Primary Clinical Care Manual References

Primary Clinical Care Manual

10th edition 2019

References

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| Primary Clinical Care Manual 10th edition |4

Primary Clinical Care Manual - 10th edition 2019Cover inserts

Criteria for early notification of trauma for interfacility transfer 1. Retrieval Services Queensland (RSQ). 2017. Criteria for early notification of trauma guidelines. Queensland Health,

Queensland Government. Revised: 2017, Oct; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/rts/rsq_sops

Anaphylaxis management1. Australian Prescriber. Anaphylaxis: Emergency management for health professionals. 2018; 41 (54). Accessed: 2018,

Jun. Available from: https://www.nps.org.au/australian-prescriber/articles/anaphylaxis-emergency-management-for-health-professionals

2. Australian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA). 2018. ASCIA Guidelines - Acute management of anaphylaxis. Balgowlah, NSW; ASCIA. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.allergy.org.au/health-professionals/papers/acute-management-of-anaphylaxis-guidelines

Introduction

Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration (RRCD) in acute health care1. Queensland Department of Health. Clinical Excellence Division, Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Service.

User guide: Queensland adult deterioration detection system (Q-ADDS). Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/psu/rrcd/resources

Section 1: Patient assessment and transport

History and physical examination1. Smith J, Roberts R, Smith J. 2011. Vital signs for nurses: An introduction to clinical observations. Wiley-Blackwell.

2. Pretto J, Roebuck T, Beckert L, Hamilton G. 2014. Clinical use of pulse oximetry: Official guidelines from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.thoracic.org.au/clinical...file/id/34/.../Pretto_et_al-2014-Respirology.pdf

3. Talley NJ, O'Connor S. Clinical examination: A systematic guide to physical diagnosis. 7th ed. Chatswood, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Australia; 2014.

4. Jarvis C. Jarvis's physical examination & health assessment. Sydney, NSW: Elsevier Australia; 2012.

5. Queensland Government. 2013. Patient Safety Unit. Patient safety notice No. 7/2013. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/psu/alerts/alerts

6. Queensland Government. 2014. Patient Safety Unit. 2014. Patient safety notice No. 9/2014. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/psu/alerts/alerts

7. Queensland Department of Health. Health Support Queensland. 2018. Pathology forms. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/hsq/pathology/testing/forms

Clinical consultation1. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Healthcare. 2018. ISOBAR for inter-hospital transfers. Western Australia

Country Health Service and Royal Perth Hospital. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/our-work/clinical-communications/clinical-handover/national-clinical-handover-initiative-pilot-program/isobar-for-inter-hospital-transfers/

Section 2: Pain management, nausea and vomiting

Acute pain management1. Australian Government. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). National Institute of Clinical

Studies. Emergency care acute pain management manual. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council; 2011.

2. Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Faculty of Pain Medicine. Schug SA, Palmer GM, Scott

https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/rts/rsq_sops

https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/rts/rsq_sops

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5 References

DA, Halliwell R, Trinca J, editors. 2015. Acute pain management: Scientific evidence. 4th ed. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: http://asp-au.secure-zone.net/v2/index.jsp?id=522/2055/8212&lng=en

3. Department of Health and Ageing. 2013. FLACC pain scale. Australian Government. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/triageqrg~triageqrg-pain~triageqrg-FLACC

4. International Association for the Study of Pain. 2018. Faces pain scale - revised home. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: http://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1519

5. eTG complete. 2012. Acute pain: A general approach. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-pain-general-approach#toc_d1e47

6. eTG complete. 2012. Acute pain: traumatic. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Feb; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-pain-traumatic&guidelineName=Analgesic#toc_d1e75

7. eTG complete. 2018. Stepwise approach to acute pain management. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-pain-general-approach&guidelineName=Analgesic#toc_d1e191

8. Pasero C. Assessment of sedation during opioid administration for pain management. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing; 2009; 24 (3). pp 186-190. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.jopan.org/article/S1089-9472(09)00083-5/abstract

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Paracetamol. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/analgesics/drugs-pain-relief/non-opioid-analgesics/paracetamol

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ibuprofen. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/rheumatological-drugs/drugs-other-musculoskeletal-conditions/nsaids/ibuprofen

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Oxycodone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/analgesics/drugs-pain-relief/opioid-analgesics/oxycodone

12. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Morphine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-03/drugs-pain-relief/analgesics-opioid/morphine

13. MIMS Online. 2018. Morphine sulphate injection BP Full Pl. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPl.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Morphine+sulphate&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=3790001_2

14. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Morphine. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/m/morphine

15. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Fentanyl. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/analgesics/drugs-pain-relief/opioid-analgesics/fentanyl?menu=hints

16. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Fentanyl. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/f/fentanyl

17. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Methoxyflurane. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anaesthetics/general-anaesthetics/inhaled-anaesthetics/methoxyflurane

18. MIMS Online. 2018. Methoxyflurane. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Methoxyflurane&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=38540001_2

19. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Naloxone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antidotes-antivenoms/antidotes/naloxone

20. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Naloxone hydrochloride. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/n/

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naloxone_hydrochloride

21. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nitrous oxide. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anaesthetics/general-anaesthetics/inhaled-anaesthetics/nitrous-oxide

Nausea and vomiting1. Anderson WD, 3rd, Strayer SM. Evaluation of nausea and vomiting: a case-based approach. American Family

Physician; 2013; 88 (6). pp 371-379. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=mdc&AN=24134044&site=eds-live

2. Longstrenth GF. 2016. Approach to the adult with nausea and vomiting. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-nausea-and-vomiting?search=nausea&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. Furyk JS, Meek RA, Egerton-Warburton D. Drugs for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in adults in the emergency department setting. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2015; (9). Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://doi.org//10.1002/14651858.CD010106.pub2

4. BMJ Best Practice. 2018. Assessment of nausea and vomiting, adults: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (BMJ). Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/631/diagnosis-approach

5. Di Lorenzo C. 2018. Approach to the infant or child with nausea and vomiting. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-infant-or-child-with-nausea-and-vomiting?search=nausea&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nausea and vomiting. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/gastrointestinal-drugs/antiemetics/nausea-vomiting

7. eTG complete. 2018. Nausea and vomiting. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2016, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=nausea-vomiting&guidelineName=Gastrointestinal#toc_d1e76

8. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2019. Ondansetron. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/gastrointestinaldrugs/antiemetics/ht3-antagonists/ondansetron

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metoclopramide. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/gastrointestinal-drugs/antiemetics/dopamine-antagonists/metoclopramide

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ondansetron. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/gastrointestinal-drugs/antiemetics/ht3-antagonists/ondansetron

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benztropine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/neurological-drugs/drugs-parkinsonism/anticholinergics/benzatropine

12. eTG complete. 2019. Supportive management of acute gastroenteritis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=supportive-management-gastrointestinal&guidelineName=Gastrointestinal#toc_d1e842

Section 3: Emergency

Resuscitation

DRS ABCD resuscitation/the collapsed patient1. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 4 - Airway. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan;

Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 6 - Compressions. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

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7 References

3. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 5 - Breathing. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

4. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR basic lIfe support flowchart. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

Advanced life support (ALS)1. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 12.2 - Advanced life support for infants and children:

diagnosis and management. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2017. ANZCOR guideline 11.2 - Protocols for adult advanced life support. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2017, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

3. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Adrenaline (epinephrine). Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/a/adrenaline_%28epinephrine%29

4. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Amiodarone. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/a/amiodarone

5. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2018. ANZCOR guideline 11.2 - Protocols for adult advanced life support. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. Children's Dosing Companion. 2018. Amiodarone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/amiodarone

7. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2017. ANZCOR guideline 12.1 - Introduction to paediatric advanced life support. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2017, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

8. Podrid P. 2018. Pathophysiology and etiology of sudden cardiac arrest. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-and-etiology-of-sudden-cardiac-arrest?search=causes%20of%20cardiac%20arrest&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

9. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 11.7 - Post-resuscitation therapy in adult advanced life support. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

10. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 12.3 - Flowchart for the sequential management of life-threatening dysrhythmias in infants and children. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed 2018, Sep. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

11. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 11.5 - Medications in adult cardiac arrest. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed 2018, Sep. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

12. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 12.4 - Medications in fluids in paediatric advanced life support. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed 2018, Sep. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

Oxygen delivery

Oxygen delivery1. Roberts JR, Hedges JR. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PO: Saunders Elsevier; 2010.

2. eTG complete. 2015. Principles of oxygen use. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Mar; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-oxygen-therapy&guidelineName=Respiratory#toc_d1e52

3. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Oxygen delivery - Clinical guidelines (nursing). Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2017; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: www.rch.org.au/rchcpg/hospital_clinical_guideline_index/Oxygen_delivery

4. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2017. ANZCOR guideline 14.2 - Acute Coronary Syndromes: Initial Medical Therapy. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

5. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2017. ANZCOR guideline 11.6.1 - Targeted Oxygen Therapy in Adult Advanced Life Support. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

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Larynegeal mask airway (LMA) insertion1. Robinson A, Ercole A. Evaluation of the self-inflating bag-valve-mask and non-rebreather mask as preoxygenation

devices in volunteers. BMJ Open; NCBI: PubMed Central; 2012; 2 (5). Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3488733/

2. Heptinstall E. 2015. Should Bite Guards Be Used With Laryngeal Mask Airways In Adults? BETs Best Evidence Topics. Revised: 2015, Mar; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: http://bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=2567

Intraosseous infusion

Intraosseous infusion1. Philbeck T, Miller L, Montez D, Puga T. Hurts so Good: Easing IO Pain and Pressure. Journal of Emergency Medicine;

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; 2010. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: http://www.turvatieto.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/JEMSHurtssogoodIOPhilbeck-2.pdf

2. Vidacare Corporation - Science & Clinical Department. 2013. The Science & Fundamentals of Intraosseous Vascular Access. 2nd ed. Texas, USA: Teleflex - Clinical Education Resources. Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: http://www.teleflex.com/en/usa/ezioeducation/documents/EZ-IO_SAFIOVA-M-607%20Rev%20B-PrintVersion.pdf

3. Perron CE. 2015. Intraosseous infusion. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: Aug 2017; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intraosseous-infusion

4. eTG complete. 2015. Acute pain: postoperative. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, July; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-pain-perioperative&guidelineName=Analgesic#toc_d1e189

5. eTG complete. 2015. Pain in children: Pharmalogical management of pain in children. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Oct; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=pain-children&guidelineName=Analgesic#toc_d1e931

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Lidocaine (lignocaine) (anaesthesia). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-02/anaesthesia-local-drugs/anaesthetics-local/lignocaine-01

7. Queensland Ambulance Service. Clinical practice procedures: Access/Intraosseious - EZ-IO. Queensland Department of Health. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/docs/clinical/cpp/CPP_Intraosseous_EZIO.pdf

Critical emergencies

Unconscious/altered level of consciousness 1. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 3 - Recognition and First Aid Management of the

Unconscious Person. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

2. Cooksley T, Rose S, Holland M. A systematic approach to the unconscious patient. Royal College of Physicians; 2018; 18 (1). pp 88-92. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: http://www.clinmed.rcpjournal.org/content/18/1/88.full.pdf+html

3. Hew R. Altered conscious state. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 405-410.

4. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 4 - Airway. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

Shock 1. Initial evaluation and management of shock in adult trauma, 2017. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2017, Jun.

Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/home

2. Garrett P. Shock overview. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 38-48.

3. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 9.2.3 - Shock. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

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9 References


Sepsis/septic shock1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 2016. Sepsis: Recognition, diagnosis and early management.

NG51. London, UK. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: nice.org.uk/guidance/ng51

2. Queensland Government. 2018. Emergency department paediatric sepsis pathway (v1.0,11/2018). Accessed: 2018, Dec.

3. Yealy DM, Huang DT, Delaney A, Knight M, Randolph AG, Daniels R, Nutbeam T. 2015. Recognizing and managing sepsis: What needs to be done? BMC Medicine. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-015-0335-2

4. Queensland Government. 2018. ED adult sepsis pathway (v0.32, 11/2018). Accessed: 2018, Dec.

5. Schmidt G, Mandel J. 2018. Evaluation and management of sepsis and septic shock in adults. UpToDate: Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, May; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-suspected-sepsis-and-septic-shock-in-adults?search=sepsis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

6. Pelvin R, Callcut R. Update in sepsis guidelines: what is really new? Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open. BMJ Journals; 2017; 2 (1). pp 1-6. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/2/1/e000088

7. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA; 2016; 315 (8). pp 801-810. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4968574/

8. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, Kumar A, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Nunnally ME, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2016. Critical Care Medicine; 2017; 45 (3). pp 486-552. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Fulltext/2017/03000/Surviving_Sepsis_Campaign___International.15.aspx

9. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Ipswich, MA:EBSCO Information Services. Revised: 2018, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T903871/Streptococcal-toxic-shock-syndrome

10. Fleischmann-Struzek C, Goldfarb D, Schlattmann P, Schlapach L, Reinhart K, Kissoon N. The global burden of paediatric and neonatal sepsis: A systematic review. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine; 2018; 6 (3). pp 223-230. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S2213260018300638?returnurl=null&referrer=null

11. eTG complete. 2018. Empirical therapy for sepsis in children, source not apparent. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=severe-sepsis&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e427

12. eTG complete. 2018. Empirical therapy for sepsis in adults, source not apparent. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=severe-sepsis&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e427

13. eTG complete. 2018. Severe sepsis and septic shock. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=severe-sepsis&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e427

14. Queensland Health. 2018. Procedure: Medication - Administration v4.0. State of Queensland (Queensland Health). Accessed: 2019, Mar. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/2122224/proc_01039.pdf

15. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Ampicillin sodium. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/a/ampicillin_sodium

16. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ampicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: Jul 2018; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from:https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/ampicillin?menu=hints

17. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Cefotaxime sodium. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/cefotaxime_

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sodium

18. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Cefotaxime. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/cefotaxime?menu=hints

19. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Vancomycin. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Accessed: 2018,Nov. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/v/vancomycin_hydrochloride

20. eTG complete. 2018. Principles of vancomycin use (Appendix 2.3). Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=vancomycin-use-principles

21. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Flucloxacillin. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/f/flucloxacillin_sodium

22. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Gentamicin. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/g/gentamicin

23. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Meropenem. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/m/meropenem

24. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Meropenem. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/carbapenems/meropenem

Meningitis1. Queensland Government. Queensland Health. 2012. Acute management of suspected meningococcal disease clinical

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Acute coronary syndromes1. National Heart Foundation of Australia & Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Australian clinical guidelines

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2. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Healthcare. 2014. Acute Coronary Syndromes Clinical Care Standard. Sydney: ACSQHC. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/publications/acute-coronary-syndromes-clinical-care-standard/

3. Queensland Government. 2017. Possible cardiac chest pain clinical pathway. Revised: 2017, May; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://clinicalexcellence.qld.gov.au/resources/clinical-pathways/cardiac-clinical-pathways

4. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Chest pain in adults - approach to the patient: EBSCO Health. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=905272. Registration and login required.

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6. Queensland Government. 2015. Patient safety communique No. 3/2015 - recognition of sepsis in a patient with elevated Troponin. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/psu/alerts/alerts

7. Queensland Government. 2017. Acute coronary syndrome clinical pathway. Revised: 2017, May; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://clinicalexcellence.qld.gov.au/resources/clinical-pathways/cardiac-clinical-pathways

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Aspirin (antiplatelet). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/blood-electrolytes/antiplatelet-drugs/other-antiplatelet-drugs/aspirin-antiplatelet

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Glyceral Trinitrate. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018 Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/cardiovascular-drugs/drugs-angina/nitrates/glyceryl-trinitrate?menu=hints

10. Queensland Government. 2016. Thrombolysis for STEMI clinical pathway. State of Queensland. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://clinicalexcellence.qld.gov.au/resources/clinical-pathways/cardiac-clinical-pathways

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Tenecteplase. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/blood-electrolytes/thrombolytics/tenecteplase

12. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed. 2018. Tenecteplase. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/t/tenecteplase

13. eTG complete. 2018. Fibrinolytic therapy. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-coronary-syndromes&guidelineName=Cardiovascular#toc_d1e148

14. Queensland Government. 2017. Patient safety communique No. 7/2017- Administration of IV enoxaparin via a needle-free intravenous access system using a graduated pre-filled syringe. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/psu/alerts/alerts

15. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Enoxaparin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018 Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/blood-electrolytes/anticoagulants/heparins/enoxaparin?menu=hints

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Acute pulmonary oedema1. eTG complete. 2018. Acute chest pain. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed:

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4. eTG complete. 2018. Heart Failure. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=heart-failure&guidelineName=Cardiovascular#toc_d1e860

5. Siegel M. 2018. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Clinical features, diagnosis, and complications in adults. Uptodate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018 Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-clinical-features-diagnosis-and-complications-in-adults?search=acute%20pulmonary%20edema&source=search_result&selectedTitle=13~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=13

6. Colucci WS. 2018. Treatment of acute decompensated heart failure: Components of therapy. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-acute-decompensated-heart-failure-components-of-therapy?search=pulmonary%20edema%20treatment&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

7. Hyzy RC, CmSparron JI. 2018. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure in adults. UptoDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/noninvasive-ventilation-in-acute-respiratory-failure-in-adults?search=management%20of%20acute%20pulmonary%20oedema&source=search_result&selectedTitle=13~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=13

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Furosemide (frusemide). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/cardiovascular-drugs/drugs-heart-failure/loop-diuretics/furosemide

9. eTG complete. 2018. Acute chest pain. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Cardiovascular&topicfile=acute-chest-pain&guidelineName=Cardiovascular&sectionId=toc_d1e47#toc_d1e47

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Glyceral Trinitrate. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/cardiovascular-drugs/drugs-angina/nitrates/glyceryl-trinitrate?menu=hints

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (cardiovascular). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/cardiovascular-drugs/drugs-pulmonary-hypertension/phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors-cardiovascular?menu=hints

12. eTG complete. 2018. Overview of stable angina. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=stable-angina&guidelineName=Cardiovascular#toc_d1e47

13. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed. 2018. Furosemide (frusemide). Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/t/tenecteplase

Cardiac arrhythmias1. National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Australian clinical

guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation. Heart, Lung and Circulation; 2018; 27. pp 1209-1266. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/for-professionals

2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2009. ANZCOR guideline 11.9 - Managing acute dysrhythmia. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

3. Papagerogiou P. 2017. Atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorders. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T907302/Atrioventricular-AV-conduction-disorders

4. Levy S, Olshansky B. 2017. Arrhythmia management for the primary care clinician. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arrhythmia-management-for-the-primary-care-clinician?search=cardiac%20arrhythmias&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usa

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Electrocution/electric shock1. Czuczman A, Zane R. Electrical injuries: a review for the emergency clinician. Evidence Based Medicine; 2009; 11 (10).

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2. Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service. Electrocution and electrical injury - emergency management in children. Queensland Health; 2016. Accessed: 2018 Jun. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/701833/gdl-00735.pdf

3. Lin M. 2017. Electrical injuries. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116526/Electrical-injuries

4. Sanford A, Gamelli RL. Lightning and thermal injuries. Handb Clin Neurol; NCBI, PubMed. 2014; 120. pp 981-986. Accessed 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24365365

Acute hypertensive crisis1. eTG complete. 2018. Urgent control of elevated blood pressure. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised:

2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=urgent-control-severe-bp-elevation&guidelineName=Cardiovascular&topicNavigation=navigateTopic#toc_d1e652

2. Gunn B, Farhan M, Lee M. Hypertension. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 273-276.

3. Elliott WJ, Varron J. 2017. Evaluation and treatment of hypertensive emergencies in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-treatment-of-hypertensive-emergencies-in-adults?search=SYMTOMS%20OF%20ACUTE%20HYPERTENSIVE%20CRISIS&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Glyceryl trinitrate. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/cardiovascular-drugs/drugs-angina/nitrates/glyceryl-trinitrate?menu=hints

5. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Glyceryl trinitrate. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Revised: 2018, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/g/glyceryl_trinitrate

Acute lower leg ischaemia 1. eTG complete. 2018. Peripheral arterial disease. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar;

Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=peripheral-artery-disease&guidelineName=Cardiovascular#toc_d1e171

2. Mitchell ME, Carpenter JP. 2018. Clinical features and diagnosis of acute lower extremity ischemia. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-and-diagnosis-of-acute-lower-extremity-ischemia?search=acute%20limb%20ischemia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~103&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. Aufderheide TP. Peripheral arteriovascular disease. In. Marx J, Hockberger R, Walls R. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby, Elsevier; 2013.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) 1. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Ipswich, MA:EBSCO Information Services. Accessed: 2018, Mar.

Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T133588/Deep-vein-thrombosis-DVT

2. eTG complete. 2018. Venous thromboembolism: treatment. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=deep-vein-thromobosis-and-pulmonary-embolism-treatment&sectionId=cvg7-c27-s3#cvg7-c27-s3-1

3. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Healthcare. Venous thromboembolism prevention clinical care standard consultation draft. Sydney, NSW. 2017. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au

4. Graham CA. Peripheral vascular disease. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 268-273.

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5. Mountain D. Pulmonary embolism. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 244-251.

6. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Venous thromboembolism in adults: diagnosis and management. qs29. London, UK. 2018. Revised: 2016, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs29

7. Queensland Government. Department of Health. Guideline for anticoagulation and prophylaxis using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in adult patients. 2016. QH-GDL-951:2015. V4. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/147533/qh-gdl-951.pdf

Neurological emergencies

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (spontaneous)1. eTG complete. 2017. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2011, Jul;

Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=stroke-TIA-management&guidelineName=Neurology#toc_d1e962

2. Al-Shahi R, White P, Davenport R, Lindsay K. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. British Medical Journal; 2006, Jul; 333 (7561). pp 235-240. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.bmj.com/content/333/7561/235

3. Long B, Koyfman A, Runyon M. Subarachnoid haemorrhage: Updates in diagnosis and management. Emergency Medical Clinics of North America; Elsevier; 2017, Nov; 35 (4). pp 803-824. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/journal/1-s2.0-S0733862717300603

4. Rosengarten P. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 400-404.

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke1. National Stroke Foundation. 2017. Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Feb.

Available from: https://strokefoundation.org.au/what-we-do/treatment-programs/clinical-guidelines

2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. cg68. London, UK. 2008. Revised: 2017, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg68

3. Go S, Worman D. Stroke, transient ischemic attack, and cervical artery dissection. In: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, editors. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A comprehensive study guide. 7th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2011. pp 1122-1135.

4. Rae-Grant Alexander. 2018. Stroke (acute management). In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T143427/Stroke-acute-management#Diagnosis

Delirium1. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare. Delirium Clinical Care Standard. Sydney, NSW. 2016.

Accessed: 2018, Sept. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au

2. Francis J, Yong GB. 2018. Diagnosis of delirium and confusional states. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2014, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-of-delirium-and-confusional-states?search=delirium&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. Francis J. 2018. Delirium and acute confusional states: Prevention, treatment and prognosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2014, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delirium-and-acute-confusional-states-prevention-treatment-and-prognosis?topicRef=4824&source=see_link

4. eTG complete. 2018. Delirium. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2013, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=delirium&guidelineName=Psychotropic&topicNavigation=navigateTopic#toc_d1e304

Traumatic injuries

Traumatic injuries1. Hodgetts TJ, Mahoney PF, Russell MQ, Byers M. ABC to <C>ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm. Emerg Med

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2. Sharrock AE, Midwinter M. Damage control - trauma care in the first hour and beyond: a clinical review of relevant developments in the field of trauma care. Ann R Coll Surg Engl; NCBI: PubMed; 2013, Apr; 95 (3). pp 177-183. Accessed: 2017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4165240/

3. Gurney D, Westergard A.M. Chapter 5 - Initial assessment. In: Emergency Nurses Association, editor. TNCC - Trauma Nursing Core Course. 7th ed. IL, USA: Emergency Nurses Association; 2014.

4. National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMT). 2017. TCCC Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines for Medical Personnel. Clinton, MS. Accessed: 2017, Jul. Available from: http://www.naemt.org/education/TCCC/guidelines_curriculum

5. Mayglothinling J. 2017. Initial evaluation and management of penetrating thoracic trauma in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Mar; Accessed: 2017, Aug. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-evaluation-and-management-of-penetrating-thoracic-trauma-in-adults?source=search_result&search=open%20chest%20wounds&selectedTitle=1~150


7. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2017. ANZCOR guideline 9.1.1 - First aid for management of bleeding. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2017, July; Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

8. Garrett P. Shock overview. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 38-48.

9. Brunett PH, Yarris LM, Cevik AA. Pulmonary trauma. In: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, editors. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A comprehensive study guide. 7th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Education/Medical; 2011. pp 1744-1758.

10. Shlamovitz GZ, Mower WR, Bergman J, Crisp J, DeVore HK, Hardy D, Sargent M, Shroff SD, Snyder E, Morgan MT. Poor test characteristics for the digital rectal examination in trauma patients. Ann Emerg Med J; NCBI: PubMed; 2007, Jul; 50 (1). pp 25-33. Accessed: Aug, 2017. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17391807

11. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 9.1.6 - Management of suspected spinal injury. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

12. Queensland Ambulance Service. 2016. Clinical practice procedures: Trauma/cervical collar. Queensland Government. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://www.ambulance.qld.gov.au/docs/clinical/cpp/CPP_Cervical%20collar.pdf

Chest injuries1. Legome E. 2018. Initial evaluation and management of blunt thoracic trauma in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer.

Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-evaluation-and-management-of-blunt-thoracic-trauma-in-adults?search=flail%20chest&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~28&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

2. Meuller DK. 2015. Tension pneumothorax. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115634/Tension-pneumothorax

3. Fitzgerald M, Gocentas R, Stevens J. Chest trauma. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 104-109.

4. Lowe J, Fox S. Easter J, Fox S, Zonfrillo M, editors. Chest trauma/Flail chest. Melbourne, VIC: PEMSoft Ebsco Publishing; 2017. Accessed: 2017, Aug. Available from: http://pemsoft.ebscohost.com/contentUK/PPacCore/UID158876.html#FLAIL+CHEST

Head injuries1. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2017. Head Injury - Clinical practice guidelines. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed:

2017, Aug. Available from: http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Head_injury/

2. National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMT). 2017. TCCC Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines for Medical Personnel. Clinton, MS. Accessed: 2017, Jul. Available from: http://www.naemt.org/education/TCCC/guidelines_curriculum

3. Trauma Victoria. 2014. Major trauma guidelines & education - Victorian State Trauma System. Traumatic brain injury.

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4. Queensland Government. Queensland Health. 2012. Head injury (children) clinical pathway. Accessed: 2017, Aug. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/435235/head-injury-child.pdf

5. Reed D. 2011. Adult trauma clinical practice guidelines - Initial management of closed head injury in adults. 2nd ed. North Sydney, NSW: New South Wales Ministry of Health. Accessed: 2017, Aug. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/195150/Closed_Head_Injury_CPG_2nd_Ed_Full_document.pdf

6. Queensland Government. Queensland Health. 2014. Closed head injury (adult) clinical pathway. Accessed: 2017, Aug. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/432314/head-injury.pdf

7. Hodgetts TJ, Mahoney PF, Russell MQ, Byers M. ABC to <C>ABC: redefining the military trauma paradigm. Emerg Med J; NCBI: PubMed Central; 2006; 23 (10). pp 745-746. Accessed: 2017, Sep. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2579588/

8. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 9.1.6 - Management of suspected spinal injury. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/


10. UpToDate. Evaluation and management of elevated intracranial pressure in adults. Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www-uptodate-com.ezproxy.utas.edu.au/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-elevated-intracranial-pressure-in-adults?search=mannitol&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~145&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

Spinal injuries1. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 9.1.6 - Management of suspected spinal injury. East

Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

2. NICE. 2016. Spinal injury: Assessment and initial management. NG41. London, UK. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: http://nice.org.uk/guidance/ng41

3. Ackland H, Cameron P. Cervical spine - Assessment following trauma. Aust. Family Physician; 2012; 41 (4). pp 196-201. Accessed: 2017, Aug. Available from: http://www.racgp.org.au/download/documents/AFP/2012/April/201204ackland.pdf

4. Kaji A, Hockberger RS. 2017. Evaluation and acute management of cervical spinal column injuries in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2017, Aug. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-acute-management-of-cervical-spinal-column-injuries-in-adults/print?source=search_result&search=nexus%20criteria&selectedTitle=1~6

5. Conrad BP, Rossi GD, Horodyski MB, Prasarn ML, Alemi Y, Rechtine GR. Eliminating log rolling as a spine trauma order. Surgical neurology international; 2012; 3 (Suppl 3). pp S188-S197. Accessed 2018, Oct. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22905325


Abdominal injuries1. Fitzgerald M, Gocentas R, Stevens J. Chest trauma. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors.

Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. p 104-109.

2. Diercks DB, Clarke S. 2016. Initial evaluation and management of blunt abdominal trauma in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2017, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initialevaluation-and-management-of-blunt-abdominal-trauma-in-adults?source=search_result&search=abdominal%20injury&selectedTitle=1~15

Fractures, disclocations and sprains

Simple fracture of limbs AND Splinting for limb injuries1. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. Common Fractures and dislocations. John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW:

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Fractured mandible/jaw1. Menkes JS. Injuries to bones and joints: Initial evaluation and management of orthopaedic injuries. In: Tintinalli JE,

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6. Australian Medicines Handbook. Amoxicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd; 2018. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/penicillins/amoxicillin.

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Compartment syndrome1. Menkes JS. Injuries to bones and joints: Initial evaluation and management of orthopaedic injuries. In: Tintinalli JE,


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3. Stracciolini A, Hammerberg EM. Acute compartment syndrome of the extremities. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer; 2017. Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-compartment-syndrome-of-theextremities?source=search_result&search=acute+compartment+syndrome+of+t&selectedTitle=1~150.

Acute wounds

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3. Armstrong DG, Meyr AJ. 2018. Basic prinicples of wound management. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/basic-principles-of-wound-management?search=acute%20wounds&sectionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H452723&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H452723

4. Kraugh j, Dubick M. Battlefield Tourniquets: Lessons learning in moving current care towards best care in an Army medical department at war: U.S. Army Medical Department Journal; 2016; Apr-Sep (2-16). pp 29-36. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=c43fef72-8203-4f7f-9c02-6de517eb3d0d%40sessionmgr4010&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=27215863&db=mdc

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6. MIMS Online. 2018. Lignocaine injection. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPl.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Lignocaine&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=19100001_2

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11. Lipsett S. 2018. Minor wound repair with tissue adhesives (cyanoacrylates). UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/minor-wound-repair-with-tissue-adhesives-cyanoacrylates?topicRef=6319&source=related_link

12. Berant R, Scolnik D. Topical lidocaine-epinephrine-tetracaine is effective in reducing pain during laceration repair with tissue adhesive in children. Evidence Based Nursing; 2013; 17 (4). p 118. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://ebn.bmj.com/content/17/4/118

13. Baldor R, Mathes BM. 2018. Digital nerve block. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/digital-nerve-block?search=digital%20nerve%20block&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~38&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

Removal of small embedded fish hook/tight ring1. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. Common skin wounds and foreign bodies: John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney,

NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2015. pp. 1452-1453.

2. Davenport M. Injuries to the arm, hand, fingertip, and nail. In: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski JS, Ma OJ, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, editors. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A comprehensive study guide. 7th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2011. pp 322-330.

Water related wounds1. eTG complete. 2018. Skin and soft tissue infections: bacterial: water-related wound infections. Melbourne, VIC:

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2. Baddour LM. 2018. Soft tissue infections following water exposure. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/soft-tissue-infections-following-water-exposure?search=marine%20infections&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~56&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. Foote A, Henderson R, Lindberg A, Grigg C, Greenfield C, Kirke AB, Auret K. The Australian mid-west coastal marine wound infections study. Australian Family Physician; 2017; 46 (12). pp 923-927. Accessed 2018, Nov. Available from: https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/the-australian-mid-west-coastal-marine-wound-infections-study

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ciprofloxacin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/quinolones/ciprofloxacin?menu=hints

5. MIMS Online. 2018. Ciprofloxacin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Ciprofloxacin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=4580001_2

6. MIMS Online. 2018. APO-Clindamycin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Clindamycin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=41900001_2

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Clindamycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/lincosamides/clindamycin?menu=hints

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Doxycycline. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/tetracyclines/doxycycline#doxycycline-tetracyclines.04

9. MIMS Online. 2018. Doxycycline. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Doxycycline&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=98840001_2

Human (tooth-knuckle) and animal bites1. eTG complete. 2014. Bites and clenched fist injuries. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017,

Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=skin-soft-tissue-infections-bacterial&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

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3. MIMS Online. 2018. Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 875/125. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Amoxicillin+-+Clavulanic+acid&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=83570001_2

4. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2017. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/paed.amoxycillin-clavulanic?menu=hints

5. MIMS Online. 2018. Procaine penicillin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Procaine+penicillin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=8530001_2

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Procaine benzylpencillin (procaine penicillin). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/penicillins/procaine-penicillin

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metronidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/nitroimidazoles/metronidazole?menu=hints

8. MIMS Online. 2018. Metronidazole. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Metronidazole&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=9380001_2


10. MIMS Online. 2018. Doxycycline. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Doxycycline&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=98840001_2

Bat bite/scratch1. Australian Government. The Department of Health. Rabies virus and other lyssavirus (including Australian bat

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Subungual haematoma1. DynaMed Plus. 2017. Subungual haematoma - emergency management. Ipswich, MA:EBSCO Information Services.

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Burns

Burns (general)1. New South Wales Government. Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Burn Patient

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3. The Victorian Adult Burns Service at The Alfred. Initial Management of Severe Burns. The Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC; 2017. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.vicburns.org.au/guidelines-posters/

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Major burns1. New South Wales Government. Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI). Clinical Practice Guidelines: Burn Patient

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2. Gray T, O'Reilly G, Mitra B. Burns. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp. 151-156.

3. The Victorian Adult Burns Service at The Alfred. Initial Management of Severe Burns. The Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC; 2017. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.vicburns.org.au/guidelines-posters/

Minor burns1. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Superficial burns. Melbourne, VIC. 2017. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available

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3. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Burns/management of burn wounds - Clinical practice guidelines. Melbourne, VIC. 2017. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Burns

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Chemical burns1. Victorian Adult Burns Service at the Alfred. Chemical Burns: Early Management. 2016: The Victorian Adult Burns

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2. eTG complete. Toxicology: hydrofluoric acid (hydrogen fluoride). Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd; 2017. Revised: 2017, Jul; Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=toxicology-hydrofluoric-acid&guidelineName=Toxicology and Wilderness&topicNavigation=navigateTopic

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4. Australian and New Zealand Burn Association (ANZBA). Bitumen Burns: ANZBA; 2013: Revised: 2013; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://anzba.org.au/care/bitumen-burns/

Environmental emergencies

Decompression illness (DCI/bends)1. eTG complete. 2018. Decompression illness - management. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd.

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3. Smart DR. Dysbarism. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 922-930.

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Hypothermia1. eTG complete. 2017. Cold-related illness. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012,

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3. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2011. ANZCOR guideline 9.3.3 - Hypothermia: First Aid Management. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2009, Feb; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

4. Cheshire WP. Thermoregulatory disorders and illness related to heat and cold stress. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical; Elsevier; 2016; 196. pp 91-104. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S1566070216300017?returnurl=null&referrer=null

Heat exhaustion/heat stroke/hyperthermia1. Rogers I. Heat-related illness. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult

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3. eTG complete. 2017. Heat-related illness. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=heat-related-illness&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness&topicNavigation=navigateTopic#toc_d1e137

4. Cheshire WP. Thermoregulatory disorders and illness related to heat and cold stress. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical; Elsevier; 2016; 196. pp 91-104. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S1566070216300017?returnurl=null&referrer=null

5. Mechem CC. 2018. Severe nonexertional hyperthermia (classic heat stroke) in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/severe-nonexertional-hyperthermia-classic-heat-stroke-in-adults?search=hyperthermia%20adult&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H12

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Ear, nose, throat emergencies

Nose bleed/epistaxis1. Kumar S. Ears, nose and throat emergencies. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook

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2. MIMS Online. 2018. Lignocaine - Phenylephrine hydrochloride. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPl.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Lidocaine+%28lignocaine%29+-+Phenylephrine+hydrochloride&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=26960001_2

3. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. n.d. Epistaxis - Clinical practice guidelines. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2019 Feb. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Epistaxis/

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Gastrointestinal emergencies

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3. Chan KC, Seow E. Approach to abdominal pain. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 329-337.

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Acute gastroenteritis/dehydration1. Nyenwe E, Kitabchi A. The evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis: An update of its etiology, pathogenesis and

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Rectal bleeding1. Gastroenterological Society of Australia. 2009. Early detection, screening and surveillance for bowel cancer: Clinical

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Genitourinary emergencies

Renal colic1. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ketorolac. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed:

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Toxicology/poisoning/overdose

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Antidepressants (general)1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd.

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Antihistamines 1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: antihistamines, sedating. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised:

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Antipsychotics1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: antipsychotics. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul;

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Carbon monoxide inhalation1. Buckley N. Carbon monoxide. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult


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Corrosive/caustic substance ingestion1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: caustic ingestions. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012,

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Cyanide1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: cyanide. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018,

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Eucalyptus oil1. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Eucalyptus oil toxicity - emergency management. Ipswich, MA:EBSCO Information Services.

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Iron ingestion1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: iron. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed:

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Lithium1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: lithium. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed:

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Opioids1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: opioids. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed:

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Organophosphates 1. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: organophosphates. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised:

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Amphetamines and cocaine, cannabis (marijuana), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GBH)1. Murray L, Little M, Pascu O, Hoggett K. Toxicology Handbook. 3rd ed. Elsevier Australia; 2015.

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Sniffing petrol/glue/aerosol 1. VO K, editor, 2018. Acute hydrocarbon toxicity - emergency management. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Mar;

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5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Diazepam (neurology). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/neurological-drugs/antiepileptics/benzodiazepines-neurology/diazepam-neurology

Sedatives/hypnotics1. Murray L, Little M, Pascu O, Hoggett K. Toxicology Handbook. 3rd ed: Elsevier Australia; 2015.

2. Greller H. 2018. Benzodiazepine poisoning and withdrawal. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/benzodiazepine-poisoning-and-withdrawal?search=benzodiazepine%20overdose&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~29&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: benzodiazepines. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=toxicology-benzodiazepines #toc_d1e62

Toxinology - bites and stings

Snakebite including sea snake1. eTG complete. 2018. Snake bite. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed: 2018,

Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness&topicfile=snake-bite&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness&sectionId=toc_d1e1032#toc_d1e1032

2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2011. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.1 - Envenomation - Australian snake bite. Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2011, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

3. Isbister G, Brown SG, Page CB, McCoubrie DL, Greene SL, Buckley NA. Snakebite in Australia: a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment. Medical Journal of Australia; 2013; 199 (11). pp 763-768. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2013/199/11/snakebite-australia-practical-approach-diagnosis-and-

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treatment

4. New South Wales Government. Snakebite and spiderbite: Clinical management guidelines. 3rd ed. Health Do, editor. Chatswood, NSW: New South Wales Health; 2014. Available from: https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/GL2014_005.pdf

5. NPS Medicinewise. 2018. Polyvalent snake antivenom concentrate for infusion. Surry Hills, NSW. Revised: 2018, May; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.nps.org.au/medical-info/medicine-finder/polyvalent-snake-antivenom-concentrate-for-infusion

6. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2011. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.8 - Pressure Immobilisation Technique. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2011, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

7. White J. A clinician's guide to Australian venomous bites and stings: incorporating the updated CSL antivenom handbook. Parkville, VIC: bioCSL Pty Ltd; 2013.

8. Royal Flying Doctor Service. 2017, Oct. Flying Doctor issues new snakebite advice. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: https://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/news/flying-doctor-issues-new-snakebite-advice/

9. Johnston CI, Ryan NM, Page CB, Buckley NA, Brown SG, O'Leary M, Isbister G. The Australian snakebite project 2005-2015 (ASP-20). Medical Journal of Australia; 2017; 207 (3). pp 119-125. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2017/207/3/australian-snakebite-project-2005-2015-asp-20

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Snake antivenoms. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antidotes-antivenoms/antivenoms/snake-antivenoms

11. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Benzylpenicillin sodium. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/a/antivenom%2C_snake

Spider bites (general) 1. New South Wales Government. Snakebite and spiderbite: Clinical management guidelines. 3rd ed. Health Do,

editor. Chatswood, NSW: New South Wales Health; 2014. Available from: https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/GL2014_005.pdf

2. White J. A clinician's guide to Australian venomous bites and stings: incorporating the updated CSL antivenom handbook. Parkville, VIC: bioCSL Pty Ltd; 2013

Funnel-web (big black) spider bite1. eTG complete. 2017. Spider bite: Funnel-web spider bites. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines

Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=spider-bite&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness#toc_d1e81



4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Funnel web spider antivenom. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antidotes-antivenoms/antivenoms/other-antivenoms/funnel-web-spider-antivenom

5. MIMS Online. 2018. Funnel Web Spider Antivenom Full Pl. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPl.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Funnel+web+spider+antivenom&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=13410001_2

6. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Benzylpenicillin sodium. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/a/antivenom%2C_funnel_web_spider

Redback spider bite1. New South Wales Government. Snakebite and spiderbite: Clinical management guidelines. 3rd ed. Health Do,

editor. Chatswood, NSW: New South Wales Health; 2014. Available from: https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/GL2014_005.pdf

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2. eTG complete. 2017. Spider bite: Red-back spider bites. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=spider-bite&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness#toc_d1e158

3. Isbister G. How to treat suspected spider bite. Australian Doctor; 2004. pp 27-34. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: www.australiandoctor.com.au

Scorpion stings and centipede bites1. White J. A clinician's guide to Australian venomous bites and stings: incorporating the updated CSL antivenom

handbook. Parkville, VIC: bioCSL Pty Ltd; 2013.


3. Balit C, Harvey M, Waldock J, Isbister G. Prospective study of centipede bites in Australia. Journal of Toxicology Clinical Toxicology; 2004; 42 (1). pp 41-48. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/CLT-120028743?journalCode=ictx19

4. Isbister G, Volschenk E, Seymour J. Scorpion stings in Australia: five definite stings and a review. Internal Medicine Journal; 2004; 34 (7). pp 427-430. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d14d/19cd00f9ba18c3972234d9c3e90415c7f7d6.pdf

Tick bites 1. Australian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA). 2016. Tick allergy. Balgowlah, NSW. Accessed: 2018,

Mar. Available from: https://www.allergy.org.au/patients/insect-allergy-bites-and-stings/tick-allergy?highlight=WyJ0aWNrIiwiYWxsZXJneSIsImFsbGVyZ3knLiIsIidhbGxlcmd5IiwiJ2FsbGVyZ3knIiwiJ2FsbGVyZ3knLiIsInRpY2sgYWxsZXJneSJd

2. eTG complete. 2018. Rickettsial infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=infections-miscellaneous&sectionId=abg-c35-s9#abg-c35-s9


4. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2018. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.3 - Tick bites and bee, wasp and ant stings. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2016, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

5. Tick Induced Allergies Research and Awareness (TIARA). 2017. Tick removal techniques: How to remove a tick. Revised: 2017; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.tiara.org.au/how-to-remove-a-tick/

Box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri) envenomation 1. Berling I, Isbister G. Marine envenomations. Australian Family Physician; 2015; 44 (1-2). Accessed: 2018, Mar.

Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/januaryfebruary/marine-envenomations/

2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2018. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.5 - Envenomation - jellyfish stings. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2010, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/


4. eTG complete. 2017. Marine envenoming: Major box jellyfish (chironex fleckeri) sting. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=marine-envenoming&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness#toc_d1e158

5. Isbister G, Palmer D, Weir R, Currie B. Hot water immersion v icepacks for treating the pain of Chironex fleckeri stings: a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust; 2017; 206 (6). pp 258-261. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2017/206/6/hot-water-immersion-v-icepacks-treating-pain-chironex-fleckeri-stings-randomised

6. Lang E, editor. 2018. Marine envenomation: Jellyfish. In DynaMed. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T913266/Marine-envenomation#Management-of-jellyfish-stings

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Box jellyfish antivenom. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antidotes-antivenoms/antivenoms/other-antivenoms/box-jellyfish-antivenom

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Irukandji syndrome1. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2018. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.5 - Envenomation - jellyfish stings. East Melbourne,

VIC. Revised: 2010, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

2. Berling I, Isbister G. Marine envenomations. Australian Family Physician; 2015; 44 (1-2). Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/januaryfebruary/marine-envenomations/

3. eTG complete. 2017. Marine envenoming: Irukandji syndrome. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=marine-envenoming&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness#MPS_d1e587



6. Pereira P, Corkeron M, Little M, Farlow D. 2007. Irukandji taskforce guidelines for the emergency management of irukandji syndrome. Queensland Health: Prevention and Response Working Group of the Queensland Irukandji Taskforce. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/rts/docs/irukandji.pdf

Bluebottle (Physalia) sting1. Berling I, Isbister G. Marine envenomations. Australian Family Physician; 2015; 44 (1-2). Accessed: 2018, Mar.




4. eTG complete. 2017. Marine envenoming: Bluebottle (Physalia species) jellyfish stings. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=marine-envenoming&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness#toc_d1e374

5. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2018. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.5 - Envenomation - jellyfish stings. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2010, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

Blue-ringed octopus and cone shell envenomation 1. Jacups SP, Currie B. Blue-ringed octopuses: a brief review of their toxicology. Northern Territory Naturalist; 2008;

(20). pp 50-57. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=340082712427697;res=IELHSS

2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2017. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.6 - Envenomation - blue-ringed octopus and cone shell. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2014, July; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

3. Berling I, Isbister G. Marine envenomations. Australian Family Physician; 2015; 44 (1-2). Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2015/januaryfebruary/marine-envenomations/

4. eTG complete. 2017. Marine envenoming: Penetrating venomous marine injuries. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=marine-envenoming&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness#toc_d1e419

Fish stings1. Berling I, Isbister G. Marine envenomations. Australian Family Physician; 2015; 44 (1-2). Accessed: 2018, Mar.


2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2014. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.7 - Envenomation - Fish stings. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

3. Isbister GK. 2018. Marine envenomations from corals, sea urchins, fish, or stingrays. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/marine-envenomations-from-corals-sea-urchins-fish-or-stingrays?search=sea%20urchin%20injury&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~2&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

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5. eTG complete. 2017. Pain in children: Pharmalogical management of pain in children. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=pain-children&sectionId=agg-c12-s4#agg-c12-s4-8

6. eTG complete. 2017. Acute pain: perioperative: regional and local administration of local anaesthetics and opioids. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Oct; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-pain-perioperative#toc_d1e189

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Lidocaine (lignocaine) (anaesthesia). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anaesthetics/drugs-local-anaesthesia/local-anaesthetics/lidocaine-anaesthesia

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Stonefish antivenom. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antidotes-antivenoms/antivenoms/other-antivenoms/stonefish-antivenom

Stingray injuries9. Isbister GK. 2018. Marine envenomations from corals, sea urchins, fish, or stingrays. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer.

Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/marine-envenomations-from-corals-sea-urchins-fish-or-stingrays?search=sea%20urchin%20injury&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~2&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

10. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2014. ANZCOR guideline 9.4.7 - Envenomation - Fish stings. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

11. Clark RF, Girard RH, Rao D, Ly BT, Davis DP. Stingray envenomation: A retrospective review of clinical presentation and treatment in 119 cases. The Journal of Emergency Medicine; 2007; 33 (1). pp 33-37. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17630073


Sea urchin injuries1. IIsbister GK. 2018. Marine envenomations from corals, sea urchins, fish, or stingrays. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer.

Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/marine-envenomations-from-corals-sea-urchins-fish-or-stingrays?search=sea%20urchin%20injury&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~2&usage_type=default&display_rank=1


2. King DR, Larentzakis A. Treatment of sea urchin injuries. Journal of Special Operations Medicine; 2014; 14 (2). pp 56-59. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.jsomonline.org/Keywords.php#Keyword555

Sponges1. Berling I, Isbister G. Marine envenomations. Australian Family Physician; 2015; 44 (1-2). Accessed: 2018, Mar.



Ciguatera poisoning1. eTG complete. 2017. Marine poisoning: Ciguatera. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised:

2012, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=marine-poisoning&guidelineName=Toxicology%20and%20Wilderness#toc_d1e63

2. Marcus E. 2018. Ciguatera fish poisoning. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ciguatera-fish-poisoning?search=ciguatera&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~9&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H3603730

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3. Friedman M, Fernandez M, Backer L, Dickey R, Bernstein J, Schrank K, Kibler S, Stephan W, Gribble M, Bienfang P, et al. An updated review of ciguatera fish poisoning: clinical, epidemiological, environmental, and public health management. Marine Drugs; 2017; 15 (72). pp 1-41. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs

Section 3: General

Mild and moderate allergic reaction

Urticaria, allergic rhinitis1. Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy. 2016. ASCIA Guidelines - Acute management of anaphylaxis.

New South Wales. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://www.allergy.org.au/images/stories/pospapers/ASCIA_Guidelines_Acute_Management_Anaphylaxis_Dec2016.pdf

2. eTG complete. 2015. General information about urticaria and angioedema. Melbourne,VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=urticaria-angioedema&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e47

3. Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy. 2015. ASCIA guidelines. Chronic spontaneous urticaria. New South Wales. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://allergy.org.au/images/stories/pospapers/ASCIA_Guidelines_Chronic_Urticaria_2015.pdf

4. Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy. 2017. Allergic rhinitis clinical update. New South Wales. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.allergy.org.au/images/stories/pospapers/ar/ASCIA_HP_Clinical_Update_Allergic_Rhinitis_2017.pdf

5. eTG complete. 2015. Urticaria and angioedema. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=urticaria-angioedema&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e64

6. eTG complete. 2015. Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=rhinitis-rhinosinusitis&guidelineName=Respiratory#toc_d1e70

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Budesonide (intranasal). Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed:2018, Dec. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/ear-nose-throat-drugs/drugs-rhinitis-sinusitis/corticosteroids-intranasal/budesonide-intranasal

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Cetirizine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-01/antihistamines-01/antihistamines-less-sedating/cetirizine?menu=hints

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Loratadine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-01/antihistamines-01/antihistamines-less-sedating/loratadine#loratadine.04

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Promethazine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-01/antihistamines-01/antihistamines-sedating/promethazine#promethazine.04

Respiratory problems

Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) 1. eTG complete. 2018. Acute pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014,

Nov; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

2. eTG complete. 2018. Acute rhinosinusitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

3. eTG complete. 2018. Influenza. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=toxicology-organophosphates#toc_d1e61

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Immunisation for tetanus-prone wounds. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines

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Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-20/tables/tetanus-prone-wounds.tb

5. Patel Z, Hwang P. 2018. Acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Feb; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=urti&source=search_result&selectedTitle=23~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=23

6. Sexton D, McClain M. 2018. The common cold in adults: diagnosis and clinical features. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Feb; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-common-cold-in-adults-diagnosis-and-clinical-features?topicRef=6871&source=see_link

7. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. Cough: Common respiratory infections. John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2015. pp. 469-470

8. MIMS Online. 2018. Phenoxymethylpenicillin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Phenoxymethylpenicillin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=8540001_2

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Phenoxymethylpenicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/phenoxymethylpenicillin?menu=hints

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benzathine benzylpenicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/benzathine-benzylpenicillin

11. MIMS Online. 2018. Azithromycin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Azithromycin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=97440001_2

12. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin

Acute bacterial sinusitis1. eTG complete. 2018. Acute rhinosinusitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed:

2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

2. Patel Z, Hwang P. 2018. Acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Feb; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-sinusitis-and-rhinosinusitis-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=urti&source=search_result&selectedTitle=23~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=23

Pneumonia 1. eTG complete. 2018. Community-acquired pneumonia. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014,

Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=community-acquired-pneumonia&guidelineName=Antibiotic&topicNavigation=navigateTopic#toc_d1e47

2. Government of South Australia. 2017. Community acquired pneumonia (adults) management clinical guideline. 1.0 ed. South Australia Health. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/9da8d680432af0a6a631f68cd21c605e/CommunityAcquired+Pneumonia+%28Adults%29+Management_v1.0_01112017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-9da8d680432af0a6a631f68cd21c605e-lZRCDqG

3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). NICE guideline: Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management. cg191. London, UK. 2014. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg191/resources/pneumonia-in-adults-diagnosis-and-management-pdf-35109868127173

4. Putland M, Robins-Browne K. Community-acquired pneumonia. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 296-306.

5. Bruising K, Thursky K, Black J, MacGregor L, Street A, Kennedy M, Brown G. Identifying severe community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department: A simple clinical prediction tool. Emergency Medicine Australasia; 2007; 19 (5). pp 418-426. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17919214

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Tuberculosis 1. Australian Government Department of Health. 2015. CDNA National guidelines for public health units - Management

of TB. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cdna-song-tuberculosis/

2. Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). 2018. Australian immunisation handbook,. Australian Government Department of Health. Canberra, 2018, Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au

3. World Health Organization. 2017. Global tuberculosis report 2017. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/

4. Queensland Government. Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service. 2017. Management of patients with suspected or confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis throughout TCHHS. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/torres-cape/html/clinical-policies-proc

5. Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service. 2018. Torres and Cape Tuberculosis Control Unit: Initial visit and contact tracing form. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/2262393/mr305.pdf

Nervous system problems

Acute and chronic headache 1. Hainer BL, Matheson EM. Approach to Acute Headache in Adults. American Family Physician; MEDLINE Complete;

2013; 87 (10). pp 682-687. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0515/p682.html

2. Weatherall MW. Symptoms and signs: Headache and facial pain. Medicine; Elsevier Ltd; 2016, Aug; 44 (Neurology (Part 1 of 2)). pp 475-479. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/service/content/pdf/watermarked/1-s2.0-S1357303916300913.pdf?locale=en_AU

3. Kernick D. Assessment and diagnosis of headache. Practice Nursing; Mark Allen Publishing; 2011, Mar; 22 (3). pp 114-118. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=b03cb028-5892-4cc8-8174-ac58ae0f7b2a%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=104863984&db=ccm

Mouth and dental problems

Trauma to teeth 1. eTG complete. 2012, Amended 2013. Getting to know your dental drugs. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic

Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=dental-drugs&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e858

2. eTG complete. 2016. Tooth avulsion (knocked-out tooth). Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=management-of-dental-problems-for-medical-practitioners&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#n8

3. 3M. 2017. CavitTM Temporary filling material refill. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://www.3m.com.au/3M/en_AU/company-au/all-3m-products/~/Cavit-W-Temporary-Filling-Material-Refill-White-10-7g-Tubes-44350?N=5002385+8707795+8707799+8711017+8713393+3294363423&rt+rud

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/amoxicillin



7. eTG complete. 2018. Acute odontogenic and salivary gland infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-odontogenic-salivary-gland-infections&guidelineName=Oral and Dental#toc_d1e47

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Toothache1. Oates L. Complementary medicines for oral health. Australian Pharmacist; 2014; 33 (1). pp 50-53. Accessed: 2017,

Sep. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=edsihc&AN=edsihc.049381504249961&site=eds-live

2. Kingon A. Solving dental problems in general practice. Australian Family Physician; 2009, Apr; 38 (4). pp 211-216. Accessed: 2017, Sep. Available from: http://search.informit.com.au/fullText;dn=771734124129497;res=IELHEA

3. MIMS Online. 2018. Seda lotion. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Seda+Lotion+Paint&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=25340001_2

Dental caries1. Zander A, Sivaneswaran S, Skinner J, Byun R, Jalaludin B. Risk factors for dental caries in small rural and regional

Australian communities. Rural And Remote Health; 2013; 13 (3). pp 2492-2492. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=mdc&AN=23937258&site=eds-live

2. MIMS Online. 2018. Duraphat. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=ProductInfo&searchKeyword=Sodium+fluoride &PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=95730001_2

3. Marinho VCC, Worthington HV, Walsh T, Clarkson JE. Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2013; (7). Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://doi.org//10.1002/14651858.CD002279.pub2

4. Stokes J. Fluoride varnish scheduling. 2018, Nov: pers. comm.

Mouth ulcers 1. eTG complete. 2012. Periodontal abscess. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Feb; Accessed:

2017, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=periodontaldisease&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e340

2. eTG complete. 2012. Oral mucosal disease: ulcerative conditions: general conditions. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Feb; Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=oral-mucosaldisease&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e243

3. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2015. pp 827-829

4. eTG complete. 2012. Recurrent aphthous ulcerative disease. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Feb; Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=oral-mucosaldisease&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e243

5. MIMS Online. 2018. Seda lotion. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Seda+Lotion+Paint&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=25340001_2

Dental abscess1. eTG complete. 2013. Overview of acute otontogenic infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd.

Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-odontogenic-salivary-gland-infections&sectionId=dtg-c06-s1#dtg-c06-s1

2. eTG complete. 2012. Management of dental problems for medical practitioners. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=management-of-dental-problems-for-medical-practitioners&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e664

3. eTG complete. 2012. Spreading odontogenic infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2013, Jun; Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

4. eTG complete. 2012. Periodontal abscess. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Feb; Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=periodontal-disease&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e340

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: Jan 2018; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/amoxicillin

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6. MIMS Online. 2018. Dalcin C Capsules. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Clindamycin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=9280001_2


8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/amoxicillin-clavulanic-acid?menu=hints

Post extraction haemorrhage1. Moran IJ, Richardson L, Heliotis M, Bewick A. A bleeding socket after tooth extraction. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.);

2017; 357. pp j1217. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=mdc&AN=28373159&site=eds-live

Alveolar osteitis (dry socket)1. eTG complete. 2012. Alveolar osteitis (dry socket). Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2013, Jun;

Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-odontogenic-salivary-gland-infections&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e665

2. Bowe DC, Rogers S, Stassen LF. The management of dry socket/alveolar osteitis. Journal of the Irish Dental Association; 2011; 57 (6). pp 305-310. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=ccm&AN=104518962&site=eds-live

Periodontal disease 1. eTG complete. 2012. Periodontitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Mar. Accessed: 2017,

Dec. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=periodontal-disease&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e127

2. eTG complete. 2016. Acute ulcerative gingivitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=periodontal-disease&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e189

3. eTG complete. 2019. Gingivitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Mar; Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

4. Queensland Government and the Royal Flying Doctor Service (Queensland Section). 2016. Guidelines for warfarin management in the community. Department of Health and the Royal Flying Doctor Service (Queensland Section). Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/medicines?a=165945

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metronidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/metronidazole

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Tinidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/tinidazole

7. MIMS Online. 2019. Tinidazole. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product Info&searchKeyword=tinidazole&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=9370001_2

Candidiasis (oral thrush)1. Miner DS, editor. 2016. Oral candidiasis in infants. In Dynamed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://

www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T435286/Oral-candidiasis-in-infants

2. eTG complete. 2012. Oral candidosis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Feb; Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=oral-mucosal-disease&guidelineName=Oral%20and%20Dental#toc_d1e392

3. Rodriguez JM, editor. 2016. Oral candidiasis. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114902/Oral-candidiasis

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4. Young K. 2017. Moniliasis. PEMSoft EBSCO Publishing. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://pemsoft.ebscohost.com/contentUK/PPacCore/UID14753.html#THRUSH

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Miconazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: Jan 2018; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-vaginal-infections/azoles-vaginal/miconazole-vaginal?menu=hints

6. The Royal Women's Hospital. 2017. Infant feeding - Breast and nipple thrush. Melbourne, VIC: The Royal Women's Hospital. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://thewomens.r.worldssl.net/images/uploads/downloadable-records/clinical-guidelines/breast-and-nipple-thrush_160517.pdf

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nystatin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-vaginal-infections/other-vaginal-anti-infectives/nystatin-vaginal?menu=hints

Eye problems

Assessment of the eye1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency

for Clinical Innovation. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/155011/eye_manual.pdf

2. Gardiner MF. 2018. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-eye-injuries-in-the-emergency-department?searc h=eye&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. UpToDate. 2018. Fluorescein: Drug information. Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/fluorescein-drug-information?source=see_link

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Fluorescein. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/appendices/appendix-additional-drugs/specialised-drugs/fluorescein?menu=hintsRed or painful eye

Red or painful eye1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency


2. Gardiner MF. 2018. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-eye-injuries-in-the-emergency-department?search=eye&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

Foreign body/corneal abrasion1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency


2. Jacobs DS. 2018. Corneal abrasions and corneal foreign bodies: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/corneal-abrasions-and-corneal-foreign-bodies-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?topicRef=104455&source=related_link

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Oxybuprocaine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/eye-drugs/drugs-eye-examinations/local-anaesthetics-eye/oxybuprocaine?menu=hints

4. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections/Corneal abrasion. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e801

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Chloramphenicol (eye). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/eye-drugs/drugs-eye-infections/other-antibacterials-eye/chloramphenicol-eye?menu=hints

6. MIMS Online. 2018. Chloramphenicol. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product Info&searchKeyword=Chloramphenicol&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=14580001_2

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Flash burn to eye 1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency



3. Jacobs DS. 2018. Photokeratitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/photokeratitis

Chemical burn to eye1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency


2. Gardiner MF. 2018. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-eye-injuries-in-the-emergency-department

3. Kaushik S, Bird S. 2018. Topical chemical burns: Initial assessment and management. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/topical-chemical-burns

Blunt eye injury1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency

for Clinical Innovation. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/155011/eye_manual.pdf

2. Gardiner MF. 2018. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-eye-injuries-in-the-emergency-department

3. Andreoli CM, Gardinger MF. 2018. Open globe injuries: Emergency evaluation and initial management. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/open-globe-injuries-emergency-evaluation-and-initial-management

Penetrating eye injury1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency

for Clinical Innovation. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/155011/eye_manual.pdf

2. Gardinger MF. 2018. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-eye-injuries-in-the-emergency-department

3. Andreoli CM, Gardinger MF. 2018. Open globe injuries: Emergency evaluation and initial management. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/open-globe-injuries-emergency-evaluation-and-initial-management

4. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Ruptured globe - emergency management. Ipswich (MA):EBSCO Information Services. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T903421/Ruptured-globe-emergency-management#Management

5. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections/Endophthalmitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e971

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Cefazolin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/cefazolin?menu=hints

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Gentamicin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/aminoglycosides/gentamicin?menu=hints

8. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Cefazolin. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/cefazolin

9. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2018. Cefazolin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines

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Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/cefazolin

Sudden painless loss of vision1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency


2. Gardiner MF. 2018. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-eye-injuries-in-the-emergency-department

3. Leveque T. 2018. Approach to the adult with acute persistent visual loss. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-adult-with-acute-persistent-visual-loss

Orbital cellulitis/periorbital cellulitis1. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections/Cellulitis of the eye. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed:

2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e142

2. Gappy C, Arccher S, Barza M. 2018. Orbital cellulitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/orbital-cellulitis

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Cefalexin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/cefalexin?menu=hints

4. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2018. Cefalexin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/cefalexin?menu=hints

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ceftriaxone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/ceftriaxone?menu=hints

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Flucloxacillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: Jan 2018; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/flucloxacillin?menu=hints

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Dicloxacillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/dicloxacillin?menu=hints

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Clindamycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/lincosamides/clindamycin

9. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2018. Clindamycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/clindamycin?menu=hints

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/amoxicillin-clavulanic-acid?menu=hints

11. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2018. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/amoxicillin-clavulanic?menu=hints

12. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Ceftriaxone. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/ceftriaxone_sodium

13. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Fluxloxacillin. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/f/flucloxacillin_sodium

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Conjunctivitis1. Queensland Government. 2018. Time out: keeping your child and other kids healthy! Queensland Health. Accessed:

2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/426820/timeout_poster.pdf

2. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections/conjunctivitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e460

Bacterial conjunctivitis1. Queensland Government. 2018. Time out: keeping your child and other kids healthy! Queensland Health. Accessed:

2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/.../timeout_poster.pdf


Viral conjunctivitis1. Sugar A. 2018. Herpes simplex keratitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://

www.uptodate.com/contents/herpes-simplex-keratitis


3. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation. Accessed: 2017, May. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/155011/eye_manual.pdf

4. Jacobs DS. 2018. Conjunctivitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/conjunctivitis

5. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections/Herpes simplex keratitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e460

Allergic conjunctivitis1. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections: conjunctivitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov;

Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e460

2. Hamrah P. Danzl DF, editor. 2018. Allergic conjunctivitis: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/allergic-conjunctivitis-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=conjunctivitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3

3. Hamrah P. Danzl DF, editor. 2018. Allergic conjunctivitis: management. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/allergic-conjunctivitis-+management?topicRef=5547&source=see_link

4. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation. Accessed: 2017, May. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/155011/eye_manual.pdf

5. eTG complete. 2018. Rhinitis and rhinosinusitis: Allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=rhinitis-rhinosinusitis&guidelineName=Respiratory#toc_d1e70

Acute gonococcal and chlamydial conjunctivitis - newborn 1. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections/conjunctivitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018,

Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e460

2. Jacobs DS. 2018. Conjunctivitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/conjunctivitis

3. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency

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for Clinical Innovation. Accessed: 2017, May. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/155011/eye_manual.pdf

Trachoma1. Hu V, Mabey D, Last A, Buton M. 2018. Trachoma. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from:

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/trachoma


3. Jacobs DS. 2018. Conjunctivitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/conjunctivitis

Corneal ulceration1. Jacobs DS. 2018. Corneal abrasions and corneal foreign bodies: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate;

Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/corneal-abrasions-and-corneal-foreign-bodies-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis


3. eTG complete. 2018. Eye infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=eye-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e460

Acute iritis (anterior uveitis)1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2009. Eye emergency manual: an illustrated guide. 2nd ed. ACI NSW Agency

for Clinical Innovation. Accessed: 2017, May. Available from: https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/155011/eye_manual.pdf

2. Rosenbaum JT. 2018. Uveitis: Etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/uveitis-etiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

3. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Anterior uveitis. Ipswich (MA):EBSCO Information Services. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T219075/Anterior-uveitis

Acute glaucoma 1. Jacobs DS. 2018. Open-angle glaucoma: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters

Kluwer.Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/open-angle-glaucoma-epidemiologyclinical-presentation-and-diagnosis

2. Weizer JS. 2018. Angle-closure glaucoma. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/angle-closure-glaucoma

3. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2010. Guidelines for the screening, prognosis, diagnosis, management and prevention of glaucoma 2010. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jun.Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp113_glaucoma_120404.pdf

4. Australian Government. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2010. A guide to glaucoma for primary health care providers. Canberra, ACT. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cp113_b_glaucoma_guide_healthcare_workers_120404.pdf

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Acetazolamide. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/eye-drugs/drugs-glaucoma/other-drugs-glaucoma/acetazolamide?menu=hints

Urinary tract problems

Urinary tract infection (UTI)1. Hooton TM, Gupta K. 2017. Acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer.

Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-uncomplicated-cystitis-and-pyelonephritis-in-women?source=search_result&search=urinary%20tract%20infection&selectedTitle=2~150

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2. eTG complete. 2015. Urinary tract infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Antibiotic&topicfile=urinary-tract-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic&selectionId=toc_d1e1236#MPS_d1e1529

3. Schulz L, Hoffman RJ, Pothof J, Fox B. Top ten myths regarding the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections. The Journal of Emergency Medicine; Elsevier; 2016; 51 (1). pp 25-30. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/service/content/pdf/watermarked/1-s2.0-S0736467916001220.pdf?locale=en_AU

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Trimethoprim. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/antibacterials-other-01/trimethoprim#trimethoprim.04

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nitrofurantoin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/other-antibacterials/nitrofurantoin

Skin problems

Impetigo1. eTG complete. 2017. Recurrent staphylococcal skin infection. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised:

2014; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=skin-soft-tissue-infections-bacterial&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e1679

2. May P, Bowen A, Tong S, Steer A, Prince S, Andrews R, Currie B, Carapetis J. Protocol for the systematic review of the prevention, treatment and public health management of impetigo, scabies and fungal skin infections in resource-limited settings. Systematic Reviews 2016; 5: 162. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5034664/

3. eTG complete. 2017. Impetigo. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=skin-soft-tissue-infections-bacterial&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e1116

4. Bowen A, May P, Tong S, Currie B, Andrews R, Steer A, Prince S, Couzos S, Schofield L, Carapetis J. National healthy skin guideline: for the prevention, treatment and public health control of impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea for indigenous population and communities in Australia. 1st ed. Perth, Western Australia: Telethon Kids Insitute; 2018. Available from: https://infectiousdiseases.telethonkids.org.au/siteassets/media-docs---wesfarmers-centre/national-healthy-skin-guideline---1st-ed.-2018.pdf

5. Bowen AC, Tong SYC, Andrews RM, O'Meara IM, McDonald MI, Chatfield MD, Currie BJ, Carapetis JR. Short-course oral co-trimoxazole versus intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin for impetigo in a highly endemic region: an open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet; Science Direct; 2014; 384 (9960). pp 2132-2140. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673614608412

6. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2012. Staying Healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood education and care services. 5th ed. Canberra, ACT: Revised: 2013; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/ch55

7. Marquardt T. Managing skin infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Australian Family Physician; 2014; 43 (1-2). pp 16-19. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2014/januaryfebruary/managing-skin-infections/

8. Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service. CHQ paediatric antibiocard: empirical antibiotic guidelines. In: Health Q, editor. Queensland Department of Health; 2016. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/PDF/ams/Antibiocard.pdf

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2017; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/antibacterials-other-01/trimethoprim-sulfameth

10. Farhadi A, Esmailzadeh M. Effect of local cold on intensity of pain due to Penicillin Benzathin intramuscular injection. IJMMS; Academic Journals; 2011, Oct; 3 (11). pp 343-345. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379069218_Farhadi%20and%20Esmailzadeh.pdf

11. RHD Australia (ARF/RHD writing group) NHFoAatCSoAaNZ. 2012. The Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. 2nd ed. Menzies School of Health Research. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.rhdaustralia.org.au/node/950/attachment

12. MIMS Online. 2018. Bicillin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: www.

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13. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benzathine penicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/benzathine-benzylpenicillin

14. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Flucloxacillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/flucloxacillin

15. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Cefalexin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/cefalexin

16. MIMS Online. 2018. Cephalexin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/QuickSearch.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=cephalexin

Folliculitis/furunculosis (boils)/carbuncles1. eTG complete. 2017. Boils and carbuncles. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov;

Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=skin-soft-tissue-infections-bacterial&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e425

2. Simmons R, editor. 2018. Skin abscesses, furuncles, and carbuncles. In Dynamed Plus. Revised: 2018, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116747/Skin-abscesses-furuncles-and-carbuncles

3. eTG complete. 2017. Folliculitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=infected-skin&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e90

4. De Vries K. Boils, carbuncles, felons and paronychia. The Australian Journal of Pharmacy; 2017; 98 (1167). pp 74-77. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=189285113047516;res=IELAPA

5. Stevens D, Bisno A, Chambers H, Dellinger E, Goldstein J, Gorbach S, Hirschmann J, Kaplan S, Montoya J, Wade J. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases; NCBI: PubMed. 2014; 59 (2). pp 147-159. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24947530

6. Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service. 2017. Antibiotic guidelines empirical therapy procedure 0522. Cairns, QLD: Queensland Deparment of Health. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/1342518/procedure-0522-appendix-1.pdf

7. Daum R, Miller L, Immergluck L, Fritz S, Creech C, Young D, Kumar N, Downing M, Pettibone S, Hoagland R, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of antibiotics for smaller skin abscesses. New England Journal of Medicine; 2017; 376 (26). pp 2545-2555. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1607033

8. Talan D, Mower W, Krishnadasan A, Abrahamian F, Lovecchio F, Karras D, Steele M, Rothman R, Hoagland R, Moran G. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus placebo for uncomplicated skin abscess. New England Journal of Medicine; 2016; 374 (9). pp 823-832. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1507476

9. Downey KA, Becker TB. 2017. Technique of incision and drainage for skin abscess. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Oct; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/technique-of-incision-and-drainage-for-skin-abscess?search=boils&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Lidocaine (lignocaine) (anaesthesia). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anaesthetics/drugs-local-anaesthesia/local-anaesthetics/lidocaine-anaesthesia

11. MIMS Online. 2018. Lignocaine injection. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPl.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Lignocaine&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=19100001_2

12. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/antibacterials-other-01/trimethoprim-sulfameth

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Cellulitis1. Sutherland M, Parent A. Cellulitis: Assessment, diagnosis and management. Dermatological Nursing; 2017; 16 (4). pp

24-28. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=032e1a06-ab44-4cbe-a764-c11c25ad87f1%40sdc-v-sessmgr06&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=127182278&db=ccm

2. Spelman D, Baddour LM. 2018. Cellulitis and skin abscess: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cellulitis-and-skin-abscess-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=cellulitis%20and%20erysipelas&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H2604682741

3. Blumberg G, Long B, Koyfman A. Clinical mimics: an emergency medicine-focused review of cellulitis mimics. The Journal of Emergency Medicine; 2017; 53 (4). pp 475-484. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/service/content/pdf/watermarked/1-s2.0-S0736467917304845.pdf?locale=en_AU

4. eTG complete. 2018. Cellulitis and erysipelas. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=skin-soft-tissue-infections-bacterial&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e508


6. Marquardt T. Managing skin infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Australian Family Physician; 2014; 43 (1-2). pp 16-19. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2014/januaryfebruary/managing-skin-infections/

7. MIMS Online. 2018. Phenoxymethylpenicillin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Phenoxymethylpenicillin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=8540001_2


9. MIMS Online. 2018. APO-Clindamycin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Clindamycin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=41900001_2

10. MIMS Online. 2018. Procaine penicillin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Procaine+penicillin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=8530001_2

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Procaine benzylpencillin (procaine penicillin). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/penicillins/procaine-penicillin

12. MIMS Online. 2018. Cephalexin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, FNov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/QuickSearch.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=cephalexin



15. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Cefazolin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/cephalosporins/cephazolin

16. MIMS Online. 2018. Cefazolin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/AbbrPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Cephazolin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=69080001_2

17. Grayson ML, McDonald M, Gibson K, Athan E, Munckhof WJ, Paull P, Chambers F. Once-daily intravenous cefazolin plus oral probenecid is equivalent to once-daily intravenous ceftriaxone plus oral placebo for the treatment of moderate-to-severe cellulitis in adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases; Oxford University Press; 2002, Jun; 34 (11). pp

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1440-1448. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/34/11/1440/367359/Once-Daily-Intravenous-Cefazolin-Plus-Oral

18. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2017. Cefazolin. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/cefazolin

19. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Probenecid. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-15/gout-drugs-for/other-drugs-for-gout/probenecid

20. MIMS Online. 2018. Probenecid. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Probenecid&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=53880001_2

21. West Coast District Health Board. 2010. Treatment of cellulitis in the community - guidebook Version 2. Greymouth, NZ: West Coast District Health Board. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.wcdhb.health.nz/

Tinea/ringworm1. eTG complete. 2017. Tinea. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb.

Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=infected-skin&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e221

2. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. Problems of the skin: Tinea corporis. John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2015. p 1328.

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Tinea. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/drugs-skin-infections/tinea

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Clotrimazole (skin). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/drugs-skin-infections/azoles-skin/clotrimazole-skin

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Terbinafine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/drugs-skin-infections/other-antifungals-skin/terbinafine-skin?menu=hint

Candidiasis (skin)1. Parker ER. 2018. Candidal intertrigo. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available

from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/candidal-intertrigo?search=candidiasis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=4

2. eTG complete. 2018. Cutaneous candidiasis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=infected-skin&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e358

3. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2015.

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Miconazole (skin). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: hhttps://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/drugs-skin-infections/azoles-skin/miconazole-skin

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Clotrimazole (skin). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/drugs-skin-infections/azoles-skin/clotrimazole-skin

Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor)1. eTG complete. 2017. Pityriasis versicolor. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Nov; Accessed:

2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=infected-skin&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e440

2. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. Common skin problems: Pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor). John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2015. pp 129-130

3. Goldstein B, Goldstein A. 2018. Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor). UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2016, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/tinea-versicolor-pityriasis-versicolor?search=pityriasis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=5~19&usage_type=default&display_rank=5

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4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Tinea. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/drugs-skin-infections/tinea

Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)1. World Health Organization. 2018. Leprosy: Fact sheet 101. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Oganization. Revised:

2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/

2. Fischer M. Leprosy - an overview of clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Journal of the German Society of Dermatology (JDDG); 2017; 15 (8). pp 801-827. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddg.13301

Scabies1. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Scabies. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed:

2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/scabicides-pediculicides/scabies

2. Heukelbach J, Feldmeier H. Scabies. The Lancet; 2006; 367 (9524). pp 1767-1774. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: www.thelancet.com

3. Hardy M, Engelman D, Steer A. Scabies: A clinical update. Australian Family Physician; 2017; 46 (5). pp 264-268. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28472570

4. May P, Bowen A, Tong S, Steer A, Prince S, Andrews R, Currie B, Carapetis J. Protocol for the systematic review of the prevention, treamtent and public health management of impetigo, scabies and fungal skin infections in resource-limited settings. Systematic Reviews 2016; 5: 162. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5034664/

5. Centre for Disease Control. 2015, Aug. Scabies. Northern Territory, AUS: Northern Territory Government. Accessed: 2017, Jul. Available from: http://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au/prodjspui/bitstream/10137/1246/1/Scabies%20Aug%202015.pdf

6. eTG complete. 2017. Scabies. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=insects-mites&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e110

7. MIMS Online. 2018. Lyclear. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=lyclear&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=29330001_2

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ivermectin (skin). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/drugs-rosacea/ivermectin-skin

9. MIMS Online. 2018. Ivermectin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/QuickSearch.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Ivermectin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=90790001_2

10. Bowen A, May P, Tong S, Currie B, Andrews R, Steer A, Prince S, Couzos S, Schofield L, Carapetis J. National healthy skin guideline: for the prevention, treatment and public health control of impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea for indigenous population and communities in Australia. 1st ed. Perth, Western Australia: Telethon Kids Insitute; 2018. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://infectiousdiseases.telethonkids.org.au/siteassets/media-docs---wesfarmers-centre/national-healthy-skin-guideline---1st-ed.-2018.pdf

Head lice/nits 1. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Head lice. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed:

2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/scabicides-pediculicides/head-lice

2. Goates BM, Atkin JS, Wilding KG, Birch KG, Cottam MR, Bush SE, Clayton DH. An effective nonchemical treatment for head lice: a lot of hot air. Pediatrics; NCBI: PubMed; 2006, Nov; 118 (5). pp 1962-1970. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17079567

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Scabies. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/scabicides-pediculicides/scabies

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Permethrin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised:

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2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatological-drugs/scabicides-pediculicides/head-lice

Nappy rash1. Horii KA. 2018. Diaper dermatitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from:

https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diaper-dermatitis?search=nappy%20rash&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~109&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

2. eTG complete. 2018. Nappy rash. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=dermatology-paediatric&guidelineName=Dermatology#toc_d1e235

Foot infection with diabetes

Foot infection in patient with diabetes1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. ng19.

London, UK. 2015. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng19

2. DynaMed Plus. 2017. Neuropathic arthropathy. Ipswich, MA:EBSCO Information Services. Revised: 2015, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115501/Neuropathic-arthropathy

3. Ridzon R, editor. 2017. Diabetic foot infection. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T905711/Diabetic-foot-infection

4. Armstrong DG, Boulton MD, Sicco A. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. The New England Journal of Medicine; Massachusetts Medical Society; 2017, Jun; 376 (24). pp 2367-2375. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1615439

5. eTG complete. 2017. Diabetic foot infection. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/penicillins/amoxycillin-clavulanic?menu=hints


8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metronidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Dec. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/nitroimidazoles/metronidazole?menu=hints

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ciprofloxacin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/quinolones/ciprofloxacin?menu=hints

10. MIMS Online. 2018. Ciprofloxacin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Ciprofloxacin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=4580001_2


12. MIMS Online. 2018. APO-Clindamycin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Clindamycin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=41900001_2

Osteomyelitis in the foot of patient with diabetes1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. ng19.

London, UK. 2015. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng19

2. Suresh V, Jackson T. Osteomyelitis. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 210-212.

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55 References

3. Lipsky B, Aragon-Sanchez J, Diggle M, Embil J, Kono S, Lavery L, Senneville E, Urbancic-Rovan V, Van Asten S, Peters E. IWGDF guidance on the diagnosis and management of foot infections in persons with diabetes. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews; 2016; 32 (Supp. 1). pp 45-74. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.iwgdf.org/files/2015/website_infection.pdf

4. eTG complete. 2017. Diabetic foot infection. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

Chronic wounds

Chronic wounds 1. eTG complete. 2018. Ulcer and wound management: overview. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised:

2011, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ulcer-and-wound-management-overview#toc_d1e983478

2. eTG complete. 2018. Assessing patients with a chronic ulcer or wound. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2011, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=assessing-patients-with-chronic-ulcer-or-wound#toc_d1e202

3. DeGeorge BR, editor. 2018. Treatment of chronic wounds. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T921225/Treatment-of-chronic-wounds

4. Bryant R, Nix D. Principles of wound healing and topical management. In: Bryant R, Nix D, editors. Acute and chronic wounds: current management and concepts. 5th ed. St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier; 2016. pp 306-324.

5. Carville K. Wound care manual. 6th ed. Osborne Park, WA: Silver Chain Foundation; 2012.

6. eTG complete. 2017. Wound: ulcer and wound management. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2011, Oct; Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

Communicable diseases

Acute hepatitis A 1. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2018. Hepatitis A: Queensland Health guidelines for Public Health

Units. Revised: 2014, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/cdcg/index/hepa

2. Lai M. Chopra S, editor. 2018. Hepatitis A virus infection in adults: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-a-virus-infection-in-adults-epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=hepatitis%20a&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

Acute hepatitis B1. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2018. Hepatitis B: Queensland Health guidelines for Public Health

Units. Revised: 2012, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/cdcg/index/hepb#top

2. Allard N, Batey R, Bensted K, Bowden S, Capati M, Cowie B, Danta M, Davies J, Frommer M, Giles M, et all. 3rd ed, 2018. Allard N, Mathews G, editors. B Positive: Hepatitis B for primary care. Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: http://www.hepatitisb.org.au/

3. Mukherjee S, editor. 2017. Acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2018, May; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T913216/Acute-hepatitis-B-virus-HBV-infection

Acute hepatitis C1. eTG complete. 2018. Viral hepatitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Mar; Accessed: 2018,

Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=viral-hepatitis&guidelineName=Gastrointestinal#toc_d1e1391

2. Gastroenterological Society of Australia. 2016. Australian recommendation for the management of hepatitis C virus infection: a consensus statement (August 2017). Melbourne, VIC: Gastroenterological Society of Australia; Revised: 2017, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.asid.net.au/documents/item/1208

3. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2018. Hepatitis C: Queensland Health guidelines for Public Health

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Units. Revised: 2012, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/cdcg/index/hepc#cf

4. Wurcel A, Robson S, editors. 2018. Acute hepatitis C infection. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2018, Aug; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T413896/Acute-hepatitis-C-infection#General-Information

Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus1. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2017. Barmah forest virus (arbovirus infection). Accessed: 2018, Jun.

Available from: http://disease-control.health.qld.gov.au/media/pdf/717/barmah-forest-virus-arbovirus-infection-v4

2. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2017. Ross River virus. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: http://disease-control.health.qld.gov.au/media/pdf/717/barmah-forest-virus-arbovirus-infection-v4

3. Richards M. 2018. Ross River virus infection. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ross-river-virus-infection?search=arbovirus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~27&usage_type=default&display_rank=3

Dengue fever 1. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2011. Dengue: Queensland Health guidelines for Public Health Units.

Revised: 2017, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/cdcg/index/dengue

2. Thomas S, Rothman A, Srikiatkhachorn A, Kalayanarooj S. 2018. Dengue virus infection: clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dengue-virus-infection-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=dengue&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~88&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. Thomas S, Rothman A, Srikiatkhachorn A, Kalayanarooj S. 2018. Dengue virus infection: prevention and treatment. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, May; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dengue-virus-infection-prevention-and-treatment?topicRef=3025&source=see_link

Chronic conditions

Secondary prophylaxis for acute rheumatic fever (ARF)1. RHD Australia (ARF/RHD writing group) NHFoAatCSoAaNZ. 2012. The Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis

and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. 2nd ed. Menzies School of Health Research. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.rhdaustralia.org.au/node/950/attachment

2. BOC Healthcare. 2014. Medical nitrous oxide: Essential safety information. Manchester, UK. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/medical_nitrous_oxide410_55835.pdf?v=2.0

3. eTG complete. 2015. Pain in children: Pharmacological management of pain in children. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Oct; Accessed: 2017, Sept. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=pain-children&guidelineName=Analgesic#toc_d1e931

4. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2017. Clinical practice guidelines - nitrous oxide - oxygen mix. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Nitrous_Oxide_Oxygen_Mix/

5. MIMS Online. 2018. Bicillin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPl.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=bicillin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=52070001_2

6. eTG complete. 2017. Prevention of recurrent rheumatic fever. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=infection-prevention-medical&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

7. MIMS Online. 2018. Phenoxymethylpenicillin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword =Phenoxymethylpenicillin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=8540001_2

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Erythromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/macrolides/erythromycin

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57 References

Section 4: Mental health and substance misuse

Mental health assessment

Mental health assessment1. World Health Organization. 2018. mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in

non-specialized health settings, version 2.0. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250239/9789241549790-eng.pdf;jsessionid=32287DE552134B818A88A9C52276664D?sequence=1

2. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Healthcare. 2017. National consensus statement: Essential elements for recognising and responding to deterioration in a person's mental state. Sydney, NSW: ACSQHC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/National-Consensus-Statement-Essential-elements-for-recognising-and-responding-to-deterioration-in-a-person%E2%80%99s-mental-state-July-2017.pdf

3. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2010. Dual diagnosis clinical guidelines - co-occuring mental health and alcohol and other drug problems. Drug and Alcohol Treatment Strategy Unit and Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Directorate. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/mentalhealth/dd_guidelines_2011.pdf

4. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2018. Mental health clinical documentation user guide 2018. Brisbane, QLD. Revised: 2018, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/552517/clindocsguide.pdf

5. Jelinek G, Andrew-Starkey S. Mental state assessment. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 656-661.

6. Spain D. Distinguishing medical from psychiatric causes of mental disorder presentations. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 661-666.

7. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Healthcare. Mental health fact sheet 2: operational considerations. Sydney, NSW: ACSQH; 2010. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MH-fact-sheet-2-operational-considerations.pdf

8. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Mental state examination. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Mental_state_examination/

9. Huff J. 2018. Evaluation of abnormal behavior in the emergency department. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, May; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-abnormal-behavior-in-the-emergency-department?search=psychiatric%20emergencies&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~15&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H4

Suicidal behaviour

Suicidal behaviour, suicide risk assessment 1. Australian Government Department of Health. 2013. Mental health triage tool. Canberra, ACT: Revised: 2013, Jan;

Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/triageqrg~triageqrg-mh

2. Pisani A, Murrie D, Silverman M. Reformulating suicide risk formulation: from prediction to prevention. Academic Psychiatry; 2015; 40 (4). pp 623-629. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4937078/

3. Barber C, Miller M. Reducing a suicidal person's access to lethal means of suicide: a research agenda. American Journal of Preventative Medicine; 2014; 47 (3S2). pp S264-S272. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0749379714002475?returnurl=null&referrer=null

4. Schreiber J, Culpepper L. 2018. Suicidal ideation and behaviour in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/suicidal-ideation-and-behavior-in-adults?search=suicide&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

5. World Health Organization. 2018. mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings, version 2.0. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250239/9789241549790-eng.pdf;jsessionid=322

refe

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ces


87DE552134B818A88A9C52276664D?sequence=1

6. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2018. Suicide in Australia: 3303.0 - Causes of death, Australia, 2016. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/by%20Subject/3303.0~2016~Main%20Features~Intentional%20self-harm:%20key%20characteristics~7

7. New South Wales Government. 2004. Framework for suicide risk assessment and management for NSW health staff. North Sydney, NSW: New South Wales Department of Health; Revised: 2014, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/programs/mh/Publications/framework-suicide-risk-assess.pdf

8. New Zealand Ministry of Health. 2016. Preventing suicide: guidance for emergency departments. Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Ministry of Health. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/preventing-suicide-guidance-emergency-departments-apr16.pdf

9. Sveticic J, Milner A, De Leo D. Contacts with mental health services before suicide: a comparison of Indigenous with non-Indigenous Australians. General Hospital Psychiatry; 2012; 34 (2). pp 185-191. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22154656

10. Qi X, Hu W, Page A, Tong S. Spatial clusters of suicide in Australia. BMC Psychiatry; 2012; 12 (86). Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-244X/12/86

11. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2018. Emergency Examination Authorities. Brisbane, QLD: Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0029/444980/emergency-examination-auth-fact.pdf

12. Queensland Mental Health Commission. 2015. Queensland Suicide Prevention Action Plan 2015-2017. Brisbane, QLD: Queensland Governmnt. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.qmhc.qld.gov.au/sites/default/files/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Queensland-Suicide-Prevention-Action-Plan-2015-17_WEB.pdf

13. Hunter Institute of Mental Health, editor. 2013. Core principles: intervention-focused conversations. Sydney, NSW: Everymind. Revised: 2013; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/lifeinmind/assets/src/user-uploads/FactsheetCoreprinciplesforintervention-focusedconversations-1.pdf

14. Government of Western Australia Mental Health Commission. 2018. Western Australian Network of Alcohol and other Drug Agencies. Crisis referral tool for AOD services. Perth, WA: Government of Western Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.wanada.org.au/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=6-crisis-referral-tool-for-alcohol-and-other-drug-services&category_slug=resources-for-the-alcohol-and-other-drug-aod-sector&Itemid=265


16. Hill N, Halliday L, Reavley N. Referral and follow-up arrangements. Sydney, NSW: Black Dog Institute; 2017. pp 19-26. Accessed: 2018, Jul; Available from: https://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/docs/default-source/lifespan/delphi-guidelines-clinical-summary_web.pdf?sfvrsn=0

17. Deady M, Ross J, Darke S. 2015. Suicide assessment kit (SAK): a comprehensive assessment and policy development package. Sydney, NSW: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/ndarc/resources/Suicide%20Assessment%20Kit%20updated.pdf

18. The Network of Alcohol and Drug Agencies. 2013. Practice tips for workers: outreach, aftercare and referral. Sydney, NSW: Network of Alcohol and other Drugs Agencies. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.complexneedscapable.org.au/outreach-aftercare.html

Behavioural disturbances

Acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD), interventions in non-consenting patients1. Queensland Department of Health's Clinical Excellence Division. Management of patients with acute severe

behavioural disturbance in emergency departments. QH-GHDL-438:2016. In: Queensland Health Guideline. Brisbane, QLD; 2016. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/629491/qh-gdl-438.pdf

2. eTG complete. 2018. Behavioural emergencies. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2013, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=behavioural-emergencies&guidelineName=Psychotropic&topicNavigation=navigateTopic#toc_d1e47

references

59 References

3. Australian Government Department of Health. 2013. Mental health triage tool. Canberra, ACT: Revised: 2013, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/triageqrg~triageqrg-mh

4. Gaskin C, Dagley G. 2018. Recognising signs of deterioration in a person's mental state. Sydney, NSW: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Healthcare (ACSQHC). Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Recognising-Signs-of-Deterioration-in-a-Persons-Mental-State-Gaskin-Research-Final-Report.pdf

5. New South Wales Government Ministry of Health. Management of patients with acute severe behavioural disturbance in emergency departments. In: Health Mo, editor, Patient mattters. North Sydney, NSW: New South Wales Government; 2015. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/GL2015_007.pdf

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Olanzapine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/psychotropic-drugs/antipsychotics/olanzapine

7. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2010. Dual diagnosis clinical guidelines - co-occuring mental health and alcohol and other drug problems. Brisbane, QLD: Drug and Alcohol Treatment Strategy Unit and Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Directorate. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/mentalhealth/dd_guidelines_2011.pdf

8. Queensland Government. 2016. Mental Health Act 2016: Act No. 5 of 2016. Queensland Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/asmade/act-2016-005

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Diazepam Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/psychotropic-drugs/drugs-anxiety-sleep-disorders/benzodiazepines/diazepam

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benztropine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/neurological-drugs/drugs-parkinsonism/anticholinergics/benzatropine

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Flumazenil. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antidotes-antivenoms/antidotes/flumazenil

12. eTG complete. 2018. Toxicology: benzodiazepines. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2012, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=toxicology-benzodiazepines#toc_d1e62

13. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Flumazenil. Ipswich, MA:EBSCO Information Services. Revised: 2018, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T233412/Flumazenil#sec-Dosing-and-Indications

14. Queensland Government, Queensland Health. 2017. A guide to the Mental Health Act 2016. Brisbane, QLD: Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/444856/guide-to-mha.pdf

15. Queensland Government, Queensland Health. 2018. Emergency examination authorities: guidelines for hospital and health services. Brisbane, QLD. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0038/639785/Guideline-for-Emergency-Examination-Authorities.pdf

16. Queensland Government, Queensland Health. Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Service, editor. 2016. Patient Safety Communique No. 03/2016: Physical restraint safety risk: issued 7 June 2016. Brisbane, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/613707/ps-comm-032016.pdf

17. MIMS Online. 2019. Flumazenil. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product Info&searchKeyword=Flumazenil &PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=21440001_2

Dementia

Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)1. New South Wales Department of Health. 2013. Assessment and management of people with behavioural and

psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) - A handbook for NSW health clinicians. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mentalhealth/programs/mh/Publications/assessment-mgmt-people-bpsd.pdf

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2. Australian Government. NHMRC. Clinical Practice Guidelines and Principles of Care for People with Dementia. Sydney, NSW: NHMRC Partnership Centre for Dealing with Cognitive and Related Functional Decline in Older People; 2016. Available from: https://www.clinicalguidelines.gov.au/portal/2503/clinical-practice-guidelines-and-principles-care-people-dementia

3. LoGiudice D. The health of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Australasian Journal on Ageing; Wiley Blackwell; 2016; 35 (2). pp 82-85. Accessed: 2017, Oct. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12332

4. LoGiudice D, Strivens E, Smith K, Stevenson M, Atkinson D, Dwyer A, Lautenschlager N, Almeida O, Flicker L. The KICA Screen: The psychometric properties of a shortened version of KICA (Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment). Australasian Journal on Ageing; 2011; 30 (4). pp 215-219. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22176567

5. McMaon D, editor. 2017. Behavioural disturbance in patients with dementia. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T316880/Behavioral-disturbance-in-patients-with-dementia

6. Jenkins C, Ginesi L, Keenan B. Dementia care at a glance. Peate I, editor. Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell; 2016. p. 161

7. Crombie A, Snell T, Boyd J. The ABC of managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Geriaction; 2008; 26 (2). pp 14-24. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=933d639c-45fd-4a9d-b814-bc0152840b70%40sdc-v-sessmgr03&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=105667869&db=ccm

8. Arnold E. Sorting out the 3 D's: Learn how to sift through overlapping signs and symptoms so you can help improve an older patient's quality of life. Nursing 2004; 2004; 34 (6). pp 36-46. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=61547a1f-01b1-446e-9f0a-682243449b1d%40sdc-v-sessmgr06&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=15923934&db=mdc

Psychotic disorders

Psychosis, schizophrenia, drug-induced psychosis, puerperal psychosis1. SANE Australia. 2017. Psychosis. Revised: 2017, May; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.sane.org/

mental-health-and-illness/facts-and-guides/psychosis#guide

2. Queensland Government. 2010. Queensland mind essentials: mental illness nursing documents. Mental Health Directorate, Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0029/444773/mindessentialsfinal.pdf

3. Griswold K, Del Regno P, Berger R. Recognition and differential diagnosis of psychosis in primary care. American Family Physician; 2015; 91 (12). pp 856-863. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0615/p856.html

Mood disorders

Depression, mania, and anxiety 1. World Health Organization. 2018. mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in

non-specialized health settings, version 2.0. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/250239/9789241549790-eng.pdf;jsessionid=32287DE552134B818A88A9C52276664D?sequence=1


3. Malhi G, Bassett D, Boyce P, Bryant R, Fitzgerald P, Fritz K, Hopwood M, Lyndon B, Mulder R, Murray G, et al. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for mood disorders. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry; 2015; 49 (12). pp 1-185. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.ranzcp.org/Files/Resources/Publications/CPG/Clinician/Mood-Disorders-CPG.aspx

4. eTG complete. 2018. Anxiety and associated disorders. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2013, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=anxiety-disorders&guidelineName=Psychotropic#toc_d1e189

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61 References

5. Beyond Blue. 2011. Clinical practice guidelines: Depression and related disorders - anxiety, bipolar disorder and puerperal psychosis - in the perinatal period: A guideline for primary care health professionals. Hawthorn, VIC: Beyond Blue. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: http://resources.beyondblue.org.au/prism/file?token=BL/0891

6. Beyond Blue. 2015. What causes depression? Hawthorn, VIC: Beyond Blue. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.beyondblue.org.au/the-facts/depression/what-causes-depression

7. eTG complete. 2018. Bipolar disorder: acute mania. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2013, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=bipolar-disorder&guidelineName=Psychotropic&topicNavigation=navigateTopic#toc_d1e129

8. Axelsson E, Andersson E, Ljotsson E, Wallhed Finn D, Hedman E. The health preoccupation diagnostic interview: inter-rater reliability of a structured interview for diagnostic assessment of DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder. Cognitive behaviour therapy; 2016; 45 (4). pp 259-269. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27096407

Alcohol and other drugs

Acute alcohol intoxication1. eTG complete. 2017. Alcohol and other drug problems - Alcohol: problem use. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic

Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=alcohol-drug-problems&guidelineName=Psychotropic#toc_d1e103

2. Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Directorate. August 2012. Queensland alcohol and drug withdrawal clinical practice guidelines. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/medicines/drugs-of-dependence?a=167070

3. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2009. Australian guidelines to reduce health risks from drinking alcohol. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/ds10

4. Lin M, Chin R, editor. 2018. Alcohol intoxication. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115687/Alcohol-intoxication#Guidelines-and-Resources

5. Vlad I. Alcohol-related illness. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 708-716.

6. Klein L, Cole J, Driver B, Battista C, Jelinek R, Martel M. Unsuspected critical illness among emergency department patients presenting for acute alcohol intoxication. Annals of Emergency Medicine; 2018; 71 (3). pp 279-288. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=2a788650-c7ec-445e-a8f6-8fefcefc624d%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=S0196064417309216&db=edselp

Alcohol withdrawal1. Long D, Long B, Koyfman A. The emergency medicine management of severe alcohol withdrawal. American Journal of

Emergency Medicine; 2017; 35 (7). pp 1005-1011. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=96db3782-b387-43cf-a17a-a23fe542aea7%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=S0735675717300906&db=edselp

2. eTG complete. 2017. Alcohol and other drug problems - Alcohol: problem use. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=alcohol-drug-problems&guidelineName=Psychotropic#toc_d1e103

3. Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Directorate. August 2012. Queensland alcohol and drug withdrawal clinical practice guidelines. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/medicines/drugs-of-dependence?a=167070

4. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2009. Australian guidelines to reduce health risks from drinking alcohol. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/ds10

5. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Diazepam. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/d/diazepam

6. Muncie H, Yasinian Y, Oge L. Outpatient management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. American Family Physician; 2013; 88 (9). pp 589-595. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=96db3782-b387-43cf-a17a-a23fe542aea7%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aG

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VucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=24364635&db=mdc

7. Brett J, Lawrence L, Ivers R, Conigrave K. Outpatient alcohol withdrawal and management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Australian Family Physician; 2014; 43 (8). pp 563-566. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=96db3782-b387-43cf-a17a-a23fe542aea7%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=edsihc.508391804414594&db=edsihc

Other drugs/substances 1. Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Directorate. August 2012. Queensland alcohol and drug withdrawal clinical

practice guidelines. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/medicines/drugs-of-dependence?a=167070

Section 6 : Obstetrics

Antenatal health

Unintended pregnancy1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines 2018. Therapeutic termination of pregnancy. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health.

Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

2. Australian Government Department of Health. 2018. Clinical practice guidelines. Pregnancy care. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/pregnancycareguidelines

Antenatal care1. Australian Department of Health. 2018. Clinical practice guidelines: Pregnancy care. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available

from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/pregnancycareguidelines

2. Band A, Hammond I, Mountford J, Roeske L. 2017. 14. Screening in pregnancy. Sydney: Cancer Council Australia. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://wiki.cancer.org.au/australia/Clinical_question:Screening_in_pregnancy

3. Kirby Institute. 2017. Bloodborne viral and sexually transmissible infections in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Annual surveillance report 2017. The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society 2017. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://kirby.unsw.edu.au/report/aboriginal-surveillance-report-hiv-viral-hepatitis-and-stis-2017

4. Queensland Health. 2017. Pregnancy Health Record v5.00-SW071. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/caru/clinical-pathways/maternity

5. Australian Government Department of Health. 2017. Zika virus - information for clinicians and public health practitioners. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/ohp-zika-health-practitioners.htm

6. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2015. Obesity in pregnancy. Department of Health. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

7. NACCHO/RACGP. 2012. National guide to a preventative health assessment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. 2nd ed. South Melbourne: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://www.racgp.org.au/download/documents/AHU/2ndednationalguide.pdf

8. Queensland Government. 2014. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in pregnancy and the puerperium. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

9. Queensland Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines Program. 2015, Aug. Queensland maternity and neonatal clinical guideline: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/documents/g-hdp.pdf

10. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2015. Queensland clinical guideline: Gestational diabetes mellitus. Department of Health. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

11. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2010. Iodine supplementation for pregnant and breastfeeding women. Canberra, ACT: Commonwealth of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/new45


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63 References

13. Gardener G, Daly L, Bowring V, Burton G, Chadha Y, Ellwood D, Froen F, Gordon A, Heazell A, MacDonald S, et al. 2017. Clinical practice guideline for the care of women with decreased fetal movements. Brisbane, QLD: Centre for Research Excellence in Stillbirth. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.stillbirthcre.org.au/assets/Uploads/DFM-Clinical-Practice-Guideline-10-August-2017.pdf

14. Parker S, McKinnon L, Kruske S. 'Choice, culture and confidence': Key findings from the 2012 having a baby in Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Survey. BMC Health Services Research; 2014; 14 (196). Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6963-14-196

15. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. 2017. Anti-D prophylaxis. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://transfusion.com.au/disease_therapeutics/fetomaternal/hdn

16. Queensland Clinical Guidelines 2016. Early onset Group B streptococcal disease. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/626732/g-gbs.pdf

17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/trichomoniasis.htm

18. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2014. Vitamin and mineral supplementation and pregnancy. East Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2015, May; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Women%27s%20Health/Statement%20and%20guidelines/Clinical-Obstetrics/Vitamin-and-mineral-supplementation-in-pregnancy-(C-Obs-25)-Review-Nov-2014,-Amended-May-2015_1.pdf?ext=.pdf

19. MIMS Online. 2018. Elevit. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/AbbrPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=elevit&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=60340001_2

Rh(D) immunoglobulin1. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2015. Guidelines for the use of

Rh(D) immunoglobulin (Anti-D) in obstetrics in Australia. Accessed 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/Statements-Guidelines

2. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. 2017. Anti-D prophylaxis. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://transfusion.com.au/disease_therapeutics/fetomaternal/hdn

3. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. 2015. Frequently asked questions about the use of Rh(D) immunoglobulin. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://resources.transfusion.com.au/cdm/ref/collection/p16691coll1/id/822

Pregnancy complications

Ectopic pregnancy1. Tulandi T. 2017. Ectopic pregnancy: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed:

2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ectopic-pregnancy-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=ectopic%20pregnancy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

2. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Early pregnancy loss. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

3. Levine E, editor. 2017. Ectopic pregnancy. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=905272. Registration and login required.

4. Gaieski D, Mikkelsen M. 2018. Definition, classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of shock in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2017, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com

5. NICE. 2012. Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage: Diagnosis and initial management. London, UK. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg154

6. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2015. Guidelines for the use of Rh(D) immunoglobulin (Anti-D) in obstetrics in Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/Statements-Guidelines

Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy 1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Early pregnancy loss. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, May.

Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

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2. Levine E, editor. 2017. Early pregnancy bleeding. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=905272. Registration and login required.


4. Norwitz E, Shin Park J. 2017. Overview of the etiology and evaluation of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy women. UpToDate. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com

5. Tulandi T. 2017. Ectopic pregnancy: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ectopic-pregnancy-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=ectopic%20pregnancy&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

6. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2015. Guidelines for the use of Rh(D) immunoglobulin (Anti-D) in obstetrics in Australia. Accessed; 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/Statements-Guidelines

Urinary tract infection in pregnancy 1. Sigal Y, editor. 2016. Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy. In DynaMed Plus . Accessed: 2018, May. Available

from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=905272. Registration and login required.

2. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2014. Preterm labour and birth. Revised: 2016, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

3. Australian Government Department of Health. 2018. Clinical practice guidelines. Pregnancy care. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/pregnancycareguidelines

4. Johnston CL, Johnston MJ, Corke A, Davies MC. A likely urinary tract infection in a pregnant woman. BMJ; 2017; 357. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/357/bmj.j1777.full.pdf

5. eTG complete. 2014. Acute cystitis in adults: Pregnant women. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Oct; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

6. eTG complete. 2014. Acute pyelonephritis in adults. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: Oct 2015; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=urinary-tract-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e459

7. eTG complete. 2014. Acute cystitis in adults: General considerations. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Oct; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/penicillins/amoxycillin-clavulanic?menu=hints

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nitrofurantoin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/other-antibacterials/nitrofurantoin


11. eTG complete. 2014. Acute pyelonephritis in adults. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2015, Oct; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/desktop/index.htm

12. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ceftriaxone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/ceftriaxone?menu=hints

13. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2019. Ceftriaxone. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/ceftriaxone_sodium

Diabetes in pregnancy1. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. 2016-18. General practice management of type 2 diabetes. East

Melbourne, VIC: RACGP. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/

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65 References

2. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2015. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

3. Siegal B, editor. 2017. Preexisting diabetes in pregnancy. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115946

Hypertension in pregnancy1. Queensland Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines Program. 2015 (amended 2016). Queensland maternity and

neonatal clinical guideline: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/documents/g-hdp.pdf

2. Lowe SA, Bowyer L, Lust K, McMahon LP, Morton MR, North RA, Paech MJ, Said JM. 2014. Guideline for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. SOMANZ. Revised: 2015, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.somanz.org/downloads/HTguidelineupdatedJune2015.pdf

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Magnesium sulfate. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-19/drugs-reversible-airwaysdiseases/asthma.t?menu=hints

Preeclampsia/eclampsia1. Queensland Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines Program. 2015 (amended 2016). Queensland maternity and

neonatal clinical guideline: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/documents/g-hdp.pdf

2. Lowe SA, Bowyer L, Lust K, McMahon LP, Morton MR, North RA, Paech MJ, Said JM. 2014. Guideline for the management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. SOMANZ. Revised: 2015, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.somanz.org/downloads/HTguidelineupdatedJune2015.pdf

3. Altman D, Carroli G, Duley L, Farrell B, Moodley J, Neilson J, Smith D. 2002. Do women with pre-eclampsia, and their babies, benefit from magnesium sulphate? The Magpie Trial: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. England: Elsevier. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=mdc&AN=12057549&site=eds-live

4. August P, Lockwood M, Barss V. 2017. Preeclampsia: Clinical features and diagnosis. Up To Date; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/preeclampsia-clinical-features-and-diagnosis/print?search=preeclampsia&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Calcium gluconate. Adelaide SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antidotes-antivenoms/antidotes/calcium-gluconate

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Magnesium sulfate. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-19/drugs-reversible-airways-diseases/asthma.t?menu=hints

7. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2017. Magnesium sulfate. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/public/copyright

8. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed. 2017. Calcium gluconate. 7th ed. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/calcium_gluconate

Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) 1. Norwitz E, Shin Park J. 2017. Overview of the etiology and evaluation of vaginal bleeding in pregnant women.

UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com

2. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2011. Antepartum haemorrhage. Green-top guideline no. 63. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg63/


4. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2018. Primary postpartum haemorrhage. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

5. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2011. Placenta praevia, placenta praevia accreta and vasa

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praevia: diagnosis and management: Green-top guideline no. 27. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg27/

6. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2015. Guidelines for the use of Rh(D) immunoglobulin (Anti-D) in obstetrics in Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/Statements-Guidelines

Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes 1. Duff P, Lockwood C, Barss V. 2018. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer.

Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/preterm-prelabor-rupture-of-membranes?search=preterm%20prelabor%20rupture%20of%20membranes&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~110&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

2. Queensland Clinical Guidelines 2016. Early onset Group B streptococcal disease. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

3. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2010. Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes. Green-top guideline no. 44. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/Statements-Guidelines/

4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE). 2017. Preterm labour and birth. London, UK. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng25?unlid=9291036072016213201257

5. Bush M, Lockwood C, Barss V. 2018. Umbilical cord prolapse. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/umbilical-cord-prolapse?search=cord%20prolapse&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~25&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

6. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2015. Intrapartum fetal surveillance. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

7. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Ampicillin sodium. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, July. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/a/ampicillin_sodium

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Erythromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/macrolides/erythromycin

9. Queensland Clinical Guidelines 2018. Preterm prelabour rupture of membranes: Short guide. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2019. Ampicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/ampicillin

Labour and birth

Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines 2016. Early onset Group B streptococcal disease. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health.

Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

2. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Benzylpenicillin sodium. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/b/benzylpenicillin_sodium

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benzylpenicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/benzylpenicillin

4. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Lincomycin hydrochloride. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia; Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/l/lincomycin_hydrochloride

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Lincomycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: Jan 2018; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/lincosamides/lincomycin

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Preterm labour 1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2014. Preterm labour and birth. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Revised: 2016,

Nov; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

2. Roberts D, Brown J, Medley N, Dalziel S. 2017. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub3/full

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nifedipine (obstetrics). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-obstetrics/drugs-preterm-labour/nifedipine-obstetrics

4. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Normal birth. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Betamethasone. Adelaide SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/immunomodulators-antineoplastics/immunosuppressants/corticosteroids/betamethasone

Labour 1st stage1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2014. Preterm labour and birth. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Revised: 2016,

Nov; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

2. Fedorowicz Z, Ehrlich A, editors. 2018. Management of routine labor. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=905272. Registration and login required.

3. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Normal birth. Herston, QLD: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

4. Funai E, Norwitz E. 2018. Management of normal labor and delivery. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-normal-labor-and-delivery?search=labor&sectionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H414267876&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=2~150&display_rank=2#H414267876

5. Practical obstetric multi-professional (PROMP) course manual. 3rd ed. Winter C, Crofts J, Draycott T, Muchatuta N, editors. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2017.

6. Simkin P, Klein M. 2018. Nonpharmacologic approaches to management of labor pain. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/nonpharmacologic-approaches-to-management-of-labor-pain?topicRef=4445&source=see_link

7. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Short guide: Nitrous oxide and oxygen in labour. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

8. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Short guide: Opioids in labour. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nitrous oxide. Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anaesthetics/general-anaesthetics/inhaled-anaesthetics/nitrous-oxide

Imminent birth1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Normal birth. Queensland Health. Revised: 2018, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Aug.


2. Gaikward M. 2017. Labor: Second stage. The Joanna Briggs Institute. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com

3. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2018. Primary postpartum haemorrhage. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

4. Cleary-Goldman J, Robinson J. 2017. Delivery of the preterm low birth weight singleton fetus. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delivery-of-the-preterm-low-birth-weight-singleton-fetus?search=birth%20preterm&source=search_result&selectedTitle=4~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=4

5. The Joanna Briggs Institute. 2017. JBI recommended practice: Normal vaginal birth. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available

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6. Snow S, Tayor K, Carpenter J. Rapid midwifery. 1st ed. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated; 2016.

7. Labour and normal birth. In: Charles C, editor. The midwife's labour and birth handbook. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons; 2018.

8. Oxford handbook of midwifery. 3rd ed. Medforth J, Ball L, Walker A, Battersby S, Stables S, editors. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 2017.

9. Queensland Clincial Guidelines. 2012. Perineal care. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity


11. The Joanna Briggs Institute. 2017. JBI recommended practice. Third stage of labor. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com

12. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Oxytocin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-obstetrics/oxytocic-drugs/oxytocin

13. Warren M, editor. 2018. Postpartum hemorrhage. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114247/Postpartum-hemorrhage

Immediate care of the newborn1. Miner D, editor. 2017. Initial newborn assessment. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: http://

www.dynamed.com/login.aspxdirect=true&site=DynaMed&id=116408.

2. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2016. Neonatal resuscitation. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

3. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 13.4 - Airway Management and Mask Ventilation of the Newborn Infant. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

4. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2013. Newborn hypoglycaemia. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

5. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2016. Establishing breastfeeding. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

6. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2010. Joint statement and recommendations on vitamin K administration to newborn infants to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infancy. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/ch39

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Vitamin K. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Revised: Jan 2018; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/lincosamides/clindamycin

8. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2018. Neonatal stabilisation for retrieval. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

9. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2017. Normal birth. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity


Episiotomy and repair of perineum1. Jiang H, Qian X, Carroli G, Garner P. 2017. Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cochrane

Database of Systematic Reviews. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.cochrane.org/CD000081/PREG_selective-versus-routine-use-episiotomy-vaginal-birth

2. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2012. Perineal care. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

3. Nguyen D. 2017. Intrapartum: Perineal and genital trauma (tears or episiotomy). The Joanna Briggs Institute,. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com

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4. Kettle C, Dowswell T, Ismail K. 2012. Continuous and interrupted suturing techniques for repair of episiotomy or second degree tears. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD000947.pub3/full

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Lidocaine (lignocaine) (anaesthesia). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-02/anaesthesia-local-drugs/anaesthetics-local/lignocaine-01

6. The Joanna Briggs Institute. 2017. JBI recommended practice: Perineal care: Postnatal. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com

Emergencies during labour/birth

Neonatal resuscitation1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2016. Neonatal resuscitation. Queensland Health. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed:

2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

2. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR Neonatal flowchart. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/flowcharts-3/

3. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 13.4 - Airway Management and Mask Ventilation of the Newborn Infant. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

4. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 13.3 - Assessment of the newborn infant. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

5. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 13.6 - Chest compressions during resuscitation of the newborn infant. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

6. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 13.8 - The resuscitation of the newborn in special circumstances. East Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

7. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2016. ANZCOR guideline 13.9 - After the resuscitation of a newborn infant. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

8. Australian Resuscitation Council. 2017. ANZCOR guideline 13.1 - Introduction to resuscitation of the newborn infant. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://resus.org.au/guidelines/

Umbilical cord prolapse or presentation1. Bush M, Lockwood C, Barss V. 2018. Umbilical cord prolapse. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018,

Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/umbilical-cord-prolapse?search=cord%20prolapse&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~25&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

2. Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynacologists. 2014. Umbilical cord prolapse. Green-top guideline no. 50. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/

3. Siegal B, editors. 2014. Umbilical cord prolapse. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=900149

4. Dudenhausen J, Travis S, Pschyrembel W, Obladen M, Grab D. Practical obstetrics. De Gruyter, Inc.; 2014.


Primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH)1. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2018. Primary postpartum haemorrhage. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr.


2. Lalonde A. Prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics; 2012; 117 (2). pp 108-118. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0020729212000951?returnurl=null&referrer=null

3. Weeks A, Berghella V, Barss V. 2017. Retained placenta after vaginal birth. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/retained-placenta-after-vaginal-birth?search=manual%20removal%20of%20placenta&sectionRank=1&usage_type=default&anchor=H974299938&source=machineLearning&selectedTitle=1~150&display_rank=1#H974299938

4. Warren M, editor. 2018. Postpartum hemorrhage. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: http://www.

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5. Gaieski D, Mikkelsen M. 2018. Definition, classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of shock in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2017, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/definition-classification-etiology-and-pathophysiology-of-shock-in-adults?search=Definition,%20classification,%20etiology,%20and%20pathophysiology%20of%20shock%20in%20adults&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

6. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2017. Management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/Statements-Guidelines

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Oxytocin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-obstetrics/oxytocic-drugs/oxytocin

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ergometrine. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-obstetrics/oxytocic-drugs/ergometrine

9. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed. 2018. Tranexamic acid. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/public/copyright

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Tranexamic acid. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/blood-electrolytes/other-drugs-affecting-haemostasis/tranexamic-acid?menu=hints

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2019. Misoprostol. Accessed: 2019, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-obstetrics/prostaglandins/misoprostol-obstetrics

Shoulder dystocia1. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2012. Shoulder dystocia. Green-top guideline no. 42. 2nd ed.

Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/?p=5

2. Anderson J. Complications of labor and delivery: shoulder dystocia. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice; 2012; 39 (1). pp 135-144. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0095454311001023?returnurl=null&referrer=null

3. O’Leary JA. The McRoberts Maneuver. In: O'Leary JA, editor. Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury: Prevention and Treatment. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2009. pp 107-117.


5. Jan H, Guimicheva B, Gosh S, Hamid R, Penna L, Sarris I. Clinical article: Evaluation of healthcare professionals’ understanding of eponymous maneuvers and mnemonics in emergency obstetric care provision. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics; 2014; 125. pp 228-231. Accessed Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=edselp&AN=S0020729214001180&site=eds-live

6. Huntley M, Smith JD. Management of shoulder dystocia using the HELPERR mnemonic. British Journal of Midwifery; 2017; 25 (4). pp 240-244. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=ccm&AN=122407368&site=eds-live

7. Fleming M, editor. 2018. Shoulder dystocia. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T900147/Shoulder-dystocia

Breech birth1. Practical obstetric multi-professional (PROMP) course manual. 3rd ed. Winter C, Crofts J, Draycott T, Muchatuta N,

editors. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press; 2017.

2. The Royal Women's Hospital. 2017. Breech: Management of. Melbourne VIC: Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-professionals/clinical-resources/clinical-guidelines-gps

3. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2017. Management of breech presentation. Green-top guideline no. 20b. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/gtg20b/

4. Siegal B, editor. 2017. Breech presentation. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115087/Breech-presentation

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5. Hofmeyr G. 2017. Delivery of the fetus in breech presentation. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delivery-of-the-fetus-in-breech-presentation?search=breech&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~49&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

Postnatal

Secondary postpartum haemorrhage1. Aiken C, Mehasseb M, Prentice A. Secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review; 2011;

23 (1). pp 1-14. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/fetal-and-maternal-medicine-review/article/secondary-postpartum-haemorrhage/A30EF0DF26A9FDCC3B39427A46F91868

2. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2012. Bacterial sepsis following pregnancy. Green-top guideline no. 64b. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/?q=sepsis&subject=&type=Green-top+Guidelines&orderby=title

3. Alexander J, Thomas P, Sanghera J. 2002. Treatments for secondary postpartum haemorrhage (review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.cochrane.org/CD002867/PREG_treatments-for-secondary-postpartum-haemorrhage

4. Babarinsa I, Hayman R, Draycott T. Secondary post-partum haemorrhage: Challenges in evidence-based causes and management. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology; 2011; 159 (2). pp 255-260. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21839573

5. Belfort M, 2017. Secondary (late) postpartum hemorrhage. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/secondary-late-postpartum-hemorrhage?search=postpartum%20hemorrhage&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

6. Gaieski D, Mikkelsen M. 2018. Definition, classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of shock in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2017, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/definition-classification-etiology-and-pathophysiology-of-shock-in-adults

7. Ross C, Arulkumaran S. Postpartum pyrexia. Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine; 2018; 28 (6). pp 177-182. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.clinicalkey.com.au/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S1751721418300551?returnurl=null&referrer=null

8. Government of Western Australia Department of Health. 2016. Secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/development/manuals/O&G_guidelines/index.htm

9. South Australian Perinatal Practice Guidelines. 2012. Secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Department of Health, Government of South Australia. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/clinical+resources/clinical+topics/perinatal/perinatal+practice+guidelines

Mastitis/breast abscess1. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2012. Infant feeding guidelines: Information for health

workers. Australian Government. NHMRC. Department of Health and Ageing. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/n56

2. Siegal B, editor. 2016. Mastitis. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=905272. Registration and login required.

3. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2016. Establishing breastfeeding. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications#maternity

4. Amir L, The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. ABM Clinical protocol #4: Mastitis. Breastfeeding Medicine; 2014; 9 (5). pp 239-243. Accessed; 2018, May. Available from: http://www.bfmed.org/

5. Australian Breastfeeding Association. 2012. Breastfeeding confidence. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/breastfeeding-confidence

6. eTG complete. 2014. Mastitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Oct; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: online.tg.org.au/ip/dektop/index.htm


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Postnatal check 1. World Health Organization. 2017. WHO recommendations on maternal health: Guidelines approved by the WHO

guidelines committee. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/guidelines/en/

2. Haran C, van Driel M, Mitchell B, Brodribb W. Clinical guidelines for postpartum women and infants in primary care–a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth; 2014; 14. p 51. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3906750/

3. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). 2006. Postnatal care up to 8 weeks after birth. London, UK. Revised: 2014; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: nice.org.uk/guidance/cg37

4. World Health Organization. 2015. Pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborn care: A guide for essential practice. 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/imca-essential-practice-guide/en/

5. Queensland Clinical Guidelines. 2015. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Queensland Department of Health. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/publications

6. Queensland Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guidelines Program. 2015 (amended 2016). Queensland maternity and neonatal clinical guideline: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg/documents/g-hdp.pdf

7. Siegal B, editor. 2018. Postpartum management. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://www.dynamed.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=DynaMed&id=905272. Registration and login required.

Section 7 Sexual and reproductive health

Contraception

Contraception 1. Bateson D, McNamee K, O'Connor V. Contraception: an Australian clinical practice handbook. 4th ed. Ashfield, NSW:

Family Planning New South Wales (FPNSW), True Relationships and Reproductive Health, Family Planning Victoria (FPV); 2016. 266 p.

2. Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. 2016. The UK medical eligibility criteria for contraception use. London, UK. Royal college of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Revised: 2017; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.fsrh.org/standards-and-guidance/external/ukmec-2016-digital-version/

3. Adamopoulou V, Vgenopoulou I, Hatziveis K. Hormonal contraception: New insights on the risk of venous thromboembolism. International Journal of Caring Sciences; 2015; 8 (3). pp 843-852. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=3c51caea-c215-44b0-ad5a-7065c0a2255c%40sessionmgr4006&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=110579162&db=ccm

4. Bateson D, McNamee K, O'Connor V. Contraception: an Australian clinical practice handbook. 4th ed. Ashfield, NSW: Family Planning New South Wales (FPNSW), True Relationships and Reproductive Health, Family Planning Victoria (FPV); 2016.

5. Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. FSRH Guideline: Quick Starting Contraception. 2017. London, UK: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.fsrh.org/news/updated-clinical-guidance-published-quick-starting/

6. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Long acting reversible contraception. C-GN 34. East Melbourne, VIC: Women's Health Committee. RANZCOG; 2017. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Women%27s%20Health/Statement%20and%20guidelines/Clinical%20-%20Gynaecology/Long-acting-reversible-contraception-(C-Gyn-34)-Review-July-2017.pdf?ext=.pdf

7. Australian Healthcare and Hospitals Association (AHHA). Consensus statement: Reducing unintended pregnancy for

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Australian women through increased access to long-acting reversible contraceptive methods. 2017. Canberra, ACT. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://ahha.asn.au/sites/default/files/docs/policy-issue/larc_consensus_statement.pdf

8. True Relationships and Reproductive Health. 2016. DMPA Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate. V4. Revised: 2016; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.true.org.au/health-information/contraception/depomedroxyprogesterone-acetate-dmpa-injections

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Medroxyprogesterone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-contraception/progestogens/medroxyprogesterone?menu=hints

10. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG).Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate. C-Gyn-4. East Melbourne, VIC: RANZCOG; 2015. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Women%27s%20Health/Statement%20and%20guidelines/Clinical%20-%20Gynaecology/Depot-Medroxyprogesterone-Acetate-(C-Gyn-4)-Review-November-2018.pdf?ext=.pdf

11. eTG complete. 2017. Progestin-only contraception. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=hormonal-contraception&guidelineName=Endocrinology#toc_d1e1369

12. Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. Clinical guidance: Drug interactions with hormonal contraception. 2018. London, UK: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.fsrh.org/news/updated-clinical-guideline-published-drug-interaction-with/

13. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Intrauterine contraception. C-Gyn-03. East Melbourne, VIC: RANZCOG; 2017. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Women%27s%20Health/Statement%20and%20guidelines/Clinical%20-%20Gynaecology/Intrauterine-contraception-(C-Gyn-3)-Review-July-2017_3.pdf?ext=.pdf

14. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Combined hormonal contraceptives. C-Gyn 28. East Melbourne, VIC: RANZCOG; 2016. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Women%27s%20Health/Statement%20and%20guidelines/Clinical-Obstetrics/Combined-hormonal-contraceptives-(C-Gyn-28)-Review-March-2016.pdf?ext=.pdf

15. eTG complete. 2017. Combined hormonal contraception. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=hormonal-contraception&guidelineName=Endocrinology#toc_d1e383

16. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Combined oral contraceptives. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-contraception/combined-oral-contraceptives

17. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Progesterone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-contraception/progestogens/progesterone

18. Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare. FSRH Guideline: Emergency contraception. 2017. London, UK: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.fsrh.org/documents/fsrh-publishes-updated-emergency-contraception-guideline/

19. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG). Emergency contraception. C-Gyn 11. East Melbourne, VIC: RANZCOG; 2016. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Women%27s%20Health/Statement%20and%20guidelines/Clinical%20-%20Gynaecology/Emergency-contraception-(C-Gyn-11)-Review-July-2016.pdf?ext=.pdf

20. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Emergency contraception. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-contraception/emergency-contraception

21. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ulipristal acetate. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-17/contraception/contraception-other/ulipristal

22. MIMS Online. 2018. EllaOne. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Ulipristal+acetate&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=27840001_2

23. eTG complete. 2017. Emergency (postcoital) contraception. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised:

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2014, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=hormonal-contraception&guidelineName=Endocrinology#toc_d1e1800

24. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2019. Levonogestral. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-contraception/progestogens/levonorgestrel

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Sexually transmitted infections general1. Australasian Society for HIV Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM). 2016. Australasian Contact Tracing

Guidelines. ASHM. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://contacttracing.ashm.org.au/

2. Australian Government Department of Health. 2014. Third National Sexually Transmissible Infections Strategy 2014-2017. Commonwealth of Australia. Revised: 2014, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ohpbbvs-sti

3. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2016. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. ASHM. Revised: 2016, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/populations-and-situations/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander

4. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Donavanosis. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/donovanosis?highlight=WyJkb25vdmFub3NpcyJd

5. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Chlamydia. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/chlamydia?highlight=WyJjaGxhbXlkaWEiXQ==

6. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Gonorrhoea. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/gonorrhoea?highlight=WyJnb25vcnJob2VhIl0=

7. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: PID - Pelvic inflammatory disease. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/syndromes/pid-pelvic-inflammatory-disease?highlight=WyJwaWQiXQ==

8. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Mycoplasma genitalium. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/mycoplasma-genitalium?highlight=WyJteWNvcGxhc21hIiwiZ2VuaXRhbGl1bSIsIm15Y29wbGFzbWEgZ2VuaXRhbGl1bSJd

Chlamydia/gonorrhoea/trichomonas/mycoplasma genitalium1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Chlamydia. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/chlamydia?highlight=WyJjaGxhbXlkaWEiXQ==

2. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Gonorrhoea. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/gonorrhoea?highlight=WyJnb25vcnJob2VhIl0=

3. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Mycoplasma genitalium. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/mycoplasma-genitalium?highlight=WyJteWNvcGxhc21hIiwiZ2VuaXRhbGl1bSIsIm15Y29wbGFzbWEgZ2VuaXRhbGl1bSJd

4. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Trichomoniasis. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/trichomoniasis

5. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: PID - Pelvic inflammatory disease. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://sti.guidelines.org.au/syndromes/pid-pelvic-inflammatory-disease

6. eTG complete. 2017. Genital and sexually transmitted infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=genital-sexually-transmittedinfections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

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7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/ antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin?menu=hints

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ceftriaxone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/ceftriaxone?menu=hints

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metronidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd.Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/metronidazole

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Tinidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/tinidazole

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Doxycycline. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/tetracyclines/doxycycline

12. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed. 2019. Ceftriaxone sodium. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/ceftriaxone_sodium

Bacterial vaginosis1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Bacterial vaginosis. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/infections-associated-with-sex/bacterial-vaginosis?highlight=WyJiYWN0ZXJpYWwiLCJ2YWdpbm9zaXMiLCJiYWN0ZXJpYWwgdmFnaW5vc2lzIl0=

2. Levine E, Siegal B, editors. 2017. Bacterial vaginosis (BV). In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115494/Bacterial-vaginosis-BV

3. eTG complete. 2017. Genital and sexually transmitted infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=genital-sexuallytransmitted-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metronidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/metronidazole

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Clindamycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/lincosamides/clindamycin

Candidiasis/vaginal (thrush)1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Candidiasis. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/infections-associated-with-sex/candidiasis?highlight=WyJjYW5kaWRpYXNpcyJd

2. eTG complete. 2017. Anogenital skin conditions. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=anogenital-skinconditions&sectionId=dmg-c07-s5-2#dmg-c07-s5-2

3. Levine, E, editor. 2017. Vulvovaginal candidiasis. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116590/Vulvovaginal-candidiasis

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Clotrimazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-vaginalinfections/azoles-vaginal/clotrimazole-vaginal?menu=hints

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Miconazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-vaginalinfections/azoles-vaginal/miconazole-vaginal?menu=hints

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Nystatin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/obstetric-gynaecological-drugs/drugs-vaginalinfections/other-vaginal-anti-infectives/nystatin-vaginal?menu=hints

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7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Fluconazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antifungals/azoles/fluconazole

Epididymo-orchitis 1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Epididymo-orchitis. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/syndromes/epididymo-orchitis


3. Loughlin K, editor. 2017. Acute epididymitis. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Oct; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114552/Acuteepididymitis

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin?menu=hints


6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Doxycycline. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-05/antibacterials-01/tetracyclines/doxycycline#doxycycline-tetracyclines.04


Low abdominal pain in female 1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: PID

- Pelvic inflammatory disease. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://sti.guidelines.org.au/syndromes/pid-pelvic-inflammatory-disease


3. Fleischman S, editor. 2017. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2016, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114793/Pelvic-inflammatory-disease-PID


5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metronidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/metronidazole

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin?menu=hints



Genital sores/ulcers 1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Ano-genital Lumps. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.

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au/syndromes/ano-genitallumps#clinical-presentation

2. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2016. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: Ano-genital Ulcers. ASHM. Revised: 2016, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/syndromes/ano-genital-ulcers?highlight=WyJhbm8tZ2VuaXRhbCIsInVsY2VycyIsImFuby1nZW5pdGFsIHVsY2VycyJd


Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV)1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Herpes. ASHM. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/herpes?highlight=WyJnZW5pdGFsIiwiaGVycGVzIiwiZ2VuaXRhbCBoZXJwZXMiXQ==

2. eTG complete. 2017. Genital and sexually transmitted infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org au/viewTopic?topicfile=genital-sexually-transmittedinfections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

3. Ridzon R, editor. 2018. Genital herpes. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2018, Feb; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114875/Genital-herpes

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Valaciclovir. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antivirals/guanineanalogues/valaciclovir?menu=hints

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Aciclovir. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antivirals/guanineanalogues/aciclovir?menu=hints

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Famciclovir. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antivirals/guanineanalogues/famciclovir?menu=hints

Syphilis 1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Syphilis. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/syphilis?highlight=WyJzeXBoaWxpcyJd


3. Ridzon R, editor. 2018. Primary syphilis. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115619/Primary-syphilis

4. DynaMed Plus. 2018. Latent syphilis. Ipswich, MA:EBSCO information Services. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115040/Latentsyphilis#Overview-and-Recommendations

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benzathine benzylpenicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/penicillins/benzathine-benzylpenicillin

Donovanosis 1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Donavanosis. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/donovanosis?highlight=WyJkb25vdmFub3NpcyJd


2. Ridzon R, editor. 2018. Granuloma inguinale. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2015, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114741/Granuloma-inguinale

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd.

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Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/antiinfectives/antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin?menu=hints


Genital warts 1. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2018. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care:

Genital warts. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissible-infections/hpv?highlight=WyJocHYiXQ==


3. Siegal B, editor. 2018. Condyloma acuminatum. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2018, Feb; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115113

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Podophyllotoxin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/dermatologicaldrugs/

5. Oxfuordshire Sexual Health Service. 2014, Dec. How to use your podophyllotoxin cream. Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust. Accessed: 2019, Mar. Available from: https://www.ouh.nhs.uk/patient-guide/leaflets/files/11192 Ppodophyllotoxin.pdf

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection1. Tsibris A, editor. 2018. Overview of HIV infection. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar.

Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114424/Overview-of-HIV-infection#Pathogen-and-transmission

2. Australasian Sexual Health Alliance (ASHA). 2017. Australian STI management guidelines for use in primary care: HIV. ASHM. Revised: 2017, Dec; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: http://www.sti.guidelines.org.au/sexually-transmissibleinfections/hiv

3. eTG complete. 2017. Human immunodeficiency virus infection. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=humanimmunodeficiency-virus-infection&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e97

4. Queensland Health. 2017. HIV and AIDS. Queensland Government. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/clinical-practice/guidelines-procedures/sex-health/hiv-aids

Rape and sexual assault

Rape and sexual assault1. Queensland Government Interagency Working Group Responding to Sexual Assault. 2014. Response to sexual assault

- Queensland government interagency guidelines for responding to people who have experienced sexual assault. Queensland Government. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://publications.qld.gov.au/dataset/1f7ea4ec-bec8-4428-ab60-0a6c119ac70d/resource/3b3958c9-504f-4698-a64d-e56ca7e5248e

2. Weichenthal L, editor. 2017. Sexual assault - emergency management. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T909932/Sexual-assault-emergency-management#References

3. Knox I, Crampton R. Sexual assault. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 698-703.

4. Queensland Department of Health. 2016. Conducting child sexual assault examinations. #QH-GDL-943:2015. Queensland Government. Revised: 2016; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/147635/qh-gdl-943.pdf

5. Bates CK. 2018. Evaluation and management of adult and adolescent sexual assault victims. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-and-management-of-adult-and-adolescent-sexual-assault-victims

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Section 8: Paediatrics

Paediatric presentation

History and physical examination, Differential diagnoses1. Queensland Health. 2018. Emergency department paediatric sepsis pathway: Trial. Queensland Government.

Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0037/2216989/sepsis-paed-case.pdf


3. Murtagh J, Rosendblatt J. John Murtagh's general practice. 6th ed. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd; 2015. pp 989-1077.

4. Corrales AY, Starr M. Assessment of the unwell child. Australian Family Physician; The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP); 2010, May; 39 (5). pp 270-275. Accessed: 2018, Jan. Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2010/may/assessment-of-the-unwell-child/

5. Douglas G, Nicol F, Robertson C. MacLeod's clinical examination. 13th ed: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2013.

6. PEMSoft EBSCO Publishing. 2017. Pediatric assessment triangle. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: http://pemsoft.ebscohost.com/contentUK/PPacCore/UID186738.html#PEDIATRIC+ASSESSMENT+TRIANGLE

7. Drutz J. 2017. The pediatric physical examination: General principles and standard measures. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/the-pediatric-physical-examination-general-principles-and-standard-measurements?search=history%20child&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

8. Health Support Queensland. 2018. Pathology forms. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/hsq/pathology/testing/forms

Button battery

Button battery ingestion/insertion1. Gugelmann H, editor. 2018. Button (disk) batteries toxicity - emergency management. In DynaMed Plus. Revised:

2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T908621/Button-disk-batteries-toxicity-emergency-management

2. Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service. Foreign bodies: ear, nose, inhaled and ingested emergency management in children. Version 1.0: Document Number. CHQ-GDL-00742. Queensland Government, Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Apr. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/703507/gdl-00742.pdf

3. Queensland Health. Patient Safety Unit. 2013. Patient Safety Communique No. 4/2013: Disc battery ingestion/insertion in children. Issued 18 September 2013. Brisbane, QLD: Queensland Government. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/611492/ps-comm-0413.pdf

Respiratory problems

Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)1. eTG complete. 2018. Acute rhinosinusitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed:

2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

2. eTG complete. 2018. Cough. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=cough&guidelineName=Respiratory#toc_d1e52

3. Cadilla A, editor. 2017. Acute Rhinosinusitis in children. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T902949/Acute-rhinosinusitis-in-children

4. Hobbs C. 2018. Upper respiratory infection (URI) in children. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Oct; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T903639/Upper-respiratory-infection-URI-in-children#History-and-Physical

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5. Wald E, Applegate K, Bordley C, Darrow D, Glode MP, Marcy SM, Nelson CE, Rsenfeld RM, Shaikh N, Smith MJ, et al. 2013. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute bacterial sinusitis in children aged 1 to 18. American Academy of Paediatrics. 2013, Jul; 135 (1). pp e262-280. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23796742?dopt=Abstract

6. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). 2010. Australian guidelines for the prevention and control of infection in healthcare. CD33. Australian Government NHMRC. Department of Health and Ageing. Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/publications/attachments/cd33_complete.pdf

7. eTG complete. 2018. Ear, nose and throat infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Antibiotic&topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic&sectionId=toc_d1e681#toc_d1e737

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/amoxicillin

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Cefuroxime. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jul.; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/cephalosporins/cefuroxime?menu=hints


Sore throat1. Fleisher G. 2017. Evaluation of sore throat in children. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2017; Accessed: 2018,

Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-sore-throat-in-children?search=sore%20throat%20children&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

2. Pichichero M. 2018. Treatment and prevention of streptococcal pharyngitis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-and-prevention-of-streptococcal-pharyngitis?search=sore%20throat%20differential%20diagnosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=15~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=15

3. eTG complete. 2018. Acute pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

4. Investigation into the quality of health services provided to Jesse James Dean and the events surrounding his death on 3 May 2010. 2012. Brisbane, QLD: Health Quality and Complaints Commission. Accessed: 2018, Jul.

5. Demmler-Harrison G. 2018. Overview of cytomegalovirus in children. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-cytomegalovirus-infections-in-children?search=cytomegalovirus&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3

6. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Sore Throat. Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2018; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Sore_throat/


8. Kelly AM. Respiratory emergencies. In: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, editors. Textbook of adult emergency medicine. 4th ed. Sydney, NSW: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier; 2015. pp 286-291.

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benzathine benzylpenicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/benzathine-benzylpenicillin

10. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2018. Cefalexin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Oct. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/cefalexin?menu=hints

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin?menu=hints

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Pertussis (whooping cough)1. Neilan A, editor. 2018. Pertussis. In DynaMed Plus. Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://

www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114591/Pertussis#Complications-and-Prognosis

2. Yeh S, Mink C. 2018. Pertussis infection in infants and children: Clinical features and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pertussis-infection-in-infants-and-children-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?search=pertussis%20diagnosis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

3. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Whooping cough (pertussis). Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Whooping_Cough_Pertussis/

4. Yeh S. 2018. Pertussis infection in infants and children: Treatment and prevention. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pertussis-infection-in-infants-and-children-treatment-and-prevention?topicRef=5995&source=see_link

Croup/epiglottitis1. Loftis L. 2017. Emergency evaluation of acute upper airway obstruction in children. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer.

Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/emergency-evaluation-of-acute- upper-airway-obstruction-in-children?search=epiglottitis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~43&usage_ type=default&display_rank=3

2. eTG complete. 2018. Croup. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=croup&guidelineName=Respiratory#toc_d1e52

3. Qaseem A, editor. 2017. Acute epiglottitis. Dynamed Plus. Revised: 2017, Sep; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T115468/Acute-epiglottitis

4. Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service. 2017. Emergency Management of Children with Acute Croup. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0032/718691/guide_00702_1.pdf

5. eTG complete. 2018. Ear, nose and throat infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=An tibiotic&topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic&sectionId=toc_d1e681#toc_d1e737

6. Australian Medicines Handbook Children’s Dosing Companion. 2018. Dexamethasone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/dexamethasone?menu=hints

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Dexamethasone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/chap-14/immunosuppressants-02/ corticosteroids-02/dexamethasone

8. MIMS Online. 2018. Dexamethasone Full Pl. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Dexa methasone&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=6780001_2

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ceftriaxone. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/ cephalosporins/ceftriaxone?menu=hints

10. Australian Medicines Handbook Children’s Dosing Companion. 2019. Adrenaline (epinephrine). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/adrenaline

11. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Budesonide (inhaled). Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/respiratory-drugs/drugs-asthma-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease/corticosteroids-inhaled/budesonide-inhaled?menu=hints

12. MIMS Online. 2018. Prednisolone. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Prednisolo ne&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=33710001_2

13. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Prednisolone/prednisone. Australian Medicines Handbook. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/immunomodulators- antineoplastics/immunosuppressants/corticosteroids/prednisolone-prednisone

14. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Ceftriaxone. Collingwood, Vic: The Society of Hospital

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Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/c/ceftriaxone_sodium

Bronchiolitis1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Bronchiolitis in children. qs122. London, UK. 2016. Accessed:

2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs122

2. Agency for Clinical Innovation, New South Wales Health. Infants and children - acute management of bronchiolitis. Guideline. Sydney, NSW: Agency for Clinical Innovation, New South Wales Health. New South Wales Government; 2018. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/GL2018_001.pdf

3. Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) research network. Australasian bronchiolitis guideline (Complete version). 2016. Melbourne, VIC: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: http://www.predict.org.au/publications/2016-pubs/

4. Janu E, Annabattula B, Kumariah S, Zajaczkowska M, Whitehall J, Edwards M, Lujic S, Masters I. Paediatric hospitalisations for lower respiratory tract infections in Mount Isa. Medical Journal of Australia; 2014; 200 (10). pp 591-594. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2014/200/10/paediatric-hospitalisations-lower-respiratory-tract-infections-mount-isa

5. Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management. ng9. London, UK. 2015. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng9

6. Queensland Health. Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Service. 2017. Patient Safety Communique No. 05/2017: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy: issued 13 April 2017. Brisbane, QLD: Queensland Government. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/1352051/ps-comm-052017.pdf

Pneumonia1. eTG complete. 2018. Community-acquired pneumonia. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014,

Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=community-acquired-pne umonia&guidelineName=Antibiotic&topicNavigation=navigateTopic#toc_d1e47

2. Kavanagh P. 2018. Community-acquired pneumonia in children. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, July. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T113670/Community-acquired- pneumonia-in-children

Post streptococcal disease

Acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN)1. Niaudet P. 2018. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available

from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/poststreptococcal-glomerulonephritis?search=glomerulonephritis%20children&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

2. Northern Territory Government. 2010. Northern Territory guidelines for acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Centre for Disease Control. Department of Health and Families Northern Territory. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://digitallibrary.health.nt.gov.au/prodjspui/handle/10137/444

3. Scrace M, Koko K. An outbreak of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in remote Far North Queensland. Australian Journal of Rural Health; 2006; 14 (4). pp 160-163. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911165

4. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-hcp/post-streptococcal.html

5. Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Haas M. Post-streptoccus glomerulonephritis. In: Ferretti J, Stevens J, Fischetti V, editors. Streptococcus pyrogenes: Basic biology to clinical manifestations. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences; 2016.

6. Flynn J, Kaelber D, Baker-Smith C, Blowey D, Carroll A, Daniels S, de Ferranti S, Dionne J, Falkner B, Flinn S. et al. Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. American Academy of Paediatrics; 2017; 140 (3). Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2017/08/21/peds.2017-1904.full.pdf

7. Government of Western Australia. Western Australia Country Health Service. 2015. Acute post-strepotcoccal glomerulonephritis. Kimberly control measures 2014. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: http://kams.org.au/

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resources/clinical-protocols-guidelines/

8. Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook. 7th ed, 2018. Benzathine penicillin. Collingwood, VIC: The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://aidh.hcn.com.au/browse/b/benzathine_penicillin

9. MIMS Online. 2018. Bicillin-LA. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au

10. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin?menu=hints

11. eTG complete. 2018. Acute pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e47

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) 1. RHD Australia (ARF/RHD writing group). National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac Society of Australia

and New Zealand. 2012. The Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. 2nd ed. Menzies School of Health Research. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.rhdaustralia.org.au/arf-rhd-guideline

2. Steer A, Gibfofsky A. 2018. Acute rheumatic fever: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, May; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-rheumatic-fever-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=acute%20rheumatic%20fever&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~119&usage_type=default&display_rank=1

3. eTG complete. 2018. Acute Rheumatic Fever. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-rheumatic-fever&guidelineName=Rheumatology#toc_d1e62

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Benzathine penicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Feb. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/benzathine-benzylpenicillin

5. RHD Australia (ARF/RHD writing group). The 2020 Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. 2020 [cited 2020 May 8]. Available from: https://www.rhdaustralia.org.au/arf-rhd-guideline

Ear problems

Ear and hearing assessment 1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis

media in Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander populations. Darwin, NT: Menzies School of Health Research. Revised: 2015; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/promotion-resources?lid=22141

Ear infections (general)1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis


2. eTG complete. 2018. Acute otitis media. Melbourne, Victoria: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e444

Acute otitis media (AOM) with/without perforation1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis


2. eTG complete. 2018. Acute otitis media. Melbourne, Victoria: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guide

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3. Limb C, Lustig L, Durand M. 2018. Acute otitis media in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-otitis-media-in-adults?search=aom&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Amoxicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/penicillins/amoxicillin?menu=hints

5. The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Acute otitis media. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Acute_otitis_media/

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/other-antibacterials/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole?menu=hints

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Azithromycin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/macrolides/azithromycin?menu=hints

8. MIMS Online. 2018. Azithromycin. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product%20Info&searchKeyword=Azithromycin&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=97440001_2

9. Australian Medicines Handbook Children’s Dosing Companion. 2018. Amoxicillin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/amoxicillin?menu=hints

10. Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service. 2018. Statewide paediatric guideline: Acute otitis media - emergency management in children. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/guideline-acute-otitis-media-emergency-management-in-children/

Otitis media with effusion (OME)1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis

media in Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander populations. Darwin, NT: Menzies School of Health Research. Revised: 2015; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/promotion-resources?lid=22141

2. eTG complete. 2018. Persistent otitis media with effusion. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Antibiotic&topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic&sectionId=toc_d1e681#toc_d1e681

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) AND Cleaning techniques for ears with chronic discharge1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis


2. eTG complete. 2018. Acute otitis media. Melbourne, Victoria: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e444

3. eTG complete. 2018. Ear, nose and throat infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Antibiotic&topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic&sectionId=toc_d1e681#toc_d1e737

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Ciprofloxacin (ear). Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/ear-nose-throat-drugs/drugs-ear-infections/antibacterials-ear/ciprofloxacin-ear?menu=hints

Ear discharge in the presence of grommets1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis


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85 References

Dry perforation1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis


Cholesteatoma1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis


2. eTG complete. 2018. Acute otitis media. Melbourne, Victoria: Therapeutic Guidelines Limited. Revised: Mar, 2018; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e444

3. Lustig L, Limb C, Baden R, LaSalvia M. 2018. Chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, and mastoiditis in adults. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-otitis-media-cholesteatoma-and-mastoiditis-in-adults?source=search_result&search=chronic+otitis+media+cholesteatom&selectedTitle=1~67

4. Sakalli E, Kaya D, Celikyurt C, Erdurak SC. Clinical characteristics and follow-up of patients with external ear canal cholesteatoma treated conservatively. Ear Nose Throat J; 2016, July; 95 (7). pp 269-273. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/0cd69cde6dacd58b21b2ddeb69f8d984/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=47886

Acute mastoiditis1. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis


Otitis externa AND Ear wick technique for otitis externa1. eTG complete. 2018. Ear, nose and throat infections. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2017, Jul;

Accessed: 2018, June. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?etgAccess=true&guidelinePage=Antibiotic&topicfile=ear-nose-throat-infections&guidelineName=Antibiotic&sectionId=toc_d1e681#toc_d1e737

2. Darwin Otitis Guidelines Group. 2010. Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis media in Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander populations. Darwin, NT: Menzies School of Health Researchg. Revised: 2015; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/promotion-resources?lid=22141

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Dexamethasone, framycetin and gramicidin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/ear-nose-throat-drugs/drugs-ear-infections/corticosteroids-anti-infectives/dexamethasone-framycetin-gramicidin?menu=hints

4. Rosenfeld RM, Schwartz SR, Cannon CR, et al; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014 Feb;150(1 Suppl): S1-S24. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0194599813517083

Traumatic rupture of the eardrum1. Elanchezhian DM, Babu DV. Clinical Study Of Etiological Factors, Clinical Course And Outcome Of Traumatic

Perforation Of Tympanic Membrane In Rural Tertiary Care Centre. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 2017; 7 (10). Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://wwjournals.com/index.php/ijar/article/view/339

Foreign body/insect in ear1. Kavanagh P, editor. 2018. Ear foreign body removal. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://

www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T909713/Ear-foreign-body-removal

2. Isaacson GC, Ojo A. 2018. Diagnosis and management of foreign bodies of the outer ear. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnosis-and-management-of-foreign-bodies-of-the-outer-ear?search=foreign%20body%20ear&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~18&usage_

http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/key-resources/promotion-resources?lid=22141

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3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Dexamethasone, framycetin and gramicidin. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/ear-nose-throat-drugs/drugs-ear-infections/corticosteroids-anti-infectives/dexamethasone-framycetin-gramicidin?menu=hints

Gastrointestinal problems

Acute gastroenteritis/dehydration1. eTG complete. 2018. Acute gastroenteritis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available

from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=acute-gastroenteritis&guidelineName=Antibiotic#t oc_d1e61

2. Stanford F, editor. 2018. Nausea and vomiting in infants and children. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T900008/Nausea-and- vomiting-in-infants-and-children

3. Matson D. 2018. Acute viral gastroenteritis in children in resource-rich countries: Clinical features and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-viral- gastroenteritis-in-children-in-resource-rich-countries-clinical-features-and-diagnosis

4. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Gastroenteritis. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Gastroenteritis/

5. eTG complete. 2018. Supportive management of acute gastroenteritis. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=supportive-management-gastro intestinal&guidelineName=Gastrointestinal#toc_d1e61

Lactose intolerance1. eTG complete. 2018. Food intolerance. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available

from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=food-intolerance&guidelineName=Gastrointestinal#t oc_d1e106

2. Ebach D. 2018. Lactose intolerance in children. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T306336/Lactose-intolerance-in-children

Giardiasis1. eTG complete. 2018. Gastrointestinal tract infections: protozoa. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd.

Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=gastrointestinal-protozoa&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e413

2. Fedorowicz Z, editor. 2018. Giardiasis. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T113949/Giardiasis

3. Bartelt L. 2018. Giardiasis: Treatment and prevention. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/giardiasis-treatment-and-prevention

4. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Tinidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/tinidazole?menu=hints

5. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Metronidazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/antibacterials/nitroimidazoles/metronidazole

6. MIMS Online. 2019. Tinidazole. Sydney, NSW: MIMS Australia Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2019, Mar. Available from: https://www.mimsonline.com.au/Search/FullPI.aspx?ModuleName=Product Info&searchKeyword=tinidazole&PreviousPage=~/Search/QuickSearch.aspx&SearchType=&ID=9370001_2

Intestinal worms1. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Worm infections. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd.

Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/anthelmintics/worm-infections#top

2. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Antihelmintics comparitive information. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/

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anti-infectives/tables/anthelmintics-table

3. Lowth M. Bugs, protozoa and worms. Practice Nurse; 2013; 43 (9). pp 38-43. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=8c292953-ebeb-4c38-b9b6-bc6a18ff379b%40pdc-v-sessmgr06&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwLGF0aGVucyZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl#AN=107973808&db=ccm

4. Leder K, Weller P. 2018. Strongyloidiasis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/strongyloidiasis?topicRef=487&source=related_link

5. eTG complete. 2018. Gastrointestinal tract infections: helminths (worms). Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2014, Nov; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=gastrointestinal-helminths&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e149

6. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Pyrantel. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/anthelmintics/other-anthelmintics/pyrantel

7. eTG complete. 2018. Gastrointestinal tract infections: helminths (worms). Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jul; Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=gastrointestinal-helminths&guidelineName=Antibiotic#toc_d1e104

8. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Albendazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Nov. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/anthelmintics/benzimidazoles/albendazole

9. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Mebendazole. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/anti-infectives/anthelmintics/benzimidazoles/mebendazole?menu=vertical

Constipation1. UpToDate. 2018. Prevention and treatment of acute constipation in infants and children. Wolters Kluwer. Accessed:

2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-treatment-of-acute- constipation-in-infants-and-children

2. eTG complete. 2018. Functional gastrointestinal disorders. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=functional-gastrointestinal-disorders&gui delineName=Gastrointestinal#toc_d1e756

3. Ostrovsky D, editor. 2018. Constipation in children. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T900171/Constipation-in-children

4. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Constipation. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Constipation/

Pyloric stenosis1. Olivé AP. 2018. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available

from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/infantile-hypertrophic-pyloric-stenosis

2. Adibe O, editor. 2018. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116010/Hypertrophic-pyloric-stenosis

3. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Pyloric stenosis. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Pyloric_stenosis/

Intussusception1. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Intussusception. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available

from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Intussusception/

2. Adibe O, editor. 2018. Intussusception. In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116762/Intussusception

3. Vo N, Sato T. 2018. Intussusception in children. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www. uptodate.com/contents/intussusception-in-children

Anaemia1. Zuuren E, editor. 2018. Iron deficiency in children (infancy through adolescence). In DynaMed Plus. Accessed: 2018,

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Aug. Available from: https://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T435307/Irondeficiency-in-children-infancy-through-adolescence

2. eTG complete. 2018. Overview of iron deficiency. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=iron-deficency&guidelineName=Gastrointestinal#toc_d1e47

3. Sandoval C. 2018. Approach to the child with anemia. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-child-with-anemia

4. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Anaemia. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Anaemia_Guideline/

5. Lin JC. 2018. Chapter 34: Approach to Anemia in the Adult and Child. In Hematology Edition. 7th ed: Elsevier Inc. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,athens&db=edselp&AN=B9780323357623000342&site=eds-live

6. Australian Medicines Handbook Children's Dosing Companion. 2018. Iron. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://childrens.amh.net.au/monographs/iron

7. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Iron. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Accessed: 2018, Aug. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/blood-electrolytes/drugs-anaemias/otherdrugs-anaemias/iron?menu=hints

8. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2019. Iron deficiency. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/iron_deficiency/

9. National Blood Authority Australia. 2017. Paediatric and neonatal iron deficiency anaemia guide: Guidance for Australian health providers. Canberra, ACT. Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://www.blood.gov.au/paediatric-and-neonatal-iron-deficiency-anaemia-guide

Urinary tract problems

Urinary tract infection 1. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Urinary tract infection. Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2017, Nov;

Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Urinary_tract_infection/

2. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Urinary tract infection in under 16s: diagnosis and management. cg54. London, UK. 2007. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg54

3. Desai D, Gilbert B, McBride C. Paediatric urinary tract infections: diagnosis and treatment. Australian Family Physician; 2016; 45 (8). pp 558-563. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2016/august/paediatric-urinary-tract-infections-diagnosis-and-treatment/

4. Shaikh N, Hoberman A. Danzl DF. 2018. Urinary tract infections in infants and children older than one month: clinical features and diagnosis. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/urinary-tract-infections-in-infants-and-children-older-than-one-month-clinical-features-and-diagnosis?topicRef=5991&source=see_link

5. Bajaj L, Bothner J. 2018. Urine collection techniques in infants and children with suspected urinary tract infection. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Jun; Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/urine-collection-techniques-in-infants-and-children-with-suspected-urinary-tract-infection?sectionName=SELECTION%20OF%20TECHNIQUE&topicRef=5990&anchor=H678706322&source=see_link#H678706322

6. Fernandez M, Merino N, Garcia A, Soane B, de la Soeana Martinez M, Contreras Abad M, Garcia-Pose A. A new technique for fast and safe collection of urine in newborns. Archives of Disease in Childhood; 2013; 98 (1). pp 27-29. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://adc.bmj.com/content/98/1/27

7. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Urine samples: collecting a urine sample from younger children. Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Urine_tests/

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Bone and joint problems

Bone and joint infections1. Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service. 2016. Paediatric Bone and Joint Infection Management -

Clinical Guidelines. Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/PDF/ams/guide-paed-bone-jnt.pdf

2. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis - Clinical practice guideline. Melbourne, VIC. Revised: 2015, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Osteomyelitis_and_Septic_Arthritis/

3. Krogstad P. 2018. Bacterial arthritis: Clinical features and diagnosis in infants and children. UpToDate; Wolters Kluwer. Revised: 2018, Apr; Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/bacterial-arthritis-clinical-features-and-diagnosis-in-infants-and-children?search=septic%20arthritis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

4. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. 2018. The acutely swollen joint. Melbourne, VIC. Accessed: 2018, Jul. Available from: https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/The_acutely_swollen_joint/

Child protection

Child protection1. Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel. Child Protection Act 1999 (as amended 2005). Queensland

Government. Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/2005-04-29/act-1999-010

2. Department of Health. 2015. 6. Neglect - clinical risk factors and indicators. Queensland Government. Revised: 2015, Oct; Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/411280/dh_fact20sheet_6.pdf

3. Department of Health. 2015. 4. Emotional abuse - clinical risk factors and indicators. Queensland Government. Revised: 2015, Oct; Accessed: 2017, Dec. Available from: http://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/csu/pdf/factsheets/DH_Fact%20Sheet_4.pdf

Section 9: Immunisation

Immunisation program1. Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). 2018. Australian immunisation handbook,. Australian

Government Department of Health. Canberra, 2018, Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au

2. Australian Government Department of Health. 2013. National vaccine storage guidelines: Strive for 5. 2nd ed. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government. Accessed: 2017, Apr. Available from: https://beta.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-vaccine-storage-guidelines-strive-for-5-2nd-edition

Sexual health immunisation1. Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). 2018. Australian immunisation handbook,.

Australian Government Department of Health. Canberra, 2018, Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/

Tetanus immunisation1. Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). 2018. Australian immunisation handbook,.

Australian Government Department of Health. Canberra, 2018, Accessed: 2019, Feb. Available from: https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/

Section 10: Appendices

Medication history and reconciliation1. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality Healthcare. 2010. MATCH UP medicines: A guide to medication

reconciliation. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/42794-MATCH-UP-brochure.pdf

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2. Duguid M. The importance of medication reconciliation for patients and practitioners. Australian Prescriber; 2012; 35 (1). pp 15-19. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.nps.org.au/australian-prescriber/articles/the-importance-of-medication-reconciliation-for-patients-and-practitioners#what-is-medication-reconciliation

3. Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia. 2012. Medication reconciliation. Collingwood, VIC: SHPA. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.shpa.org.au/sites/default/files/uploaded-content/website-content/Fact-sheets-position-statements/final_medrecbackground28nov2012.pdf

4. Metro North Hospital and Health Service. 2016. Redcliffe Hospital Pharmacy. Procedure: medication action plan (MAP) and best possible medication history (BPMH). Redcliffe, Queensland: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/1481522/003707.pdf

5. Medication Services Queensland. 2011. Guidelines for completing the medication action plan (MAP) form. Brisbane, Queensland: Queensland Health. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://qheps.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0040/1797826/map-guidelines.pdf

6. New South Wales Government Clinical Excellence Commission. 2018. High-risk medicines. Sydney, New South Wales. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: http://www.cec.health.nsw.gov.au/patient-safety-programs/medication-safety/high-risk-medicines/A-PINCH

7. World Health Organization. 2014. The high 5s project: Standard operating protocol for medication reconciliation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: http://www.who.int/patientsafety/implementation/solutions/high5s/h5s-sop.pdf

8. New South Wales Government Clinical Excellence Commission. 2015. Best possible medication history interview guide. Sydney, NSW: Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: http://www.cec.health.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/429927/BPMH-Interview-Guide-PDF.pdf

Notification of patient death 1. Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel. Coroners Act 2003. Queensland Government. Revised: 2017, Jun;

Accessed: 2018, Mar. Available from: https://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/view/pdf/inforce/2017-06-30/act-2003-013

Glasgow Coma Scale/AVPU1. Teasdale G, Maas A, Lecky F, Manley G, Stocchetti N, Murray G. The Glasgow Coma Scale at 40 years: standing the

test of time. The Lancet Neurology; 2014; 13 (8). pp 844-854. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25030516

2. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). 2009. Early management of patients with a head injury: a national clinical guideline. Edinburgh: NHS Quality Improvement Scotland; 2009. Accessed: 2018, Jun. Available from: https://www.sign.ac.uk/assets/sign110.pdf

Safe use of paracetamol1. Queensland Government Department of Health. 2014. Safe paracetamol use guideline. Brisbane, QLD. Accessed:

2018, May. Available from: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0030/147666/qh-gdl-415.pdf

2. eTG complete. 2018. Pain in children. Melbourne, VIC: Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd. Revised: 2018, Mar; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://tgldcdp.tg.org.au/viewTopic?topicfile=pain-children&sectionId=agg-c12-s4#tagg-c12-tbl5

3. Australian Medicines Handbook. 2018. Paracetamol. Adelaide, SA: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. Revised: 2018, Jan; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://amhonline.amh.net.au/chapters/analgesics/drugs-pain-relief/non-opioid-analgesics/paracetamol

Administration tips for benzathine penicillin (Bicillin LA®) and procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin)1. Farhadi A, Esmailzadeh M. Effect of local cold on intensity of pain due to Penicillin Benzathin intramuscular

injection. IJMMS; Academic Journals; 2011, Oct; 3 (11). pp 343-345. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1379069218_Farhadi%20and%20Esmailzadeh.pdf

2. Schechter NL, Zempsky WT, Cohen LL, McGrath PJ, McMurtry CM, Bright NS. Pain Reduction During Pediatric Immunizations: Evidence-Based Review and Recommendations. Pediatrics; AAP News & Journals Gateway; 2007; 119 (5). pp e1184-e1198. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/5/e1184

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3. Russell K, Nicholson R, Naidu R. Reducing the pain of intramuscular benzathine penicillin injections in the rheumatic fever population of Counties Manukau District Health Board. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health; Paediatrics and Child Health Division, Royal Australasian College of Physicians; 2014; 50 (2). pp 112-117. Accessed: 2017, Nov. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jpc.12400/abstract;jsessionid=84CDFA281FAC2AE3538E0BBD19523C19.f03t03

4. Greenway K. Using the ventrologluteal site for intramuscular injection. Nurs Stand; NCBI: PubMed; 2004, Mar; 18 (25). pp 39-42. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15038176

5. Dieckmann R. 2016. Ventrogluteal site. Melbourne, VIC: PEMSoft Ebsco Publishing. Revised: 2016, Mar; Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: http://pemsoft.ebscohost.com/contentUK/PPacCore/UID680785.html#

6. Blanchard D, Payette K. Ventrogluteal injections: "It's hip!". AAACN Viewpoint; 2016; 38 (2). pp 4-8. Accessed: 2018, May. Available from: https://library.aaacn.org/aaacn/articles/45/view

De-escalation techniques1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Violence and aggression: short-term management in mental

health and community settings. ng10. London, UK. 2015. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng10

2. Queensland Health, Clinical Excellence Division. Management of patients with acute severe behavioural disturbance in emergency departments. Queensland Health Guideline. Brisbane, QLD: Queensland Government. 2016. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available: https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/629491/qh-gdl-438.pdf

3. Kuivalainen S, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Louheranta O, Putkonen A, Repo-Tiihonen E, Tiihonen J. De-escalation techniques used, and reasons for seclusion and restraint, in a forensic psychiatric hospital. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing; 2017; 26 (5). pp 513-524. Accessed: 2018, Sep. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28960738

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