Mr. Chairman, Mr. Cochairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: Thank you very much for your kind introduction. I am very glad to be here to present the work that I have been interested in for a long time. My title is “Cadastre2014 Japan – Satellite Surveying”. Today I would like to talk to you about some of our works in the Field of Cadastral Survey, joined with 3D Image Map Archives.

1) Cadastral Maps and Registration Maps to Cadastre2014 Japan 2) Multi purpose cadastral information system 3) Fundamental Control Points on earthquake/ tsunami islands 4) Accuracy evaluations ( Gifu-Mizuho, Kyoto, Osaka experiments): FKP effects 5) Next broaden cadastral survey projects（３D-IMADAS)

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Current cadastral survey is organized by the National Land Survey Act, and classified into terrestrial method and aerial photogrammetric method for cadastral surveying with 6 accuracy levels. This specification was settled 50 years ago from Cadastral survey in Land survey act, caused and activated by the farmland liberation policy after the World War II.

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Current cadastral survey is organized by the National Land Survey Act, and classified into terrestrial method and aerial photogrammetric method for cadastral surveying with 6 accuracy levels. This specification was settled 50 years ago from Cadastral survey in Land survey act, caused and activated by the farmland liberation policy after the World War II.

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Current Real Property Registration Act and National Land Survey Act are to be improved for reconstructions, against natural disasters and for reduction of the disaster damages.

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Japanese Basic Act of Land Resilience realizes land resilience plans starting for reconstruction projects of damaged areas in 2011 earthquake with supplying fiscal budgets. The contribution for land administration and cadastral system would be requested by Cadastre2014 vision.

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MLITT started 3D – Infrastructure – Modeling, so called CIM (Construction Information Modeling) initiative as national grand designing in 2012.

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The vision “ Cadastre 2014 “ of FIG-Commission7 took the roll of the Charter of the United Nations, as the guideline for Normalization and Standardization for 20 years. The achievements are LADM (Land Administration Domain Model Standard) and the land registration system AAA-data schema from Germany as the Model of German GIS. The author translated “ AAA- specification” into Japanese in 2007, during the course of revision of Japanese public surveying specification.

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The author translated AAA-system related technical and business documents, and looked at the technological developments and business formations of SAPOS (German satellite data service) for many years. In this process, one of the fruitful results of Parameter Estimation Satellite Surveying was the completion of multi-GNSS-FKP experiment with QZSS positioning satellites in Nagano Prefecture in 2012.

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Comparing Japanese GIS (Geographic Information System) with German GIS (Geo Informations Systeme), we find fundamental differences in geo reference system and Cadastral Information System between two countries through the contents of yearbooks: “German Surveying- and Land Information System”,

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Aiming at 3D land information system, we can show perspective schema of 3D cadastral mapping. 3D cadastral maps and 3D topographic maps are based on 3D terrain surface modeling. Currently 3D terrain surface modeling and 3D terrain analysis are operated on 3D image diorama in 3D-CAD systems. This is the state of the art technology to realize 3D cadastral mapping for 3D land information system.

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Now we can propose 3D Image Map Archive system. Many countries in the world are now looking into Japanese policies for anti-disaster, reduction of damages and reconstruction process. Our land and cadastral system should be compared with historical events of Pompei antiquities, Lisbon earthquake in 1755 and Tschelnobyli atomic power plant accident in 1986. On the other hand, old map makers and cadastral surveyors in 19th century, like Tanetaro Megata completed the most advanced land and cadastral maps in Korea and Taiwan at that time. Their approaches with contemporary technology show us the potential of Japanese version of Cadastral Survey standard. We describe now the objectives and subjects for Japanese version of Cadastral Survey standard.

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In land registration process, so called antique aerial photos in 1940s taken nationwide by US Air Force, The intrinsic accuracy obtained is now increased 5-10 times better on 3D digital image modeling/measuring PC , so with 1/10,000 photo scale, the improved accuracy is realized to be comparable with 1/600 parcel map (Map/1㎜= Ground/0.6m)

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We have now proceeded into forestry boundary registration projects using 3D image diorama on the CAD-Globe. 3D-CAD system is the basis of 3D cadastral mapping for normalization and standardization realizing CADASTRE 2014 vision this year !!!

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The author has configured “Kyoto university 3D Image Map Archive” as provisional version. With 2 types of map projections on 3D-CAD system ; (1) Latitude Longitude grid projections as basis (2) UTM grid projections for individual countries We could use Maps and CAD-globes with different ellipsoids, and old / new maps in unified geodetic datum, like WGS84. Aerial photo images are created as 3D image models and 3D image diorama in 3D-CAD system from aerial photos by USAF for not only Japan islands but also southeastern Asian countries as treasures for cadastral survey projects.

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The contents of “Kyoto university 3D Image Map Archive” are started from antique map in 1800s, modernized maps in 1880s and 1910s, in 1936 and aerial photo 3D image models in 1946. These materials and image models are mapped for cadastral survey projects, using Autodesk Infraworks 2014.

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We have now established 2 types of key technologies for cadastral survey system. (1) Satellite Surveying based on parameter estimation approach in satellite geodesy (2) Advanced photogrammetry including satellite stereo models, starting from

antique / old aerial photos to modern LIDAR point cloud imagery.

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Our theoretical background of Satellite Surveying is Satellite Geodesy as a Parameter Estimation Problem. We call our practical system as Parameter Estimation Gnss Assisted Surveying System , PEGASUS for short.

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In 1995 the author reported about Kobe Earthquake (1995), configured database system on PC with ground controls and aerial photos triangulated. In 2011, after the East Japan Earthquake, half of 1200 ECP points only provided observation data with 30 second interval. Then 2 weeks after the 2011 Earthquake we started the adjustment of PEGASUS approach.

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Parameter Estimation satellite surveying are classified into 4 categories, based on adjustment time unit and error surface correction.

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ECPs are now equipped with the receivers from not only GPS but also GLONASS, Galileo and QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites. This situation ensures PEGASUS for 1 sec. network adjustment in real time mode.

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For cadastral survey we need the process to measure the Ground Controls and Parcel Points instantaneously at site with adjusted coordinates for parcel maps.

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Since 1990s, 1 second adjustment of parameter estimation approach would be combined with the data of seismometers to figure out the dynamic behavior of earthquake activities. In the future, immediately after 1 second of an observation we could have the adjusted coordinates for monitoring and alerting of seismic displacements and movements. This approach and analysis could be commonly used for the foreign countries suffering from similar damages of cyclone, earthquake and tsunami disasters.

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For 3D Land Information System, cadastral system, we have already developed instantaneous surveying system combining FKP satellite surveying and TS ground surveying on NotePAD PC related with the ordinary cadastral survey software in Japan.

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Methodological basis of Satellite Surveying for cadastral survey accuracy evaluation is described in the basic reference book of G.Seeber：“Satellite Geodesy” (2003) ,translated by the author.

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Title and abstruct of Satellite Surveying Network Adjustment software: GEONAP is described briefly.

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Estimated parameters are listed. Geodesy based on parameter estimation is the authentic approach in Germany. The best reference book is; Karl-Rudolf Koch: Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Linear Models ( Springer,1999; translation of the 3rd German Edition,Ferd. Duemmelers Verlag, 1997)

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Cadastral Survey Satellite-TS surveying Method: Accuracy Evaluation Experiments were organized in Gifu-Mizuho city, Kyoto city and Osaka city areas, using 4 common nationwide control points, as GEONAP geodetic network adjustments. The eastern part of enlarged map has 5 ECPs in Gifu-Mizuho area, and the western part has 9 ECPs in Kyoto and Osaka city areas.

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Case1 shows the discrepancies between adjusted and official coordinates of 4+4 ECPs in Kyoto city area, assigning a priori standard deviation of 2cm on 4 nationwide ECPs. Discrepancies of 4 nationwide ECPs are somewhat critical to evaluate the quality of nationwide geodetic network adjustment. Newly adjusted ECPs in Kyoto city area has to be compared with other cases in their behaviors.

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Case2 shows the discrepancies between adjusted and official coordinates of 4+4 ECPs in Kyoto city area, assigning a priori standard deviation of 2cm on 4 nationwide ECPs and 760Uji ECP. Discrepancies of 4 nationwide ECPs are somewhat critical to evaluate the quality of nationwide geodetic network adjustment. Newly adjusted ECPs in Kyoto city area are to be evaluated with or without 760Uji ECP.

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Case3 shows the discrepancies between adjusted and official coordinates of 4+4+5 ECPs in Kyoto city and Osaka city areas, assigning a priori standard deviation of 2cm on 4 nationwide ECPs and 760Uji ECP. Discrepancies of 4 nationwide ECPs are somewhat critical to evaluate the quality of nationwide geodetic network adjustment. Newly adjusted ECPs in Kyoto city area have to be compared with other cases in their behaviors.

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Case4 shows the discrepancies between adjusted and official coordinates of 4+4+5 ECPs in Kyoto city and Osaka city areas, assigning a priori standard deviation of 2cm on 4 nationwide ECPs , 760Uji and 337Sakai ECPs. Discrepancies of 4 nationwide ECPs are somewhat critical to evaluate the quality of nationwide geodetic network adjustment. Newly adjusted ECPs in Kyoto city and Osaka city areas have to be compared with other cases in their behaviors , as configuration issue of geodetic network or specification of adjustment software.

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Case5 shows the discrepancies between adjusted and official coordinates of 4+4+5+5 ECPs in Kyoto city, Osaka city and Gifu-Mizuho city areas, assigning a priori standard deviation of 2cm on 4 nationwide ECPs , 760Uji, 337Sakai and 822Aichi Ichinomiya ECPs. Discrepancies of 4 nationwide ECPs are somewhat critical to evaluate the quality of nationwide geodetic network adjustment, since they show a certain consistency with other cases. Newly adjusted ECPs in Kyoto city, Osaka city and Gifu-Mizuho city areas have to be compared with other cases in their behaviors , as far as configuration issue of geodetic network or specification of adjustment software are concerned.

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Kyoto/Osaka/Gifu-Mizuho city areas experiments with GEONAP geodetic network adjustment software are now summarized as follows; (1) ECPs geodetic network could be re-adjusted with Parameter Estimation approach

(2) FKP satellite surveying and it’s extension; Post Processing FKP adjustment could

ensure the accuracy evaluation of ECPs coordinates as the basis of cadastral survey.

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FKP satellite surveying approach for accuracy evaluation in Gifu-Mizuho city and Kyoto city was applied for 4th order Triangular control points and cadastral control points in Gifu-Mizuho city area. As the premise of FKP satellite surveying, we used regional ECPs network in central Japan zone, which might have some issues of ECP coordinates before and after 2011 earthquake. Also cadastral control points are corrected with PATCH-JGD interpolation coefficients based on Semi-dynamic approach by GSI, the resulted discrepancies are to be investigated more for cadastral survey in practice.

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Selected 4th order Triangular control points and cadastral control points in Gifu-Mizuho city area are quite representative of cadastral survey practice in Japan. During the experiments, current static approach, RTK approach, VRS approach and QZS-LEX approach( under development ) were not applicable in the woods, where 4th order Triangular control point exist. Only FKP satellite surveying could gives us the adjusted coordinates and reasonable standard deviations. We need furthermore theoretical and practical investigation for cadastral control points for cadastral survey.

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Judging from the discrepancies between adjusted and official coordinates of 4th order Triangular control points, official values are still reliable for cadastral survey. On the other hand, cadastral control points showed constant shift between adjusted and official coordinates, which means that the previous network adjustment might have applied erroneous coordinates on given control points at that time.

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In conclusion FKP satellite surveying in Gifu-Mizuho city area is now reconfirmed as the most effective approach as “Singular control adjustment approach” of the current cadastral survey specification, to adjust the coordinates from ECPs directly.

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FKP satellite surveying was completed in Kyoto city, as accuracy evaluation in densely populated area, using City block control points. Only FKP satellite surveying had adjusted the coordinates at sites, where static approach, VRS approach and RTK approach could not succeeded in establishing cadastral surveying.

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FKP satellite surveying utilized 2 options for the coordinates of ECPs; official coordinates and daily coordinates for the first step of 2 steps FKP adjustment. Adjusted coordinates were compared with the official coordinates, and showed quality issues of ECPs and City block control points.

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To summarize the accuracy evaluation of City block control points in Kyoto city, by FKP satellite surveying; Combination of FKP satellite surveying and TS surveying on Tablet-PC would work well through the whole process of cadastral surveying. FKP satellite surveying with multi- GNSS module would help the surveyors more not only in densely populated urban area but also forestry area, where the current specification could not be applied.

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The list above shows new findings and future prospects, as fruitful results of accuracy evaluation, with GEONAP geodetic network adjustment and FKP satellite surveying.

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In this paper: Cadastre2014 Japan – Satellite Surveying, I could report the followings as conclusion; (1) Current status of cadastral maps are described with cadastral relevant acts and

specifications, and new specifications are now prepared. (2) Considering special earthquake-tsunami environment, fundamental control

points network, PEGASUS satellite surveying approaches are now evolved into new stages.

(3) For multi purpose cadastral system and 3D national land base information system, 3D Image Map Archive is now to be configured.

Thank you very much for your kind attention !!!

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