LECTURER’S PERCEPTIONS ON AUTONOMOUS LEARNING AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

By: NUR ALIFAH

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG JANUARY 2012

LECTURER’S PERCEPTIONS ON AUTONOMOUS LEARNING AT ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

This thesis was submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By: NUR ALIFAH

06360184

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG JANUARY 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

بسم اهللا الرحمن الرحيم

Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah SWT; whom we can turn to, whose place we

might hide into, and whose light is always there to pursue. Shalawat and salaam may

always be upon the Holy Prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, his friends, and his

followers.

The writer also would like to thank her father (Marikun), her mother

(Marikem), and her brother (Harianto) for their unquestionable love. All of the trust

given to her would be incomparable to any other things exist in this world.

In addition, the author also would like to express her highest gratitudes to her

thesis advisors: Mrs. Dwi Poedjiastutie, M.A (the Advisor I who had guided the

writer until Chapter III before leaving for her Doctoral Program in Aussie); Mrs. Riza

Elfana, M.A (who then became her Advisor I); and Bayu Hendro Wicaksono, Ph.D

(the new Advisor II). All the processes of supervision have taught the writer that

everything which seems impossible to happen might occur only if we strive it after. It

is because God won’t be blind for any efforts we bring them in line. All the lessons

would be invaluable.

Moreover, she would like to thank the campus of the University of

Muhammadiyah Malang which gave her so many chances to develop her skills from

being a reporter, a front officer and a translator. She would never forget to say thanks

to all the people she met and unforgetable experiences she got during her lively

student life at Bestari Campus Newspaper. It has helped her conquer—at least—the

small part of her fears.

Furthermore, she also sends her innumerable gratitudes especially to Mr.

Nurudin (Vice Chief of Bestari Editorial) for his inspiration, encouragement,

acceptance and wonderful assistance. It would be impossible to forget his magic

words which have helped her dare to make choice and take risk for the small one of

her episods of life “those who like to give up will easily do the same thing for

everything they might face afterward”.

She also would like to give her greatest thanks to her wonderful friends she

had during her study at the university: Silvia Ramadhani who often lent her money

when she came in hunger and gave her shoulder when she could not hide from

bursting a cry and Devi Anggraini Oktavika who supported her psychologically and

asked her about her thesis periodically. The writer would never forget “a night

electronic cinema scene” at Batu Square.

Additionally, the writer also thank Mr. Ari Firmanto who kindly allocated

time and helped her undertand T-Score better as well as Mr. Yudi Suharsono who

nicely answered the writer’s questions on research methodology. Of course, it would

be impossible to forget the time and assistance from a friend, Diani Fatmawati, who

lent her book written by Suharsimi Arikunto and helped the writer do calculation

needed in writing Chapter IV. There are many thanks also for Dyah Ayu

Kusumastuti, the writer’s boarding house friend for the assisstance.

Moreover, she would like to send her greatest gratitudes to Mbak Ratna

Noccolusita for understanding and accepting her to be herself as well as supporting

financially for her thesis examination and graduation, Mbak Kembar who supported

every single decision on aid for the writer taken by Mbak Ratna, Mbak Noer Laily

who really helped financially by providing chance to privately teach her nine-year old

handsome boy, and Rissana Aprilia Rohmah and her family (father, mother, Dwi, and

Fula) for being her second family and giving her all kindness and love they have.

Furthermore, she also would like to thank Paul Carr for his emails and help in

sending his two articles on autonomous learning free of charge. It meant alot in

supporting the content of this thesis.

In addition, there are also many thanks in advance for Network Division staff

of Infokom. Pak Nasar, the chief of the division, said, “Prioritize your thesis first,

instead of work here.” Of course, there are still a lot of names; lecturers, friends,

family, and important figures which cannot be mentioned one by one. They have

inspired the writer much.

Finally, she expects that this work would be useful in enriching the discourse

of autonomous learning at the English Department of the University of

Muhammadiyah Malang in particular and at Indonesian higher education in general.

Malang, January 2012

Nur Alifah

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ..................................................................................................... iii LEGALIZATION ............................................................................................ iv MOTTO & DEDICATION ............................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ............................................................................. 1

1.2 Statement of Problem ............................................................................. 4 1.3 Purpose of Study .................................................................................... 4 1.4 Significance of Study ............................................................................. 5 1.5 Scope and Limitation ............................................................................. 5 1.6 Definition of Key Terms ........................................................................ 5

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Teaching and Learning in Higher Education ......................................... 6 2.2 Autonomous Learning ........................................................................... 7

2.2.1 The Origin of Autonomy ............................................................... 7 2.2.2 Definition of Autonomous Learning ............................................. 8 2.2.3 Approaches to the Development of Autonomy ............................. 14 2.2.4 Fostering and Developing Autonomy ........................................... 15

2.3 Perception and Expectation ................................................................... 18 2.3.1 The Role of Lecturer’s Perception ................................................ 18 2.3.2 Expectation on Higher Education Teaching ................................. 22

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design .................................................................................... 24 3.2 Research Population .............................................................................. 25 3.3 Data Collection ...................................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Research Instrument ..................................................................... 26 3.3.2 Procedures of Data Collection ...................................................... 27 3.4 Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Findings ................................................................................................ 30

4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................. 33

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................ 35 5.2 Suggestions ........................................................................................... 35

TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................ ..... xii REFERENCES ........................................................................................... ..... 38 APPENDIXES

LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 ....................................................................................................... ..... 30 Table 4.2 ...................................................................................................... ..... 31 Table 4.3 ...................................................................................................... ..... 32 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 ..................................................................................................... ..... 15 Figure 2.2 .................................................................................................... ..... 20

LIST OF APPENDIXES

Appendix A: Item Categorization Appendix B: Questionnaire Appendix C: Table of Item Score

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