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COI.J;HOJIOillKOf acneKTa, MO)J{e Cf IIpHMeTKT~l jOIII jep;Ha ynora jaBHOCTH Koja

rrpeBa3HJia3H rroJIHTH't{Kf OKBHpe. M sa TO cy aeorrxop;HH KOMYHHKaTHBHH rrpo- ,

IjecH. IIpeMa Kaprry B. ):lojqy (1953) COQHjarrHe 3aje)IHM!je ce pa3JIHKyjy rrpeMa O)IHOcy nosehaHe yHyrpaiiiibe KOMYHHKaQHje " Malbe crroJbailllbe KOMYHHKaQHje. ITpeMa TOMe, 6Hrro 6H Moryhe )Ia rrosehaHa yqecrarrocT YHfipaiiiibe /IHCKycHje Ha eBpOITCKOM I!pOCTOpy /IOBe)le /10 CTBapa!ba HOBe 3aje/IHHije, KOja y COQHjarrHoM rrorrre11y HHTerpHIIIe pasrrnqHTe esporrcKe HaQHje. JHpreH Xa6epMac (1996), TaKol)e, CBojoj rrpe,liCTaBH 0 /IMCKyp3HBHOj jaBHOCTH )laje yrrory jaqaHta H,D;fHTHTeTa. Op;rryKe Koje HMcy .z:\"OHeTe rröcTM3albeM KOMrrpoMHca, Hero Ha OCHOBY MHIIIJbelba seh>me, jaqajy 3aje)IHMQY· YqecTsyjhH Ha OTBopeHOM ,liHCKypcy, qrraHOBH IIPYIIITBa ca3Hajy )Ia Mory 11a yqecrsyjy y o6rrHKosalby csera y

rogutu1baK <PaKyntuew.a 3a Kynw.ypy u Meguje

EBponcKa jaBHOCT n.eBponcKo HbBHHapcTBO .•.. 4.

KOM< JKHBe " cHaJKHHje ce H)leHTH<jJHKyjy ca crpysrypaMa IIPYIIITBa. ITpH3H~ salbeM IIPYIIITBa H· rrojarrHoiiihy KojoM ce caMH o6aBe3yjy, HcrospeMeHo q"" saje/IHHQY Tor IIPYIIITBa. Y Be3H ca crsapalbeM esporrcKe HaQHOHarrHe ,llplKaE l5eHe)1HKT AH!IepcoH (1991) je reHepHcao nojaM "imagined communities", jep c qJiaHOBH je)IHe HaQHOHaJIHe gaje)IHHQe rro · npaBHJIY rrHqHo He rro3Hajy. ITom 3ehM yorriiiTeHo 011 esporrCKHX 3eMJba, a rroce6Ho 011 3eMalha qrraHHQa Espor CKe YßHje, CMaTpa ce )Ia CTBapalbe esporrcKe jaBHOCTH, y OKBHPY KOje ce HHTe> 3HBHpajy KOMYHMKaTHBHH rrpo11ecH IIIHpOM Esporre H KOjoM ce rrpeHOCH 3HaH> o IIPYIIITBHMa lbeHHX ,llpJKasa, ,liOnpHHOCH H3rpa,lllhH esporrcKor H)leHTHTen TeH)IeHQHje Ka Ijenos;rroj Espomi rrpaTH Ha)la )Iahe ce o6e36e)IHTH ,llyrorpaja MHp. Ü,ll npo11eca esporrCKMX HHTerpaQMja, oqeKyje ce nopacr COQHjarrHe KOX< 3Mje, TaKo .n;a rroTIMTHqKe op;rryKe. Koje je p;oHeJia nehnHa, rrpnxnaTH H Hap;rJiac

aHa MalbHHa, Kao IIITo rrpepacrro)lerry pecypca y EsporrH rpe6a )Ia rrpHXBaT rpaljaH;r CBMX 3eMaJba EsporrcKe YHHje.

li!MajyhH y BMIIY ynory IIOJIHTJ<qxor rrerHTHMHTeTa H HH<jJOpMHCalba rrorrHTHqKOM CHCTeMy EsponcKe ysHje H Y3HMajyhH y o63Hp <jlyHKQMjy IIPYIII TBeHe COQHjaJIHe HHTerpaQHje H CTBapalbe eBpOITCKOT M)leHTMTeTa Ha COQHjan HOM rrpocropy Espone, HayQH o KOMYHMKaQHjH" Me)IHjHMa HaMehe ce IIHTalb o )IOCTHTHYTOM HHBoy pagsoja esporrcKe jaBHOCTH. Ey,llyhM )Ia ce jaBHOCT · caBpeMeHHM p;pflliTBHMa, yrJiaBHOM, CTBapa IIOcpep;CTBOM Me,n;Hja, Tf)I(HlliT eMrrHpliljcKor HCTpa)l(liiBaaa Mep;nja 6MJIO je, rrpe cBera, yCMepeHo Ka peJieBaHT

HHM Me)IHjCKHM noHy!laMa y EsporrH " sa Espony. li!3BeiiiTaBalbe 3a HH<jlop MaTHBHC fMHCHje y IIOjf,IJ;HHaqHHM eBpüiiCKHM 3fM!baMa H eBpOIICKH Mf,ll;HjCKJ

)IOral)ajH, Kao IIITO cy esporrcKO rrpseHcTBO y <Jly116arry HJIM EBpOBH3Hja, 6Hm cy paHu:je, a H cap;a cy, rrpe.n;MeT 6pojHHX ·aaanuga Mep;njcKor H3BemTaBaaa

HoBMHapcrso Kao rrpO/IYK11HjcKa rrosa!IHHa "ycrros HacraHKa Me,liHjCKe jaBHO CTH, )10 ca)la HMje 6HJIO 0)1 BalKHOCTH 3a TeopHjy H eMnHpHjy eBpOIICKe jaBHO CTM. KrracMqHa ITHTalba y HCTpalKHBalby HOBHHapcTBa 0 fTHQajy HOBHHapCK' rpa!IHQHje, HOBMHapcKor caMOI!OHMalba H HOpMH" pyrHHe HOBHHapcKor pa11a KaO H 0 rrojaBHOM o6miKy HOBHHapcKe HH<jlpacTpfKType y KOHTeKCTf eBpOIICK' jaBHOCTH jom fBCK HHCf IIOCTaB!beHa. llojaM "eBpOIICKO HOBHiiapCTBO", KOjJ

je H Te :KaKO npHcyraH, HHje HJIH je caMo PYIIHMeHTapHo KOHQeiTQHOHaJIH30 BaH. IIITa ce ca THMe MHCJIH, IIITa o6yxnaTa 11 r,n;e cy ce neh pa3BMJIH o6mu . .v " crpyKrype, npe,llcTaBJba rrolhe y KOMe ce, ,liOIIYIIIe, Mory Han;r noje)IHHaqH,

cTYIIHje, aJIH r)le joiii yseK rrocToje reopHjCKM He/IOCTaQH )le<jJHHHQHja H CHCTe MaTH3aQHje, KaO H )le<jJHQHTH eMI!HpHjCKOT HCTpaJKHBalba.

QHlb OBOT I!pHIIOra je 11ace, y CBeTJiy J1HCKYCHje 0 MOrynHOCTH HaCTaHKa I crerreHy ,liOCTMTHfTOT pa3Boja eBporrcKejaBHOCTH (rrorrraBJbe 2), noce6Ho o6pa111 )IHMeH3Hja eBpOIICKOT HOBHHapCTBa KOja je )10 Ca)la 6HJia 3al!OCTaBlbeHa. C ™' y Be3H he ce carrre)laTM H KOHQeiTQHjCKM !Iaibe paspa,liHTH )loca,llallllba pa3 MHIIIJbalba H eMIIHpHjCKH HaJia3H 0 eBpOIICKOM HOBHHapCTBY (rrorrraBJbe 3). ÜCM'

fo/l. !I (2010): CTp. 39-70

42 ):(oq. ~P AHKe O<j>epxayc

Tora, 6nhe npegCTaBJbeHH eMnnpnjcKH aanaan o npo<jlemoaaJIHOM nocTynalby H o ycnosnMa pa~a KopecnoH~eHaTa EsponcKe YHHje y Epnceny (nornaslbe 4) Kao ycJIOBH cTsapa!ba esponcKor HOBHHapcTBa. Ha Kpajy he 6HTH gaTH peaHMe HaJiaaa M npe~BMI:)alba y nomegy galber MCTpalKMBalba (nomaBJbe 5).

2. MOfY'B.HOCTM HACTAHKA l1 ,IJ;OCTHfHYTH PA3BOJ EBPOIICKE JABHOCTH

CTBapalhe jaBHOCTH rryTeM Meguja HMa :u;eHTparrHM 3Ha'Efaj y caspeMeHHM IIPYiliTBHMa, aeaaBHCHO 011 oqeKHBaHe <jlyHKQHje, Koja ce jaBHOCTM rrpMIIM· cyje aaBMCHO 011 TeopnjcKe rrepcrreKTHBe. Ey~h>i ga jeAMHO MegMjM Mory cBMM qJiaHOBMMa IIPYiliTBa rroTeHQHjaJIHO ga rapaHTyjy npncTyrr MH<jlopMaqMjaMa M lbHXOBO IliHpe!be, MMajy 0/IJIYqyjyhyynoryy 0/ICliHKaBalby M nmpe!by pa3JIHqJITIIX IIPYiliTBeHIIX IIHTepeca. TaKO aa o6JIHKOBalbe MeglljcKe esporrcKe jasaocTM IIOCTOje )J;BC. KOHCTHT}'TMBHe MoryfiHOCTH; ,n;aKJie, ~üpMHpaae je,IJ;HHCTBCHOf

esporrcKor MegnjcKor CHCTeMa 11 esporre113a1111ja HaQIIOHaJIHe MeglljcKe jasaoCTH (fepxapgc 1993; 2001).

ilpsy MOfYllHOCT Tpe6a CXBaTIITII Kao jegiiHCTBeH Me):\lljCKII CIICTeM, " ... qlljH cagplKajll Ce Illllpe y pa3JIJiqiiTHM eBpOIICKIIM 3eMJbaMa, KaKO 61111X peQMIIHpaJIII rpal:)aHII y TIIM 3eMJbaMa." (fepxapi\C 1993: 7) . .[(aKJie, OB):\e je peq 0 MegHjCKOM CllcTeMy KojH rrpeKo MegnjcKIIX rroHyAa HHTerpllllle AplKase Esporre. MHorll apryMeHTII cy rrpoTHB paasoja TaKBIIX MegnjcKHX CTPYKTypa . .[(oK IIOJIHTHqKH II TeXHIIqKH OKB11p11 y EBpOIIII gaHaC BHille He rrpe):\CTaBlliajy OMeTajyhll <jlaKTOp, qJIHH ce Aa je je~aH aaaqajaH <jlaKTop KYJITYPHO ycnoslbeH: Paan11qHTOCT je3HKa, pa3JIIIqHTe peQeUTHBHe HaBHKe II (/10 caga /IOMIIHaHTHH) CIIeijH<jlllqHH Hai.J;HOHaJIHM MHTepecH, KaO l1 IIOJU1THqapH KOjH Müpajy ,IJ;a CTl-PlY llffHTMMHTCT

Ha HaqiiOHaiiHOM upocTopy, cTa611JIII3YjY HaQIIOHaJIHY <jlparMeHTaQnjy y OKBHPY esporrcKe rry6JIHKe. Ca THM cy rroseaaHH eKOHOMCKM npo6JieMH, jep cy rrpiiCYT- _ HOCT HHTepeCOBalba K0/1 rry6JI.I!Ke II peHTa611JIHOCT eBpOIICK.IIX Me):\llja IIpeTIIO· CTaBKa 3a lbiiXOB HaCTaHaK II pa3BOj (yrr. fepxapi\C 1993: 8-11).

.[(pyra TeoplljCK.II aaM.IICJIIIBa sap.11jaHTa HarpaA!be esporrcKe jaBHOCTII je y eBpOIIeM3aQHj.ll HaQIIOHaJIH.IIX jaBHOCTII. "ITOI\ eBpOIIeH3aQIIjOM HaQIIOHaJIHIIX jaBHOCTH ce rro,n;pa3yMesa, c je.n;He cTp_aHe, TeMaTM3au;Hja esporrcKMx TeMa y Ha:u;HoHaJIHHM Mep;HjMMa, a c .JJ;pyre cTpaHe, on;eHa THX TeMa M3 esponcKe nepcrreKTIIBe, a He "' rrepcrreKTIIBe HaQIIOHarrHe 1\plKaBe." (fepxapAc 1993: 12). Ha osa paaMHiliJbalba cy ce Ha):\oseaarre 6pojHe eMnllpHjcKe CTYAIIje, Koje cy Ha ociiosy aHaJIH3a ca,IJ;p)l(aja HCIH1TMsarre CTerreH esponew3an;Mje Hau;noHaJIHe Me,n;HjCKe

jaBHOCTH. CTaBJDalbe Te)KJHIITa Ha aHaJIM3e ca.n;p)l(aja Me,n;HjcKor H3BeiiiTaBaH.a,

.n;enHMH'C{HO ca yrrope,n;HHM Bpe.n;aocTHMa 3eMalba, ca co6oM je ,n;oaeno ,n;albe

KOpaKe KOHQerrTyarrll3aQIIje. ,IJ;oK je fepxap):\c cse Bebe rrpMcycTBO esporrcKIIX

fo51UuuvaK <PaKyntueuw 3a ~ymuypy u Meguje

EnponcKa jaBHOCT H eaporrcKo HOBHHapcTBO ...

. . . TeMa H aKTepa, Kao H on;eHy TeMa 113 eBporrcKe nepcneKTHBe, 03Ha'llaBao Ki

.esponeH3aQ.IIja", .113 /1.l!CKypcHo-TeOp11jCKe TpagHQ.IIje CXBaTalb~ jaBHOCTII rrpe):\CTaBJbalbeM TpaHCHaQIIOHaJIHe IIOBe3aHOCTII aKTepa 1\0/IaT je jolll jegaH Kp TeplljYM esponenaaQnje. TaKo IliTO y HaQIIOHaJIHHM MeAHjcKHM 6opMJI.IIlliTII> Ha!1IIOHaJIHII II eBpOIICKII aKTepll yaajaMHO yrrynyjy je/IH.II Ha 11pyre, OTBapa ce, KaKo ce MIICJIII, KOMYHIIKaTIIBHH rrpocTOpH. Beaa 113Mel:)y HIIBoa HaJ1HOHam /lplKaBe ca cyrrpaHaQIIOHaJIHIIM HIIBOOM EsporrcKe YHHje, oaHaqeHa je Kao Be: TIIKarrHa esporreH3aJ1Hja, a crrpera HaQHOHaJIHIIX H.I!Boa y OKBMPY Esporre K; xopnaoHTaJIHa esporre11aaqnja (yrropegM KorrMaHc/Ep6e 2004: 101) .

.[(a JIII he H y Kojoj Mepll Mohn Aa ce M3 peayJITaTa aHaJI.II3a MeAMja, Koje ' y Mel:)yspeMeHy IIOCTaJie 6pojHe, H3BYKY 3aKJbYqJ1H KOjll yKaayjy Ha IIOCTOjaf eBpOIICKe jaBHOCTII, BapHpa 3aBMCHO 01\ TeOplljcKe rrepCIIeKTHBe II eMIIpMplljCl orrepaQHOHaJIH3aQHje. nEBporrell3aJ111ja", KaKo AAaM II3BO/I.II 611JiaHC H3 paam tUfTHX pe3yJITaTa, "nperraMa Ce Ha TeMciMa, ITOJIHTVfqKHM c}la3aMa, Me,IJ;HjHMa

aeMJbaMa, YKOjMMa je TpalKHMo" (A!IaM 1007: 42). MHore CTY/IIIje IIMajyaaje11HIIqJ TO ga yrrpKoc KOHTIIHynpaHoM pacTy o6MMa II3BernTaBaii>a .11 <jlaaaMa rrojaqaJ esporre113a1111je, ya sap11ja1111jy HaBe):\eHIIX ycrrosa, goM3yjy cna6y TpaHcHaQH• HaJIHY IIOBe3aHOCT l1 ,D;OMHHaHTHOCT aKTepa HaD;HOHaJIHHX .D;p)Kaßa, KOjH CBOjM

rrp11cycTBOM llrrepcrreKTIIBOM o6rrMKyjy esporrcKe /I.IICKycnje. Beh cy Pnce/Kayn• .11 ~pyr.11 (2001: 1) orrMCHBaJIII esponcKe 1\HCKYCI!je Kao "domestic adaptatiorr wi1 national colors". CM<jlT/EpnreMaH H 11PYrH (2007) rosope o "esporrenaaQ.IIjll y ce MeHTHMa Ha OCHOBY HaJia3a ,n;a HaiJ,HOHaJIHe apeHe npeTe)f(HO 3ay3HMajy HaD;HC

HaJIHH aKTepM J1 -;qa cy, yrrpKüC eBpüiiCKHM TeMaMa, XüpH30HTaJIHO je,n;Ba ITOB,

3aHH. AgaM (2007) je y lbeHoj aHarr11a11 rroseaaHoCT.II, ynopel:)yjyh11 aeMJbe, rrop< pa3JIJifKa KapaKTepHCTJifqHJifX 3a iioje,n;HHe 3eMJbe, MOfJia p;a y CBHM ,IJ;HCKyc:vrjab

,n;oKa)Ke jaKe KOMYHHKaTJ1BHe JIHHHje o.n; Haii;HOHaJIHHX aKTepa rrpeMa HHCTJ1T

QMjaMa EBporrcKe yHnje. PeayJITaTII fepxapgc/O<jlepxayc 11 Apyrllx (2009) rroK' 3yjy )Ia OBaKBe KOMYHHKaT.IIBHe Jl.IIH.IIje, OCIIM IliTO TeKy 1\0MIIHaHTHO y jegHO npaBn;y, Mory ,n;a 6y,n;y 11 BeoMa HeraTHBHO o6nHKOBaHe. Han;woaaJIHH nonHTJ

qap11 EsporrcKoj YHHjll M gpyriiM aeMJbaMa qrraHIIQaMa gajy cTaTyc lKpTBeH< japQa, TaKO IIITO 11M IIOJIHTMqKe 0/liiYKe 1Ip111I.11Cyjy KaO HeraTIIBHe. ÜB):\e je peq CTpaTelliKOj KOMYHIIKa!111jH, Kojy oqMrnegHO Me):\Mjll CBeo6yxsaTHO perrpO/IyKyj

.[(a 611 Ce o6jaCHIIJIO, y qeMy ce CaCTOje yapOQH )IOM.I!HaHTHOCTII HaqM< HaJIHIIX aKTepa II rrepciieKTIIBa y HaQIIOHaJIHOj jaBHOCTH, yrrpKOC II!Hpe!by rrpoAy6Jbelby EsporrcKe YHIIje 11 cse sehoj Mo6HJIHOCTH " eKOHOMCKoj .11crrp• rrrreTeHoCTII y Esporr11, KopncHo je 6aBIITII ce ycrrOBIIMa HacTaHKa esporro jaBHOCTH H IIOCTaBHTH IIHTalbe KBaJIHTeTa HOBHHapCTBa Kao eneMeHTa CTBi

paH.a Me.D;HjcKe jaBHOCTH: KaKBY yllory, p;aKJie, HMa eBpüiiCKO HOBHHapCTBO HJI

HOBHHapCTBO y EBpOIU1 3a HaCTaHaK eBpüiiCKe jaBHOCTH?1

CKopo je HenCTpa)J(eHa ynora ny6nHKe H IbeHa peu;enu;11ja MeAHja. J.13y3eTaK y KOHTeKc1 J.1CTpa)f(HBaH.a Ha HeMa'tiKOM fOBOpHOM llO,Il;pyqjy je npurror nllfHreH6epra (2006).

[OA. I! (2010): CTp. 39-70

44 .llo11. AP AHKe O<!Jepxayc

3. EBPOITCKO HOBMHAPCTBO MnM HOBMHAPCTBO Y EBPOIIMf2

,[(oK nCTpaJKHBalhe HOBHHapcTBa y esporrcKHM 3eMJbaMa HYAII nmpoKy Jieiie3y TeopHjCKIIX II eMIIHplljCKHX 3Halba, Hay'IHO o6jaJJilbelbe "eBpOIICKOr HOBHHapcTsa" joJJI yseK je MaprliHanHo. McTpaJKliBa'IKO rroJbe rrojMOBHO Hllje AOBOJbHO 011pel)eHo, a TeopHjCKII je11sa 11• je CliCTeMaTli30BaHo. Ka11a ce rosop11 o HOBI!HapcTBy y Esporrll IIJIII esporrcKOM HOBliHapCTBY 11 lherosoM o6nliKOBalby, IICTOBpeMeHo Ce TeMaTH3yjy IIOTIIYHO pa3JIII'Il1Te 1111MeH3Hje HOBHHapCTBa. IlpH TOM Ce HeKe CTYIIllje KOHJ:jeHTpHlliY Ha HOBHHapcKe CallplKaje H CTBapana'IKH KOHTeKCT (CIIBepT 1997; MaXHJI 1998), 11pyre Ha JJIKOJIOBalbe HOBHHapa (<!>penHX/ Xon1.1-Eaxa 2003), HOBHHapcKy aKTIIBHOcT (BaH EjK 2005) IIJIII rrepl.leiii.IHjy HOBHHapa y Esporrll (,[(oHc6ax/IIaTepcoH 2004). BHJJiecTpyKo ce y OKBHPY esporrcKOr HOBHHapCTBa Ha MaKpOCOI.IIIjaJIHOM HHBOY TeMaTH3yjy II eBpOIICKII MelllljCKII CHCTeMI! y lleJIHHll (XaJII!H/MaHI.IIIHII 2004). ÜBIIe JKeJiliM 11a IIOKaJKeM KaKO Ce CBpCHCXOIIHO Mory CliCTeMaTI!30BaTH IIOCallaJJilbll pe3yJITaTll HCTpalKHBalba HOBHHapcTBa II KOje cy rrojMOBHe llelpHHIII.IIIje 3a TO IIOTpe6He. EsporrCKO HOBHHapCTBO, O,ll;HOCHO HOBHHapCTBO y EspOIIH rrpe,ll;CTaBJba p;eo HHTepHaqMOHaJIHO

KOMITapaTHBHOf M TpaHCHaiJ;lilOHaJIHOf HCTpa)I{Hßalba HOBHHapCTBa, KOjH cap;a

IIOCTaje CBe peJieBaHTHHjl:'r'. HOBHHapCTBO, KOMe IIpHna,n;a aHaJIYI3a l13BemTaBaiDa

Kao HOBI!HapCKH 1Ip0113BOII, KaKBa je 110 ca11a 611na y l.leHTpy IIaJKlbe eMDI!pHjCKOr MCTpa)I{Mßalba eBpüiiCKe jaBHOCTH, HIIaK o6yxBaTa MHOfO BMIIIe. Y. OBOM rracycy

he Ce ]J;HCKYTOBaTH rrpeBaCXO,lJ;HO 0 TOMe KaKO Ce "eBpOIICIG:t" MO)Ke KOHIJ;eiiD;H

OHaJIH30BaTH. TaKo ce y ocBpTy Ha IUITalbe: KaKo ce ,,HOBHHapcTso" eMIU1pHjCKH

MOlKe OIII!CaTH, o6jaJJilbaBa KOje ce I(HMeH3Hje HCTpalKliBalba Hylle 3a eBpOIICKO yrropeiiHO HCTpalKHBalbe. Ha Kpajy ne 6HTll l(aTO HeKOJIIIKO rrpHMepa, KOjH cy Oll IIOCe6He KOpHCTH 3a HHCTpalKHBalbe eBpOIICKOr HOBI!HapcTBa.

3.1 illiüa 31<a'{U eapoücKu?

KaKBe ce rrpe,n;cTase se3yjy 3a "esporrcKo HOBHHapcTso", 3Haqaj:Ho sapnpa Meljy HCTpaJ!<>IBaqHMa H rrpaKTI!'Iapi!Ma. Y HajyJKeM CMHCJIY 110)1 "eBpOIICKHM HOBHHapCTBOM" liJIH "HOBHHapcTBOM Esporre" IIO/Ipa3yMeBajy Ce OHM CallpJKajl! Me1111ja, 'IHjH rrpei(MeT je EsporrcKa YHHja MJIH Esporra. Beni!KII 11eo aHaJIH3a Ca)J;p)Kaja, 3a aHaHH3Y esponcKe jaBHOCTH, Malbe-BMille eKCIIJU1I.J;HTHO Ce O)J;HOCH

Ha TaKBe MeiiHjCKe CallplKaje. ÜBIIe 6ll 6HJIO rrpei.IH3HMje fOBOpHTH 0 "HOBHHapCTBY EsporrcKe YHHje". 36or Tora rrpeiiJiaJKeM 11a ce "HOBHHapcTBOM EsponCKe Yß-Hjeu 03Haqe CBH o6JIHD;H J1 IIpOH3BO)J;H HOBHHapCKe aKTHBHOCTJil KOjH Ce

ÜTIJiiC ~OCTMI'HfTOI' HHBOa f HCTpa)KJirßaHty IIOJTa3JIJ 11pMMapHO O,ll; J1CTpa)I(JfBa1.JKOI'

rrpocTopa -HeMa1.JKOr je3MKa. TaKo OH He 3aXTeBa-noTnynocT MJU1 eBporrcKy penpe3eHTaTKBHocT. HarrpOTHB, Ha OBOM MeCTy 6Jmo 6u IlO:IK€JbHO ,ll;OIIYHJ.1Tiil rne,n;HrnTa M CTYAHje

,n;pyrux eBporrcKwx 3eMalba.

ToguuuvaK·cpaKynzuetua 3a Ky:n.zu.ypy u Meguje

EsporrcKa jaBHOCT H esponcKo HOBHHapcTBO ...

Mory HahH y EsponH, KOjll ce OIIHoce Ha EsporrcKy YHHjy HJill Koje je Esporrc1 y:HHja rrpoy3püKOBaJia. 3 TipeTe:amo je peq o .n;erraTHocTH H H3BeiiiTaBalby Kopecrro

AOHaTa y Bpnceny. Y Mel)yspeMeHy, osa ge,PHHH11Hja o6yxsaTa 11 pa11 KopecrroH~ HaTa H ype;nuuKa Ha Hau;HoHaJIHOM HHBoy. ÜHH ce, TaKot}e, 6ase TeMaMa H ,n;orat)ajm x.ojH ce o,n;Hoce Ha EsporrcKy YHHjy, caMo mTd Bop;e nopeKrro 11 HMajy rroBop; Ha Ha:u;

oHaJIHOM HHBoy. CymTHHa A~<l>HHMIJ,Hje oBp;e je .,M3BemTaBalbe. o EBponcKoj y1mj:

Kao HOBHHapcKH npoH3Bo,q; ,qaKrre, OHO l13BemTaBaH>e 'qJIIju rrpe,qMeT cy TeMe Koje

O)IHoce Ha EsporrcKy YHHjy. Ha EspoiicKy YHHjy OI(Hoce ce cau pegaKt~ujcKu üpww Kaju U38etuütaBajy:

• EsporrcKoj YHHjH Kao cyrrpaHai.IHOHanHoj HHCTliTYI\HjH, o jeiiHOj "' BHIIIe HHCTHTYIJ;Hja O,D;HOCHO H.eHMM HH,D;MBM,D;yaJIHMM IIOn:KTMqKJ1

aKTepMMa;

• rrojeiiHHa'!Hoj llpJKaBH-'IJiaHIII.IH HIIH BHJJie IIPJKasa-'!naHHI.Ia Esporrc: YHMje, o,n;HocHo o lbl1XOBHM rronHTHqKHM rrpe,n;cTaBHMIJ;HMa y KOHTeKc

EsporrcKe YHllje, H • rronHTlll\11 EsporrcKe YHHje rro Ol(pel)eHliM TeMaTCKHM o6nacTH>

(rrorrliTHqKH rrocTyrrn;H, 3aKOHOIIaBHII aKTll HTII.).

Y CKJiaAy ca THM, H3BeJJITaiialbe o EsporrcKoj YHHjH rroKpHsa cse JJIC pei.IHIIHjeHTll ca3Hajy H3 MeiiHja o EsporrcKoj YHHjM ll lbeHMM 'IJiaHHI.IaMa, K< 11 o H>eHMM aKTHBHOCTMMa H hoJIHTHKaMa. Ca acneKTa ncTpa)l(HBaH>a HOB:

HapCTBa, OBO CXBaTalbe eBpOIICKOr HOBHHapCTBa je, CBaKaKO, rrpeycKO, jep 01

csoj rrorrre11 IIOMHHaHTHO ycMepasa Ha liHCTHTYI\Hje EsporrcKe YHllje, a Tl!> ßCKJbyt!HBO Ha IIOJIJ'IT:i1:qKQ HOBHHapCTBO.

,[(pyra CXBaTalba "eBpOIICKOr HOBI!HapCTBa" 11011pa3yMeBajy MHOrO BHU 011 HOBHHapcTsa 'IHjH callplKaj ce OllHOCH Ha EsporrcKy YHHjy IIJill rrorrMTll'll 11elj>HHHCaHy Esporry. McTpaJKI!Balbe HOBI!HapcTBa rrpeiiCTaBJba rroKyJJiaj 1 ce cxsaTH HOBHHapcTBO y Esporrll ca csojHM o6rrHI.IHMa, CTPYKTypaMa 11 TP. 11111.111joM. EsporrcKo HOBHHapcTBO y TecHoj je Be3H ca IIPYIIITBeHHM OKBHPH' rronHTHKe, HaYKe ll KyJIType y rrojeiiHHliM EsporrcKI!M 3eMJbaMa. 36or Tora oHo 113paJKeHo, c je11He cTpaHe, y opraHM3al.llljll MegujcKor cHcTeMa, a c APY cTpaHe y HOBI!HapcKoj rrpolj>ecHoHaJIHOCTII ca IIoce6HliM cxsaTalbeM " PYT: ROM II03HBa. 06a H3pa3a ce Haj'leJJI!ie TeMaTH3yjy y OKBllpy KOHI.IeiiTa HOB: HapcKe KYJIType OHIIOCHO KyJIType HOBI!H.apcTBa (yrr. XaHH'I 2007). Os11e' IIOjMOBHa 011pel)elba 3Ha'lajHO pa3JII!Kyjy: I(OK Ce Ha jei(HOj CTpaHH "eBpOIICI HOBHHapCTBO" 11elj>HHHJJie KaO jegi!HCTBeHO HOBHHapcTBO lliHpOM Espon APYrH IIOII THM y HajJJIHpeM CMHcny IIOIIpa3yMesajy csa HOBI!HapcTBa Koja • Mory rrpoHanH lliHpOM Esporre (IIJIM Kynrype HOBHHapCTBa). ÜBa 3aTerHyTO< M3Mel)y je;o;MHCTBeHOr eBpOIICKOr HOBHHapCTBa M pa3JIJ1qJ1TMX HaiJ;HOifaJIHJ

Y OCHOBJII OBe ,n:eqrKHJ:UJ;Hje HaJia3H Ce OUHC HOBMH3pCTBa KaO npo$eCMOH3JIHOr pa,n:H o,qnoca, Kat<o je o6jamH>eH y ;n;erry 3.2.

fo)1. li (20!0); CTp. 39-70

-----~----'" - ---·•~.L~~~~-

46 .l\011. AP AHKe O<jlepxayc

HOBHHapCTaBa, yrropei\HBa je Ca HayqHO-COQHjaJIHOM ,ll;HCKYCHjOM 0 IIHTalby nna sanpano KapaKTepHIIIe Enporry H lbeH HAeHTHTeT. M OB)1e ce y QeHrpy Hayqm!X H IIOJIHTHqKHX 1\HCKYCHja BOijH 6op6a 3a eBpOIICKH Hl\eHTHTeT KaO aaje;qH~fqKH HMeHHTeJb HHTerpHcaHe Enpone, a HCTOBpeMeHO H 6pnra 0 oqy

Balby KYJITYPHHX pasrrHKa H3Meljy seMaJba Esporre (yn. XepMaH "ApyrH 2004).4

Y Bf3H Ca Jep;HHCTBeHHM HOBHHapCTBOM llH1pOM EBpOIIe, MHOfM HCTpa)I(HBa't!H

HOBMHapCTBa He CaMO ,n;a p;oljy ;r(O 3aKJbf't!Ka p;a OBaKBO HOBMHapCTBO jorn yBeK

HHje rrperrosHaTJbHBO, Hero sacTyrrajy" MHIIIJbelbe 11a TO He 6H rpe6arro ija 6y,ll;e QHJb jeAHOr passoja (Pyc/Morr 2003: 212; iiHHeH6opr 2000: 246).

Ae<jJHHHQHja Koja csoj rrpeAM<T jacHo oijpel)yje, arrH ra arrpHopH o)16aQyje KaO pegyJITaT KOMe ce He Tf)I(H, IIOMepa IIOfJie;q Ha pa3HOJlHKe, eMIIHpHjCKH

orsopeHe MorynHOCTH passoja. ,l\e<jJHHHQHja Koja, o6pHyro, He rrpeQH3Hpa QeHTparrHe caApJKajae o)1pe)16eHe erreMeHTe lbeHor rrpeAMeTa xeypHCTH'IKH je 6eCKOpHCHa. 36or TOfa MH ce 'l!HHH Ba)I(HHjHM p;a IIOjaM "eBpOIICKH" O)J;BOjHM 0)1;

HüpMaTHBHHX HMIIJIHKaiJ;Hja, ,n;a ra yrroTpe6HM Ca aHaJlHTH'tJKOf CTaHOBHIIITa H

;qa, C THM y Bf3H, p;e~HHHIIIeM pa3JIH'l!t1:Te O)J;HOCe.

Heneprra/IlloH (2008: 19) sa eMnHpHjcKe o)1pe116e "esporrcKor HOBHHapcrsa" rrpeAJiaJKy crre11ene perHoHarrHe yrropeijHe )1HMeH3Hje:

• eKcrepHa rropeljelba H3Meljy Enporre (HJIH rpyrra esporrcKHX seMa!ba) H Apymx perHoHa y cseTy, HJIH

• HHTepHa IIOpe~eaa eBpüiiCKHX 3CMaJba J1 fbHXOBHX KYJITypa

HOBHHapCTBa.

Ys IIOMOn OBe 1\Be rrope116eHe I\HMeH3Hje Moryna je CHCTeMaTH3aQHja IIOCTOjefiHX pe3yJITaTa HHTepHa:QHOHaJIHO-KOMIIapaT_HBHOf HCTpa)I(HBalba

HOBHHapcTBa. HcrpaJKHBalba Koja ce ocrra!Dajy Ha TaKsyspcryrropeljelba HOBHHapcKHX Kyrrrypa, seoMa cy CJIH'!Ha pasMHIIIJbalbHMa y OKBHPY HHTepHaQHOHaJIHHX rropeljelba Mei\HjCKHX CHCTeMa. IJorrasenH 0)1 HajcTapHje THIIOIIOrHje ,Four theories of the press' (3H6epT H 11pyrH 1956), Me)1HjcKH cHcTeMH.CTaJIHO cy yrropeljHBaHH H rpyiiHCaHH y CKJiaAy Ca lbHXOBHM pa3JIHKaMa H CJIHqHOCTHM·a (aKTyerrHo cy 3Ha'!ajHH XaJIHH/MaHQHHH 2004).

Y Be3H ca ITHTalbeM CIIe:QJII~H'tJHOf eBpOIICKOf MO;qena HOBHHapCTBa, MaH

IjHHH (2005) y eKCTepHOM rropeljelby cyrrpOTCTaBJba aHrJIO-aMepH'IKO H KOHTHHeHTaJIHO-eBpOIICKO HOBHHapCTBO. J1aKO yKasyje Ha TO 11a IIOCTOje MHOre 3HaqajHe pa3JIMKe y CaMHM eBpOIICKHM 3fMJbaMa, Moryfl. je J1 IIpMKa3 fJiaB

HHX sajeAHHqKHX OC06HHa Koje cy yTeMeJbeHe Ha JIHTepapHoj Tpai\HQHjH KaO HCTüpHjCKOM KOpeHy eBpOIICKOf HOBHHapCTBa. EneMeHTH JIHTepapHOf HOBH

HapCTBa, KOjH H ijaHac rrocroje, rrperrosHajy ce Ha rrpHMep y "a substantially

Heop;ny'IHOCT ce He.n;asHo noKa3ana y Hacnosy ECA-KoHrpeca "European Society or European Societies?", ITvrca6oH, 2-5. cerTTeM6ap 2009.

foguuu.aK <liaKynutetua Ja Kynmypy u Meguje

EBpOIICKa jaBHOCT H eBponCKO HOBMHapCTBO ... 47

elite circulation", y "the choice of subjects and in the selection of news" " y "the · modality of the journalistic discourse", Kao " rro TOMe 11a cy HOBHHapH "part oJ the inte!lectuaJ worJd". 3a KOHTHHeHTaJIHO-eBpOIICKO HOBHHapCTBO KapaKTepHCTHqaH je H YTHQaj ApJKaBe M rroce6Ha 6rrHCKOCT IIOJIMTHQH. MaHQHHHjeso TYMa'!elbe rrojaiiiibaBa Aa je 6HTHo TO Aa IIH ce BHIIIe Harrraiiiasajy pasrrHKe HIT>< 3aje)IHH'IKe Oco6HHe KyrrTypa HOBMHapcTBa, 01\HOCHO ija liH je jeAHO O,ll; OBa ,ll;Ba TOJIHKO rrpesamyrro 11a ce OQelbyje Kao 3Ha<JajHo. TaKo y eKCTepHoM rropelje"'y . Mory Aa 6y11y rrpeii03HaTJbHBe KapaKTepHCTHKe eBpOIICKOr HOBHHapCTBa, 1\0K HHTepHa IIOpeljelba IIOKasyjy pa3HOJU1KOCT KOja HCTpaJKHBa'!e HaBOijH Ha 3aKJbyqaK ija jOIII yseK He IIOCTOjH jei\HHCTBeHO eBpOIICKO HOBHHapCTBO.

Ylaxo To jorn yBeK HHje cnyqaj, HIIaK ce nocTaBJI>a ITHTalbe )l;a JIH ce H r,n;e

ce rroTeHQMjarro pa3BHjajy CTPYKType esporrcKor HOBHHapcrsa. ÜBije je perreBaHTaH jOIII jel\aH rrapaMeTap: HaHMe, 01\HOC rrpeMa BpeMeHy H, C THM y Be3H, Af<jJHHHQHja IIpaBQa pa3BOja. Y CKJiaAy Ca pa3MHIIIJbalbHMa 0 MorynHOCTHMa HaCTaHKa eBpOIICKe jaBHOCTH (fepxapijc 1993), 3a pa3BOj H opraHH3aQHjy HOBHHapCTBa y Espm;m cyiiiTHHCKa cy ABa CTPYKTypHa rrpHHQHrra. ÜHH HCTOBpeMeHo ycMepaBajy <!>oKyc HCIIHTHBalba, paijH MCTpaJKHBalba TpaHCHaQHOHaJIHHX pa3-BOja y HOBHHapcrsy. Ilpno ce rrperropyqyjy HHTepHa nopeljelba seMaJba, KaKo 6H ce rroKasarre CJIHqHoCTM HOBMHapcKHX Kyrrrypa y EsporrH. AyropoqHe rrpoMeHe y cMepy xoMoreHH3aQHje HOBHHapcKHX KyJITypa y Enporrn, yoqeHe rrpHIIHKOM rropel)elba y speMeHy, Mory ce HHTeprrpeTHpaTH Kao rrpoQec esporreHsaQHje. Tep-

"6 MHHOM "eBporrcKH H ce· 03Ha't!aBao p~aynTaT rroTrryHor ycarrraiiiaBaaa rroje,n;n-

Ha'!HHX " CBHX erreMeHaTa. Y crryqajy passoja y cyrrpoTHOM cMepy, peq je o upoQec><Ma esporrcKe AM<jlepeHQHjaQHje. Apyr>< CTPYKTYPHH rrpHHQHII je HacTaHaK HOBMX, HCKOHCKHX eBpOIICKHX CTpyKTypa HOBHHapcTBa M jeAHe espOIICKe HOBHHapcKe Kyrrrype, Koja H3 Tora rrpoHsrrasH. ÜBAe ce yoqasajy o6rracTH y KojHMa cy Ben rroqerre A• ce <jlopM><pajy TpaHcHaQHOHarrHe HJIH cyrrpaHaQHOHarrHe crpyKType HOBHHapcTBa. IlpHHQMiiH CTBapa!ba CTpyKrype IIOKasyjy /ja 1\Ba o6JIHKa HOBHHapcTBa rpe6a 11a 6y11y osHa'IeHa Kao "esponcKa", a ro cy, c je)1He cTpaHe, 06JIHKOBalbe je)1HHCTBeHO-eBpOIICKe CTpyKType HOBMHapcTBa H ,C 11pyre CTpaHe, HOBe eBpOIICKe <jlopMe HOBHHapCTBa .• EBpOIICKH" je, AaKJie, HeOIIXOI\Ha <jlopMa, Kalla je peq o orr><cy rrpo11eca rrpoMeHa XoMoreHocT Kao rrpeTrrocTaBKa HMje QMJb KOMe Tpe6a TeJKHTH, Ben MepMJIO 3a BpeijHOBalbe KOje M3Meljy 1\Ba ije<!>HHHCaHa MOMeHTa OIIHcyje pa3JIMKe HJIM XOMOfeHOCT HaQHOHaiiHHX KYJITypa.

,[(aJbe Tpe6a HarroMeHyTM ,u;a eMrr><p><jcKH pesyrrTaTH yrropeijHOr "TpaHcHaQHOHanHor HCTpa)I(HBal:ba HOBHHapCTBa, 360r He,IJ;OBOJbHOf II03HaBafba je3HKa,

OAcycTBa rrapTHepa sa capai1IbY HJIH "' ><crpaJKHBa'!Ko-rrparMaTH'IHHX pasrrora, Hajqemhe o6yxBaTajy caMo ManH p;eo eBporrcKHx aeMaJba. MHorH peaynTaTH

.esporrcKHX rropelje!ba" ocrralbajy ce Hajqernne Ha BeJIHKY EpHTaHHjy, <PpaHqycKy H HeMa<JKY (yrr. MeTa-aHaJIM3a 011 MaxHrra 2006). Y OKB><py i1HCKyc><je o eBpOIICK<?M HOBHHapCTBy, IIpHJIHKOM HHTeprrpeTaQMje yrropeijHHX Bpei\HOCTH

fol(. !I (2010): CTp. 39-70

-· -•-"- __ L_. --~-- --------- "·--1

48 )1oJ1. IIP AHKe O<j>epxayc

y EBporrH Tpe6a rrpen;HsHpaTM, p;a JIH ce pap;H o rrom1TnqKoj HJIH reorpa<PcKoj

EaporrH, p;a JIH ,,eBporrcKH" o6yxBaTa cBe peneBaHTHe ,D;p)l(aBe HJIH ce nopep;e

caMo naa6paHe aeMJbe parspro toto, HJIH ce pa,n;H o HCTpa)l(HBalby "esponcKHX"

y CMHcrry cy11pa " TpaHCHaJ1HOHaJIHHX CTPYKTypa HOBHHapcTsa. 3a 6y11yha HHTepHa HcTpa)((lfBalba y Espo11H, 6Hrro 6H 110)((eJbHO yaeTH y o63Hp 6pojHe p;pyre, noce6Ho Mane esporrcKe 3eMJDe. OcnM IIHTaiDa, mra sHa'lm: "esporrcKH"

, 3HaqajHo je" 11IfTalbe - IIITa 3aupaso Tpe6a 11a ce uope)IH. Y Hape)IHOM 11orrraBibY he 6HTii o6pa3JIO)((eHe Moryhe /lliMeH3Hje HCTpa)((lfßalba HOBHHapCTBa.

3.2 IIJUia 31-la'iU HOBUHapcUiao?

KOHJ1ei1TY jaBHOCTii " HommapcTBY ce upH11llcyjy pa3JII!qi!Te <j>yHKJ1l!je. C je)IHe cTpaHe, Tpe6a 11a je y crry)((611 11y6rr11Ke pallli liH<j>DpMI!Calba " aa6ase. C 11pyre CTpaHe, I!Ma yrrory KOHTporre 110JIIITI!Ke. HoBiiHapcTBO Koje je KpHTHqKo J1 He3aBHCHO O,IJ; ITOJIHTJ1qKQf CHCTeMa, KOje He CaMO p;a HH<!>opMHille, Hero M

KOHTpOJIHille IIOCTfiiKe aKTepa, MO)I{e rrpaBOBpeMeHO ,IJ;a OTKpHje HeraTHBHe

rrojase H HerrpaBHJIHOCTH H p;a MX, fKOJIHKO IIOCTOjH cyMlha, o6jaBH H rrpoTHB

BOJbe 110JIHTiiKe. TaKo oHo ype11pe3eHTaTIIBHHM lleMOKpaTHjaMa HMa <jlyHKQHjy qeTBpTe cHrre. IIo qeMy je HOBiiHapcTBO KapaKTepHCTifqHo? Y CBaKO/lHeBHQII "HOBHHapcrso" 03HaT.Iasa p;erraTHOCT je,n;He oco6e, Koja ce cspcraBa y Karero

pwjy "HOBHHapa" H IIpOH3BO,IJ;, KOjH Ce 03Haqasa KaO "H3BeillTaBalbe". AKTepH,

JbHXOB IIOCaO H lbHXOBH IIpOM3BO,IJ;M cy CMeillTCHH y COI.J;HjaJIHH KOHTeKCT, TaKO

p;a cy 3a HCTpa)l(HBalba peneBaHTHe COIJ;HjaJIHe, IIOJIMTHqKe H eKOHOMCKe OKOJI

HOCTH, KOje YTBpQyjy IIITa je HOBHHapcTBO Ii KaKBe cy !hefOBe I10Clle)IHJ1e (I!IoJI/ BaiiieH6epr 1998: 32). Y cseo6yxsaTHOM rroliMalby "HOBHHapCTsa", 11orra3ehlf 011 IIpOH3BO,D;a Ji13BeillTaBalba, CBaKH o6JIHK HOBHHapcKe aKTHBHOCTH H MHCTMTYlV'I

OHaJIHe CTpyKrype MO)I{e Ce ITOCMaTpaTH KaO rrpeTITOCTaBKa CTBapalba. ,ZJ;a 611: Ce

- MCIIOillTOBaJia KOMITJieKCHOCT H APYIDTBeHH KOHTeKCT, HOBMHapCTBO ce 113 reo

pHjCKe 11epc11eKTI!Be o6jaiiilbaBa KaO CliCTeM (HHKJiac JiyMaH), KaO COJ1HjaJIHO IIOJbe (IJjep EypiiHje) HJIII KaO KymypHH 11p011ec (MaprpeT JIHHe6opr).5 CBIIM OBIIM KOHJ1ei1THMa je 3aje)IH1fqKO TO )Ia HOBHHapCTBO CXBaTajy KaO COJ1HjaJIHII 11pOQeC, KOjlf je CMeiiiTeH y 0/lpel)eHe llPYIIITBeHe H opraHH3aQiiOHe OKBHpe.

,11pyra MoryhHocT 11a ce y cseo6yxsaTHOM o6rrliKY 6oibe o6jacf!e COJ1HjarrHH rrpou;eCH J1 lbHXOBM OKBMpH, CaCTOjM Ce y TOMe p;a Ce HOBHHapCTBO ITOCMaTpa Ca

cTaHOBHIIITa je)IHe 11po<jleclfje. IIpeKo yrrore HOBHHapa Kao BpiiiHOQa rrpo<jleCiije y IIPYIIITBy yoqasajy ce IIHMeH3Hje cTpyKTypa )lerraTHOCTH " opraHH3aJ1Hje, IIOMohy KOjHX Ce HOBHHapCTBO MO)((e eM11HplijCKH HCTpa)((lfBaTH y 11p011YKTHBHOM KOHTeKcTy. Ha TeMeibHMa HOBHHapcTBa KaO 11po<jleclfje H 110Mohy KOHJ:1ei1Ta

ÜCMM OBOr llOMMalba HOBMHapCTBa, Koje je f Be3M Ca J1CTpa)I(MBalbeM HOBMJiapcTBa nma cultural studies (nHHe6opr 2005), c THM y Besu ,n;o6-11ja Ha 3Ha'tfajy KOHu;enT KynyType (a) HOBKHapcTBa (yn. XaHK'lf 2007; XaH/lllpe.n;ep 2008).

foguutlbaK <PaKynuteuta 3a Kynmypy u Meguje

EBpOIICKa jaBHOCT M eBpOIICKO HOBMHapCTBO ... 4

npocpecHoHaJIHaan;Hje, Hci rrpHMepy esporrensan;nje HeMR'lKor HOBHHapcTB

pa3BHna CaM HCTpa)!(HßaqKH OKBMp, KOjMM Ce HOBMHapCTBO l1 IIpOMeHe KOje OH

1\0lKHBJbaBa MOry HCTpa)((lfTH y CBOjCTBy 11peTI10CTaBKe 3a CTBapalbe jaBHOCT (yrr. O<jlepxayc 2009). ÜI1IIITe BaJKehe o)lpei)HBalbe acrreKTa rrpo<jleclfje 11pHM< HJbHBO je Ha IIOpel)elba 3eMaiba H IIpeHOCiiBO Ha TpaHCHaQHOHaJIHe CTpyKTyp< Y Hape/lHOM 11ornasiby H3HeTa cy rnaBHa pa3MHIIIJbalba o KOHQemrHoBHHap

· CTBa Kao 11po<jlec1fje " perreBaHTHHM OKBHpHMa lberosor HCTpa)((lfBalba.

3.2.1 HoBHHapcTBO Kao rrpoc}lecnja

KOHl\eiiT 11po<jleCiiOHaJIH3aQiije H, C TliM y Be31i, 11IfTalbe )1a JIH je HOBHHap CTBO IIpo<jleclfja, O)IHOCHO )1a JIII HOBHHapCKH II03HB MO)((e 11a 6y11e 11po<jlecHOHa JIH30BaH, y HeMaqKoj cy 70-THX ro)IHHa 20. BeKa rrocTaJIH rrpe!lMeT IIHCKycMje · HaYJ11i o KOMyHHKaQHjH. YcKrrai)HBalbe ca KapaKTepHCTifqHifM oco6HHaMa 11po <j>eclfje lf KpHTepHjyMHMa HaBe)1eHHM y MO/lerry THI11fqHor 0/lBHjalba rrpo<jleclfj< KOII ßliJieHCKOr (1964) IIOKa3yje )Ia HOBiiHapCTBO BehliHY OC06HHa ileJIH Ca OC06H HaMa 11po<jlemja" 11a je oHo seh rrpo111rro Kpo3 HeKe <jla3e 11po<jleclfoHarrlf3a!111j<

l111aK, csol)eH>e IIOiiMalba HOBHHapCTsa Ha KJiaclfqHe 11pe)1cTaBe o 11po<jle CHjH, HCI10CTaBHJ10 Ce KaO HeyrroTpe6JbHBO, jep Ce y6p30 1\0IIIJIO ):10 Ca3Halba !la rrpeMa THM KpliTepHjyMHMa, HOBHHapCTBO He CaMO IIITO (j0111 yseK) He rrpe)1CTa Biba rrpo<j>eclfjy, Hero H3 CTPYKTYPHHX pa3rrora He MO)((e 11a liMa KapaKTepHCTHK• 11po<jleclfje. 36or 11paBHe rapaHJ1Hje crro6o)IHOr rrpHcTyl1a HOBHHapcKoM II0311B} HOBMHapCTBY He,r{OCTaje TMIIHqHa rrpo<PecHOHanHa ayTOHOMMja, Koja ce, OCMll

Ha peryrrHCalbe 11po<jlecHOHaJIHHX IIHTalba, 0/lHOCii, 11pe CBera, Ha KOHTpOrr: rrpHcTyl1a rrpo<jleclfjH rrpeKo cepTH<j>HKaTa, qlfMe o6e36el)yje MOHorrorr y rrOHYIII CUeJ1H<jllfqHiiX ycrryra (XepHHHf 2005; foTIIIaJI 1999: 640 ff). ,i1pym apryMeHT C<

0)1HOCH Ha Ca/lp)((ajHy OTOBpeHOCT HOBHHapcKe !leJiaTHOCTH H He/lOBOJbHY oco6e HOCT HOBHHapcKe KOMIIeTeHI..J;Hje. TeXHJ1KaMa lilCTpa)I(MBaH>a, IIHCaH>a H-pe;I(JffO

Bait..a Mory ,n;a OBJia,n;ajy H TaJieHTOBaHK JlaHIJ;H, HaKOH Kpcibe HJIH ,n;y:>Ke rrpaKCe

ÜCHM TOfa, HOBHHapH Ce IIO /leJiaTHOCTH He MOry 110pe/lHTH Ca 11pO<jleclijaMa, IIIT< je jo111 je)laH apryMeHT, jep ce, aa pa3JIHKY Oll cTaTyca eKc11epm rrpeMa KJIHjeHTy OHH CTarrlio o6pahajy eKcrrepTI!Ma, q11ja cy HM 3Halba 110Tpe6Ha, KaKo 61i lfx·rrp11 rrpe'1HITH 3a IIIHpoKy rry6nliKY (CaKcep 1974/75: 282; 7Iei1CHjyc 1964: 280).

l1peHe Heseprra (1998) yKa3yje Ha aHaJIHTifqKH 110TeHQiijarr KOH!1ei1Ta 11po· <fleCMOHaJIH3aiJ;Hje, KOjH je, HaKOH TOf BpeMeHa, y HCTpa)I{HBaiDy HOBHHapCTBC

cKopo rrao y- sa6opaB. Kao HayqHM aHaJIHTMqKH HHCTpyMeHT, OH crry)I(H 3<

MCTpa)((lfBalbe liH/lHBiiiiYarrHe rrpo<jlec!foHarrHe aKTHBHOCTH y IIPYIIITBeHOM > HCTOpHjCKH IIpOMeHJbHBOM KOHTeKcTy:

"IJpo<j>ecliOHaJIH3al\Hja y HOBHHapcTBy 110HMa Ce KaO rrpaBHJIHOCT rrpo<j>eCH· OHaJIHe aKTHBHOCTM y MC)l;HjCKOM· CHCTeMy, Kojy MHTeprreTMpa H HMIIJieMCH·

fo)1.ll(2010):crp.39-70

JIOl\. AHKe

~)ß;~~l-~l!!t!tro'l. ilpo-ljl•eCifOHa.nH:3ai~Hjia je cy6jeKTHBHH KopeJiaT CHCTeMCKOf i/ili···~~ja. AKO Ce HOBHHapCKH pa11 liOCMaTpa Ca acrreKTa KOHn;eiiTa !ilt,: Te•S><a'IH 11a Ce CKYII rrpaBHJia OC06eHHX CHCTeMy liOCMaTpa Kp03

t;1!11~pt.·liJ~ii'~"'"IIY"'""'or rrocTyrralha. ,[(aKrre, KaKo ce HOBHHapH y CKrrorry ·.c•.ct(il!r!ll!IJ;(aKTMBHOCTH,liOfOBOpe 3a II03HIJ;Hje H yrrore, 3a,qaTKe, ,qeJiaTHOCTH H ,.~li>ll!leTeHn;Hje y ca,qejcTsy ca ,qpymM rrpHIIa/IHHl.\HMa rro3HBa, rrpemocTasn,emrMa, Harroro,qasn;HMa, aJIH 11 ca carosopHHl.\HMa 3a HHTepsjy, HH<jJOpMaHTHMa l1 He Ha Kpajy Ca HMafHHapHOM rry6JIHKOM" [Heseprra 1998: 56f.j.

ITpeMa TOMe, CTBapalheM KOHrreriTa HOB>mapcTBa Kao rrpo<j>ecHje, H3rpaljyje ce y3ajaMHH OAHOC CHCTeMCKHX J1 aK.QHOHO-TeüpHjCKHX acrreKaTa HOBHHapCTBa.

Ey,qyim ,qa KOHn;errT rrpo<j>ecHjy cTaBJba y cpe,liHIIITe rrocMaTpalha, Moryhe je HcTpaJKHBalhe HOBHHapcKor II03HBa, 11 Kao ,qpyrrrTBeHe HHCTHTyn;Hje ca ogrosapajyliHM opraHH3al.\HjaMa H KaO HH,liHBH,qyaJIHe HOBHHapcKe aKTHBHOCTH y rrpaKcH. ITorrrTo KOHrrerrT rrpo<J>ecl1oHaJIH3aJ.1Hje ca/lplKH " )ll1MeH3Hjy rrporreca, He CaMO ga je MoryJie HCTpalKHTH caMO HOBHHapCTBO y KOHTeKCTY KOjH je APYillTBeHo rrpoMeHJI>HB, Hero "YTHrraje KojH cy ca THM y Be3H.

3.2.2 ,IJ)tJMeH3lllje HOBt-mapcTBa Kao npo<J>ecwje

CxsaTaH>e HOBHHapcTBa Kao rrpocpecHje, Kao H Iherosor KOHu;erna rrpo$eCHOHaJIH3aiJ;Mje HyAW MoryhHOCT OIUICHBalba HaCTaHKa HOBHHapcTBa H lbero

BHX rrpoMefia, KaO J1 rrpocpecHOHaJIHe aKTJiiBHOCTH y HOBHHapCTBY Ha OCHOBy

lbffOBJi:lX KapaKTepHCTJ1qHJ1X OCOÖJtiHa. 6

. ·, . HoBHHaPcTBo xao nuocbecnia-. .-- -Mep;ujcxe opraHH38:QHje: aHaJIH3a opraHHsan;Hje H ,IJ;OKyMeHaTa

• Me,qnjcKa opraHH3au;Hja

J1HCTHTyn:Hje HOBHHapcTBa • Oth!_a30BHa QP_raHH3au;Hia

• !Ipocl>ecHoHanaa ygpyJKelDa H MpeJKe Me,IJ;HiCKH aKTepH: eKcneJ>TCKH-HHTepnjyn I penpe3eHT3THBHa HCnHTHBalba

ßpo~eCHOH3ITHeaKTHBHOCTH • ITpocl>ecMoHanaa coqMjanH3aquja H IIpoq,ecHOH3ITHH CT3BOBH f • !IPOcPeCHOHanHaPYTMHa

HOBHHapCTBy • !Ipocl>ecHOHanHM pe3ymaTl1 MegKjCKK cagpJKajK: aHaJIH3e ca11plKaja

• 0ga6Mp TeMa ßpOH3BO,IJ;H HOBHHapCTBa

• !Ipe3eHTaljHja H HHTeprrpeTaqHja TeMa

,ll;HMCH3Hja rrpon:eca HOBHHapcKe rrpo~ecMoHaJIM3aQMje M IDeroBa onepau;u:onaJIM3a[(Hja

3a eMIIlirpMjCKa- MCTpaa<MBafba OB,D;e HMCf yseTM f o63Mp; yn. ÜQ:Iepxayc 2009 ..

fogum>WK <Paqnmema sa Kynmypy u Meguje

EsponcKa jaBHOCT H enporrcKo HOBHHapcTBo ... · 51

"MegHjCKe opraHH3arrl1je" o6yxsaTajy cse pa11He "rrpo<J>ecMoHarre opraHH-3alll1je y OKBHpy KojHx rrocao y CTPYrr" opraHH3yjy" cTpyKTypHpajy HOBHHapH. Ty rrpHrragajy MeiiHjcKe ycTaiwse Kao !JlTO cy TeJieBH3Hja 11 pagHo, HOBHHe HJIH "orr line"-MeiiHjH ca pegaKrrHjaMa, Kao "MalhH o6JIHrrM HHCTHTYJ.1HOHanHsosaHHX pa,li;HI1X Mpe)l(a JUUf HOBHHapCKHX 6npoa (KOHTeKCT IIQ3HBa).

I1011 "Me/IHjCKHM aKTepHMa" ce rrogpa3yMeBa rrpo<j>eCHOHaJIHa rpyrra HOBHHapa. ÜHa o6yxsaTa CBe OHe KOjH cy aKTHBHH y HOBHHapcTBy, He3aBHCHO O)l IIHTalha 3a Koje MeiiHje page, ca Koje rroKarrHje page, y KaKBOM cy pagHOM ogHocy 11 KOjH pecop rrpaTe. Mory ce pa3JIHKOBaTH TpH acrreKTa rrpo<J>ecHoHaJIHe ynore Me)<HjCKHX aKTepa: rrpo<j>ecHOHaJIHa con;HjanH3aqHja, rrpo<J>ecHoHaJIHa pyTHHa

. M rrpo<j>ecHOHaJIHH pegyJITaTH. "ITpo<J>ecHoHanna corrHjaJI!13arrHja" o6yxsaTa HcKycTsa II06HjeHa yqelheM"

pa3BOjeM, llOMoJiy KOjHX Ce JI>Y/111 y TOKY CBOf !JlKOJIOBalha IIpHIIpeMajy 3a II03HB 11 HCKycTsa Koja cTw;y y ToKy o6aBJI>alha rrpo<J>ecHje. I1ope11 HHCTHTYrrHja 3a mKOJIOBaiDe M ycaBpiiiaBafbe, Ba)I(He HHcTaHn;e sa cou;njannsan;njy npe,n;cTa

BJI>ajy rrpo<j>ecHoHaJIHe opraHHSOrrHje, Kao !JlTO cy rrpo<J>ecHOHaJIHa ygpyJKelha, rrpo<j>ecHoHaJIHe MpeJKe HJIH pagHa opraHH3arrHja. ITpeMa TOMe, rrolbe HCTpalKHBalha rrpo<j>ecHoHanHe corrHjaJIH3arrl1je ycMepeHo je Ha orrHCHBalhe corrHOgeMorpa<j>cKor rrpo<j>Hna HOBHHapa, If>Hxosor o6pa3oBalha " H>Hxose rrpo<j>eCHOHaJIHe KapHjepe. ,[(aJI>e Tpe6a y3eTH y 063i!p HCTpalKHBalhe !IpHIIa)lHOCTH aKTepa pa3JIW:!HTMM opraHHsan;HjaMa rrpo<J>ecHoHaJIHe corrHjanH3an;Hje, Kao " If>HXOB yTHrraj Ha rrpo<J>ecHoHanHy gerraTHOCT.

"llpotj>eCHOHaJIHe p)'THHe" Mory ce IIOCMaTpaTM KaO IIOCJIOBHa ,n;eJiaTHOCT, rrp11 qeMy ce crren;H<j>HqHa rrpo<j>ecHoHanHa IioMrreTeHrrHja, speMeHCKH eqmKacHo, rrpeTsapa y rrpoH3BOII HJI>I rrpo<j>ecHoHanHy ycnyry. BpeMeHCKH e<jJMKacHo s6or Tora IIITO ce OBa rrpoq.ecMoHaJIHa KOMrreTeHn;Hja, sa pasnMKY o,n; o6pasoBaH>a, CTHqe y-Be)l(6aBaiDeM 11 IIOHaBlbaiDeM, ,n;aKJie CTH:QaH.eM pyTHHe y o6asJI>alhy rrpaTKTHqHe rrpo<J>ecHoHaJIHe genaTHOCTH. CTsapalhe rrpo<J>ecHoHaJIHe PYTHHe ·noqufbe o,n; MOMeHTa Ka,n;a HacTaHe c.Pasa CTBapalba HaBHKa J1I HaCTaBlba ce KaO KOHTHHyHpaH, IIO.TfHIJ;HjallHO rrpoMeHJbHB rrpou;ec Ca yselialheM pa11nor HcKycTsa y rrpo<J>ecHoHanHoj csaKO)<HeBHrrH.

lilcTpalKHBaqKo rroJI>e rrpo<j>ecHoHaJIHe PYTHHe HMa 3a J.1l1Th peKoHcTpyK!1Hjy KapaKTepHcTHqHHX HOBHHapcKHX cTpyKTypa rrocTyrralha. ÜHO Tpe6a ga ga HH<j>opMan;Hjy o pa3JI1fqHTHM eTarraMa Me)<HjCKOr rrpo11eca cTsapaiM. lifg Ihera Tpe6a ga rrpoHcTeKHY oco6HHe y orrxoljelhy ca pasrrHqHTHM rrpo<j>ecHoHaJIHHM rpyrraMa, KaO !JlTO cy IIOCJIO)laBrrH, KOnere, KOpHCHHIJ;H pegyrrTaTa pa11a.

"IJpo<j>eCHOHaJIHH pe3yJITaTl1" CTaBJI>ajy y cpegH!JlTe !IOCMaTpalha rrpOH3-BO,ll; rrpo$ecHOHaJIHe ,n;enaTHOCTM :vr cxBaTafha Koja JarrocJieHH y TY cnpxy pa3-BHjajy. ITpo<J>ecHoHaJIHH pe3ymaT je acrreKT rrpo<j>eCHje, KojH rroqHsa na crrerrH<j>HqHoj KOMIIeTeHrrHjH l1 IIOcegyje spe/IHOCT pa3MeHe. ,[(e<j>HHHJ.1Hja BpO/IHOCTH pasMeHe npoMCTJ1qe J13 rrpHnMCHBafba pa,n;Hor yqMHKa, Koje, c je,n;He cTpaHe,

fog. I! (2010): CTp. 39-70

52 ).lo11. IIP AnKe O<j>epxayc

rrpe,n;cTaBJba O~eHy KüpHCHHKa H IIOBepelba Ca KOjHMa C~ OH O,ll;HOCH npeMa KBa

JII1TeTy rrpocj>ec110HarrHor pa11a. C 11pyre cTpaHe, oHa Je 11HTepHa CTBap rrpocj>ecl1je, jep rrocTaBJI.a cTaH/Iaplle 3a pa/IHM Y'<I1HaK 11 lberosy ol.\eHy. Kp11Tepl1jyM11 3arrocrreHI1X 3a oqeHy csor rrpocj>ecl1oHaJIHOf Y'<11HKa 3aCHOBaHM cy Ha rro11Malby npocj>ec11je, O/IHOCHO npocj>ecMoHaJIHOM eTocy, xao 11 Ha 3axreBMMa y norrre11y KBaJII1TeTa !bi1XOB0f npOM3BO/Ia 111111 lbi1XOBe ycrryre, KOJe cy caMI1 cj>opMyrrl1ca1111. Y 11CTpalKI1Ba'!KOj o6rracTI1 npocj>ecMOHaJIHI1X pe3yJITaTa rpe6a yTBp/II1TM KaKBO CXBaTalbe npocj>ec11je 11e11e HOBI1HapM. )laJhe ce nOCTaBJha ni1Talhe, y KOjoj MepM OHM cBojy rpyny noCMaTpaJy M /lecj>HH11IIIY HOpMaTI1BHO IIO)KflbHf KapaKTepHCKe ,n;enaTHOCTH y rrpou;ecy pap;a H KapaKTepHCTHKf KBaJIH-

TeTa H3BeniTaBalba. · ca11plKaj11 Melll1ji' ce O/IHoce rra pellaKI.\11jcKe np11rrore rroa11rrapa. 06yxaa

Tajy ~püH3BO,IJ; HOBHHapcKe p;eJiaTHOCTH, a THMf M CBe OÖjaBJbeH_e TeMe, He3aB~CH0 O/llbi1XOBI1X HOBI1HapCKI1X cj>opM11. Ü/IJIY'<Yjyna nMTalba 0 Me/111JCKI1M Ca~p;xaJI1Ma cy, xoje reMe ce 6Mpajy M Ha xoj11 Ha'!I1H ce npe3eHTYJY M 11HTepnper11paJY·

ÜBO ,D;HM_eH3HOHHpaae HOBHHapcTBa OMoryfiaBa KOMIIJICKCHO HCTpa)K~Balbe pa3JIHlJMTHX acrreKaTa, KOpHcTehM BMIIIe MfTO,D;a, KaO M CMCTeMaTH3ai.J;J·l)f

pe3yJITaTa 113 ynope/IHOr 11crpalK11Balba noje/111Ha'<H11X acrrexara. Oc11M rora, Mory ce y3erH y o6311p Hoiml!apcxe npocj>ec11oHaJIHe crpyKType 11HCTI1TYlll1-oHaJIHe apere (no3HB xao 11HCTI1TYI.\Mja) M npocj>ecl1oHarrHe pa11He crpyKType n npocj>eci10HaJIHI1 MOT11BI1 11H/111BI111YaJIHe spcre (II0311B KaO npaxca).

Yxorri1KO ce pe311MMpajy pa3MI1IIIJI.alba 113 npeTXO/IHI1X nacyca, 3a pa3JIH.KOBHY aHaJIH3Y eBpOIICKOf HOBHHapcTBa KaO npeTIIOCTaBKf CTBapalba eBporr

CKe jaBHOCTI1, rpe6a y Ha'!erry o6jacHMTH. crre11ehe O/IHoce: • 11ecj>11H111.\11ja pecj>epeHrHor rrpocropa, . • 11ecj>11H111.\11ja npasqa pa3Boja, 11 • 11ecj>HHI11.\H.ja 11 nMeH3nja HOBI1Hapcraa xoje cy penesarrrrre 3a

HCTpa)KHBalha.

Oaaj pecj>eperrrrr11 oxa11p '<11HI1 ocrrosy aa cncreMaTI13al.\11jy /IOCallaiii!bi1X pe3yJITaTa esponcxo-xoMnapaT11BHHX" rpaHcHaql1oHarrHo-esponcx~,x ncrpalKnBalba 11 3a 11alhy KOHI.\eiiTyarrl13al.\11jy nojMa ,.eaporrcxo HOB11Hapcrso . By11yhn

11a cy pe3yJITarn 11rrreprrnx nopel:)e!ba y EaporrH 110 ca11a 6Mrrn paq110HaJIHI1, Y Hape,n;HOM TfKCTf )KfJIMM .n;a IIOCBCTHM IIa)KlbY pa3JI}fqJ1TMM eKCIIepHMeHTaJlHMM

IlOJbHMa eBpOITCKOf HOBHHapcTBa. ÜHa Ce O,ll;HOCe Ha je,ll;Hy 0,11; rrpep;cTaBJbeHHX

/IMMea311ja n salKe xao erreMeHrapHe je!IH.HHI.\e esponcxor HOBH.Hapcraa.

HHBO Me,D;HjCKJiiX ca,D;p)l(aja qM:HH ,D;eO uayKe 0 KOMfHKKal(MjJ.f H. Me,D;KjJ.:tMa, KOja Y Me~y· BpeMe.uy Mo)Ke ,D;a ~pHKa)Ke 6pojue auanvr3e y cBeTJIY ,D;KCKfCMJe o uacTaHKY euponcKe

jaBHOCTJ.f.

foguuuvaK <PaKyniü.eUia Ja Kyniilypy u Meguje

EBporrcKa jaBHOCT H eBponcKo HOBHHaPcTBO ... 53

3.3 EKcilepuMmiüanna ilolba eBpoilcKO! HOBUNapciüBa

ÜCHM ca3Halba H3 eBpOITCKO-KOMIIapaTMBHHX HCTpa)KJ1Balba HÜBHHapCTBa,

!JOCTOjH. 'IMTaB HH3 cry1111ja Koje y cj>oKyc HCTpalKI1Balba CTaBJhajy rpaHCHal.\11-0HaJIHO-eBponCKe. crpyxrype HOBMHapcrBa. TpaHcHaqnoHaJIHI1 o6pa30BHH npojeKTI1 H rpaHcHal.\110Harrrrn Me1111jH Mory ce cxaaTHTI1 xao excnep11MeHTaJIHa noJna esponcxor HOBMHapcraa, jep cy noy'<H11 3a OllHOC npeMa Haqno.nam1M pa3RHKaMa H OTKpl1Bajy Moryh.HOCTJ1 J1 TeliiKOfie HOBHHapcKe capap;lbe 1''t3BaH aarvn:~aarrHHX rpaaHu;a.

Y o6rrHKY H3Bennaja ca JIHu;a MecTa, cTy,u;Hje o CTBapaH>y enponcKor HOBHHapcrsa 11ajy ya1111 y pa3aoj H peanM3al.\Hjy eaponcxnx o6pa30BHI1X npojeKara otrrporpaMa (Konep 1993; 2001b; 2001a; 2003). Ilp11Mep 3a roje rrporpaM Espopenoprep, y OKBH.py KOjer cy Ha CTOTI1He MJia/111X HOBI1Hapa 11HI11.\Hparrl1 6pojHe csponcxe npojexre 3a pa11116, rerreBI1311jy 11 HOBI1He. 011 1988. 110 2000. ro1111He tino je Hajuo3HaTI1jH o6pa30BHI1 nporpaM,_ xoop/IH.H11paH 011 crpaHe European ]ournalism Training Assodalion (EJTA), a cj>11aaHc11pao ce 113 cpe/ICT'!Ba Esponcre YHI1je, Hal.\110HarrHnx srra11a H npnBaTHMX Hal.\MOHaJIHI1X H MYJITI1Hal.\110-"•'1Hnx npe11y3eha. ÜB/Ie rpe6a 11• ce 3a)e!IHI1'1KHM pa/IoM y MYJITHHal.\110Harrl!Oj pe/laKql1jl1 M O/lfOBapajyhoj 11CTpalK11Ba'!KOj rpyn11 Y'<l1 je311'!Ka KOMnereHQHja 11. CllOC06HOCT 3a 11HTepKyrrrypH11 TI1MCK11 pa/1, KaO 11 11a Ce yqecHI11.\11Ma 11a ~1SJ.i~ y pa3JißqHTe Me,qHjCKe CJ1CTeMe H HOBHHapcKH aaqJ:IH pap;a. J13BeiiiTajH 0 ;w.>K11BlheHoM yxa3yjy Ha ocHoBHe noreiiixohe rpaHcHal.\110HarrHe capa11lbe. Ben *•o yqeHI11.\11, MJia/111 HOB11Hap11 noHecy ca co6oM raKBY yne'!aTJhi1BY aap11jaHry

L ',JmJ:m1T'I>Ior arrara 11 cxaaTalba HOBI1HapcKor pa11a, crreq11cj>11'!HHX 3a O/lpel:)eHy p;a HX je HeMoryfie HMIIJieMeHTHpaTH y 3aje)J;HlfqKe HOßHHapcKe ca,n;p

TOfa, MexHaMapa (1993) je noCTI13albeM KOHCeH3yca y rpaHCHaqH) ::::~~J:r:~p;~y;~UH KOHCTaTOBaO reH/IeHql1jy Ka noje/IHOCTaBlhelby 11 nospiiiHOCTH ! ca/lplKaja.

HayqHa xoHqenqnja 11 eaarrya1111ja oaaKBI1X nporpaMa, Mory ce ryMa'!I1TI1 3Hal.\11 upsnx noKyiiiaja 11HCTI1TYI.\110HaJIH3al.\11je Harpalllbe esponcxor

j ;::~:::~:~:.:: ÜH11 cy 11eo 0'!11fJie!IHO 3anoqere xop1130HTarrHe eapoueM3al.\Hje j;: MH<j>pacrpyxrype, y Kojoj npocj>ecop lKYPHaJIHCTI1Ke Illrecj>aH Pyc-

BI1/111 Mepy 3a eBpOnCKO HOBI1HapCTBO, Koja o6e36el:)yje KBaJII1TeT 11 0/1 >w;pe<YII'"or je 3Ha'<aja:

"The second challenge is to create layers of European Journalism infrastructure: Trade unions, employers, editors, media watchdogs and communication scientists, journalism schools and midcareer actors - they all have already built some European networks" (Pyc-Morr 2003: 213; yrr. 11

. Pyc-Morr 2000: 135).

54 )1oQ. AP AHKe O<j>epxayc

MaHa OBHX CTYAHja ce cacrojH y T9Me mro, Hajqemhe, HHcy sesaHe sa IIIHpH

MCTpalKMßaqKM KOHTeKCT. TaKO, Ha np11Mep, He TpeT11pajy TII1Talba y Kojoj Mep11 anconBeHTI1 oBaKBI1X Haqi1Ha o6pasoBalba, npojeKaTa capa11lbe 11n11 nporpaMa sa ycaBpmaaalbe KacHI1je sa11cTa pa11e sa eBponcKe Me1111je 11n11 sa Me1111je 'Y seMJhl1 Ol\aKJie ITOTI1qy, ):\aKJie, )ja 1111 ce, ynpKOC aKTyenHI1M TIOTeiiiKOnaMa y 11HTepKy~rypHOj capalllbl1, OIIBI1jajy npo11ec11 yqelba 11 np11narol)aaalba, KOJI1 oMoryhaBa)y M0611nHOCT HOB11Hapa Ha peanHoM Me1111jCKOM TPlKI1mTy 11n11 KOjl1 IIOBOAe 110 np11Jiarol)aBalba TI1TIOBa HOB11HapcKOf pa~ja? ÜBije HeiiOCTajy KOHTI1Hy11paHe 11 CMCTeMaTCKe aHal1M3e pa3BOja Ha HOBMHapCKOM o6pa30BHOM TplK1111ITy.

TpaHCHaliMOHaJIHM Me)111jM cy, HacynpoT TOMe, 6oJhe MCTpalKeHI1, jep je lbHXOB IIOTeHI.J;HjaiT joiii y Be3J1 Ca p;HCKycHjOM 0 HaCTaHKY espOIICKe JaBHOCTH

6110 y IjeHTpy IIOCMaTpalba (Kana6H 2009; 2005; 2000). qaK H aKO Ce Y CBemy QBJIIX qJULeHHI.J;a MHOfH espoiTCKH Me,D;HjCKlil rrpojeKTH, s6or crra6HX npo,n;aJHHX MorynHOCTH CMaTpajy HeycneJIHM, Mapr>!Hal1HI1M HJIM rrpeBI111Ie CIIeliH<jJ11qH11M sa eaporrcKy jaBHOCT Kao QHJhHY rpyrry, y HajMalby pyKy HnycTpyjy KaKO M IIOI\ KOjMM ycnOBHMa HaCTajy TpaHCHaljMOHal1HI1 MeiiHjCKM Ca)1plKajH. ÜHM IIOKasyjy KaKO capal)yjy HOBI1HapH pasnHqMTHX Ha1111ja H Ca KaKBHM Ce rrpo6neMMMa IIpM TOM MOpajy XBaTaTH y KOIIITall. .

Y o6nacTH noJIHTHqKor HsBeiUrasalba sa TerresHsHjy ,lJ;OKasao ce HH~OpMa~ THBHM KaHaJl Euronews KOjM je OCHOBaH 1993. f01ji1He M qHje eMHCMje cy TOBaHe y rroqeTKY Ha neT, a ca11a Ha celjaM jesMKa ( o pasaojy H . . Euronews yn. BesHe/MapKeTH 2006; Max11n 1998). Maxun (1998) y cBOJOJ aHa-' JUISH MYJITHHan;HoHanHor HOBHHapcTsa ;qoKyMeHTyje cyUITHHCK~ pasrrMKe HOBHHapcKOM HaqHHy paAa y pasnHqHTHM cpasaMa Hspap;e, Koje ,n;oso,n;e ,n;o 4-ITHKTa npH o6JIHKOBaH>y nporpaMa. ÜH TJ1IIH3Hpa "Hüpp;HjCKO KOjeM. IIpiHIHCyje 6pJotTaHCKH H HeMa'lfKJ1 Ha'lfMH IIpHKa3H,~alb~, HHTeH3MBaH

rrorne11y MH<jlopMaljl1ja M "Melji1TepaHCKO HOBI1HapcTBO KOJe HapaTI1BHI1 CTMJl H ljMHaMMqHa npeseHTaQMja M y KOMe ce He pasq>aElM,<aBajy ql1lbeHHije 0)1 l111qHI1X KOMeHTapa. 3acTyrrajy ra HOBHHapH H3 <l>paHIIYCKe, HMje Ji1 J!ITaJIHje. BHTHMje OA o6eJie)l(aßalba pa3JIHKa je ITHTalbe, 'KaKO HOBHHa]>U opraHHsyjy 113pap;y BeCTH Ha pa1111jy HJIH TeJieBM3HjM 11 KOja cpep;CTBa l1 rrpoHanase, 11a 6H Ce 0)1HOCHJ111 rrpeMa pa3l1Mqi1THM KYJITypaMa HOB>!HapcTB~ 11 11• 611 HCTe YKJIOIII1l1H y rrpo11ec Hspap;e. EesHe/MapqeTM (2006) rroK. asJrjy cy HOB11Hap11 Kaflana Euronews Mopanu 11• Hayqe 11a y CBOJe M3BemTaJe He BJhajy cyBI1llie eKCIIJIHIIHTHH Halii10Hal1HM KOHTeKCT M npe CBera 11a He KO]p>!(:11 H)\HOMaTCKe H3pa3e KOjl1 Ce y CBI1M SeMJhaMa He Mory pasyMeTH. ÜCI1M eTHorpa<jlcKa cTyp;l1ja rroKasyje p;a ce Ha KaHany Euronews sanomJhasajy

p11TeTHO MnaiiH anconaeHTM, Koju HeMajy.HcKycTBa y CTPYI1" Ha H~:~:.~·:.~ Me11Mji1Ma, TaKo 11• ce y rrorne11y HOBI1HapcKe Kymype Mory naKo c •

)oiii je)1aH IIpHMep TpaHOHaliHOHaJlHOf Me)\11jCKOf TipOjeKTa je HeJMa•ID) q,paHIIYCKH KaHarr sa Kymypy ARTE, Kojn je 30. Maja 1992. rOIIHHe rroqeo

fogutU1baK 3a KYILillypy u

EnponcKa jaBHOCT H enponcKo HOBI1HapcTBO ... 55

eMMTOBalbeM (o pasaojy 11 opraHH3aQHjl1 KaHana ARTE, yn. PoTeH6eprep 2008; ::-•H 1997). ARTE Je rrpeKo caTeni1Ta Ml111 Ka6rroacKe rerrea11suje 11ocTyrraH y t>pDJHHM eBponcKM~ AOManMHCTBI1Ma. Y HeMaqKoj " <l>paH11ycKoj osaj KynTYPHI1 KaHan Ca CBOJHM rrporpaMOM HeljeJhHO MMa rrrep;aHOCT y rrpoceKy 12,3 Ml!lli10Ha rnep;anaQa, y ocTal111M p;enoBMMa Esporre 11 CesepHoj A<jlp111111 15 7 · MHJIHOHa. XaH (1997) je, 113Mel)y ocTanor, Ha rrp11Mepy 11H<\>opMaTI1BHe eMHCHJe. ~tasana ARTE 11CTpalKI1Bao CTHnose KOMYHMKaQuje HeMaqK11X " q,paHIWCKHX :oBMHapa KOjl1 cy rrocJieAI1lla KynTypHor YTI1Qaja. ITonap113a1111joM pasnl1-

. -:,HTMX ~ymypa, Kao IIITO Je ,Low-Context Culture' HacnpaM ,High Context ::Ulture, KO)" Je rro MH<jlopMaQM)aMa HHTeH311BHI1ja, XaH p;onas11 p;o pesyrrTaTa ;[';l.KO IIITO IIpaBH pa3JIHKY H3Me~y HeMaTfKOf CTHJia, KOjH pa3p;Baja paiJ;J:IOHaJIHO

--~"TpaJIHH Op; JIHTfHOf KOMeHTapa, H cppaHIJ;fCKOf CTMJia, y KOMe ,ll;OMHHMpajy

. .J~;li~:Ha rroro~eHOCT H H3BeiiiTaBalbe ca eMOTHBHHM Ha6ojeM. KaKBe nocneAn:u;e

.• , •iO!l<IKolB Ha'lfHH pa,n;a H II.pHKa3HBalba HMa 3a· 'ITOHMalbe HOBJiiHapa Jf 3a KaHaJI,

Ce pa3JIH'lfHTJ1 CTHJIOBH KOMyHHKa:qHje ypep;HH't{KOM IIOJIHTHKOM CBeCHO

;'!)'B:>iY 11l1M cy ce TOKOM BpeMeHa op;a11jan11 rrpoQecu npHnarol)aBalba, He rrpo-""'"a'"' H3 XaHoBe CTYI\Hje. 11aKo ce caMo nocpep;Ho 6as11 11HTepKynTypH11M i<JlOL(eCI1MaMel)y HOBMHapMMa 11 rrnaHep11Ma rrporpaMa, aKTyerrHa PoTeH6ep

CTYIIMJ" (2008) MolKe, Ha ocHoBy pasBoja rrporpaMa KaHana ARTE, p;a rrpoMeHe y rrorne11y pasn11qHTor cxBaTalba Kymype, crreQH<jJHqHor sa

ep;J~saqJ~Y seMJhY H rrpHnarol)aaalbe rrporpaMcKMX CTPYKTypa pasnMqHTI1M . HaBMKaMa rry6nMKe, crreQ11<jJI1qH11M 3a HeKy seMJhy. . Euronews M ARTE cy rroyqHH rrpHMepn rpaHcHaQHOHanHor HOBI1Hapcrsa.

pa3BOJa OpraHI13aljHOHHX CTpyKTypa, IIporpaMCKMX Ca)1p>Kaja M rry6nH~e,_ IIOKa3YJY ce, C JeAHe cTpaHe;- KapaKTepHCTHKe TpaHcHa

Me)111JCKOf CTBapaaa H, C /1pyre CTpaHe, yrrynyje Ha rrpeTIIOCTaBKe IXI!aTJh>~IBO•CTM TpaHcHaQ110HanHe Mep;ujcKe noHyAe. 06a KaHana cy Ha

<\>YKIIHOHMcana y CBeTny MaCMBHI1X KynTypH11X pa3JlMKa y Haq11Hy capap;HMKa M rrpeseHTaQMje HOBMHapcKI1X cap;plKaja. 11naK,

cy ce ,n;oKa3ana H Hayqnna KaKo p;a ce Hoce ca noTeii.IKohaMa. EKc-

"c'·"c". H>C Ca TpaHCHaljHOHaJIHHM HOBI1HapCTBOM IIOCe6HO je OMoryneHO IIITO je y o6a cnyqap Malbe npHCYTHO 11H<jlopMMCalbe ny6rrHKe, y OIIHOcy,

~;~~;~~::1~~B::OJh::y " <\>HHaHCI1JCKe pecypce Koje je EsporrcKa y1111ja cTaBnna

~ y Epuceny Mory ce cxaaTMTI1· Kao Tpehe eKcrrep11M~HIIOJhe, Y KOMe cy Ce IIOTeHIIMjaJIHO CKYTIHJlM HOBI1HapM >!3 CBI1X eBpon-

. . 36or TaMOIIIH>HX ycnosa pap;a, KOjl1 he y Hapep;HOM rrornaaJhy . o6JamlbeHM, HeKI1 McTpalK11Baqu cMaTpajy MoryhuM 11• ce, JeljMHCTBeHHX ycnoBa palja TeCHOM capaljlbOM, yMpelKaBalbeM Ml111

~;~~~'~:.~~ TOKOBa npo<jleci10HanHor pap;a H cxsaTalba, HsrpaAH cTpYK-,:~ HOBHHapCTBa.

56 ,l1oq. ApAHKe O<j>epxayc·

4. HOBMHAPCKA JIABOPATOPMJA Y BPMCEJIY

Jip>!cen, Kao MeCTO y KOMe ,llaHaC 6opaBH rrpeKO 1000 aKpe,liHTOBaHHX HOBHHapa, TpeHyTHO, rrope,11 ßalliHHfTOHa, rrpe,liCTaBJba HajBdlH Mel)yHapö,liHH

HOBHHapcKH I(eHTap y cBeTy. l1 rrope,ll orrmTe KpH3e y rrpo11ecy esporrcKHX WHTerpaiJ;J1ja H CBaKO,IJ;HCBHKX )l(aiT6H Ha HC,D;OCTaTaK jaBHOCTJil M rrerHTMMHOCTH

EsporrcKe ya>~je, 011 Kpaja ocaMIIeceTHX ro11>1Ha nasenaHa je HHTepecosaH.e 3a H3BemTaBaH.e 0 eBpOIICKOj IIO/IHTHI(H. Y CK/Ially ca TOM CHTya!1HjOM 3HaTH0 cy ce rrpoMeHHllH ycnoBH pa11a H paAHa pynma IIOIIHCHHKa y JipHceny. 36or HH3a KapaKTepHCTJtf'lHJriX o6eJie}l(ja OBOf ,IJ;OIIMCHHqKQf MCCTa,_ OHO MO)l(e ,rt;a Ce OKa

paKTepHme Kao "TpaHcHai(HOHanHa HOBHHapcKa na6opaTopHja". J111eHTH'IHH paiiHH ycnOBH, KOjH Ce TH'<Y HCTOf HH<jlOpMai(HOHOf HHIIyTa H

HCTHX H3BOpa HH<jlOpMai(Hja, y KOjHMa paiiH HOBHHapCKH KOprryc, CaCTaBJbeH 011 rrpe,llcTaBHHKa pa31IH'<HTHX Hai(Hja Ha BeoMa ycKoM rrpoCTopy y EsporrcKOJ 'ieTBpTH, MOrJIH 6H OMorynHTH ,!Ia Ce y OBOM MHKpOKOCMOCy, Mel)y IIOIIHCHHI(HMa, CTBope cTpyKType esporrcKor HOBHHapcTBa, KOje 6H 11albe OTBapane rryT 3a cTBapaH.e esporrcKe jaBHOCTH. I1ope11 yjeAHa'<aBaH.a pa11He ~PYTHHe HllH <jlopMHpaH.a crrei(H<jlH'<HOf HOBHHapcKOf IIOHMaH.a, y TpaHCHai(HOHallHOM yMpe)l(aBaEDy ,IJ;OIIHCHMKa H y OTBapalby f:BpüiiCKC nepCIIfKTHBC y lbHXOBOM l13BeillTa

Ba:fhy MO)Ke HaCTaTH H HOBH HH,lJ;MKaTOp eBpüiiCKOf HOBHHapCTBa.

Cne,n;eha aHaJIH3a op;HOCM ce Ha rrocnep;lba ,n;sa acrreKTa KOjH cy Hase,n;eHJil. EMrrHp>~jcKy ocHosy '<HHe pe3yllTaTH aHaJIH3e, KojoM je o6yxsaneHa opraHH-3an;Hja M ,rt;OKfMCHTaiJ,Hja, KaO H KBaJIVt:TaTMBHM Ca)l(eTH JIIHTepsjyH Ca HeMal.J

KHM HOBHHapHMa Kojn ce 6ase EsporrcKOM yHHjoM. Pe3ynaTaTH cy II06HjeHH y OKBHPY HCTpa>I<HBaH.a KOje ce OllHOCHliD Ha rrpo<jlecHOHa/IH3ai(Mjy HeMa'<KOr HOBHHapcTBa y se3H ca EsporrcKOM YHHjOM (Herr. O<jlepxayc 2009). ,[(a 6H ce HH<jlopMai(HjaMa Koje ce 1106>1jy H3 HHTepsjya o6yxsaTHO m'ro mHpH crreKmp HOBHHapcKor pa11a, H3a6paHH cy HOBHHapH H3 I(enoKyrrHor MeiiMjcKOr rrpoc-, Tapa, pa31IH'<HTHX3allylKeH.a, pa31IH'<HTe reHepai(Hje H pa3nH'<HTOr rrona. ):Ia 6H ce mTo 6olbe Morao carne11aTH rrpo11ec o6pa11e BeCTH y H3BemTaBaH.y o EBporrCKOj YHHjH, IIOIIaTHO cy HCIIHTaHH ype11HH11H KojH cy HallnelKHH 3a H3Bemm

BaH.e o EBporrcKoj YHHjH. KapaKTepHCTHKe IIOIIHCHH'iKOr MeCTa KOje cy HaBe/IM HOBHHapH, IIpHH

:QHIIMjenHO cy 6JIHCKe ycJIOBHMa TpaHCHa:QMOHaJIHOf 110Bf3MB-alba. 36or KOM

ÜJleKCHOCiüU üpegMeiüa U3Beutiüaaalba IIOIIHCHHI(H y Jip>!celly cy, HapO'iHTO Ha IIO'ieTKy, 6HllH yrryneHH Ha 3HaH.e H IIOMOn MHOrHX aKTepa, ,!Ia 6H IIOIIpllH 110 KOMIIlleKCHHX H HeTpaHCIIapeHTHHX l<H<jlopMai(Hja. Y TOM rrepl<OIIY IIOce6HO 3Ha'<ajHe 6Hlle cy KOllere Koje HMajy HCKYCTBa y lipHcelly, 11a 6H ce Y3 H.HXOBY IIOMOn lliTO je Moryne 6plKe CXBaTHO THIIH'iaH Ha'iHH pa11a y IIOllHTH'iKOM rrpo11ecy " 11a 6H ce pa3BHO ocenaj 3a 3Ha'<aj " IIOMeT rrollHTH'IKHX 110ral)ap. ÜCHM Tara, OÖU!be U3Bopa UHc{!OpMau,uja, KOjHMa Ce IIOIIHCHHI(H CllylKe y CBOM

foguzulvmc cf>aKym..uema Ja Kynmypy u Meguje

EBpOIICKa jaBHOCT H eBpOIICKO HOBHHapcTBO ... s:

H3BelliTaBaH.y H ca KojuMa OHM ycrrocraBJbajy KORTaKTe Ha cpell"'" "IIYJKH poK TlUIH'<Hif cy 3a Epucen. BalKHif H3BOpH HH<jlopMai(nja HHcy caMo TpH HHCTH· TYI1Hje EBprrcKe ya>~je ca H.HXOBHM rroJIHTH'iKHM rrpeiiCTaBHHI(HMa" capaiiHH~ ll,HMa y yrrpaBH, Hero cy TO y Mel)yaf'eMeHy IIOCTallH H MHOro6pojHH ll06HCT> 11 HHTepecHa YIIPYlKeH.a, Kao H Ben rroMeHYTe Kollere. 3Ha'<ajHa je " U11iüep11a· loiUOHallHOCiü aKiüepa. Ü,ll 2007. rO)IHHe y IIpOI(ecy IIOJIHTH'iKOr OllllY'<HBaH.a yqecTByje 27 3eMaJba, TaKo 11a cy 3acTyrrJbeHH aKTepH H3 cBHX H.HX. KoHa'iHO, 3Ha'iajHO je H U,eHiüpMU30Balbe pag110t Meciüa. Y eBpOIICKOj 'ieTBpTH JipHCella Hana3e ce HHCTHTYI1Hje EBprrcKe YHHje: IIapllaMeHT, CaBeT" KoMHcHja, HOBHnapcKe KaHI(ellapHje, Koje cy CMemTeHe y Mel)yHapOIIHOM rrpec I(eHTPY H y Pe3H/10HI(HjallHOj nallaTH, Kao " MHOro6pojHe Ka<jlaHe IIO KOjHx ce MOlKe IIOnH !IflliKe. !13 Tara Ce MOlKe 3aKJbY'<HTH 11a Ce IIOIIHCHHI(H CTa/IHO cycpeny, 6Hll0 'TO Ha KOH<jlepeHI(HjaMa 3a lliTaMrry, Ha IIOllHTH'iKHM MaHH<jlecTai(HjaMa KOje Ce o)lplKaBajy yseqe HllH jeiiHOCTaBHo cny'<ajHo. YrrpaBo TaKBH ycllOBH rrpflKajy !IpHIIliKY 3a TpaHCHai(HOHallHY pa3MeHy H 'iHHe je HeOIIXOIIHOM.

MHore aHallH3e callplKaja IIOTBpl)yjy 11a ce TpaHCHai(HOHallHa pa3MeHa He o,llpalKaBa ayTOMaTCKH Kp03 eBpOIICKY rrepcrreKTHBY y MeiiHjCKOM H3BelliTaBa!by. Tyje 011 rroMOnH yBHII yycllOBe HaCTaHKa HOBHHapcTBa EBprrcKe YHHje. ;Lia 6H ce o6jacHHJia Hau;HoHanHa rrepcrreKTHBa y H3BeniTaBaay o EBprrcKoj YHHjH, noTpe6Ho je pa3JIHKOBaTH IIBe /IHMeH3Hje, Koje ce ™"Y 011pel)eHHX yclloBa pa11a 11 OllroBapajyne HOBHHapcKe opujeHTaQHje IIOIIHCHHKa H3 EY: YcnoBH pa11a 3a /IOIIHCHHKe y JipHCelly KaO COU,UjallHO-CiüpyKiüypHa üpUllUKa iüpaHCHaU,UOHMHe pa3MeHe (4.1) H YCIIOBH pa11a IIOIIHCHHKa y OIIHOcy Ha pe)laKI(Hje KOII Kyne KaO MegujcKo-ciüpyKiüyplla peciüpuKu,uja iüpallCilau,uollanHof üpeHoca uHcßopMa"uja (4.2). !13 TOra Hacnjy üpocßecuollallHe ciüpaiüefuje paga goüucHuKa (4.3). Y cne11enHM rrornaBJbHMa 6aBHneMo ce ca osa TPH acrreKTa.

4.1 Ycnoau paga y Bpuceny

Y rrome11y yclloBa paga y Epuceny OA 3Ha'<aja cy gsa acrreKTa: KOHTHHYHpaHo yBenaH.e HOBHHapcKor Koprryca " naBenaHa KOHKypeHI(Hja 3a BecTH >13 EBporrcKe YHHje. Clle11ena rpa<jluKa rroKa3yje 11a ce HOBHHapcKH Koprryc y Olla-6paHOM BpeMeHCKOM rrepHOIIY KOHTHHyHpaHO yBenaBaO. ):lOK je cpeiiHHOM OCaMIIeCeTHX fOIIHHa y JipHCelly 6Hll0 aKpeiiHTOBaHO jeiiBa 500 IIOIIHCHHKa, llaHaC l!X rrpeKO 1000.

KoHTHHYHpaHO rroBenaH.e 6poja HOBHHapa aKpeiiHTOBaHHX y Jip>!Celly Ben JtYlKH BpeMeHCKH rrepHOII MOlKe Ce o6jaCHHTH pa3llH'iHTHM KpytOBUMQ üpoUlUpelba EBporrcKe YHHje, 1986. (rrpomHpeH.e Ha jyr), 1995. (rrpomHpeH.e Ha ceBep), 2004. (rrpomHpeH.e Ha HCTOK), Kao " rrpom>~peH.e 2007. rOIIHHe Ha 27 3eMaTha. 3HaqajHH Mep;HjH H3 CKüpO CBHX HOBHX 3eMaJba-qJiaHßu;a IIOCJiaJIH cy CBOje IIOIIHCHHKe y Jip>!Cell rOIIHHY HllH ,liBe fO,!IHHe rrpe rrpHIIPYlKHBaH.a CBOje

fo)l. li (2010): CTp. 39-70

-~ _I

58 }J;olj. IIP AHKe O<j>epxayc

3eMJbe EsporrcKoj YHHj>L OcHM Tara, nosehaae 6poja HOBHHapa MO)I(e ce o6jacHHTH J1 aoctueileHUM upogy57bUBa'fbeM EspOIICKe YHHje s6or llOTIIVICHBalba yroBOpa: MaCTpHXT (1992), AMcTepe)laM (1997) H Hl1l:ja (2001). IIoce6Ho je yrosop H3 MacTpHxTa o EsponcKoj yanju 6vm noBO,ll;, Ha npHMep 3a MHore HeMaqKe

peJ1aKqHje, 11a nomaJby csoje J10IIHCHHKe y Epucerr, OJ1HOCHO 11a IIpomupe seh noCTojehe pe)laKqllje.

1200

,---------· ·-·-·--1 Norden,-~elrerur·;g . ----

400 t--ft----"{ __ ~(-:_:~·~}c__j---:------jf·- Osto2:~\:J~i6:)run;j -[-~--~~

! I I I

~~~~~~*~~~~~&&~~&~~0~~ ~~~~00000000~~~~~~~~~~

Jf3aop: 1976, 1986 (PejMejKepc H AP· 2007); 1990-2002 (Majep 2002); 2003-2009 COUCTBeHa

aHKeTa (EBpncKa KOMJ.t:CJ.t:ja)

Ha rrpHMepy cacTaHaKa Ha spxy M Ha MMHMCTapcKoM HHBOY :.;:rocTaje

jaCHO, KaKaB fTHIJ;aj HMa BeliJIIqJ1:Ha HOBHHapCKOf Küprryca Ha capa,qiDy HOBMHapa. CycpeTH Ha spxy cy noso,q Ja H3BeiiiTaBalbe o esponcKMM TeMaMa, Koje Me,D;MjCKH rrpaTe HOBMHapu H3 csux JeMaJba qnaauu;a EY. KapaKTepHCTMqHo je )Ia ce jom yseK cycpeTH EsponcKor caseTa H MIIHHCTapcxor casen O)IBI!jajy 113a 3aTBOpeHJ1X BpaTa . .[(aKJie, HOBJ1Hapi!Ma Hl1je OMoryfieHO 11a qyjy CTaBOBe nojeJ11!HI1X npeJ1CeJ1HI1Ka srra11a 11 H>I1XOBIIX 3aMeHI!Ka. YMecTo TOra yHanpe/1 ce 01\p)l(aBajy 6p11<j>HH311 3a HOBI!Hape 113 npe)ICTaBHHlliTaBa noje)IJ1HI1X 3eMaJba, a Ha Kpajy ce HH<j>opMHmy H o TOMe mTa je ycarrrameHo. 36or Tora lliTO ce IIH<j>OpMaqHje ITpeHOCe CaMO Hal\HOHaJIHHM KaHaJIJ1Ma, OHH cy ynyfieHH CaMO y rrepCIIeKTHBY COIICTBeHe 3eMJbe. 3HajynH 3a OBY je)IHOCTpaHOCT, )IOIIHCHHljH H3 EY cy seh O!laBHo pa3BHIIH cTpaTemjy, rroMohy Koje KOMIIeH3yjy osaj ge<j>HI.IMT HH<j>OpMal\11ja. PaCIIHTyjy Ce KO)I KOJiera H3 ilpYrHX 3eMaJba H Ha Taj HaqHH Ca3Hajy HH<j>OpMal.lllje KOje HM HeJ10CTajy IIpHJIHKOM H3HOllleH>a CTaBOBa IIOjeJ111HIIX 3eMaJba, KOjH cy 11M HaroBelliTeHH Ha 6p11<j>11Hry.

roguuuvaK C/JaKyllmezua 3a KJlllUJPY u Meguje

EsponcKa jaBHOCT H eßponcKo HOBHHapcTBO •.. 59

"Y3MHTe jeJ1HY o6HqHy ceJ1HHI.\Y MHHHCTapcKor casem. Ka11a ce oHa 3aBplll11 . OHJ1a ce OJ1p)l(aBa 25 KOH<j>epeHI.IH)a rraparrerrHo, lliTO ja He Mory 11a rrocTHrHeM ( ... ) . .[(aKrre, IIITa J1a pa/111M? ÜJ1Jia311M /1,0 MOjHX KOJiera H3 HHOCTpaHCTBa. Pamope/1, 3HaM 011 paHHje, /],aHac cy Ha pe11y <PpaHI.\Y311, I1oJba1.111, 11JIH Ko 3Ha KO, MO)I(J1a <f>HHI.IH - OHJ1a Hl\eM TaMO. 3aTHM KalKeM: "Pei.IH MH lliTa cy /],aHaC Ballll1 IIp11'!aJIH? KaKO OHH TO TyMaqe? - H TaKO pa3MeHHMO 11H<j>OpMai.IHje ( ... ) Cse TO pai\HMO MHMO !IpOIIHCa OHHX KOjH cy Hac IIOCllaJIH. (10: 456-477].

ÜBa l13jaBa HrrycTpyje 11a IIOJIIITJ1qKH OKBHpH 11 pe/l,OBHH cycpeTH HOBI1HapC'FCOf Koprryca, KOjM qJ1He HOBHHapM KOjH J13BeiiiTaBajy Ja Meg:wje :W3 pa3JI:WqHTHX ~eMaJba, OMoryhaBajy yrropei\Hy capaJ1!bY y TpaHcHa1.1110HaJIHOj pa3MeHI1 HH<j>op,!.-ffiQHja M TO 6e3 KOHKypeHIJ;Hje. fJiaBHH npep;ycJIOB 3a TO jecTe p;a ce 3Ha KOMe <e Tpe6a o6paTl'!TI1 /],a 6u ce J106l'lrre perreBaHTHe l'lH<j>opMal.ll1je; /l,aKne, 6MTHO je ;l.A ce OHI1 II03Hajy " sepyjy jeJ1HI1 1\pyrl'!Ma 11 11a osa pa3MeHa IIOqHsa Ha y3ajaMHOCTM. IIITO 60lbe KOliere TI03Hajy rroje).1HHe ,IJ;OIIWCHHKe l1 IIITO je BMIIIe 3eMaJba M3 :."''jHx IIOTJP1y, YTOJIMKO je 6oJba CJIHKa Koja ce CTMqe o rroJIJiiTHqKHM rrpon;ecHMa.

Yneha!be HOBHHapcKor Koprryca, cxpahe!De 6opaBKa MHOfHX I\OIII1CHI'lKa y Ep11-.oerry Ha Tp11 0/1HOCHO IIeT f0/1l'!Ha, Kao 11 CBe BeUI! IIpHTHCaK 3a aKTyeJIHOlllllY M~KOHK)'peHQI1ja, Kojy TeMaTJ13yjy MHOfH HOBl'!Hapl'l, HMaJIH cy, OgHOCHO J1Majy BeliHKH J'U!Qaj Ha HOBHHapCKH KOprryc Kao COQI'ljaJIHO-cTp)'KTYPHY rrp111II1Ky 3a pa3MeHy. CHeAehHQI!TaTI1 TeMaTI13yjy pa3JIH'IHTe acneKTe IIpoMelbeHI1X coql1jaiTHHX ymosa. ·

"Ha )l(aJIOCT, CHTyaQnja ce pa3Bl'lja y rrpasqy KOjH Ml1 ce He J10ITa/],a. EH!m CMO MHTepHal(HOHaliHO üpHjeHTMCaHH Kap;a CaM OB).1e ITQqMlbaO. A1111 TO je rroBe3aHo ca pa3BojeM Mep;wja y CBHM JeMalbaMa Koje cy qrraHHD;e. KoHxypeH1.111ja IIOCTaje CBe BeUa. CyMaHyTOCT lliTaMIIaHJ1X MeJ111ja IIOCTaje CBe Befia, HeoqeKMBaHM IIOTe3Jil, cyMaHyro TpqaJ-be 3a üp:HTHHaJIHOllifiy, 3a

eKCKJlf3HBHOllllly. [ ... ] 36or TOfa ce KOllere 113 HeKJ1X 3eMaJba IIOCMaTpajy IIOI\03p11BO II TO CBe BHllle." (23: 346-354]

"Kog KOJiera Ba)I(J1 3aKOH BeJIJ1KOr 6poja. AKO MX je IIpeBI!llle, OH/],a <j>opMI'lpajy Maae rpyrre Koje ce cTanHo Bl11jajy. BeposaTHoha 11.a he ce CBI1X mecT IIJII1 ce11aM AyCTpl'ljaHaQa IIojaBl'!TH Ha J1HeBHoj KOH<j>epeHq11jM 3a mTaMIIy, je serr11xa" [6: 856-859]

113l.IHTaTa cy oqurne/],He J1Be rrocne/1,11lle I13MeH>eHl'!X ycrrosa pa/l,a. Ca jeJ1He

C,;·~~:~~~~Y~Bl:ehalbe HOBWHapCKOf KOpnyca )l;OBO,IJ;H ,IJ;O aHOHMMHOCTM y KOpnycy. Ce Ha JIMI(Y MeCTa 6p)Ke Melbajy J1 CKJIOHH cy rpyrrMtalby IIO Hal(Jii-

OCHOBM yrrpKOC TpaHCHai(JilOHaJIHHM llOBO,Il;HMa 3~ M3BeiiiTaBalbe, KaO cy cycpeTJ1 Ha BpXy. C /l,pyre CTpaHe, CBe Befia 6op6a OKO HH<j>OpMai.IHja

!,: .. ee3:aHHX 3a EY CTBapa rroro/],HHje TJie 3a KOHKypeH1.111jy Hero 3a TpaHCHa1.1110-

60 ,l\01(. 1\P AHKe oq,epxayc

HarrHy paoMeHy. Ys TO, cse aeliH npHTHCaK Ha 1\0llHCHHKe 11a npYJKe aKryerrHe HH$opMaQnje, yMalbyje speMe KOje ce TpOIIIH Ha HCTpaJI<HBalbe nepcneKTHBa 1\pymx 3eMalba. ,[IoK cy HOBHHapH y 6pHcerry paHHje 6HJIH y CTaJIHOM KOHTaKTf H HHTeH3HBHO pa3MelbHBaJIH HH$OpMaJ1Hje, 1\aHaC aHOHHMHOCT H KOHKypeH

QHja cnpeqasajy npocrrei)HBalbe HH$opMaQHja" capaii"'Y· Koja ce y csaKOI\HeBHOM pa,n;y Knac:~uJ:ntKoaana Kao esponcKo HOBHHapcTBO.

4.2 YcrroBH pa11a y O/IHOcy Ha MaTH'!He pe/laKQHje

.Qpyra/IHMeHsJ<ja ycrrosa pa11a OllHOCH ce Ha OllHOC /IOITHCHHKa npeMa IhHXOBHM MaTH'IHHM pe/laKQHjaMa. 36or TOra HajiTpe Tpe6a ITOMeHfTH pa31IH'IHTe KapaKTepHCTHKe TeMa Koje ce TH'<Y EY, ca KojJ<Ma Mopajy 11a ce 6aae H IIOITHCHHQH H ype/IHHQH: ca je!IHe CTpaHe, OB/I< je Oll 3Haqaja orpaHH'Ielhe fHfTpaUilbOIIOJIHTJIItiKe H cnolhHOIIOJIMTLftiKe -,n;HMeH3Hje TeMa Be3aHHX 3a EsponcKy

fHHjy. IloC1IeiiHI1a Tora je TO IIITO ce H3BeiiiTaBalbe Mopa yKrroiTHTH y nolbe ,n;enosalba .n;orrHCHHKa y BpHceny Kao 11 y noJbe ,n;enoaaJDa .n;onHCHHKa y rnaaHOM rpa11y 6eprrnHy. Ca 11pyre cTpaHe, TeMe Koje c.e TH'If EsponcKe yHHje HMajy Marry HH$opMaTHBHY spe/IHOCT f IIOJIHTH'IKOj CBaKO/IHeBHQH. 3a /IOIIHCHHKe je, nope11 crroJKeHOCTH " crra6e MoryliHOCTH nepcoHarrHsaQHje, rrpo6rreMaTH'!Ha " MOHOTOHHja f llOJIHTH'IKOM npoQecy, llOIIITO je OHa /IHjaMeTpa1IHO CfiipOTCTaBibeHa Me/IHjCKOj JIOrHQH H3BeiiiTaBajylier HOllHHapcTBa KOje je OpHjeHTHCaHO Ha aKTfeJIHOCT. THMe OHJ.f He caMO ;a;a cy cyrrpoTCTaBJDeHH CBojHM qHTaon;HMa,

Hero Cf ll0/1 CTaJIHHM IIpHTHCKOM IIOTpe6e 11a HeiiiTO o6jaiii!haBajy ype/IHH- . lfi1Ma f pep;aKqHjaMa f CBOjHM MaTJ1qHJ1M 3eMaJ:baMa. Ci>aKTOpH H3BernTaBalba KOjH He/IOCTajy, IIOCe6HO perreBaHTHOCT, MOpajy 11a Ce KOMIIeHsyjy peTopH'IKH .. A ,n;a ce TO cMaTpa rnaBHHM 3ap;aTKOM p;onHcHHKa, nnycTpyje IJ;J'ITaT jep;Hor ype/IHHKa:

"Be'l>rTa TeMa IIOllHCHHKa H3 6p>1cerra je, KOJIHKO MecTa lie 1106HTH OHH a KOJIHKO OBH H3 6ep1IHHa. A IIpH TOMe !ie OBH H3 6p>rcerra, KOjH Cf ja'IH, peliH - IIOrJie!lajTe OHO IIITO CMO MH O/laB/Ie HallHCaJIH, HMalie MHOfO fTHQaja Ha 6ep-1IHH y pOKf Oll /IBe fO/IHHe, anH TO BH He CXBaTaTe. J1 OHH CTaJIHO MOpajy )1a.

pa11e, Mopajy 11a o6jarnlhasajy " HaMa y pe/laKQHjH rnTa je 1106po y TOMe aKO /laHaC IIHIIIe 0 HH/IfCTpHjH XeMHKarr>rja, a He TeK 3a TpH /laHa. ÜH/Ia OHH MCipaLjy BHIIIe 11apa11e H 11a HaM o6jaiiiibaBajy 3aiiiTO je TO ca11a BaJKHO." [7: 1U4U-l~l~~,

.Qpym acrreKT je yrrora pe)1aKQHje, O/IHOCHo rnaaHor ype/IHHKa y rrp'OJ1,eCJ(, H3BeiiiTaBalha. frraBHH ype/IHHK je OB/Ie 0111If"YjyliH K0HTp01IOp. A TO je lberoso rroaHaBaH:oe'rrpHmilKa y EY H ILeroaa npon;eHa ape,n;HOCTH aecTH

ce O/IHOCe Ha TeMe o EY 0/11If"Yjylia sa ape/IHOBalbe H3BelllTaaaH>a o MF!OIUT!lf IIOTeHQHjaJIHO perreBaHTHHjHX HaQHOHa1IHHX H HHTepHaQHOHaJIHHX /IOraJ)aj;l' MaKo ce IIOIIHCHHJ1H H3 EY cMaTpajy eKcrrepTHMa y csojoj o6rracTH, no,CT•oje

foguzwvaK <l>aKyniileüla 3a Kyniilypy u Meguje

EBponcKa jasaocT H esporrcKo HOBJ:mapcTBo ... 61

. . . $aKTOpH KOjH fTIPif Ha llpOQ<C ype/IHHKOBOf H36opa, rra ce THMe pe113.THBHsyJe spe/IHOBalhe H TyMa'lelheTeMa o EY >r IheHoj rrepcrreKTHBH. :· Ype/IHHK ce HHTe}!3HBHHje Hero /IOIIHCHHK opnjeHTHIIIe Ha jaBHO rronH:nt'IKo H IIPfiiiTBeHo Mlbelbe K0/1 Kylie. A ys To y QeHTparry ce CJIHBajy BeCTH lf3 pa3JIH'IHTHX H3Bopa HH$OpMaQHja: Ca je)1He CTpaHe, HH$opMaJ1>rje CTHJKY Oj! /IOIIHCHHKa H3 rJiaBHOf rpa11a, KOJH Ce IIpHMapHO OC1Ialhajy Ha HaQHOHa1IHe ~ope H cTanose, a ca Apyre crpaae cTJnKy.BeCTH o,n; rrpeTnnaheHHX areHu;Hja. lao nocrre!IHJ1a cae aelier ~HTepecoaa':"a pe/laKQHja sa eaporrcKH HHBO, HSBOpH .I!3BeliiTaBalha ce yseliaBaJy saxBalbYJYllH areHQHjaMa, IIITo 11aje jeiiHY Hoay

'':~MeH3HJf· IlpHTHCaK, KOjH ~reHQHje Ha Taj Ha'IHH Bpiiie HH/IHpeKTHO, caCTOjH :t;;c: Y TOMe ,qa OHe :rarrrarnaBaJy aKTye':ae ,n;ora~aje H cTanone, ann y cnojMM caonnrrelbHMa y KOJHMa ce HarrrarnaBaJy 'IHlheHHQe cKopo 11a yomrrTe He Hflle llt\3a)1HHCKe HH$opMaJ1Hje o reHesH eaporrcKHX rrpoQeca OIIJIY'IHBalha. Ha Taj aa'IHH, HH$opMai1HJe KOJe ce 1106HJY npeKo areHQHja HHTepnpeTHpajy ype:ARlUJ;Jif, Ca CBOJHM qecTO BeoMa JIOIIIHM OCHOBHHM 3HaiDeM, H jaBHO MIDeH.e Ha

l'laQ'HOHaJIHOM HHBOy. 36or pa31IH'IHTOr HHBOa 3Halba /IOIIHCHHKa H ype/IHHKa ce pa31IHKe y 3Halhy H pasyMeBalhy, IIITO je je)1Ha ype/IHHQa /IHII1Io

$<>p~~YJ~H<Ca7Ja Ha CJie/lellH Ha'IHH:

,.Ja MHCJIHM 11a Cf /IOIIHCHHJ1H H3 6pHcerra CKJIOHH 11a CTBapH HCKOMIT1IHKyjy THMe IIITO 3HaJY MHOfO /leTalba KOJe MH He IT03HajeMO. A Ca /lpfre CTpaHe, ca HaQHOHaJIHOr HHBOa KpHTHKfJY .ce OBH y 6pHCerry, 11a OHH He llOCMaTpajy CTBapn OHaKo Kao MH. Mn aapanao ce,n;nMo OB,I{e y HeMa'tJKOj n He II03HajeMo rrpellpacy11e rrpeMa 6pHcerry, arrH HX pa11o rrpHXBaTaMo. To je /lpyra'!Hje Kalla ce 6opaBH y 6pHcerry. TaMo ce CTsapn rne11ajy Ha IIPYra'l>rjH Ha'IHH, TaKO 11a Je npaao yMelie 11• ce rrpoHal)e OHO rnTo je HcrrpaBHo." [20: 168-184]

Osaj J1HTaT noKasyje CTPYKTYPHY pa31IHKY y CXBaTalhy, Koja MOJKe 11• JIHHHJa KOH$1IHKTa f 3aBHCHOCTH 0)1 CTaBa /IOIIHCHMKa 0/IHOCHO

mrra!<aH;a H3 EY H O!lrosapajylier Me)1Hja. Yo6n'lajeHH rrp>rroaop IIOIIH-ynylieH ype/IHHQHMa rrraCH 11a OHH Ma1Io 3Hajy 0 CIIeJ1H$H'IHHM rrpH

y EY. "': ca 11pyre cTpaHe /IOllHCHHQHMa ce npe6a11yje 11a ce rrpea>iliie

f CBOJ rrpe/IMeT. I1011 f/lf61bHBalbeM Ce y OBOM cnyqajy He IIO/IpasyCBeo6yxBaTHO pasyMeBalhe, Hero .npeBeJIHKa nojanHOCT.

~., ..... Y .• c.rrosa P•ll• y 6pHcerry H O/IHOca npeMa pe/laKQ>rjaMa KOII Kylie, KOjH je . cMalbelbeM 6poJa HH$opMaJ1Hja, pa3BHjajy ce cTpaTemje pa11a IIOllH

KOJH Cf, HapaBHO, 3aHHTepecoBaHH 11a CBOje H3BeliiTaje rrpe11ajy pe/laK-

62 ):(oQ. AP AHKe O<jlepxayc

QHjaMa. li:lcrrHTHBalba rroKa3yjy 11• je OllHOc IIOIIHCHHKa rrpeMa HeMa'!KOj y M3BeiiiTaBalby conditio sine qua non. Y OCHOBH OHM 6npajy oHe eBporrcKe TCMe KOje HMajy ßese Ca HeMaqKOM, IIOiliTO Ce HCKM HeMaqKH aKTep l13jaCHJ10 0 TOMe

Hl!H cy HeMa'lKH aKTepH y'leCTBOBal!H y rrpoijecy OllliY'lHBalba, Hl!H Ce TO Ha 6Hl!O KOjH Ha'IHH TH'le HeMa'lKe. IlpHl!HKOM rrpeTpa:>KHBalba KOpHCTe ce yrnasHoM HeMa'lKH H3B0pH HH<\>OpMaQHja, KaO IIITO TO IIOKa3yje Cl!elldlH QHTaT:

.,Ji1cKycTBO MH IIOKa3yje 11a MHOfH OCTajy y ca"ojHM HaijMOHal!HHM JI.YIIITypaMa. HeMaqKH HOBHHapH rn1Tajy HeMatiKe rrocnaHMK~ sa IbMXOBO MHIIIJbelbe, lliiiaHCKM IIMTajy liiiTaHCKe rrapnaMCHTapu;e MJIM IIIIIaHCKe KOMe

cape ga lbHXOBO MHIIIJI.elbe. )acHo, jep ce MHOrH TPYIIe 11• o6jaCHe OHO IIITO je Ba)KHQ sa IbMXOBY 3CM7bY lil 3aJliTO je TO Ba)KHO. Ila IIITa Ka)Ke HeMal.IKM

rrpeiiCTaBHK 0 TOMe? ,I(a JIH OH TO CMaTpa 1106pHM HliH He? IlocJieiiHQa TOfa je 11• je cse o6ene:>KeHo rrpeBHIIIe HaQHOHaiiHO.IIIIII [17: 915-926r

,I(a 6>1 ce cKpeHyrra seha rra>K!ba pellaKQHje H 'lHTarraQa 3a reMe o EY, IIOIIHCHHQH Ce IIpHMapHO OCBpny Ha OHaj 11e0 eBpiiCKOf KOJiaqa KOjH Ce OllHOCH Ha lbHXOBY 3eMJI.y. ÜBaj IIpOijeC Ce rrojaqasa H THMe IIITO QHTaTH OHHX KOjH cy !IX

l!H<\>opMl!cal!l! He Mopajy 11• ce rrpeso11e. ÜcHM rora, lbi!Ma y HOBl!HapcKoj csaKoIIHeBl!Ql! He ocraje MHoro speMeHa, 11• ce 6ase l!crpa:>KHBalbel)1 IIPYfHX aKrepa.

3Ha'laj " IlDMeT esporrcKHX TeMa OJ1elbyje ce npeMa roMe y Kojoj MepH ce TH'IY HeMa'!Ke, TO je OllliY'lYjynH <\>aKTOp y li3BeiiiTaBalby, KOjH je CTpareiiiKll rrocrasJI.eH. li1 Kalla ce reMe Koje ce Tli'IY EY joiii Harrage y npoijecy esponcKor op;nyqJolßalba, OHM y lf>J1XOBOM rrpHKa3HBaJby HaCTOje p;a Harnace lhHXOBY Ba)K- _,

Hocr 3a HeMa'lKy. A ro 11• ycnocrasJI.albe sege ca HeMa'lKOM rrpena3H CTPY'lHe

OKBHpe, HliYCTpyje CJielleUH QHTaT:

"IloHeKall je Ta sega ca HeMa'lKOM l!H'IHO noTnyHo 6ecMHCl!eHa;. OsaKo je pe'leHO y pellaKQHjH, Kalla cy no'lel!H pa3rosopH ca TypcKoM: Hanpas11 HHTepsjy Ca fOCIIOIIHHOM <f>epxareHOM!" "A ja CaM peKao: 'Ila OH yoiiiiiTe BHIIIe HHje KOMecap 3a IIpOIIIHpelbe.' "A TaKo! ÜHIIa HHIIITa! AliH ypa11H MrraK, lbera sHajy Kao KOMecapa sa rrpomMpelbe." A ja caM peKao: "Anu, OR BHIIIf Hf TOBOpH 0 IIpüiiiMpeiDy, lbCTa Ce TO Bl!JJIIC He THt{e! ÜH Cap;a

HeiiiTO 11pyro." "Ji1naK llMTaj! Ji1naK llHTaj!" )aCHO je 11a TO HHCaM yp•aiiHO. AliH, y pellaKQHjH je HaijHOHal!HO MHIIIJbelbe MHOTO ja'le HefO OBIIe KOII To rrpHMehyjeM" Kalla je pe'l o napnaMeHTapHHM TeMaMa. AKo je y IIHTalhYi HeKH HeMa'lKH IIOCl!aHHK, KOjH je MaKap Mal!O II03HaT OHIIa je cyrrep! A 6HX paiiHje IIHTaO HeKOf fpKa, jep 3HaM 11a OH MHOfO BHIIIe 3Ha 0 TOMe. Alll! \

ja TO HapaBHO He CMeM, jep OH je fpK." [16: 357-373) .

foguuuvaK Cl>aKyniüeiUa Ja KJniUypy u Meguje

11 eBpOllCKO HOBHHapCTBO ... 6

• . J1g OBOf QHTaTa jaCHO je KaKBa pa3l!HKa IIOCTOjH H3Me~y OHOra IIITO 1101111 i:H.l!Qil 3Hajy H IIITa 6". MOfliH 11a pa11e H Oliora IIITO pa11e H IIITa CTBapHO IIHIIIY.

AKO Ce pe31<!MHpajy pe3yl!TaTH H3 TpaHCHaQHOHal!He HOBHHapcKe na6opa ·rop>~Je y Bp>~ceny y rrome11y pa3soja esporrcKor HOBHHapcTBa, OQeHa he 6HTI f1eal!Ha. MaKo IIOITHCHHqKo ceiiHIIITe y Bpnceny, Koje je HHTepHaQHOHal!Ht ITOIIfibeHO npy:>Ka IIOBOJbHO IIpHl!HKe 3a HaCTaHaK CTpyKTypa eBpOIICKOf HOBH :napcrBa, eMnHpHjcKu: aana3H Kojw ce o,n;Hoce _Ha ycnoBe pa,n;a H cBaKo,n;Hemn.r J P"IIY HeMa'lKHX HOBHHapa KojH ce 6ase EY, rroKagyje 11• cy OHH rrpeBHIIIe rroi JTHD;ajeM CBoje 3eMJbe 11 .n;a BO,D;e Ka HaiJ;HOHaJJHO onpep;eJbeHÖM .H3BfiDTaBaiDy.

CBe cna6nje TpaHcHan;woaanHo noBe3HBaae H capa;n;lba Me.ljy ,n;onHcH_H :~.«-Ma YCJIOBffieHa KOHKypeHIJ;_HjOM 11 aHOHHMHOIDhy y CBe Beh.eM HOBHHapCKOI\.

i<Opnycy, 3aTHM KOpHIIIUelbe HaQHOHal!HHX H3BOpa MH<\>OpMaQHja 360r KOHKY. peH4HJe OKO Me,D;HJCKe rra)I(Ibe, Kao H Hacrojaaa .z::t;OIIJ1CHHKa ,n;a Hsrpa,n;e Hau;J.m· !l~e se3e y OKBHPY esporrcKHX reMa, rrpeiiCTaBJbajy masHo o6pa3no:>Kelbe s;

:mm;MoHanHy rrepcrreKTHBY y oKBHpy HeMa'!Kor H3Beiiirasalba o EY. AKo ce y o63Hp Y3Me OllHOc esporrcKor HOBHHap~TBa Kao jeiiHHCTBeHor rrpo

'll"B<liiFIOf Callp>KaJ" H eBpOIICKe JaBHOCTH, TO 3Ha'IH 11a, H Kalla 6H IIOIIHCHHQ~ HCTHX IIOliHTH'IKHX IIOTaljaja H TpaHCHaQHOHal!He pa3MeHe HH<\>opMaQHja

OKBHPY csaKOIIHeBHor pa11a MOfliH pa3BHTH esporrcKy rrepcrreKTHBy, TO He 6~ . 11a OHH TO ayroMaTCKM Mory crrpoBeCTH y HaijHOHal!HHM pellaKQHjaMa.

5. 3AKJbY'lAK

UHJI. osor npHnoraje 6Ho 11• ce, nonagenH 011 IIHCKyc>~je o MoryhHocTHMa

~:=~~~~:~i;H aKTyel!HOM CTeiieHy pa3BOja espOIICKe jaBHOCTH, IIOCe6HO yKa:>Ke Ha •;-,:. esporrcKor HOBHHapcTBa Koje je 110 ca11a 6HJIO 3aHeMapeHo. Xerepo

KOpHIIInelbe TepMHHa "espOIICKO HOBHHapcrso" 6Hl!O je IIOBOII 11a Ce pa3-0KBI1p y KOMe ce Mory cvrcreMaTM3oBaTM ,n;oca,n;am!hH Hanasn

OBOM IIOJby HCTpa:>KHBalba H 11a Ce HCTOBpeMeHo IIOKa:>Ky HO Be rrepcrreKTHBe

•.• ·.·~~:~~;,~·~~~1 )l;a 6>1 ce npeJ1H3Ho OKapaKrepHcao Moryhn yrn11aj eBporrcKor ~.:;; Ba)f(HO je o6jauubelbe pernja Ha Koje ce oHo· o,n;aocn Kao eKcrepao c,~:,.:~::~;~'~rrope:l)elDe, Kao H o6jawH.elf>e.npaBu;a paaBoja Kao eaporrenaau;Hje i·.:.j ·. 117111 HaCTaHKa HOBHX eBpüiTCKHX CTpfKTfpa f HOBMHapcTBY J11

-!<pajy o6jaiii!be:H>e Ben ynopel)eHHX IIHMeH3Hja HOBHHapcTBa Hl!H IIHMeH3Hja TeK Tpe6a 11• ce yrrope11e. TaKo je Ha ocHosy rrpHMepa IIOIIHCHH'lKOr MeCTa

. ITpHKa3aHO je,n;HO fKCITepHMfHTaJIHO IIOJDf fBpOITCKOf HOBJ1HapcTBa,

'H!JH HaCTaHaK cy Ha eBpOIICKOM TliY CTBopeHH ycnOBM,_ al!H eMnHpHjCKH

J1aKO cy OB)J;C MCITMTaHH CaMO HeMa"'KJII HOBJ1HapH KOjH Ce 6aBe EY, CJIH"'HH cy H Hana3H

i:"OjH ce o;n;Hoce Ha .n:pyre 3CMJbe (wen. AlM 2007; lliTaTXaM 2008).

. CTp. 39-70

64 ,ll;o11. IIP AHKe O<jlepxayc

HaJia3M y Be3M ca ycnosMMa pa11a M pa)IHOM pyrMHOM )IOIIMCHMKa M3 EY rroKa-3yjy p;a-OH.H joiii yBeK BO)J;e HaiJ;HOHaJIHO cerMeHTHCaHOM H3BeiiJTaBaH>y.

AHa1IH3a HOBHHapcKHX ycJIOBa HaCTaHKa eBpOIICKe jaBHOCTH IIOKa3yje,

y HaBe):t;HHM IIpHMepHMa, p;a ycrrOBH 3a HaCTaHaK eBpOIICKOT HOBJ1HapCTBa He

BOlle HYJKHO 110 esporrcKor HOBMHapcTBa O/IHOCHO eaporrcKe jaBHOCTJI aa HJIBOy HOBMHapcKMX ca)lp>Kaja. ÜcTaje OTBopeHo )Ia JIJI CTPYKType esporrcKor HOBJIHapcTBa Ha rrpollyKTJIBHOM HJ!aoy 3a rrocJielllfl1Y 3aMcTa J!Majy <jlopMMpaibe eBporrcKe jaBHOCTJI Ha HMBOY peQeiiQMje, 11aK11e 11a IIJI he TeMe y pa3rosopMMa" CTaBOBH rnep;anan;a H 'tfHTarrau;a 3aHCTa IIOCTaTJ:l eBpü_IICKH. AHaJIH3a HOBHHap-.

CKMX ycnosa pa11a y OKBMPY rpaHcHaljMOHaJIHMX o6pa30BHMX rrpojeKaTa Jl era6-1IMpaHJIX HaljMOHaiiHJIX Meiii<ja yKa3yje rrpe caera Ha IIOTeiiiKOne y TpaHCHaljJIOHaJIHOM HacTaHKy. J1 rrope11 Tora rpe6a pa'IyHaTI< Ha 11albe rrpo11ece TpaHcHa!1I<OHaiii<3a!1Mje yorriiiTeHo " Ha rrpo11ece esporreM3aQMje rroje)II<Ha'IHO. Ca je)IHe crpaHe, TO ce rrose3yje ca pa3sojeM Meguja. Ty CIIalla, rrpe csera, cTaliHM pa3BOj IIJirJ!TaJIHe MeiiJ!jcKe TeXHMKe, KOja MeiiMjCKY JIH<jlpacTpyKTypy Ha IIOKaJIHOM HOBOY CBe BHIIIe OTBapa. ,I1)1THTaJIHH Mf,IJ;HjH KaO H HHTepHeT HJIJII caTeJIHTCKa

TelleBJI3Mja Mory11a ce IIOCMaTpajy IIIMpOM Esporre. J111MCTpM6y!1Mja HaljMOHaJIHMX IIITaMIIaHJIX MeiiMja IIIJ!pOM Esprre je CKOpO CBaKOIIHeBHa JIIIJI je rrpaneHa MJIHMMaJIHMM 3aKaiii!belbelbeM. HoBJ!HapcKa KOMfHJIKaQMja" IIIMpeibe MH<jlopMaQMja CBe BMIIIe ce OIIBMjajy TpaHCHaljJIOHaiiHO Jl 3aXBaJbyjyhM IIIHMTaiiHJIM TeXHOIIOrJ!jaMa cse BJIIIIe rrocTajy McrrperrneTeHM. Ca 11pyre cTaHe, gpytumsellu pa380j MMa YTJ!Ijaj Ha HOBMHapCTBO. Y TOM CMJICIIY Tpe6a pa'IyHaTJI Ha TpaHCHai..V10HaJIHO OTBapalbe rp)J{HIIITa H ,r~alby rpaHcHan;HoHaJIM3au;Hjy rrorrHTHKe ca

rroMepaibeM jaBHe, Tj. MeiiMjcKe rralK!be. Y KpajlbeM cnyqajy Kalla 61< opi<jeHTa, u;nja ny6nHKe 6nna p;a noKa)f(e HHTepecoBalba H rrorrre,n;a npeKo Hai.VtoHarrHor XüpH30HTa CTBüpHü 6H Ce OCHOB 3a rpaHCHaiJ;HOHaJIHO crpyKrypHCalhe y HOBH

HapcTBy. KaKo he cTpyKrypHe rrpoMeHe y HOBMHapcTsy Y™l1aTJI Ha HOBMHapcKe Ca,ll;p)l(aje 11 KOHCTIHfHCalbe TpaHCHaiJ;HOHaJIHe jaBHOCTH, Moryfie je rrpou;eHHTH

CaMO Ha OCHOBf HüpMaTHBHHX oqeKHBalba O,!J, HOBHHapCTBa J1 jaBHOCTH.

Kao lliTO je IIOIIMTM'IKH " IIPYIIITBeHM rrpojeKaT "Esporra" joiii yseK Helle<jJMHI<CaH )10 Kpaja MCTO TaKO je M <jlpa3a "esporrCKO HOBMHapCTBO" IIOBe3aHa ca MHOfHM IIpüTHBpeqHOCTJilMa.

HaroseiiiTaj 11• ce nonaKo rrojaslbyje esporrcKo HOBMHapcTBO, Koje je ycKo noBe3aHo ca pa3sojeM esporrcKor IIPYIIITBa, a Kpehe ce y rrolhy M3Mel)y HaQMOHaJIHJIX " TpaHcHaQMOHaJIHJIX cTpyKTypa, meQM<jJM'laH je 3allaTaK y OKBMpy HHTepHaiJ;HOHaJIHOf H TpaHCHaQHOHaJIHOf HCTpa)I(HBalba HOBHHapCTBa. Vf3a-

30B 3a 6y11yha JICTpa>KJ!Balba Ha IIOJbY eBporrcKor HOBJ!HapCTBa CaCTOjM Ce y TOMe 11• ce Ben rrocrojehe CTYIIMje Jl3 3eMaJba Ha esporrcKoM HJ!soy cMcTeMaTcKH Mel)yco6HO yrrope11e. A TO 3Ha'IM 11a ce KOMIIapaTJIBHO JICTpa>KJ!Balbe HOBJ!HapCTBa MeTop,cKH nocTaBH TaKo p,a ce murre MHTerpvnny rrope~eiDa M3 pasnnqJ1THX

rrepJoW,IJ,a H HCTpa)I(HBaJ:ha H3 pa3JIHqMTHX 3eMaJba. Ha öBaj HaqHH ITOCMaTpajy

fogur.uH>aK <PaKynr.uer.ua 3a Kynmypy u Meguje

H eBpOßCKO 65

~o;,nope11 KOHCTaTan;Mja 0 CIIM'IHOCTJ!Ma M pa3JIJ!KaMa, M rrpoMeHe KOje yrrynyjy _Banpo:u;ece KOHBepreHHl\}ije J1 ,!J;HBepreHIJ;Hje eBpüiiCKHX HOBHHapCKHX CTp}'K

rypa. ÜCJIM TOra, Ha 3Ha'lajy II06Mja IIOCMaTpaibe TpaHCHaljMOHaJIHMX <jleHoM.eHa. ÜHO rrpe,n;cTaBJba IIOce6aH MeTO;z:J;OJIOIIIKH J13a30B, IIOIIITO ce eMIIHpHjCKO

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Journal of Sociology 70/2, 137-158.

EBporrci<a jaBHOCT 11 esponcKo HOBMHapCTBO ... 69

UDC 070(4-672EU) ; 070(4) lD 171939340

Anke Offerhaus, PhD Institute for Media, Communication, and Information (IMKI),

University of Bremen

EUROPEAN PUBLIC SPHERE & EUROPEAN JOURNALISM:

CONCEPT & EMPIRICAL FINDINGS ON TRANSNATIONAL JOURNALISM LAB,

BRUSSELS

Abstract: The question whether there is a European public sphere or how it can be build is

~relevant topic in media and i:ommunication studies as well as in political science and sociolcgj~ European fournalism as a possible precondition of a European public sphere is in return a <~!npc<rativeiyunder-investigated field of research. Therefore this article provides some thoughts

· ... !M•w jou,·nai!ism can be conceptualized for national comparative and transnational research. 7 :6irou-ndo:d on basic considerations ab out the distinction of EU-Journalism, European" journal

and journalism in Europe it is suggested to define chronological, spatial and professiond. Jimens;ions ofjournalism. The role ofjournalists as pioneers of a European public sphere has been q.,;Uyzed by choosing the example of the transnational journalism Iab Brussels. It can be shown

transnational exchanges among EU correspondents still does no_t the creation of a European media public sphere. The decline in transnational networking

cooperation among the correspondents, the preferred use of national information resources,

out national references in the key European issues are explanations for the national ;. •;",-;pec.tive in the EU news coverage.

KEY WORDS: EUROPEAN PUBLIC SPHERE, EUROPEAN JOURNALISM" (ORRESPONDENTS, PROFESSION

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roll. I (2009): crp. 975-1000

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