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Punjab Culture

Punjab Culture

Punjabi Language

Literature Literary Awards

Fairs and Festivals

Art and Craft

Gurdwaras Temples

Forts/

Palaces/Museums

Mosques Dances

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Punjabi Literature

Early Punjabi Literature (11-15th centuries)

Shaikh Farid Literatue

Mughal and Sikh Periods (16th century to 1857)

Sikh Literatue

1 All Guru Literature

2 Other Sikh literature

Other Literature during Mughal Time

1 Shah Hussain

2 Bulleh Shah

3 Waris Shah

4 Fazal Shah

5 Hafiz Barkhudar

6 Hashim Shah

7 Qadaryar

(1858- till date literature)

1. Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha (1861-1938)

2. Nanak Singh (1897-1971)

3. Vir Singh (1872- 1957)

4. Dhani Ram Chatrik (1876-1954)

5 Prof. Puran singh (1881-1931)

6 Ishwar Chandra Nanda (1892-1966)

7 Prof. Mohan Singh (1905-1978)

8 Gurdial Singh (1911-1989)

9 Balwant Gargi (1916-2003)

10 Kartar Singh Duggal (1917-2012)

11. Amrita Pritam (1919-2005)

12. Kirpa Sagar

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Sikh Literature

Prominent Authors Important Compositions Other

Guru Nanak Dev ji Japji Sahib, Sidha Goshta, Dakhani Oankaru, Kirtan Sohila and Barah Maha

Guru Arjan Dev Ji Adi Granth, Sukhmani Sahib, Gaudi, Majjh and Barah Akhar

Guru Gobind Singh Ji Jaap Sahib, Akal Ustat, Bachitra Natak, Chandi Charitra, Chandi di Var, Gyan Prabodh, Chaubis Avtar, Khalse-di-Mahima, Swayyal, Zafarnama

Bhai Gurdas Varan and Kabitt Savaiyye

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Other Literatue during Mughal Time

Shah Hussain

Aakh Ni Maye Aakh, Amlan De Uppar Hon Nibere, Mai ne Main Kinon Aakha

Bulleh Shah

Makkeh Gaya Gal Mukdee Nahin, Bulleya Ki janan Main Kon, Ek Nukte Wich Gal Mukdee Ae

Waris Shah

Heer Ranha

Fazal Shah

Sohni Mahiwal

Hafiz Barkhudar

Mirza Sahiba

Hashim Shah

Sassi Punnun

Qadaryar

Qissa Puran Bhagat

Najabat Nadir Shah di vaar

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Punjabi Literatue 1858-till date

Prominent Authors Important Compositions Other

Bhai Kahn Singh Nabha (1861-1938)

Gurushabad Ratanakar Mahan Kosh (known as Sikh Encyclepdia), Ham Hindu Nahin, Gurmat Prabhkar, Gurmat Sudhakar, Chandi di var

Nanak Singh (1897-1971)

Chitta Lahu, Pavittar Papi, Khun de Sohile, Katti Hoi Patang, Ikk Mian do Talwara, Khooni Visakhi

1. Sahitya Adademi Award in 1962 for 'Ikk Main do Talwara' 2. in 1998 a postal stamp was released in honour of Nanak Singh.

Vir Singh (1872- 1957)

Sundari, Dil Tarang, Tarel Tuke, Bijelian de Har and mere Saian Jio

1. First writer to win "Sahatya Academy Award (1956)". 2. Acknowledged as creator of "Modern Punjabi Literature".

Dhani Ram Chatrik (1876-1954)

Ramati Seth, Noorjahan Badshah Begum, Fullan di Tokri.

1. Became president of 'Punjabi Sahit Sabha (Punjabi Literary Association)

Prof. Puran singh (1881-1931)

Khulhe Maidan, Khulhe Ghund, Khulhe Lekh and Khulle Asmani Rang

Ishwar Chandra Nanda (1892-1966)

Suhag 1. Known as "Father of Punjabi Drama"

Prof. Mohan Singh (1905-1978)

Sanve Patter, Wadda Vela, jandre 1. Sahitya Akademi Award in 1959 for "Wadda Vela".

Gurdial Singh (1911-1989)

Anhe Ghorean da Daan, Saggi Phul, Kutta te Aadmi, Begana Pind

Balwant Gargi (1916-2003)

Loha Kutt, Kesro, Sohni Mahiwal, Soukan, Mirza Sahiba, Dhooni di Agg, Rang Manch, The Naked

1. Sahitya Akademi Award for 'Rang March'

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Triangle 2. Sangeet Natak Academy Award in Punjabi play writing 1998.

Kartar Singh Duggal (1917-2012)

Dangar, Ikk Chhit Chananh Di, Sonar Bangla, Tarkalan Vele

Amrita Pritam (1919-2005)

Pinjar, Lok Peed, Sagar aur Seepian, Rasidi Ticket, Sunehe, Kagaz to Kanvas, Ajj Akhaan Waris Shah Nu

1. Know as First prominent woman Punjabi Poet, novelist and essayist. 2. Bhartiya Jnanpith literacy award for 'Kagaz Te Kanwas' 3. Also got Sahitya Akademi fellowship

Kirpa Sagar (1875-1939)

Lakhshmi Devi, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Man Tarang

Dalip Kaur Tiwana Eho Hamara Jeewan, Nange Pairan da Safar

Surjit Patar Hawa Vich likhe Harf, Hanere Vich Sulagdi Varnmala, Lafzaan di Dargah

Harbhajan Singh Rukh te Rishi

Bhagat Singh Why I am an Atheist

Shiv Kumar Batalvi (1936-1973)

Lajwanti, Aate Dian Chirian, Mainu Vida Karo, Birha Da Sultan, Dardmandan Deean Aaheen, Loona, Main te Mainu Aarti, Alvida, Peeran da paraga

1. Became youngest recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1967 for 'Loona'.

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Literary Award

Jnanpith Award

(1965)

By The Time of India Newspaper

Armita Pritam

(1981)

Gurdial Singh

(1999)

Sahitya Akademi Awards

(1955)

First winner was Bhai Vir singh for the "Mere Sayina Jio" 1955

Saraswati Samman

(1991)

By K.K. Birla Foundation

1. Harbhajan Singh (1994)- "Rukh te Rishi

2. Dalip kaur Tiwana (2001)- "Katha Kaho Urvashi"

3. Surjit Patar (2009)- "Lafzan di Dargah"

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Fair and Festivals of Punjab

Fairs/Festivals Place Others

Maghi Mela Muktsar

1. Held middle of January 2. For Commemoration of Fight of "Chali Mukte" 3. Three holy mounds are Rikab Sahib, Tibbi Sahib and Mukhwanjana Sahib 4. Shahid Ganj the Samadhi of the Forty martyrs.

Kila Raipur Sports Fesitvals

Kila Raipur, Ludhiana 1. Knowns as the Rural Olympics.

Roshni Fair Jagraon, Ludhiana 1. In honor of a Muslim pir, Abdul Kader Jalani.

Jarag Mela Payal, Ludhiana 1. In honor of the Goddess Seetla. 2. Fair is also known as Baheria fair. 3. Donkey was favorite.

Chhapar Mela Ludhiana 1. In the commemorates of Gugga Pir. 2. Snake are favorite.

Kisan Mela Ludhiana

Hola Mohalla Sri Anandpur Sahib

Mela Gadri Babean Da

Desh Bhagat Yadgaar Hall, Jalandhar

Baba Sodal Mela Jalandhar

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Harballabh Classical Music Fest

Devi Talab Temple, Jalandhar

1. In the memory of Swami Harballabh

Shahidi Jor Mela Sirhind 1. In honor of "Sahibzada Zorawar Singh" and "Sahibzada Fateh Singh" 2. Held at gurdwara Fatehgarh Sahib.

Baisakhi fair

Takht Sri Damdama Sahib, Takht Sri Talwandi Sabo and Takht Sri Akal

Takhat

Sheikh Farid Fair Faridkot 1. In the memory of Baba Farid.

Punjabi Dance

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Punjabi Folk Dance

Male Folk Dance

1. Bhangra

2. Jhumar

3. Luddi

4. Dhamal

5. Dankara

6.Gatka

7. Khichan

8. Mirza

9. Julli

Female Folk Dance

1. Sammi

2. Giddha

3. Jaago

4.Kikli

5. Luddi

Both Male and Female Dnace

1. Bhangra

2. Karthi

3. Jindua

4. Dandass

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Famous Gurduwaras

Art and Crafts of Punjab

Paranda

Dolls

Pidhis

Basketry

Phulkari

Leather Craft

Metal work

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Gurdwaras Name

Place Associated with Other

Kandh Sahib Batala Guru Nanak Dev ji Kandth sahib is the witness of Guru Nanak marriage.

Ber Sahib Sultanpur Lodhi Guru Nanak Dev ji Mediated under Ber tree for 14 years,9 months,13 days

Dera Baba Nanak Dera Baba Nanak

Guru Nanak Dev ji Guru meditate on the well “Ajita Randhawa da Khooh”

Tham Sahib Kartarpur Guru Nanak Dev Ji Mediated here for 9 months and 26 days

Nankiana Sahib Sangrur Guru Nanak Dev Ji Guru Nanak,Gobind,Tegh Bahadur visited here and Guru Gobind tied his horse to Karir tree.

Shri Akoi Sahib Sangrur Guru Nanak Dev Ji Guru Nanak, Har Gobind and Tegh Bahadur visited.

Lakhi Jungle Sahib

Bathinda Guru Nanak Dev Ji Guru Ji recited holy “japji sahib” for one Lakh times that time place was a forest

Khadur Sahib Khadur Sahib Guru Angad Dev Ji

Chaubara Sahib Goindwal Sahib Guru Amar Das Ji Residence of Guru Amar das Guru Ramdas got Gurgadi here

Baoli Sahib Goindwal Sahib Guru Amar Das Ji 1st sikh pilgrimage prepared by Guru Amardas Ji supervision. Freed from Birth/Death cycle by bath in Baoli sahib pond.

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Guru Ka Mehal Amritsar Guru Ram Das Ji It marks the residential house of Gurus.constructed in 1573.

Tarn Taran Sahib Tarn Taran Guru Arjan Dev ji This Gurudawas having largest sarovar of all Gurudwara.

Ramsar Gurdwara Amritsar Guru Arjan Dev ji It is location where Guru Ji compile the Adi Granth with the help of Bhai Gurdas ji

Guru ji Wadali Amristsar Guru Har Gobind ji Guru HarGobind born at Wadali

Daroli Bhai Ferozepur Guru Har Gobind ji

Patal Puri Kiratpur Sahib Guru Har Gobind ji

Baba Bakala Baba Bakala Guru Tegh Bahadur ji

Dukh Niwaran Sahib

Patiala Guru Tegh Bahadur ji

Sri Arisar Sahib Barnala Guru Tegh Bahadur ji

Katalgarh Sahib Chamkaur Sahib

Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Charan Kamal Machhiwara Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Fatehgarh Sahib Fatehgarh Sahib Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Tibbi Sahib Muktsar Sahib Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Alamgir Sahib Ludhiana Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Damdama Sahib Talwandi Sabo Guru Gobind Singh ji

Shri Gangsar Sahib

Jaito Guru Gobind Singh Ji

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A Short History of Punjabi Literature

Punjabi literature refers to literary works written in the Punjabi language particularly by peoples from the historical Punjab region

of India and Pakistan including the Punjabi diaspora. The language is written in several different scripts, of which the Shahmukhi,

the Gurmukhī scripts are the most commonly used.

Early Punjabi Literature (11-15th

centuries)

Although the earliest Punjabi literature is found in the fragments of writings of the eleventh century yogis Gorakshanath and

Charpatnah, the Punjabi literary tradition is popularly seen to commence with Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1173–1266) whose Sufi

poetry was compiled after his death in the Adi Granth.

The Janamsakhis, stories on the life and legend of Guru Nanak (1469-1539), are early examples of Punjabi prose literature.

Nanak’s own poetry was fused Punjabi, Khari Boli and Braj Bhasha, with vocabulary from Sanskrit, Arabic and Persian as was

much of the literature of the later Sikh Gurus.

Mughal and Sikh Periods (16th

century to 1857)

Punjabi poetry developed through Shah Hussain (1538–1599) and the Sufi tradition of Sultan Bahu (1628–1691), Shah Sharaf

(1640–1724), Ali Haider (1690–1785), and Bulleh Shah (1680–1757). In contrast to Persian poets, who had preferred the ghazal for

poetic expression, Punjabi Sufi poets tended to compose in the Kafi.

Punjabi Sufi poetry also influenced the Punjabi Qissa, a genre of romantic tragedy which also derived inspiration from Indic,

Persian and Quranic sources. The Qissa of Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah (1706–1798) is among the most popular of Punjabi qisse.

Other popular stories include Sohni Mahiwal by Fazal Shah, Mirza Sahiba by Hafiz Barkhudar (1658–1707), Sassi Punnun by

Hashim Shah (1735?–1843?), and Qissa Puran Bhagat by Qadaryar (1802–1892).

Heroic ballads known as Vaar enjoy a old oral tradition in Punjabi. Prominent examples of heroic or epic poetry include Guru

Gobind Singh‘s in Chandi di Var (1666–1708). The semi-historical Nadir Shah Di Vaar by Najabat describes the invasion of India

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by Nadir Shah in 1739. The Jangnama, or ‘War Chronicle,’ was introduced into Punjabi literature during the Mughal period; the

Punjabi Jangnama of Shah Mohammad (1780–1862) recounts the First Anglo-Sikh War of 1845–46.

The Colonial Period (1858-1947)

The Victorian novel, Elizabethan drama, free verse and Modernism entered Punjabi literature through the introduction of British

education during the Raj. The first Punjabi printing press (using Gurmukhi) was established through a Christian mission at

Ludhiana in 1835, and the first Punjabi dictionary was published by Reverend J. Newton in 1854.

The Punjabi novel developed through Nanak Singh (1897–1971) and Vir Singh. Starting off as a pamphleteer and as part of the

Singh Sabha Movement, Vir Singh wrote historical romance through such novels as Sundari, Satwant Kaur and Baba Naudh Singh,

whereas Nanak Singh helped link the novel to the story telling traditions of Qissa and oral tradition as well as to questions of social

reform.

The novels, short stories and poetry of Amrita Pritam (1919–2005) highlighted, among other themes, the experience of women, and

the Partition of India. Punjabi poetry during the British Raj moreover began to explore more the experiences of the common man

and the poor through the work of Puran Singh (1881–1931). Other poets such as Dhani Ram Chatrik (1876–1957), Diwan

Singh (1897–1944) and Ustad Daman (1911–1984), explored and expressed nationalism in their poetry during India’s freedom

movement.

Modernism was also introduced into Punjabi poetry by Prof. Mohan Singh (1905–78) and Shareef Kunjahi. The Punjabi diaspora

also began to emerge during the Raj and also produced poetry whose theme was revolt against British rule in Ghadar di

Gunj (Echoes of Mutiny).

Post-Independence literature (1947- )

West Punjab (Pakistan)

Najm Hossein Syed, Fakhar Zaman and Afzal Ahsan Randhawa are some of the more prominent names in West Punjabi literature

produced in Pakistan since 1947. Literary criticism in Punjabi has also emerged through the efforts of West Punjabi scholars and

poets, Shafqat Tanvir Mirza (b. 1932), Ahmad Salim, and Najm Hosain Syed (b. 1936). The work of Zaman and Randhawa often

treats the rediscovery of Punjabi identity and language in Pakistan since 1947.

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Urdu poets of the Punjab have also written Punjabi poetry including Munir Niazi (1928–2006).

East Punjab (India) Amrita Pritam (1919–2005), Shiv Kumar Batalvi (1936–1973), Surjit Paatar (1944–) and Pash (1950–1988) are some of the more

prominent poets and writers of East Punjab (India). Pritam’s Sunehe (Messages) received the Sahitya Akademi in 1982. In it, Pritam

explores the impact of social morality on women. Kumar’s epic Luna (a dramatic retelling of the legend of Puran Bhagat) won the

Sahitya Akademi Award in 1965.

Socialist themes of revolution meanwhile influenced writers like Pash whose work demonstrates the influence of Pablo

Neruda and Octavio Paz. Meanwhile, modern drama developed through Ishwar Nanda’s Ibsen-influenced Suhag in 1913,

Gursharan Singh who helped popularize the genre through live theatre in Punjabi villages and Kartar Singh Duggal, and Balwant

Gargi.

Diaspora Punjabi literature

Punjabi diaspora literature has developed through writers in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and the United States, as well

as writers in Africa such as Ajaib Kamal, born in 1932 in Kenya. Themes explored by diaspora writers include the cross-cultural

experience of Punjabi migrants, racial discrimination, exclusion, and assimilation, the experience of women in the diaspora, and

spirituality in the modern world. Second generation writers of Punjabi ancestry such as Rupinderpal Singh Dhillon (Roop Dhillon)

have explored the relationship between British Punjabis and their immigrant parents as well as experiment with surrealism, science-

fiction and crime-fiction.

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