program book - 6th ICEVT 2019

4THICEVT2017 I

PROGRAM BOOK

6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRIC VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY

NOVEMBER 18-21, 2019

FOUR POINTS BY SHERATON BALI, UNGASAN

BALI, INDONESIA

1

ORGANIZED BY

SUPPORTED BY

2

6th ICEVT 2019 SECRETARIAT

Website : http://icevt.org/ E-mail : [email protected] NCSTT Head Office (Institut Teknologi Bandung) CRCS Building, 2nd Floor Jl Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132 Website : http://ncstt.itb.ac.id/

3

WELCOMING MESSAGES The 6th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT) 2019 is organized by the National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, and Universitas Udayana. The 6th ICEVT 2019 will be the part of Automotive Engineering Week 2019 which consists of 11th ASEAN Automobile Safety Forum, 4th International Conference of Sustainable Mobility, and Stop the Crash 2019. Altogether, the event will feature the presentations from all around the world in the newest development in electric vehicle and sustainable mobility research. The aim of the conference is to provide opportunities for the different areas

delegates in the field of Electric Vehicle (EV) technology to exchange new ideas and application experiences and to establish friendly relation among peers for future global collaboration. All accepted and presented papers will be forwarding for consideration to be published in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library (Normally will be indexed in SCOPUS database), and non-presented papers will be pulled from submission to IEEE Xplore (Catalog Number: CFP19N65-ART). Selected good quality papers will be considered to be published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation Technology (IJSTT) with normal review process by the journal editor. This conference will be held in Four Points by Sheraton Bali, Ungasan Indonesia. Bali is the most popular island holiday destination in the Indonesian archipelago. The island’s home to an ancient culture that's known for its warm hospitality. Exotic temples and palaces set against stunning natural backdrops are some of its top attractions. Dining in Bali presents endless choices of local or far-flung cuisine. After sunset, famous nightspots come to life offering exciting clubbing and packed dance floors. Inland, towering volcanoes and pristine jungles greet you with plenty to see and do. Most can't stay away from the beach for long, though. Enjoy amazing beach resorts and luxury resorts in any of Bali’s famous areas. These include Kuta, Seminyak and Jimbaran where most of the great hotels and villas are right on the beach. They’re also home to most of Bali’s exciting surf spots. For tranquil seascapes and sunrises, the eastern beach resorts are your best bets. Looking forward to seeing you in the exotic Bali!

Dr. Agus Purwadi, General Chairman of 6th ICEVT 2019

4

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ORGANIZED BY .................................................................................................................... 1

SUPPORTED BY ................................................................................................................... 1

6TH ICEVT 2019 SECRETARIAT ........................................................................................... 2

WELCOMING MESSAGES .................................................................................................... 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... 4

6TH ICEVT 2019 COMMITTEE ............................................................................................... 6

GENERAL INFORMATION .................................................................................................... 7

PASSPORT AND VISA .......................................................................................................... 8

REGISTRATION ................................................................................................................... 10

CONFERENCE VENUE ....................................................................................................... 11

6TH ICEVT 2019 SCHEDULE ............................................................................................... 12

PLENARY KEYNOTE SCHEDULE ...................................................................................... 14

PARALLEL SESSION 1 SCHEDULE ................................................................................... 17




PLENARY ABSTRACT: PROF. QING ZHOU ...................................................................... 31

PLENARY ABSTRACT: PROF. ELHAM SAHRAEI ............................................................. 31

PLENARY ABSTRACT: PROF. SIMON SHEPHERD .......................................................... 32

PLENARY ABSTRACT: DR. STEPHAN BRANDL ............................................................... 32

PLENARY ABSTRACT: PROF. KIKUO KISHIMOTO .......................................................... 33

PLENARY ABSTRACT: PROF. MASAKI OMIYA ................................................................ 33

PLENARY ABSTRACT: IR. SIGIT P. SANTOSA, MSME, SC.D., IPU ................................. 34

ABSTRACT LIST: PARALLEL SESSION 1, PADANG-PADANG 1 MEETING ROOM ....... 35

5


ABSTRACT LIST: PARALLEL SESSION 1, BALANGAN 1 MEETING ROOM ................... 47









ABSTRACT LIST: PARALLEL SESSION 3, PADANG-PADANG 2 MEETING ROOM ..... 102

ABSTRACT LIST: PARALLEL SESSION 3, BALANGAN 1 MEETING ROOM ................. 108

ABSTRACT LIST: PARALLEL SESSION 4, PADANG-PADANG 2 MEETING ROOM ..... 113

6

6TH ICEVT 2019 COMMITTEE Chairman: Dr. Agus Purwadi

Vice Chairman: Dr. Eng. I Made Gatot Karohika

Technical Committee: Dr. Bentang A Budiman Ainul Ghurri, Ph.D. Dr. I Made Parwata

Dr. Poetro L Sambegoro I Ketut Adi Atmika, M.T. Ketut Astawa, M.T.

Dr. Tua A Tamba Dr. Wayan Nata Septiadi Cok Istri Putri Kusuma K, M.Si.

Dr. Arwindra Rizqiawan I Made Widiyarta, Ph.D. I Putu Lokantara, M.T.

Muhammad Farda, M.Sc. Natasya Coniyanti, M.Sc. I Gusti Agung Kade Suriadi, M.T.

Dita Novizayanti, S.Si. Rika Felicita, S.Si. I Nyoman Budiarsa, Ph.D.

Yosa Esvianda, M.M. Bejo Ropii, S.Si.

Advisory Board: Prof. I Nyoman Gede Antara (Universitas Udayana, Indonesia)

Prof. Iswandi Imran (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Prof. Muhammad Nizam, Ph.D. (Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia)

Prof. Masyhur Irsyam (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Prof. Yanuarsyah Haroen (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Prof. Ade Sjafruddin (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Prof. Muhammad Aziz (University of Tokyo, Japan)

Prof. Sudarso Kaderi (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Prof. Andi Isra M (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Sigit Puji Santosa, Sc.D. (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Prof. Ichsan Setyaputra (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Dr. Hilwadi Hindersah (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Prof. Yatna Yuwana (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Dr. Puguh B Prakoso (Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia)

Prof. Yul Y Nazaruddin (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Sulistyo, Ph.D. (Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia)

Prof. Muljo Widodo K (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Dr. Muhammad Muntaha (Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Indonesia)

Prof. Tatacipta Dirgantara (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Dr. Joni Arliansyah (Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia)

Prof. Mardjono S (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia)

Semuel Y.R. Rompis, Ph.D. (Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Indonesia)

7

GENERAL INFORMATION

Indonesia is one of the very few nations on earth to span such a broad spectrum of world history and human civilizations from its ancient Hindu-Javanese temples to Bali's modern luxury resorts, and from the stone-age lifestyle in West Papua to immense metropolis that is Jakarta.

The population of nearly 234 million people is derived from 300 ethnic groups people who speak over 250 distinct languages. The common element is the national language of Bahasa Indonesia Situated almost smack in the middle of the Indonesian archipelago, Bali is approximately 5,620 sq km (2,170 sq miles) in size with a population of almost 3 million. One the eight regencies, Badung is the urban and commercial center. Here, most tourists spend their holidays at the beach, playing and partying, most often in the tourist enclaves of Nusa Dua, Sanur or Kuta/Legian. But even here, despite blatant commercialism, traditional undercurrents remain. Bali lies between the islands of Java and Lombok and is one of more than 17,000 islands that makes up the Indonesian Archipelago. Bali is small, stretching approximately 140 km from east to west and 80 km from north to south. Slightly off centre, and running east to west, are a string of volcanic mountains. Lying just 8° south of the Equator, Bali boasts a tropical climate with just two seasons, wet and dry, a year and an average annual temperature of around 28° C. The rich volcanic soil and healthy monsoon season make this island extremely fertile and a range of crops are grown here. The wide and gently sloping southern regions play host to Bali’s famed rice terraces, among some of the most spectacular in the world. In the hilly, northern coastal regions, the main produce is coffee, copra, spices, vegetables, cattle and rice. The Balinese people have strong spiritual roots and despite the large influx of tourists over the years, their culture is still very much alive. Naturally creative, the Balinese have traditionally used their talents for religious purposes and most of the beautiful work to be seen here, has been inspired by stories from the Ramayana and other Hindu epics. With a reputation as being one of the most beautiful and diverse tourist spots in Asia, Bali attracts almost 1,000,000 visitors a year, from all around the world.

8

PASSPORT AND VISA

Indonesia Government had granted visa on arrival favor to 52 countries to be able to purchase the visa on arrival facility upon their arrival in Indonesia's designed “International Gateway” at 15 airports and 21 seaports. CUSTOM Customs allows on entry per adult, a maximum of one liter of alcoholic liquor, 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 100 grams tobacco and reasonable amount of perfume per adult AIRPORT TAX An airport departure tax of IDR 150.000,- is levied bythe airport authority for travelers on international flights and IDR 20.000,- for domestics flights. The tax must be paid in Rupiah. BUSINESS HOURS Government offices open at 8 am every day except Sunday, Monday to Thursday the are open to around 3 pm. Fridays to 11.30 and Saturday to 2 pm. Shops in Denpasar and other towns close in the afternoon for a siesta (usually 1 pm to 6 pm) and re-open in the evening until 9 pm. CLIMATE The average temperature in Bali in December is between 280C (82.4) - 300C (86) and the relative humidity is about 88%. There is comparatively little difference between the daytime and night time temperatures. CURRENCY Only Rupiah (Indonesian currency) is acceptable at regular stores and restaurants. Certain foreign currencies and major credit cards are accepted by most hotels. Restaurants and souvenirs shops. The exchange rates 1 US$ is about IDR 9.500,- TRAVELERS CHECK AND CREDIT CARDS Travelers checks are accepted by leading banks and hotels in principals cities. The use of travelers checks in Indonesia is as popular as in any other countries. Dinners Club and American Express, Visa and Master Card are widely accepted at hotel, department stores, shops, restaurants and night clubs. According to the Indonesian banking regulations, payment of credit card should be charged in local currency. ELECTRICITY The electricity used in Indonesia is 220 volt at 50 cycles.

9

SHOPPING Main tourist roads are often lined with shops and stalls selling crafts of all types. Ubud (25 km north of Denpasar) and the surrounding villages of Pengosekan. Mas dan Batuan are breeding grounds for arts, ranging from wayang style paintings, polished wood carvings and antiques to traditional Balinese carvings made from volcanic pumice. For those who don't' like to wander too far from the beach, Kuta and Legian have more modern shopping areas DANCE AND DRAMA Performance form an important part of nearly every ritual on Bali. Ubud offers classical dances (Joged Kecak Pendet, Topeng, Gabor, etc) held in princely mansion and neighborhood halls. The Art Centre shows at 6 pm daily in Denpasar are the best for Kecak. The venues at Singapadu and Batubulan are excellent for Barong and Keris. IDD (INTERNATIONAL DIRECT DIALING) Country Code = Indonesia :+62 City Code = Bali :+62-361 KLINIK SOS MEDIKA (INTERNATIONAL SOS) Jl. By Pass Ngurah Rai 505X Ph (62 361) 710 505 Ubud Clinic (24 Hour) Jl. Raya Campuhan No. 36, Ubud Ph (62 361) 974 911 For further information please come to 6th ICEVT 2019 secretariat office.

10

REGISTRATION Registration Fee The registration fee includes conference kit, conference proceedings, admission to all sessions, welcoming reception, banquet, lunches, and coffee breaks.

Overseas Participant REGISTRATION FEE

• IEEE Member: $300

• Non-IEEE Member: $350

• Student: $250

• Participant: $200

Local Academia REGISTRATION FEE

• Lecturer: IDR 2.500.000,-

• Student: IDR 2.000.000,-

• Participant: IDR 1.500.000,-

• NCSTT Member: Free

11

CONFERENCE VENUE Four Points by Sheraton Bali, Ungasan , Indonesia Jl. Raya Uluwatu Br. Giri Dharma Ungasan, South Kuta, Bali 80364, Indonesia

Four Points by Sheraton, Bali is a modern and stylish 4 stars hotel. A wide range of leisure facilities is well suited for families and Bali’s very best conference rooms including a pillar-less grand ballroom is available to cater every MICE’s needs. Strategically located in the heart of Jimbaran hills, a neighbor of

Garuda Wisnu Kencana Cultural Park. Enjoy convenient access to surrounding beautiful beaches and lot of tourism objects to and from Jimbaran, Ungasan, Nusa Dua and Uluwatu such as Pandawa Beach, Dreamland Beach, Balangan Beach, Labuan Sait Beach, Padang-Padang Beach, Uluwatu Temple and Jimbaran Bay.

Offering a breathtaking scenery over Jimbaran Bay, Mount Batukaru, Mount Agung, Benoa Bay, it is merely 20 minutes from Bali Ngurah Rai International Airport.

12

6TH ICEVT 2019 SCHEDULE Monday, November 18, 2019

Time Activity All Day Participant check-in

Tuesday, November 19, 2019 (ICEVT Day 1)

Time Activity 7:30 Registration Open

08:00-09:00

Opening Ceremony: • Dr. Agus Purwadi – Chairman of 6th ICEVT 2019 • Prof. Dr. dr. A. A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K) – Rector of Universitas

Udayana • Prof. Ir. Kadarsah Suryadi – Rector of Institut Teknologi Bandung • Prof. Dr. Bambang Permadi Soemantri Brodjonegoro, S.E., M.U.P., Ph.D.

– Minister of Research and Technology/Chairman of Agency for National Research and Innovation “Arah Kebijakan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional dalam Menyongsong Revolusi Kendaraan Listrik”

09:00-09:35 Keynote Session 1 by Prof. Qing Zhou (Tsinghua University) “Failure Mechanisms of Lithium-ion Batteries under Mechanical Loading”

09:35-10:10 Keynote Session 2 by Prof. Elham Sahraei (Temple University) “Homogenized Modelling and Failure Characterization of Lithium-ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Application”

10:10-10:45 Keynote Session 3 by Prof. Simon Shepherd (University of Leeds) “A Reflection on using Product Diffusion Models in Forecasting the Electric Vehicle Market”

10:45-11:20 Keynote Session 4 by Dr. Stephan Brandl (AVL Austria) “Development of an Integrated Axle for MD Trucks for Urban Distribution Traffic”

11:20-11:55 Keynote Session 5 by Prof. Kikuo Kishimoto (Tokyo Institute of Technology) “Multi-Material Structures and Mechanics of Materials Research”

11:55-13:25 Lunch Break 13:25-15:00 Parallel Session 1 15:00-15:30 Coffee Break 15:30-17.00 Parallel Session 2 19:00-21:00 Gala Dinner

13

Wednesday, November 20, 2019 (ICEVT Day 2)

Time Activity

08:00-09:00

Opening Ceremony: • Nadiem Makarim, MBA – Minister of Education and Culture

“Arah Pendidikan Tinggi dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya melalui Kerjasama Internasional”

• Ir. Budi Karya Sumadi – Minister of Transportation “Aspek Regulasi Kendaraan Listrik untuk Transportasi Masa Depan yang Berkelanjutan”

• Irjen Pol. Refdi Andri – Director of Traffic Corps, Indonesian National Police (Kakorlantas) “Dekade Aksi Keselamatan Jalan dalam Menyongsong Era Revolusi Kendaraan Listrik”

09:00-09:30 Keynote Session by Prof. Masaki Omiya (Keio University, Japan) “Fracture and Strength of Advanced Materials for Automotive Application”

09:30-10:00 Keynote Session by Ir. Sigit P. Santosa, MSME, Sc.D., IPU (Institut Teknologi Bandung, National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology) “International Collaboration Initiative: Best Practice in Transportation Field”

10:00-10:30 Transfer to Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) 10:30-11:00

Stop The Crash 2019 at GWK 11:00-12:00 12:00-13:25 Lunch Break 13:25-15:00 Parallel Session 3 15:00-15:30 Coffee Break 15:30-17.00 Parallel Session 4

14

PLENARY KEYNOTE SCHEDULE Date : Tuesday, November 19, 2019 Time : 09.00 – 11.55 Venue : Pandawa Ballroom

09.00 – 09.35

Prof. Qing Zhou

Tsinghua University, China

“Failure Mechanisms of Lithium-ion Batteries under Mechanical Loading”

09.35 – 10.10

Prof. Elham Sahraei

Temple University, USA

“Homogenized Modelling and Failure Characterization of Lithium-ion Battery for Electric Vehicle Application”

10.10 – 10.45

Prof. Simon Shepherd

University of Leeds, UK

“A Reflection on using Product Diffusion Models in Forecasting the Electric Vehicle Market”

15

10.45 – 11.20

Dr. techn. Stephan Brandl

AVL List GmbH, Austria

“Development of an Integrated Axle for MD Trucks for Urban Distribution Traffic”

11.20 – 11.55

Prof. Kikuo Kishimoto

Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

“Multi-Material Structures and Mechanics of Materials Research”

16

Date : Wednesday, November 20, 2019 Time : 08.30 – 10.00 Venue : Pandawa Ballroom

09.00 – 09.30

Prof. Masaki Omiya

Keio University, Japan

“Fracture and Strength of Advanced Materials for Automotive Application”

09.30 – 10.00

Ir. Sigit P. Santosa, MSME, Sc.D., IPU

National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

“International Collaboration Initiative: Best Practice in Transportation Field”

17

PARALLEL SESSION 1 SCHEDULE Date & Time : Tuesday, November 19, 2019, 13.25 – 15.00

Venue : Padang-padang 1 Meeting Room

Time Title and Author Topic Code

13:25-13:45

[ABS-29] Development of Active Cell to Cell Battery Balancing System for Electric Vehicle Applications Edi Leksono, Irsyad Nashirul Haq, Endang Juliastuti, Lalu Ghifarul Zaky Fahran, Fahri Muhamad Nabhan

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-29 INVITED

BTM

13:45-14.00

[ABS-13] Improved Ionic Conductivity of Li-Rich Li1.2Ni0.64Co0.08Mn0.08O2 (LNCM811) by NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) Coating Muhammad Alief Irham, Putu Hendra, Octia Floweri, Akfiny H. Aimon, Ferry Iskandar

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-13 (BTM)

14:00-14:15

[ABS-14] Reducing Synthesis Time of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) Cathode Material in Wet Chemical Process by Microwave Heat Treatment Putu Hendra Widyadharma, Muhammad Alief, Tirta R. Mayangsari, Octia Floweri, Akfiny H. Aimon, Ferry Iskandar

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-14 (BTM)

14:15-14:30

[ABS-15] Synthesis of Exfoliated Graphene as Anode Material using a Modified Electrochemical Process Oktaviardi B. Abdillah, Ferry Iskandar, Tirta R. Mayangsari, Akfiny H. Aimon, Lia Destiarti

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-15 (BTM)

14:30-14:45 [ABS-20] Low Cost Charging Station for Electric Vehicle: Design and Prototyping Maghfiroh, H., Ibrahim, H., Hermanu, C., Nizam, M.

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-20 (BTM)

14:45-15:00

[ABS-26] Modeling and Simulation of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Using Modified Battery Cell Model Meilisa Dewi Kharisma, Arinata Fatchun Ilmiawan, Saiful Rizal, Muhammad Ridwan, Ferdaus Ario Nurman

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-26 (BTM)

18

Date & Time : Tuesday, November 19, 2019, 13.25 – 15.00 Venue : Padang-padang 2 Meeting Room


13:25-13:45 [ABS-8] An Input-to-State Stable Implementation of Event-Triggered CBTC Tua A. Tamba and Yul Y. Nazaruddin

Control System

ABS-8 INVITED CS

13:45-14.00

[ABS-32] Estimation of Received Signal Power 5G-Railway Communication Systems Selvi Lukman, Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin, Bo Ai, Ruisi He, Endra Joelianto

Control System ABS-32 (CS)

14:00-14:15

[ABS-50] Implementation of Motion Cueing and Motor Position Control for Vehicle Simulator with 4-DOF-Platform Achmad Indra Aulia, Monika Faswia Fahmi, Hilwadi Hindersah, Arief Syaichu Rohman, Egi Muhammad Idris Hidayat


14:15-14:30

[ABS-51] Real-Time Image Processing Method Using Raspberry Pi for a Car Model Mochammad Ariyanto, Ismoyo Haryanto, Joga D. Setiawan, M. Munadi, M. Sri Radityo


14:30-14:45

[ABS-53] Added Mass and Drag Prediction Using CFD Fluent Simulation for an Autonomous Barge Parameters Numan Amri Maliky, Mochamad Teguh Subarkah, Syarif Hidayat


14:45-15:00

[ABS-58] Using Particle Swarm and Brainstorm Optimization for Predicting Bus Arrival Time Imam B. Mores, Muhammad Fauzan, Yul Y. Nazaruddin, and Parsaulian I. Siregar


19

Date & Time : Tuesday, November 19, 2019, 13.25 – 15.00 Venue : Balangan 1 Meeting Room

Time Title and Author Topic Code 13:25-13:45 [ABS-87] Electric scooter use: Lessons from

Asian cities, prospects and challenges for Indonesia Chandra Balijepalli

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-87 INVITED EV-

SEI

13:45-14.00 [ABS-31] A Study of the Passenger Expectations of the Public Transportation Service in the City of Martapura Iphan Fitrian Radam, Puguh Budi Prakoso, Utami Sylvia Lestari

EV Socio-Economic

Impact ABS-31 (EV-

SEI)

14:00-14:15 [ABS-33] Comparison of ANN and Multinomial Logit for Prediction of Mode Choice between Online Transportations and Private Vehicles Puguh Budi Prakoso, Yuslena Sari, Iphan Fitrian Radam, Najmi Fahrina

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-33 (EV-SEI)

14:15-14:30 [ABS-19] Estimating the uptake of electric motorcycles in Bandung city using discrete choice modelling methods Muhammad Farda, Simon Shepherd, Chandra Balijepalli, Romain Crastes dit Sourd, Tryas Praesha, Harun Alrasyid Lubis

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-19 (EV-SEI)

14:30-14:45 [ABS-21] Investigating Factors to Support Electric Scooter Uptake: The Case of Bandung City Simon Shepherd, Tryas Praesha, Chandra Balijepalli, Muhammad Farda

EV Socio-Economic

Impact ABS-21 (EV-

SEI)

14:45-15:00 [ABS-22] Acceptance of Electric Vehicle in Indonesia: Case Study in Bandung Eko Agus Prasetio, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan, Lely Trianti Anggarini, Dita Novizayanti, Safrani Nurfatiasari

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-22 (EV-SEI)

20



13:25-13:45 [ABS-88] Implementation of Rollover Test in Indonesia, Based on UN ECE-R66 Regulation Yogi Adi Wijaya, Listiawan Agus Susanto, Stefan Arman

EV Body, Chassis and

Platform

ABS-88 INVITED EV-

BCP (LAKSANA)

13:45-14.00

[ABS-18] Side Collision Analysis of Electric Bus using Finite Element Method Ojo Kurdi, Djoeli Satrijo, Ismoyo Haryanto, Agus Suprihanto, Shukri Yob, Iqbal Taufiqurrahman


Platform

ABS-18 (EV-BCP)

14:00-14:15

[ABS-24] Energy Consumption Simulation and Analysis of Rear-Driven Electric Bus with Regenerative Braking Metha Islameka, Irsyad Nashirul Haq, Edi Leksono, Brian Yuliarto


Platform ABS-24 (EV-

BCP)

14:15-14:30

[ABS-93] Design and Prototyping of an Electric City Car for Two Passengers Munadi, Ismoyo Haryanto, Mochammad Ariyanto, Joga Dharma Setiawan, Urip Kurniawan, M. Beny Dwifa

EV Body, Chasis, and

Platform ABS-93 (EV-

BCP)

14:30-14:45 [ABS-1] Machining Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Finite Element Method (FEM) Andi Idhil Ismail, Gusti Umindya Nur Tajalla

Lightweight Structure ABS-1 (LS)

14:45-15:00

[ABS-36] SANDWICH PANEL COMPOSITE BASED LIGHT-WEIGHT STRUCTURE DESIGN FOR RESERVED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM (RESS) PROTECTION Daniel Irawan, Sigit Puji Santosa, Annisa Jusuf, Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro


21



13:25-13:45

[ABS-85] Roles of PT Len Industri in The Development of Electric Vehicle Technology in Indonesia Muhammad Ridwan

EV-System Integration ABS-85

INVITED EV-SI (LEN)

13:45-14.00

[ABS-9] Optimal PHEV Mode Selection Strategy for Full Battery Consumption and Known Traffic Condition on Intercity Commuting Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim; Hari Maghfiroh; Muhammad Nizam

EV-System Integration

ABS-9 (EV-SI)

14:00-14:15 [ABS-55] Energy Effectiveness of Advanced Vehicle for Urban Transportation Waloyo, H.T.; Tjahjana, D.D.D.T.; Nizam, M.

EV-System Integration ABS-55 (EV-

SI)

14:15-14:30 [ABS-57] Axial Unipolar of Eddy Current Brake Pole Characterization Suwolo; Waloyo, H.T.; Ubaidillah; Nizam, M.

EV-System Integration ABS-57 (EV-

SI)

14:30-14:45

[ABS-60] The Influence of Aluminum Conductor Shape Modification on Eddy-Current Brake Using Finite Element Method Achwan Restu Prayoga, Ubaidillah, Muhammad Nizam, Hery Tri Waloyo

EV-System Integration

ABS-60 (EV-SI)

14:45-15:00

[ABS-7] A Review On DC–DC Converter Topologies and Controls for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications Pronay Kumar Chakrobarty, Shruthi Mukundan, Eshaan Ghosh, and Narayan C. Kar,

Power Electronic

and Applications ABS-7 (PEA)

22

PARALLEL SESSION 2 SCHEDULE Date & Time : Tuesday, November 19, 2019, 15.30 – 17.00 Venue : Padang-padang 1 Meeting Room


15:30-15:45

[ABS-27] Development of Big Data Analytics Platform for Electric Vehicle Battery Management System Muchamad Iman Karmawijaya, Irsyad Nashirul Haq, Edi Leksono, Augie Widyotriatmo

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-27 (BTM)

15:45-16:00

[ABS-11] Modelling, identification and simulation of hybrid battery/supercapacitor storage system used in vehicular applications GHOULAM Yasser, MESBAHI Tedjani, DURAND Sylvain, PAUL Théophile

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-11 (BTM)

16:00-16:15

[ABS-37] Design Study of Battery System Protection Structure Based on Hybrid Material Fiber Metal Laminate (FML) Teresa Nirmala, Sigit Puji Santosa, Annisa Jusuf, Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-37 (BTM)

16:15-16:30

[ABS-41] Design of Battery Management System (BMS) for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Battery Muhammad Nizam, Hari Maghfiroh, Kirana Dyah Utari Kusumaputri, Rizal Abdulrozaq Rosadi

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-41 (BTM)

16:30-16:45

[ABS-77] Design of Battery Management System (BMS) for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Battery Muhammad Nizam, Hari Maghfiroh, Rizal A. Risadi, Kirana D. U. Kusumaputri

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-77 (BTM)

16:45-17:00

[ABS-94] Synthesis of Nanostructured Silicon Nanoparticles for Anodes of Li-Ion Battery Firman Bagja Juangsa, Bentang Arief Budiman, Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro, Prihadi Setyo Darmanto, Tomohiro Nozaki

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-94 (BTM)

23

Date & Time : Tuesday, November 19, 2019, 15.30 – 17.00 Venue : Padang-padang 2 Meeting Room


15:30-15:45

[ABS-62] The Effect of Vehicle Inertia on Regenerative Braking Systems of Pure Electric Vehicles Joga Dharma Setiawan, Bentang Arief Budiman, Ismoyo Haryanto, Munadi, Mochammad Ariyanto, and Mohammad Alfian Hidayat


15:45-16:00

[ABS-67] Power Optimization of Electric Motor using PID-Fuzzy Logic Controller Aviseno Kholid, Rifky Ahmad Fauzi, Endra Joelianto, Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin


16:00-16:15

[ABS-72] Experimental Investigation on Implementing Autonomous Bus Control Using Lyapunov Approach Joshua Friendly Nugroho, Fahmi Rizaldi, Yul Y. Nazaruddin, Augie Widyotriatmo


16:15-16:30

[ABS-73] Localization Method for Autonomous Car Using Virtual Sensing System Yul. Y. Nazaruddin, Fadillah A. Maani, Prasetyo W. L. Sanjaya, Eraraya R. Muten, Gilbert Tjahjono, Joshua A. Oktavianus


16:30-16:45

[ABS-86] SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR (SRM) USING BLACK BOX METHOD FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM Muhammad Rizalul Wahid, Nadana Ayzah Azis, Endra Joelianto


16:45-17:00

[ABS-97] Experimental Study on the Aerodynamic Performance of Autonomous Boat with Wind Propulsion and Solar Power Joga Dharma Setiawan, Bentang Arief Budiman, Mochammad Ariyanto, Trias Andromeda, Deddy Chrismianto, Muhammad Abdul Aziz


17:00-17:15

[ABS-35] Channel Measurement based Ray-Tracing Analysis for High Speed Railway Scenario at 800MHz Irsyad Ridwany, Adit Kurniawan, Tutun Juhana, Bo Ai, Longhe Wang


24



15:30-15:45

[ABS-3] Socioeconomic Impacts and Consumer Preferences Analysis of Electrified Vehicle in Indonesia Chaikal Nuryakin, Riyanto, Setya Agung Riyadi, Ashintya Damayati, Andhika Putra Pratama, Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-3 (EV-SEI)

15:45-16:00

[ABS-4] Estimating the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of Electrified Vehicle in Indonesia Riyanto, Chaikal Nuryakin, Setya Agung Riyadi, Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-4 (EV-SEI)

16:00-16:15

[ABS-43] Analysis of daily driving and its impact to the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Ainul Ghurri, I Made Gatot Karohika, I Ketut Gede Sugita, I Made Widiyarta, I Nyoman Gde Antara

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-43 (EV-SEI)

16:15-16:30

[ABS-44] Analysis on fuel economy and CO2 emission of gasoline engine and hybrid electric vehicles I Made Widiyarta, Ainul Ghurri, I Made Gatot Karohika, I Nyoman Gde Antara, I Ketut Gede Sugita

EV Socio-Economic

Impact

ABS-44 (EV-SEI)

25



15:30-15:45

[ABS-42] Rectangular Crash Boxes Implementation on Impact Energy Absorbing System for Lightweight Rail Vehicle Application Raynald Masli, Bagus Budiwantoro, Sigit Puji Santosa, Leonardo Gunawan


15:45-16:00

[ABS-45] Lightweight Structure Characterisation of Multi-Cell Thin Walled Columned Subjected to Axial Loading Gilang Farhan Ramadhan Mulyadi, Sigit Puji Santosa, Djarot Widagdo, Annisa Jusuf


16:00-16:15

[ABS-47] Lightweight Structure Characterisation of Thin-walled Column Subjected to Biaxial Loadings Robby, Andi Isra Mahyuddin, Tatacipta Dirgantara, Sigit Puji Santosa


16:15-16:30

[ABS-75] USING MULTI-QUADROTOR SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE ROAD MAPPING Bernard Renardi, Erick Khosasi, Yul Y. Nazaruddin, Endang Juliastuti


16:30-16:45

[ABS-78] Automotive Real-Time Operating System in Vehicular Technology Progress Review Wirawan Lingga, Bentang Arief Budiman, Poetro Sambegoro


16:45-17:00

[ABS-79] Design of DC Fast Charging Buck Converter for LFP Battery on Electric Car Trias Andromeda, Betantya Nugroho, Mohamad Isnaeni Romadhon, Ismoyo Haryanto, Joga Setiawan, Ismoyo Haryanto, Joga Setiawan, Hermawan, Iwan Setiawan, M. Facta

Electric System, Drives,

Motors and Machinery

ABS-79 (ESDMM)

17:00-17:15

[ABS-65] DESIGNING AUTOMATIC SYRINGE SHAKER AS THE SUPPORTING MEDIA FOR METHOD OF DISSOLVED GAS TRANSFORMER OIL ANALYSIS Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo, Ratih Rachmatika, Agustinus Sudjono

Transportation Safety

ABS-65 (CSEV)

26



15:30-15:45

[ABS-66] EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR IMPROVING EFFICIENCY ON PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL USING PASSIVE COOLING AND FLOATING METHOD Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo, Abyan Habibie

Power Electronic

and Applications

ABS-66 (PEA)

15:45-16:00

[ABS-38] PLACEMENT STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC) FOR IMPROVING VOLTAGE STABILITY BASED ON SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF 500 KV JAVA-BALI ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo, Oktavian Listiyanto, Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim

Power Electronic

and Applications

ABS-38 (PEA)

16:00-16:15

[ABS-39] DESIGN CLOSE-LOOP CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR SPEED USING FUZZY LOGIC-PID METHOD IN SOLAR POWER WATER PUMP WITH MATLAB/SIMULINK Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo, Hari Maghfiroh, Arifian Tri Laksita

Power Electronic

and Applications

ABS-39 (PEA)

16:15-16:30

[ABS-48] Optimization of Multiphase Cascaded DC-DC Boost Converters Faris Hafizh Makarim; Bintang Antares; Arwindra Rizqiawan; Pekik Argo Dahono

Power Electronic

and Applications

ABS-48 (PEA)

16:30-16:45

[ABS-92] Magnetic Flux Modelling and Analysis of 120 kW Brushless DC Motor for Medium Bus Application Based with JMAG Syadila Refiasto, Farhan Hafiz Budisatrio, Jihad Furqani, Agus Purwadi


Motor and Machinery

ABS-92 (ESDMM)

16:45-17:00

[ABS-81] Magnetostatic simulation in a novel magnetorheological elastomer-based loudspeaker surround Kusuma Arum Dyana Kumara, Ubaidillah, Iwan Yahya, Gigih Priyandoko, Wibowo



ABS-81 (ESDMM)

17:00-17:15 [ABS-70] Performance Improvement of Axial Switched Reluctance Motor using Low-Cost Magnet Yoga Uta Nugraha, Dimas Anton Asfani, Dedet Candra Riawan, M. Nur Yuniarto



ABS-70 (ESDMM)

27

PARALLEL SESSION 3 SCHEDULE Date & Time : Wednesday, November 20, 2019, 13.25 – 15.00 Venue : Padang-padang 1 Meeting Room

Time Title and Author Topic Code 13:25-13:45 [ABS-89] Preparation of Kerosene Soot Carbon

Electrode and Its Application Nirwan Syarif, Dedi Rohendi, M. Ridho Prayogo

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-89 INVITED BTM 2

13:45-14.00 [ABS-52] Review of Solid State Battery Technology Progress Samuel Rahardian, Bentang Arief Budiman

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-52 (BTM)

14:00-14:15 [ABS-64] Battery Temperature Rate of Change Estimation by Using Machine Learning Engly Heryanto Ndaomanu, Irsyad Nashirul Haq, Edi Leksono, Brian Yuliarto

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-64 (BTM)

14:15-14:30 [ABS-69] Chaotic Behavior of Battery State of Health Steven Bandong, Endra Joelianto, Muhammad Ihsan

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-69 (BTM)

14:30-14:45 [ABS-71] Modelling and Optimization of Energy Range Extended Electric Bus Strategy Management System Using Dynamic Programming Gunawan D. Haryadi, Septian N.I. Pramaishella, Ismoyo Haryanto, Sigit P. Santosa

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-71 (BTM)

14:45-15:00 [ABS-82] Simulation Method for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Battery State of Charge and Energy Consumption Simulation based on Driving Cycle Christopher Fernaldy Kusuma, Bentang Arief Budiman, Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio

Battery Technology

and Management

ABS-82 (BTM)

28

Date & Time : Wednesday, November 20, 2019, 13.25 – 15.00 Venue : Padang-padang 2 Meeting Room


13:25-13:45

[ABS-90] Application of Intelligent Transportation System to Improve Transportation Safety Puguh Budi Prakoso


ABS-90 INVITED TS

13:45-14.00

[ABS-10] Prototyping of Bluetooth-Based Wireless Strain Measurement System for Freight Overload Prevention Abdul Hakim Masyhur, Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio, Bentang Arief Budiman, Arya Adhinugraha, Arista Eka Putra

Transportation Safety ABS-10 (TS)

14:00-14:15

[ABS-12] Road Crack Detection using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and OTSU Algorithm Yuslena Sari, Andrean Rezky Baskara, Puguh Budi Prakoso


14:15-14:30

[ABS-49] Analysis of The Relationship Between Accident, Speed and Volume (Case Study: Inter-City Highway Jasa Marga Surabaya-Gempol) Anton Budiharjo, Alfan Baharuddin, Fitria Nur Aeni


14:30-14:45

[ABS-54] The Effect of Air Gap on Braking Performance of Eddy Current Brakes on Electric Vehicle Braking Systems Mufti Reza Aulia Putra, Muhammad Nizam, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana, Hery Tri Waloyo


14:45-15:00 [ABS-56] Glassbead Test of Thermoplastic Types in Road Markings Reflection Level Agus Sahri, Anton Budiharjo, Cahya Putra Dinata, Haryo Praseto Rintyo Nugroho, Rio Riswanda


29

Date & Time : Wednesday, November 20, 2019, 13.25 – 15.00 Venue : Balangan 1 Meeting Room


13:25-13:45 [ABS-91] How Engineering Service Providers Can Support Local EV Development Stephan Brandl

Electric System, Drives, Motors and Machinery

ABS-91 INVITED

ESDMM 1 (AVL)

13:45-14.05 [ABS-98] Range Extender for Electric Bus Furqan Jadid


ABS-91 INVITED

ESDMM 2 (DAUN BIRU)

14:05-14:20 [ABS-6] Sensorless Control of Railway Traction Motor in The Energy Point of View Maghfiroh, H., Hermanu, C., Nizam, M.


ABS-6 (ESDMM)

14:20-14:35

[ABS-16] Novel Design of Four-Wheeler Electric vehicle with Semi-Autonomous Control System for Developing Countries Mohammad Zahirul Islam, Ali Ahsan,A.K.M.Waliuzzaman,Mohammad Abdul Hannan,Md Khalilur Rhaman,Md Saiful Islam


ABS-16 (ESDMM)

14:35-14:50

[ABS-84] A simple method to improve accuration of rotor position sensing for PMSM motor with hall effect position sensor using state observer Muhammad Ridwan


ABS-84 (ESDMM)

14:50-15:05

[ABS-83] Design of Five Stages Cockroft-Walton with Passive Filter Vicky Mudeng, Yun Tonce Kusuma Priyanto, Himawan Wicaksono, Vicky Andria Kusuma, Mohammad Muntaha


ABS-83 (ESDMM)

30

PARALLEL SESSION 4 SCHEDULE Date & Time : Wednesday, November 20, 2019, 15.30 – 17.00 Venue : Padang-padang 2 Meeting Room


15:30-15:45 [ABS-68] Finite Element Analysis of CRCP Slab Track Built with Active Crack Control System Puguh Budi Prakoso, Bernhard Lechner


15:45-16:00

[ABS-25] Simulation Study on Thermal Characteristics and Temperature Distribution of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack in Electric Trike Kristiawan Ariwibawa,Putu Handre Kertha Utama, Edi Leksono, Irsyad Nashirul Haq, Suprijanto


ABS-25 (CSEV)

16:00-16:15

[ABS-28] Battery Thermal Characteristics Estimation Using Finite Element Method Fadhlin Nugraha Rismi, Irsyad Nashirul Haq,Edi Leksono, F.X. Nugroho Soelami


ABS-28 (CSEV)

16:15-16:30

[ABS-63] Battery Discharging Temperature Prediction Using Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing Christio Revano Mege, Irsyad Nashirul Haq,Edi Leksono, F.X. Nugroho Soelami


ABS-63 (CSEV)

16:30-16:45

[ABS-95] Modelling of Field Orientation Control (FOC) Method in 120 kW Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) M. Rivandi Fadli, M. Mushthofa Musyasy, Jihad Furqani, Agus Purwadi

Electric System, Drives, Motor

and Machinery

ABS-95 (ESDMM)

16:45-17:00

[ABS-96] Comparison Power Consumption 125 Watts Pump by Using AC and DC Based on Solar Energy S. Sulistyo, Sri Nugroho, Ade Mukti Wibowo

Electric System, Drives, Motor

and Machinery

ABS-96 (ESDMM)

31

PLENARY ABSTRACT: Prof. Qing Zhou

Failure mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical loading

Qing Zhou School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, China

This talk will introduce failure mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical loading and modeling for predicting battery responses and failures. For pouch cells under out-of-plane indentation loads, mechanical damages of battery materials may lead to occurrence of internal short circuit and the mechanisms include fractures of the separators as well as interactions between the separators and the coating layers on the anodes. In the multi-layer structure of battery, the separator, cathode, anode, coating and electrolyte are all have different material behaviors, they influence each other and jointly determine the overall responses of battery cells, making the battery model and failure prediction challenging. These understandings would benefit battery protection against impact loading with consideration of lightweighting at vehicle level.

PLENARY ABSTRACT: Prof. Elham Sahraei

Homogenized modelling and failure characterization of Lithium-ion battery for electric vehicle application

Elham Sahraei

Temple University, USA

Lithium-ion batteries have been used extensively in the past decade in a variety of applications from portable devices to airplanes and electric vehicles. Battery packages used in electric vehicles experience dynamic loadings, shocks, and large deformations during normal operation as well as in a crash scenario. It is of paramount importance to battery manufacturers and the automotive industry to better understand how cells deform under such loadings and what conditions might damage a cell and lead to failure. This talk will focus on the experimental methods used to characterize material properties of lithium-ion batteries under large mechanical loading. Then using these materials for modeling crash response of batteries will be discussed. The models that will be discussed are capable of predicting profile of deformation and onset of short circuit in batteries in case of mechanical abusive loads.

32

PLENARY ABSTRACT: Prof. Simon Shepherd

A reflection on using product diffusion models in forecasting the electric vehicle market

Simon Shepherd Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK

In this paper, I reflect on the use of product diffusion models using a system dynamics approach in the forecasting of transition pathways around the uptake of electric vehicles. I look back at how realistic my previous work was for the UK given we now have 8 years of sales data. I find that the previous forecast was overly optimistic and after re-validating the model the forecast is for a weal uptake at best. I consider the different elements of uncertainty in the used models. There are uncertainties in terms of input parameters based on validation with limited sales data, uncertainty from assumed behavioural parameters within the product diffusion process and the choice model. Structural uncertainty in terms of assumed availability and finally structural uncertainty in terms of delay structure assumed in the typical models used to model fleet turn-over is considered. This last structure has important implications on the most optimistic transitions often in the minds of key stakeholders and policy makers. Finally, I look at the use of such a model in the electric scooter market for Bandung.

Keywords: system dynamics, transition pathways, modelling, policy

PLENARY ABSTRACT: Dr. Stephan Brandl

Development of an Integrated Axle for MD Trucks for Urban Distribution Traffic Jürgen Tochtermann1, Stephan Brandl2

1AVL Commercial Driveline & Tractor Engineering GmbH, Steyr, Austria 2AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria

The need for zero emission transport solutions in urban areas is strongly driven by topics like local air pollution, noise emissions as well as global CO2 reduction and public pressure. One solution for this demand are battery electric vehicles with the focus to provide emission free urban transportation combined with lowest total cost of ownership and consequently a positive business case for the end customers. Requirements and approaches to achieve this important goal are discussed in this paper.

Keywords: electrification, e-axle, cooling, powertrain integration

33

PLENARY ABSTRACT: Prof. Kikuo Kishimoto

Multi-Material Structures and Mechanics of Materials Research

Kikuo Kishimoto Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Modern machines and structures are composed of various types of materials to realize required various demands. Multi-material structures become common and effective design methodology needs to be developed to treat complex problem of multi-materials design. In order to satisfy the design requirements and ensure the safety and reliability, it is important to understand the mechanical characteristics of materials to be employed. Bi-material system is basic element in multi-material structures and the performance of this system strongly depends on the strength of interface. Understanding the interface strength is crucial issue. In this presentation, several mechanics of material researches relating to multi-material structures are presented such as characterization and modeling of the mechanical behaviors of the materials which are used for automobile components. The materials studied are the aluminum alloys and polymer materials and their performances are investigated under impact loading and repeated loading. Various approaches of interfacial mechanics are also reviewed. Molecular dynamic approach, singular stress approach, energy release rate approach and cohesive zone model approach are introduced and their characteristics are examined. As an example of multi-material structures, multilayer structures composed of adhesive layer is picked up. Several testing methods for adhesive films are presented such as adhesion test, peeling test, Nano-indentation test and probe tach test. The characteristic parameters such as energy release rate is examined.

PLENARY ABSTRACT: Prof. Masaki Omiya

Fracture and Strength of Advanced High Strength Steels for Car Body Structure

Masaki Omiya Keio University, Japan

Recently, Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSSs) have been widely applied to the body parts in automobile industry. AHSSs have high tensile strength but poor ductility. Many researches about the fracture prediction of AHSSs have been carried out and the prediction scheme for crack initiation and propagation based on numerical simulation have been successfully developed. In this presentation, the research activity of AHSSs in JSAE Structure & Strength Committee and the design approach based on load path theory for protecting occupants and batteries during side impact will be introduced.

34

PLENARY ABSTRACT: Ir. Sigit P. Santosa, MSME, Sc.D., IPU

International Collaboration Initiative: A Case Study In The Research For Future Mobility And Integrated Transportation

Sigit Puji Santosa1,2

1National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Indonesia 2Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia

Research in future mobility and integrated transportation has become increasingly important to resolve critical issues in national economic development. The mobility is a key component for economic growth. The mastery of technology in transportation field can potentially leverage the national economic development. The future mobility technology covers several challenging multidisciplinary subjects, such as vehicle electrification, autonomous vehicle, lightweight mass transport, sustainable energy, and transit oriented development. This advanced technology development requires strong support from the university, government, industry, and community to form a sustainable innovation ecosystem. To speed up advanced technology acquisition and implementation, strong research collaboration is urgently required. National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT) has initiated several international research collaborations focusing on the future mobility, electric vehicle (EV), and mass transport development. International collaborations on the future mobility and integrated transportation are established with three key components: 1) development of breakthrough technology, policy, and business, 2) development of international network, 3) support for research funding.

NCSTT has established research collaboration with Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to resolve Lithium-ion based battery safety issue, which is one of the critical issue in the electric vehicle. The development of novel materials for electric vehicle and mass transport superstructures such as ultra-high strength steel, aluminum space frame technology, hybrid/composite structure, and lattice structures are also conducted by NCSTT, with collaboration with University of Oxford and university of Cambridge, respectively. NCSTT also collaborates with China institutions such as Tsinghua University for autonomous driving and Beijing Jiaotong University for high speed railway development. Together with University of Tokyo and Tokyo Institute of Technology, NCSTT initiates collaboration for developing strategy and implementation of the Transit Oriented Development (TOD) as well as integrated transportation curriculum to prepare human resources in future mobility and transportation. Besides those higher education institutions, NCSTT also establishes strong ecosystem with many local and global companies for technological implementation such as Mitsubishi, Hyundai, Toyota, Honda, JR East, and China Railway. In running the collaboration, research funding plays important role to assure strong financial support. NCSTT obtains various research funding from Indonesian government via ministry of research and technology, LPDP, and also from international agencies such as USAID, Royal Academy of Engineering, China Ministry of Science and Technology. All of these collaborations can only be done due to mutual trust and respect between NCSTT and industries. The strong collaboration between university, industry, and government is established to ensure program sustainability in the future mobility and integrated transportation

35

ABSTRACT LIST: PARALLEL SESSION 1, Padang-padang 1 Meeting Room

[ABS-29] Development of Active Cell to Cell Battery Balancing System for Electric Vehicle

Applications

Edi Leksono1, Irsyad Nashirul Haq2, Endang Juliastuti3, Lalu Ghifarul Zaky Fahran4, Fahri Muhamad Nabhan5

1,2,3,4,5Department of Engineering Physics Institut Teknologi Bandung

Bandung, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

[email protected]

[email protected] [email protected]

[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract

As of right now the development of electric vehicles is very rapid. This is supported by the transition from vehicles with fuel oil to electricity, the development of increasingly widespread electric vehicles, and the production of increasingly cheap batteries. Generally, the battery used is a lithium-ion battery. But over time, the quality of the lithium-ion battery will be degraded so that the battery quality is not as early as its use. The causes of battery degradation are unbalanced cell in the battery pack. To overcome this problem, a reliable battery management system (BMS) is needed. In the design of the BMS to prevent the imbalance of the proposed battery voltage using the active method from cell to cell battery. BMS uses a microprocessor to process battery data, a microcontroller to control battery connecting switches, and a DC-DC converter circuit as well as a switched capacitor (SC). From the proposed design BMS is able to monitor the voltage of each battery directly, able to store automatic data on the database in the microprocessor, able to set the switch connected between the highest voltage battery to the lowest voltage battery, able to balance the battery with a voltage difference between batteries up to 0.0032 V, able to increase the capacity of the battery pack compared to the system without a balancing system up to 130 mAh , and the balancing system can increase the energy of the battery pack compared to the system without a balancing system to 10.363 Wh or 6.88%

Keywords: Lithium ion battery, active cell balancing, battery management system, electric vehicle

Topic: Battery Technology and Management System

36

[ABS-13] Improved Ionic Conductivity of Li-Rich Li1.2Ni0.64Co0.08Mn0.08O2 (LNCM811) by

NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) Coating

Muhammad Alief Irham1, Putu Hendra1, Octia Floweri2, Akfiny H. Aimon1,2, Ferry Iskandar1,2,3*

1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

2Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

3National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia *[email protected]

Abstract

LiNixMnyCozO2 (LNCM) with a high Li content (Li-rich LNCM) is a promising new type of cathode material for lithium ion battery (LIB) application. Li-rich LNCM has been reported to deliver higher specific capacity (>250 mAh/g) compared to LNCM cathode with standard Li content. Despite its outstanding performance, some works have reported instability of the material upon cycling. Many researchers have been suggesting the use of carbon, oxide, fluoride, and phosphate compounds as a coating material to improve its stability. In this work, Li1.2Ni0.64Co0.08Mn0.08 (LNCM811), a type of Li-rich LNCM cathode, was successfully synthesized via hydroxide co-precipitation method. The resulted product was then coated with NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP), a promising phosphate compound with excellent chemical stability and superior ionic conductivity. It was found that NTP-coated LNCM811 delivered better electrochemical properties compared to the pristine one, as was determined using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

Keywords: Lithium ion battery (LIB), LNCM cathode, Li-rich LNCM, surface coating, NaTi2(PO4)3


37

[ABS-14] Reducing Synthesis Time of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) Cathode Material in Wet

Chemical Process by Microwave Heat Treatment

Putu Hendra Widyadharma1, Muhammad Alief1, Tirta R. Mayangsari2, Octia Floweri3, Akfiny H. Aimon1,4, Ferry Iskandar1,3,4*


2Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia

3Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

4National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia *[email protected]

Abstract

LiNi1-x-yCoxAlyO2 (NCA) is a commonly used material as a cathode in the latest generation of lithium-ion battery (LIB). NCA is a material that practically delivers high specific capacity (~200 mAh.g-1) with excellent electronic and ionic conductivity. Thanks to its extraordinary properties, NCA is projected to be used widely in the future generation of electric vehicles (EVs). Despite its advantages, its long synthesis time at high temperature is one of the problems that hamper its industrial mass production. Herein, we develop a new synthesis method by involving microwave-assisted heat treatment to reduce synthesis time and thus improve energy efficiency. In this work, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) was successfully synthesized by using chemical co-precipitation method followed by microwave-assisted heat treatment. The resulted materials were then characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). It was revealed that 15 minutes of microwave heating was able to cut 50% of 12 h total heating time in the process of NCA synthesis marked with the successfully formed crystalline structure of NCA. Besides, NCA that was synthesized via microwave heating showed better electrochemical performance than NCA synthesized using a conventional method, indicated by a decrease of Rct.

Keywords: Lithium ion battery (LIB), cathode material, NCA, microwave-assisted heating


38

[ABS-15] Synthesis of Exfoliated Graphene as Anode Material using a Modified

Electrochemical Process

Oktaviardi B. Abdillah1, Ferry Iskandar1,2*, Tirta R. Mayangsari3, Akfiny H. Aimon1,2, Lia Destiarti4


2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia 3Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta, 12220, 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura,

Pontianak Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Due to its excellent properties, such as superior electrical conductivity and large surface area, graphene has been extensively studied for its application as anode material for lithium battery application. Graphene fabrication via the electrochemical exfoliation route is promising due to the low-cost and straightforward process. Herein, we added a pre-treatment of graphite sheet raw material using the immersion process in H2SO4/H2O2 mixture to pre-intercalate graphite before the exfoliation process. Pre-treatment time in the constant H2SO4/H2O2 volume ratio was optimized to obtain the best electrical conductivity and charge transfer resistance. On the prepared samples, the optimum period is 3 minutes, which generates the electrical conductivity of 3298 S m-1. The smallest charge transfer resistance yielded is 55.90 Ohm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy were utilized for characterizing the morphology and elemental composition of samples.

Keywords: Charge transfer resistance, electrical conductivity, electrochemical exfoliation, graphene, pre-treatment


39

[ABS-20] Low Cost Charging Station for Electric Vehicle: Design and Prototyping

Maghfiroh, H.1, Ibrahim, H.1,Hermanu, C.1,2, Nizam, M.1,2*

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Electric vehicles are widely used because of their advantages over internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle such as low emission and environment friendly. In Indonesia, electric vehicles have begun to be marketed and developed. One of the weaknesses of electric vehicles in Indonesia is the limited availability of charger stations. For this reason, this research proposes the design and prototyping of low cost charger station. The charging station equipped with keypad to input how much power that will be purchased and an LCD to monitor the status. This station can be used to charge both electric car and electric motorcycle/ bicycle. Prototype has been built and tested to charge Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) car both for normal charging and fast charging with satisfactory results.

Keywords: Electric vehicle, EV, charging, station


40

[ABS-26] Modeling and Simulation of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Using Modified Battery Cell Model

Meilisa Dewi Kharisma1,*, Arinata Fatchun Ilmiawan2, Saiful Rizal2, Muhammad Ridwan2, Ferdaus Ario Nurman2

1Engineering Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2Technology Development, PT LEN, Soekarno-Hatta 442, Bandung 40254, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The equivalent circuit of lithium-ion battery cell has been presented in some research to model a state of charge (SOC) and battery cell electrical behaviour. The equivalent circuit was built from an open circuit voltage, two resistor-capasitor parallel networks, and a series internal resistance. In several applications, some battery cells are connected in series-parallel configuration to produce a battery pack with specified voltage and capacity. In this paper, a modified battery cell model is used to represent the battery pack dynamics. The battery pack is assumed to be balanced on both series and parallel side. The model then validated by comparing simulation results between battery pack model and battery cells that connected in series-parallel configuration. Simulation results shows small difference between the two models.

Keywords: Lithium-ion battery, battery pack model, battery cell model, state of charge, parallel-seri configuration


41


[ABS-8] An Input-to-State Stable Implementation of Event-Triggered CBTC

Tua A. Tamba and Yul Y. Nazaruddin

National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

CBTC (communication-based train control) is a new train control technology which aims at managing a platoon of several trains to move simultaneously on a particular train segment through precise maintenance of a predetermined inter-train safe distance. The success of the CBTC technology implementation thus relies strongly on the availability of dedicated real-time communication systems which can accommodate the continuous data/information exchange/transmission among neighboring trains. With an objective of reducing both the computational effort and the communication network loads/traffics in such a CBTC implementation, this paper proposes a Lyapunov-based event-triggered control scheduling approach which can guarantee the input-to-state stability property of the closed loop CBTC system.

Keywords: CBTC, event triggering, input-to-state stability, Lyapunov method

Topic: Control System

42

[ABS-32] Estimation of Received Signal Power 5G-Railway Communication Systems

Selvi Lukman1, Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin1,2, Bo Ai3*, Ruisi He3, Endra Joelianto1,2

1Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

3State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic, Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University

*[email protected]

Abstract

This paper presents the estimation of received power signal based on the Support Vector Regression (SVR). The simulated datasets are used, which contain the positions of transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx), the distance between the TX and RX, and the corresponding path loss, and the carrier frequencies. SVR presents the accuracy estimation of simulated datasets computing which shows Mean Square Error (MSE) as the average value of estimation errors that are squared, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as another parameter for measuring the accuracy of a estimation as a root value of MSE Average Root also R² as the coefficient of determination tool for measuring how far the ability of the model in explaining some variations in the dependent variable. If the value of R² approaches one, it means that predictive results can follow variable patterns or variations well dependent. Cross Validation is a performance measurement. The aim is to find the best hyper-parameter combination so that machine learning can predict data accurately and prevent over-fitting problems. Optimal parameter values are determined by using the Grid Search Method, where machine learning will do modeling using the range C ɤ and ɛ given. Therefore, SVR Hyper-Parameter shows the most optimized parameter with C which affects the penalty given when there is an error in classification, Gamma that affects the pace of learning process, Epsilon indicates the error limit than can be ignored. The parameter values that produce the highest accuracy or the smallest error will be chosen as the best parameter.

Keywords: Estimation Machine Learning, Path Loss, Received Power Signal, SVR, 5G-R


43

[ABS-50] Implementation of Motion Cueing and Motor Position Control for Vehicle Simulator with 4-DOF-

Platform

Achmad Indra Aulia1, Monika Faswia Fahmi1, Hilwadi Hindersah1,2, Arief Syaichu Rohman1, Egi Muhammad Idris Hidayat1

1Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

Vehicle simulator is used for various purposes, mainly driver training and vehicle model test. One of the most important part of vehicle simulator is motion simulator which simulates the vehicle motion. This part makes the user feel the motion sensation given by the real vehicle even though the user is in the simulator platform. The motion simulator itself consists of several subsystems: user interface, dynamic model calculation, motion cueing, and platform control system. This paper explains the implementation and its result of designed motion cueing and the motor position control which is a part of platform control system. The design is implemented on vehicle simulator in Institut Teknologi Bandung which has 4 degrees of freedom for its motion (pitch, roll, sway, and surge). The implemented motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is model predictive control (MPC), an optimization-based motion cueing algorithm. Sliding mode control (SMC) with saturation function is implemented for position control of the motor to solve nonlinear load torque disturbance which appear from a static behaviour when the platform rotates on pitch motion. From the motion cueing result, it can be inferred that MPC-based MCA can track the motion sensation of the real vehicle, especially for the surge and sway motion. For pitch and roll sensation, reference signals with lower frequency yield worse results compared to the signals with higher frequency ones. Meanwhile, from the motor position control result, it can be concluded that SMC with saturation function can track the position reference according to the calculation of motion cueing.

Keywords: Vehicle simulator, motion cueing, model predictive control, sliding mode control, nonlinear load torque


44

[ABS-51] Real-Time Image Processing Method Using Raspberry Pi for a Car Model

Mochammad Ariyanto1,2*, Ismoyo Haryanto1,2, Joga D. Setiawan1,2, M. Munadi1, M. Sri Radityo1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a car model that can detect edge, line, and corner of the road and also the model can detect the red color of a traffic light. The car model is equipped with a camera that is used for computer vision purpose. The image comes from a camera is read by using Raspberry Pi single board computer. The algorithms for image processing method are selected to detect edge, line, corner and traffic light of the road model. The algorithms are developed in Simulink diagram block and embedded into Raspberry Pi using Simulink Support Package for Raspberry Pi Hardware. The embedded algorithms for detecting line, edge, corner and red color of traffic light will be tested. The test will be conducted in real time mode. Based on the test results, the embedded image processing algorithms can successfully detect line, edge, and corner of the road image, and it can detect the red color of traffic light image.

Keywords: image processing; Raspberry Pi; real time; car model


45

[ABS-53] Added Mass and Drag Prediction Using CFD Fluent Simulation for an Autonomous Barge

Parameters

Numan Amri Maliky, Mochamad Teguh Subarkah, Syarif Hidayat

Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract

While a barge is operating, there are hydrodynamics forces influencing motion of the barge. To create an autonomous barge, there are some parameters that must be obtained. There are many methods to generate data for these parameters, such as experiment and computational simulation. CFD method is the best way to obtain the parameters. Besides having a high level of accuracy, CFD method doesn’t require expensive cost compared to the experimental method.

Keywords: added mass, drag, control, autonomous, hydrodynamic, computational fluid dynamics, simulation, barge


46

[ABS-58] Using Particle Swarm and Brain Storm Optimization for Predicting Bus Arrival Time

Imam B. Mores1, Muhammad Fauzan1, Yul Y. Nazaruddin1,2*, and Parsaulian I. Siregar1

1Instrumentation and Control Research Group, Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, CRCS Building, 2nd floor, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Brain Storm Optimization (BSO) are alternative methods to find out the optimized solution of a non-linear equation. This paper will discuss the application of both methods to find out the weight of neurons from Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) technique, which is used in predicting the bus arrival time at the bus stop. Comparison of the performance from both methods will also be made. After the modeling, training and testing of the proposed algorithm, the RMSE value produced from ANFIS which was trained by the PSO testing was 0.8145, and if it was trained by BSO was 0.8352. These results also conclude that the ANFIS with PSO algorithm yields better predicting bus arrival time better rather than ANFIS BSO in this case

Keywords: Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System, bus arrival time, Brain Storm Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization


47

ABSTRACT LIST: PARALLEL SESSION 1, Balangan 1 Meeting Room

[ABS-87] Electric scooter use: Lessons from Asian cities, prospects and challenges for Indonesia

Chandra Balijepalli Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, UK

Abstract

This paper reviews the electric scooter (motorcycle) use in three countries viz., China, Taiwan and Vietnam and identifies the prospects for Indonesia. This review is based on published information in scientific journals and the prospects projected for Indonesia are based on a collective learning experience from other countries rather than as a result of the implementation of policy. Towards the end of twentieth century, several Chinese cities have implemented regulatory measures such as suspending issuance of new licences, banning the entry of motorcycles/scooters to city centres, capping/auctioning of licence plates. These regulatory measures created favourable conditions for the promotion of electric scooters in Chinee cities. Weak enforcement of standards also helped the electric scooter market further which resulted in a boom in their numbers from a mere 56000 in 1998 to 21million in just 10 years. However the policy at regional level is inconsistent which makes the future of electric scooter uncertain in China. Taiwan made a conscious effort persistently over a number of decades to promote electric scooters firstly to sustain the oil shock and then to improve the air quality in their cities. Instead of adopting a regulatory approach, they relied on subsidies as a strategy to promote e-scooters which was quite successful as the sales went up by 8.79 times (779% increase) from 1500 in 1998 to 13000 vehicles in year 2000. However, inconsistent quality and inadequate maintenance quickly dampened e-scooter sales that led to the suspension of the subsidy programme. In 2009 Taiwan revived the promotion again by addressing three key issues identified – cruise range/long charging time, durability of battery/high running cost and nationwide recharging network. Vietnam has a high motorcycle population (>90% of total number of vehicles) and can potentially benefit from adopting e-scooters to reduce the air pollution. A stated preference experiment found that consumers are highly sensitive to fuel prices though they discount the fuel cost savings at much higher rates (up to 40%) due to the uncertainty involved. Superior technology of e-scooters is valued at VND 10 million which implies that if better technology is delivered at cheaper prices, the adoption rate will significantly improve. Finally consumers are willing to pay VND 1.64 million to avoid a sales tax of one million. This equates to reducing the recharge time by 3.5h or increasing the range by 90km. Thus incentivising the consumers is likely to help boosting the e-scooter sales by a significant margin. Learning from the experience, Indonesia may develop an appropriate strategy to launch their e-scooter programme which is balanced between incentivising the consumers/manufacturers/ charging station operators and regulatory measures such as phasing out polluting internal combustion engines by raising the emission standards. Significant adoption rate in Indonesia will improve the air quality in Indonesian cities.

Keywords: Electric scooter, suitable development, air quality

Topic: EV Socio-Economical Impact

48

[ABS-31] A Study of the Passenger Expectations of the Public Transportation Service in the City of

Martapura

Iphan Fitrian Radam, Puguh Budi Prakoso*, Utami Sylvia Lestari

Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

To improve the public transportation service in the city of Martapura, the expectations from the side of the users are required to know. These factors are essential because a good public transportation service according to the passenger expectations will encourage the users to utilize more public transportation. Therefore, this study has goals to understand the factors of choosing public transportation (bus) from the user expectations, to investigate the lack of the service and performance of the existing public transportation and to find a solution of improving public transportation service in the city of Martapura. Partial Least Square (PLS) method was employed to perform data analysis of a questionnaire survey from the passengers. The study demonstrates that the most important factors expected by the passengers are schedule and waiting time, fare system, safety, environmental impact, mode’s integration and connection, driver attitude, vehicle performance and capacity, access and performance of the bus stops, passenger comfort and information.

Keywords: passenger expectation, public transport, PLS


49

[ABS-33] Comparison of ANN and Multinomial Logit for Prediction of Mode Choice between Online

Transportations and Private Vehicles

Puguh Budi Prakoso, Yuslena Sari, Iphan Fitrian Radam, Najmi Fahrina

Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The presence of online transportation modes is a manifestation of the rapid development of information technology, especially smartphone and apps technology. Because of the critical issues of safety, service quality assurance and effectiveness of load factor to its capacity, online transportations in Indonesia cannot be classified and regulated as public transportation. The main function of online transportation is actually as a short distance feeder to public transportation. Unfortunately, because the public transportation is not adequate, so the online transportation functions slowly become informal public transportation mode. This in the future can cause problems in a city, especially when the increasing number of online transportations will rise the vehicle traffic together with private vehicles. To understand and prevent this problem becoming bigger in the near future, the mode choice between private vehicles and online transportations requires to be studied first. The purpose of this research is to obtain a reliable model of modal choice between private vehicles and online transportation by comparing the multinomial logit (MNL) probability method with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), to study the accuracy of the performance of the two models for the mode selection between private vehicles and online transportation, and to evaluate the socio-economic factors underlying the mode choice between private vehicles and online transportation in the city areas of Banjarmasin and Banjarbaru.

Keywords: mode choice, multinomial logit probability method, ANN, online transportation


50

[ABS-19] Estimating the uptake of electric motorcycles in Bandung city using discrete choice modelling

methods

Muhammad Farda1, Simon Shepherd2, Chandra Balijepalli2, Romain Crastes dit Sourd2, Tryas Praesha1, Harun Alrasyid Lubis1

1Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia 2University of Leeds, UK

Abstract

Transportation sector has been the main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions globally and is more significant in emerging economies where the vehicle growth is very high. Immediate as well as long term strategic measures need to be developed and implemented to tackle the growing problem. Indonesia is a country with high vehicle population particularly dominated by gasoline motorcycles. The Indonesian government has acknowledged the problem and been formulating policies to support vehicle electrification as the way ahead. A joint Indonesian industry and research institution has been designing an electric motorcycle to promote the policy on vehicle electrification. However, the question emerges whether electric motorcycles can compete with gasoline motorcycles in Indonesia. This study assesses the uptake of electric motorcycle in Indonesia, particularly in Bandung city which is the 3rd most populous city in the country. This study designed a bespoke stated preference survey questionnaire to capture the preferences of the users and analysed data using discrete choice methods. In particular, three models, namely multinomial logit, mixed logit and hybrid logit are used to assess the share of electric motorcycles. This study contributes to the literature by adding new charging methods, namely plug-in and battery swap, either at home / office parking or charging station. In addition, this study measures the importance of electric motorcycle attributes, such as purchase price, operational cost, maximum speed and range per charging, and estimates the marginal willingness to pay. An understanding on factors influencing electric motorcycle uptake will be beneficial for manufacturers to improve the performance of electric motorcycles. Moreover, the policy makers will also benefit by knowing which aspects of electric motorcycle they need to support for it to reach a high penetration. The outcomes of choice models feed into a system dynamic diffusion model which considers broader factors affecting the electric motorcycle uptake over a period of time which is presented in a separate paper.

Keywords: Electric Motorcycle, Choice Modelling, Stated Preference


51

[ABS-21] Investigating Factors to Support Electric Scooter Uptake: The Case of Bandung City

Simon Shepherd2, Tryas Praesha1, Chandra Balijepalli2, Muhammad Farda1

1Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Institut Teknologi Bandung 2Institute for Transport Studies University of Leeds

Abstract

The negative impact of air pollution resulted from transportation sector gives a strong signal to many countries, including Indonesia, in order to deliver less polluting and more energy efficient modes of transport. Indonesia is the one of the highest greenhouse gas emitters in the world with progressive growth of gasoline cars and motorcycles sales over the years. Indonesian government has identified the problem and has been planning to support the implementation of Electric Vehicles (EV). One new local electric scooter manufacturer named GESITS has been developing the electric scooter in response to the Indonesian government’s plan of vehicle electrification. The question then arises as to what sort of policy required to foster the electric vehicles introduction to the market and to make the uptake self-sustaining. This study reports on system dynamics model-based study of factors which may influence demand for electric vehicles with Bandung City as the study area. The core of this paper is system dynamic model, which enable us to identify significant factors to get successful diffusion of Electric Scooters taking into account the complexity of several interrelated elements. The model used in this study builds on system dynamic work by Struben and Sterman (2008) and extends it with similar approach done by Shepherd et al (2012) to allow analysis of the Bandung market. This study contributes to past literature since none of them studied the diffusion model for electric scooters. We show that certain attributes such as price and range have a decent impact on take-up under business as usual case if we set them as dynamic value that affected by cumulative experience instead of fixed value, while subsidies have little impact on take-up. We introduce a conditional marketing scenario and tests the impact of policies such as removal of fuel subsidies and instead adding a fuel tax on gasoline motorcycle, as well as impact of vehicle attribute factors such as charging method to tip the market into successful trajectory. This study explored the sensitivity of the results to assumptions on reference rate of social exposure, average scooter life, and word of mouth. The results of this study have significant policy implications that will benefit policy makers

Keywords: electric scooter, system dynamics


52

[ABS-22] Acceptance of Electric Vehicle in Indonesia: Case Study in Bandung

Eko Agus Prasetio1,2, Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan1,2, Lely Trianti Anggarini1*, Dita Novizayanti1,2 , Safrani Nurfatiasari1,

1School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

2National Center of Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

This research aims to comprehend how public electric vehicle is preferred among other transportation modes namely shuttle bus, public bus, private motorcycle, and private car, specifically for long-range (approximately more than 20 km) daily commuting. Data collection process is conducted using questionnaire-based survey that is divided into three sections: Stated-Preferences (SP), Sociodemographics (SD) characteristics, and statement evaluations (SE). SP includes eight sets of selected labelled experiments with several attributes: travel time, travel cost, waiting time, access and egress time, access and egress cost, frequency, congestion time, and parking cost. Information on age, gender, and income are compiled in the SD section. The experimental design is developed using NGENE with a D-efficient design. We manage to gather 333 respondents and each of them corresponds to the 8 scenarios presented. Thus, a total of 2664 observations are acquired for further analysis in the light of travel mode choice behavior. An open source Python package, Biogeme, is used for the choice modeling analysis. Biogeme is designed for the maximum likelihood estimation of parametric models in general, with a special emphasis on discrete choice models. In this study, multinomial logit (MNL) modeling techniques is used as it is common in transportation research. There are 39 parameters (K= 39) used in the study comprised of four alternative specific constant (ASC): ASC1 for public electric vehicle (PEV), ASC3 for public bus (PB), ASC4 for private motorcycle (PM), and ASC5 for private car (PC); eight coefficients (beta) for each PB, PEV, and SH comprised of access and egress (AE), access and egress cost (AEcost), congestion time (Ctime), frequency (Freq), travel time (Ttime), waiting time (Wtime), emission level, and vibration and noise level; five coefficients for each PM and PC comprised of congestion time, parking cost, travel time, emission, and vibration; and a generic coefficient of travel cost. This result indicates that Indonesian commuters are sensitive to congestion time, travel time, and travel cost in all transportation modes except public bus; and to vibration and noise level only in public transportations. Emission level in public transportations is more concerning for the commuters that in private transportations. Frequency of public transportations are unimportant and parking cost only matters to private car users.

Keywords: Electric vehicles; transportation; choice model; SP survey; Indonesia


53


[ABS-88] Implementation of Rollover Test in Indonesia, Based on UN ECE-R66 Regulation

Yogi Adi Wijaya, Listiawan Agus Susanto, Stefan Arman*

CV. Karoseri Laksana, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Bus transportation is the largest mass transportation in Indonesia. But, that’s contrary to the low safety aspect, especially in rollover accident which is most dangerous accident and caused the most fatalities. Based on the number of rollover accident in Indonesia from 2015 – 2018, an average of 10 - 15 people died, and 30 people injury from this accident. So, that makes Laksana is commitment to the safety aspect by developing the rollover computational simulation and rollover actual testing. The bus rollover test, refer to UN ECE-R66 regulation which has been used in Europe and most countries in the world. This regulation also has not even been implemented in Indonesia, so Laksana is a pioneer bus industry in adopting this regulation for evaluating our bus design, increasing the safety aspect, and expanding the export market. The type of UN ECE-R66 testing that we used in this study are full bus rollover simulation using Finite Element Analysis, and the section bus rollover test (as the validation from FEA simulation). FEA simulation for rollover crash, used a 12 m coach bus design with full condition of 35 passengers. Then, the bus is rotated at a slope of 36 degrees and tilted at height of 800 mm from the ground. The results of Laksana bus simulation are successful with side frame and roof component didn’t touch the residual space, during the rollover process. This simulation results have also been validated by evaluating the energy balance graph and compared to the energy calculation from UN ECE-R66 regulation. The energy difference between calculation and FEA simulation is 9.007 %. Laksana also using the another validation method using section bus rollover test, with the front section model of the coach bus that had been previously simulated. Before testing, Laksana evaluated the mass and rollover angle at the maximum CoG and prepared a FEA simulation of bus front section for additional validation. The results of the actual bus section testing are successful, and better than the bus front section FEA simulation.

Keywords: Laksana, rollover test, safety aspect, UN ECE R-66, FEA simulation, section test

Topic: EV Body, Chassis, and Platform

54

[ABS-18] Side Collision Analysis of Electric Bus using Finite Element Method

Ojo Kurdi1,2*, Djoeli Satrijo1, Ismoyo Haryanto1,2, Agus Suprihanto1, Shukri Yob3, Iqbal Taufiqurrahman1

1Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 2National Center of Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

3Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Melaka (UTEM), Melaka, Malaysia

*[email protected]

Abstract

At present the bus is a means of transportation which is believed to be able to overcome the problem of mass transportation and is expected to reduce the density of traffic flow. The reality in the field of traffic accidents involving buses often occurs, including buses that have slips, rolled over, collided with other vehicles or fellow buses from the front, rear and side, and so on. The choice of material in the frame structure must be considered, where the material must have characteristics that are light, strong against impact, because it will experience static and dynamic loading. This is intended so that there is no structural failure at any time. In this study, a side crash simulation was carried out on the frame structure of a medium-sized electric bus using 3 different types of material. The first material is the standard material of JIS 3445 STKM 13A. Then after simulating with a safe standard material, a simulation with alternative materials is carried out namely Aluminum 6005A T6 and Aluminum 6061 T6. The choice of alternative materials aims to reduce the weight of the vehicle and still pay attention to the security factor in the form of residual space. In the three types of simulated materials, the Baja JIS 3445 STKM 13A material weighs 2456 Kg, displaces 96.72 mm and voltage 215.5 MPa. Then the material of Aluminum 6005A T6 has a weight of 1122 Kg, displacement of 109.8 mm, and a voltage of 230.5 MPa. While the material of Aluminum 6061 T6 has a weight of 941.9 kg, displacement of 103 mm, and voltage of 270.5 MPa. From the results of the simulations that have been made, the recommendations for the material that can be used on a medium size electric bus are Aluminum 6061 T6.

Keywords: Electric Bus, Side Collision, Superstucture, Residual Space, Alternative Material


55

[ABS-24] Energy Consumption Simulation and Analysis of Rear-Driven Electric Bus with Regenerative

Braking

Metha Islameka1*, Irsyad Nashirul Haq2,3, Edi Leksono2, Brian Yuliarto2

1Graduate Student at Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung 2Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung

3National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology. Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The Indonesian government plans to change the Transjakarta bus into an electric bus. Therefore, we analyze the energy consumption of rear-drive electric buses with regenerative braking to estimate the specifications of the electric motor and the batteries needed for one cycle of driving. BYD C6 and ITB electric buses will be compared using the driving cycle in the Transjakarta corridor 1 (Kota—Blok M). Transjakarta corridor 1 driving cycle data is collected several times to get varied driving cycles. The electric bus energy consumption model was created using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation is conducted by using the data bus specifications of BYD C6 and ITB. The results show that BYD C6 electric buses have more SOC battery remaining in one cycle of driving due to a larger amount of battery charge. However, ITB electric bus can recover more energy from the regenerative braking system due to the larger motor specifications.

Keywords: Energy Consumption, Mathematical Modeling, Regenerative Braking, Energy Recovery, Electric Bus


56

[ABS-93] Design and Prototyping of an Electric City Car for Two Passengers

Munadi1*, Ismoyo Haryanto1,2, Mochammad Ariyanto1,2, Joga Dharma Setiawan1,2, Urip Kurniawan1, M. Beny Dwifa1

1Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Land transport has contributed to air pollution that occurs. This forced the car manufacturers to improve the quality of their products in order to pass the exhaust emissions standards. In addition to exhaust emissions, the limited source of vehicle fuel energy is the reason some researchers develop electric cars. This article conveys the results of research on prototyping an electric city car for two passengers with wheel hub motor type configuration as our research pilot project related to electric cars. The data acquisition aids made are equipped with a LabVIEW-based human-machine interface that makes it easier for researchers to monitor the consumption of electric cars in real-time. Based on the design process, manufacture, until testing, the value of drag coefficient is 0.42; testing for curb-weight is 510 kg; maximum speed is 75.3 km/hour; the maximum power is 3.03 kW at 602 rpm wheel speed; and the maximum torque is 50.8 Nm at a wheel speed of 516 rpm. For the state of charge, this prototype of an electric city car is capable of traveling up to 42.4 km from 100% to 20% SOC.

Keywords: electric city car, wheel hub motor, human machine interface


57

[ABS-1] Machining Simulation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Finite Element Method (FEM)

Andi Idhil Ismail1,2*, Gusti Umindya Nur Tajalla3

1Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM 15, Balikpapan, Indonesia

2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Indonesia 3Material and Metallurgy, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Jl. Soekarno Hatta KM 15, Balikpapan,

Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Machining of titanium alloys remains a challenging task due to its low thermal conductivity and other inheritance properties. This phenomenon often causes the reduction of tool life, increasing production cost and time. Several factors play role in determining the tool life such as cutting speed, feed, chip formation, and tool geometry. The current work investigates the effect of tool geometry and feed to the cutting temperature, force, and chip formation. Finite element method (FEM) is implemented to model orthogonal cutting process in the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). We use Johnson-Cook (J-C) material constitutive model and Johnson-Cook (J-C) fracture-damage model to simulate the process. Our results demonstrate that at the rake angle of 0° the cutting force and cutting temperature reach maximum value of 490 °C. The temperature decreases to around 370 °C if the cutting rake angle changes to 10°. Feed seems to have low impact in the temperature. The effect of feed and rake angle is more pronounced in the cutting force.

Keywords: Ti-6Al-4V; Machining; Finite Element Method

Topic: Lightweight Structure

58

[ABS-36] Sandwich Panel Composite Based Light-Weight Structure Design for Reserved Energy Storage

System (RESS) Protection

Daniel Irawan1*, Sigit Puji Santosa1,2, Annisa Jusuf1,2, Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro1,2

1Faculty of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung 2National Center for Sustainable Transportaion Technology

*[email protected]

Abstract

The research in the electric vehicle requires a safe Reserved Energy Storage System (RESS) that is durable and crashworthy enough to withstand a harsh environment, especially ground impact from stone chips on the road. RESS, which typically uses lithium-ion type battery, is posed to the jeopardy of thermal runaway as an aftermath of intrusion into the cell body. Thermal runaway might happen because the separator between the anode and cathode spoil and fail to keep both from making contact that results in a short circuit. Nowadays, metallic structures have been applied underneath the cells to protect RESS, although not so useful. Not just the extra mass, it cannot hold the impact properly. This research focuses on a composite-based protective layer applying sandwich panel structures for a stiffer layer. Conducted using non-linear finite element analysis with LS-DYNA solver, this research takes multiple design variables into accounts such as layer thickness, topology, and orientation while maintaining the base material of plain weave Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). The variables that are set as performance indicators are mainly cell deformation and energy absorbed. Among the two topologies tested, Navy Truss is proven to get along better with composite material than Blast Resistant Adaptive Sandwich (BRAS) model. This occurs since the Navy Truss absorbs energy by undergoing progressive crushing, BRAS structures collapse within the supports. In the Navy Truss itself, various orientations are tested, and it is found that the most effective orientation is [(0/90)2/[(45/-45)/(0/90)]3]s. Compared to the metallic structure, profusely there has been 36 percent mass saving.

Keywords: crashworthiness, sandwich panel, composite, CFRP, NavTruss, BRAS, RESS


59


[ABS-85] Roles of PT Len Industri in The Development of Electric Vehicle Technology in Indonesia

Muhammad Ridwan*

PT. Len Persero, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Electric vehicle is the future for automotive and is inevitable to avoid. Sooner or later, Indonesia, as a developing country, will start to implement electric vehicle whether the technology come from the outside or from the inside. PT Len Industri has a long record of research and development experience as it is originally a national research institute before transforming into a state owned enterprise. Using this experience of developing new technology, PT Len Industri starts to develop the technology for electric vehicle. As a state owned enterprise, it should also keep business as top priority. Having this kind of privilege, PT Len Industri can become the bridge between the development of electric vehicle technology and the requirement from business side.

Keywords: Electric Vehicle


60

[ABS-9] Optimal PHEV Mode Selection Strategy for Full Battery Consumption and Known Traffic

Condition on Intercity Commuting

Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim1,*, Hari Maghfiroh1, Muhammad Nizam1,2

2Departement of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret 3National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Energy management plays important role in achieving maximum fuel efficiency on plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Capability of PHEV using electric (EV) mode and hybrid (HV) mode can be optimized by selecting efficient mode for known route and traffic condition. Typical intercity commuting traffic can be divided into city traffic and highway traffic. This paper presents measurements of PHEV energy consumption per distance for each city and highway traffic case. In case of full battery consumption, the optimal mode selection strategy is determined for each traffic case. This paper shows that the mode selection strategy using known route and traffic condition can achieve less fuel consumption compared to default PHEV configuration or no strategy.

Keywords: PHEV, electric mode, hybrid mode, fuel consumption

Topic: EV System and Integration

61

[ABS-55] Energy Effectiveness of Advanced Vehicle for Urban Transportation

Waloyo, H.T.1,2*,, Tjahjana, D.D.D.T.1,3, Nizam, M.3,4

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur

3National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia 4Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret

*[email protected]

Abstract

Advanced vehicles are an alternative solution to reduce environmental pollution due to the use of fossil fuels. It can be pure electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. The Hybrid vehicles combine internal combustion engines and electric motors to move. The use of resources on hybrid vehicles can be either series or parallel. A series hybrid model uses an electric motor as a driving force and combustion engine as a generator drive when a parallel hybrid vehicles use both resources as drivers simultaneously. Electrical energy can be obtained from renewable energy or waste utilization. This paper discuss the effectiveness of the use of advanced vehicles to reduce the use of fossil fuels. In this study compared some types of advanced vehicles with travel routes in Surakarta as represent urban area in Indonesia. The test is done using vehicle modeling with MATLAB software simulation. The research was done by using drive cycle data from previous research. The shows hybrid vehicle series need more fuel than parallel type. The size of the combustion engine in the vehicle series is very influential on the performance of the vehicle. With the increasing use of advanced vehicles in urban areas, the use of non-renewable fuels can be suppressed and the impact on the environment can be reduced.

Keywords: hybrid vehicle; performance; energy management


62

[ABS-57] Axial Unipolar of Eddy Current Brake Pole Characterization

Suwolo1, Waloyo, H.T.1,2*, Ubaidillah1,3, Nizam, M.3,4

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur

3National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia 4Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret

*[email protected]

Abstract

Vehicle generally require an optimal braking system, eddy current brake (ECB) can be used as an alternative to the conventional braking system. Unipolar Axial ECB was discussed in this paper. Performance of ECB is influenced by several factors, like the distance of the pole location to center of the shaft. The pole location determine the braking torque because the change of braking force arm. In this paper, finite element method (FEM) based modeling are used to describe the eddy current change. Size and design of ECB are based on a conventional hydraulic braking system. The standard pole location will be similar to the brake pad on a conventional hydraulic braking system. The pole location will be varied to profile the changes in braking torque. From data, it was found that the pole location near than standard tends to have good braking torque at high speeds. In reverse, at low speeds it has lower braking torque compared to standard pole location. Then at the pole location far than standard give the resulting braking torque is lower in both while low speed and high speed. It is because the eddy current turn path area become narrow on the rotor when the pole location far from standard.

Keywords: Braking; Torque; Design; Eddy Current


63

[ABS-60] The Influence of Aluminum Conductor Shape Modification on Eddy-Current Brake Using Finite

Element Method

Achwan Restu Prayoga1*, Ubaidillah1,2, Muhammad Nizam1,2, Hery Tri Waloyo1

1Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustaniable Transportaion Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Vehicles are the most important thing to use by human and to make it safe to use, all vehicle need a safe and reliable braking system, the use of frictional brake can raise the probability of braking failure because of high pressure and temperature operation, to make braking safer, there is a new, alternative braking system called Eddy-Current Brake (ECB) that uses magnet in their braking process. This paper aims to know the influence between the shapes of conductor’s face on braking torque using finite element method, using aluminum with mid-iron in one construction to improve the braking torque produced by conductor. Validation was done before starting FEM calculation to achieve accurate FEM settings, the modeling uses ANSYS Electronics Desktop. The shapes used on conductor’s face are sawtooth, half-circle, and square. The highest braking torque performance on these variables are 15.39213, 16.40432, and 14.25 Nm respectively at their critical speed with a magnetic flux of 0.8 – 2 Tesla at all variables.

Keywords: eddy-current brake, brakes, electromagnet


64

[ABS-7] A Review On DC–DC Converter Topologies and Controls for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Applications

Pronay Kumar Chakrobarty*, Shruthi Mukundan, Eshaan Ghosh, Narayan C. Kar,

Centre for Hybrid Automotive Research and Green Energy, University of Windsor, ON, Canada

*[email protected]

Abstract

Fuel cells are being widely implemented as energy sources for various applications including hybrid electric vehicles as they offer lower emissions and improve the environmental conditions. However, due to their low output voltage and wide variation from no-load to full-load, a DC-DC converter is required to interface the fuel cell with the load. The major challenges associated with such DC-DC converters are to obtain high voltage gains and high efficiency for the overall performance of the fuel cell hybrid vehicle system. Therefore, it is of primary importance to select a suitable converter topology and flexible controls system which can capable of satisfying all the performance requirements. Thus, this paper presents a comparative review of DC –DC converters in power conditioning for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles with discussion on recent trends in converter control strategies.

Keywords: Converter, Control strategy, Electric Vehicle, Fuel Cell, Topology

Topic: Power Electronics and Its Applications

65


[ABS-27] Development of Big Data Analytics Platform for Electric Vehicle Battery Management System

Muchamad Iman Karmawijaya1, Irsyad Nashirul Haq2,3, Edi Leksono2, Augie Widyotriatmo2


3National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Electric Vehicle (EV) Batteries must have high reliability to produce durable and sustainable electrical energy. Reliable electric batteries will certainly have high economic value and efficiency. Reliability can be obtained if the system and its supporting are monitored using an integrated and independent system for further analysis and observation. Battery Management System (BMS) is integrated parts of Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), or solar applications e.g. solar power plant. Its functions are to integrate many things such as voltage sampling from cell battery, cells balancing, determine State of Charge (SOC), estimate State of Health (SOH), and predict Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The key technology needed for condition-based maintenance is Prognostic and Health Management. It is a new engineering approach that allows an assessment of the systems health when the system is operating. It combines various scientific disciplines, namely: sensing technology, modern statistics, machine learning, physics of failure, and reliability engineering. It will be combined with Big Data analysis. Big data uses existing technology and contemporary architecture that is designed to efficiently take advantage of the many and varied data. Big data analytics refers to the method of analyzing huge volumes of data, high velocity of data, variety different forms of data, and veracity of uncertainty of data. The main focus in this research is the development of an integrated observation system and the ability to make error predictions. This system consists of error detection, error diagnosis, and integrated prognosis. This research is to implement Big Data analytics Platform to evaluate the reliability level of electric vehicle Battery Management System.

Keywords: Electric Vehicle, Remaining Useful Life, Big Data Analytics, Battery Management System


66

[ABS-11] Modelling, identification and simulation of hybrid battery/supercapacitor storage system used

in vehicular applications

Ghoulam Yasser*, Mesbahi Tedjani, Durand Sylvain, Paul Théophile

ICube laboratory (UMR CNRS 7357) - INSA Strasbourg

*[email protected]

Abstract

The energy transition in the field of individual transport requires first of all changes in thinking: Do we need such important mobility ranges in our everyday lifes? How to use the vehicles stopping times for battery charging? etc. However, this energy transition also requires technological improvements, mainly in the storage of electrical energy. In this context, the electric vehicle application is a rather particular field of application since it requires both a high degree of energy and a high-power requirement. It tends not to be compatible with existing storage systems. One of the ideas to overcome this problem is to use a High Energy lithium-ion battery (HE) coupled with supercapacitors. The latter is used as a buffer to assist and preserve the battery, by responding to high and medium changes of current. It can also be charged during the deceleration and braking phases. In this case, the battery only sees the slow current changes. This paper presents a modelling, identification and validation of the behavior of the two main energy storage devices, battery and supercapacitor, of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in electric vehicle applications. Besides of both main storage elements, the HESS includes a bi-directional DC/DC power converter suitable for power electronic interface between the battery main energy storage system and the supercapacitor. This work begins by the modeling of DC/DC converter. Then the electric state space models of both power sources, battery and supercapacitor, are also developed. And following that lead, the identification of both storage components constituting the HESS is carried out via many optimization methods based on experimental data of an urban electric vehicle. For that, a test bench is used for battery and supercapacitor characterization, while trying to be as close as possible to the real electric vehicle application. The obtained results show the good performance of the state space developed models comparing with the experimental results from a test bench developped in our laboratory at INSA Strasbourg.

Keywords: Electric vehicle, hybrid energy storage system, lithium-ion battery, supercapacitor, optimization algorithm, bidirectional DC/DC converter, state space, identification, test bench


67

[ABS-37] Design Study of Battery System Protection Structure Based on Hybrid Material Fiber Metal

Laminate (FML)

Teresa Nirmala1,2*, Sigit Puji Santosa1,2, Annisa Jusuf1,2, Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro1,2

1Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia


*[email protected]

Abstract

With the growing size of the electric vehicle (EV) market, the study of the battery system is paramount. Lithium-ion batteries have a high risk of flammability in the event of an accident or a collision that causes a short circuit. One of the highest potential threats to EVs is ground impact from stones or projectiles impingement that can hit and penetrate the battery pack. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a lightweight structure that can protect batteries in the event of dynamic impact load. The material used for the protection structure is fiber metal laminate (FML), which is a hybrid material consists of thin metal layers bonded together by intermediate composite. Evaluation of the risk of battery fire due to short circuit (battery shortening) and energy absorption of the protection structure is done by using the nonlinear finite element method. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effect of thickness, bonding strength, as well as two damage parameters such as failure and softening effect. Simulation results show that increasing the softening parameter can increase energy absorption but also increase the battery shortening. While increasing all the other parameters can increase energy absorption and reduce battery shortening. In this study, the most effective design for the protection structure was obtained, which is 1 mm-thick aluminum as the top and bottom layer, and 4.8 mm-thick carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) as the intermediate layer.

Keywords: Crashworthiness; Electric vehicles; FML; Ground impact


68

[ABS-41] Design of Battery Management System (BMS) for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Battery

Muhammad Nizam1,2, Hari Maghfiroh1, Kirana Dyah Utari Kusumaputri1*, Rizal Abdulrozaq Rosadi1


*[email protected]

Abstract

Lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4, LFP) is one of the longest lifetime lithium ion batteries. However, its application in the long-term needs requires specific conditions to be operated normally and avoid damage. Battery management system (BMS) is the solution to this problem. The BMS designed in this study has three key features: monitoring, balancing, and protection. Arduino Nano as a microcontroller gives an advantage that is programable so that it can be used for all types of LFP batteries, without the need to re-create BMS. The results of this study indicate the ability of BMS in maintaining voltage values with passive balancing at 3.75V, disconnecting the input current and voltage under over and under conditions with protection, and displaying system monitoring conditions on the screen.

Keywords: battery management system, lithium iron batteries, monitoring, balancing, protection


69

[ABS-77] Design of Battery Management System (BMS) for Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Battery

Muhammad Nizam1,2*, Hari Maghfiroh1, Rizal A. Risadi1, Kirana D. U. Kusumaputri1


*[email protected]

Abstract

Lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) is one of the longest lifetime lithium ion batteries. However, its application in the long-term needs requires specific conditions to be operated normally and avoid damage. Battery management system (BMS) is the solution to this problem. The BMS designed in this study has three key features: monitoring, balancing, and protection. Arduino Nano as a microcontroller gives an advantage that is programable so that it can be used for all types of LFP batteries, without the need to re-create BMS. The results of this study indicate the ability of BMS in maintaining voltage values with passive balancing at 3.6V, disconnecting the input current and voltage under over and under conditions with protection, and displaying system monitoring conditions on the screen

Keywords: battery management system, lithium iron phosphate, battery monitoring, balancing, and protection


70

[ABS-94] Synthesis of Nanostructured Silicon Nanoparticles for Anodes of Li-Ion Battery

Firman Bagja Juangsa1*, Bentang Arief Budiman1,2, Poetro Lebdo Sambegoro1,2, Prihadi Setyo Darmanto1, Tomohiro Nozaki3


3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology

*[email protected]

Abstract

The rapid development of renewable energy generation and electric vehicle utilization has effect on increasing demand of battery performance as the energy storage, including lithium-ion and well-developed and commercially available type of battery. In order to increase energy density, silicon is employed as anode electrodes due to its high specific capacity. However, silicon electrode has a limited cycle due to expansion and shrinkage during operation cycle, which leads to the mechanical failure. Nanostructured silicon has been reported to enhance the life cycle with various combination with other materials, including polymer. In this paper, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are produced plasma chemical vapor deposition with controllable particle size. SiNPs with different particle size were produced while maintaining the crystallinity and narrow size distribution. Nanocomposite of SiNPs and polymer were produced by solution processing at low temperature, enabling a low cost of fabrication and preserves the unique properties of SiNPs. Material characterization on nanocomposite provides a potential application of SiNPs as anode material in li-ion batteries.

Keywords: li-ion battery, silicon, nanoparticle, nanocomposite


71


[ABS-62] The Effect of Vehicle Inertia on Regenerative Braking Systems of Pure Electric Vehicles

Joga Dharma Setiawan1,2*, Bentang Arief Budiman2,3, Ismoyo Haryanto1,2, Munadi1,2, Mochammad Ariyanto1,2, and Mohammad Alfian Hidayat1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

3Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Electric vehicles have the advantage of regenerative braking in which the electric motor can be used as a generator to convert the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle into electrical energy during the braking process. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of vehicle inertia on the voltage and electrical power profiles at the ultracapacitors as the energy storage system (ESS) and the vehicle speed during the motoring and the generating modes. In this study, an induction motor is used. The combination of regenerative and mechanical braking systems is regulated by the control logic to meet the drivers request. The mathematical model of a regenerative parallel braking system is coded in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show the profiles of electric power flow, energy flow, mechanical braking torque, braking torque by the motor, and the State of Charge (SOC) of the ultracapacitor stacks.

Keywords: Regenerative braking, SOC, ultracapacitors, flywheel, generating mode

Topic: Electric System, Drives, Motors, Machinery

72

[ABS-67] Power Optimization of Electric Motor using PID-Fuzzy Logic Controller

Aviseno Kholid1, Rifky Ahmad Fauzi1, Endra Joelianto1,2*, Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin1,2

1Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

This paper presents an optimization of 3-phase AC motor power consumption by means of intelligent control signal. The control signal is generated by the controller consists of Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller combined with fuzzy logic controller to produce the optimal control signal. The proposed controller is able to minimize the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the response of motor. The PID controller parameters are obtained from the $H_{\infty}$ synthesis of the full state feedback form of the motor, and fuzzy logic is designed to reject the noise and to flatten the motor’s response implemented using Raspberry Pi. By generating control signal with the controller, the electric power consumption of the 3-phase AC motor is reduced to 0.58 (4.32%), and the RSME of the motor’s response is decreased to 4.90 (12.26 %).

Keywords: 3-phase AC Motor, electric power consumption, robust PID controller, fuzzy logic, Phyton, Raspberry Pi.


73

[ABS-72] Experimental Investigation on Implementing Autonomous Bus Control Using Lyapunov

Approach

Joshua Friendly Nugroho1, Fahmi Rizaldi1, Yul Y. Nazaruddin1,2, Augie Widyotriatmo1


*[email protected]

Abstract

Autonomous Vehicles is a system which can maneuver through its surrounding to reach a certain location and orientation. Path following control is one of the most proposed control scheme to achieve this objective. In this paper, the path following control, based on the Lyapunov stability approach, designed specifically for a bus, will be proposed and tested experimentally. The mathematical model of the bus kinematics and controller will be presented. The main concerns of the presentation will be the technical details of the path following control implementation such as the design of the system, the controller and actuator and also the data communication among all components. The experimental investigation was conducted using a miniature scaled bus with the length and width of the bus is 39 cm and 15.5 cm respectively. The communication protocol MQTT has been implemented for the data communication. The experimental results show how the bus followed the desired path satisfactorily.

Keywords: Autonomous vehicle, path following control, experimental design, Lyapunov stability


74

[ABS-73]

Localization Method for Autonomous Car Using Virtual Sensing System

Yul. Y. Nazaruddin1,2*, Fadillah A. Maani1, Prasetyo W. L. Sanjaya1, Eraraya R. Muten1, Gilbert Tjahjono1, Joshua A. Oktavianus1


*[email protected]

Abstract

The combination of inertial measurement unit and global navigation satellite system is widely used in the localization of autonomous cars. However, global navigation satellite systems are highly dependent to the external conditions and have a low sampling rate. In order to make the localization of autonomous cars more reliable in various external condition, a virtual sensing system using Error State Kalman filter and Diagonal Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN) approach is proposed in this paper. In this proposed system, DRNN served as an estimator for the location of autonomous car. DRNN is applied due to its independency against external condition, the ability to learn, and also its faster sampling rate compared to global navigation system. Implementation and testing of this new approach using Carla Simulator shows that the proposed system could correct the deviation caused by the absence of absolute position measurement. By having this alternative sensing method, it is expected that it would be able to replace the existing global navigation satellite systems and unlock the possibility for offline localization.

Keywords: autonomous car, localization, virtual sensor, neural network, CARLA Simulator


75

[ABS-86] SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTOR (SRM) USING BLACK BOX

METHOD FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM

Muhammad Rizalul Wahid1, Nadana Ayzah Azis1, Endra Joelianto1,2*


*[email protected]

Abstract

Switched reluctance motor (SRM) as a driving force has a very important role in an electric vehicle because it is able to produce a large torque about 12.3 Nm and the speed is about 9600 rpm. There is no model that represents the real SRM motor. Model identification is done by using the Black Box method in the Matlab System Identification Toolbox (SIT). The speed output of the SRM motor is measured externally by a sensor based on the hall effect principle, which gives a high pulse of 4.27 volts every it detects an existing magnet at the motor rotation. The speed sensor of motor is simulated and validated using the Intelligent Schematic Input System (ISIS) software on the Proteus before it is implemented into the SRM motor. The results are obtained in the form of transfer function system with order 1 and order 2. The order 1 has a match with the real data of 93.65% and the order 2 has a greater match value of 93.7%.

Keywords: Electric Vehicles, Black Box Method, System identification, Switched reluctance motor (SRM),


76

[ABS-97] Experimental Study on the Aerodynamic Performance of Autonomous Boat with Wind

Propulsion and Solar Power

Joga Dharma Setiawan1,2, Bentang Arief Budiman2,3, Mochammad Ariyanto1,2, Trias Andromeda2,4, Deddy Chrismianto5, Muhammad Abdul Aziz1*

1Mechanical Engineering Department. Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable, Transportation Technology, Indonesia

3Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 4Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

5Naval Architecture Department, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The autonomous boat in this research has the capability of using fully renewable energy sources in which its wing sail can provide aerodynamic forces for propulsion while the solar cells provide the power for control and communication systems. Thus, this boat can operate in a long duration, suitable for ocean research and monitoring missions. Similar to an airplane wing, the design of the wing sail is taken from NACA 0018 that can provide good performance in low Reynolds-number. The purpose of this study is toexperimentally study the aerodynamic performance of a 1/4th scale wing sail by varying the flap angle in a laboratory set-up. The aerodynamic of wing sail produces lift and drag forces that depend on the wing sail angle of attack. In this study, an encoder is used to measure the angle of attack of wing sail, a potentiometer for measuring the flap angle, and an anemometer for measuring the wind speed. A servo motor is used for controlling the flap angle. The digital data acquisition uses Arduino Uno as the microcontroller which is wired to a PC and coded in MATLAB/Simulink using Arduino package. The experiment results show the wing sail performance, the effect varying flap angles. The total aerodynamic forces were generated in this experiment.

Keywords: Wing sail, wind propulsion, autonomous boat


77

[ABS-35] Channel Measurement based Ray-Tracing Analysis for High Speed Railway Scenario at

800MHz

Irsyad Ridwany1*, Adit Kurniawan1,2, Tutun Juhana1,2, Bo Ai3, Longhe Wang3

1School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

3State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, 100044, Beijing, China

*[email protected]

Abstract

The analysis of channel measurement based ray-tracing (RT) simulation nowadays is considered as one of the most effective in solving traffic railway communication. In order to handle the increasing capacity demand for higher transmission capabilities, the railway communication system should be support by high data rate connectivity and feasible in many areas included urban area. The channel characteristic for railway scenario are explored by RT analysis method in the simulation at 800 MHz with 20 MHz bandwidth. Also most straightforward way to increase capacity is to add more bandwidth. The scenario for high speed railway (HSR) are modeling in urban area. However due to channel information parameters are extracted and incorporated into a 3GPP-like random channel generator. Well to analysis the channel measurement depend on ray-tracing for HSR can be adjusted with the channel information on the area.

Keywords: Channel measurement, ray tracing, bandwidth, and modeling

Topic: Transportation Safety

78


[ABS-3] Socioeconomic Impacts and Consumer Preferences Analysis of Electrified Vehicle in

Indonesia

Chaikal Nuryakin1, Riyanto1, Setya Agung Riyadi2, Ashintya Damayati1, Andhika Putra Pratama1, Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie1*

1Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia

2Institute for Economic and Social Research, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI), Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Electrified vehicles (EV) entry to the Indonesian automotive market at the moment is relatively new, with market penetration being modest at best. This study discusses two major socioeconomic aspects of EVs in their early ventures in the country. First, we examine the feasibility and the impact of accelerating the development of electric cars in Indonesia in economic, environmental, and fiscal aspects. Second, we use primary data analysis by conducting users and prospective car users in the Greater Jakarta area to elicit the consumers’ preferences for electric cars. In this analysis, we specifically estimate the necessary price incentives for each of the EV types, i.e., Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PHEV), and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), to gain certain market exposure in the country. We also utilize simulation method in estimating the impacts of various scenarios of policies in accelerating the use of EV vehicles on the automotive industry market and the automotive component industry, as well as government (fiscal), environmental (CO2 emission reduction) and macroeconomic revenues. Our findings suggest that considerable amount of price and non-price incentives is needed to encourage Indonesian consumers to consider EVs compared to ICE. On the environmental and fiscal perspective, we find PHEV serve as the better vehicle to be introduced into the country’s automotive landscape, with a prudent mixture of the three aforementioned EV being also a viable option.

Keywords: Electrified vehicle; Socioeconomic impacts; Incentives; Indonesia


79

[ABS-4] Estimating the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of Electrified Vehicle in Indonesia

Riyanto1, Chaikal Nuryakin1, Setya Agung Riyadi2, Natanael Waraney Gerald Massie1*

1Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia

2Institute for Economic and Social Research, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI), Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

With the Electrified Vehicles (EVs) ventures being in the early stage, the cost-benefit analysis of the vehicles is key towards capturing the Indonesian market. As consumers, however, pricing may not only be the costs they consider; they also consider the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the cars they purchase. With that regard, this study discusses the total cost of ownership (TCO) of the EV in the Indonesian context, including calculations for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), and BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle), as well as Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for comparisons. Specifically, this study aims to: (i) identify the monetary factors which affects total cost of ownership (TCO) of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, (ii) construct a TCO model and calculate the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia, and (iii) compare the value of total cost of ownership of electric and conventional cars in Indonesia related to the relevant switching cost between EVs and ICE. Our findings suggest that generally, in Indonesia, higher usage and/or length of ownership of EVs lead to more competitive TCO compared to ICE. We also explore a comprehensive number of scenarios (e.g., total annual mileage, years of ownership, price, fuel prices, and cost incentives) in which the TCO of EV maximizes Indonesian consumer welfare.

Keywords: Electrified vehicle; Incentives; Total cost of ownership; Indonesia


80

[ABS-43] Analysis of daily driving and its impact to the fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

Ainul Ghurri*, I Made Gatot Karohika, I Ketut Gede Sugita, I Made Widiyarta, I Nyoman Gde Antara

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) is one of promising vehicle type to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The potential of PHEV is highly dependent on the mileage need of the vehicle, the availability of charging station, the capability of the electrical source, and the commitment of the driver itself to do the charging. The present study is aimed to analyze some interdependent factors in actual driving of PHEV to its fuel economy. The analysis was conducted by using the actual data from daily driving of six drivers. The PHEV is gasoline engine equipped with 8.8 kWh battery. All drivers have access to the charging station at workplace with their own daily mileage from home to workplace. The availability of charging station in drivers’ home was not same due to the difference in capacity of electrical source. The PHEVs were provided with data acquisition covering mileage, fuel consumption, fuel economy, engine mode duration, EV mode duration, etc. The results showed that the fuel economy of the PHEV varied highly depended on the combination of factors faced by each driver. The access to the charging facility and the time availability to do charging impacted to the daily charging frequency, then affected the EV driving ratio. The daily mileage also strongly affected the EV driving ratio and then impacting the fuel economy of the PHEV. The charging frequency of the six drivers varied from 0.6 times/day to 2 times/day. Houses with electrical capacity 3500 W is capable to charge the PHEV at 8A current in 5 hours until full charged. The charging facility in workplace was able to charge at 16A current in 2 hours until full charged. The fuel economy of the PHEV varied from 29.2 km/l until almost 100 km/l. The fuel economy at 29.2 km/l was not so different with the fuel economy of HEV without plug-in feature, so the large capacity of the battery was not beneficial. The results underlined that the charging facility and the electrical source capacity together with the recommended driving distance of the vehicle were the very important consideration to decide the battery capacity installed to the PHEV.

Keywords: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, fuel economy, EV driving, battery charging


81

[ABS-44] Analysis on fuel economy and CO2 emission of gasoline engine and hybrid electric vehicles

I Made Widiyarta*, Ainul Ghurri, I Made Gatot Karohika, I Nyoman Gde Antara, I Ketut Gede Sugita

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Private passenger vehicles highly contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2). Increasing the fuel economy of private vehicles have been the main goal for reducing fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions. The increase in fuel economy of commercial vehicles has been the main objective to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. One of technology is hybrid electric vehicles. This paper analyses the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) and compared to the conventional gasoline engine vehicles. The fuel economy data were recorded from 2 gasoline engine cars, 2 hybrid electric cars, and 2 plug-in hybrid electric cars; during six weeks daily driving with mileage 25-50 km/day each car. Those six cars were driven by six different drivers. The results show that the fuel economy of the HEV is in the range of 22.4 to 13.1 km/l, for the PHEV, the fuel economy is in the range of 55.4 to 88 km/l, and in the range of 10.1 to 12.9 km/l for the gasoline engine cars. The PHEV had the highest fuel economy and very wide variation in fuel economy. This was affected by the availability of the charging facility, the easiness to access the charging station, and the commitment of the driver itself to do charging the car. Fuel economy of the HEVs was the most consistent in any situation of driving. As for the gasoline engine cars, the traffic condition has a quite big impact on the fuel economy. The estimated fuel consumption reductions for the HEVs and PHEVs were about 56% and in the range of 60% to 85%, respectively. The estimated CO2 reductions were about 48% for the HEVs and about 55% for the PHEVs.

Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicles, fuel consumption, CO2 emission reduction


82


[ABS-42] Rectangular Crash Boxes Implementation on Impact Energy Absorbing System for Lightweight

Rail Vehicle Application

Raynald Masli1*, Bagus Budiwantoro2,3, Sigit Puji Santosa1,3, Leonardo Gunawan1,3

1Department of Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of tecnology, Jalan Ganeca No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bandung Institute of tecnology, Jalan Ganeca No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

3National Center for Sustainable Transportaion Technology

*[email protected]

Abstract

As a form of transportation, a railway vehicle must be able to protect passengers from fatalities during accidents. For that purpose, a part of the vehicle structure is designed to dissipate impact energy to guarantee passengers protection during a collision. This research presents the improvement of light rail transit structure capability in absorbing impact energy during a collision by implementing rectangular cross-section crash boxes. International regulation, UIC/EN 15227, is used to evaluate the performance of the vehicle subjected to axial impact loading. First, a simulation of the baseline structure under impact loading was carried out numerically with finite element method and the performance was evaluated. Then, some parts of the structure were going to be replaced with crash boxes and the simulation was repeated to show the improvement of vehicle crashworthiness in terms of structural efficiency to absorb collision energy. The results of this research would be valuable in developing safer lightweight rail vehicles.

Keywords: crashworthiness; light rail transit; collision; rectangular crash boxes; structural efficiency


83

[ABS-45] Lightweight Structure Characterisation of Multi-Cell Thin Walled Columned Subjected to Axial

Loading

Gilang Farhan Ramadhan Mulyadi1*, Sigit Puji Santosa1,2, Djarot Widagdo1, Annisa Jusuf1,2


*[email protected]

Abstract

Abstract—Crashworthiness criteria attention in structural vehicle has increased by government to make the road safer, leading towards to laws and investment to investigation. In order to improve the crashworthiness and energy absorption performance of electric vehicles, the multi cell platform introduced as application in designing crash box. Multi cell platform can increased the energy absorption of crash box. Designing multi-cell platform needs the cell configuration and the cell number. Various type of cell configuration and number show difference behavior. It is needs to be studied comprehensively in order to gain desired design criteria. This paper studied the behavior of various type of multi-cell platform. The configuration divided into cruciform shape, H-shaped, T-shaped and Y-shaped. The crash box subjected under axial load in low velocity of quasi-static mode. The simulation results show that the cell configuration and cell number have different results. Increasing the number of cell and intersection can result in higher energy absorption but detrimental due to peak force.

Keywords: multi-cell, crash box, axial impact, crashworthiness, energy absorption


84

[ABS-47] Lightweight Structure Characterisation of Thin-walled Column Subjected to Biaxial Loadings

Robby1*, Andi Isra Mahyuddin1, Tatacipta Dirgantara2,3, Sigit Puji Santosa2,3

1Mechanical Design Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

2Lightweight Structures Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia


*[email protected]

Abstract

Lightweight structure such as thin-walled column is adapted in electric vehicle as an energy absorber. It is also used to reduce the weight of the vehicle so it can reduce the energy consumption. Most researches focus on uniaxial loading whereas, in practice, biaxial loading is likely to occur. Researches also show that a multi-cell column performs better in crashworthiness compared to conventional or single-cell column. This research aims to conduct numerical simulations of the multi-cell thin-walled column subjected to biaxial loadings. Numerical simulations have been done to five different cross-section aluminium square columns: single-cell (V0H0); multi-cell with one vertical plate (V1H0); multi-cell with two vertical plates (V2H0); multi-cell with one vertical and one horizontal plates (V1H1); and multi-cell with two vertical and one horizontal plates (V2H1). V2H1 column performs high specific energy absorption when it is subjected to fully axial and axial-dominant loadings. It absorbs up to 69.07% more than single-cell column does. On the other hand, V2H0 column performs high specific energy absorption when it is subjected to fully bending and bending-dominant loadings. It absorbs up to 99.56% more than single-cell column does.

Keywords: Biaxial loading; Crashworthiness; Energy absorber; Multi-cell; Thin-walled structure


85

[ABS-75] USING MULTI-QUADROTOR SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE ROAD MAPPING

Bernard Renardi1, Erick Khosasi1, Yul Y. Nazaruddin1,2, Endang Juliastuti1


*[email protected]

Abstract

The development of road infrastructures, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, continues significantly in the last decade. Along with the acceleration of development that has resulted in 406.14 kilometers of new roads in the last 5 years, an updated road map is needed as rapid as the growth of these roads proportionally. To solve this problem, commonly used technology takes three years to update the map and still unable to map the entire road, especially those that can only be passed by smaller vehicles. In this paper, an alternative mapping technique using multi-quadrotor system is introduced for updating the road map effectively. Multi-quadrotor system allows that the terrain mapping can be larger compared to single quadrotor system. The designed system is an integration of two Robot Operating System (ROS) packages as the framework for the software development, which is ardrone_autonomy and tum_ardrone. The multi-quadrotor will take images of contour using a 720p front camera with frequency of 2 – 4 Hz while flying. The images taken with a required specification will be processed into a new map of the area using Agisoft Photoscan. This new map will be processed by a YOLO-based object detection algorithm for specific object identification purpose. Real-time experimental results using two AR. Drone 2.0 showed that successful image recognition was obtained with high resolution images of map.

Keywords: multi-quadrotor, robot operating system, image recognition, AR. Drone 2.0, YOLO


86

[ABS-78] Automotive Real-Time Operating System in Vehicular Technology Progress Review

Wirawan Lingga1, Bentang Arief Budiman1,2*, Poetro Sambegoro1,2


*[email protected]

Abstract

Degrees of human intervention for vehicular technology have been decreasing in the past few years. Automated cars and even autonomous ones have been appearing in successive events. One aspect to note is that automated systems for automobiles are believed to follow the technology for electric vehicles. It will then require a real-time control system to guarantee timely responses and task priority setups for internal and external events of real-time systems, especially for the migration of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles to electric cars

Keywords: Automated, electric vehicles, real-time, timely responses, task priority setups


87

[ABS-79] Design of DC Fast Charging Buck Converter for LFP Battery on Electric Car

Trias Andromeda1,2*, Betantya Nugroho1, Mohamad Isnaeni Romadhon1, Joga Setiawan1,2, Ismoyo Haryanto1,2, Hermawan1, Iwan Setiawan1, M. Facta1

1Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Abstract— Electric Vehicle (EV) cars have developed very rapidly. In line with a growing number on the streets, the need for electric vehicle battery charging stations is increasingly expected. In community, there are three levels of battery charging stations that have been implemented. Level 1 is a charger with a 120 Vac source and it is the slowest charger level. Level 2 is a familiar charger found in homes and garages use a 240 Vac source. While level 3 is a Direct Current Fast Charger (DCFC) charger which is urgently needed for electric vehicle (EV). This paper will present the results of research on charging a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery using a DCFC buck converter. The converter is dedicated to be a charger of the EV. The result shows that the proposed converter has good performance because it has successfully charged the battery pack at 4 Ampere in the initial stage and it turned into full charge stage in 30 minutes at stable voltage at 14.4 Volt.

Keywords: EV, Electric Car, DCFC, Buck Converter, LFP Battery


88

[ABS-65] Designing Automatic Syringe Shaker as The Supporting Media for Method of Dissolved Gas

Transformer Oil Analysis

Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo1,2*, Ratih Rachmatika,1 Agustinus Sudjono1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The general problem of operational power transformer was appearing in both thermal and electrical failure. Most of the power transformer usually used insulator oil that was functioning as cooler and to dissolve its hazardous gas in order not to circulate independently. Identifying type and number of gas concentration, which was dissolved in oil could provide information about the indication of failure that occurs in the transformer. Method for identifying and analyzing dissolved gas in the oil was called dissolved gas analysis (dga). Procedure for oil sampling of testing dga with a method of morgan schaffer was using syringe. In the use of syringe, after taking oil sample into syringe and then syringe was extracted to separate components of dissolved gas. Utilizing syringe in the process of extraction was not maximal since it had to be manually done the process of extraction for each syringe. In this research, it was done in making automatic syringe shaker, which could do an extraction of transformer oil to extract dissolved gas in the transformer oil automatically. This research would also determine the time and speed variable to obtain optimizing syringe shaker. This instrument used a dc motor as a driving source. Based on data, which was obtained, the percentage of extraction level that was obtained with using automatic syringe shaker transformer oil was smaller compared with the manual process and it had an error level of 0.124%. The timer test result of the length of extraction time showed that an error percentage of approximately 0.004%.

Keywords: dissolved gas analysis, syringe shaker, transformer oil

Topic: Cooling System for Electric Vehicle

89


[ABS-66] EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR IMPROVING EFFICIENCY ON PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL USING

PASSIVE COOLING AND FLOATING METHOD

Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo1,2*, Abyan Habibie1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Electrical energy is the key to the development of human civilization, it causes an increase in electricity production using fossil fuels. This causes the emergence of the need for electricity generation with renewable energy sources. This research discusses the improvement of efficiency in photovoltaic cells (PV) by using the floating method and also the cooling method, especially, passive heatsink cooling. Tests carried out measures the performance of PV panels by measuring the influence of floating and cooling methods. The data shows that the increase in power is 30.54% with floating method while using passive heatsink cooling only increase power output by 14.31%. The temperature in the PV panel tends to increase with increasing intensity of solar radiation. In addition, both method resulted in increase of the PV panel temperature by 6.42% and 0.60% for floating method and passive heatsink cooling respectively.

Keywords: photovoltaic cell, PV cooling, floating, temperature, efficiency.


90

[ABS-38] Placement Static Var Compensator (Svc) for Improving Voltage Stability Based on Sensitivity

Analysis: A Case Study of 500 Kv Java-Bali Electrical Power System

Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo1,2*, Oktavian Listiyanto1, Muhammad Hamka Ibrahim1,2



*[email protected]

Abstract

Demand for electricity is increasing rapidly, the consequence of this is a threat to the stability of the electrical system, one of which is the voltage stability. FACTS or Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System is electronic equipment that is able to regulate electric power transmission that can be used to overcome stability problems. This research will analyze the use of Static Var Compensator (SVC) as one of the equipment from FACTS to overcome the stability of the most critical buses by using the 500 kV Java-Bali electricity system using PSAT. Then the stability of the voltage is observed using the help of the PV curve which can show the value of the voltage conditions in each operating condition. SVC installation on the Java-Bali electricity system of 500 kV obtained an increase in length λ on the Pedan Bus which is equal to 0.233 p.u. (6.01) then on the Tasikmalaya Bus the addition of length λ is 0.0986 p.u. (2.55%) and on the Mandarican Bus the addition of length λ is 0.1228 p.u. (3.17%).

Keywords: Static Var Compensator (SVC), PV Curve, Voltage Stability


91

[ABS-39] DESIGN CLOSE-LOOP CONTROL OF BLDC MOTOR SPEED USING FUZZY LOGIC-PID

METHOD IN SOLAR POWER WATER PUMP WITH MATLAB/SIMULINK

Chico Hermanu Brillianto Apribowo1,2*, Hari Maghfiroh1, Arifian Tri Laksita1


2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

In this research, the design of close loop BLDC motor speed control was designed with several simulation test conditions and also discuss the differences of boost converter with Fuzzy control and boost converter without Fuzzy control. The BLDC motor specifications used in this research are 3 phase, constant voltage is 80 V_peak L-L / krpm and the moment of inertia is 0.000553 J (kgm2). The specifications of the solar were Canadian CS5T 130M with a maximum power = 129W. The test results on the boost converter without using Fuzzy controls have fluctuating voltages, and the output voltage is ± 34 V. Whereas when using Fuzzy controls, the output voltage is stable and the voltage is ± 135 V. In simulation conditions 5 with Fuzzy control circuits have THD values amounting to 1.72%, which corresponds to the standards specified by IEEE for voltages below 1 kV = <5%. The simulation test results with several conditions have made a difference in the results of the motor speed response. Based on the results of the simulation test, it is known that the speed control with the Fuzzy control circuit has better results compared to the open loop circuit and PID control.

Keywords: Close Loop Control, BLDC Motor, Boost Converter, Fuzzy Control, THD


92

[ABS-48] Optimization of Multiphase Cascaded DC-DC Boost Converters

Faris Hafizh Makarim1*, Bintang Antares1, Arwindra Rizqiawan1,2, Pekik Argo Dahono1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia


*[email protected]

Abstract

This paper presents an optimization of multiphase cascaded DC-DC boost converters to maximize the efficiency. Multiphase cascaded DC-DC boost converters are converters that have a very high gain level and a zero input current ripple. The paper starts with derivation of loss equation in the converter and the result is used for optimization process. It is found that the optimum phase number is three for the first stage and one for the second stage converter. The first stage converter is operated at fixed duty cycle of 0.66. The output voltage control is delegated to the second stage. Experimental results are included in this paper.

Keywords: Multiphase, boost converter, cascade, optimization


93

[ABS-92] Magnetic Flux Modelling and Analysis of 120 kW Brushless DC Motor for Medium Bus

Application Based with JMAG

Syadila Refiasto1, Farhan Hafiz Budisatrio1, Jihad Furqani1, Agus Purwadi1,2*

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

In this paper, magnetic flux (distribution and direction) modelling and analysis of brushless DC (BLDC) motor that output power is 120 kW using JMAG software is investigated. Before performing magnetic flux analysis, the motor parameters is verified by using JMAG-Express. After verifying the design, the magnetic flux distribution and direction is analyzed. The purposed of this research is investigating the operation area of magnetization-demagnetization process in the stator and rotor core of BLDC motor.

Keywords: Magnetic flux analysis, modelling, JMAG, Brushless DC Motor (BLDC).


94

[ABS-81] Magnetostatic simulation in a novel magnetorheological elastomer based loudspeaker

surround

Kusuma Arum Dyana Kumara1, Ubaidillah1,2*, Iwan Yahya1, Gigih Priyandoko3, Wibowo1

1Universitas Sebelas Maret 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology

3Universitas Widyagama

*[email protected]

Abstract

This article delivers the application of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) as a variable stiffness of surround in a loudspeaker. Firstly, the existing surround was replaced by a set of variable stiffness absorber featuring an MREs. In the preliminary stage, the magnetic circuit absorber was evaluated through simulation work. Then, the simulation using the finite element method magnetic (FEMM) was conducted to predict the performance of MREs. The applied currents were varied from 0 to 1.5 A with an interval of 0.25 A. Later, the average magnetic flux density obtained from the simulation was used for estimating shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus which taken from actual experimental data. The stiffness obtained by processing shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus with analytical calculation method. Therefore, the performance of MREs could be evaluated. The suspension system MREs which has investigated have good performance, i.e., has a wide range of stiffness.

Keywords: magnetorheological elastomers, loudspeaker surround, finite element method, stiffness prediction


95

[ABS-70] Performance Improvement of Axial Switched Reluctance Motor using Low-Cost Magnet

Yoga Uta Nugraha*, Dimas Anton Asfani, Dedet Candra Riawan, M. Nur Yuniarto

Department of Electrical Engineering Center of Excellence for Automotive Control & System

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

*[email protected]

Abstract

A Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is known characterized by a robust, simple structure, and low cost. However, its torque density is generally lower than the induction motor (IM) and brushless DC motor (BLDC). In addition, axial SRM produces more torque than radial SRM by the same dimension. In this paper, performance improvement of axial SRM by adding a low-cost magnet in the stator yoke is investigated. A nonrare earth type magnet, Alnico, has been used for this research. Placement and dimensions of low-cost magnet affect performance improvement. Simulation and analysis using Finite Element Magnetic Method (FEMM) and Ansys Maxwell. A comparison between existing axial SRM and axial SRM with low-cost magnet is reported.

Keywords: Axial, Swithced Reluctance Motor (SRM), simulation, low-cost magnet.


96


[ABS-89] Preparation of kerosene soot carbon electrode and its application in lithium ion battery

Nirwan Syarif1,2*, Dedi Rohendi3, M. Ridho Prayogo4

1Department of Chemistry Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transporatation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia

3Research Center of Excellence for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia 4Dept. Recausticizing, PT. OKI Pulp & Paper, Kayu Agung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The research of the development kerosene soot carbon particles and its application as electrode for lithium ion battery has been done. The carbon was prepared from kerosene by using thermal plasma pyrolisis and characterized by Boehm titration in order to determine the carbon functional group, point zero charge for surface charge and X-ray diffraction for crystalography. Carbon was mixed with polianilin to form anode and mixed with lithium, iron salts and phosphate to form LiFePO4 as cathode. Both electrodes were fabricated into lithium ion battery with Li2SO4 as electrolyte. The performance of battery was measured with the variaton of electrolyte concentration i e., 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M. Boehm titration result showed that the carbon has acid functional groups greater than base functional group as 6.90 mgeq. 4.80 of point zero charge pH was in acid condition. The crystalography of carbon as anode presented in diffractogram showed 2θ = 23.68 and 42.33 of diffraction peaks and indicated graphite crystal in the carbon. CV measurement reveal that the oxidation occurred at the peak of anode current, i e., 0.015 A for 0.3 V whereas the reduction occured at the -0.3 V and 0.007 A. A Galvanostatic charge discharge measurenment showed that The highest capacity is obtained in 0.52 mAh/g with a voltage of 0.71 Volts, which is the 500th cycle. The lowest capacity is obtained in only 0.15 mAh/g of 0.2 Volts, that is in cycle 1st

Keywords: electrode, kerosene, boehm titration, pH, pzc, voltammogram, diffractogram, LIB, galvanostatic


97

[ABS-52] Review of Solid State Battery Technology Progress

Samuel Rahardian1, Bentang Arief Budiman1,2*


*[email protected]

Abstract

Battery development is essential to satisfy green technology trend that requires electric based technology. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is the most popular battery that has been used in various electric technology. However, LIB has concern on safety aspect by using liquid electrolyte which is prone to thermal failure that leads to flame or explosion. Solid-state battery (SSB) recent development could handle such thermal problem due to non-flammable characteristic of solid electrolyte. SSB also has potential for future main battery candidates due to high energy & power density. Although there are many advantages, SSB also has several problems in recent development. Interfacial stability, low ionic conductivity on room temperature, mechanical properties, etc. need to be studied further to make adjustment for further development. This review would give information regarding recent progress on SSB development from various type of electrolyte and failure mechanism.

Keywords: Battery, solid-state, electrolyte, interfacial stability, SSB development.


98

[ABS-64] Battery Temperature Rate of Change Estimation by Using Machine Learning

Engly Heryanto Ndaomanu1, Irsyad Nashirul Haq2,3*,Edi Leksono2, Brian Yuliarto2

1Graduate Student at Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia 2Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung, Indonesia


*[email protected]

Abstract

In this research, the process of monitoring of the electric variable on a 14 Ah prismatic LiFePO4 battery has been carried out. The variables monitored include electric current, voltage, energy and internal resistance to be analysed for its effect on the temperature variable on the battery. An analysis of the relationship between the increase of temperature and the efficiency of energy has also been done. This process succeeded in getting the electrothermal value or heat arising from the electric variable in the battery. Electro thermal in the battery cell obtained the highest value 19.5 KJ and in the module obtained a value of 25.04 KJ, while the rate of electrothermal addition varies from 2.5 J/s to 22.5 J/s in a single cell and 20 J/s to 180 J/s on the battery module. Monitoring has also been implemented in the process of releasing battery energy both cells and modules. Monitoring of variable voltage, current, battery capacity, time and temperature has been done thus found that DT of the battery was 20 0C when emptied with a discharge rate of 2.1 C and the temperature change of at least 3 0C at 0.7 C. While at 1.4 C, the temperature rises around 12 0C. In the battery module, the temperature rises around 6 0C when the battery module emptied at a rate of discharge 0.7 C, 15 0C at 1.4 C and around 20 0C at 2.1C. Machine learning can be used to estimate the increase of the temperature in a battery based on changes in voltage and electric current. This is done in order to determine the maximum electric current that can be supplied to the battery thus the thermal conditions of the battery can be maintained. The accuracy of estimating temperature value by using SVR on a single battery cell was 91.2% with RMSE was 1.107 0C while for the modules obtained 82.37% with RMSE is 1.18 0C. The accuracy value used RF for single cells was 97.28% with RMSE was 0 .625 0C and 98% with RMSE was 0.3 0C for battery modules.

Keywords: Prismatic LiFePO4 Battery, Support Vector Machine, Electrothermal, Random Forest


99

[ABS-69] Chaotic Behavior of Battery State of Health

Steven Bandong1, Endra Joelianto1,2*, Muhammad Ihsan1

1Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Batteries have been widely used for energy storage in various fields. Renewable energy systems, such as solar cells and wind turbines, produce energy depending on the weather. Because of that, batteries are needed in these fields to ensure energy availability. Electric vehicles also rely on batteries for energy storages. Therefore, the failure of battery management can result in large losses in various aspects. To prevent this, a number of studies on State of Health (SoH) of battery have been carried out. Prediction and estimation of SoH have been carried out using several methods such as SVM, deep learning, random forest and others. In many cases, these methods are applied by assuming that the change in SoH is a linear or non-linear phenomenon. However, in this paper, it is found that SoH exhibits chaotic behavior. Several well known methods to illustrate the Mackey-Glass Equation method and Lyapunov Exponent are considered to identify the chaotic nature of SoH. The obtained results can provide a new understanding of SoH behaviors on batteries, especially for the development of battery management system, control and safety system.

Keywords: SoH, Chaotic behavior, Battery, Mackey-Glass Equation, Lyapunov Exponent


100

[ABS-71] Modelling and Optimization of Energy Range Extended Electric Bus Strategy Management

System Using Dynamic Programming

Gunawan D. Haryadi1,2*, Septian N.I. Pramaishella1, Ismoyo Haryanto1,2, Sigit P. Santosa2,3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The number of motor vehicle increases at each year in Indonesia involve much negative impact on human life such as traffic jam. People choose to go by bus to avoid the traffic jam. Another negative impact is an increase amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the air. Replacing motor vehicle to electric vehicle is the better way to decrease amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Range extended electric bus is a type of electric bus which use electric and fuel for energy source. On the basis of a typical Japanese driving cycle, optimal control strategy is designed according to the state of charge (SOC) consumption trend, which is optimized by the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. The SOC value determines the mileage and fuel consumption, it will be the main goal of energy management. The result show that when REEB go through distance as long as the distance of BRT UNDIP – UNNES bus route, the amount of Japanese driving cycle are 11 cycles. The energy and fuel consumption that optimized by DP strategy can reach 121.66 MJ and 0.0143 L/Km. Compared with the conventional bus, the fuel consumption reach 0.212 L/Km. The overarching objectives of this paper are to get the REEB energy management strategy model based on dynamic programming, to get the results of optimization of REEB fuel consumption based on dynamic programming, and REEB energy flow.

Keywords: range extended electric bus, state of charge, dynamic programming, fuel consumption, and energy management


101

[ABS-82] Simulation Method for Extended-Range Electric Vehicle Battery State of Charge and Energy

Consumption Simulation based on Driving Cycle

Christopher Fernaldy Kusuma1, Bentang Arief Budiman1,2, Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio1

1Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganeca 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia


*[email protected]

Abstract

The battery state of charge and energy consumption are two parameters which are characterized by the usage of an extended-range electric vehicle (EREV). Those two parameters should be simulated in order to design the EREV properly according to different design needs, therefore a simulation method is needed. This work tries to establish a simulation method for the simulation of EREV battery state of charge and energy consumption. The EREV propulsion system modeling required for the simulation method are obtained from the general and electric vehicle engineering. Driving cycle data is also involved in the simulation. After the simulation method has been established, this work also validates the established simulation method with two validation methods. The validation step shows that the established simulation method is able to produce satisfying energy consumption simulation results. However, this simulation method needs to be provided with data and modeling, which comply with the simulated EREV, in order to produce a more satisfying battery state of charge simulation result. This work offers an initial perspective of EREV simulation, especially for the battery state of charge and energy consumption. The established simulation method can hopefully contribute to the design process of EREVs in the future.

Keywords: extended-range electric vehicle, EREV, battery state of charge, energy consumption, simulation, method, propulsion system, driving cycle


102


[ABS-90] Application of Intelligent Transportation System to Improve Transportation Safety

Puguh Budi Prakoso*

Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Advances in computer, communication and information technologies enable to store, process and transfer large data very quickly. This technology-based automation system also makes it possible to carry out processes or procedures by minimizing human involvement to avoid the risk of human errors. What is more, these processes and procedures can be performed now in real-time. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an application of computing, communication and information technology to manage transportation effectively. ITS architecture involves sensor and detector technology, big database and data processing, real-time transport analysis/modelling/computing, AI, control systems, automation, navigation as well as data transfer and communication systems. ITS which is designed with a minimum error and is able to make predictions can be used for preventive measures and safety improvement. The applications of ITS to enhance transportation safety, for instance public travel safety, increasing safety for vulnerable road users, smart intersections, traffic surveillance, incident detection, emergency notifications, etc. This presentation discusses the recent ITS implementations in enhancing transportation safety, some evidence of the effectiveness of ITS applications in various countries, ITS applications in Indonesia as well as the future challenges of ITS in following developments and trends in future mobility, especially in facing the industrial era 4.0.

Keywords: Intelligent transportation safety, future mobility, industry 4.0


103

[ABS-10] Prototyping of Bluetooth-Based Wireless Strain Measurement System for Freight Overload

Prevention

Abdul Hakim Masyhur1*, Ignatius Pulung Nurprasetio1, Bentang Arief Budiman1,2, Arya Adhinugraha1, Arista Eka Putra1

1Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganeca 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia


*[email protected]

Abstract

Commercial freight vehicle is essential for daily goods distribution from one place to another. It is quite common that freight operators load their trucks beyond the allowable weight limit to maximize profit. This behavior leads to deterioration of road surface in Indonesia, which significantly increases road maintenance cost. To remedy the situation, anterior strategy would be to provide overload prevention device, while posterior strategy should measure vehicle weight while it is moving and detect the overloaded vehicle. This paper deals with the first strategy, in which a bluetooth-based wireless strain measuring system is developed. The main subsystem which consisted of strain gage, Wheatstone bridge, Arduino Nano plus strain amplifier and Bluetooth modules, is placed on the load picking component of the vehicle, while additional subsystem consisted of Arduino Nano plus Bluetooth module and relays, is attached to the ignition wiring. Laboratory experiment showed that the system works and the design achieved the intended purpose, in the sense that it will cut engine power supply and trigger the alarm when the vehicle is overloaded. As a future work, we will install the system in a real vehicle to observe the performance of the system in an actual situation.

Keywords: Freight overload prevention, Wireless measurement, Bluetooth, Arduino, Strain gage, Strain amplifier


104

[ABS-12] Road Crack Detection using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and OTSU Algorithm

Yuslena Sari1,2*, Andrean Rezky Baskara1, Puguh Budi Prakoso2,3

1Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

3Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lambung Mangkurat,

*[email protected]

Abstract

Cracks are one type of pavement surface damages, whose assessment is very important for developing road network maintenance strategies, which aims to ensure the functioning of the road and driving safety. Existing methods for automatic crack detection depend mostly on expensive equipment and high maintenance and cannot divide the crack segments accurately. This paper discusses an automation method of classification and segmentation of asphalt pavement cracks. The goal of the research is to classify asphalt pavement cracks using the classification method of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm and segmentation method of the OTSU algorithm. The OTSU algorithm for segmentation has advantages in choosing the optimal threshold that is stable. This algorithm is proven to be more effective and stronger than conventional segmentation algorithms. For detection results, the proposed method achieves overall accuracy.

Keywords: crack; SVM; segmentation; OTSU


105

[ABS-49] Analysis of The Relationship Between Accident, Speed and Volume (Case Study: Inter-City

Highway Jasa Marga Surabaya-Gempol)

Anton Budiharjo, Alfan Baharuddin, Fitria Nur Aeni*

Polytechnic of Road Transportation Safety

*[email protected]

Abstract

Theoretically there is a fundamental relationship between the number of accidents, speed and volume. Mathematical and graphic relationships can be used to understand those traffic behaviour. This model is expected to provide estimates or predictions of traffic accident figures as a basis to improve traffic safety on Surabaya-Gempol toll road. Data processing is performed using the non-linear Poisson regression method because accident rates are discrete and cannot be negative. From the results it is known that in Waru-Sidoarjo segment, the lower the speed, the denser the traffic volume and accidents will remain constant. In the Sidoarjo-Porong section, the denser the traffic volume, the speed will decrease and the accident rate will increase. In Kejapanan-Gempol section, the denser the traffic volume, the less accidents will occur.

Keywords: Accident, speed and volume relationship, Poisson Regression, Accident relationship models


106

[ABS-54] The Effect of Air Gap on Braking Performance of Eddy Current Brakes on Electric Vehicle

Braking Systems

Mufti Reza Aulia Putra1, Muhammad Nizam2,3*, Dominicus Danardono Dwi Prija Tjahjana1,3, Hery Tri Waloyo1

1Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret 2Departement of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret


*[email protected]

Abstract

Braking system by using friction is critical in electric vehicles. However, the use of excessive friction will cause a decrease in braking performance. One alternative solution is to use the Eddy current braking system (ECB). ECB is a braking system that utilizes eddy currents generated by induction when the rotor rotates due to the magnetic field produced by the stator. This study discusses the use of ECB for electric motorcycle disk braking systems. This study aims to determine the effect of air gap on braking performance of ECB on an electric motor. The finite element (FEM) method was used in ECB performance modeling. The results showed that the need for a combination of motorcycle disks with disks that match the ECB with maximum torque at 12Nm. It can be concluded that using ECB can effectively increase the braking power by reducing friction on the braking disk. It means the ECB system can extend the life of the braking disc.

Keywords: Brakes; Eddy Current Brake; Electromagnetic


107

[ABS-56] Glassbead Test of Thermoplastic Types in Road Markings Reflection Level

Agus Sahri, Anton Budiharjo, Cahya Putra Dinata*, Haryo Praseto Rintyo Nugroho, Rio Riswanda

Polytechnic of Road Transport Safety, Tegal, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

In improving the traffic management system in accordance with Law No. 22/2009, efficient and effective road infrastructure is needed which includes several aspects including safe, secure, fast and convenient. One such road infrastructure is road markings which have an important role in traffic especially the influence of the level of visibility generated by the road markings. This can affect the traffic especially at night where the level of visibilty produced by the markers is very influential on motorists. One of the factors that influence the lack of visibility level of the markers is the use of glassbead in the painting process. Therefore, it is necessary to study related to the use of glassbead levels on road markings, especially on thermoplastic markers where thermoplastic markers are widely used in several roads and conduct studies related to whether the visibility standards produced by these markers in the form of mark reflectivity levels are in accordance with field implementation.

Keywords: Thermoplastic, Glassbead, Reflektifity, Road Markings, Visibility


108


[ABS-91] How Engineering Service Providers Can Support Local EV Development

Stephan Brandl*

AVL GmbH, Austria

*[email protected]

Abstract

Content of this session will be how engineering service suppliers can support Indonesia economy and Indonesian OEMs to boost local EV development. In the beginning, most important components for future EVs and required charging solutions will be highlighted. Additionally, a brief overview of potential component developments and integration of off-the-shelf systems as well as production and cost engineering will be presented.

Keywords: Engineering, Local EV development, OEM


109

[ABS-6] Sensorless Control of Railway Traction Motor in The Energy Point of View

Maghfiroh, H.1, Hermanu, C.1,2, Nizam, M.1,2*

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Railway systems, especially electric railway, are more efficient compared to another mode of transportation. However, it consumes a lot of electrical power. Therefore, improving energy efficiency is a great interest to reduce operational cost. Traction motor consumes a lot of portion of energy in railway rolling stock. In this paper, the comparative study between Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) sensored and IFOC-sensorless are studied in both performance and energy viewpoint to know which one has better efficiency. MRAS is chosen as speed estimation in sensorless method. Case studies with constant track and variable track were performed. The result shows that sensorless method using MRAS can be applied in railway application. However, its performance is decreases in braking mode shown by acceleration fluctuation. However, the speed performance is well. According to speed performance both methods have good result. In the energy point of view, sensored method resulted more energy from regenerative braking. From the total energy consumption, sensored method can save energy up to 33.76 % compared with sensorless method in constant track.

Keywords: railway, traction motor, motor control, sensorless


110

[ABS-16] Novel Design of Four-Wheeler Electric vehicle with Semi-Autonomous Control System for

Developing Countries

Mohammad Zahirul Islam, Ali Ahsan, A.K.M. Waliuzzaman*, Mohammad Abdul Hannan, Md Khalilur Rhaman, Md Saiful Islam

BRAC University, Dhaka

*[email protected]

Abstract

Electric three-wheeler vehicles are getting popular in many progressive countries and Bangladesh is one of them. Based on the study of current vehicle systems in Bangladesh novel design of a four-wheeler low cost safe electric vehicle has been approached in this research paper for daily uses. Double wishbone independent suspension system with high performance shock absorber helps the design to ensure a smooth movement. Implementation of CAN Bus system minimizes wire management and ensures a flawless data transfer with interactive control system. Sensor node based forward collision avoidance algorithm has been proposed to assuring safety and introducing a semi-autonomous control system. Custom designed integrated GPS tracking system diminish the chance of unwanted theft threat and maintain a strong navigation system. Different software-based simulation with a couple of real-life experiments in different road condition justify the sustainability and accuracy for all the designed systems.

Keywords: Electric car, Collision avoidance, CAN bus System


111

[ABS-84] A simple method to improve accuration of rotor position sensing for PMSM motor with hall

effect position sensor using state observer

M. Ridwan*

PT. Len Persero, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

Field Oriented Control in PMSM needs accurate angle information to generate maximum torque and less ripple. However, many economic PMSM motors are only equipped with hall sensors which have up to 60 degrees error. In some applications where continuous torque is necessary, angle error will lead the motor into stall condition or even stopped rotating. A state observer is proposed to improve FOC control performance by reducing angle error from Hall sensors. Current and voltage input of the motor is used as information to predict the rotor angle. Computer simulation has been done using PSIM(TM), and the simulation result shows a significant improvement on the performance indicated by less torque ripple.

Keywords: Field Oriented Control


112

[ABS-83] Design of Five Stages Cockroft-Walton with Passive Filter

Vicky Mudeng1*, Yun Tonce Kusuma Priyanto1,2, Himawan Wicaksono1, Vicky Andria Kusuma1, Mohammad Muntaha2,3

1Institut Teknologi Kalimantan 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

3Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

*[email protected]

Abstract

Cockroft-Walton (CW) is a voltage multiplier (VM) circuit with an alternating current (AC) input to generate a direct current (DC) output. The CW circuit consists of several stages. Each stage, there are two diodes and capacitors to shift the AC input to be DC output. The maximum output of CW is the multiplication of two and number of stages, then the multiplied result times the peak voltage of AC input to obtain the DC voltage. However, the DC output contains ripple voltage. Therefore, the work within this study discusses five stages CWVM to ensure that it can effective as a power supply for the electric vehicle. We develop CWVM with the output of the multiplication between two and input peak voltage. To reduce the ripple voltage, we implement a capacitor filter in the simulation for verifying the results. Also, we simulate the output voltage by considering the results for each stage. The results indicate that the developed CWVM is reasonable to be a power supply for the electric vehicle.

Keywords: Cockroft-Walton, voltage multiplier, power supply


113


[ABS-68] Finite Element Analysis of CRCP Slab Track Built with Active Crack Control System

Puguh Budi Prakoso1,2*, Bernhard Lechner3

1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Indonesia

3Chair and Institute of Road, Railway and Airfield Construction, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

*[email protected]

Abstract

Ballastless track is designed for long time period of service up to 60 years or even more. It has main goal to achieve a high performance and less significant maintenance during the service. One development of the standard design, which can be introduced to improve a continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) railway track is by implementing active crack control construction type on the conventional CRCP track. In this system, the in-situ casted of CRCP slab is cut in a spacing interval immediately after it reaches a certain level of sufficient hardening state. This study is conducted to discuss the standard design procedures and the performance of slab track Rheda-2000 based on the long year experience of its implementation in Germany and to study parameters of cut spacing and subgrade bearing capacity of the Rheda-2000 built with active crack control system. The static Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been carried out using 3D model in ANSYS to assess the performance of the standard Rheda-2000 built with active crack control system based on ultimate limit state design criteria. The substructure support is also ranged to investigate the limit performance of the system and to represent different levels of subgrade bearing capacity. The assessment is mainly based on the safety factor and comprises a combination of theoretical, analytical, empirical and FEA methods of ballastless track design procedures. The results demonstrate that there is a critical length of cut spacing of the slab and certain required bearing capacity limit of the substructure to achieve an equilibrium and optimal slab track designed with active crack control system.

Keywords: Rheda-2000, CRCP, active crack control, slab track, FEA


114

[ABS-25] Simulation Study on Thermal Characteristics and Temperature Distribution of Lithium-Ion

Battery Pack in Electric Trike

Kristiawan Ariwibawa1*, Putu Handre Kertha Utama2, Edi Leksono2, Irsyad Nashirul Haq2,3, Suprijanto2,3


3National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology. Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The lithium-ion batteries (LIB) frequently being used in the electric vehicle due to high energy density, high power density, and fairly long-life cycles. In this paper, LIB applied to electric trike which becoming very popular recently. Performance and life cycles of LIB sensitive to temperature, so it is necessary to maintain the temperature condition in the range of -20oC to 40oC. Temperature significantly affects the performance of the LIB battery and also limits the applications of the LIB battery. To be able to maintain the temperature of LIB at optimum temperature, the temperature distribution inside the LIB pack should be investigated first. This paper study the temperature distribution of the LIB pack used in the electric trike. Pack geometry, as well as the surrounding condition, first build in Solidworks. The geometry model then imported to Comsol Multiphysics to study phenomena of mass transport and heat transfer within the LIB pack and surrounding area. The main objective of this study is to lay the foundation to design the battery thermal management system (BTMS) in the LIB pack for the electric trike.

Keywords: lithium-ion batteries, thermal characteristic, temperature distribution, electric trike


115

[ABS-28] Battery Thermal Characteristics Estimation Using Finite Element Method

Fadhlin Nugraha Rismi1*, Irsyad Nashirul Haq2,3,Edi Leksono2, F.X. Nugroho Soelami2

1Graduate Students, Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung 2Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung


*[email protected],

Abstract

In this study, an investigation of thermal characteristics was carried out at two stages namely, the experimental stage and the simulation and modeling stage. In the experimental stage, the battery consists of 1 cell with a capacity of 14Ah. At the experimental stage, the battery under investigation works at the discharge currents C1, C2, and C4, with natural convection studies in insulation and non-insulation systems. The assumptions used in this study are the battery used have experienced more than 10 cycles, the heat radiation from the battery is ignored, the parameters and thermal constants are considered constant. The ambient temperature range for operation is at 24oC – 28,5oC. Experimental results show that the battery system under insulation conditions has more stable thermal characteristics compared to non-insulation systems. As well as the results of the simulation stage 1 battery cell under conditions of insulation and non-insulation. In addition, estiomation were also made for the 10 battery insulation system. The temperature rise characteristic shows an exponential graph on all simulations performed. By evaluating the measurement values in the experimental and simulation stages, the results of the non-insulation conditions show an error for the C1 discharging current of 1,77%, C2 of 1,97%, and C4 of 0,38%. The results of insulation conditions show an error for the C1 emptying current of 1,10%, C2 of 0,53%, and C4 of 0,05%.

Keywords: Thermal Characteristics Estimation, Battery Module, Finite Element Method, Temperature Distribution


116

[ABS-63] Battery Discharging Temperature Prediction Using Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing

Christio Revano Mege1*, Irsyad Nashirul Haq2,3, Edi Leksono2, F.X. Nugroho Soelami2

1Graduate Student at Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia 2Department of Engineering Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia


*[email protected],

Abstract

In this research the effect of temperature rising on battery performances such as depth of discharge and electricity generation efficiency had been conducted. After that temperature data acquired from data acquisition process is used as training data and test data to predict temperature using Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing. The results show that at 0.7C, cells temperatures inside module reached 35.40C, rising about 4.90C. The temperature rising is greater than single cell that rose 30C to 29.70C. Then at 1.4C the module temperature reached 38.60C rising about 8.30C. Single cell temperature at 1.4C reached 35.70C, rising 9.40C. At 2.1C, single cell reached 45.10C with temperature increasing of 18.50C. Module temperature at 2.1C reached 480C with 190C increasing. Efficiency of electricity generation of single cell at 0.7C is 92.58%. The efficiency reduced to 84.48% at 1.4C rate. Then at 2.1C rate, single cell only capable of generated energy about 23.3Wh with 76.82% efficiency. Module at 0.7C has electricity generation efficiency of 91.58%. At 1.4C, the efficiency reduced to 83.38%. At 2.1C rate, the efficiency was getting smaller to 72.9%. Predictions conducted show that Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing can predict the temperature rising in single cell. In module temperature predictions, training data was taken from one cell only to predict the rest of the cells. At 0.7C, Holt methods can predict six out of eight cells well. Five out of eight cells could also be predicted well at 1.4C. However at 2.1C, just four cells could be predicted well. The predictions accuracy of Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing decreased when the temperature uniformity in module decreased as the C-rate increased

Keywords: Battery Performances, Temperature Predictions, Holt’s Double Exponential Smoothing, Discharging Process


117

[ABS-95] Modelling of Field Orientation Control (FOC) Method in 120 kW Brushless DC Motor (BLDC)

M. Rivandi Fadli1, M. Mushthofa Musyasy1, Jihad Furqani1, Agus Purwadi2

1Electrical Power Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia


*[email protected]

Abstract

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have the advantage in high reliability compared with conventional DC motors because of the absent of the brushes. BLDC requires switching with the help of power electronic components which is 6 pulse inverters. One of the methods is field orientation control (FOC) by controlling id and iq. By controlling id and iq independently, Maximum Torque Per Ampere ratio (MPTA) to minimize the current can be achieved so that it can improve motor efficiency. In this paper, the FOC method applied in 120kW BLDC motor is investigated. From simulation result, when the torque is higher, then response of the motor is faster to achieve nominal rotational speed. Otherwise, lower torque that applied to the load cause higher ripple. The speed of BLDC motor could be control using control loop from torque control. In this paper, high torque ripple caused by difficulties of PI control setting, high load (100 Nm), and trapezoidal back-EMF of the BLDC.

Keywords: BLDC, FOC, Torque Control, Speed Control

Topic: Electric Vehicle System Drives, Motors and Machinery

118

[ABS-96] Comparison Power Consumtion 125 Watts Pump by Using AC and DC Based on Solar Energy

S. Sulistyo1,2*, Sri Nugroho1, Ade Mukti Wibowo1

1Mechanical Engineering Department Diponegoro University, Tembalang Semarang 2National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology

Bandung, Indonesia

*[email protected]

Abstract

The development of photovoltaics has shown the maturity of technology. The application can already be used as a source of electrical energy and is an environmentally friendly source of electrical energy. The use of PV technology in Indonesia has developed well for the generation of electricity for companies or household units as an alternative energy source. Currently, Indonesia has begun to develop electric car transportation by using batteries, so that it was need inverter equipment which change a direct current to the alternating current. This paper discusses the comparison of power consumtion 125 watts pump by using alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) based on solar energy using photovoltaic (PV). The type PV cell uses a 100-watt peak solar cell type silicon mounted on a portable basis and paralel connected. The PV is installed at Semarang region which connected by battery. The type battery is 100 AH, 12 V. The battery was connected to motor pump of 125 watts. There are two motors type which has specification as DC motor and AC motor. The DC motor should be connected by DC-DC converter before DC motor pump to increase the requirement voltage of motor pump while AC motor should be provided by inverter DC to AC. The pump was connected by piping system which suction pipe use a diamter of 32 mm and discharge pipe of 20 mm. The total head for both experiment are 4 m. The speed of motor was measured as in motor specification. The operating of PV was at 08.00 am – 16.00 pm. The result of the power consumtion of the DC motor was more effiency tha by using AC motor. The operation of the battery using DC motor is about two times longer than AC motor.

Keywords: Solar Energy, Photovoltaics, Pump


program book - 6th ICEVT 2019

Documents

Transcript of program book - 6th ICEVT 2019