I REFERENCES
-
Upload
independent -
Category
Documents
-
view
1 -
download
0
Transcript of I REFERENCES
I
REFERENCES
Abena, A.A., Ouamba, J.M. and Keita, A., 1996. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and
antipyretic activities of essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides.Phytother. Res.,
10: 164–165.
Adeyemi, O.O., Okpo, S.O. and Ogunti, O.O., 2002. Analgesic and anti-
inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract of leaves of Persea aericana Mill.
(Lauraceae). Fitoterapia., 73: 375-380.
Ahmadiani, A., Javan, M., Semnanian, S., Barat, E. and Kamalinejad, M., 2001.Anti-
inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves
extract in the rat. J. Ethnopharmacol., 75: 283-286.
Akah, P.A. and Okafor, C.I., 1992.. Blood sugar lowering effect of Vernonia
amygdalina (del) in an experimental rabbit model. Phytother., Res., 6: 171-173.
Alarcon-Aguilera, F.J., Roman-Ramos, R., Perez-Gutierrez, S., Aguilar-Contreras,
A., Contreras-Weber, C.C. and Flores-Saenz, J.L., 1998. Study or the anti-
hyperglycaemic effect or plants used as antidiabetics. J. Ethnopharmacol.,
61(2): 101–110.
Ali, B.H., Bashir, A.K. and Tanira, M.O., 1995. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and
analgesic effects of Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) in rats.Pharmacology., 51:
356-363.
Allain, C.C., Poon, L.S. and Chan, C.S.G., 1974. Enzymatic determination of total
serum cholesterol.Clin. Chem., 20(4): 470-475.
Almadal, T.P. and Vilstrup, H., 1988. Strict insulin treatment normalizes the organic
nitrogen contents and the capacity of urea–N synthesis in experimental diabetes
in rats. Diabetologica., 31: 114–118.
II
American Diabetes Association, 2008.Diagnosis and classification of diabetes
mellitus.Diabetes Care., 29, S43-S48.
American Diabetes Association, 2010. Diabetes Care, 33., Suppl. 1.
Amiruddin, Z., Zuleen, Z., Ghani, D.F.A., Nur, R., Gopalan, H.K., Sulaiman, M.R.,
Jais, A.M.M., Somchit, M.N., Kader, A.A. and Ripin, J., 2008. Antinociceptive,
anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties of an aqueous extract of
Dicranopteris linearis leaves in experimental animal model. J. Nat. Med. 6: 22.
Amresh, G., Reddy, G.D., Rao C.V. and Singh, P.N., 2007. Evaluation of anti-
inflammatory activity of Cissampelos pareira root in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,
110: 526-531.
Anandharajan, R., Pathmanathan, K., Shankernarayanan, N.P., Vishvakar, R.A. and
Balakrishnan, A., 2005. Up regulation of Glut-4 and PPARγ by an isoflavone
from Pterocarpus marsupium on L6 myotubes: a possible mechanism of action.
J. Ethnopharmacol., 97: 53–260.
Andrade-Cetto, A. and Heinrich, M., 2005. Mexican plants with hypoglycaemic
effect used in the treatment of diabetes. J. Ethnopharmacol., 99:325-348.
Andre Konan, N., andBacchi, E.M., 2007. Antiulcerogenic effect and acute toxicity
of a hydroethanolic extract from the cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
leaves. J Ethnopharmacol.,112: 237–242.
Archana, P., Tandan, S.K., Chandra, S. and Lal, J., 2005. Antipyretic and analgesic
activities of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel extract. Phytother. Res., 19:
376-381.
III
Arora, R.K., 1997. Ethbobotany and its role in the conservation and use of plant
genetic resources in India, Ethnobotany., 9: 6-15.
Babu, P.S. and Prince, S,M.P., 2004. Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of
hypondd, an ayurvedic herbomineral formulation in Streptozotocin-induced
diabetic rats. J. Ethanopharmacol., 56: 1435-1442.
Backhouse, N., Delporte, C., Negrete, R., Munoz, O. and Ruiz, R., 1994. Anti-
inflammatory and antipyretic activities of Maytenus boaria Mol. Int. J.
Pharmacog., 32: 239–244.
Bailey CJ, Day C, 1989. Traditional plant medicines as treatments for diabetes.
Diabetes Care 12 (8), 553-564.
Baker, H., Frank, O. and De Angelis, B., 1980. α tocopherol in man at various times
after ingesting free or acetylated tocopherol. Nutr. Res., 21: 531-536.
Balachandran, P. and Govindarajan, R., 2005. Cancer - an ayurvedic perspective.
Pharmacol., Res. 51: 19 – 30.
Balasubramanian, A. and Ramalingain, K., 2005. Anti-inflammatory activity of
Morus indica Linn. Iranian J. Pharmacol.Ther.,4: 13-15.
Bani, S., Kaul, A., Jaggi, B.S., Suri, K.A., Suri, O.P. and Sharma, O.P., 2000. Anti-
inflammatory activity of the hydrosoluble fraction of Euphorbia royleana
latex.Fitoterapia.,71: 655-662.
BCIL., 1996. Sectoral Study on Indian Medicinal Plants-Status, Perspective and
Strategy for Growth, Biotech Consortium India Ltd, New Delhi., 1996.
IV
Begum, N., Moses, G.P.S. and Shanmugasundara, K.R., 1978. Protein bound
polysaccharides in human and experimental diabetes. Arogya J. Health Sci., 4:
140-144.
Bergmeyer, H.U., 1984. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.In: Bergmeyer, H.U
(Ed), Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, vol.2, Verlag Chemie, Weiheim., Pp.
222-223.
Bhakta, T. and Mukherjee, P.K., 2000.Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of
Cassia fistula (Leguminosae) Leaf Extract on Rats. J. Herbs Spices Med.
Plants., 6 (4): 67-72.
Bhakta T. and Mukherjee, P.K., Mukherjee, K.,Banerjee, S.,Mandal, S.C., Maity,
T.K., Pal, M. and Saha, B.P., 1999.Evaluation of hepatoprotactive activity of
Cassia fisutula leaf extract.J.Ethnopharmacol ., 66:277-282.
Bhatt, K.R., Mehta, R.K. and Shrivastava, P.N., 1977. A simple method for
recording anti-inflammatory effects on rat paw oedema. Indian J. Physiol.
Pharmacol.,21: 399-400.
Bierhaus, A., Hofmann, M.A., Ziegler, R. and Nawroth, P.P., 1998. AGEs and their
interaction with AGE-receptors in vascular disease and diabetes mellitus. I. The
AGE concept. Cardiovasc Res. 37, 586-600.
Biren, N.S., Nayak, B.S., Bhatt, S.P., Jalalpure, S.S. and Set, A.K., 2007. The Anti-
Inflammatory Activity of the Leaves of Colocasia esculenta. Saudi
Pharmaceut. J., 15: 3-4.
Bisignano, G., Iauk, L., Kirjavainen, S. and Galati, E.M., 1994. Anti-inflammatory,
analgesic, antipyretic and antibacterial activity of Astragalus siculus. Int. J.
Pharmacog., 32: 400–405
V
Bispo, M.D., Mourao, R.H.V., Franzotti, E.M., Bomfim, K.B.R., Arrigoni Blank,
M.D.F., Moreno, M.P.N., Marchioro, M. and Antoniolli, A.R., 2001.
Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic effects of the aqueous extract of Hyptis
pectinata leaves in experimental animals. J. Ethnopharmacol., 76: 81-86.
Biswas,T.K. and Mukherjee, B., 2003. Plant Medicines of Indian Origin for Wound
Healing Activity: A Review. Lower Extr Wounds, 2: 25–39.
Boominathana, R., Parimaladevia, B.S.C, and Ghoshalb, S.K., 2004. Anti-
inflammatory evaluation of Ionidium suffruticosam Ging.in rats. J.
Ethnopharmacol.,91 (2-3): 367-370.
Bopanna, K.N., Kannan, J., Sushma, G. and Balaraman, R., 1997. Anti-diabetic and
antihyperglycemic effects of Neem seed kernal powder on alloxan diabetic
rabbits. Indian J. Pharmacol., 29: 162–167.
Bose, A., Mondal, S., Gupta, J.K., Ghosh, T., Dash, G.K. and Si, S., 2007.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanolic extract
and its fractions of Cleome rutidosperma.Fitoterapia., 78: 515-520.
Brandstrup, N., Kirk, J.E. and Brunic, C., 1957. Determination of glucokinase in
tissues.J. Gerontol., 12: 166-171.
Brownlee, M., 2001.Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic
complications.Nature, 414: 813-820.
Bunn, H.G., Gabbay, K.H. and Gallo, P.M., 1978. The glycosylation of
haemoglobin: relevance to diabetes mellitus. Science., 200: 21–27.
Burkill, H.M., 1997. Useful plants of West tropical Africa Volume 1, Botanical
gardens Kew.
VI
Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R., 1996. Enzymes, teitz fundamentals of clinical
chemistry, 4th edition NB Saunders company, Philadelphia, USA, pp 312–335.
Caceres, A., Lopez, B., Juarez, X., del Aguila, J. and Garcia, S., 1993. Plants used in
Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 2. Evaluation of
antifungal activity of seven American plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 40: 207-213.
Caraway, W.T., 1955. Determination of uric acid in serum by carbonate method.Am.
J. Clin. Pathol.,25(7): 840-845.
Chakravarthy, B.K., Gupta, S., Gambhir, S.s. and Gode, K.D., 1981. Te prophylactic
action of (-) epicatechin against alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Life Sci., 29:
2043-2047.
Chattopadhyay, S., Ramanathan, M., Das, J. and Bhattacharya, S.K., 1997.Animal
models in experimental diabetes mellitus.Ind. J. Expl. Biol., 35: 1141-1145.
Chattopadhyaya, D., Arunachalama, G., Mandalb, A.B. and Mandalc, S.C., 2002.
Evaluation of antipyretic activity of leaf extracts of Mallotus peltatusvar
acuminatus: A folk medicine. Phytomedicine.,9:727-730.
Chattopadhyay, R.R. and Bandyopadhyay, M., 2005. Possible mechnisim of
hepatoprotective activity of Azadirachta indica leaf extract against paracetamol
induced hepatic damage in rat. Indian J. Pharmacol., 37: 184-185.
Chen, Y.L., Lu, C.M., Chen, I.L., Tsao, L.T. and Wang, J.P., 2002. Synthesis and
Anti-inflammatory evaluation of 9-anilinoacridine and 9-phenoxyacridine
derivatives.J. Med., Chem. 45: 4689-4694.
VII
Choi, S.Z., Lee, S.O., Jang, K.U., Chung, S.H., Park, S.H., Kang, H.C., Yang, E.Y.,
Cho, H.J. and Lee, K.R., 2005. Antidiabetic stilbene and anthraquinone
derivatives from Rheum undulatum. Arch. Pharm. Res., 28: 1027-1030.
Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., 1956. Glossary of Indian Medicinal
Plants, CSIR, New Delhi. India.
Chowdhury, A.K., Ara, T., Muhammed, F.H. and Ahmed, M., 1993.A new phenyl
propane derivative from Acorus calamus.Pharmazie.,48: 786–787.
Cooper, E.J., Hudson, A.L., Parker, C.A. and Morgan, N.G., 2003. Effects of the
beta-carbolines, harmone and pinoline on insulin secretion from isolated human
islets of Langerhans.Europ. J. Pharmacol., 482: 189-196.
Costa, V.B., Coube, C.S., Marinho, B.G., Matheus, M.E., Leitao, S.G. and
Fernandes, P.D., 2003. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Bouchea
fluminensis.Fitoterapia.,74: 364-371.
Coustan, D.R., 1995. Gestational diabetes.In Diabetes in America. 2nd ed.
Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, (NIH- publ. no. 95–1468), pp.
703–717.
Craig, M.E, Hattersley, A., Donaghue, K.C., 2009.Definition, epidemiology and
classification of diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatric Diabetes,
10(Suppl. 12): 3–12.
Craven, P.A., Studer, R.K. and DeRubertis, F.R., 1994.Impaired nitric oxide-
dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate generation in glomeruli from
diabetic rats.Evidence for protein kinase C-mediated suppression of the
cholinergic response. J. Clin. Invest., 93: 311-320.
VIII
D'Arcy, P.F., Howard, E.M., Muggleton, P.W. and Townsend, S.B., 1960. The anti-
inflammatory action of griseofulvin in experimental animals. J. Pharm.
Pharmacol., 12: 659-665.
Dassoler, M., Schwanz, M., Busseto, F., Moreira, E.A. and Gutierrez, L., 2004.Perfil
fitoquímicoe ensaio farmacológico de Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae). J.
Brasileiro de Fitomedicina., 2: 4-8.
De Smet, P.A.G.M., 1996. Some ethnopharmacological notes on African
hallucinogens. J. Ethnopharmacol.,50: 141–146.
Delporte, C., Backhouse, N., Negrete, R., Salinas, P., Rivas, P., Cassels, B.K. and
San Feliciano, A., 1998. Antipyretic, hypothermic and anti-inflamammatory
activities and metabolites from Solanum ligustrinum.Phytother. Res., 12: 118–
122.
Denko, C.W., 1992. A role of neuropeptides in inflaminatioa.In: Wkicher, J. T. and
Evans, S. W. Biochemistry of Inflammation. Kluwer Pub. London. P 177-181.
Desmarchelier, C., Slowing, K. and Ciccia, G., 2000.Anti-inflammatory activity of
Pothomorphe peltata leaf methanol extract. Fitoterapia.,71: 556-558.,
Desrosis, M., Sidell, R.J., Gauguier, D., Davey, C.L., Radda, G.K. and Clarke, K.,
2004. Gender differences in hypertrophy, insulin resistance and ischemic injury
in the aging type 2 diabetic rat heat. J. Mol.Cell.Cardiol. 37:547-555.
Devi, B.P., Boominathan, R. and Mandal, S.C., 2003. Evaluation of antipyretic
potential of Cleome viscosa Linn.(Capparidaceae) extract in rats.J.
Ethnopharmacol., 87: 11-13.
IX
Devi, R.K.B., Rita S., Sharatchandra, K. and Singh, T., 2004.Preliminary studies on
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Spilanthes acmella in
experimental animal models.Indian J. Pharmacol., 36(3): 148-150.
Dewick, P.M., 2001. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. 2nd ed.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.
Dey, L., Anoja, S.A. and Yuan, C.S., 2002.Alternative therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Alternative Med. Rev. 7: 45–58.
Dhingra, V., Vishweshwar Rao, K. and Lakshmi Narasu, M., 2000.Current status of
artemisinin and its derivatives as antimalarial drugs.Life Sci., 66: 279 – 300.
Di Rosa, M., Giroud, J.P. and Willoughby, D.A., 1971. Studies of the acute
inflammatory response induced in rats in different sites by carrageenan and
turpentine.J.Pathol., 104:15-29.
Dische, Z. and Shettles, L.B., 1948. Special colorimetric reaction of methyl pentoses
and a spectrophotometric micromethod for their determination.J.Biol.
Chem.175: 595-604.,
Dong, J., Xu, L., Qin, H., Chen, S., Ji, Z. and Wang, M., 1998.Synthesis and Anti-
inflammatory activity of 2-(E)-benzylidene-5-(N-substituted aminomethyl)
cyclopentanones.Yao Xue Xue Bao., 33: 344-349.
Drabkin, D.L. and Austin, J.M., 1932.Spectrophotometric constants for common
haemoglobin derivatives in human, dog and rabbit blood.J.Biol.Chem.,98:719-
733.
Drabkin, D.L., 1946.Spectrophotometric studies, The crystallographic and optical
properties of the haemoglobin of man in comparison with those other
species.J.Biol.Chem.,164:703-723.
X
Du, X.L., Edelstein, D., Rossetti, L., Fantus, I.G., Goldberg, H., Ziyadeh, F., Wu, J.,
and Brownlee, M., 2000. Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide
overproduction activates the hexosamine pathway and induces plasminogen
activator inhibitor-1 expression by increasing Sp1 glycosylation. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA., 97: 12222-12226.
Dubey, J.P., Goodwin, M.A., Ruff, M.D., Kwok, O.C.H., Shen, S.K., Wilkins, G.L.
and Thulliez, P., 1994. Experimental toxoplasmosis in Japanese quail.J. Veter.
Diag. Invest., 6: 216–221.
Duckworth, W.C., 2001. Hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease.Curr Atheroscl
Rep., 3: 383-391.
Egesie, U.G., Adelaiye, A.B. and Ibu, J.O.,2006. Safety and hypoglycaemic
properties of aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum in streptozotocin
induced diabetic rats. Nig. J. Physiol. Sci. \21(1-2):31-35.
Ehrlich, H.P. and Hunt T.K., 1968. Effects of cortisone and vitamin A on wound
healing. Ann. Surg., 167(3):324–328.
Eidia, A., Eidib, M. and Esmaeilia, E., 2006.Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium
sativum L) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Phytomedicine.,
13: 624–629.
Ellman, G.L., 1959. Tissue sulfhydryl groups.Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 82(1): 70-77.
Elson, L.A. and Morgon, W.T.J., 1933.Colorimetric method for the determination of
glucoseamine and galactosamine.Biochem. J.27:1824-1828.,
XI
Elsner, M., Guldbakke, B., Tiedge, M., et al., 2000. Relative importance of transport
and alkylation for pancreatic beta-cell toxicity of streptozotocin.Diabetologia,
43: 1528-1533.
Emmanuel, S., Ignacimuthu, S., Perumalsamy, R. and Amalraj, T., 2006.Anti-
inflammatory activity of Solanum trilobatum.Fitoterapia., 77: 611-612.
Engelgau, M.M., Herman, W.H., Smith, P.J., German, R.R. and Aubert, R.E., 1988.
The epidemiology of diabetes and pregnancy in the U.S., Diabetes Care,18:
1029– 1033.
Evans, S.W. and Whicher F.T., 1992.An overview of the inflammatory response. In:
Whicher, J. T. and Evans, S. W. (Eds.) Biochemistry and Inflammation. Kluwer
Pub. London. l-15 p.
Fabricant, D.S. and Farnsworth, N.R., 2001. The value of plants used in traditional
medicine for drug discovery. Environ. Heal. Pers. 109 (Suppl 1): 69-75.
Falholt, K., Lund, B. and Falholt, W., 1973.An easy colorimetric method for routine
determination of free fatty acids in the plasma.Clin.Chim. Acta 46(2): 105-111.
Fawcett, J.K. and Scott, J.E., 1960. A rapid and precise method for the determination
of urea.J. Clin. Path., 3: 156-159.
Fenig, E., Nordenberg, J., Beery, E., Sulkes, J. and Wasserman, L., 2004.Combined
effect of aloe-emodin and chemotherapeutic agents on the proliferation of an
adherent variant cell line of Merkel cell carcinoma.Oncol.Rep., 11: 213- 217.
Fiske, G.H and Subbarrow, Y.,1925. The colorimetric determination of
phosphorus.J. Biol. Chem., 66: 375-400.
XII
Folch, J., Lees, M. and Stanly, G.H.S., 1957. A simple method for the isolation and
purification of total lipids from animal tissues.J. Biol. Chem., 226(1): 497-509.
Foreston, W.C., Tedesco, F.J. and Starnes, E.C., 1985. Marked elevation of serum
transaminase activity associated with extrahepatic biliary tract disease. J. Clin.
Gastroenterol., 76: 502–505
Frame, A.D., Rios-Olivares, E., De Jesus, L., Ortiz, D., Pagan, J. and Mendez, S.,
1998.Plants from Puerto Rico with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis
properties.P.R.Health. Sci. J., 17: 243-252.
Franzotti, E.M., Santos, C.V., Rodrigues, H.M., Mourao, R.H., Andrade, M.R. and
Antoniolli, A.R., 2000. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity
of Sida cordifolia L. J. Ethnopharmacol., 72: 273-277.
Fujiwara, K., Nakahara, K., Fujii, Y., Matsumura, A., Takeda, S., Minami, M. and
Matsuda, H., 1994.Effect of omentopexy on wound healing of the extensively
detached and anastomosed canine trachea.Surgery., 115: 227-232.
Galigher, A.E. and Kozloff, E.N., 1971. In Essentials of practical Microtechniques,
2nd
Edn, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.Pp. 77.
Gallagher, A.M., Flatt, P.R., Duffy, G. and Abdel-Wahab, Y.H.A., 2003. The effects
of traditional anti- diabetic plants on in vitro glucose diffusion. Nutr. Res., 23:
413-424.
Gancedo, J.M. and Gancedo, C., 1971. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, phospho
fructokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from fermenting and non
fermenting yeasts. Arch. Microbiol., 76: 132–138.
XIII
Ganz, M.B. and Seftel, A., 2000. Glucose-induced changes in protein kinase C and
nitric oxide are prevented by vitamin E. Am. J. Physiol., 278: E146-E152.
Geng, Z., Rong, Y. and Lau, B.H., 1997. S-allyl cysteine inhibits action of nuclear
factor factor kappa B in human T cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 23:345-50.
Genuth, S., Alberti, K.G., Bennett, P., et al., 2003.Expert Committee on the
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus 2, the Expert Committee on
the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Follow- up report on the
diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 26:3160–3167.
Ghisalberti, E.L., 2000. Review - Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). Fitoterapia.,
71: 467-486.
Gholap, S. and Kar, A., 2003. Effects of Inula racemosa root and Gymnema
sylvestre leaf extracts in the regulation of corticosteroid induced diabetes
mellitus: involvement of thyroid hormones. Pharmazie., 58:413-415.
Ghosh, R., Sharatchandra, K., Rita, S. and Thokchom, I.S., 2004. Hypoglycemic
activity of Ficus hispida (bark) in normal and diabetic albino rats.Indian J.
Pharmacol., 36(4): 222-225.
Ghule, B.V., Murugananthan, G. and Yeole P.G., 2007.Analgesic and antipyretic
effects of Capparis zeylanica leaves.Fitoterapia., 78(5): 365-369.
Godhwani, S., Godhwani, J.L. and Vyas, D.S., 1987.Ocimum sanctum an
experimental study evaluating its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic
activity in animals.J. Ethnopharmacol., 21: 153-163.
Gray, A.M. and Flatt, P.R., 1999. Insulin-secreting activity of the traditional anti-
diabetic plant Viscum album. J.Endocrinol., 160:409-414.
XIV
Grover, J.K., Vats, V. and Rathi, S.S., 2000. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Eugenia
jambolana and Tinospora cordifolia in experimental diabetes and their effects
on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
J.Ethnopharmacol., 73:461-470.
Grover, N.K., 1990. Changing criteria of death. J.Indian Med.Assoc., 88:152.
Gupta, S., Sharma, P. and Soni, P.L., 2005. Chemical modification of Cassia
occidentalis seed gum: carbamoylethylation. Carbohyd. Polym., 59(4): 501-
506.
Gurib-Fakim, A., 2006. Review Medicinal plants:Traditions of Yesterday and drugs
of tomorrow. Mol. Aspect. Med., 27: 1- 93.
Hajare, S.W., Chandra, S., Sharma, J., Tandan, S.K., Lal, J. and Telang, A.G., 2001.
Anti-inflammatory activity of Dalbergia sissoo leaves. Fitoterapia., 72: 131-
139.
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C., 1990.Role of free radicals and catalytic metal
ions in human disease; an overview.In: Packer L, Glazer AM, eds. Methods in
Enzymology, Academic press, New York, 186: 1-85.
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C., 1997. Free radicals and toxicology, in: Free
Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp.1-27.
Hannan, J.M.A., Rokeya, B., Faruque, O., Nahar, n., Mosihuzzaman, M., Azad
Kahn, A.K. and Ali, L., 2003. Effect of soluble dietary fibre fraction of
Trigonella foenum-graceum on glycemic, insulinemic, lipidemic and platelet
aggregation status in type 2 diabetic model rats, J. Ethnopharmacol., 88: 73-77.
Harborne, J.B. and Baxter, H., 1993. Phytochemical Dictionary.A Handbook of
Bioactive Compounds from Plants. London: Taylor and Francis.
XV
Harborne, J.B., 1999. Recent advances in chemical ecology. Nat. Prod. Rep., 16:
509-523.
Hawkins, D. and Abrahamse, H., 2005. Biological effects of helium-neon laser
irradiation on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts. Photomed. Laser
Surg., 23: 251-259.
Hayashi, K., Kojima, R. and Ito, M., 2006. Strain differences in the diabetogenic
activity of streptozotocin in mice. Biol Pharmaceut Bull., 29: 1110-1119.
Hearse, D.J., 1979. Oxygen deprivation and early myocardial contractile failure: a
reassessment of the possible role of adenosine triphosphate. Am. J. Cardiol., 44:
1115-1121.
Hellion-Ibarrola, M.C., Ibarrola, D.A., Montalbetti, T., Villalba, D., Heinichen, O.
and Ferro, E.A., 1999. Acute toxicity and general pharmacological effect on on
central nervous system of the crude rhizome extract of Killinga brevifolia
Roxb. J. Ethnopharmocol., 66: 271-276.
Henson, P.M. and Murphy, R.C., 1989.Mediators of the inflammatory process.
Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 404.
Hong, C.Y., Huang, S.S. and Tsai, S.K., 1996. Magnolol reduces infarct size and
suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in rats subjected to coronary ligation. Clin.
Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 23: 660-664.
Howard, M., 1993. Fever: causes and consequences. Neurosci.Biobehav. Rev., 17:
237-269.
Humanson, G.L., 1979.Animal tissue techniques.WH Freeman and Company, San
Francisco.
XVI
Huang, TH., Peng, G., Kota, B.P., Li, G.Q., Yamahara, J., Roufogalis, B.D., and Li.
Y., 2005. Pomegranate flower improves cardiac lipid metabolism in a diabetic
rat model: role of lowering circulating lipids. Brit. J. Pharmacol., 145: 767-774
Huang, W., Connor, E., Dela Rosa, T., Muir, A., et al., 1996. Although DR3- DQB1
may be associated with multiple component diseases of the autoimmune
polyglandular syndromes, the human leukocyte antigen DR4-DQB110302
haplotype is implicated only in beta cell autoimmunity. J.
Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.,81: 1–5.
Humber, J.M., 2002. The role of complementary and alternative medicine:
accommodating pluralism. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 288: 1655–6.
Inngjerdingen, K., Nergård, C.S., Diallo, D., Mounkoro, P.P. and Paulsen, B.S.,
2004. An ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for wound healing in
Dogonland, Mali, West Africa. J Ethnopharmacol,92: 233–244.
Iwalewa, E.O., Iwalewa, O.J. and Adeboye, J.O., 2003. Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-
inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform and ether extracts of Vernonia
cinerea less leaf. J. Ethnopharmacol., 86: 229-234.
Izhaki, I.,2002. Emodin a secondary metabolite with multiple ecological functions in
higher plants (a review).New Phytol., 155: 205–217.
Jaffe, M., 1886. Concerning the precipitate produced in normal urine by picric acid
and a new reaction of creatinine. Z. Physiol. Chem., 10: 391-400.
Jafri, M.A., Subhani, J.M., Javed, K. and Singh, S., 1999. Hepatoprotective activity
of leaves of Cassia occidentalis against paracetamol and ethyl alcohol
intoxication in rats.J. Ethnopharmacol., 66, 355-361.
XVII
Jain S.P., 1996. Ethno- Medico –Botany cal survey of Chaibasa singbhum district,
Bihar J. Econ .Tax. Bot. Addl Series: 12: 403-407.
Jain, S.K. and Levine, S.N., 1995. Elevated lipid peroxidation and vitamin E–
quinone levels in heart ventricles of streptozotocin treated diabetic rats. Free
Radic. Biol. Med., 18: 337-341.
Jang, Y.J., Kim, J.K., Lee, M.S., Ham, I.H., Whang, W.K., Kim, K.H. and Kim, H.J.,
2001. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of crude saponin fractions from
Panax ginseng and Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Yakhak Hoechi., 45: 545-556.
Jauk, L., Galati, E. M., Kirjavainen, S., Forestieri, A. M. and Trovato, A., 1993.
Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Mucuna pruriens. Int. J. Pharmacog., 31:
213–216.
Jiang, Z.Y., Hunt, J.V. and Wolff, S.P., 1992. Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence
of xylenol orange for the detection of lipid hydroperoxides in low density
lipoprotein.Anal.Biochem., 202(2): 384-389.
John, T., 1987.Regulation of sugar transport and metabolism in lactic acid
bacteria.FEMS Microbiol.Letters., 46: 221-231.
Joshi, S.G., 2000. Cesalpinaceae-Cassia auriculata. Text book of medicinal plants,
p. 119.
Juvekar., A.R. and Halade, G.V., 2006.Hypoglycemic activity of Cassia auriculata
in neonatal streptozotocin induced non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in
rats. J Nat Rem., 64:14–8.
Kakkar, P., Das, B. and Viswanathan, P.N., 1984. A modified spectrophoto-metric
assay of superoxide dismutase.Indian J. Biochem.Biophys., 21: 130-132.
XVIII
Kale, M., Misar, A.V., Dave, V., Joshi, M. and Mujumdar, A.M., 2007. Anti-
inflammatory activity of Dalbergia lanceolaria bark ethanol extract in mice and
rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 112: 300-304.
Kamboj, V.P., 2000. Herbal medicine.Curr.Sci. 78: 35 -39.
Kaneshiro, T., Morioka, T., Inamine, M., Kinjo, T., Arakaki, J., Chiba, I., Sunagawa,
N., Suzui, M. and Yoshimi, N., 2006. Anthraquinone derivative emodin inhibits
tumor-associated angiogenesis through inhibition of extracellular signal-
regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 553: 46-53.
Kar, A., Choudhary, B.K. and Bandyopadhyay, N.G., 2003. Comparative evaluation
of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic
rats.J. Ethnopharmacol.,84: 105–108.
Karina, C.P., Monteiro, J.C., Diniz, M.F.F.M., Medeiros, I.A., Silva, B.A. and
Piuvezam, M.R., 2007. Effect of the activity of the Brazilian polyherbal
formulation: Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Peltodon radicans Pohl and Schinus
terebinthifolius Radd in inflammatory models. Rev. Bras. Farmacogn.,
17(1): 23-28.
Karou, D., Savadogo, A., Canini, A., Yameogo, S., Montesano, C., Simpore, J.,
Colizzi, V. and Traore, A.S., 2006.Antibacterial activity of alkaloids from Sida
acuta.Afri. J. Biotech., 5: 195-200.
Kassuya Candida, A.L., Daniela, L.F.P., De Melo Lucilia, V., Vera Lucia R.G. and
Joao C.B., 2005. Anti-inflammatory properties of extracts, fractions and lignans
isolated from Phyllanthus amarus. Plant. Med., 71(8): 721-4.
Keogh, R.J., Dunlop, M.E. and Larkins, R.G., 1997.Effect of inhibition of aldose
reductase on glucose flux, diacylglycerol formation, protein kinase C, and
phospholipase A2 activation.Metabolism, 46: 41-47.
XIX
Khan, M., Patil, P.A. and Shobha, J.C., 2004. Influence of Bryophyllum pinnatum
(Lam.) leaf extract on wound healing in albino rats. J. Nat. Remed., 4: 41-46.
Khattak, S.G., Gilani, S.N. and Ikram, M., 1985. Antipyretic studies on some
indigenous Pakistani medicinal plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 14: 45-51.
Kim, H.Y., Moon, B.H., Lee, H.J. and Choi, D.H., 2004. Flavonol glycosides from
the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides O. with glycation inhibitory activity.J.
Ethnopharmacol., 93: 227-230.
Kim, N.D., Kwak, M.K. and Kim, S.G., 1997. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2E1
expression by 2-(allylthio) pyrazine, a potential chemoprotective agent:
hepatoprotective effects. Biochem.Pharmacol., 53: 261-269.
Kind, P.R.N. and King, E.J., 1954. Estimation of plasma phosphatases by
determination of hydrolyzed phenol with amino-antipyrine.J. Clin. Path., 7:
330–322.
Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu.,B.D.,1980. In: Indian medicinal plants, vol. III (2nd ed.),,
Lalit Mohan Basu, M.B pp. 1936–1937.
Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D., 1975. Indian Medicinal Plants, vols. 1–4.
International book Distributors, Dehradun, India, p. 2793.
Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D., 1980. Indian Medicinal Plants,(M/s. Bishensingh
Mahendra Palsingh, Dehradun, India.
Ko, F.N., Cheng, Z.J., Lin, C.N. and Teng, C.M., 1998. Scavenger and antioxidant
properties of prenylflavones isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus. Free
Radic. Biol. Med., 25: 160-168.
XX
Kobuchi, H., Li, M.J., Matsuno, T., Yasuda, T. and Utsumi, K., 1992.Inhibition of
neutrophil priming and tyrosyl phosphorylation by cepharanthine, a
nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drug.Cell Struct.Funct., 17: 385-393.
Koide, H. and Oda, T., 1959.Pathological occurrence of glucose 6-phosphatase in
serum in liver diseases.Clin.Chim.Acta., 4: 554.
Kojima, I. and Umezawa, K., 2006. Conophylline: A novel differentiation inducer
for pancreatic β cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 38: 923-930
Kolm-Litty, V., Sauer, U., Nerlich, A., Lehamnn, R. And Schleicher, E.D., 1998.
High glucose-induced transforming growth factor beta 1 production is mediated
by the hexosamine pathway in porcine glomerular mesangial cells. J. Clin.
Invest. 101: 160-169.
Kolterman, O.G., Gray, R.S., Griffin, J., Burstein, P., Insel, J., Scarlett, J.A. and
Olefsky, J.M., 1981. Receptor and postreceptor defects contribute to the insulin
resistance in noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Clin.Invest.,68: 957–
969.
Kowluru, R.A., Kern, T.S., Engerman, R.L. and Armstrong, D., 1996. Abnormalities
in retinal metabolism in diabetes or experimental galactosemia III.Effects of
antioxidants.Diabetes., 45: 1233-1237.
Koya, D. and King, G.L., 1998. Protein kinase C activation and the development of
diabetic complications.Diabetes, 47: 859-866.
Koya, D., Jirousek, M.R., Lin, Y.W., Ishii, H., Kuboki, K. and King, G.L., 1997.
Characterization of protein kinase C beta isoform activation on the gene
expression of transforming growth factor-beta, extracellular matrix
XXI
components, and prostanoids in the glomeruli of diabetic rats. J.Clin.Invest.,
100: 115-126.
Kumar, B., Vijayakumar, M., Govindarajan, R. and Pushpangadan, P., 2007.
Ethnopharmacological approaches to wound healing - Exploring medicinal
plants of India. J. Ethnopharmacol.,114:103-113.
Kumar, G., Banu, G.S., Pappa, P.V., Sundararajan, M. and Pandian, M.R.,
2004.Hepatoprotective activity of Trianthema portulacastrum L. against
paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxication in albino rats.J. Ethnopharmacol.,
92: 37- 40.
Kumar, S.R. and Mishra, S.H., 1997. Isolation and assessment of hepatoprotective
activity of fumaric acid obtained for the first time from Sida cordifolia Linn.
Indian Drugs.,34: 702-6.
Kusano, S. and Abe, H., 2000.Hypoglycemic activity of white skinned potato
(Ipomoea batatas) in obese Zucker faty rats.Biolog.Pharmacceutic. Bull., 23:
23-26.
Kuusisto, J., Mykknen, L., Pyorala, K. and Laakso, M., 1994. NIDDM and its
metabolic control predict coronary heart disease in elderly subjects.
Diabetes43: 960–967.
Laakso, M., Malkki, M. and Deeb, S.S., 1995.Amino acid substituents in hexokinase
II among patients with NIDDM.Diabetes., 44: 330–334
Ladeji, O., Omekarah, I. and Solomon, M., 2003. Hypoglycemic properties of
aqueous bark extract of Ceiba pentandra in streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 84: 139-142.
XXII
Lan, M.S., Wasserfall, C., Maclaren, N.K. and Notkins, A.L., 1996. IA-2, a
transmembrane protein of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, is a major
autoantigen in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,93:
6367–6370.
Langer, O., Rodriguez, D.A., Xenakis, E.M.J., McFarland, M.B., Berkus, M.D.and
Arrendondo, F., 1994. Intensified versus conventionalmanagement of
gestational diabetes. Am. J. Obstet Gynecol.,170: 1036–1047.
Lanhers, M. C., Fleurentin, J., Dorfman, P., Mortier, F. and Pelt, J. M.,
1991.Analgesic, antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory properties of Euphorbia
hirta.Plant.Med., 57: 225- 231.
Lawson, p.E., Eklu-Gadegbeku, K., Agbonon, A., Aklikokou, K., Moukha, S.,
Creppy, S.E. and Gbeassor, M., 2008. Toxicological assessment on extracts of
Phyllanthus amarus Schum and Thonn. Sci. Res. Essay., 3(9): 410-415.
Lee, A.Y. and Chung, S.S., 1999: Contributions of polyol pathway to oxidative
stress in diabetic cataract. FASEB J., 13: 23–30.
Lee, D.Y., Choo B.K., Yoon T., Cheon M.S., Lee H.W., Lee A.Y., and Kim H.K.,
2008. Anti-inflammatory effects of Asparagus cochinchinensis extract in acute
and chronic cutaneous inflammation. J. Ethnopharmacol., 121(1): 28-34.
Lee, K.H., 1968. Studies on the mechanism of action of salicylate. II. Retardation of
wound healing by aspirin. J.Pharm. Sci., 57: 1042-1043.
Lee, M.S. and Sohn, C.B., 2008. Antidiabetic Properties of Chrysophanol and Its
Glucoside from Rhubarb Rhizome.Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31: 2154-2157.
XXIII
Lewis, D.A., 1989. Anti-inflammatory drugs from plant and marine sources.
Birkhause Verlag, Basel. Wiley and Sons. Chichester, England.
Li, R.W., Theriault, A.G., Au, K., Douglas, T.D., Casaschi, A., Kurowska, E.M. and
Mukherjee, R., 2006. Citrus polymethoxylated flavones improve lipid and
glucose homeostasis and modulate adipocytokines in fructose-induced insulin
resistant hamsters. Life Sci., 79(4): 365-373.
Li WL, Zheng HC, Bukuru, J, Kimpe D. 2004. Natural medicine used in the
traditional Chinese medicinal system for therapy of diabetes mellitus. Journal of
Ethnopharmocol.,92: 1-21.
Liu, I.M., Tzeng, T.F., Liou, S.S., Lan, T.W., 2005. Improvement of insulin
sensitivity in obese Zucker rats by myricetin extracted from Abelmoschus
moschatus. Planta Med., 73(10): 1054-60.
Liu, J., Yang, C.F., Lee, B.L., Shen, H.M., Ang, S.G. and Ong, C.N., 1999. Effect of
Salvia miltiorrhiza on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress in cultured rat
hepatocytes.Free Radic. Res., 31: 559-568.
Lodhi, S., Pawar, R.S., Jain, A.P. and Singhai, A.K., 2006. Wound healing potential
of Tephrosia purpurea in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,108: 204-210.
Lopes-Virella, M.F., Whitmann, H.J., Mayfield, P.K., Loadhott, C.B. and Colwell,
J.A., 1983. Effect of metabolic control on lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein
levels in 55 insulin-dependent diabetic patients: a longitudinal study. Diabetes.,
32: 20–25
Lorke, D., 1983. A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing.Arch. Toxicol.,
54: 275-287.
XXIV
Lowry, O.H., Roseborough, N.J. and Farr, A.L., 1951.Protein measurement with
Folin’s phenol reagent.J. Biol. Chem.,193: 265-275.
Luc, G. and Fruchart, J.C., 1991. Oxidation of lipoproteins and atherosclerosis
American.J. Clin. Nutr., 53: 2065– 2095.
Mahat, M.A. and Patil, B.M., 2007. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory activity of
methanol extract of Phyllanthus amarus in experimental animal models. Indian
J. Pharm.Sci., 69: 33.
Mahmood, M.S., Gilani, A.H., Khwaja, A., Rashid, A. and Ashfaq, M.K., 2003. The
in vitro effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds on nitric oxide
production. Phytother. Res., 17: 921-924.
Malhotra,S. and Misra, K., 1982.A New Anthra Quinone from Cassia-Sophera Heart
Wood. Planta Medica, 46: 247-9.
Malik, F., Kumar, A., Bhushan, S., Khan, S., Bhatia, A., Suri, K.A., Qazi, G.N. and
Singh, J., 2007. Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial
dysfunction in the apoptotic cell death of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells
by a dietary compound withaferin A with concomitant protection by N-acetyl
cysteine. Apoptosis, 12(11): 2115-2133.
Mallavadhani, U.V., Panda, A.K. and Rao, Y.R., 1998. Pharmacology and
chemotaxonomy of Diospyros.Phytochemistry., 49: 901-951.
Mandarino, L.J. and Gerich, J.E., 1985. Prolonged sulfonylureas administration
decrease insulin resistance and increase insulin secretion in non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus Evidence for improved insulin action at
postreceptor site in hepatic as well as extra-hepatic tissue. Diabetes Care., 7:
89-90.
XXV
Marcelo, A.R., Ishii-Iwamoto, E.L., Grespan, R., Cuman, R.K.N., S.M., Caparroz-
Assef, de Melio, J.C.P. and Dersani-Amad, C.A., 2002. Toxicological studies
on Stryphnodendron adstringens. J. Ethnopharmacol., 83(1-2): 101-104.
Marston, A., Maillard, M. and Hostettmann, K., 1997. GIT Laboratory 1: 36-39.
Martinez-Vazquez, M., Ramirez Apan, T.O., Aguilar, H. and Bye, R.,
1996.Analgesic and antipyretic activities of an aqueous extract and of the
flavone linarin of Buddleia cordata.Plant. Med., 62: 137-140.
Mascolo, N., Pinto, A., Capasso, F., Venesew, A. and Dagne, E., 1998. Antipyretic
and analgesic studies of the ethanalic extract of Teclea nobilis Delile.
Phytother. Res., 2: 154-156.
Matsuura, H., Miyazaki, H., Asakawa, C., Amano, M., Yoshihara, T. and Mizutani,
J., 2004. Isolation of a-glusosidase inhibitors from hyssop (Hyssopus
officinalis).Phytochemistry., 65: 91-97.
Mattei, R., Dias, R.F., Espinola, E.B., Carlini, E.A. and Barros, S.B., 1998. Guarana
(Paullinia cupana): toxic behavioral effects in laboratory animals and
antioxidants activity in vitro. J. Ethnopharmacol., 60:111-116.
McCord, J.M., Wong, K., Stokes, S.H., Petrone, W.F. and English, D., 1980.
Superoxide and inflammation: a mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity
of superoxide dismutase. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl., 492: 25-30.9
McGowan, M.W., Artiss, J.D. and Strandbergh, D.R., 1983. A peroxidase-coupled
method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides.Clin. Chem.,
29: 538-542.
XXVI
McMillan, D.E., 1972. Elevation of glycoprotein fucose in diabetes
mellitus.Diabetes., 21: 863-71.
McWhorter, L., 2001. Biological Complementary Therapies: A Focus on Botanical
Products in Diabetes. Diab.Spect., 14: 199 – 208.
Mehta, S.R., Kashya, A.S. and Das, S., 2009. Diabetes Mellitus in India: The
Modern Scourge.MJAFI, 65: No. 1.
Mitra, S.K., Chakraborti, A. and Bhattacharya, S.K., 1996. Neuropharma-cological
studies on Panax ginseng. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 34: 41-47.
Mizushimia, Y., Tsukada, W. and Akimoto, T., 1972. A modification of rat adjuvant
arthritis for testing antirheumatic drugs. J. Pharmacol.,24:782-785.
Mohammed, A., Tanko, Y., Okasha, M.A., Magaji, R.A. and Yaro, A.H., 2007.
Effects of aqueous leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum on blood glucose
levels of streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats.Afr. J. Biotech., 6(18):
2087-2090.
Monteiro, M.H., Gomes-Carneiro, M.R., Felzenszwalb, I., Chahoud, I. and
Paumgartten, F.J., 2001. Toxicological evaluation of a tea from leaves of
Vernonia condensatta. J. Ethnopharmacol., 74:149-157.
Morales, M.A., Jabbagy, A.J. and Tenenzi, H.P., 1975. Mutations affecting
accumulation of glycogen.Neurospora News Lett., 20: 24-25.
Moreira, A.S., Spitzer, V., Schapoval, E.E.S. and Schnekel, E.P., 2000. Anti-
inflammatory activity of extracts and fractions from the leaves of Gochnatia
polymorpha.Phytother. Res., 14: 638-640.
XXVII
Moriyama, H., Iizuka, T., Nagai, M., Miyataka, H. and Satoh, T., 2003.Anti-
inflammatory activity of heat-treated Cassia alata leaf extract and its flavonoid
glycoside.Yakugaku Zasshi., 123: 607-611.
Morton, J.J.P. and Malone, M.H., 1972. Evaluation of vulnerary activity by an open
wound procedure in rats.Arch. Int. Pharm., 196: 117-126.
Mujumdar, A.M. and Misar, A.V., 2004. Anti-inflammatory activity of Jatropha
curcas roots in mice and rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 90: 11-15.
Mukherjee, P.K, Maiti, K., Mukherjee, K. and Houghton, P.J., 2006. Leads from
Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials.J. Ethnopharmacol., 105:
1-28.
Mukherjee, P.K., Das, J., Saha, K., Giri, S.N., Pal, M. and Saha, B.P., 1996.
Antipyretic activity of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome extract.Indian J. Exp. Biol.,
34: 275-276.
Muko, K.N. and Ohiri, F.C., 2000. A preliminary study on the anti inflammatory
properties of Emilia sonchifolia leaf extracts. Fitoterapia., 71:65-68.
Mule, S.N., Patil, S.B., Naikwade, N.S. and Magdum, C.S., 2008. Evaluation of
antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of stems of Gynandropsis
pentaphylla Linn.Int. J. Green Pharm., 2: 87-90.
Musabayane, C.T., Mahlalela, N., Shode, F.O. and Ojewole, J.A.O., 2005. Effects of
Syzygium cordatum (Hochst) [Myrtaceae] leaf extract on plasma glucose and
hepatic glycogen in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol.,
97: 485-490
XXVIII
Nadkarni, A.K., 1976. Indian Materia Medica, 3rd
edition, Popular Prakashnan Pvt.
Ltd, Popular Press, Mumbai.pp 559-560.
Narayanan, N., Thirugnanasambantham, P., Viswanathan, S., Kannappa Reddy, M.,
Vijayasekaran, V. and Sukumar, E., 2000.Antipyretic, antinociceptive and anti-
inflammatory activity of Premna herbacea roots.Fitoterapia., 71: 147-153.
Narayanan, N., Thirugnanasambantham, P., Viswanathan, S., Vijaya-sekaran, V. and
Sukumar, E., 1999. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects
of ethanol extract of Clerodendron serratum roots in experimental animals. J.
Ethnopharmacol., 65: 237-241.
Narendrakannan, R.T. and Subrarnanian, S., 2007. Anti-inflammatory and lysosomal
stability actions of Cleome gynandra L. studied in adjuvant induced arthritic
rats. Food. Chem. Toxicol., 45(6): 1001-1012.
National Diabetes Data Group, 1979. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes
mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance.Diabetes,28: 1039–1057.
Nayak, S.S. and Pattabiraman, T.N., 1981. A new colorimetric method for the
estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin.Clin.Chim.Acta., 109: 267-274.
Ng, T.B., Wong, C.M., Li, W.W. and Yeung, H.W., 1986a.Insulin-like molecules in
Momordica charantia seeds. J. Ethnopharmacol., 15: 107–117.
Nichans, W.G. and Samuelson, B., 1968. Formation of malondialdehyde from
phospholipid arachidonate during microsomal lipid peroxidation.Eur. J.
Biochem., 6(1): 126-130.
XXIX
Niebes, P., 1972. Determination of enzymes and degradation products of
glycosaminoglycan metabolism in the serum of healthy and various
subjects.Clin.Chim.Acta., 42: 399-408.
Nisar, M., Khan, I., Simjee, S.U., Gilani, A.H., Obaidullah and Perveen, H.,
2008.Anticonvulsant, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Taxus wallichiana
Zucc.J. Ethnopharmacol.,116: 490-494.
Nomura, E., Kashiwada, A. Hosoda, A. Nakamura, K. Morishita, H., Tsuno, T.,
Taniguchi, T., 2003.Synthesis of amide compounds of ferulic acid and their
stimulatory effects on insulin secretion in vitro. Biorganic and Med. Chem., 11:
3807-3813.
Nwanjo, H.U., 2007. Studies on The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Phyllanthus niruri
leaf on Plasma glucose level and some Hepatospecific Markers in Diabetic
Wistar Rats. Internet J. Lab. Med., 2(2).
O’Doherty, R.M., Lehman, D.L., Telemaque potts, S. and Newgard, C.B., 1999.
Diabetes., 48: 2022.
Ohnishi, M., Matuo, T., Tsuno, T., Hosoda, A., Nomura, E., Taniguchi, H., Sasaki,
H. and Morishita, H., 2004.Antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect of
ferulic acid in STZ-induced diabetic mice and KK-Ay mice.Biofactors, 21:
315-319.
Oladele, S.B., Ayo, J.O. and Adaudi, A.O., 1995. Medicinal and physiological
properties of flavonoids, coumarin derivatives and anthraquinones of plant
origin. West Afr. J. Pharm. Drug Res., 11:134-144.
XXX
Olajide, O.A., Awe, S.O., Makinde, J.M., Ekhelar, A.I., Olusola, A., Morebise, O.
and Okpako, D.T., 2000. Studies on the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and
analgesic properties of Alstonia boonei stem bark. J. Ethnopharmacol., 71: 179-
186.
Onabanjo, A.O, Agbaje, E.O. and Odusote, O.O., 1993. Effects of Aqueous extracts
of Cymbopogon citratus in Malaria.J. Proto. Res., 3: 40-45
Ozturk, N., Korkmaz, S. andOzturk, Y., 2007.Wound-healing activity of St. John’s
Wort(Hypericum perforatum L.) on chicken embryonic fibroblasts.J.
Ethnopharmacol 111: 33–39.
Otimenyin, S.O., Uguru, M.O. and Auta, A., 2007. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic
activities of Cassia goratensis and Sacrocephalus esculentus extracts .Int. J.
Fruit Sci., 7 (2):59-67.
Palumbo, P.J., 1998. Metformin: effect on cardiovascular risk factor in patients with
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Diab. Compl., 12: 110-119.
Panneerselvam, R.S. and Govindaswamy, S., 2002. Effect of sodium molybdate on
carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J. Nut.
Biochem., 13: 21-26.
Panthong, A., Norkaew, P., Kanjanapothi, D., Taesotikul, T., Anantachoke, N. and
Reutrakul, V., 2007. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of
the extract of gamboge from Garcinia hanburyi Hook f. J. Ethnopharmacol.,
111: 335-340.
XXXI
Pinent, M., Blay, M., Blade, M.C., Salvado, M.J., Arola, L. and Ardevol, A., 2004.
Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in
streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-
sensitive cell lines. Endocrinology., 145(11): 4985-4990
Portilla, D., Dai, G., Peters, J.M., Gonzalez, F.J., Crew, M.D. and Proia, A.D., 2000.
Etomoxir-induced PPARalpha-modulated enzymes protect during acute renal
failure. Am. J. Physiol. Rena.l Physiol., 278: F667-F675.
Principe, P., 2005. Monetising the pharmacological benefits of plants. US
Environmental protection Agency, Washington, D.C. pp. 1991.
Pushpangadan, P.,1996. The Recent Advances in Herbal Drug Research. 6th World
Congress on Holistic Life and Medicine held at Calicut, Jan 96. Arya Vaidya
Sala, Kottakkal, India.
Pushparaj, P., Tan, C.H. and Tan, B.K.H., 2000. Effects of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf
extract on blood glucose and lipids in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J.
Ethnopharmacol., 72: 69-76.
Qin, H., Goldstein, L., Iwanicke, S., Mackay, E. and Sutherland, F.,
2003.Hyperlipemic pancreatitis and pseudocyst formation in late pregnancy.
Hepatogastroenterology., 50: 870-872.
Quanhong, L., Caili, F., Yukui, R., Guanghui, H. and Tongyi, C., 2005. Effect of
protein bound polysaccharide isolated from pumpkin on insulin in diabetic rats.
Plant Foods for Human Nutr., 60: 13-16.
Rabinkov, A., Miron, T., Konstantinovski, L., Wilchek, M., Mirelman, D. and
Weiner, L., 1998. The mode of action of allicin: trapping of radi cals and
XXXII
interaction with thiol containing proteins. Biochim.Biophys.Acta.,1379: 233 -
244.
Rahman, A.U. and Zaman, K., 1989. Medicinal plants with hypoglycemic activity. J.
Ethnopharmacol., 26:1-55.
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Kapur A, et al., 2001.High prevalence of
diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India. National Urban Diabetes
Survey.Diabetologia 44: 1094-101.
Ramadan, A., Harraz, F.M. and El-Mougy, S.A., 1994. Antiinflammatory, analgesic
and antipyretic effects of the fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata.
Fitoterapia.,65:418-422.
Ramaiya, K.L., Kodali, V.R. and Alberti, K.G.M.M., 1990. Epidemiology of
diabetes in Asians of the Indian Subcontinent.Diab.Metabol. Rev., 6: 125-46.
Ramesh, B. and Pugalendi, K.V., 2006. Influence of umbelliferone on glycoprotein
components in diabetic rats. Toxicol. Mech. Met., 17: 153-159.
Ramprasath, V.R., Shanthi, P. and Sachdanandam, P., 2004. Anti-inflammatory
effect of Semecarpus anacardium Nut extract in acute and chronic
inflammatory conditions. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27: 2028-31.
Ratheesh, M., and Helen, 2007. Anti-inflammatory activity of Ruta graveolens Linn
on carrageenan induced paw edema in wistar male rats Afr. J. Biotech., 6(10):
1209-1211.
Raza, M., Ahmad, M., Gado, A. and Shabanah, O.A., 2003.A comparison of
hepatoprotective activities of aminoguanidine and N-acetylcysteine in rat
XXXIII
against the toxic damage induced by azathioprine.Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C:
Toxicol. Pharmacol., 134: 451-456.
Reddy, J.S., Rao, P.R. and Reddy, M.S., 2002. Wound healing effects of
Heliotropium indicum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indica in rats. J.
Ethnopharmacol., 79: 249-251.
Reitman, S. and Frankel, S., 1957.A colorimetric method for the determination of
serum glutamate oxaloacetic and glutamate pyruvic transaminases.Am. J. Clin.
Pathol., 28(1): 56-63.
Rezaeipoor, R., Sanei, L.Z. and Kamalinejad, M., 2000. Effects of isatis cappadocica
on humoral immune responses. Fitoterapia., 71:14-18.
Richards, L., 2007. Eating pumpkins helps diabetics. Chemistry & Industry, July 9,
pg 9.
Roe, J.H. and Kuether, C.A., 1943.The determination of ascorbic acid in whole
blood and urine through the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of
dehydroascorbic acid. J. Biol. Chem., 11: 145-164.
Roman-Ramos, R., Flores-Saenz, J.L. and Alarcon-Aguilar, F.J., 1995. Anti-
hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 48:25-32.
Rotruck, J.T., Pope, A.L. and Ganther, H.E., 1973. Selenium: biochemical role as a
component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179: 588-590.
Sadique, J. Chandra, T., Thenmozhi, V. and Elango, V., 1987.Biochemical modes of
action of Cassia occidentalis and Cardiospermum halicacabum in
inflammation.J. Ethnopharmacol., 19:201-212.
XXXIV
Salawu, A., Chindo, B.A., Tijani, A.Y., and Adzu, B., 2008. Analgesic,
antiinflammatory, antipyretic and antiplasmodial effects of the methanolic
extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga.J. Med. Pl. Res., 2(8): 213-218.
Sangameswaran, B. and Jayakar, B., 2008. Antidiabetic, antihyperlipi-demic and
spermatogenic effects of Amaranthus spinosus on streptozotocin induced
diabetic rats. Nat. Med., 62: 79-82.
Sato, T., Magata K. and Koga, N., 1998. Defect of an early event of glucose
metabolism in skeltal muscle of the male OLETE rat, an NIDDM model.
Biochem.Biophy. Res. Commun., 245(2): 378-381.
Sawhney, A.N., Khan, M.R., Ndaalio, G., Nkunya, M.H.H., Wavers, H., 1978.
Studies on the rationale of African traditional medicine. Part II. Preliminary
screening of medicinal plants for Anti- Gonoccoci activity.Pak. Sci. J. Indigen.
Res. 21: 189-192.
Sedlak, J. and Lindsay, R.H., 1968. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein
sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent.Anal.Biochem., 25: 192-205.
Seltzer, H.S., 1972.Drug-induced hypoglycemia. A review based on 473 cases.
Diabetes., 21: 955–-966.
Sener, G., Sacan, O., Yanardag, R. and Ayanoglu-Dulger, G., 2002. Effects of chard
(Beta vulgaris L.var.Circla) extract on oxidative injury in the aorta and heart of
streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J. Med. Food., 5:37-42.
Shao, Z.H., Li, C.Q. and Vanden Hoek, T.L. 1999. Extract from Scutellaria
baicalensis Georgi attenuates oxidant stress in cardiomyocytes. J. Mol. Cell
Cardiol.,31:1885-1895.
XXXV
Shah, A.H., Qureshi, S., Tariq, M. and Ageel, A.M., 2003. Toxicity studies on six
plants used in the traditional Arab system of medicine. Phytother. Res., 3(1):25-
29.
Sheela, C.G. and Augusti, K.T., 1992. Antidiabetic effects of S-allyl cysteine
sulphoxide isolated from garlic Allium sativum Linn. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 30:
523–526.
Siddique O. Sony Lin Jc, CheinYW, 1987. Facilitated transdermal transport of
insulin. J Pharm Science 76:1223-1238.
Silva, F.RM.B., Szpoganicz, B., Pizzolatti, M.G., Willrich, M.A.W. and De Sousa,
E., 2002. Acute effect of Bauhinia forficata on serum glucose levels in normal
and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 83: 33-37.
Simmons, D.L., 2006. What makes a good anti-inflammatory drug target? Drug
Discov. Today., 11: 210-219.
Singh, S.S., Pandey, S.C., Srivastava, S., Gupta, V.S. Patro, B. and Ghosh, A.C.,
2003. Chemistry and medicinal properties of Tinospora cordifolia
(Guduchi).Ind. J. Pharmacol., 35: 83-91.
Sinha, A.K, 1972. Colorimetric assay of catalase.Anal.Biochem., 47: 389-394.
Smith, M.K., 1935.Surgical treatment of Toxic Goiter. Ann. Surg., 101:1358-1366.
Stahl, W. and Sies, H., 1997.Antioxidant defense vitamin E and C and carotenoids.
Diabetes .,46 (2): 14-18.
XXXVI
Stanely, P. and Menon, V.P., 2003. Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic action of
alcohol extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots in chemical induced diabetes in
rats. Phytother., Res.17: 410-413.
Studer, R.K., Craven, P.A. and De Rubertis, F.R., 1997. Antioxidant inhibition of
protein kinase C-signaled increases in transforming growth factor-beta in
mesangial cells. Metabolism, 46: 918-925.
Sturgill, M.G. and Lambert, G.H., 1997. Xenobiotic induced hepato-toxicity:
mechanisms of liver injury and methods of monitoring hepatic function. Clin.
Chem., 43: 1512-1526.
Suba, V., Murugesan, T., Kumaravelrajan, R., Mandal, S.C. and Saha, B.P.,
2005.Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiperoxidative efficacy of Barleria
lupulina extract.Phytother., Res. 19: 695-699.
Subash Babu, P., Prabuseenivasan, P. and Ignacimuthu, S., 2007.Cinnamaldehyde -
A potential antidiabetic agent. Phytomedicine., 4: 15-22.
Sugihara, Y., Nojima, H., Matsuda, H., Murakami, T., Yoshikawa, M. and Kimura,
I., 2000. Antihyperglycemic effects of gymnemic acid IV, a compound derived
from Gymnema sylvestre leaves in streptozotocin diabetic mice. J. Asian Nat.
Prod. Res., 2: 321-327.
Sugishita, E., Amagaya, S. and Ogihara, Y., 1981. Anti-inflammatory testing
methods: comparative evaluation of mice and rats. J. Pharmacobiodyn., 4: 565-
575.
Surana, S.J., Gokhale, S.B., Jadhav, R.B., Sawant, R.L. and Wadekar, J.B., 2008.
Antihyperglycemic activity of various fractions of Cassia auriculata in alloxan
diabetic rats.Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 70: 227-229
XXXVII
Suresh Reddy, J., Rao, P.R. and Reddy, M.S., 2002. Wound healing effects of
Heliotropium indicum, Plumbago zeylanicum and Acalypha indica in rats. J.
Ethnopharmacol.,79: 249-251.
Suresh,B.,Dhanasekaran,S. and Elango,K.,1995. Antipyretic activity of some plants
in female albino rats: Apreliminary report.AncientSci.Life.,14: 253-257.
Suresh, H. M.,Hatapakki, B.C.,Shivakumar, S.I., Hallikeri, C.S., Swamy, B.M. and
Chandur, V.K., 2007. Laxative activity of Cassia auriculata Pods in Rats, J.
Nat. Rem., 2007,7: 150-154.
Sutradhar, R.K., Rahman, A.M., Ahmad, M., Bachar, S.C., Saha, A. and Roy, T.G.,
2007.Antiinflammatory and analgesic alkaloid from Sida cordifolia.Pak. J.
Pharm. Sci., 20: 185-188.
Szkudelski, T., 2001.The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in b-cells
of the rat pancreas.Physiol. Res.,50: 537–546.
Tewtrakul, S., Subhadhirasakul, S., Rattanasuwan, P. and Puripattanavong, J.,
2007.HIV-1 protease inhibitory substances from Cassia
garrettiana.Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 29(1): 145-149
Tietz, N.W., 1987. Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. WB Saunders Company,
Philadelphia., p. 638.
Tracey, K.J., 2007. Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic Anti -
inflammatory pathway.J. Clin.Invest.117:289-296.
Trinder, P., 1969. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an
alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann. Clin. Biochem., 6: 24–27.
XXXVIII
Vaidya, A.B., Antarkar, D.S., Doshi, J.C., Bhatt, A.D., Ramesh, V., Vora, P.V.,
Perissond, D., Baxi, A.J. and Kale, P.M., 1998. Picrorhiza kurroa as a
hepatoprotective agent, experimental and clinical studies.J. Postgrad. Med., 42:
105-108.
Vats, V., Yadav, S.P. and Grover, J.K., 2003.Effect of Trigobella foenum-graecum
on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate
metabolism.J. Ethnopharmacol., 85: 237-242
Ved, D.K. and Goraya, G.S., 2007. Demand and Supply of Medicinal Plants in
India.NMPB, New Delhi & FRLHT, Bangalore, India.
Veerappan, a., Miyazaki, S., Kadarkaraisamy, M. and Ranganathan, D., 2007. Acute
and subacute toxicity studies of Aegle marmelos Corr., an Indian medicinal
plant. Phytomedicine., 52:253-262.
Vimala, R., Nagarajan, S., Alam, M., Susan, T. and Joy, S., 1997. Anti-inflammatory
and antipyretic activity of Michelia champaca, Ixora brachiata and Rhynchosia
cana flower extract. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 35: 1310-1314.
Vinegar, R., Trux, J.F., Selph, J.L., Welch, R.M., White, h.L. and Ellis, C.H.,1976.
Potentiation of the anti-inflammatroy and analgesic activity of aspirin by
caffeine in the rat.Proc.Soc.Exp. Biol.Med., 151:556-560.
Viswanathan, M, McCarthy, M.I., Snehalatha, C., Hitman, G.A. and Ramachandran
A., 1996.Familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South India.Diab.
Med., 31: 232-37.
Vlassara, H., 1997. Recent progress in advanced glycation end products and diabetic
complications.Diabetes 46: S19-S25.
XXXIX
Wefers, H. and Sies, H., 1998. The protection by ascorbate and glutathione against
microsomal lipid peroxidation is dependent on vitamin E. Eur. J. Biochem.,
174: 353-357.
Weiss, R.B., 1982. Streptozotocin: A review of its pharmacology efficacy and
toxicity. Cancer Treat Rep. 66: 427-438.
Welihinda, J. and Karunanayake, E.H., 1986. Extra-pancreatic effects of Momordica
charantia in rats.J. Ethnopharmacol., 17: 247-255.
Wiese, T.J., Dunlap, J.A. and Yorek, M.A., 1997. Effect of l-fucose and l-glucose
concentration on l-fucoprotein metabolism in human HepG2 cells and changes
in fucosyltransferase and l-fucosidase activity in liver of diabetic
rats.Biochim.Biophys.Acta., 1: 61 - 72
Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R. and King, H., 2004. Global prevalence of
diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care,
27: 1047-53.
Winzler, R.J., 1960. In: Putnam. The Plasma Proteins.Vol. 1, Academic Press, New
York.p. 309.
Wolf, S.P., 1987. The potential role of oxidative stress in diabetes and its
complications: novel implications for theory and therapy. New York: Churchill
– Livingstone. 167-220.
Yabe-Nishimura, C., 1998.Aldose reductase in glucose toxicity a potential target for
the prevention of diabetes complications.Pharmacol Rev., 50: 21-33.
XL
Yam, A.Y., Xia, Y., Lin, H.T., Burlingame, A., Gerstein, M. AndFrydman J., 2008.
Defining the TRiC/CCT interactome links chaperonin function to stabilization
of newly made proteins with complex topologies.Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.,
15(12):1255-1262.
Yam, M.F., Asmawi, M.Z. and Basir, R., 2008. An Investigation of the Anti-
Inflammatory and analgesic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus leaf extract. J.
Med. Food., 11(2): 362-368.
Yeh, G.Y., Eisenberg, D.M., Kaptchuk, T.J. and Phillips, R.S., 2003. Systematic
Review of Herbs and Dietary Supplements for Glycemic control in diabetes.
Diabetes Care., 26: 1277-1294.
Yongna, Z., Wantana, R., Pisit, B., Zhongkun, L. and Rongping, Z., 2005. Analgesic
and antipyretic activities of the aqueous extract of Urtica macrorrhiza in
experimental animals.Fitoterapia., 76: 91-95.
Youssouf, M.S., Kaiser, P., Tahir, M., Singh, G.D., Singh, S., Sharma, V.K., Satti,
N.K., Haque, S.E. and Johri, R.K., 2007. Antianaphylactic effect of Euphorbia
hirta.Fitoterapia, 78: 535–539.
Yu, B.C., Hung, C.R., Chen, W.C. and Cheng, J.T., 2003. Antihyper-glycemic effect
of andrographolide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Plant. Med., 69:
1075-1079.
Zhang, D., Yasuda, T. and Yu, Y., 1996. Ginseng extract scavenges hydroxyl radical
and protects unsaturated fatty acids from decomposition caused by iron-
mediated lipid peroxidation. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 20: 145-150.
Zhang, P. and Omaye, S.T., 2001. β-carotene: interactions with in α-tocopherol and
ascorbic acid in microsomal lipid peroxidation. J. Nutr. Biochem., 12: 38-45