"NRC Reliability Program Plan," interim rept,Vol II apps.

_. . _ . . - . ._ . -. . . _ - - _ -

Interim Report

NRC RELIABILITY PROGRAM PLAN

i!

VOLUME IIAPPENDICES

,

liI

Prepared by:

!

J.J. NareskyR.T. Anderson

Dan Henry.

| C.E. Ehrenfried

| i(

t,

!

Reliability Analysis Center*IIT Research Institute

| RADC/RBRACGriffiss AFB, NY 13441!

I

June 1982

Ili RESE ARCH INSTITUTE

|' 8208040185 820630| PDR REVGP ERCRNRRP

PDR

I

[

t,. 5u

i

,

APPENDIX A

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND

RELIABILITY DEFINITIONS,

This appendix contains terms and definitions identified through a review ofdocumentation and information compiled during the study. Many of the terms and' definitions are based on ANSI /IEEE Standard-761 which defines reliability,

availability and productivity terms for electric power generation systems.

Ili REsEARCH INSTITUTE

APPENDIX A

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND

RELIABILITY DEFINITIONS

Accelerated Test - A test in which the applied stress level is chosen to exceedthe level stated in the reference conditions to shorten the time required toobserve the stress response of the item or magnify the response in a ggiven time.

| To be valid, an accelerated test must not alter the basic modes and/or mechanisms' of failure of their relative prevalence.

Acceleration Factor - The ratio between the times necessary to obtain a statedi prcportion of failures for two different sets of stress conditions involving the

same failure modes and/or mechanisms.

Adequacy - Sufficient generating capability to meet the aggregate peak electricloads (MW) and energy requirements (MWh/h) of all customers at all times.

;

Availability - The probability that a material, component, equipment, system, orprocess is in its intended functional condition at a given time and therefore iseither in use or capable of being used under a stated environment.

!

Availability (Equivalent) - The percentage of time in a period that gross maximumgeneration could be produced if limited only by outages and unit and seasonalderating.

Availability (Operating) - The percentage of time in a period that the system,process, or facility is operating or is available to operate (ready status).This measure ignores partial outages, i.e., if the system is producting any

product at all, it is considered to be "available."

Capacity - The net power output for which a generating unit or station is rated.

Capacity, Gross Maximum - The maximum capacity that a unit can produce over aspecified period of time.


__

Capacity, Gross Dependable - The gross maximum capacity modified for ambientlimitations for a specified period of time, such as a month or a season.

Capacity, Gross Available - The gross dependable capacity modified for equipmentlimitation at any time.

Capacity Factor - A percentage calculated from the ratio of product actually' produced in a period to the product that would be produced if the process systemor facility operated at full rated capacity for the period.

4

. Crnfidence Level - Statistical boundaries limiting an estimate with a specifiedi

i risk.4

I.

A technical and administrative process uscd to; Configuration Management -

identify, control, and account for engineering documents describing thefunctional and physical characteristics of components, equipment, systems, or a

| process. It is also used to track and control hardware to confonn to the1

| documentation.

Corrective Maintenance All unscheduled inspection, testing, or repair-

activities performed on equipment, following its failure, for the purpose of

irestoring the equipment to satisfactory operating condition.

Critical Item - A procedure, material, component, or item of equipment whose

failure could significantly affect safety, performance, environment, schedule,or cost.

Debugging (Burn-In) - A process of shaking down each item of finished equipmentthat is performed prior to placing the item in use. During this debuggingperiod, weak system elements are expected to fail and be replaced by elements ofnormal quality (statistically) that are not subject to similar early failure.

The debugging process may involve exposure to all field operational stresses.The debugging process is not, however, intended to detect inherent weaknesses insystem design, which should have been eliminated in the preproduction stages byappropriate techniques. The debugging process eliminates the parts subject toinfant mortality.


L

Demonstration Plant - An RD&D project designed to demonstrate and validateeconomic, environmental, and productive capacity of a near-commercial size plant

i by integrating and operating a single modular unit using commercial-sizecomponents.

D: rating, Seasonal - The difference between gross maximum capacity and grossdependable capacity.

1

iD;: rating, Unit - The difference between gross dependable capacity and grossavailable capacity.

!

O sign Life - The expected time or number of cycles, based on the design of theitem, during which the item remains operationally effective and economicallyuseful before wearing out.

| Design Reviews - Meetings held during the design process to critically examineth e product design, configuration, design documentation, test program planning,ar d test data.

Design Review, Critical (CDR) - A formal customer review of all accomplishmentsduhingdetaileddesign. This may entail review of prereleased detailed design

j do cumentation; e.g., drawings and specifications, analytical a sperimentali'

ve{ification data, long lead item procurement list, bid package plan, siting andenvironmental impacts, final test and evaluation plan, configuration, and changecontrol procedures.

| Design Review, Preliminary (PDR) - A formal customer review of process analyses

| and flow, reaction rates, operating parameters, including identified layout

| arrangement of equipment / systems, performance requirements, specifications oflong lead items, and test plans.

Destructive Testing - Testing of any nature that may materially affect the lifeexpectancy of the item tested, whether or not failures occur during the test.

Failure - The cessation of the ability of a system or any of its elements toerform a specified function or functions,

llT REsEARCH INSTITUTE

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Failure Analysis - The study of a specific failure to determine the f ailure mode,mechanisms, and/or the circumstances that caused the failure.

Failure Effect A description of the consequence of the failure in terms ofoperating or performance characteristics; e.g., shutdown, loss in efficiency,safety hazard.

Failure Mechanism - The physical process or occurrence that caused a failure!(e.g.,stresscorrosioncracking,operatorerror,equipmentmalfunction, relay

contacts welded by overload, and bearing frozen by contamination with foreign,

material).

Failure Mode - The observed local result of a f ailure, e.g. , leak, loss ofcontrol, false output.

IFailure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) - Identification and documentation ofeach significant failure mode cf each item and the impact of the occurrence ofthat mode of failure on the component, other components, and the overalloperation of the system.

| Failure (Noncurtailing) - A component failure that occurs with no effect on theoutput of the plant.

1 )

i

Failure Rate (Failure Per Unit of Time) - The number of failures per unit of timein a specified time interval.|

Failure Reporting and Corrective Action - A systematic and comprehensive methodof reporting failures and a means for implementing the corrective maintenanceindicated by these failures.

Fault Tree Analysis - A method for relating a pro:ess or system failure toequipment, component, or materials f ailure modes using f ault trees. A fault treeis a model that graphically and logically represents the various combinations ofpossible events, fault and normal, occurring in a process or system that leads tothe top event. Process or system elements may include hardware, software, andhuman and environmental factors.


_ _ _ _

_ _ _ . - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _

Forced Outage Rate - The ratio of forced outage hours to operating hours, plusforced outage hours.

Functional Configuration Audit - A formal examination of test data, prior toacceptance, to verify compliance of measured performance with specification

requirements.

Functional Test - A test that directly or indirectly measures a specific functionof equipment or a component.

Hazard - Any real or potential condition that can cause injury or death to

personnel or damage to or loss of equipment of property.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis A function whose objective is to optimize the-

economics resulting from costs expended for design, construction, operation, andmaintenance of equipment, a component, a system, or a process. LCC analyses aresignificant for:

o Assisting engineering in design trade-offs by providing a baseline oftotal life-cycle costs for all major design alternatives

o Providing a basis for determining the least cost involved in other majorproject alternative (e.g., maintenance concept development, planningsystem operation and support activities, and maintenance planning).

Load Factor - The ratio of the actual energy supplied during a designated periodto energy that would have been supplied if the peak load were to exist throughoutthe designated period.

Loss-Of-load Probability (LOLP) - The proportion of time that the generationivailable is unable to meet the system load (kilowatt). The loss-of-loadarobability is normally expressed in terms of days when the load is not met inthe years studied, e.g., an LOLP of one day in 10 years means the load is not met]ne day in a period of 10 years.


_ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _________ ____

||

i

||

| Maintainability - A characteristic of design and installation that is expressed1' as the probability that an item can be restored to operation within a specified| period of time when mair.tenance is performed in accordance with prescribed

procedures and resources.

Maintenance All actions necessary for retaining an item in a specified-

condition before failure or breakdown (preventive maintenance) or the process ofrestoring an item to return it to a workable condition (corrective maintenance).

Maintenance Concept - A description of the planned general scheme for maintenance

and support covering replacement or repair philosophies, personnel factors,maintenance time, schedules, special tools, materials, supplies, spares, and

other resources required to perform either corrective or preventive maintenance.

Maintenance Engineering Analyses - An analytical process in which the

quantitative requirements, support resources, cost, operational objectives, andsafety considerations that effect each preventive and anticipated corrective

maintenance action are estimated and documented.

Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) - Total operating time (frequently stated inhours) divided by the total number of failures.

Mean Time To Outage (MTTO) - Operating time divided by the number of outagesexperienced. This measure can be calculated for full, partial, or all outages

(i.e., planned, forced) and is most applicable to mature technologies.

Mean Time To Resotre (MTTR) - Average time to restore the system, process, orfacility to full operability af ter an outage (full, partial, or all). This

neasure includes all maintenance and delay time encountered in restoring asystem, e.g., waiting for parts. It can be used for identifying problems earlyin the maintenance program, the operational procedures, and the system design.It also includes time used for operator-initiated restoration activites (e.g.,

restart actions), which may restore the system in lieu of performing a

maintenance action.

Ili RESEARCH INSTITUTE

- _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

kran Time To Repair (MTTR) - Average time to repair (or replace) a' failed item

luring corrective maintenance. This measure excludes time waiting for parts,

; ravel time, and other time not directly associated with the performance of the:orrective maintenance activity. It can be used for identifying problems early

in the maintenance program and/or system design characteristics affecting

1aintenance.

tean Maintenance Man-Hours - Average total maintenance man-hours required to

aerform preventive maintenance (servicing) and corrective maintenance (repairs or

'eplacements of failed items). This measure is important in evaluating requiredlaintenance staffing and projecting future maintenance costs,

lond:structive Testing - A test that is neither functional nor potentiallylestructive. It is performed to establish acceptability, e.g., X-ray analysis,eak tests, ultrasonic tests, etc.

'n-Stream Time - The percentage of time in a period that the system, process, or

acility is producing products equivalent to " operating availability."

utage, forced - The f ailure of a system resulting a loss of all or part of the'utput. A full outage results in complete loss of output; a partial outageesults in degraded system output,

utage, Planned - The period a unit is unavailable due to inspection, testing,uclear refueling, or overhaul. A planned outage is scheduled well in advance

nd is of a predetermined duration.

ercentage Reserve - The margin of installed capacity in excess of the expected

eak load.

erfonnance Assurance - A method for the systematic treatment of reliability,aintainability, availability, life-cycle cost, standardization, configurationanagement, and quality assurance in the design, construction, and operation of a

.

ystem.

IIT REsEARCH INSTITUTE

" - - _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ .

Performance Indices - Completely describe the performance of electrical-poweroperating unit. Included are capacity factor, availability (operating andequivalent), and outage rates (forced and planned).

Pilot Plant - An R&D project designed to establish integrated process feasibilityby combining commercial type (not commercial size) components into a small modelplant to test and evaluate the critical parameters of scale-up. It also is usedto acquire engineering data needed to assess economic feasibility and design alarger near-commercial size plant.

Plant - The aggregate of major systems, personnel, procedures, and practices thatperform the collective total functions of a process (e.g., coal liquefaction).

Plant Operability - The overall cost-effective plant generation needed toproduce a required quantity of acceptable products at a predictable rate and atan acceptable level of reliability.

Preventive Maintenance - Actions performed in an attempt to keep an item inworking condition and prevent failures or degradation of performance

characteristics by planned (usually scheduled) servicing, replacement, overhaul,etc.

Quality Assurance - The system of engineering activities that assures quality byperforming and preparing implementation documents for quality control. It

includes analyzing all quality-related considerations for the development,implementation, and continuing evaluation of a quality control system.

Quality Contrtl - The system of inspection and testing activities that are

performed, documented, and used to measure, monitor, and control quality as wellas to initiate corrective and/or preventive action in controlling selected

characteristics of an item. It also performs the acceptance or rejection

function at key points in the evolution and/or use of a product and implementsthe quality control system developed by quality assurance.

Redundancy - The existence of more than one means for accomplishing a given task,where all means must fail before there is an overall failure to the system.


- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -

- _ _ .

Redundancy, Parallel - The existence of two systems working at tfie same time toaccomplish the task, where either system can handle the job itself in case theother system fails.

Redundancy, Standby - The existence of an alternate means of accomplishing thetask which is switched in by a malfunction sensing device when the primary system

fails.

Reliability - The probability that an item or process performs its intended

function for a specified time interval under a stated environment.

Reliability, Dynamic - The ability to withstand a sudden outage in its first fewseconds or minutes without causing additional loss of facilities (i.e.,

preventing a cascading effect that may lead to widespread blackout).

Reliability, Inherent - The potential reliability present in an item's design.

Reliability, Operational - The assessed reliability of an item based on fielddata.

|

| Reliability, Starting The ratio of staring successes to total number of-

starting attempts.

Reliability, Steady-State - The system's ability to meet demand within specifiedvoltage limits and the ratings of transmission lines during outages of somegenerating units and transmission lines.

Risk - The probability of occurrence of a specific deleterious consequence with aspecific dimension, e.g., number of fatalities.

Security - System reliability in the steady-state and dynamic sense assuringactual operation, in contrast to its assessment (used by utility operating

personnel).

Ili REsEARCH IN sTIT uTE

_-____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Standard - A prescribed set of rules, conditions, or requirements established bystandards setting bodies, concerning definition of terms, classification of

components, specification of materials, performance or operations, delineationof procedures, or measurement of quality and quality in describing materials,products, systems, services or practices.

Service Life - The period of time during which a material, component, equipment,system, or process is expected to perform in a satisfactory manner under

specified operational conditions prior to wear out or obsolescence and

consequent removal from service.

Subsystem - A combination of personnel, equipment, procedures, and practicesthat performs a subgroup of functions within a system, e.g., " carbon burn-up

cell," " hot gas cyclone," and " coal preheater."

System (Major) - A combination of personnel, equipment, procedures, and

practices which performs a distinct group of functions within the plant, e.g.," utilities system," " coal preparation," " fluidized bed combustion system," " gascleanup system".

System Safety Engineering - The activities indentified with the analysis ofsystem design and operation for the timely identification and elimination ofhazards. System safety activities closely parallel those of reliability toensure that system safety is achieved early in the design phase and maintainedthroughout the system life cycle.

Trade-Off Analyses - Studies performed to optimize design in which

interrelationships among performance, technical risk, cost, schedule, and safetyare established and the effects of variations in these factors are determined.

Jseful Life - The length of time an item operates with an acceptable failureate.

Ii llT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ .__

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

|

'. .

APPENDIX B

1

SUMMARY OF UTILITY INTERVIEWS

This appendix presents a brief summary of the findings of the surveyinterviews which where conducted at the utility f acilities. Those detailsconsidered proprietary sensitiNare not included in this appendix. The names ofthe persons interviewed are presented in Table 2-3 of Section 2.3.

|

|

|

|

t


k-

_ _ _ _ .

APPENDIX B

SUMMARY OF UTILITY INTERVIEWS

COMMONWEALTH EDIS0N

Commonwealth Edison has developed a substantial reliability program that isoriented towards productivity improvement in the operating stations. This

program was initiated five years ago with documentation and formal implementationbeginning three years ago. The program has an initial goal of regaining 10% oflost operating hours. The methodology for achieving this goal involvesidentifying productivity problems, determination of causes and corrective

actions, estimation of productivity improvement, monitoring implementation andestimation of cost effectiveness. Priorities for implementation of improvementsare established in accordance with a " Top Twenty" list of problems in order ofNonoperating Hours caused.

The National Electric Research Councile (NERC) data format is used forrecording outage data for 130 activities and components of a unit at a generatingstation. These data are given to NERC quarterly and processed annually into aNonproductivity Report. The report provides a measurement of Unit NonoperatingHours caused by each NERC component and activity.

The " Top Twenty" is selected based on those items whose Unit Nonoperation

Hours, times the average annual fuel replacement cost, reveal the greatestcumulative costs. These economic measurements provide an upper bound forbudgeting engineering analysis and retrofit.

The productivity improvement program, although lossely under the purview ofeliability, incorporates very little actual reliability tcchnology. Formal

eliability analyses are not conducted on units, or subsystems of units. The

eliability group contains no expertise in reliability engineering, but rather,he specialists within the engineering department. A program is under

onsideration to employ more reliability analyses in the productivity

mprovement program. The nature of the reliability program anticipates the timehen all nuclear stations are operating, and little procurement or constructionctivity is present.


_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - --_

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

PACIFIC GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY

Pacific Gas & Electric company has no formal reliability program at thistime, but they are planning one for the future. Although there is no formal

reliability program, many of the things being done, e.g., trend analysis, couldbe considered elements of such a program. Also, the economic incentive is there,in terms of providing increased plant availability. .

In order to meet their requirements for data collection and analysis, theyare in the process of designing a computerized maintenance following system,which will consist of a central computer with remote terminals. In addition to

:ollecting f ailure and repair data, it will be used to perform forecasting, trend r

Inalyses, impact of design changes, f ailure predictions, reliability analysis,3RA's, etc. It will also be used to prepare and analyze LER's and NPROS data.

IAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC

Very early in their design of the Sundesert Nuclear Power Plant (which was:ancelled in 1978), San Diego Gase & Electric Company (SOG&E) initiated an(vailability program which could also be termed a Reliability Program. With full;DG&E management support, a specific goal of 90% availability was established,shich was to apply to each unit af ter it had reached maturity (completed 3 yearsif operation), and a goal for the capacity factor was set at 80%. Av ailability:nd capacity factor were defined as follows:

AV D* 5 X 100%Operatina Availability = g Hours

where

Available Hours = the time in hours during which a unit or majorequipment is available for service whether or not itis actually in service

Period Hours = the clock hours in the period under consideration


_ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

Total Electric Generation in MWHCapacity Factor = . X 100%! Period Hours X Maximum Dependable Capacity in MW

where

Maximum Dependable Capacity = The dependable capacity, winter orsummer, whichever is smaller, in MW

electric.

Once the goals were established, SDG&E developed a plan to achieve the goals,

and an organization with authority and resources to implement the plan. Since

they could not find documentation by other utilities or in the literature, SDG&Eessentially developed their own plan through the efforts of a consultant. TheSundesert Reliability Engineering Guide (1976) was the resulting document whichdetails the steps to be taken to subdivide the 90% availability goal into piecessmall enough to manage. The objective was to identify, in as much detail aspossible, those systems and components that cause unit outages, and to qua.1tifythose outages, so that priorities could be established for redesign efforts.

The authority and resources were provided through the Sundesert AvailabilityCommittee, chaired by SDG&E Nuclear Department Manager, and having one member

from the Project Management Office, and one Reliability Engineer from eachcontractor. SDG&E was further represented by thier consultant, several SDG&Eengineers, and the Reliability Engineer action to coordinate the program.

Furthermore, SDG&E Management, from the President down, was cognizant of theprogram, and the responsible Vice President and the Sundesert Project Managercarticipated in some of the committee meetings.

SDG&E's Reliability Engineering Guide (Appendix C) outlines in detail theflow and structure of the various reliability engineering activities with a briefdescription of each activity. In addition to the development of the overall

eliability program, the program, basically as it developed through 1978, was to:onvert the availability goal of 90% to an unavailability goal of 10% or 876iours per year, and then allocate this time to the various critical systems and:omponents. Each contractor was then asked to further subdivide his basic.llocations to the system level and then to the component level as information onailure rates, and from reliability analyses, became available.


_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

i

The basic formal data sources used were

1. Generating Availability Data System (GADS)

2. Licensee Event Reports (LER's)

3. Nuclear Plant Reliability Data system (NPRDS)

The SDG&E Sundesert Reliability Engineering Guide contains analyzed data onthe allocation of unavailability for system and subsystems of a nuclear powerplant, and preliminary reliability and maintainability allocations of these

systems and subsystems. Also, a Reliability Critical Items List (RCIL) was

established to focus attention on those components and systems reflecting thehighest unavailability. The RCIL was extended to include mean-time-between-failures (MTBF) and mean-time-to-repair (MTTR), and the status of thereliability effort for each item.

TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (TVA)

The TVA reliability engineering function for nuclear plants has been

assigned to the Nuclear Engineering Branch of the Office of Engineering Designand Construction. The Nuclear Engineering Branch has a Reliability / AvailabilitySection but they do not, as yet, have a formal reliability program. The people

who could be used to develop and implement a reliability program are heavilyinvolved in learning how to perform probabilistic risk assessments (PRA's).Thus, they provide technical support to nuclear power operations. As a result,they anticipate that it may take as long as five years before they have an

adequate reliability organization and a formal Reliability Program Plan. They

feel that they should first become adept at performing PRA's; then, they will bebetter able to define the elements of a reliability program needed at inputs fora PRA analysis. They have a consultant under contract to: 1) perform PRA's atseveral of their plants; and 2) to train TVA personnel to perform PRA's so thatthey have their own in-house capability.

TVA estimates that it takes an average of 15 manyears to perform a nuclear4ower plant PRA. They feel that a PRA is a decision managing tool that would beseful for " fine tuning" the deterministic design methodology currently in'idespread use in the nuclear industry.


. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

PRA methodoloqy will be used quite extensively for each TV nuclear power

plant. Their existing math models are being expanded to provide a full plantmodel capability. TVA engineers will be trained on how to use the full plantmodel. 'nally, a separate group at TVA will be assigned to keep the full plantmodel up-to-date, and use it to perform PRA/ Safety / Availability analyses.

The PRA currently being performed is concentrating on system interactions,analyzing each system for common mode failures. The focus is on design

improvements.

In the past, the safety people at TVA also covered reliability analyses. In

performing reliability analyses, they used the exponential distribution of

component time-to-failure.

They have developed their own definitions of safety related items, based uponthe NRC requirements, with TVA interpretation. They have broken them down into

two classes:

1. Primary safety functions2. Secondary safety functions

Based upon the definitions and classification, each plant prepares a

Critical Systems, Structures, and Components List (CSSCL). Any item on the CSSCL

requires an LER, if it malfunctions. The first step in preparing an LER is thepreparation of Reportable Occurrence Report (ROR) (TVA unique form). Each ROR is

reviewed by the Nuclear Engineering Branch to determine if an LER is required.

The safety people also perform the following functions:

1. Do FMEA's and interaction analyses.2. Write design criteria and review contractor designs.3. Analyze "backfits" and operating procedures for safety implications.4. Review operating experience data.

IIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

_ _ _ _ _ .

The three basic questions to be answered in the safety ana' lysis of a newi design modification are:

1. Does it decrease the margin of safety?2. Does it increase the probability of an accident?3. Does it create the possibility of new accidents?

They generally find, and try to fix, most of their problems during plantshutdown for refueling.

They do not review maintenance instructions for safety implications.

TVA is in the process of setting up its own computerized database for

component and equipment failure rates. They are using plant specific data aswell as generic data from sources such as WASH 1400, NPROS, MIL-HOBK-217, etc.

They merge the plant specific and generic data by means of Bayesian statisticalanalysis techniques.

Their plan is to ultimately set up a centralized computerized database withremote terminals at each of the plants. The plan is to have a Data Collection andAnalysis Center operated by a scparate group.

FLORIDA POWER & LIGHT

The Florida Power & Light reliability program is a maintenance managementprogram with an emphasis on a data collection and feedback system calledGeneration Equipment Management System (GEMS). GEMS translates plant workorders into various computer codes that provide information as to plant unit,

specific equipment involved, major and minor equipment codes, action taken,nanufacturers, reason / root cause codes, outage hours, power curtailed (in MW),nanhours spent in repair, materials and their costs, and contractor cost.

Data are reported in a formal Unit Availability Report. These reports areiubmitted for all plants. In a quarterly report, all systems or items which ledo an outage (took a plant off-line) during the quarter are identified, together'ith the cost of the occurrence and the probability of loss. From this report,


. _ . . .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

overtime, mean times between failures, mean times to repair, unavailabilities,

and costs are generated; these then lead to a critical items list--items whichrequire attention. Each item is given to a specialist within FP&L to fix. Thus,the data from the Unit Availability Reports provide an essential starting pointfor improvement efforts.

In June, 1982, they hope to initiate a probabilisite analysis ofoperationally critical systems; they will supply their data to a fault tree

analysis program.

The nuclear and fossil programs are on the same level, use the same systems,and have the same philosophy. There is no reliability person or program

especially for nuclear, just for the total system.

GEMS was established in 1971 and tied to work orders in 1972; so FP&L has 10

years of good data with which to work. Over the 10 years, FP&L has shuffled theprogram around and solved most of the problems. About three years ago, it wasdecided to initiate no new programs, but to make use of what they already had.

FP&L then does not have a formal reliability program, per se, just theinformal program described above. They tried to get a reliability person on

staff to develop a future reliability group, but the position was cut out of thebudget, so they're sticking with the informal program for now. The emphasis of

the program is on operations and maintenance, especially a well-planned,

scheduled maintenance program. They have no formal Reliability CenteredMaintenance (RCM) program, but a maintenance management system based onoerformance losses and boroscope inspections. Time is a factor in maintenancescheduling, but it is tempered by other factors.

A report entitled " Power Resources Department Reliability Program", February), 1979, contains a list of all the things that FP&L does in the area ofeliability, not a description of a formal program. They do issue " Reliabilityteports on ...." to guide them in decision making on various issues, i.e., which

-ystem to buy, whether to backfit, etc. For these reports, they use mainly theiren formal reliability data. They sometimes use NERC or NPRDS data.


__ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _

--

They do not use reliability formally in procurement, but 'they do usehistorical reliability data to select vendors.

.

DUKE POWER COMPANY

Duke Power Company does not, at this time, have a formal reliability program.

They are just starting one; it won't really be in place until the end of theThe program will be geared to increasing plant availability. They aresummer.

currently in the data collection phase of the program to determine which way to

go.

Essentially, they are collecting failure and repair time data on thecomponents and systems in each operating plant. These data will be analyzed to

determine the " cost drivers" which are contributing to reduced plant

availability. They will then prioritize the " cost drivers'' and develop anddocument an Availability Improvement Program tailored to each plant.

Their primary concern is to improve the reliability, availability, andnaintainability of existing plants. As they view it, there are three phases of areliability program:

1. Visual inspection for obvious design and manufacturing defects.

2. Detailed analysis of design, operating, and maintenance procedures touncover areas for improvement.

3. Formal reliability program.

They have been concentrating their efforts on the first two phases, and areibout to enter the third phase.

Their approach is to identify problems and feed them back to the design:ngineers for correction. Their feedback mechanism is a Feedback Guide which is'rovided to the designers. Essentially, it is a " lessons learned" document whichontains detailed descriptions of problems encountered in operation and thearrective action recomended. Hopefully, by using the Feedback Guide, which issort of corporate memory, the designers will avoid making the same mistakes inhe future,

ilT REsEARCH INSTITUTE

___

,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _

i

i

The definition of plant availability that they use is:

S urce Hours + Reserve Shutdown HoursAvailabilit7 = iotal Period Hours

They do perform some R&D reliability studies. They are currently developinga reliability prediction technique for steam generator tube failures based upon aWeibull distribution of time-to-f ailure. Reliability numbers, e.g., MTBF, are

beginning to be used in some of their studies, but they do not specifyreliability numbers in their equipment specifications.

They are currently developing what will ultimately become a computerizedcomponent data collection and analysis system. It will be utilized for

performing PRA's. It will use:

1. Plant specific data from the Work Request System.2. NPRDS and LER data.

3. Data form in-house component testing.

MIDDLE SOUTH UTILITY SYSTEM (MSUS)

MSUS has developed an Availability Improvement Program (AIP) which has thegoal of minimizing plant life-cycle costs. The key elements of the AIP are:

1. Capability to conduct system / unit / component level quantitativeavailability analyses.

2. Capability to conduct quantitative unit life-cycle analysis.

3. Computerized data system to support 1 and 2.

The AIP is divided into a short term program and a long term program. The

short term program is aimed at the use of available data to determine majorproblems and availability improvements that might be made by solving thoseproblems. The long term program includes the following elements:

1. Unit Model Baselines (UMB's)

o evaluate equivalent availability (EA)lli REsEARCH INSTITUTE

- _____________________ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .__

__-___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

o mathematically model the hardwareo rank problem areas by impact on EAo provide basis for Unit Availability Investigations (UAI's)o provide input to Cost Benefit Analysis (CSA's).

2. Unit Availability Investigations (UAI's)

| o focus in specific unavailability problem areas| o determine root causes of unavailability problems

o determine feasible solutions to unavailability problemso evaluate risks associated with solution implementationo provide inputs to CBA's.

3. Cost Benefit Analyses (CBA's)

o accept inputs from UMB's and VAI'so evaluate economic benefit of proposed solution on a life-cycle cost

basis.

4. Availability Data System (ADS)

o provide AIP analysts with the analytical tools necessary to conductavailability improvement studies. '

5. Training of MSUS engineers in AIP methodologies

The long term program was scheduled to be implemented over a five yearperiod, beginning 1979. As of the middle of 1981, the following had been

accomplished:

1. 12 UMB's completed

2. 8 UAI's completed or in progress

3. CBA in progress

4. 21 AIP specialists on board, 5 at MSNA, the rest spread almost equallyacross the four operating utilities.

The computerized Availability Data System consists of the following

subsystems:

1. Generating Availability Data Reporting System (GADRS)

o Data armaisition system (just went on line)o NERC/GADL data report generationo NPRDS data report generation

lli REsEARCH INSTITUTE

_ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

|

2. Basic Analytical Cycle System (BACS) (Computerized UMB)

3. Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)

4. Unit Availability Investigation (UAI)

5. Advanced Analytical Cycle System (AACS)

o G0 (developed by EPRI, based upon point estimates of componentfailure and repair rates)

o RAM (uses probability distributions and confidence intervals forfailure and repair rates--if available)

The complete system will not be on line until 1984; as of this time, they arein the process of implementing the data acquisition phase of the GeneratingAvailability Data Reporting System.

CONSOLIDATED EDISON

Consolidated Edison has an advanced reliability and maintainability (R&M)program, transferring DoD/ NASA R&M technology to Consolidated Edison, which hasbeen developed over the past 10 years. The work encompasses most of the elements

of a good R&M Program.

Reliability engineering has provided the greatest return to ConsolidatedEdison in the following areas:

Failure Analysis

The root cause of repetitive failures has been determined in several areas.Deeper and more scientific analysis succeeded where past techniques had not.These skills are being brought in-house.

r ailure Mode and Effect Analysis

Rigor.ous, step-by-step analysis of the ways that systems can f ail and thedfect of each failure (with probabilities) has resulted in design changes and'mproved operating procedures.

IIT REsE ARCH INSTITUTE

..- - - - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ - . _ _ _

_j

- _ _ _ _ _ _

Desion Review

Reliability engineering design review has resulted in the establishment ofspecific contractual requirements for reliability, availability and

maintainability. It has also permitted introduction of human factorsconsiderations resulting in the reduction of both operating and maintenancemanpower. The chances of " operator error" have also been reduced. These

benefits are the result of review from a viewpoint different from pure system

function.

Data Management

Data systems have been set up that, while collecting reliability and

engineering data, are used to provide information to operating departments. Theinformation has made possible significant productivity increases and manpowersavings. The data capture and retrieval methods introduced by reliability

engineering have brought computer utilization and benefit directly to operatingpersonnel.

Spare Parts Analysis

Using failure and repair statistics as a basis for selection of spares hasreduced cost and increased equipment availability. Vendor recommendations oftentend toward expensive and/or high-profit items. This new approach uses failureand repair statistics to optimize the choice of spare parts.

Failure Prediction

Quantitative predictions of probability and frequency of failures and

determinations of the useful life of equipment have resulted in more cost-

effective purchases. They have also been used to good effect in capital equipmentand manpower budgeting.


- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Analysis of the total cost of equipment, including purchase price and cost ofinstallation, operation, maintenance and removal for replacement has shown some

surprising results. Lower life-cycle cost for equipment has resulted.

They have 9 in-house people (5 direct, 4 indirect) to support the reliabilityprogram and a contractual budget (~$250K) which enables them to tap any one of upto 100 outside specialists to do R&M studies,

t

Consolidated Edison purchases some equipment against quantitative

reliability specifications. See Appendix E for an example of an equipment

reliability specification used by Consolidated Edison. The reliability

specification is based upon MIL-STD-785, " Reliability Program for Systems &Equipment, Development and Production," which is used in DoD procurements. It

has been tailored to Consolidated Edison requirements.

One approach to equipment reliability specifications is to use ReliabilityImprovement Warranties (with incentives and penalties) based upon a life-cyclecost analysis. Consolidated Edison uses a 5-year warranty for specifiedavailability, leaving the contractor to establish the MTBF/MTTR trade-offs toachieve the specified availability.

Consolidated Edison intends to have at least 6 equipment reliability

specifications within the next 6 months. Future plans call for the developmentof a generic reliability specification from which individual equipment

reliability specifications can be tailored.

For reliability predictions, Consolidated Edison uses the exponential

distribution to time-to-failure because of its simplicity, relative accuracy,

and mathematical tractability.

Thus, the basic thrust of their program is to find the " cost drivers," andfix them to increase plant availability.


_ _ . .

_ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Consolidated Edison does have an internal Qualified Vendor's List from whichthey make their equipment buys based upon previous, good experience.

Consolidated Edison has in operation a rather sophisticated reliability and ,

maintainability data collection and analysis system for their plants. It is not

an in-house system; they buy it from a time-sharing organization.

To improve the adequacy and accuracy of their database, Consolidated Edisonis developing a computerized Power Plant Maintenance Improvement System (PPMIS).

The application of the data collection and analysis system is to increase

plant availability, perform trend analysis studies, and do PRA's.

NORTHEAST UTILITIES (EU)

NEU has a Reliability Engineering Group whose primary goal is to increaseplant availability. The program emphasis is on determining those componentswhich are the major contributions to plant unavailability and recommendingcorrective action.

The main elements of their program are:

1. Thermodynamic analyses of plants to find and locate components withcause power degradation.

2. Vibration signature analysis to detect impending failures.

3. In-service inspections to detect impending failures.

4. Root cause analysis studies to discover and correct the basic failuremodes and mechanism.

Although it is not yet in place, NEU is planning to develop and apply aReliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) concept for its plants in order to

optimize the maintenance process for maximum plant availability. They are

currently conducting an economic study using reliability data to develop an1ptimum procedure for buying spare motors. The study will be completed in 6nonths. NEU's policy on plant availability improvements is that the payback must

itT REsEARCH INSTITUTE

s _

_ - _ _ _ .

~

occur within one year; this is because of the problems that some utilities arehaving in obtaining investment capital.

NEU has a Qualified Vendor's List which is under the purview of the QualityAssurance (QA) Department. QA surveys prospective vendors who are not on thelist to insure that they will provide products of the required quality.

NEU does some equipment qualification testing in their ElectricalEngineering Group; they are primarily concerned with the aging of electricalinsulation.

NEU does not use reliability specifications to buy equipment. However, theysupport the concept, and are planning to use it in the future.

NEU has participated, and will continue to participate, in the InterimReliability Evaluation Program (IREP) in which a reliability evaluation is beingconducted on two of their plants. They anticipate that the two studies willrequire a total of 10 manyears.

NEU has conducted a PRA on Milestone 1. The Fault Tree Analysis (FTA)computer codes are currently on the NEU computer. NEU is developing an in-housecapability to do PRA's; they are also training their designers to make PRA's partof the design process.

NEU is in the process of developing a computerized plant data collection andanalysis system to develop MTBF and MTTR data in order to increase plantavailability.

In addition to plant-specific data, they plan on using data from:

1. NERC/ GADS

2. NPRDS

3. NRC Graybook

4. LER's

5. IEEE STD 500

IIT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

- _________ - _________ - ________-_______ .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

They are currently collecting the data manually and putting it into thedatabase. The nuclear plant database is in pretty good shape (from a computerizedstandpoint); the fossil plant data is still, mainly, manual.

CAROLINA POWER & LIGHT COMPANY

The Carolina Power & Light reliability efforts at corporate level are

concentrated in one individual. Others at corporate level are also performingreliability type functions, but primarily directed toward improving safety andefficiency. It has always been a " goal" to set up a formal Corporate ReliabilityProgram, but it has never been dona. Primarily, the reliability efforts have

been directed toward design and development of individual reliability programsat each of individual CP&L plants.

The Nuclear Safety Group at corporate level has assumed some reliabilityfunctions such as data collection, reviewing LER's from NRC and using NOTEPAD.These efforts have primarily been directed at meeting NRC requirements, and haveabsorbed the limited resources available. The Safety Group also does trendanalysis to determine root cause of failures and assess if failure is due to

normal wearout, random failure or overstressed conditions. They then attempt todetermine if a better part is available.

CP&L also collects data and performs analyses of plant operating conditionssuch as downtime, forced outages, maintenance records, and quality assuranceprograms, in order to improve plant efficiency and maintenance scheduling.

However, these data are not analyszed as part of a formal Reliability P ogram.CP&L's Corporate Material Control Division uses the data for inventory control,sparing, some quality control, and provides direction to plant reliability

engineers to work with manuf acturers on specific problem areas. A PreventiveMaintenance Mana'gement System has been established to look at all outage data to

adjust and prepy3n preventive maintenance. Also, CP&L works with Combustion

Engineering to 6|aluate root cause of failures and make recommendations (CP&Lmakesdecisionijtheycan,orshould,implementtherecommendations); Babcockand Wilcox looks at unit outage reports and also makes recommendations.

.

s 7! * IIT REsEARCH INSTITUTE5 1I | r

,- _ _ ___________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1

|

CP&L has a formalized Reliability Program at each of its operating plants.This program is fully supported and directed from corporate mangement, and hasbeen inoperation since mid-1980. The reliability activities are carried out

within each plant. A corporate level reliability engineer develops and

administers the overall program, but, primarily, he assures that the individualprograms are active. This involves assessing the reliability reports, providingfeedback and communication between individual programs, reviewing data andliterature applicable to programs, and providing training and assistance asrequired.

The Reliability Program at the individual plants is divided into threeactivities: miscellaneous administrative, preventive, and corrective. The

program is administered and directed by a reliability engineer at each plant, whois supported by the plant engineering and operating staff as needed.

The preventive activities are directed toward proper operation of the plant;the basic premise being that plant and equipment should be operated in fullaccordance with the manufacturer's operating and maintenance procedures. This

includes analysis of operating data to assure operation within manufacturer'sspecifications, calibration and verification of control and measurement

equipment, and developing 0&M procedures to fit specific conditions. They have

found these measures to work well in that most problems are resolved within thefirst three years after startup of a new plant.

The heart of the CP&L active Reliability Program is their corrective

activities which is essentially a formalized, systematic program to take care ofproblems which would improve availability. Each year the plant manager providesan estimate of the equivalent availability goal, based on scheduled outages, anda list of specific projects to be undertaken to achieve the goal. He then

justifies his efforts in meeting the goal through reliability improvement

projects. This does not necessarily mean that availability will go up during agiven year, since unscheduled operating outages, etc., can make availabilitybetter or worse than the goal.

The projects to be considered for the reliability program corrective

activities are normally the more significant problems within the plant. If the

Ili REsE ARCH INSTITUTE

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _

job can be handled by a " work ticket," it is not considered' a reliabilityproblem. New projects can be added to the program at any time. The work ticketsare reviewed and, if repeated jobs appear, they might be a source for a

reliability project.

The Reliability Program corrective activities are formalized in that theplant manager is required to hold a monthly meeting and provide a written reporton progress on projects underway, and new projects being undertaken. The personresponsible for the problem equipment, or area, is assigned responsibility forits soulution. He can assign appropriate persons to investigate the problem, andresearch and effect a solution. He may obtain help from line managers,reliability or engineering personnel, consultants, or other expertise fromwithin CP&L. The plant manager sets priorities for projects and is responsiblefor evaluating both short term and long term results of the corrective action.The plant reliabiltiy engineer oversees the projects fo- the plant manager.Monthly written reports are provided to corporate level management.

CP&L also has a Plant Efficiency Program which is similar to their

Reliability Program, only directed toward unit heat rate and other efficiencygoals.


-- _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

,

;

.-

, - .

APPENDIX C>

RELIABILITY ENGINEERING GUIDE

SAN DIEGO GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY

During the design of the Sundesert Nuclear Plant, Units 1 & 2, which werecanceled in 1978, the San Diego Gas and Electric Company developed a ReliabilityEngineering Guide. The guide presents the Management and Reliability

Engineering Activities which were to be implemented to achieve high

availability, capacity factor and system reliability.

The Guide is reproduced in this Appendix but the Appendices to the Guide arenot included.


- - - _ . . _ _ _ - . _ _ ___________________________)

-

a w. ta~ n

G~' b:'

.

hMbiSundesert Nuclear Plant

UNITS 1 & 2

RELIABILITY

ENGINEERING

GUIDE

Octooer 1976

Project ManagerSan Diego Gas & Electric Company

- _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

CONTENTS.

INT RODUCTION 1

MANAGEMENT 1

RELIABILITY ENGINEERING ACTIVITY 4

APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A: DEFINITION OF TERMS A-1'

APPENDLX B: ALLOCATION OF UNAVAILABILITY B-1

APPENDIX C: PRELIMINARY RELIABILITY AND MAINTAIN- C-1ABILITY ALLOCATIONS

APPENDIX D: PRELIMINARY RELIABILITY CRITICAL ITEMS D-1LIST (RCIL)

APPENDIX E: METHODS OF RELIABILITY ANALYSIS E- s

APPENDIX F: RELIABILITY GOALS ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES F-1

APPENDIX G: RELLABILITY ASSURANCE DATA SOURCES G-1

APPENDLX H: MOST FREQUENT CAUSES OF UNAVAILABILITY H-1AND LOW CAPACITY FACTORS

.

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ .

INTROD UCTION|

lt is the goal of the San Diego Gas & Electric Company (SDGLE) to design,i

construct, and operate the Sundesert Nuclear Plant to meet the highestpractical levels of availability, canacitv factor, and system reliability.Target availability and capacity factors at plant maturation are set at90 and 80 percent, respectively.

To achieve these goals, a systematic reliability engineering effort will beimplemented. The purpose of this guide is to stimulate and identify aspecific plan of action covering the desien phase of the Sundesert NuclearPlant (SNP). Guides for other phases of the plant life cycle will follow.The implementation of the guide is to proceed as an integral part of theproject design effort. While the guide covers only design, to be successfulits elements must be sustained throughout fabrication, construction, andoperation of the SNP. The guide applies to all SNP systems required forthe production of electrical power and for the prevention or mitigation ofaccidents. Implementation of the guide shall be in accordance with otherapplicable project control documents: industry standards; and Governmentregulations, guides, and standards.

The effsetiveness of application of the guide is strongly dependent onorganizstion, planning, data considerations, and training. These elementsare discussed in the context of management, the most fundamental qualityof any plan.

MANAGEMENT

SDGLE shall have overall responsibility for managing implementation ofthe Reliability Engineering Program (Figure 1). The SNP ReliabilityE__ncineer shall have direct access to his counterparts in the contractingorganizations. The SNP Project Manager shall be responsible andaccountable for the success of the program in achieving the availabilityg oal s. Day-to-day execution of the program will be the responsibility ofthe SNP Reliability Engineer.

The reliability engineering function:

Formulates plant availability goals and the related reliability.

and maintainability goals necessary to achieving availabilityg oals .

3 Definitions of terms in Appendix A.

1

- _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _

1

SDGLE

SUNDESEllT NUCLEAllPLANT PitOJECT

PIlOJ ECT hlANAGEll

1|

|.

-

SN P IIELI ABILITYENGINEEltING

FUNCTION

.

NUCLE All STE Ah! AllCillT ECT-ENGINE Ell CONSTitUCTOltSYSTEM SUPPLIEll

STONE & WEllSTEll STONE E WEBSTEll'' ')O

FIGUltE I*

OltG ANIZ ATION STitUCTUltEItELI AlllLITY ENGINEEltlNG - SUNDESEftT NUCLEAlt PLANT

.

___ .

. __

_ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ ___.

g

.

Establishes a systematic plan for implementing reliability goalse

through all phases of the design project.

Evaluates design characteristics, system and equipment con-.

cepts, and operating and maintenance plans to assure that goalsare achievable,

Provides tangible outputs such as trade-off studies; reliability /o

maintainability inputs to specifications; reliability evaluationsfor safety reports; maintainability design guidelines; and relia-bility requirements for specific research, development, andt e s tin g.

Directs and evaluates reliability training and indoctrinatione

programs for SDG&E and contractors.

Resolves problems identified by contractors in meeting relia-e

bility requirements.

Reviews and approves / concurs adequacy of reliability.

requirements:

- Procurement contracts and specifications.

- Contractor work plans / packages.

- Contractor specifications, drawings, analyses. and otherdocumentation.

- Contractor data sources.

- Test programs and operating and maintenance procedures.

Participates in design reviews..

Each SNP contractor shall be responsible for preparation and implementa-tion of an SDG&E-approved reliability program plan for use on SNPsystems for which he has lead design responsibility. The guide and theresulting program procedures, reviews, analyses, etc. , shall be inaccordance with the contract between SDGLE and the contractor. Aprimary requirement of each contractor program shall be that the con-tractor's reliability function have direct access to the contractor topmanagement and the SDG&E/SNP reliability function for timely resolutionof special problems.

3

-- ____ _ _ _____ --

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

1

I!

RELIABILITY ENGINEEllING ACTIVITY

The reliability encineering activity for the Sundesert Nuclear l>lant is out-

lined in Figure 2. The outline is not intended to be exhaustive. Theapproach is to be as brief as possible only highlightinc the main elements

of the reliability encineering effort beinc applied to Sundesert. To cive

focus to the enginee ring and design activities. such other matters as

management and personnel training. and procedures are only brieflymentioned. The activity description which follows is to be interpreted inthe context of its application. For example, the application depends on thesystem involved and the particular stace of the desien effort. For some

systems certain of the activities require an extensive amount of analysiswhile for others only minimum investigation is necessary.

Figure 2 has been developed to highlight what are considered to be themost critical elements of reliability engineering. These hichlights corre-

spond approximately to the top row of the activity network. Feedback anditeration loops are shown to indicate continuous adjustments in inputs andoutputs as the design progresses and as new information is developed. Noattempt has been made to quantify the feedback loops: nor does the absenceof a particular feedback necessarily mean that it does not exist. As a

s ta rt , and based on limited desi::n data. a preliminary allocation has beenmade for Sundesert together with a first cut at a reliability critical items

list (11CIL). The allocations have been made both in terms of unavailability(Appendix D) and availability (Appendix C). Where data permitted. consid-eration was given to subsystems (e. g. , turbine blades) of first line systems(e. g. , tu rbine ). A preliminary reliability critical items list is presentedas Appendix D.

Figure 2 presents the flow and structure of the various reliabi'ity engineer-ing activities. A brief description of each activity is given be.ow. Thenumbers match those of Figure 2.

1. Set Availability Goal for l>lant

it is the goal of SDG AE to design, construct. and operate the SN1)to meet the highest practical levels of availability, cacacity

factor. and system reliabilitv. Target availability and capacityfactors at plant maturation are set at 90 and 80 percent,respectively.

2. l'e rform Systems Analysis

To perform reliability engineering, it is necessary to define thesystem to be engineered. The total system of concern includes

4

_ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ - _ _ __ -

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - -

. . . .-.- .

H '* O Z !fit 2

fij E x!+-

*1g* *Ig. .*-

>1 I

3 . J }. [:I .I 3 . 3- H i1 8 * ~ > *'3*. . --E5 } j -

1aEj:*}w 'j63 T I "! :.;1. ~'U m.

t - 4*.

1 ."* C- -

E 3m.

.1.---- 12'

23I

*

I a;

I I

i , iiI Esj. .

I 8! II!!i !$gsfi :i':2 i: :r| a = 3. ? L 4:a'w: : :

<2**; . , ,

I i ' i

l

It

I .stF. - = = 1:t *:J

*w

Ie

! t

I ii i

i

Il 2 ,i is. : ,.i , a . :} * j.2 L11 1.3T:3 3f---- :2 2 : ' .) .i L i E }'

I 36,4 j- --

= 2 .| f ? T f

tt i i e ial

* '=el

-:lg.

'l tij5 *'l.**

*F---- iiis iti.f d .i s. .i i. i. .i --l *

1- .c=,

,i

| . I I

|..

| Go2 I .EJp..... I12- 1 J!::t 6.2. ;

w . !.13v.3*"

I . . .

1 '. .,

I

I.-- I: 2

f gg a

I n;zu< ~

|* L_

,. 1

i

i

I. s.

I.

t '; ~p..-. .

ItsI .

1 .

I !

| i i

I

II* 2

.

I }..

t * *J22 C

6.11 3;+}i}*=

:II aI w

I . .

I ! ii i

e

' f' 11ja 1'

:ps

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ ._ ._

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

the nuclear island, the energy conversion system, the contain-ment, the plant site, and supporting software. De it the total

system or a subsystem such as the feedwater system, it is

nues,sar f to determine the functional relationships of com-

ponents and subassemblies. The systems affecting reliability

a re identified and functional and general physical des criptionsare developed. Information developed will be system equipment

configurations, including redundant and standby functionalrelationships and functional dependencies within and betweensystems. This activity provides a concise description of princi-pal design crite ria, operating cha racte ristics. and reliabilityimplications. Of course, this is an activity continually updated

as the design progresses.

3. Define Constraints and Policies

The impacts of safety, construction, and operating constraints on

the system are delineated. Ope rating, m.tintenance, and t estingpolicies are described and made visible to the design and relia-

bility engineering effort.

4. Precare Reliability Model

The purpose of the model is to define the reliability relationshipof components and systems. The models may vary from simpleblock diagrams to complex logic diagrams involvinc fault trees

or event trees. The model need not be complex. A simplermodel, consisting of a simple diagram and a few equations, isadequate for many purposes. Selected techniques are highlightedin Appendix E. The main objective at this point is to becin a

mechanism of ferreting out reliability intensive components andsystems. The model will provide a basis for design trade-off

studies, design selection, and components / parts selection.

5. Allocate Goals

The overall plant goal will be allocated (apportioned) to the lowestsystem / component level justified by the stage of the design. W hilethere are numerous methods of allocation (see Appendix F). car!yin the design it is often adequate to allocate according to com-

plexity and predicted failure rates and repair times. The mainpurpose of the allocation is to translate reliability requirementsinto understandable design goals at a level where they can havethe most impact on system performance. Allocation is the

6

._. ._ . _ _ _ _ . _-

|

l

inverse process to a reliability prediction. In fact, it is aniteration between the two that converges to the most meaninciul

allocation. As the design effort continues, the allocation

becomes increasingly refined.

6. Obtain Data

There are numerous data sources available (Appendix G). U sinethese and other sources of failure rate and repair data, appro-

priate data are to be selected for each significant failure mode insystems / components and pe rsonnel. If environmental factors areavailable, they too should be used. These data are used as pre-

dictive input and should be the best available. When data arelackinc, estimated failure and repair rates are used and are so

identified.

7. Pe rform Failure Analysis

Failure analysis deals with the system fine structure and, in

particular, is performed to isolate and identify weaknesses in thedesign. Numerous qualitative and quantitative methods are avail-

able (Appendix E). Failure analysis will progress from system

to component level and from failure mode analysis and faulthazard analysis to common mode and fault tree analysis. Failure

mode and effect analysis developed in the military programs isthe best known. FMEA is a qualitative technique which involvesthe identification and tabulation of the ways (or modes) in which

a part/ component can fail. The final objective of failure analysis

regardless of method is the determination of ways to eliminate

or reduce the probability of incidence of critical failure modes to

improve the desien. It is the key activity for exposinc corrective

actions.

M. Comeute Reliability

The combination of the reliability model (Step 4) and the failure

analysis (Step 7) provides a meaningful basis for predictincreliability. The approach is usually to develop equations for

series-parallel components representative of the system (exactly,o r, if the system is complex, an approximation is usually made).Because of the high level of complexity of nuclear systems, thereliability computation is often waived in favor of computinc

availability. This is because steady-state availability is simple rto compute and in fact contains reliability. If the system happensto be simple, and many nuclear plant subsystems are, then it is

7

_ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______

|

useful to make the reliability calculation. In any event, this is

the step for refining the reliability paramete rs, most notably,

failure rates and operating cor.ditions.

9. Conduct Maintenance Encineerine

Maintainability engineering will be performed to define sparesallocation and to predict repair, replacement, and restoration

time s . The necessary operation and maintenance actions to keepequipment or systems operating will be defined. Analysis will beperformed to evaluate the degree of achievement of the maintain-

ability design goals, including logistics and pe rs onnel inte raction.Particular attention is to be given to equipment access andsimplicity of required ope rations.

10. Develoo Reliability Critical Items List (RCIL)

A reliability critical items list will be gene rated and maintained

identifying and ranking those s ystems / equipments / componentscontribut'ng most to uncertainties in meeting reliability goals.Inputs to the RCIL shall be based on failure analysis and relia-bility computations. A key factor in making the list is equipmentwhose failure could cause an unsafe condition or could causeloss or impairment of availability for power production either

directly or as a result of long repair or replacement times.

Therefore, criticality is based on the role of the equipment in

the system (obtained from the system model) and its failure,

and repair characteristics (obtained from data and failure

analysis ). Early in design and for the hierarchy systems, it

is possible to perform a criticality ranking just based on a

judgment of the uncertainties of the system and its overall

importance to reliability. For example. a preliminary RCILfor Sundesert first line systems was developed and is presentedin Appendix D.

I1. Predict Reoair/ Reclacement/ Restoration Times

Repair times of equipment will be predicted to the lowest level in

the system consistent with the progress of the design. Theplanned repair method will be dete rmined and estimates of equip-ment restoration times made.

8

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ __ -

-- - _ _ _ _ . __

12. Pe rform Design Review

A design review board will periodically evaluate critical designsI

and considerations to provide additional assurance that the equip-ment and systems are capable of achieving the performance and

A primary resource for pe rformine thereliability requirements.| Thus. design reviews will be a forumreview will be the RCIL. test results, andfor reviewing checklists, design changes,

The " design" in a design reviewimpact of reliability analysis.is the set of drawings, layouts, specifications, pe rfo rmanc e

analyses, and system design descriptions thatpredictions,describe what is to be manufactured, ordered, installed, andope rated. The design review of items on the RCIL shall beand maintainability studies. Thesesupported by design, failure,studies shall verify that the design is acceptable from a reliability /maintainability standpoint or shall identify problem areas whichmust be resolved to obtain acceptable design and possible solutions.Any problems revealed that would prevent the achievement ofallocated availability goals will result in a "!IOLD. "

hiembers of the design review team shall be selected or approvedby SDGhE who will also establish meeting schedules and agendas.

13. Define Soare Parts and Locistics

hiaintenance and reliability considerations will be the basis forproviding adequate spares to permit transfer of operable equip-ment from supply to use and failed equipment from use to storage.Operating and maintenance locistics are to be based on achievingplant availability goals.

Establish Insoection/ htaintenance / Test Recuirements14

Based on the maintainability and reliability analysis, inspectionTheseintervals and test requirements will be established.

requirements will be compared with the goal allocations and theNiaintenanceassumptions made in the availability computation.requirements will be established to assure system operabilityand reliability. These requirements will addres s procedures,

The inspection and test require-laydown space, and resources. andments are to be defined in terms of scope, duration,fr equency.

9

_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __. . _ _ _ - - _ -

|15. Identifv Human Factors

Studies will be made of the interaction requirements betweenpeople and equipment / systems to assure achievement of perfor-mance goals. Emphasis will be on operations and maintenance.In particular, during design, people interaction considerationswill be given to all conceivable modes of the equipment / systemincluding normal operations, outages (planned and forced), andaccidents. Human factors will become an integral part ofachieving reliability control.

16. Take Corrective Action

Based on information presented for design review and the recom-mendations of the design review board, a corrective action planwill be developed. A log will be maintained of all known relia-bility (and other) problems with recommended solutions andnames of persons responsible for carrying out the action. Theimplementation of corrective actions shall be traceable.

Options to be considered in corrective actions include:

Examination of data sources to validate need for correctivee

action.

Testing to verify that need for corrective action is valid.e

Selection of more reliable equipment and systems surveil-e

lance techniques.

Use of redundancy.e

Use of shorter test inspection and maintenance intervalse

(for reliability improvement).

Redesign for shorter repair times..

Elimination of operator / maintenance induced failures.e

Addition of physical or procedural safeguards.e

Reallocation of goals to eliminate need for corrective action.e

Appendix H is a list of those systems and items which past experi-ence indicates as frequent contributors to unavailability.

10

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _

_ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

17. Compute Availability

The failure and reliability analysis together with predictedrepair times enable the system / plant availability to bec omput ed. Availability involves both reliability and maintain-ability. The results from the availability calculation provide ameasure of the ability to meet the system goals. Substantialinformation now exists for making decisions about systempe rfo rmanc e.

1H. Develoo Reliability and Maintainability ProcurementSoecifications

Engineering and equipment specifications are among the mostimportant tools for achieving visibility and control of reliabilityand maintainability. The intent is that the specification shouldbe written to assure that a procured equipment meets its relia-bility and maintainability goals. Reliability and maintainabilityspecifications can vary widely depending on the role of the equip-ment, its complexity, and industry experience in the applicationof reliability enginee ring. It is intended that, wherever possible.quantitative requirements be specified. Such requirementsinclude failure rates, repair times, inspection intervals,environmental factors, and spares. In some cases, demonstra-tion or testing will be required.

19. Pe rform Corrective Action- Audit

An audit function will be implemented which initiates and moni-tors corrective action and reliability improvement.

20 Make Decision

Dased on the availability computation, decisions can be made toaccept or reject designs. to chance the reliability goals. or tomake refinements in the reliability enginee ring effort. Natu rally,decision points will occur at several different staces of the

design as well as along several different points in the reliabilityprocess.

21. Define Interface Recuirements and System Constraints

Reliability control is very dependent on a clear understanding ofsystem constraints and interfaces. Too often is heard the

.11

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -----

l__ _ _ _ - - - _ - - _ _

expression "our system was caused to fail by somebody else's. "System interfaces and constraints are to be defined in terms ofsuch considerations as instrumentation and control, allowablethermal and mechanical loads, process conditions includingwater chemistry, and compatibility of person-machineinte ractions .

22. Precare Installation. Cons truc tion , and Startue and Oce rationsIns t ructions

All is lost unless the reliability and maintainability state-of-mindthat is cultivated during design is sustained throughout construc-tion and op ration. An important element of this process is,during design, to prepare instructions for later phases of theplant life cycle which are truly rooted in reliability and perfor-mance considerations.

23. Achieve Reliability Control

The result of this systematic reliability engineering effort is acontinuing achievement of plant reliability control. The visibilityof reliability activities enhances project ccmmunication andmanagement.

.

12

_ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_

_

,-

1

APPENDIX 0

<

LRM

CRBRP RELIABILITY -s

PROGRAM PLAN (DRAFT)

The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project developed a detailed description ofthe essential elements of their Reliability Program Plan. Included are the

atprinciple LRM activities, organizational responsibilities, management structureand management tools and procedures to be used to assure high reliability.

A draft copy is reproduced in this Appendix.


_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . J

- . . . _ _ _ _ _ _

_

REV. 0

.,

.

.

LRM

CRBRP RELIABILITY

PROGRAM PLAN

March 20,1981REV. 0

.

Prepared by:

YbYrD. 'd GilesLRM Licensing

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . .

_

.. - . . . . . . . . . . - - . - ------ -. - -- -- --

REV. O

s

- TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION

3.0 PRINCIPLE ACTIVITIES

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Qualitative Analysis

3.2.1 Reliability Related Components List (RRCL)

3.2.2 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

3.2.3 Common Cause Failure Analysis

3.2.4 Interfacing Systems

3.2.5 Reliability Design Support Document

3.3 Quantitative Analysis

3.3.1 RSS Quantitative Assessment

3.3.2 SHRS Quantitative Assessment

3.4 Supporting Programs

4.0 RELIABILITY PROGRAM STRUCTURE

5.0 RELIABILITY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Reliability Program

5.2 Organization

5.2.1 Resources

5.2.2 Communication

- ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

. . . . _ . . - . . - - -

REV. O

n.

5.3 Responsibility.

5.3.1 Responsibility of Participants

5.3.2 Interface Relationships

5.3.3 Design Implementation

5.4 Planning

5.5 Document Control

5.6 Review and Audit

5.6.1 Reliability Program Management Reviews

5.6.2 Audits

5.7 Reporting'

5.7.1 Reports

Appendix Reliability Program Requirements and Guidelines

.

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

i . _ . _ _ . . . _ . . ._.

REV. 0

,.

FIGURES AND TABLES.

FIGURE 3.0-1 PROGRAM ACTIVITY STRUCTURE

FIGURE 3.2-1 SAFETY-RELATED SYSTEMS

FIGURE 5.3-1 PROGRAM ORGAtlIZATIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES

TABLE 4.0-1 RELIABILITY RELATED COMPONENTS LIST (RRCL)

.

't'

e

' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _ __ _____ _______ ___ ______________________________|''

- _ _ _ _ _

m -

REV. O

CRBRP Reliability ProgramPlan

.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this document is to identify the principal LRM activities,organization responsibilities, management structure, and the management pro -cedures and tools used to assure that the program objective of enhancing theCRBRP design through integration of the reliability discipline and techniquesis achieved. The reliability program requirements are specified in OPDD-10and the program and all its associated activities are described in Appendix"C" of the PSAR. This document will detail the essential elements of theprogram briefly but primarily will describe the LRM's implementation of theCRBRP Reliability Program.

2.0 PROCRAM DESCRIPTION

Each of the potential sources for release of radiological species hasbeen evaluated. The results of this evaluation determined where reliabilityprogram resources should be applied in order to maximize the health and safetybenefit to the public. Program activities are focused on preventing the lossof coolable geometry in the reactor core. The rationale supporting this con-clusion is summarized in Appendix "C" of the PSAR.

The success of two different missions is necessary and sufficient tomaintain coolable core geometry. One is the reactor shutdown mission whichencompasses the plant protection systems capability to detect and processcritical plant parameter anomalies into shutdown commands and the primary andsecondary control rod systems capability to respond to those commands byinsertion of sufficient negative reactivity worth to successfully shut thereactor down. The other is the shutdown heat removal mission which encom-passes the shutdown heat removal systems capability to bring the reactorfrom initiation of shutdown to thermal equilibrium at standby. The reliabi-lity program focus is on systematic failure analysis and assessment of com-ponents, subsystems and systems' whose failure to function could prevent ordegrade mission success.

A Reliability Related Components List (RRCL) is baselined in an ICD toidentify those plant equipments that can contribute to the success or fail-ure of the safety mission. It organizes the safety critical equipment ofsystems into logical groups, subsystems, or ccmponents for analysis anddocumentation.

There are two distinguishable analytical efforts to the overall program:

1) The qualitative analysis effort which is structured by the RRCL toalign with the component and system design responsibilities ofengineering, and,

2) The quantitative analysis effort which models the success logic ofthe overall Reactor Shutdcwn System (RSS) and the failure logic ofthe overall Shutdown Heat Removal System (SHRS) to allow systemfailure probability predictions.

* SCD level

-. . . _ _ _ .

_ _

Page Two REV. O

i

The qualitative effort is an integral part of the design developmentprocess. The emphasis is on the identification, analysis, and closecut of thefailure modes of the RRCL components anda ystems. Areas of concern or uncer-s

tainty are identified by the analyses for resolution. These analyses arescheduled to support the design development an_d review process. The findingsand conclusions from the analyses are summarized ar.d presented at the compo-nent and systems design review. The final results of the qualitative assess-ment program are documented in Reliability Design Support Documents (RDSDs).

The quantitative effort is concerned with modeling the failure logic ofthe RSS and the SHRS. Failure rates are assigned to the component failuremodes. When the failure logic is math modeled, computerized studies are con-ducted to evaluate the reliability of the overall RSS and SHRS systems andtheir sensitivity to changes in operating assumptions, systems configurations,failure probability assignments, etc. On a comparative basis the modelstudies provide valuable insights into the system interactions and dependen-cies. These studies aid in an understanding of the design and operationalcharacteristics of the subsystems and systems, and they support the designdecision making process. The Reactor Shutdown System and Shutdown Heat RemovalSystem quantitative reliability assessments are conducted and documented inde-pendently from the qualitative RDSD documentation program. Insights are ex-changed between the qualitative and quantitative assessment programs throughthe Controlled Information Data Transmittal System.

There are other program elements which influence or are influenced by thereliability analysis program. The most important of these are the design per-formance, verification and qualification test programs that are being conductedon RSS and SHRS equipment. Early reliability program analysis efforts are in-fluential in the structure of these test programs. The validity of the relia-bility assessments are predicated on successful test program results. If

failures occur, corrective actions are developed and verified by engineeringand the impact of these failures on the numerical predictions are evaluated bythe reliability organization. Other CRBRP project elements are also importantto the reliability assessments. They include the quality control programs,qualification program, inservice inspection and testing, operations, mainte-nance, and configuration control programs which effect the plant safety-relatedequipment.

3.0 PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

3.1 Introduction

Design and perfomance requirements, industry standards, regulatorycriteria and guidance are imposed by 0PDD-10 and expanded into detailedrequirements in SDD's and equipment specifications. The reliability pro-gram is designed and structured as illustrated in figure 3.0.1 to proceedin parallel with the design effort. Established reliability methods andanalytical techniques are employed that have been used in D00, NASA,nuclear industry, and non-nuclear industry programs. They include fail-ure mode and effects analysis, common cause failure analysis and logicmodeling and numerical assessment. These analyses are conducted to iden-tify component and system failure modes, to analyze their effects, and toassess the adequacy of component design features to minimize potentialfailures. These analyses also evaluate system design features (e.g.redundancy) to mitigate component failure consequences on the system

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________ _

. . __ . _ _ _ _ . . _ .. . . . . ._ _

REV. 0

.

PSAR APPENDIX "C" 1 OPDD-10'

O.

LRMRELIABILITY

,PROGRAM

SDD

4 vi

A&E RM

RELIABILITY RELIABILITYPROGRAM PROGRAM

v

E-SPEC's yRRCL

'/FMEA

RELIABILITY CCFAASSESSMENTS RDSD

b \

,

DESIGN V

REVIEWS TEST PROGRAMS CInDT'sb

.A

DESIGN REVIEW RELIABILITY k $/REPORT DESIGN MODELS- ~

SUPPORT''

DOCUMENT

FINAL DESIGNRELEASE

v

OVERALL ASSESSMENTSRSS

SHRS

d

FSAR

Figure 3.0-1 PROGRAM ACTIVITY STRUCTURE

- _ _ _ .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

. . - - . . - . .-

|

Page ThreeREV. 0

|

||| function. This analytical effort is integrated into the design develop-

ment process to maximize early awareness of areas that require correctiveactions. Program findings that impact the design are integrated intothe program throughout the process. The resolution of reliability pro-gram findings along with other design support disciplines are reviewedand approved or otherwise dispositioned at the equipment and systemdesign reviews..

Logic diagrams for the overall RSS and SHRS are constructed, quanti-fied and math modeled. This allows numerical assessment of the RSS andSHRS probability of failure and supports identification of the systemsdominant contributors to failure and the sensitivity of the system tomodeling assumptions and changes. This modeling effort and the qualita-tive assessment proceed in parallel and the insights gained from eacheffort are exchanged.

3.2 Qualitative Analysis

The Safety Related Reliability Program requirements are specified inparagraph 7.2 of OPDD-10. Systems and selected subsystems or componentswhich have the potential to degrade or prevent the safety functions ofreactor shutdown or shutdown heat removal will be qualitatively analyzedas an integral part of the design development process and the analyseswill be documented as a necessary part of the design documentation.

3.' 2.' 1 Reliability Related Conoonents List (RRCL)

The Reliability Related Components List (RRCL) is the baselinelist of the systems and lower level equipment that require a reliabil-ity analysis in support of the equipment at design reviews. Figure3.2-1 lists the reliability program for the RSS and SHRS functionalsystems specified in OPDD-10. The systems specified in OPDD-10 areanalyzed and the list is indexed to a lower subsystem, component, orcomponent group level appropriate for separate analysis. The relia-bility related components listing is baselined to the appropriateanalysis level and maintained in Interface Control Document ICDCLS4012.

3.2.2 Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is the reliabilityanalysis methodology that provides a disciplined approach in thesearch for random failure modes and identifies their functionaleffects on a component, subsystem, system or overall systems.

The FMEA format identifies the part, or assembly, and itsfunction. It lists the failure modes that could prevent or degradethe safety-related function.For each failure mode identified causes

are listed and their effects are assessed. The rationale for accep-tance of the design, test, or procedural features that control thepotential failure mode are developed or additional actions requiredto control the failure mode are developed. The additional actionsrequired to resolve significant concerns or uncertainties aretracked to resolution. FMEAs are performed at the component orlogical component group level, and at the system (SDD) level. At a

_ _ - _ _ - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _

'

l

i

OVERALL PLANT DESIGN DESCRIPTION

(0PDD-10)'

I| II

REACTOR SIIUTDOWN SYSTEMS (RSS) SilUIDOWN llEAT REMOVAL SYSTEMS (SilRS)_

-SYSTEM 31 REACTOR SYSTEM |-SYSTEM 31 REACTOR SYSTEM

-SYSTEM 32 REACTOR ENCLOSURE SYSTEM -SYSTEM 32 REACTOR ENCLOSURE SYSTEM |

| -SYSTEM 90 PLANT CONTROL SYSTEM- -SYSTEM 51A PRIMARY HEAT TRANSPORT

SYSTEMf| -SYSTEM 51B INTERMEDIATE llEAT| TRANSPORT SYSTEM|

-SYSTEM 92 REACTOR AND VESSEL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM -SYSTEM 52 STEAM GENERATOR AUXILIARY- HEAT REMOVAL SYSTEM

-SYSTEM 95 FLUX MONITORING SYSTEM -SYSTEM 53 STEAM GENERATOR SYSTEM,

| - SYSTEM 99 PLANT PROTECTION SYSTEM -SYSTEM 56 REACTOR HEAT TRANSPORTINSTRUMENTATION & CONTROLSYSTEM

-SYSTEM * 68 PIPING AND EQUIPMENT ELEC-TRICAL llEATING & CONTROL

INTERFACE ANALYSIS ONLY TO EVALUATE*SYSTEM,

IllFLUENCE ON SilRS.

NOTE: AllALYSIS OF TilESE PRIMARY SYSTEMS IDENTIFY-SYSTEM 81 AUXILIARY LIQUID METAL SYSTEM

IfiPORTANT INTERFACING SECONDARY SYSTEMSTHAT REQUIRE ANALYSIS. THESE ARE CONTROLLED

-SYSTEM * 82 INERT GAS RECEIVING & PRO-CESSING SYSTEM

BY INTERFACE DATA TRANSMITTALS.

-SYSTEll 90 PLANT CONTROL SYSTEM

-SYST 49 PLANT PROTECTION SYSTEM'

FIGURE 3.2-1 SAFETY-RELATED SYSTEMS.

- -

- ___

_

Page Four REV. O'

minimum a FMEA is required at each RRCL component and system leveldesign review. A sumary of the reliability assessment and itsfindings is presented to the review team. The necessary actions foropen concerns and uncertainties are identified and entered into theProject Centralized Action Correspondence Control System and trackedto a final resolution.

- These analyses identify the need for changes to the design,test, analysis, or procedures for the ccrnoonent or system or pro-vide additional assurance that the design is adequate. In theirfinal fann the System Reliability Design Support Documents providea record of the projects qualitative reliaoility program and itsfindings.

3.2.3 Common Cause Failure Analysis

Common Cause Failure Analyses (CCFA) are conducted to eval-uate functionally redundant trains for system susceptability tofailure as a result of single events. The CRBRP shutdown and shut-down heat removal systems have been designed to have redundancy forcritical functions that is independent and where appropriate,diverse. The purpose of CCFA is to ensure that no single eventshave been overlooked that could fail the systems safety relatedfunctions.

Checklists of historical common failure causes are tailoredto the unique characteristics of the redundant systems operatingenvironment and function. A systematic search is conducted forcommon cause failure susceptability in each redundant train. Therandom failure modes identified by FMEA are examined for potentialoccurrence due to identified commonalities. Significant concernsor uncertainties are identified for project review and action asrequired.

CCFA is performed at the component level when appropriate andat the system (SDD) level. Common dependencies are entered into theoverall system models (e.g. electrical pcwer sources, environmentalconditioning,etc.). External phenomena (i .e. , flood, fire, earth-quake, tornado, etc.),are design basis events for safety-relatedequipment which are also included in CCFA. The qualitative CCFAaddresses the adequacy of the design features and, when quantifiableand considered significant, are treated in the system level numericalassessment. The CCFA results provide additional assurance that safety-critical functions considered to be redundant are in fact redundant.Potential events or system conditions that could nullify redundanciesare identified for corrective action. The significant findings ofCCFA's are integrated into the design /develognent process for CRBRP.

3.2.4 Interfacino Systems ~

Interface dependencies are identified and are analyzed incomponent and system level FMEAs and for possible single pointfailures that violate redundancies in CCFAs. The primary interfacelist in the SDDs serve as a checklist of the interface requirementsneeded from support systems, and provide the link for continuity ofcoverage from system to system.

_-.

_ _ _ _ _ _

. .-

Page Five REV. O

The RSS and SHRS modeling programs evaluate the systemsacross interfaces. The infomation developed in the qualitativeanalyses support and verify the accuracy of the quantitative modelfrom interface to interface. The project Controlled InfomationData Transmittal (CInDT) system is used to insure the cognizant de-sign engineer's review and concurrence with the SHRS model for operating

~

assumptions and reasonableness of the failure probabilities. Themodeling programs for the RSS and SHRS include consideration ofsystem interactions and dependencies on Balance of Plant systems(BOP). The SHRS model is used to develop a list of Balance ofPlant (B0P) systems that are supportive to the shutdown heat removalsystem. The list is ranked by importance to success of the SHRSmission. It provides guidance in focusing the BOP reliabilityefforts on the B0P systems that support the SHRS.

3.2.5 Reliability Design Succort Document

The Reliability Design Support Document (RDSD) records thecomplete qualitative reliability assessment of equipment identifiedon the RRCL.

It provides a description of the equipment, its primaryfunctions and special design requirements, and describes its rolein or its interface with the system and identifies potential conse-quences resulting from failures. Each RDSD also defines the analy-tical. methods, and input data. It incorporates the FMEA and CCFAand sumarizes their results. Special design analyses, test programresults, quality programs, operations, and other supporting programactivities are discussed. Conclusions are presented and significantconcerns or uncertainties, if identified and unresolved, are high-lighted with recomendations and actions for their resolution. Theyprovide a project record of the qualitative safety-related reliabil-ity programs, scope, methods, findings, conclusions and the finaldisposition of reliability-related concerns. RDSDs, supplied aspart of design review package, are prepared for the system at theSDD level. The level at which analyses are conducted and documentedis selected to support the component and system design review level.Selected lower level groups of equipment are analyzed and reliabilityassessments are provided for the lower level design reviews. Theremaining system equipments are analyzed in detail in their systems'FMEA and are sumarized in their system level RDSD. CCFA's are con-ducted at the system level and when appropriate at the componentlevel. Lower level assessments are included or sumarized in theirsystem level RDSD. The purpose of the RDSD is to support the designdevelopment process and to record the qualitative reliability pro-gram and its results. RDSD's are included as part of the finalsystem design review data package.

3.3 Ouantitative Analysis

The overall reliability of the RSS and the SHRS will be assessedquantitatively.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ -. . _ ________ _______--____ ____ __

___

e

t

Page Six REV. O

Complex models have been constru;ted that graphically represent thesuccess / failure logic for the RSS and the SHRS. When quantified, themodels provide a tool for identifying the systems significant contribu-tors to failure probability. They permit studies that aid in understand-ing the systems sensitivities. Sensitivi.ty studies are conducted toexplore input uncertainties (e.g. failure rate assignments, operating

~ assumptions, etc.) or may be used to evaluate the value of design oroperational options.

Source data for model construction includes, but is not limited to

Project design documentation, the qualitative reliability analyses (FMEA,CCFA, RDSD, etc.) from the RMs and the B&R reliability programs, and thetest programs. Adjustment of historical data for use in the models isbased on engineering judgement considering experience with similarmechanisms.

The functional balance of the design from a reliability viewpointis assessed. The graphics of the models are an aid in qualitative eval-uation of the system for subtle interactions and dependencies. Basecase predictive values of system failure probability are calculated.

The models are constructed at the RSS and SHRS mission levels. Thepotential failure contributions of all primary, secondary, and auxiliarysystems important to the RSS or SHRS missions are considered in themodels. The contributions to system failure probability at any levelcan be determined.

Sensitivity studies with the SHRS model will be conducted to quanti-fy the contribution to SHRS failure probability of each B&R system to theindividual functional interface level. The functional interface listwill be ranked by importance allowing minor contributors to be eliminatedfrom the B&R Reliability Related Critical Interface List (RRCIL).

The value of the modeling and quantitative assessment program is inits use as a design tool. It is a valuable aid in understanding a com-plex system and the importance of its component parts to the overallsystems mission. Its purpose is to assist the plant designers in thedevelopment of a balanced design of safety-related equipment for reliability.

3.3.1 RSS Quantitative Assessment

The quantitative reliability assessment of the Reactor Shut-down System conservatively predicts that the RSS will operateorders of magnitude more . reliably than .the SHRS. In order to. approachtn'e objective of a balanced design for CRBRP reliability quantitative~~~

progFam r~esources are being concentrated on the SHRS. However, thisassessment shall be reviewed relative to the findings from the testprogram and the on-going qualitative reliability analysis program.As the design development analysis and test programs are ccmoleted,the assessment shall be reviewed by engineering and reliability todetermine if an update is required. Other program results that in-fluence reliability (qualitative programs, waivers / deviations, keysystem reviews, etc.) shall be considered in these reviews.

3.3.2 SHRS Ouantitative Assessment

Modeling and quantitative assessment of the Shutdown HeatRemoval System is a continuing process throughout the design

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Page Seven REV. O

development and test programs. The SHRS dependencies, f r.teractionsand dearth of a relatable empirical data base demands careful eval-uations to ensure that the sign,ificant contributors, their operat-ing and failure characteristics', and failure data uncertainties areproperly addressed. It is an iterative process of establishing abase case prediction, identifying the dominant contributors to

- unreliability, examining the contributors through sensitivitystudies, refining the modeling assumptions to account for additionalplant capability, or making design / procedural modifications and re-establishing the base case. Design reviews of the model are heldand special meetings of design and model specialists are convenedto ensure realistic treatment of the significant contributors toSHRS failure probability and to identify corrective actions asappropriate.

3.4 Succorting Programs

The results from the design /perfomance verification and qualifica-tion test programs for critical systems are factored into the qualitativeand quantitative reliability assessment programs. Successful design per-fornance development test programs support the failure data judgementsthat were developed from historical experience for similar equipment insimilar operating environments. The Reliability Program related equip-ment test programs are monitored to assure that reliability related re-quirements are satisfied through the failure reporting analysis andcorrective action programs, with the aid of the unusual-occurrence re-porting system, and by the day-to-day interactions of reliability withthe responsible engineering organizations. The results of test programsand other project activities pertinent to the reliability of the RRCLequipments are discussed in the development and final documentation ofthe reliability program results in system RDSDs. Consideration shallinclude related information internal and external to the project such asquality assurance, change control, FFTF experience, base technologytests, foreign breeder experience, LWR experience, and NRC interactions.The final Reliability Program and its findings will be summarized in theFinal Safety Analysis Report.

4.0 RELIABILITY PROGRAM STRUCTURE

Project Office policy, budget allocation, and schedular constraints areinterpreted, the programs' objectives identified, the methods developed, andthe activities of the participants are defined and coordinated to ensure im-plementation of an integrated CRBRP Reliability Program.

The LRM has fiscal and technical management responsibility for the Safety-Related Reliability Program. The scope of the LRM's program includes the NSSSsystems that are the design responsibility of the LRM. This includes identi-fication of the reliability-related interfacing NSSS and BOP systems for whichBurns and Roe (B&R) has design and reliability analysis responsibility. TheseB&R supportive system interfaces are identified initially by qualitative re-view of the reliability SHRS and RSS modeling work. The list of identified

. . . . ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _. _ _ _ _ _ . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

,.- __

Page Eight

system interfaces is issued by the LRM reliability program for guidance insupport of the BAR reliability program. The LRM has the responsibility toreview the B&R reliability analysis and integrate the results into the overallreliability program.

The equipment in the LRM systems that require qualitative analyses areidentified by ICD CL54012 which baselines the Reliability Related ComponentsList (RRCL). Table 4.0-1 lists the type of analyses that are performed foreach item on the list and identifies the responsible RM.

W-RM has overall responsibility for the modeling and nwnerical assessmentprogram for the Reactor Shutdown System. The GE-RM has overall responsibilityfor the modeling and nwnerical assessment program for the Shutdown HeatRemoval System. These responsibilities include obtaining sufficient under-standing of the equipment to integrate the functional and interactive failurecharacteristics of the complete system; and researching the failure rate his-tories of like or similar equipment in order to assign realistic failure prob-abilities to the failure modes of interest. All participants in the LRM'squalitative analysis program and B&R are responsible for providing support tothe modeling organizations in the form of consultation on request and by com-prehensive review of the modeling of their equipment to ensure logicalportrayal of operating characteristics and reasonableness of the railure rateassignments . The Project Controlled Information Data Transmittal System isused to provide discipline and a record of significant information reviewsand exchanges between r.ontractors. In this manner, the important interactionsand failure probability effects of interfaces between the SHRS equipment andtheir supporting systems are factored into the quantitative assessment,

o

.

'' _ ___.m._____.______.,_______________._______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____

, . . .------------_ - . _ ,

I,I REV. 0

| TABLE 4.0-1

| RELIABILITY RELATED COMPONENTS LIST (RRCL)

GENERAL ELECTRIC

,

FMEA CCFA RDSD

RSS -

Secondary Control Rod System X X X

System 31 (FSWDR 31WS139)

Secondary Control Rod Drive Mechanism Driveline X

Secondary Control Assembly X

SHRS ,

Intermediate Heat Transcort Loco X X X

System 518 (FSWDR SlGlM07)

Pumps (Intermediate and Primary Loops) X X

Steam Gen. Aux. Heat Removal System X X X

System 52 (FSWDR 52GlMll)

Protected Air-Cooled Condenser X,

AFWS X

AFW Pumps X

Steam Gen. Loco X X X

System 53 (FSWDR 53GlMll)

SG Modules (W-LRM Responsibility) X X

Rupture Discs X

H 0/ Dump Valves X2

Leak Detection Modules X X

Ralief and Isolation Valves X

Steam Drum X'

,

Recirculation Pumps X X

Reactor Heat Transcort Instrumentation X

System 56 (FSWDR 56GIM10)

Sodium Pmnp Drive X X

I&C - 51, 52, & 53 X X

Piping & Eqot. Elec. Heating & Control X

System 68 (FSWDR 68GlM09) Interfaces with SHRS/RSS

- _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

_

REV. O

TABLE 4.0-1^

WESTI!!GHOUSE - ARD

- * RA (Incl . RDSD (Incl.FMEA) FMEA/CCFA)

RSS

Reactor System X

System 31 (FSWDR 31 W5139)

Upper Internals X

Upper Internals Structure X

Upper Internals Structure Jacking Mechanism X

Lower Internals X

Core Support Structure X

Lower Inlet Module X

Core Fomer Structure X

Horizontal Baffle X

Fixed Radial Shield X

Core System X

Fuel Assemblies X

Blanket Assemblies X

Removable Radial Shield Assembly X

Core Restraint System X

Primary Control Rod System X

XPrimary Control Assembly,

PCRDM and PCRD X

Shield & Seismic Support X

PCRS Maintenance Equipment X

Reactor Enclosure Sy-*em X

System 32 (FSWDR 32WeUT)

* Reliability Assessment (RA), Preliminary to RDSD.

- - . . . - . . . . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .______ ________ ____-__ _

. . ___ ____

| REV. O

TABLE 4.0-1''

WESTINGHOUSE - ARD (Cont.)

- RA (Incl . RDSD (Incl.FMEA) FMEA/CCFA)

Reactor Enclosure - Head System X

Reactor Vessel Closure Head X

Riser Assembly X

Plug Drives and Controls X

Head Heating and Cooling System X

Bull Gears and Bearings X

Reactor Enclosure - Vessel Systa_m X

Reactor Vessel and Supports X

Reactor Enclosure - Head Access Area X

Flux Monitoring System Mechanical Components X

Flux Monitoring SystemSystem 95 (FSWDR 95WA305)

Primary Linear Power Range Channels X

Secondary Linear Power Range Channels X

Plant Control SystemSystem 90 (FShDR 90WA750)

PPS Control and Display Components X

Primary CRDM Power and Control Eouioment X

Scram Breakers X

Primary CRDM Controller~

X

PHmary CRDM Motor Generator Sets X

Reactor and Vessel Instrumentation System X

System 92 (FSWDR 92WA932)

Plant Protection SystemSystem 99 (FSWDR 99WA778) X

- ._ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ .

. . _

\

REV. 0

1

TABLE 4.0-1,

WESTINGMOUSE 'ARD (Cont.)

'

RA (Incl. RDSD (Incl.FMEA FMEA/CCFA)

Primary Instrument Channels X

Secondary Instrument Channels X

Primary Logic X

Secondary Logic X

HTS Pump Trip Circuits X

SGAHRS Initiation Logic X

Monitor X

SHRS

Reactor SystemSystem 31 (FSWDR 31WS139) X

Lower Internals X

Core Support Structure X

Horizontal Baffle X

Reactor Enclosure SystemSystem 32 (FSWDR 32WK503) X

Reactor Enclosure - Head System X

Reactor Vessel X

Reactor Vessel Supp rt X

Primary Heat Transoort System X

Sistem 51A (FSWDR SlWF200) -

Guard Vessels X

Reactor Vessel Guard Vessel (System 32) X

Reactor Guard Vessel Extension (System 32) X

IHX Guard Vessel (System SlA) X

-

- _

REV. 0

| TABLE 4.0-1

WESTINGHOUSE-ARD (Cont.)

, RA (Incl. RDSD (Incl.FMEA) FMEA/CCFA)

Primary Sodium Pump Guard Vessel (System 51 A) X

Piping and Check Valves Hangers and Snubbers X

Intermediate Heat Exchanger X

ATOMICS INTERNATIONALRDSD (INCL. RDSD (INCL.

SHRS FMEA) FMEA/CCFA)

Au.eiliary Licuid Metal System _Ty's~ta 81 (FSWDR 81A4080)

Direct Heat Removal Service (DHRS) X

Air Blast Heat Exchangers X

D1 Pumps X

Remotely Operated Valves X

Pressure Vessels and Piping X

Overflow Heat Exchanger X

DHRS System Instrumentation and Control System X

Inert Gas Receiving and Processing System X

System 82 (FSWDR 82A0293) Interfaces witn SHRS/RSS

Liouid Metal to Gas Leak Detection System X

System 66 (FSUDR 66A1145) Interfaces with PHTS

_ - _ _ . ._

_ ___________ ___

.. .. . - - . . . . . . .- . - -- __. . - -

Page Nine REV. 0

5.0 RELIABILITY PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

This section defines essential tasks, organizational responsibilities andmanagement controls employed by the LRM to assure implementation of the reli-ability portion of the. total Reliability Assurance Program for the ClinchRiver Breeder Reactor Plant (CRBRP) Project. 'This section applies to Projectpar'ticipants herein identified and defines interface responsibilities withinthe LRM.


Authorized reliability program elements for CRBRP are shown inTable 4.0-1 of section 4. Section 5 will describe the organizationalrelationships, resources, and procedures enployed by the LRM to assurethat the program participants fulfill their responsibilities for theprogram elements.

5.2 Orcanization

Figure 5.2-1 shows the LRM organizational relationships pertinentto the implementation, coordination, and management control of the tech-nical and fiscal aspects of the Reliability Program as authorized inapplicable CRBRP Project documentation.

5.2.1 Resources. . - . .. - _. .._. . - . . - . . - . . . . - - - - - . . . .

In addition to anpropriate facilities and management policyand practices sufficient to establish and implement the authorizedreliability program, personnel resources authorized and allocatedto the progran include a reliability program staff engineer whoreports to the Licensing Manager. The RM Program Staff Managerscrganizatior.s which include LRM cognizant plant systems engineersand the Systems Engineering and Integration staffs are availableresources as required. LRM Quality Assurance, Program Control, andProcurement provide support to the reliability program as needed.

5.2.2 Communication

Formal reliability program communication external to the LRMis prepared, reviewed, approved, and controlled within the LRM inaccord with approved procedure LX-OR-2. Receipt, transmittal, anddistribution of program correspondence is controlled by LX-OR-3, andcorrespondence files and logs are maintained in accord with LX-0R-4Internal LRM reliability program day to day informal coordination isconnunicated either by internal memorandum or personal contact.

5.3 Resocnsibility

5.3.1 Responsibility of Particicants

Fiscal management responsibility for the reliability programat the RMs is maintained by the LRM's three RM Program Managers.

_ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

PROJECT DIRECTOR REV. O.

CRBRP PO

|

|

PolicyBudgets

,

Schedules

AE Pr' ject Manager LRM Project Managero- CRBRP- CRBRP

BOP NSSS

B&R LRMReliability Technical

Director

LRMLicensing

IProgram PlanningBudget / SchedulesTechnical Direction

! and GuidanceAssessment Review

and Approval

| I I

LRM LRM LRMGE PROGRAMS AI PROGRAMS , WRM PROGRAMS

Fiscal Management Fiscal Management Fiscal ManagementTechnical Review Technical P.eview Technical Review

GE AI W-RM

Overall SHRS SHRS/SCRS DHRS Overall RSS SHRS/PPS/PCRSModeling & Analysis Analysis Modeling & AnalysisAssessment FMEA FMEA Assessment FMEA

-

CCFA CCFA CCFATest Results Test Results Test ResultsRDSD Assessments RDSD Assessments RDSD Assessments

Figure 5.2-1 Program Organizational Responsibilities

. _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

.

Page Ten REV. 0|

||

| Technical management responsibility is with the manager of Licensing.The reliability staff reports to the Licensing Manager and is re-sponsible for defining and maintaining the program's scope, techni-cal content, methodology and schedules within CRBRP budgetary anddesign schedule constraints. The reliability staff perform overall

,program planning, integration, coordination, and surveillance ofthe RM programs. The execution of the reliability program is theresponsibility of RM's in accordance with their design responsibil-ities for plant systems. Figure 5.2.1 shows the organizationalresponsibilities for the program.

5.3.2 Interface Relationshios

There are internal LRM interface relationships and externalLRM to RM, A E, and Project Office interface relationships in theimplementation and execution of the reliability program.

Internal LRM interfaces exist between the reliability staffand all other LRM organizations. Vertical interfaces are from thereliability staff upward through the Licensing Manager, the ProjectTechnical Director to the Project Manager. An additional verticalinterface exists between the reliability programs and the RM Pro-gram Managers. The RM Program Managers maintain responsibility foroverall RM fiscal control including the reliability program. Theyalso have review and concurrence responsibility for technical con-tent and accuracy of reliability program products. This is ensuredby the LX-0R-2 requirement that direction and guidance is issusd toan RM over the signature of the RM program manager; a practice thatprovides formal coordination of the programs direction with theappropriate cognizant engineers for plant systems. Horizontal in-terface relationships exist between the reliability staff and allother LRM organizations on an as required basis. The reliabilityprogram requires informal day to day coordination activity withsystems integration and engineering, plant systems cognizant engi-neers, quality assurance, program control, document control andothers.

External LRM reliability program interfaces exist with theother program participants and the Project Office. Formal corres-pondence is over the signature of the RM program managers or theCRBRP Project Manager. Informal day to day activity is coordinatedand communicated by telephone, data-fax, pouch mail, or personalcontact as required to optimize program effectiveness. The ProjectControlled Information Data Transmittal system as described byLX-0R-10 is used to exchange technical data between the perfamingparticipants.

5.3.3 Desian Imolementation

The primary objective of the reliability program is achieve-ment of a optimum balanced design for safety-related reliable oper-ation of CRSRP. This is achieved through early identification ofsignificant concerns and implementation of needed design and, pro-cedural corrective actions throughout the design development process.

____ _____ -__

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

. .

"

Page Eleven REY. O

Actions required to correct identified deficiencies are developedthrough coordinated action by reliability and design. Schedulesfor implementation are developed and action commitments are enteredinto the project Centralized Action Correspondence Control Systemin accord with LX-0R-5. This procedure ensures a final resolutionof the uncertainties and significant concerns identified throughthe reliability program effort.-

5.4 Planning

This document establishes the overall LRM Reliability Program Plan.The plan along with the appendix contains the policy, practices, and LRMmanagement activities required to implement the program. It describesthe programs objective, scope, contents, methods, and the requirementsand guidelines necessary for execution by the program participants. Theindividual internal plans, practices, and procedures of the program par-ticipants are developed and provided as infomation to the LRM. Sincethe participants (RM's) actually conduct the analyses and document theassessments more detailed step by step procedures are developed for per-fonning the program activities to an established fonnat. To the extentpractical and appropriate the LRM provides guidance for cchieving uni-fonnity of the various participants products.

5. 5 Document Control

The program participants have internal document control for cocumentsrelated to the analytical requirements of the program that shall include:preparation; identification; review and approval; issue; distribution, andstorage; and revision. Final system and Reliability Design Support Docu-ments prepared by the RM's are subject to review and approval by the LRM.Lower level analyses and assessments are subject to internal RM approvaland are forwarded to the LRM for information on the progress of the pro-gram and for identification of generic programatic or technical problemsthat require corrective action. Final system level RDSD's are circulatedfor review and comment within the LRM before LRM approval of the documents.Procedure LX-OR-8 provides control and a record of the review. The LRMreliability organization maintains a schedule, index, and file of theprogram reliability assessment documents.

5.6 Review and Audit

5.6.1 Reliability Program Management Revieg

The LRM reliability organization pa*ticipates in managementreviews of the participants reliability programs. These may berequested by the RM, the LRM or the Projec; Office. They may becalled to address specific problems or results, or to provide pro-gram status to management.

_ - - - - - - _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ __---______---______--------___---.__--___s

_

REY. 0f Page Twelve

5.6.2 Audits

The LRM conducts audits of the RM's Reliability Programs inconjunction with and as an extsnsion to the existing QualityAssurance audit system as defined in LX-0R-46. LRM QualityAssurance conducts the audit and the LRM reliability staff either

. participates as an audit team member or as an observer.

5.7 Reoortino

Reliability Program status meetings are held between the LRM andProject Office staff on approximately a monthly basis to report thestatus, progress and significant results of the program.

5.7.1 Reports

Final System RDSDs summarize and report the qualitativereliability for each safety related system. Quantitative reliabil-ity assessment reports are provided for the overall RSS and SHRS.The LRM will provide an overall program sumary report that docu-ments the important findings from the qualitative and quantitativereliability assessments.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___

----

. . _ .

REV. 0|.

1

|

a

'

APPENDIX

RELIABILITY FROGRAM

~REQUIREMENTSAND'GUICEi.INES~

|_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _

_._ .. . _ . - . ... . . . .. -.

f. REV. O

APPENDIX A

RELIABILITY PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES

INTRODUCTION

This Appendix is an extraction and organization of reliability program

Requirements and Guidelines from letters of direction by the LRM to the

Program Participants. The letters are indexed for reference at the end

of the Appendix. The direction has been classified as requirements or

guidelines based on "what" is required to satisfy program objectives (require-

ments) and acceptable methods for "how" to do it (guidelines). With W-LRM

approval, methods the RMs consider more appropriate than the guidelines may

be acceptable. The requirements and guidelines are organized into categories

depending en the program activities they apply to. They are indexed by category

item number (first digit) and reference letter list identifier (second digit).

REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES

GENERAL

Raouirements

1.2 Qualitative design support assessments shall be performed to

identify, evaluate, and disposition RRCL component failure modes.

2.2 RRCL component and system assessments shall be perfonned on a

schedule to support the des.ign review process.

3.3 The significant concerns and uncertainties sumarized in assess-

ments shall be extracted and the actions required for their reso-

lution and final disposition shall be scheduled and transmitted to

the LRM for entry as an REL item in the " Centralized Action Corres-

pondence Control System".

||

. . - -. . . .. . . . . . . . . -

Page Two REV. 0

'.

4.3 If there are procedural constraints identified during the assess-

ments that would prevent unsafe operation of the system, they~

shall be' documented in the system RDSD and extracted for tracking

and final resolution with the procedure writers.

5.1 Each RRCL item shall be controlled by an E-Specification (or

equivalent) which delineates as a minimum complete physical,

environmental, and performance requirements; reliability and

quality assurance requirements including inspections and tests

for qualifications, acceptance, and lot sampling where required;

explicit requirements to be satisfied in accepting parts and for

packaging, handling and traceability.

6.1 To the extent available at the time of scheduled review, reliability

design support documentation shall be incorporated into the fomal

design review packages and reviewed at formal design reviews.

7.1 Information copies of all reliability assessments (interim and

final) shall be forwarded to the W-LRM and Project Office Reliability

Staffs as they are completed.

8.1 Final RDSDs shall have W-LRM concurrence prior to release.

9.4 It is emphasized that the Safety-Related Reliability Program as

specified in the RMs internal procedures is to be an integral part

of the design development process. The baseline for the program is

the RRCL. The FMEA, CCFA, and RDSD for RRCL components shall be

scheduled to support the design / development process (i.e. design

reviews, design release, fabrication release, etc.).

1

:. . , , . . . .

Page Three REV. 0

10.7 The critical interfaces identified by component and system

level FMEA shall be reviewed against the SDD primary interface~ list to ensure adequate specification of the interface require-

i ment in the SDD and ICDS.

| 11.4 Each analysis preliminary to the final RDSD shall be sumarized

to highlight the significant findings mutually agreed to by the

engineering and reliability analysts.

a) The finding may be that the equipment design is considered ade-

quate at this stage of the design process to prevent or mitigate

all identified failure modes,

or:

b) Significant concerns or uncertainties with the equipment's

design or operation that require additional actions for reso-

lution were identified,

and:

c) The agreed upon actions associated with these concerns or

uncertainties shall be identified, scheduled, and reported to~

the W-LRM for entry into the CACCS as a reliability (REL)

item for tracking to resolution.

1,

| -. _ _ _ _ . __ _ ._ __

Page Four REV. O

Guidelines

1.2 Qualitative design support assessments should be the results of

a combined' effort by design engineering and reliability engineering.,

2.2 Qualitative insights gained from RRCL item design support assess-

ments compared to modeling assumptions, failure rate assignments,

and failure mode coverage should be transmitted to the modeling

organization.

3.4 Each assessment (preliminary, update, final) associated with the

RRCL should be scheduled relative to key design activities and

entered into r'iS-IV for program visibility.

4.3 Assumptions should be avoided when possible. If they cannot be

avoided, they should be verified in the same manner as significant

uncertainties (CACCS system entries).

5.3 The FMEA and CCFA should document the rationale for adequacy of

failure mode control by discussion of design features, analysis

results, and test program results.

6.3 Any equipment specifically excluded from an assessment should be

identified and a statement as to where it will be treated shall

be provided.

.

- _ - - _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ . . _ _ . _ _ __ ___. . _ _ . __ _ _ _ . -

Paga FivaREV. O

RELIABILITY RELATED COMPONENTS LIST (RRCL)

Requi rements.,

1.1 The RMs, AI, GE and ARD shall be responsible for development

of the RRCL for those items that are under their design,

responsibility.

2.1 All components or functional elements in the RSS, PPS, and

SHRS shall be evaluated to identify those that perform a vital

function with respect to safe shutdown and/or shutdown heat

removal.

3.1 Items shall not be excluded from the RRCL based on probability

discrimination.

4.1 Revisions to the RRCL ICD shall be transmitted with justification

to the W-LRM.

5.1 Components with Category 2 or 3 failure modes (degrades the RSS or

.SHRS function, or prevents the RSS or SHRS function) shall appear

on the RRCL.

6.4 If at any time, equipment omissions are identified that should

be on the RRCL a change to the RRCL ICD shall be proposed.

.

O

____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _

Page Six

Guidelines!

1.1 The listing should be organised and indexed by functional groups

that are logical for further analysis and documentation (FMEA,1 -

CCFA, RDSD) under the major subsystem headings of RSS and SHRS.

2.1 The initial vital functional element listing should be subjected

to preliminary FMEA analysis to identify component failure modes

specific to safe shutdown and/or shutdown heat removal.

3.1 Each failure mode identified by FMEA should be categorized as (1)

has no effect on RSS or SHRS function, (2) degrades the function

of RSS or SHRS, or (3) prevents the function of RSS or SHRS.

4.1 Components that only have Category 1 failure modes snould not

appear on the RRCL, but a record of the analytical rationale

that supports their categorization shall be retained by the RM

and should be available on request.

5.4 Periodically, the RRCL should be reviewed for continued validity.

,

____ _ _

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ ____

REV. O*

~ Page Seven

FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS (FMEA)

Recuirements

1.2 FMEAs (identification, evaluation, and disposition) shall be.

~

conducted on RRCL items.

2.2 For those RRCL item failure modes that are not fully dispositioned

by existing analysis results, test results, or design features, a

plan of action for resolution shall be identified as part of the

assessment.

3.2 All identified failure modes shall be dispositioned by documenting

the design features that control or prevent the failure or its

effects. The justification shall include results of analyses

and tests and any special checkout or . inspection procedures or

system redundancies that could prevent or mitigate the effects

of the failure.

^4.4 The component level FMEA shall:

a) Identify all failure modes of components including those

resulting from malfunction of interfacing equipment inputs.

b) Identify the system (SDD) level FMEA which will address the

interfacing system effects and evaluate the criticality of

impacts and design ramifications.

5.4 The system level analysis shall evaluate the criticality of the

interfacing system impacts and disposition or recommend resolution

of component failure modes in question based on criticality to the

system function.

___________ _______ _ ___ _ __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ________ -

- - - - - - - - - -

_ __ _ ..

Page Eight REV. 0,

1

6.4 The assessment (a FMEA and its sunmary as a minimum) shall be a

constraint on conduct of design reviews.'

7.5 Each primary interface, listed in the RRCL components System

Design Description (SDD) shall be reviewed. Failure of the RRCL,

components caused by interface effects shall be documented in the

components FMEA.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____

. .. ._ _ _. _ .

*

Page Nine

'

Guidelines

l.3 Vendor supplied RRCL item equipment requires FMEA analysis in.

support of RRCL item assessments. These may be supplied by the

vendor or conducted in-house. The vendor should be required to provide

failure experience on like or similar equipment when it is available.

2.1 Each Category 2 and 3 failure mode should be evaluated to identify

the design features that control the failure mode.

3.1 The uncertainty associated with the design features that control

failures should be evaluated by review of the design development

program analy,ses and test results.

4.1 Significant residual uncertainties should be resolved by additional

analyses or test or be brought to the attention of the appropriate

design review board for discussion and disposition.

5.2 The system modeli19 and quantitative assessment effort should be

supported during conduct of FMEAs by review of failure rate data

used in the math model. A qualitative evaluation of its validity

should be made. Recomended changes with supporting rationale

should be forwarded to the modeling RM.

- - - - - - - - - - . - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _____ ______

1- __ _ .

l Page TenREV. O

COMMON CAUSE FAILURE ANALYSIS (CCFA)

'

Requirements

l.2 Common cause failure analysis (CCFA) identification evaluation.

and disposition shall be conducted in a systematic fashion on RRCL

items.

2.2 RRCL items with a susceptibility to credible common cause events

shall be highlighted in the assessment and a plan of action

developed for disposition.

3.3 The random failure modes identified by FMEAs of equipment performing

redundant safety functions shall be assessed for susceptibility to

potential common cause factors.

.

__

_ _ _ _ _ _ .

Page Eleven REY. O-

Guidelines

1.1 A functional path (system to component) CCFA should be performed

for critical functions of the RSS, SHRS and PPS to identify

failure p'otentials in the system due to multiple component-

failures initiated by a comon event.

2.1 An analysis of the system and/or component design features that

tend to preclude each comon cause failure should be conducted

and an evaluation of their adequacy made.

3.1 Those comon cause failure potentials that are judged to have a

significant residual uncertainty should be resolved by additional

analyses or test or be brought to the attention of the appropriate

design review boards for discussion and disposition.

4.2 A listing of historical comon failure causes should be compiled.

The likelihood of the identified causes originating in the components

system or its interfacing systems should be qualitatively assessed.

5.2. The capability of a ccmponent or system to withstand a comon cause

initiator should be assessed by investigating failure modes for

design features and their operating margins which will accomodate

the event and prevent failure.

6.2 The failure rates used in the systems math model should be reviewed

to detemine if a comon cause failure rate factor should be added.

Those that are identified should be brought to the attention of the

modelitg RM.

7.3 Common Cause Failure is defined as a concurrent failure of either

identical or non-identical components that perform redundant functions,

due to a single comen causative factor. Concurrent is defined as an

operational time interval within which more than one redundant

_a

- - _ _ _ _ _ _ _

REV. 0Page Twelve*

|| 7.3 (Continued)

component may fail from the same cause before the first failure

can be detected and corrected.~

8.3 The checklist of potential comon cause factors for functionally

redundant equipment should be developed including consideration

of (but not limited to) the following:

a) CRBRP design basis events

b) Reactor operational experiences

c) Interdependencies

d) Interfacing system initiators

e) Comon locations / environments

f) Comen supporting systems

g) Comon procedures (human errors)

h) Single failure points effecting redundant trains (hardware

and human actions)

9.3 Factors that tend to reduce susceptibility to comon cause failures

and should be considered during the CCF analyses are:

a) Design margins beyond desi n_operati_ng_ limits ___..S

b) Distance or event propagation barriers between redundant

trains

c) Design, operation, servicing, auxiliary support, and main-

tenance diversity of functionally redundant equipment

d) 1.ack of credible (out of design limits) events that could

effect the equipment.

10.3 Assessing the level of concern to associate with identified CCFs is

j udgemental . This judgement could be based on an estimate of the

_ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

..

Page Thirteen REV. 0-

10.3 (Continued)

probability of occurrence of events that could cross barriers

between redundant trains and subject all functionally redundant- components to loads in excess of their design basis. A comparison

of the credibility of these comon events with random failure rate

data may provide a meaningful basis for judging the importance of

CCFs.

11.5 The following CCF definition was proposed and agreed to oy the

reliability program participants at a reliability meeting at AI

on February 6, 1980. CCF was defined as: " Inability of multiple

first-in-line items to perform as required in a defined critical

time period due to a single underlying defect or physical phenomena

such that the end effect is judged to be a loss of one or more

systems". (extracted from the paper by Smith / Watson, "Comon Cause

Failures - A Dilemma in Perspective",1980 ARAMS).

12.6 The above definition describes the universal set of CCFs; however,

it is not productive to analyse for the universal set. CCFA should

only analyse for the loss of functional redundancy sub-set of the

universal set of CCFs for the following reasons.

If a system function has only one functional path, it is not

important whether failure in that path was multiple (from a comon

cause) or single (from a random cause). The system effect is the

same, loss of the single functional path. These failures including

dependencies should be adequately treated by FMEA.

When redundancy of functional paths exists, randomness versus

comonality of cause (including comon dependency) is important

because the system effect is different. A failure from a random

-

.__

page FourteenREY. O

cause is highly unlikely to, occur in more than one redundant

path simultaneously which would leave the system functional.) Failures'from comon causes may occur in more than omredundant

-

path rendering the system inoperable; therefore, the project

resources allocated to CCFA should be concentrated on analyzing

and assessing system functional redundancies for failure suscept-

ibility to comon cause factors. This approach would significantly

reduce the scope and complexity of CCF analyses and pennit a more

disciplined systematic and tractable approach. System schematics

of redundant functions should be used to scope and guide the

analyst and the reviewer from a beginning to an end of the analyses.

The graphics used should be included in the assessment document for

convenience of the reviewer. The graphics should provide visibility

of the scope and discipline of the analysis from function, to equip-

ment, to failure cause/ mode identification, and the rationale for

closeout or identification of the additional actions required.

_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ - _ _ ___ _ - - - -

_ . . - . . . _ _ _ . . - . _ . __ _ _ . _ _ _

REV. O-

Page Fifteen:

RELIABILITY DESIGN SUPPORT DOCUMENT (RDSD)

Requi rements

1.1 Reliability analyses, evaluations and dispositions for all-

RRCL items (including infonnation from vendor fabrication and

test activities) shall be documented in a Reliability Design

Support Document (RDSD). One RDSD may document the analyses

for one or several RRCL items based on logical groupings.

2.3 RDSDs shall be identified as being preliminary or final.

3.3 The equipment analyzed shall be clearly and concisely defined

and described by proper nomenclature, and applicable drawing

numbers including specific revisions.

4.3 The grouping of equipment for RDSD documentation shall be com-

patible with the RRCL.

5.3 Failure mode information resulting from qualitative reliability

assessments that could alter failure rate data or the equipment

operating assumptions being used in a system model shall be high-

lighted in the appropriate RDSD and by separate letter for consid-

eration by the modeling organization.

6.3 The interface requirements specified for RRCL systems shall be

reviewed and the failure effects on the systems function of loss

of each interface shall be assessed and documented in the system

RDSD.

7.3 A summary of the more significant CCFs identified shall be included

in the RDSD. The basis for dispositioning each significant CCF or

the planned actions should be identified in the summary.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Pag Sixte:nREV. 0,

8.4 A listing of interface inputs critical to system operation

shall be provided in the system assessments.

9.4 The final resolution of concerns and uncertainties shall be

provided. in the RDSD for the document to be considered final.i ,

|

10.4 An explicit statement shall be provided in all future RDSDs

that the conclusions provided do or do not significantly alter

the RSS or SHRS numerical assessments provided in WARD-D-0118 or

GEFR 0007. This assessment shall be provided to the respective

modeling RM.

11.5 Component failures due to an interface shall be brought forward

from component analyses for assessment and documentation of

their effects at the system level in RDSDs.

.

_ _ _ _ _ _

,' Page Seventeen REV. O

Guidelines

1.1 In order to achieve a degree of uniformity between RM RDSDs,

the general format of attachment (2) should be utilized.

1 2.3 Sumary results should appear near the beginning of the RDSD.

and should be positively written because of the positive findings

or the positive actions planned _ aid sche {uleftiilresolve_goncerns or

uncertainties.

3.3 Sumary of system level RDSDs should include statements about

the individual system reliability as well as its effect on

overall SHRS or RSS systems reliability.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

- -- - .. - .

.

Page Eighteen REY. O.

NUMERICAL ASSESSMENTSr

Requirements,

1.2 System modeling and quantification shall provide a tool to

. evaluate the systens' sensitivity to hardware failure rates

and operating assumptions. A by-product of the modeling program

shall be the overall system failure probability assessments.

2.2 RSS - A quantitative reliability assessment of the RSS failure

probability has been documented in WARD-D-Oll8. There is currently

no requirement to update this assessment. The qualitative analyses

and test program shall be monitored to determine if the need for an

RSS assessment update develops.

3.2 SHRS - GEFR-007 documents the current SHRS quantitative reliability

assessment. The model shall be updated as results from individual

RRCL item analyses become available. Sensitivity studies shall be

conducted to support SHFS system functional failure probability

evaluations. An interim and final update of the overall SHRS reliability

assessment shall be conducted to reflect significant model revisions.

4.2 The RMs shall review the modeling failure rate assignments, operating

assumptions, and failure mode coverage for their RRCL components and

systems based on the qualitative insights they have gained from their

RRCL item design support assessments.

5.2 Recomended model changes with supporting rationale, from the RMs

model review, shall be forwarded to the modeling RM.

6.2 The SHRS modeling group shall evaluate the reliability design support

qualitative assessments and make the necessary quantitative assignment

changes or system assumption changes for model revisions.

|

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

_ _ _ _ _ . _ ._ _... . _ _ . . . _ . _ _ _ _

-

REY. O*

Page Nineteen

REFERENCES

I

.

(1) Letter LW80462, D. K. Goeser to W. W. Dewald, et al ., "CRBRP; Relia-

bility Related Components List (RRCL) Draft Interface Control Document

(ICD)", dated October 27, 1978.

(2) Letter LA80509, J. E. Nolan to R. Balent, et al., "CRBRP; Reliability

Program Integration", dated December 18, 1978.

(3) Letter LG90272, D. K. Goeser to G. G. Glenn, et al . , "CRBRP; Summary

of Reliability Program Documentation Review", dated May 2,1979.

(4) Letter LG90699, P. W. Dickson to G. G. Glenn, et al. , "CRBRP; Summary

of W-LRM Reliability Program Review with the Project Office", dated

November 12, 1979.

(5) Letter LA800098, W. J. Purcell to R. Balent, et al ., "CRBRP; Reliability

Program Common Cause and Dependency (Interface) Analysis",_[[-[~[

letter not dated.

(6) Letter LG800269, W. J. Purcell to G. G. Glenn, et al.., "CRBRP; Re1.iability

Program, CCFA Methodology", dated May 23, 1980.

(7) Letter LW800393, W. J. Purcell to W. W. Dewald, et al. , "CRBRP Reliability

Program Requirement," dated October 10, 1980.

_ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ .

's

APPENDIX E

SPECIFICATION NO. FA81-002

CONSOLIDATED EDISON C0. OF NEW YORK, INC.

This Appendix represents an equipment specification which establishesgeneral criteria for reliability requirements and guidelines for the preparationof a reliability program plan. This was prepared by Consolidated Edison as a '

specification for purchase of condenser circulating water pumps to improvereliability of the equipment. [

llT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

_ _ _ .

_____ ________

jj/C *:Mk/N

SPECIFICATION NO. FA 81-002*

.

Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc.

4 Irving Place

New York, N.Y. 10003i

Field and Application Engineering Decartment

Application Engineering Sub-Section

Description

Reliability Requirement For

Condenser Circulating Water pumps

Location

Indian Point Station

Unit No. 2

'T . ,

PREPARED BY: '/ rC' N 'ec. c-qR . 'A . RISCICA - Applidation Engineer

f //f / | |d M,'/ -

EY dkdAPPROVED BY:E. G. SNONSIN - Chief Application Engineer

,/ L .

'

.'

CONCURRED BY: . * 3,, ,,, h t,%j,

C\ROSSI'2eliability' EngineeringRR.

DATE APPROVED: f/~/ /[8/_

----- _ _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .Ap p ,g q

_

TABLE OF CONTENTS-

Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE 1

SECTION 2 APPLICATION 1

SECTION 3 GENERAL RELIABILITY REOUIREMENTS 1

3.1 QUANTITATIVE RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS 1

3.2 RELIABILITY PROGRAM 1

3.3 RELIABILITY PROGRAM PLAN 2

3.4 RELIABILITY DEMONSTRATION 2

SECTION 4.0 DETAILED RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS 2

4.1 RELIABILITY PROGRAM PLAN 2

4.1.1 RELIABILITY ORGANIZATION 2

4.1.2 RELIABILITY ANALYSIS 2

4.1.3 DESIGN REVIEWS 3

4.1.4 PROGRAM MILESTONES 3

4.2 DOCUMENTATION 4

4.3.0 RELIABILITY DEMONSTRATION REQUIREMENTS 4

4.3.1 RELIABILITY PREDICTION 4

54.4.0 WARRANTY .

SECTION 5.0 APPENDIX 5

1 6APPENDIX A

Specification No.-i- FA 81-002

|-

_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

.

CONSOLIDATED EDISON _C,O_MPANY O ',jjEW YORJ,_

RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR

CONDENSER CIRCULATING WATER PUMPS

1.0 SCOPE

i This specification establishes general criteria for relia-bility requirements and guidelines for the preparation and imple-mentation of a reliability program plan for Condenser Circulatingwater Pumps (hereinafter referred to as Circ water Pumps) andtheir integral components purchased by Consolidated Edison Companyof New York, Inc. (Con Edison) .

2.0 APPLICATION

This specification, when referenced in an " Invitation toBid," " Pump Specification," or " Contract," shall apply to CircWater Pumps and their integral components as specified by theequipment specification.

3.0 GENERAL RELIABILITY REQUIREMENTS

General reliability requirements are set forth in thefollowing sections.

3.1 Quantitative Reliability Recuirements

The Circ Water Pumps shall comply to the values of (1)Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) as 87,600 hours, (2) Mean TimeTo Repair (MTTR) as 400 hours and (3) Design Availability of99.5% at rated design conditions of head and capacity as specified bythe attached equipment specification MP 81-002. The establishment ofany parameters, necessary for the determination of these reliabilityrequirements shall be the sole responsibility of the vendor.


The vendor shall establish and maintain an effective relia-bility program that is planned and developed to permit the achieve-ment of overall program objectives, in a manner economical for conEdison. The reliability program shall include the management andtehhnical resources, plans, procedures, schedule, and controls forthe work to meet the reliability requirements. All elements ofthe reliability program shall be stated in the reliability programplan. Program implementation should be integrated into the designphase without impact on the schedule.

Specification No.

- 1- FA 81-002

______ _ _ _ _ __.

*.

3.3 R,eliability Program Plan

The vendor shall develop and submit a reliabi'lity programplan as a separate and complete entity,' separately priced, withinthe Vendor's proposal . The plan will describe in detail the Vendor'sreliability program, which shall comply with the elements listedin Section 4.

3.4 Reliability Demonstration

Minimum acceptable equipment reliaSility shall be demon-strated by means of tests and/or analyses as specified in Section4.3 of this specification.

4.0 DETAILED RELIABILITY REOUIREMENTS

The reliability requirements are covered in detail in thefollowing subsections.

4.1 Reliability Program Plan

The vendor's reliability program plan shall describe themethods of conducting the reliability program in order to meetthe requirements of this specification. The reliability programplan shall, as a minimum, contain those elements specified inSections 4.1.1 to 4.1.4.

4.1.3 Reliability Organization

The size, technical capabilities, organizational structure,res ponsibili tie s , and placement within the vendor's overallcompany organization of the group responsible for fulfilling thereliability requirements, set forth in this document, shall bedescribed by the vendor.

4.1.2 Reliability Analysis

Reliability analyses of the Circ Water Pumps and theirintegral ccmponents shall be initiated upon receipt of a purchaseorder. The purpose of these analyses is to provide the basis ofa reliability prediction to demonstrate compliance to the quanti-tative reliability requirements and to identify items critical tothe safe performance of the pumps within the bounds of the design -

criteria specified in the equipment specification. " Critical

items" will include the integral components of the pumps and

maintenance /cperating criteria having a significant impact uponthe pumps' reliable operation. The Vendor'shall establish aprogram for identification, control, and special handling ofcritical integral pump components from the design through theacceptance stage.

Specification No.- 2- FA 81-002 j

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

.

6.1.2 (Cont'd)

Types of reliability analyces typically performed include,but need not be limited to, any combination of the following:

Failure Mode and Ef fect Analyses (FMDA).

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA).

Reliability modeling.

Statistical analyses for integral component.

failure rate determinationTesting of circulating water pumps and/or.

integral components.

The vendor, in the reliability program plan, shall indicatethe type (s) of reliability analyses it intends to perform, andsubmit the appropriate procedures for performance of the analyses.

4.1.3 Design Reviews

Reviews shall be made at appropriate times prior to produc-tion to evaluate whether suf ficient reliability requirements areincluded in the final design of the equipment. The planned reviewshall include, to the extent applicable (but shall not necessarilybe limited to), (1) current reliability estimates and achievementsderived from reliability analysis and/or test (s), (2) potentialproblem areas in design or production (derived f rom reliabilityanalyses) and control measures necessary to preserve the inherentreliability, (3) corrective action on reliability critical items,and (4) effects of engineering decisions, changes, and tradeoffsupon reliability achievements, potential, and growth. The resultsof reliability reviews shall be documented and the vendor shallnotify Con Edison 7 days prior to each design review activity sothat con Edison personnel may attend. There shall be at least 3design review meetings prior to production of the Circ Water pumps.No final production pumps shall be manuf actured for Con Edisonusage prior to final or critical design review. In the proposalstage the milestone chart should be presented in such a manner toshow sequence and time duration between each activity. Within ,

thirty (30) days of receipt of purchase order, the chosen vendorshall submit its detailed program milestone chart with dates.

4.1.4 Program Milestones

The reliability program plan shall include a milestonechart of all the reliability activities specified in the plan.This includes schedules for testing, design reviews, reliabilityanalysis, etc. The milestone chart shall be updated as needed toreflect the current schedule.

Specification No.-3- FA 81-002

- __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a

____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ ___ ___ ____ _-_ ___ _____ _ _____

*.

4.2 DOCUMENTATION

A report shall be provided to Cor. Edison whthin two (2)weeks after each design review activity. This report will containthe following:

1. Design review minutes-

J 2. Reliability analysis to date

3. Tradeoffs necessary to meet the reliability requirerents

J4. Results of all demonstration tests

Additionally, seven (7) working days prior toeachdesign\review meeting the vendor shall identify and if necessary supply ;the latest revisions of drawings and partsilrits.,

~~ ,_ ;-

Monthly progress reports shall also be submitted updatingthe results of the reliability effort.

I A final reliability report shall be provided to con Edisonwithin two (2) weeks after delivery of the Cire water pumps. Thisreport wil1~ summarize the results of the reliability ef fort todate, show all demonstration test results, and include the finalreliability prediction for the Circ water Pumps.

4.3.0 Reliability Demonstration Recuirements

Reliability demonstration requirements by the Vendor of theCirc water Pumps are described in the folloiing subsection.

4.3.1 Reliability Prediction

A reliability prediction, based on use of known sources ofgeneric and/or experience failure data for elements of the pump (s)shall be prepared. The availability of the pump (s) resulting fromthis prediction shall be equal to or greater than specified in thetechnical specifications. (Note - the MTBF and MTTR may vary fromthe values specified to provide design tradeof fs so long as thespecified availability is maintained.

4.3.2 shoo Drawings

within two weeks of delivery, the vendor shall supplydetailed shop drawings to con Edison. This is to provide assur-ance for continued availability and timely delivery of spare partsthroughout the expected equipment life.

Specification No.-4 - FA 81-002

i_ _ _ _ _ _ \

, ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _

.

4.4.0 Warranty

The warranties set forth in Con Edison's Standard Termsand Conditions for Purchase of Major Equipment shall be appli-cable to condenser circulating water pumps and its componentsfor a period of five (5) years from the date of the initialoperation of the pump (s) in normal service. If at any time thecirculating water pump (s) cannot provide the required capaci-ties and head, a_s a system, a determination will be made by ConEdison as to which pump (3) has degraded to a point in which aplant derriting is feasible and will invoke th. warrantee forthose pumps.

5.0 APPEUDIX

Appendix A has definitions useful to the vendor.

I

Specification No.-5- FA 81-002

l

_-

._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

'

.

APPENDIX A

DEFINITIONS

MEAN-TIME-BETWEEN-FAILURES- For a particular interval, the(FG3 F) total functioning life of a popu-

lation of an item divided by thetotal number of failures withinthe population during the measure-ment interval. The definitionholds for time, cycles, events, orother measure of life units.

MEAN-TIME-TC -RE PA IR (MTTR) The total corrective maintenancetime divided by the total numberof corrective maintenance actionsduring a given period of time.(Given that qualified personnel,and necessary spare parts andrepair equipment are available.)

DESIGN AVAILABILITY (A) A measure of the degree to whichan item is in the operable andcommittable state when calledupon for service at an unknownor random point in time.

The relationship to be used toexpress availability involves the

Me an-Time-B e tween-F ailures (MTBF)and the Mean-Time-To-Repair (MTTR),as shown below.

A= MTBFMTBF 4 MTTR

Specification No.-6 - FA 81-002

_-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

.

I

APPENDIX F

OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY (0RNL)

NATIONAL SAFETY INFORMATION CENTER

PRA/ RELIABILITY BIBLIOGRAPHY

This appendix presents the results of a bibliographic search of the files ofthe National Safety Information Center of ORNL. The search incompassed those

technical papers, reports, etc., concerned with the areas of risk, reliability

and probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)., , -

-


_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Q

,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _

U/COCOCul-COOcu//// 1 PAGE I

SSlwa NG. OvC u l c9 7L .E A7.ALYLIS OF flLTEwCD VEN TING AL A MillbATION LAFETY FEATURE IN

P .. w b a1Th LAnGE, anY CGi, I A I Ni4 tin TLUh(b) bLr itC n T M A.4 klau_iblNG C

PAU i e t MAbb. INST. tF TELHNLLOuY, CA:LnILGtt Iwlf L0 9 ePS, fsOM .'.N t/ EN S TCP I CA L #ECTING UN P H o b a c:. ! L i b i l C RibK

AbbEbbetNT; rO dT LHEaTCR, NY, SEPT. I961,lk A Va l L ac., l t l i Y - L AhULY;4 r ic l S I 4G , AbbibTANT PRUFESSuk, NUCLEAR

E .u l.Jt b k lub Lti P T . , /Abb. 14, b i . LF TEthNOLOGY, CAMaklDGc, MA> O21s9l _:b G r< Y Iiuv00;IIvou0;23u000iICm GIJu4 Cout %M

; ,8 i< Y A14 ,. C i Teil t PARE 9 J LL 1..L A T tb A i..t T MLD Fun bTwUCTUNING TnC Ar. A LY S 15 UF

IR 81SK ktDLCTIUN PulhNTIAL OF A FILTEREO VC.4T1.16 CO N T A I N.v t N TSYbTEM (F VCS ). EVtal Ts ttis ARE DE VEL O{U IND I CA T I NG THE IMPACTC;. A C C I uE.4 T SEGUtWCt Utit IN I T IUN U r- THE 11ThDLUCTILN OF A FVCS,P AK I I CU LaisL Y r- Ud IHt Cast LF A k n n GL. , ORY, P rJ R CO.'4T A IN AEN T .*L<< MAb bLtN vis NE Ta OurL1TAIIVZLY (. O M P w H c THE RELA T IVE R1545o r- THEbC adsLY 1 "4 T d L UUCh u AL(l u t. 4 T Sc C u tiNL E S alTH THE PO TENTI ALeok w I S K. kLooCTIoN U r: Tnt STANUano PwH ACCIDENT S EU UtiN CE S .(Ean)

oA ut nEACruh, e .v n ; C ON T A I . a td N T , PhESEUkb db NTING iPRCb A61L i l Y ; R ISK;SsFtTY aNALY bl b; dAF E T Y EvnLUATILN

' u / '; U 09 0 01 -00 v v0 7 7/ / i'

SS l a.J ab. OuXulc90c5.E r- AU 0 A t h b LF NU CL E A R bAFCIY hEdCAsCH PART ! (REACTOR bAFtTY

ddLLAsCH)*AUTM J AP A . 4 ATU41C ENE hGY n C S E Ak C H I NL T . . TU<Al

1966N

i J PN W S n -i ? O +. lev d r* S , TAnd, Fibs, 19eOL AVAILAblLITY - EUSAN U l b 1L VE L TRE , LOCUMtN T MANAGEMENT 6kANCH,

DIVISION L t- TE Ci t a l C A L I N r-URM A T I ON G JCCUMENT CONTROL, U.S.;4 UC L ti A N ,C GU LA l u R Y COMM I SS I GN , w A SH l.4GTON , D.C.

vCRY l 10 0 00 ; 14G0 0 0; 17 0000IGN O 15 5CULE J-EIdY J4ACI THIb PAMPHLEI PRCbCNIb TPt ACTIV1 TIES ASbOCIATED *ITH THE

NEALIGA LAFLIY R C b E A.<C H =H IC rt 4Ab LONOUCTED oY JAtR1,tEPtCIALLY h 1G r,L I G H T I N G INE AC T IV I IIE L CARR ICD OUT CUPING THEPAST T .v 0 Y E A T.S . THIS PR LSEN Ta 1 It sN 90 I S SPEC 1AL ti NP HA51 S ON THENEbcAACH nCT IV IT ILL CAhk IEs OUT AT TnE mEACTUR S e t: t T Y RESEARCHCh.4 T S H Ai.O A SU INCLUDES THE INThhNATILNAL CCCPERATIVI A tiSE A RC HA GRAMS IN anICH Jats1 15 A PsR T I CIP AN T . r- U m EDITORS!ALCLNVENit..Lt. T ni b PAMPHLLT CuNdibrS U r: T4C PANIS: PART IJESCRIOtb Tnc nCaLTLs SAFETY 4EStaRCH ANu PART 11 THLCNV i mGNNE NT A L SA F t T Y RESCANCh. (iAH)

M LS JAPAN;FUhL C 1C LE ; LXnM IN A T I LN ; F R AC T URE TOUG hNtSL ;P I PE aNIP;CLa Ru s ! O.. ; C H AC s. ; Pko; Au I L I T Y ; -< l M ; F CR E IG N E ACH ANbE ; E N G l NE E R EDL AF t T Y FE A Tu h? ;R A.10 0 PhuoRAM

;/0000001-0000077// 3abIGN NG. O Lb u 1 rM e 7e

T HE APPL 1Ca1Ada UF P sC .:AclLiSIIC HI54 ASbELSMtNT TECHN1GUES TOtnt 4by I tCh:4LLUGIEd

, R ( *5 ) NALdubSLN NC*UT H 4 ASS. INST. a: TECHNULUGY, C Ants I U CE

1selJ10 kPb, e l Lb , tu RtFb, ANNUAL ACV IE # CF tin E R G Y , VLL. 6. PP.-,

ILJ-at (1961)ONY caCOOOUN O IS SCGut MENRY AALT JUnlNG T t tC LALT DECAvC T tEdt- MAb bEEN A RAP 13 EXPANLION IN ThE

D t:VELUP MEN T IF Ta ho1GUEd 1: U R CAnHYANG GUT PRA'S UN A alDEvaRltTY CF A CT IV 1 T I E S , AND ALSU 1N laIE NUMbE R LF PtGPLE TRAINED

__ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

0/0000001-0000077// J CONTINUsTluN 1 PAGE 2

IN T.it ULI or THCbd TECHNIGUES. IHL MtfMODS FGH dbi! MATINGtuulPMCt.T FAILURL PAJoAb1LITY Aht uullt WELL DEVELLPED, T HEDUM I h;41 CON Ik I; U TUN IO InE UNCEATAI:4TY IN T r it h.5ULTb IS THEU.LdRTAI..TY IN PAILUht n r. T e d CF CU PCNENrb ANU IN THE HUMANt an UK NAICS LF UFCHaTOHb A:4 0 MAINicNaNCE PtH lor.NE L . T HtiT LtHN i L Ur_ L F v4 COMPnHING RISAS LF DIFFEntNT TYPES NitD TO bE

M LW t- FULLY LLVhLUPCU 1F .s! J E L Y AcLLPTED 4AYb UF HANDL ING THISv lF r- I CU L T PH li2 LE M AnC To sh ALH IC Vt u.

fwUkDb shCL A b I L I T Y ; N 154, ALC I OC!4 T , PRO 6A,lLITY OF;FAILU6E, EQUIPVENT;FalLunt, C G.n PU . .E i 4 f ; H UM AN FACTLhS;tstNEFII vb h !L4 ;PkO c2 Ao ! LI S T IC-IbK n L LC bbM cf 4 I

1/ d/ 0 0 00 001 -00 0 00 7 // / 4

.h5S I U.e NL. L LCO l te9 bh 9L; utt.t r< 1 C NUCLhAW L AF L T Y ILLUEL: '.1 C T HO o b AND E X A.v P L h sHUR(b) HtidlNb CVPauTh %S 5. 1%I. wr; T c Git 4LLOGY, CANcRIDCCE 19clt LU 1u ppb, FROM ,* N 3 / E ; 4 6 TUP IC AL fnECTINb UN PRObAbILISTIC A1SK

ALbCLLMLNi; FO RT CHEuTEh, NY, LEPT. IwlIL AvntLacILIFY - CakCLYN O. mEILlaG, AbbibTANI PRCFESSOR, NUCLEAR

tm ulNe t 41..<2 utPI., MAbb. INbl. UF TCCnNGLOGY, CAMunlDGE, MAOmlJv

_bOhY UlOUGU;4.,00GO;10U0V0lI Lil 0136' CLUC M JM4 I i. r AinACT '1:_T HOO b rLH .N AL Y Z I N u VCNtHIC NUCLEAR LAFETY IShutS HELATED TO-

NUCLeAh ru .. C n PL ar4 T L I CC :.S I N G And LtbCRIBED. AN EAAMPLb ISo I 'v t s UF A PnNTICLLAR APFLICaTIGN TU ESIIMATING THt nEACTORCLud ALLT FHECLdNCY INCLUsING THE EXPER1 NCE GAINED AT THREEMALT 1SLAND. USItab A S A YE b 1,,N AP PR O A Cr t , THE HESULTS INOICATEIttA I C LMAt RC IA L ntACfun LPtRATING LAPEh!ENCt TO DATE #HlCHACCCUN T S FLH fFC POSSIG1L1TY Or: C U T,6 MCL T D O n NS AT oRGwNS FERRYA 4U Ii sk E L MILc ISLAND Outb .4UT SHIFT THd ESTIMATE LF WASH-1400SIGNIFICANTLY. (CnN)

;URub Pavd Au l L j T Y ; ni ' A ; baFCI Y ANALYbib; SAFETY E V ALU A I IG N ;Glir4 Ek l C iAr.AL Y T I CAL 1 LC h i l L U L

'u/ OO uu 001-00 O uO / 7/ / b'2S10 4 NL. u GCJ l ras 1 < 6ti CLCNEd Ph06AblLibTIL RILN ALLE LLMEr4T : ME T HODOLOGY ,

seP L I C A T I Ct e h , AN , EXPERILNCEnJR(5) L t v. i b bh ; BUG.d T ad'AUTH LUAC Pb nhk C L. , CrtA ntoT T L, NC - LPHI NUCLtAM b AFE TY AN ALYS IS

Ltiw T EH , PALU ALIG, CA1501L11 PAL, EnOA A ;.5 /ENL TUPlCAL MEE T ING QN P F, Cb A61 LI S T I C hlS4A A SSME,4r; WaT CHC$TER, NY, LEPT. 1961

L AVAILALILITY - 4ILLIAM .< . SUGNET, LPw l NUCLCAh SAFtTY ANALYSISCLNTE_R, P AL G ALTL, CA 9 %O a

GuHY 2auGuu;G900uo;1700uuI CI. Ola4

CLUE APY;EPnIRY A4ACT A JLINT tF F L !si dY fHE NULLtAW SAbt1Y ANALYSIS CCNTER (NSAC),

>UAE PG AEH C J1 P A N Y , A N U ."t3 E R OF OThCW UTILITY COMPANIES, ANUIHC li4 S T I T U T t LF :4UCLEAR PCatR UWCWATIONS (INPU) r1 A b DEENU. .v E n T A ru a fu rEnFOhM AN INTELhATED PHCSA61LISTIC RISKA bbE bL % hN I GF LU4t'L OC U NE E NUCLCAN LTATICN UNIT J.a T A I t-b F- I r iC -% n T %iIh605 #EHE nLV1CnCD ANO A MCTHLC SELECTECFUN E A C r1 LF THE 71aJLP I AM ANCAL uF THE A N A L Y'., I d . It E MtTHOCSCh0SdN AND T rC IR APPLICATION AnE UldCUSSLD, niTh E .4PM A S I S CN.\ / A I L A u LL sLtVLT b TG Daft A;40 t APC W I L NCE THAr CAN LE APPLIED TOFUIUkt U11L i TY AN, IdLUSlWY S T Uv l E r., O F THib TYPL. (taH)

sWL v CL N t t 2 ( P ,w n ) ; s t. A C I L R , EdH;PROuablLiTY;dlSA; ANALYTICALT CC.H N I G ut ; w d LI -.a I L I T Y , S Y b T t M ; i:AULT I *, t t AlsA LY b l b ; PNGb A3 IL 15 TI C

kISA A L S t- S S M L 4 T

./ 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 0u 7 7 / / c>SlON NO. 0 0L 01 oc % # 7

UtiL<TAINTilY 14 H4 U u A ts l Li b T I C AlbK ANALYSIS

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____

.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ . - _ _ . _ - - . - ---_

O /u0 u0 001 -U0 0 0L / // / U CON T INU A T ION 1 PAGE 3

.0 6 ( 5 ) Pe%Y La;TCAtut HJ ; .1:4 IL s en%Uitt UAACA ', Ar t I Y u ktLIALILIIV DikLLTLHATC, .vA MINGTUN, U.A.

l 'a l

LL T l / r>v t. / wo (VLL. 11) +. 17 P P ', , PP. no/-dud CF PhuCCEDINGS OF,

Aa 1 4 I c m . . A f l . nu c u. 4 F C hC . .C t UN cur hCN T NUCetA,< PUaCn PLANT;.,s F L T Y I S hut' h; a l oCK hCLA , dacbtN, LLI. 20-44, 1%O

ilL VAILAOILsTY - U. 41 eu t; , l . .C . , .>.u. car ad, Nta Yl R r( , '4 . Y . 10016C O U h I' 2 ;V O b v

f l G:4 0 IJ%P CLUu u (Aj. . T R Y e

j f w AL T T r*t aLU%LCa t r- U;n d% I A IN !Y li. Ph Lt3 AU I L i b T I C SlaA ANALYbib A h t-| Jib (ubbdv USING l t.C L V E e I / t- A UL T INLL ME InC DU LU C Y AL AN CAAMPLC.I Th. mLLh o r- siATISTILS 1. . GUsN T IF Y 1.JG T HL S C UNLCR T A 1., T l h b IS

-

l'dCS T I t n I v . IT IL AxonCD inaT dnYELIAN biniISTILL 15 A 4C REAW40r.iln1L VtatLLE Fu., 3He PmLJALIL1sTIC ANALYtiS CF WARE_v._nTS I r inn u. Ab b I C a 5 tnt!ST1Cb, ANv A LMORT RCv1c4 ! S G 1 VEN.

nokLL UNI 1tL A INvDLM ;PnLS Aal L I T Y ;u ( LA ; .# I Al I a T I CA L ANALYblb;PUdLHs t/. N I , hvCLc Am ;F nut i TWtt ANsLYbl5

' ., / O O L U v l l -O C 0 bb / 7 / / 73 5 1., . . . 4 C. . O u t b i t e. % s o

, c_ I t - il NA ll L.. LF LC atGUIntMLNTb FLA PRGMAultibTlw hibsm

A bb k 5 S..il NT.JA(b) ULCACns J'A U fi t i LLil N 1 LCr tL k La E.i a A C h0Nb b -V C :4 C l ;* .< M L I 4 L ANU , F .R . GCAMANY

l%1Lb i 1/HU ) / bob (V(A_. II) +. 1.r_ PPS, c'P . J8J-9 LF PROCCLUINGb LF-

n:a 14T th r a A I I t /1 xL LU.Jr-EkC sCh Lti CURALNT NUC LE AN PO .v C R i'LANTLAttTY 135u t b ; blLCsnutA, SalutN, LCT. 2 0 -d4 , 1%Q

L AVAlwAtlLITf - UNIPvt, INC., P.L. cOX 433, NCu Y u n ri , N.Y. 10016GORY 3L000;GI000LI U:4 v 10 .14Y a

-ACT A <.L I nu RLLL G Y IS bnu N F LA Tht Pw L12 AB I L I S T I C FalLUHE ANALYSISuF PktLLuhl FCTAlo!NL C u t-4 e b.4 u. T h . TNC PURPOSE IS 10 FINO, TOarm WA1Et , A N ., 10 udFINE M.,U N D A h Y CONJ 1 T I ONS FLR Trit GUALITYkLLUlnEMCi41d, *e E a LU n t h U r- GUnLITY CCN inGL , ANL Cr< l ItL<! A FOHI..Le>E L I I U . * . sd IL;:,T1..u . I tiL FAILUHC PHun A 01 L1 TY OF r: HEACTORe>%t Lbu h r NC b :s_ L aab at1CsMl;1tu UblNG A MuN TE CAktu CCDL. THEatbolla S nu .. TFC .A A G N I T U ud U t- THt I Nr- L UbN CE OF TnC O !F FE4E N TPanAMtIenL L LC n AL T eu Gn. .6 LL , NCU Tsu.4 Flux, OLF cc T SI4C, ANDdislRILUllU , LC..G T t t-I O- A P I M hATIG.

. s e< J b O L4 :4 A..y ; LU AL IT Y Abbv,<Ai4CC; PR LL AG I L I TY ;R I M ; MUN TE C ARLO ; CR A CK ;.>'E b bu R L VC b Lc Lb i s l .> tb ANO PIPC r- 111 I Nbb ; R C A LT LN , Paw

. / O U 00 0 01 -0 0 G 00 7 7 / /: u

:bIGN ciu . U ut b I o c. 9 / d_ l .,t_ N i t r- I C s T l u i A %; dVALUATION LF ACCIUtNT SEGUCNCCL IN NUCLE AR

eLvtn s t A L I U c>sh(b) A4t:40uLA A;ULIVI L;AdINA GJTm sul ..T ht S t A R CH Ctaf,C, I LP h A t b T Ab L i b nMEm 1, I S r> R A , ITALY ;

4CLA, xILnN, 1 I A LYIvelLall/PUc/ Loo ( v 0L . 11) +. El PP:2, PP. 34a-o3 OF PRUCdCDINGS CFaN 1 4 T t h N A T I L -J AL tu r:F t9c t.LL LtJ LURRLNT :sUCLhaa rG ER PL At41.3 A t LTY ILauC b; STJC4hutA, 5dCuCN, UCT. 20-24, 14o0

. AVAILAnlLATY - JNIPuo, l '.C . , P.O. LUA 433, NEW Y U rd , N.Y. 1C016

.LkV ._00000G.4 G134GY h

ALT 8'~uL AbILiSTIL ANALY'i15 T tC hi . I v Ur- 5 AWL etiNG USED .10 x t ANO VGREv ;L D Fbh TnE L/ALVATIUN Lt- ACClvdNT PnuGnESSIGN IN NUCLEAR3CaCR P c A; J T E . T r tE 0APEk hEvlCab IHL CONTRit2VTICNL la PRCG8ESSni JRL-ILPsa, LPCC lr lCALLY NdPGATb O .y T t'd FULLUalib; 1) THE2t'I - U r LF A c_U nO Pt A 4 4CLi At,I u 1 TY DATA SY b TcM FUh THEALUU ! L I T lute AM U LNGANIZATIUN LF LPER TIO.wAL UATA CF LwWS IN THEC unUPh Ai, LU .*eu t.1 T Y , 2) T r m.i DCVtLUPELNT Ut MOnC CU4PLCTE ANDn ci A L i b T I LL M w CL S CF LYb iE MS, ANs 3) T rti DEVELOPMENT OF4LLsGNLC L U R t- A Ld MClHuudLOGY FUR ANALYLIS LF UNCER T A I N TYv4UHAGailuNS 1 :, CO N b :.GUd t o C ANO IN P=GbA31L1TY LF ACCIDENT

|_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - .

|

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

J/0000001-0000077// 6 CU:4 T !'4U A T ION 1 PAGE 4

L i tA I N S .I%vS I I AL f ; P mLb Ab IL I T f id i bA ;F AILU%C , bc GUC'4 T I A L ;C.UR UPE ; D AT A

Cl LLtCT loca; MLO LL

/J/ 0 0 00 0G 1 -00 0L0 7 7// 9C'.E 1 U.4 aC. LLCU1bov7iLt <!M ALLcbbMLNIh0 H ( re ) tLNtWLv I; GA l C.4 T DF isolC LL :2 T ! /Pu t / ;.c 6 ( V GL . I) +. 2 P P b ,- PP. 49o, 499 UF PROCcEDINGS OF

A :. 14 TCn:4Afit.'4m_ CO N F U< t . .C E GN CURhbil f NUCLE AR PO .d t R PLANT| LAFCTY I btub b; LTLCKHCLM, b.vCLtN, CCf. dO-i4, 19c0IL AVAl AalLITY - UNIPub, l . .C . , P.O. BOX '4 M , NEN YORN, N.Y. 10016tGuRY i3GGGuII 0:. oICNihY a

IRALT IML CI A l 4 AN SUMNARI E0 THE PAPEkb GN RISK AbSEbbMENT. THECIGHT PaPehb P x;;.S Ca t c0 14 THt FIRST SEbblON GaVE A P I C T UR E CFInt P NE bti4 T ST-Tub LF H I L4 AbScbbMENT TE Ct tf 41 GU La A.NO USCS. THESLLONd St Sb i d4 CV.TAl?,c0 A T a ', A L uF NINE PA)hkb. u;4 E PAPER

sauM Tith USSm albCJb5t0 nCLIAdlLITY tAPCr<!ENCE .s l T H TMEe d e. -* * O NEnLTLhb. L:h PAPCh FhoM Tnt UK DibCubbEU SOME OF THEU ?.L L 4 i a l.el I C b reHILM hhTCh Iblu PMLe A s ILIS T IC RISK ANALYSIS.L I. (Ex PsPEAS I LL ub r R n T; L t LW PhuaAdlLibTIC METHUOULOGY ISCu-4cNILY cC u4G Ubuo IN LC b l Gr, A. . D Hud 1I 15 GRADUALLY ENT ER INGINTC InL LICcNhlNG PNUCL SS .

m4Db d10K;PRuoAbILITY;LICLdSl;.G Pr,0 Ccbb ;DLblGN ; REL I Ao I L I TY ANALYSIS

'O/0600001-00000//// IO.ablu.. '4U. UOLOluccaO

_ Pa cAcILibTIL :.C C e t b F Oti TnC be nA v los CF LLMPART4CNT FINESsuh(b) b!N NL*AUIn Univ. K CALIF., LOS At 4G tL E b

19e1He ur. k G / L h - C i b S +. 100 Pet, Fibb, REFb, AVG. 1901.

L AVAILAbILI1Y - NATlbNAL lECnN! CAL int-LkMATIGN SERVICC, U. S.J tP A e< T .9C N T UF CU./. 4E R CC , WHINLFIELD, VA. cdl61

GLxY d.:0 0 00 ; 10 0 00 0; v9 00u uI L:4 v 13 2

CULE ua/IHY Aw A Cl P HY b l C-L voDbLL .4 H I C H PWt01CT THt THe% MAL HAZAHOS (l.sCLUDING

ItNPEHATUNEb A:D HEAT FLUACS) OUR lt4G A COMPARTMENT Fikt ASr vN C T I C.4b O t- SPACc AND TIME AHC D E V c L O Pt_- O . SINCE LARGEU NC E,< T A I N T I C L AR E I N nE R E : T TO THE ANALYSib, THE MOsELL AREPnua ab l L I ST I C. GENhdAL vGbdcS AdC CGNbfRUCTEv t:U R THE PERIODSLF t- i t < C L h u a lti ANJ t-ULL Y -O cV tL UPCD ;UkNING. THEbd MUDCLS AREU nia la b A M P LC ANALYLhb IL E.aTIMAlu T rtt FInt nALAnu INPAmTICULAH C LM PA n T A E.w T S , THC UVLhALL ME T HUD LL GG Y hhGUIRES T Ffi'W4THebla U t; A J C i t h M I N I T. T I C PMYblCAL NUDtL t-h0M I c.F OR M A T I ONAVA16Aatt lia T rti LII9RATLhb.

A ud FIAL;>LLhL, FH Yb I CAL ;P9C uAb l LI TY ; C OMP A ATMEN T ;bEHA V ! Ges ; R I SK ;H EA TIhaabFLh, C L:,V CC T I UN ; I GN 1 T ILt. Tt.4 P dR A T urb ; C AbL CS A.wJ CONNECTURS;ntAT T k A. SF C m, R Av l Ai4T ;ME AT TRANbt CH , R AJ l AN T

)/OGCOOOl-ObGGO77// 112SluN NO. O L A G i b 7 c '/ 7- Ibbudb AND HFOLLtMS IN l #EmnlNG A LEVtL C t: ACCtPTA6Lt N1bK-

1m(S) b Ach 4 bL;5CLCMUN KA;YEbLtY '4 S1UTH IL .4 A. D Cu n P. . 5 ANT 4 MO..I C A , CA

1900Nn c.tol-Guc +. 110 PPS, la TsLS, 5 FIGS, R br: b , AUG. 1960

3AVAILAoILITY - PucL1CATluh uCPI., Ti t C HAND CG rip . , 17GU MAINLT., b A r. T A .n t. 4 I C A , CALIF. 90*06

> u rs Y 230000CN 0154CbDF AANmY AACT I r11 S ' E i-L 4 I WL5ENTS TttC FINDINGS FnUM A WEVidd. OF HOW,

ThCHNICAL Ahv NO.w i d CHN I C AL F AC TO-S 1..F LUE N CE THE PEPCCPTION AN DNtGULATIUN OF- RISKS F h o ni TECHNOLU61 CAL ACTIVITleb. THE STUDY

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -

J / 00 00 0 01 -00 L LO / 7/ / 11 CO N i l r4U A 1 L O N 1 PAGE 5

C L:.s ! UL s 's : ri a ., m A I 3 I li.G wCV LS uF AISK VARY ACHUSS OlFFE4CNTI .J ubfr-1..:. Ao nAtAhab. t1L a V I L i. P C I:. F L AND uCFINITIO;4S CF4CEstatte n id s u l t- F mn. .v HA I LNC CAN INFCs AcGUT LCVELS OFattL4TAmtu .s tb 4 t- U A C ues n t. . r Aa b t vCNu l r$G hr.d mC Y ICLHMULOGIES... nA T ThL I ArsL1 C A l lJ<<b An- #TUN l e 4E 4EGULATLUN OF CUFAENT ANDt- U f U w_ % I SA L TU SOCILTY. IHC nFPLAT IL AUJhtSdCD TV POLICYa.ALYSTL, n t w Ln T u n b . L.i u l L L A T L R L . A. w UT HCH L CUNCedi4CD alTML-F C f Y -i u n A Ls-4CauCT 1 Ute PaubRAAS FLN Ex15 TING AW iMLLG1NGI CCH .t Lub 1C5.

vakss u l trs ; o u N t F 1 T V6 N I L A i r1 A4 AN Dd AiALYdib;PRU3acILITY;2 LL i J / P h l tu b t>> H I C Au CLt4S IU t s A T lis:4 ; MAZ aHD , kd LA T l V d ; ACC IDEN T ,JhCh Ac 1 L4 I Y LF

|~

/U / 0 0 u U 0 01 -O u u t 0 ~/ / / / 1e'bE I L 4 rau . LLtbit/t/b2 - AC as- 1 ; HLxCluk A LC I OC t.T CLNSCLUENCE ANALYSIS Pr<0bnAM - FIRST

stsa!LN. / U tJ:4t 1* T ht uriY Aa 40 NtTHODS101 ( L ) nAILEY P L ; v E . .r 4 Y VL ; L TE VE,41 QN yh_ 1461

.1

1 c m i -: .s - I t, /1 (VOt. 1) +. Ga PPL, MAY 19611L A % A 1 L - t, I L I T Y - schcA4Ch Ft unTd CC N1 e n , ELCCin10 PUaCm RESEAACH

l i .L T . . P.L. LU A 10050, P -L U ALTu, CALIF. 9 ** a 0 3.u L .4 Y ULO000;caboGLr I G;4 O 1R- L t D !i SA!4InY A4ACT THIS V U Lu.n C LU CU.hL N I S THE LhNhkAL dCLPE ANU h l ST 0 r< 1 CA L

oc/LLUPmCNI J CU 4 bC L u t t. Qi b ANALYSIS FOR hibN A5SL55M NTP un ts L L C d . Ii CJ T L I N tis Itt WEACIGk ALC ILd N T CLNSCOUENCEA NALY b i b .Ta h U lr< xM (knCAP) N t T .e u d A UF bIA CCMPUTda CODh5 IHAT CA Nat USLJ IL P a t- L < M 1. . T d b ,< A T E v ANALYSha Gi PLANT PHYblLALmtheJuNSC, H A Ji OALT I V i1 Y dhAVluR, ANJ t Ae L A;4 T CLaSC Lut r4CE6 F GRs

N., T ut A T r.D A LC 10 L:4T LCoutNCES. IHt AUDCL It40 OCTAILS ANO L UG I CLINUCTunC UF d nCat Cout la THC hAwaP NCTduhK ARC O t b Cri l b E D IN.CPadaih LE C 11 L:45 U r- TH1L VDuuMC. A LECTICid U U TL li41.JGPLIENilALFUTLnd Abu l f lON b ANs IMPROVdutNTL IN THC METh0JCLOGYIL AL; U I NC L La> dJ .

usUS LLxPul t h r>H U s.H A.4 ; N I $ 4 ; A C C I ad i 4 T , CuN5C aVEraCE 5 ;RE ACTOR PHY$1CS;r nL t: A t i L I T Y ; AC C I LtNT , LOLS LF LGULANTCALCIJcNI. CJht UlSRUPTIVE;CCN T a l W.iC N I ; td rs! ; con ti alELIJC N

L/LOGOOUI-OOOLO/7// 1a.SluN c4 0 . v L._ C l o / 3c 5- CFC <> hoc eILidTIC RISN A 55L SdMcN T Fua U10 ROLA PulmT

-

,UTH w LN b uM C h L e d v t -5 (U., J AC asbuN , 41s

1901oA r- PH O X . LLO e-G S , L I.4 /4 / A I T Ac t s . Tt> Nhc LIHECfun a t- NUsLCAP~tACTJN NCou tA I I uN , Ar* r. , 19ei. DLCACI S0-155. T Y Pd-d v 4,* b - t. c. , AL- otCn. Utb No.- clu',160bv0

. n nlLa ILITY - NnC FUcLIC UCCUMENT n u b'4 , 171/ H binLET,4 -Lh l r iu t L 4 C .. codab (o5 C Ct. T L / PAGt - M i c41 4UM CHARGE..

w_.00),L N Y I <0 0 0 0 ;i.a 0 L G u

!LN O 1,.> 1

COLD CFLTW Y A<ACT AuvICdS THe CCmsLETLC a fu HCCA HG IN I PRO d Ab I L i S i ! C 31SK

A ,.,d c a d M L ..-T ( c' < A ) . StCT I L. 4 1. CAECUTlVC SUMMAhY PWQVIDtSALulfIuNeL 14 LRMATIUN ON 4HY THI$ 4URK WAS PE R FU W1C .4, hun ITisa P:_ k t on N.t U AN J HAT nLSULI5 Ar nE uoT AINtD . THC snAINolCATEL CCnraIN CUNTRitUTICf45 10 htLs FON aMICM MOU I F IC AT IGN SIL Int Ca nE;.r PLA>41 OES tua AtJD UPth A TION .vMICM alLLLULLTaNIIALLY WC,UCL hibs TO THc PLaLIC. AN LVALUaTIGN OFI t t- L c FLANI WUIFICA110Ns HA L udLN PL nt- G A M CD GY CUiSuuthS PO*CRC u. .cm:4Y A40 CJ:4THAClokb aS bdLIION /. EVA LU A TI Ct3 UF PLANT.UU l F I C AT I G.. L.

kUL SIG AUCs PC I .'a f (b e);8EACION. b h r- ;PWO c Ao 1 LI TY ; S AF E T Y A.4 A LY SI S;NA2ARJb AN A L 'r 515 ; LY b I E '4 ANALYbiS;hISA

/udGU001-0000C/7// 1*SIuN Naa. ubJOIGo//G

t luuC1AL lbT1'4eTIUN CF P h O t> A a I L I T I C S FGR REL1A3IL1TY AivD R IS A

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

G / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 00 77/ / 14 CG:J TINU A T ION 1 PACT 6

A? bCSbMF N T; 19tG; C

ppb. I T Aa . ANNaLb CF aV CL E A rt C r4 b i< v Y . VOL. Le PF. 147-6 (l960), c.L.G Qu Y c:0000 ,

'

l 1 bi. O 1av1 THY U

I s 4 i ;bC

I;, A L i TM1S 1L A Lt i I tr< TU lnC Cu1iLN Dc T A IL ING GNt MtTHLO UFC ALLUL A T 1 ON Lt- PnLO AU 1L 1 f Y GP h I $ % .' ,

ab r< D b h t v, ; en Lc,*l.; I L1 I Y ; kc k l Att I w 1 I Y Air,4 L Y 61 S i Puw C R PL n N T . NUCLE AR ;.c A l hi ftA I i L A L T :c Al NL.s T

\

/ O f O O C O O O i -G O O G O / / / / 14;ELION NO. o c.J u l cc 7 c 3_L thAn A LT Ca ll A !! OJ naR tVALUATIUN UF UNCER T A IN TY IN PAGSAHILIS TI C

Wlba A.4 Au Y ;a l b

iORib) al4TtH Pn ; PA ha Y v ,4JAulH u s.A t A SArCTY S htLIAdlL11Y DiktCTOhATE. U.A.

h 19c1U *

,.

Ib ePb. I F l o. 99 sLFS. .UCLCAR S n F ti T Y , 2C(1), PH. 2c-42.

! ( J A ! 4 . -t- L a . 19c 1); Luny 2 .;,0 u 0 0

IGN O1303 CUuE U4A4TRY A,M 4UbAIsnLI I t tt SLUACCb (# UNCCRIAIN1Y IN Ps oAdlLibilC -<l:A ANALYblS AAE

vibCubStv. U bi hG lait t.Vt N I A..u FAULT-TREE Mc T riuuGLOGY AS ANE XA ;& L L . Tht r,G L E ur SIAIILTlLS I r. udANTIFYING THtbEvhCEk T A IN T IE S IS I N V ES T l L. A T Ev . A CLA SE OF UNCEHTAINT1ES IbI Lu N r ! F 1ria # t!! CH Aac. AT PRCbCNT, UNGUANTIFIABLE USING EITHERCLAbb!LAL un uArtblAd bTailbfICS. 1I lb A kb utiu T ttA T bAYEblANSTA11STICS 13 f tte ALRC APPRCW inst VEHICLt FOR THtPhuuAL1 LIST 1C AN AL f S l b b r- NAnE tvtNTb. A.4 0 A shunt WEV1CW ISG 1/E.J v. I T n L LM t OlbCUSLI a UN TMC NCPHEScNTATlON OF 1GNORANCE.

.URUb h 15 4 ; Pn Lu Ab l L1 TY ; r AUL T THEE ANALYSIE;MALAh0S ANALYblb;6 T A I 1 d T I C AL e,N AL Y b l S

,

'O / u 0 00 0 01 -000 uu 7 // / 1oSS l tlN NO. G000100003

_C A v E S i b r4 TO EN NA NLE u LT C LT I ON OF PRELELE C TED EVENTb FON RIE<dCuvC i I L:4

,Uh(bJ bHUR G1 '4 c.J ; T c u T F .9

muTm UCaL9AL n I L M IC Ct,.. aAN virgo. LA1961La PPS. LEEE I n ,,N S . nuCL. SCI.. dc(1). PP. 904-* 1 r; E b . 19c1)

GLsY 0%uO G ; 1/OGOU; cavuO O10 <4 012e

'CULT LA, .

TRY Ai< A C I Th P L I:.T IS '4 Ao t TitAT T HC Act.TAL F LC A l '.i l L I T Y OF T Hti OPERATGA.

a ttl uH Ib CSS JN T I AL bunING AN UNANTIClPATED ACCIDC:4T LELUENCE.4ubl bc IN TCP C d;4al T I UN JURING A MIvH LTRESS INCIDENT -E4ACTuY THE IYet GF INClocNT NHICtl #1LL HRGv0TE T r it ME N T ALNIG101TY. I e.C RE A bC O UPtnATUA IkAINING ALONE IS JUDGtO TO SEINbUFFICitNT U NL L bb bu t *P LL Nc . 4 T L U oY JTHER APPHUACt1Cb TU THEPnOULc 4. A i,Y a I tin P %GPU bei D eY LC;.C+< A L ATOMIL TL lidP R O J E T t-*C:., l T U A T I Li t 15 JibCUdbCD - 1 Tb PRINCIPLub AkE b!VEN AND A TEST OFTtC LYditM. a bE b VHUN I t-:t I h r< Ch 41LC ISLANJ ACCl Jt:4 T . ISOtSC<1DEU.

,R u b F A l tuk t , L P E e. A T u n t a n C s ; P1U M A N F AC TCRb ; Tr< A INI NG ;PRCb Ab1 L I T Y ;R IS A ;OsteATGs ACTluN

) / 0 0 00 0 01 -O O C LO 7 7// 17ab!LN NL. LLd u l t bew. L ir'F < s C T I ON LF SHLCK aAVC6 ANALYb!b vF tAPEdl%ENTALLY

A LC E% I A l '.c0 r10C 4 AAVEb LN dLACTUa cu l LD I NGS-F IN AL nCPORT (INGCnMAN)

sh(b) ttLF'4Ai4 H ; r10 b LW A ; t- A A b 5 t'su T H SlATIA. v Yr. A Al K UNJ A CN S TT< UK T I C N GMe rs . F.R. GERMANY

I979

J/0000001-00000/7// 17 CilieTI NU AT I GN 1 PAGF 7

hSLA mLPU-I 2. i l I + 45 2cb + behhSn-lou +. 4 .:. PPS, Ib FIGS, **hhFL. sv 15 N

i

r.o A L L G O. h . ..

!!L A vn 1 Lat; IL I T Y - L oL A:. OIbIL/CLInL. DGLUMtNT GNALc atN T E RAl.CM ,s !V A L I Lt. CF 3:i ch . 41 C A L 1.. P Lh A A T I L:'. L J GCUf4 tin T CUNTRUL. U.S.t.LsL nu he bu LA TL x Y u JMM i tb lu:4, w A LHI . bio:4, D .C .

f OGr4 YO2GuGO

if1(>N O IdLhihY ul', A C T fhL APPL 1CAu1L1IY OF PRCLE I A.m Y I IC AL '4 C T r1GU L 10 P90tLEMS

CLio. .: .<N ! : 4 G T Ftf nCPLCCilVN ANs a lFF AAL T IGN OF CHCCK 4 AVES IN THEV IL I:4aIY CF r<E AC T LR bulLLlaGd wad I '4v C b T 1 G A T tid . TME A. ALY TI CA LetLULIS acRL C L'4 PA W t- U 4 1 lit E APE 6 L McN FAL VALUtd. A DISCat TE., t.H % 5 t N T A T I da or ThL L i t.E AR WAvt cau A! !UN LEAJL TU P4UPtc

I At4As Y T l t AL utbut|5. APPhuAIMATE G.A.U T ! ur4 5 C A.4 bL LAINCD FtA' SL/t %,. 4 -L I N _A n PkCcLCAS. NAVC 60P6LATlON PnENLxth IN

CLNr.C C T I L N a 1T n LL h tx wuMn (;ILA L LLNFIGua AT IL:4d ( LOC A TI ON OFn t A C I L*4 u u 1L vite :,) cAN N OW CL IRtATLJ ANALYTICALLY. THE S HO CKLizC L l i+ I T b bm nPPLICAalLITY tr Tnt L int An WAVC tLU A T I UN. THET r .t n .L sv . .a . 61 L hu. . -L I 1.L A h 1 T 1 t 5 ANu 1ML FLUd P ht N U M L. . A GAINl at' LUt 4CC 411.1 u k C A l Lts 5HUCA b l at .

.unLL a l I I cau , E nk I ht.d M C ;t Ah I rNUA AE E4Gl .CCh I nG ; c V I LU I NG ; HC .eCR PLANT,

..ULL C Ah s u A n i '4aLA s ent DI L T I G14 Intunti ILAL li4 VE S T I G A T l O N. MULEL.Pata A i t 1 i Y ; ..A %E . blRLb5;LMUGA a A VE ;4 lbA & UCRM ANY; FURL IGNL AGrt Ai.L E

/G/UOLOGOl-00GL0/7// Ib~

_h b lie ?a '4 U . 00C0106500m w t A L T o r. dart IY aTUvY YLItOULLLGY APPLILATluNb HHUGkAM:

S i- L u G Y ,. r t s1 en H PunLk PL nN Tibn(L) CAnu L:4 v v ; n ! C s ..i a . . J..;a b LT uf4 h'AUTN 5A..JlA N A I I C f.A L LASS., ALJULutkuuF. N.M. ; cATTELLE CGLUMSUL

L ~., b . . L it110

I Sc !NNURE G/ Lh-l ob 9 L AN U cO - 1,.s 7 +. APPNUA. 600 ePS. FiD. 1961+e

L AV AIL ASILIT Y - t i e. T I O . 4 A L TE C h.41 C Ai_ 14 0RMA T !uh StRVICL, U. b.J CP A R T .v E :4T LF CUMMCTLE. LPnlNOFICLu, VA. 22161

00%Y ILuv00;1/000U1UN O1e/CUst AoA;Ca7

thy ANACI This kEPunT ud dC h i c:E L abs 4 DUNC Ord The REACTOR SAFt-TY STUDY

*tIMOvuLLGY AP it l C A T I LN L PkCLkAM. THE ACCIDENT SLuudNCES .V H I C H.

UvulNATt Ald4 riA V t- LCLN IDENIIFitL FL1 Tht StuUCY A.1 NC. 1

PaCaS@ letO *AIEd WLACTUN (Wn) PudLa PL A N T . A CCMPARISUN OFT t t; SYblLMS AN v ACCIUCNT LLQ utf 4CE S IS VAUE hElubtN TnE StCUOYAMPLAcT Aiev Tiet Pw W HLel4T ubta IN ThL mEACTCH SAFETY STUDY.

onUL LYSICM C.ALY L I di LEQ UUY att 1 (PWw)inEACTOR, PamiACCIOC:41 , LOSS UFCLutA 1;FAULi Th Lt A..AL Y 51 S ; t h ANL IEN T ; CL'd T A INME t 4 T , 1CECUNO CNStn ; k 1 M ;P 8UD A b I L 1 TY ; S AF t i Y PPLGh A r4 ; HJ CA ;NH C-AN

J / bu uO 001 -00 0 0u / 7/ / 1wLitm *U. OCCu1LLuuc,.

The EXPAsvlNL h0LE uF GU AN i l F A T I V E i< l b K. ANALYSib 1:4 TnE FEOCRALWLPUdL1C GF W nM Ai4 Y

h.(S} O I M N Gt- L n AAUTH T ECh . U.41 V . W NC nL*4, U A . K.s t l N o , F.R. UbnMANY

15c0LL AC A -C N -3 9 / t. 3 &. 1.s P P '; . Fh0M IAtA INTCRNAIlONAL CUNFERCNCEU .' . CUh hC: T N LC LE , h PuaCn PLANT d a t- E T Y ISbuEb; d T U C A NC L td ,a,EUCN. t.Ll. db-24 I *st O

-

. a k e. l L At31 L I T Y - U.lPUa, 1 2.C . . P.O. tn.J X 4r, Nt* Yt,R A . N.Y. 10016,0 Y V 1,.su u b ; P e C O v o0:4 a lc 7CLDti 'A 1 !11 a,= C T irti b PAPtw OlSCubaEd M A l t.L Y T he PH tibE N I .<CLc UF bulH

wCLInoILLTY A' 4 U k1S% ANALY51S IN NUCLEAR SAFET Y.S IMPLI F ILA I I ts45 ve A.4 ALY l l C AL TGULL, ANJ UNCCR T A I N T I E S OF I N PU TJATA hCLULT l'4 CUNbisCRxLLE U 4CC A T AIN TY MAWblNS LF T r1ECALCULAICL F IG Ud ti b. IN /ANY CALLS VALUA3tc INLIGHT C A.4 eE

|

|

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

'.i / G 0 C O U O n - G O O Lu / 7 / / 1 CU.4TI .4u A r I ON 1 PAGE 8

b Al NZ , t,LA mLA T I M bVALUAiICNS. A3ECLUTE 4ELIAalLITY F I GU'iE ShrLULU tA U S ._L C40flLUbLY. IF stL!AalLITY R.E G U I .< h M E N T L AHE TOt ru,MALLY l- 1 At. J . INLY a.iLULO HwtFb.< ABLY ut <ELATtJ TU

PusruLAlcs A LC lu ma T utQUudttb mainLn Tnwa fa I:Js!V!UUAL SYSTEAF U'4 C ( l i stic, . (C mn )

.UhDS k IL 4 ; m Lu AL I LI I t ; n CL I At:l L! T Y ANALYblL;bERMAieY; LICENSING PRCCESS;Snrt!Y LVALUsT!U.N;RCVIC#

;' v/ 0 0 00 0 01 -u0 0 00 / // / .20;155 l ui. Nu. O ct. u 1 ce 9_.i u CU NC c HnCo~.!LiLTIL uILA A llc LSMEN T PHOJEC| PLANt tu n ( b ) wb:46 I * d ; nU ris LE ET;CANnUY AL

IPAUTH L Ps a . .U L L:AH b xe JTY A:4 Au Y S 15 CCNTEn, PALJ ALTG, CALIF.C 19o0't M't: NaAC-/ +. 1, PW L , Nov. Ivc 0IL AValLAclLITY - ktSCAhCH hEPOnTb Cd.4 f d h , ELEC TR I C sLaEh itESE A RC H

I t.b i . , P.O. .- D A 10090, P a. G a._ T U , CAulF. v4JOaCGLHY c10Luu;cJuGOOT [L.4 L 12 'Is L L L t- ti P44Th Y n

fAAtI A CfA1LLL P LA N nAS LEEN O E VL:LG Pc v ud b CR 1 u 1.4G Tht SCOPE, MAJON1.:. b A L aNe LEVtLS LF t F F L -< T ntGUldtL FGR AN I c4LU*a l h Y TEAM TGc t. .u u c t A LUvehchv451VE, c 4L a. 4 Chb PRUBAulLISTIC P!b4 ASSESSMENT(PhA) or avAt FU*L9'S UcLNCE UNIT a. T1115 PwCJECT MAS BdEN1. e l T I A T E D hv Trt NULLCAN S At:CTY ANALYbib CENThw alTM ThELLJtCIIv_ uF JImLCTLY INVOLVING NUCLc AR UT IL 1 TY CNGINEdh5 INLn A l 4C alin ehA ME THOUb . AND PhuylRING A MCvEL PLANS SPbCIFIC

LIULY fu GU1LZ FUTURC LU LH d r- F CR T b bY NUCLCAR UTILITIES. THEPhDJtLi bv As 4 s A CALLNUAn YEAR A.40 CALt S F UN INVEbTvLNT OF ABCUT1L NdAC /U T 1 L 11 Y M n:4 YEARL. AmLUT t LtNTHACTG; MAN Y C ,. ,< b , ANDAuvlTivNAL S t# W A T HLSUUNCLS Fmun NbAC ANU O UN t POwbH CO MP AN Y.

dLhbb .<!Ls;Ph6LAblLIIY;uCUNEC .$ (PnR)istACTUh, P a fs ; C U MP A R I SO.w ; EP R I

N / 0 0 00 001 -0 0 G 00 s // / dIa5 ion ..U. vuJG1USc06L ehuChtv l mb .# T hu LCCONU INTtWNAllONAL SCMll.AW Lt. STRUCTUGAL

NL-L I Au ! L11 Y t.F ACCHAt41 CAL COMPuNC N TS ANU S Ub A b bC .% b L I E S OF.4LCLtAn gua E , etANTL

G r< ( b ) c LN I L A tr ; J s2 CZ N T A ; r- l b IdV I L LM19tul.

! /0 deb, 24U L Li A C4LINitAlNu L utL16,, oO(1), (SdPT. 1980),(MchIING ttLD I44 CQt JUNC I1 C.4 =1TM IMu 5TH u1RT CsNF2NENCE,A L6 . 1979)

uLAY U10000;1I000L;c.3OOGL1 U. 4 G lu ?lhY v.* Nhut<ACT |,P H A ;i- S CwL FU Cubt's UN TME UTILit.AfIUN ANJ ACCCPTANCE CF

WULA:.ILiLiIL L T i- UC I uk AL HELlAbIL1IY METnQuuLLGY FUh CRITICAL% CLEAN wu & Ludals 1.4 rhc FGuA FULLOalNG PhGcLdM AntAS: THE,LLt uF s%ub id IL l b f I C MEIhuDb 14 InE DdV t Lup u:in T ur RtGUL A TI CN Sr# LR JUC Lt A m N En PL at4 T L e b l ut J ; VTALIZATIGN OF P4dSLNTA N U w tJ. s bc CF PmucAal lSTIC b!RUCTuhAL R EL I Ad I L I T Y IN AN ALYSE SGt NUCLC an FL.ida PLANTS; SYSTEML HELIA61LITY/ STRUCTURALRbLlau!LITY - IN I3 A C T luN ANU O!rFERENCEL IN APPRUACM; ANDFUTust CLvtLLPMENIa LF PwCoAc,lLidlIC S TkUC TUN AL RCLIAoIL1TY.GcNLWALLY b d A A l '.0 A 4ATnEk ru b I I ! vb V1d# EVLLVEJ 41TH Gts W CTTL Tnd PnLSci T uTIu! int 1LN OF PWULAalL1bTIC VtTHUUS IN TnEUsAufL!L LF . .U CL d A r< PG * E .s PL At J TL . StVEnAL 1 T t '.. i , LUCH AS ThdIvtuCNCE Ur HUMAN ahu uchlLN dRALxL dTC., #Cmt NUI u l bCJ5 5E D.I nt NLA1 St v 1.4 Aq L t; thlb slNu Ib GolaG TU BE nCLD FLLLu#ING T1C1 Sol MCCTING or b.414 l-6 IN WW15.

sROS utr At.Y ;sh be /.6 IL L F Y ; ST wu CT OR AL li.TLGR 1 TY ; STnUCT UK AL ANALYbIS,s Y. 4 A A 1 L ,,4 C L 1 Ao (L 1 T Y ANALYbIL; HILA;PO%ER PLANT, NULLdad

./OULOVOI vVavu//// JcbluN NG. JuJuicoli9

l et_ l.mLICAT[dNb LF Tht Gi M A A .i AISK STUUY.n(b) al-AnLFE. A i<. L d t C A L L I N Avim vLLL LbtH AF T t um n d A A T G A L i ch C 4 r-E I T (GkL), G Am C hlNu , F.h.

u ku Af.Y

_ ___ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ . __-___ a

_ _ _ _ _ _

J / O O C0 0 01 -0 0 C v0 7 7/ / 22 CONTINUATIGN 1 PAGE 9

i 'r ea CL

PPS, twCL L ef* c t 4 b i r.C 6 41 4. I c4 T Lh:4AllLNAL, 23(c00), P9 53-o5, -.

(aLV. 19eO)tuohy vluG00,Lav000i(LN O 12 0P CLDL b .i bi.T n Y Uus .E li.

T-ALI Tel- MC i rw uS ANv HEbbtTS LF T r-E bE R MAiJ RibK STURY PUBLISHED AY t A T. Abu ;nL SUMMAwI/ED AN D 1TL 1.eLi CAT I UNb FuH ~CACTUR SAFETYAhE J l SCUbSt L. 1T t t A0 LQ TU SULL ES T ILNL THAT HILA ANALYSISbHLULD ut MG Ni alLCLY USCO FLn c4UC Lii A 4 AND O T H tiR ICCHNCLOGICAL:3 Yb T c % . If mad A L., U luc 4TIFILD Ttt NLED FOR SPtCIFIC SYS TE M

'

.4UU l t31 C A l l Ui4 b ad L CLNFIRacU IRCNDS IN SAFbTY REScARCH.auh0S LLRM ANY ; % I SA ,P Rue A31 LI TY ;F AULT TRE E Aie ALY b l S ; CUne MELTUOWN;

UPCR A T I C.< ; I N AN S I E;4 I; F l Sb IGN PRLLUCI R CLE A Sc * ST E A.d ;bx PLG S IGN

/u/ 0 G G0 0 01-00 0 00 7 7// 24CSSluN NU. 00401L4972Lc_ 5TRUCTURAL U NC R T A l r. TY 1 r. 5ElbMIC HISA AN ALY S I SNk(b) H AbbLL h. Is ;b 1 4 UNI Aid SSsAUTt A w i.E N LC l v tR VU h E lac.. CALIF.

I '.ec 0-

C N3 '4UAEG/CR-loc,0 + U CR L -1521 o +. 139 ppb, o TAbbe c6 F IG b , OCT.

19c. bIL a VA I Loo Ia ! T Y - r4nT I CNAL i E CH;41 CAL INFORMATION SchVICE, U. S.

stPAdlMtNT OF CO.&.E h CC , *PR I ;.GF i tLU , VA. 22161;bORY OcG0 00 ; 2 J0000; 110000i! U:4 0 l e t,

' CUJE L LC4TkY ArsACT IHIS htPLisT LO LU ME N T L THE FQsMULAllGN OF A METHLUULOGY FOR

'dustLING AND EVALUATING THE CFFECTb UF ST RUC TUR AL UNCERTAlNTYoN PRCGluTtu MUJAL Ct:ARACTcR15TIub UF Thc MAJUN STRUCTUREb ANDLUabIRUCluRCS LF CoMMERC I AL NULLE A e< PUdER PLANIS. IHEUNCERTAluTIE5 AR E CAdT IN THE FGHM OF NURMALl4EU QANDOM/Ah!ALLLS W H (C r1 RtP RCbEN T THE UC 4WNSTRATED AulLITY TU WREUICT;4 w A L r-R2LUL. C IE S , R AMP I M, ANU >GUAL RCLPONSE AMPLITUuES FOR%. A U GENER I C TYPLS OF biRUCTUREL (LTEEL FRAME, R E I Nt:ORCEDLLNCat16 AND P kd.S IHiibScU CONCHETt).

Ukub bit 1ab;SclSMIC D ES luN ;DA TA PRUCCdd1.w; ANALYTICAL MODEL; HAZARDSAi4AL Y S I S ; b T k LC T U h AL ANALYSIS. UYNA 41 C ;R I SK ;P hu n A61 L I T Y ;1AihE4A11 CAL S TUDY ; CLNCH ET t ; HJCK ; NRC-hb;14R C-EM ; IN TtiR AC T ICN ,

F LW4 R A T I O N Aio SThdCTURE

O / 0 0 u0 0 01 -0 0 u 00 7 7/ / daSS luid NU. u UA u n c4 509E f r id CHah ACT E h! 4A I l ON AND EVALUATION OF UNCtuTAINTY !!4

PnOS AL 1 LI 5 I I L dl 54 AuALYtlSOR(b) P AR R Y Ga;41NTER PWAUTr1 Uu C A dAr cTY f, WtLIALIL11Y ulWLCTowATE, * A RR I N G TO N , U.A.

IwoNbdu a 190 +. 35 PPL, o FIGS, 114 REFS, OCT. 1900

L AVA(LAbIL1TY - tmh tDITUh, UtilTEU &INGLUM ATCMIC ENtHGYAUTHUR11Y, bMETY G 7ELLAaILITY U l atiC T UR A TE , CULChETH,.* ua n IN G TUN W Ad +NC, LNGL ANU

20RY c200GuIGN L 12 5

CUUE J P. ATH Y v

<ACT Tnt SLURLES Lc: Ur.LdsTAINTY IN PhOoASILl$ilC N1SA Ar. AL Y b l S ARC.> l5 Cubb hu U b lNu T nd E V E.4 T/ r A UL T TREE MEInOOOLOGY Ab AN EXAAPLE.Tnt RCLL GF STAfISTICS IN UUANTirvlN6 THC SC uNCt R T A IN T I E S IS1 NVL S T Ib A ILL . A CLAb5 OF UNCCHTAINTICb lb IUENTIF[EU ^HICH IS,AT P4E, TNT, uN ou Ac4 I I F 1 Ao Lt , USING EITHER C LA 5S 1 CA L OR b A YE S I ANL TA T 15 T I Lb . Ii ib AkGUEO THAT bnYESIAN STATISTICS Id THE YUndsFPWUPRIATE Vd r il CL E t-u R THe HRubAultibTIC AN AL Y ., l S OF HAREE VE r4 TS AND A SHORT RCVICw IS GIVEN alTH LOME UlSCUShlON ON TrEWEPRL5tNTATliN OF I b.suW A 3.C C .

:RUS ,ISA ;cEi4EF 1 T vS e13A;PRUuAdILITYiFAULT TREE nNALYSIb;ERRGRANALYS16

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

3 / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 C 0 7 7/ / 26 PAGE 10

551DN r.U . OLCulc4491i NATu AvVANGLv 5TUJY INSIITUTE ON S Yr4 T HES I S A.N D A4ALYSIS MC THOD S

FLh 5 AF t:1 Y A ll) ACLI A :IL1 IY blUOltstu R ( S ) AmSTOLAsIS L;VULTa b ; 6 Ae< H I u b A 5PAufM UNIJ. OF LAL1F.. LUS A t 4 L LL t d i. C.L.C. JOINT rtSLAkCH CEN TR E .

IEdwA, ITALYC 19/6t L,U *ca PPL. eL L A W bL i b r iLD LY PL t- NU M PWtdS, N.Y., 19cO;

snoCEcoIN05 LP THE M CCi lt.L ncLD sT Ukn!NO. ITALY, JULY 3-14,is/c (lLbN 0 .:,06-9031o-1)

(EGUhY4c.0000

11 L. . GlubP COUr U ,, J

NIRY ITAACT ItC I NS TI T UT L .. A S CCWbblJ Ur LE C T ur4 L S , nORASnuPS AND GUIDED

JlsCutLIE..L. Fhud ind LAAbC GUA.4TITY CF ah!TTEa AAltRIAL THAT.. Ab ULED AND PkOsbCEO DUhin0 Tnt INSilTUTE. A NUMotN CF PAPEhSINTAUDUCING IHL Musi dELdVANT hCLEARCH RtdOLTb ANO inENUS INTrE FICLv HAVE ocEN sdLtCTCO. THL PAPekS MAVt oEtN CDITED,PARTLY PEmRLTTt4 ,.N s riC A LR ANLCD IN bHLER 1L CuTAIN IN THt CNDAr4 I N T e o r. A T C v Lxeudl T IUN OF v.E T H U U 5 AND TECHulLuts FDsnLLIAcILITY ,@4 AL Y S I L A 4D COMPUTATIGN GF CuNPLtA SYSTtMS.

oLNUL E At- E T Y A..ALYi I L ; n L L A ;PRUcAa IL 1 T f ;nLLI AOI L1 TY A N,4L Y b i ', ;.ELI AL I LI TY , S Y d ! L -1 ; AN TL nN A T IGN AL ; r AUL T TnEE ANALYdid; FAILURE,CL4MJr. %UC

'U/OuGOOO1-Ovouo7/// 2o.SL1UN NU. LLJU1c3Oou_E ItE Gt d %N R.ALTCH SAFCTY LTUUYsu n t .2 ) t lw At tUF dh A *

19c00

# o PPS. o F i b b. A T bM w I riT S t.n AF i / A TU M TE CHal A . 2 :,( 1 0 ) . PP. 615-20(LcT. 1900)

.UAOC gen 4ANLLkY G10000;1o000vI O '. 0 1 c ~~,4TWY Gt AaAAWACT I Ht- MUET I M P L.1 T A N T WLLUL TS O t: THC Gt n M AN << l S A S TUU Y OF A

J J UCLC AA PG n b a PLANT tG Ulr-P ED alTH A PhELSUR14E0 4ATER REACTCRtwC PU h L I S H ta 1N AUGUST 1979. E. I GM T TECHNICAL VOLUMtS CONTAIN

uLIAILtD vC L L31P f 1 VN b AND DULU MEN T A T I ONd CF TnE INVtSTIGATIONSC Ar.e< I E i.) UUT. THt m L F E RE r.Ch FACIL1iY USEd A5 A SAS1S FOR ThtIECHNICxL PL ,-N T S tuDits *LdE UNIT b UF T hci 61aLIS NUCLEAR PU E RS TA I I GN , A A AJ PhtSSUWIZta dATEh R E AC TUR OF J750 Mw THERMALPCacR. IHIS C LN T R I i.3 U T I L N PAUVILtS MuRE DETAILED EAPLANATIONSt t- 1HC vc T H L ud AND I t IE HLdVLIS OF Tnt w1SA dTUDY I LLUS T R A T EL' BYt AAMPL E S . ( c_ N H )

04Db oca M A;.y ; SAFE TY C VALU A I I U;.; ACCI JENT AN ALYS I $ ; A 1 S A ; FGRE CAS T ;PdUn An 1 L a T Y ; hd AC ICA . P AR ;RE V IE w ;bES IvN 5TURY; SAFETY ANALYblS

>/ 0 0 00 0 01 -00 L L0 / / // 2/>SivN '.G. 0 0L01 o 3 0 ^:9: VAcVE/ IMPACT COMeA4ISON LF ALTCRNATE CON T A I NME N T JCSIGNS,R(S) CsRLSCN vG;HICAMAd J d ; I a YL OR MAAUTH SAdula LAdb.. AL SU GU t HG u t . N.M.

1%/7

ANU77-IlOLL + LUNF-771109 9a +. t., PPS, FNOM Ar4S WINTCH4tETla6; LAN FNANCISCO, L ,4 L I F . , NQv. 27. 1977A%AltaalLITY - NATIUt4AL IC CHN I CAL INFORMATICN SERVICE, U. L.DEPARIAENT U f- CU W - h Ct , LPR I NGe l tLD , VA. 221o1t

.0-Y I10U00;ulOuOt;LJLOOOON L liaCCUE AUARY AACT A V ,.LUE / I MP A CI A bbd $dMEN T Id MADE GF ALTERNA TE CONTAINMENT

C(NCEPIS P G .< C U4 M t r< L I A L LIGHT asTE% ntACTun r>G d E k PLANTS.SEVtwAL r. L T t H a r t CONTAINVENT CLNCEPTS ARE EV AL UA TE D ANDCLMPANEU. C U NS 10 2 8 I N b ThtIn PU TEN T I AL FU4 AtUUCINu PUBL1C wIS<n NU THEIn CONS TRUCT luN Cobl. ThE rsE :.> UL T S ANO METt1GDCLOGY GFI Ht 4EAC80A '. A F E T Y SlVOY (4ALH-1400) ARE USEO AS A BASIS FCG

______ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ ____ _

v / 0 0 00 001 -00 0 00 7 7/ / P/ CJN1INU AT IGN 1 PACT: 11

sElrWMI..!NG l-U l e i . I I A L HISK neubCTIUN: RESULTINu Fh6M THEultsNA(L CL Nr AI ;.raE;4 r ut LI GN U. A M LI .G IH: A c! E ur, A T IVC Sn

C o. o a u t_ h u b , t- 1 L i L $< f U A ( t1 Lb vHut I t V E.4 8 I NG OFFcaS TtJC LRE A TE S T>>LTCellAL Fuh sC DU C i r.G PUJL1L RI:m e: v h INE Lhabi 1.v P A C T .

UuhDS C o. . T A I .< N r..< T ; Lu e.T A I N Ac;4 r , U NJt n G r< bu Ns ; Cua T A I N xt N I , shCSSUhE

v t. . T 1..L ; e%G n Ab I L I I Y ; R 1 S A ;h tA L I Ui< , :., a n ; h E A C T C h , P4H;CONPAkTMENT;

F A1_Un L -Nu t A a A L Y S I :,, ; A u t ! U c . ! . C L R._ UlbnUPIIVd

!/ U/ 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 00 7 7 / / 4L:t u d ! D ri i ,0 . .;en u l tae cm a

i t'J n iu n -P A L Lt a b d Th asi/ C UGE N Ln A T I ON ANs et TGN-b T E AM CYCLE PhGGHAM.LCA1A4NJAL A ;.P U 

b un aluCL/ +. W ppb, TaCb, FIGL, :. E P T . 1960IL nVAI AtILIIY - A A I I Ul4AL I E chi 41 C A6. INF Uh A A f 10.4 SEhVICC, U. S.

DLPaR1MCar ur La M Mci n ct , LP k i t.GT- I C LD , VA. ielblhoLRY leu 000I1UN O 1 c .ce CO-C L A.s*.84Y s

I4ACI snLLsCLS IN lh t stSIuN U t- AN 1 1 / O -to a ( 1 ) HIGtt-TExPEhAfuAtlab-CLGL_s hLsLiuk ( ril GR ) NU CL E a r< LIE AM bUePLY (N;b) IbutbC71sto. Te t id . b3 15 bhC 4:4 IU I .4Im bn A T t F AVOm ABLY INTOP ~t S t: . T .>c T k LC s c. m l C A L Weu PhlMAhY 4ETAL PROCESS l'4 uUL T R IES ,

1 41 0 rit A /V L lt RECOVtkY LPLNATlu.b. A.4v IN TO FUTUNE SHALE GIL '

ntCuVchY ANL LYNFUEL PROLcbSCL. Cubi EblIMATEb FCn CCNTRALL 1 A l I bt. e-o a t n-oc NLa n T I No cc40- ANO J,cO-4w(T) Hlv4-BREAM C Y C LE(hiba-SC) Pt s. 4 I S Akt UPDATLJ. THL u *G-Md(T) HTGH-SL ISIRtATLv Ib A rhuoAblLibils RibA E V ALu A T I G N .

.UhuS NLALTUw, HIGs;LCONJaICS; COST AN AL Y bl b ; W 1 S A ;P kUd Ao I L I T Y ; S TE AM ;F UL L , FGbblL

>v/UbLJUb1-0u00077// d *,

.b b l L : e No. J u a u l t uciu s

.c A U bd e< ' b u d l L .:. FLM MLUCUI A r.L PL-MOuMC: COMeU TC% LL0tS FONtnULT IhtE sisA LY S i d

10h(L) : u sv A Riic S M ; H AS V U S L C t. r,C ; aULt- L>AUTM w AS S . ItLT. LF T CChf eULUG Y , CAMth1 LLC

19c0t.

; 7UR t: G/th-l*ut +. % PPL, o r<t r b . r,0 v . 1900L A u lLAt l I TY - f. AT I UNAL TC LHril C AL INPOW4ATION SLHVICC, U. S.

vtP Ak I x Cc4 T GF CONMEhCE, LP t< 1 AL F [ E L D , VA. 22lbILGnY 090000i Lt. L 1._ iLGut AM

> thy A4ACT f tt bt L L3.vu T tr4 P 80Gr4 A A S at. wE DEVELUPLv lu Als IN GENLNATING

CUTL..Tb Nu sEnFLnalNG M LN T ii -C Ant u A. 4L Y b i b JF CLNPLEX FAULTThCE5. IHb :.O ,C J T ALGUkIIHM 15 nAtcs LN D E H 1 V i e,6 ALL S I ti.P L tCLIbcTS EnUM Ttk AUDULAx C U T Lc T b . F I r4 b T , SIMPLE CUTsCTb CF ALLMLLULUb IN I t15 MLuULAn CUTbbib A.s t CALLULAThv. THEN bYP ~ L P ri r L Y A S S IG '.I Nu i t1C SC CU ISE IS la I r:E CLRRCSPudOING MUDULARC L T .2 C T a , A C Lx PL L TC bCT LF SIMPLE CU T StiT S FUk 1 Ht TOP EVENT OFIhC IntE ARE JETChMINEU. THc CCaE PL-MODMC 4AS OtVLUPCD TO1.',L u r4 PL a n i t tr 4 Ci n T A 1. 4 T Y AJALYblL L AP%clLI TY INTO e'L -M C U US ING'4 L. . T :i - C a r= L u blvuLAf!LN APPLIED TV THL MGUULAR CvTscTb THATP L '1Uu LCNth IcS.

JkUS CL.neuI ~ PAJLaax;FAUiT T h tit A;4 ALY S IS ; MUN T E CARLL;aISs;P s L n A c I L 11 Y ; t iJ CK i . e< C -<4

J/OOLOOG1-0G00077// JGs b lO JJ .i G . 'J 0 J u ! L9 t a l

arPLICATlt.N (F b i dP L 1 r: l C v iELIAulLITY MtTHUDb fos wlbKA S h C S S .v E . s i Le NU CLE A n a A ST t RCPubtIGnlCb

Jh(5) L A b b C N r. J;PnlTZKd4 AiUIn vLTUR-CLLUMbub CL.45utilNb ENCINEtAS INC., oAutN, balT4ERLANO

15sc 0Cc Peb, L I A d d, o FILS, S WCFS, NUCLCA4 TtCHNULLLY, +6(a). PP.2L9-9/ (VAY 19co)

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ - - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ _ . _ _ . _ _ - - - - . - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ -_ .------------_-_-----_------o

_ _ _ _ _ _

G/OGv0001-bGuoc7/// ao Lu.. T INU A T ION 1 PAGE 12

uuhY 140 000 ;i.:U O O OI O.4 0117

4 thy AR.s NLsII+< A C T THIS PAPcA P r.c bi ,4 T d A Pi< Lo Aa lL i b i l C u d T 6 tu b FU% THE cat IM AT ION

LF ldC *13A $F nAdlLALTIVE ntLLAatb enO4 U Nu th G e<L U ND 4 AS TEw uSITualC5. T H-- i .. T nu s 15 uaSCL L4 b l *4 P L L PRhoAUILISTIC4 d, m L A.4L C.RTAINS . INLY A Ftu e< A h AAL TC A S . ITS APPLI CAT ION ISF AL i A'J a ALLU4L A Pn LL 1 M L 4 Ar< Y ALLE LL AE:4T OF mEPULIIunY CCNCEPTSn!IM Nalomat aNs A A.4-M as h nA .< R I E r< S 1.. Tnd EARLY SlIE t V ALU A T IO NANU ac b 1 Gr. s t A bd . (maH)

T wd T. UL NCL1AuILIiY n4ALYLIL;kILA;eALTt STLh GC;=ASTt D1beubAL,

|I c., n Z S T h | A L i A '.,I L alSPubAL, utshUCA;xNALYTICAL MLuCL;-

Phua A 61 L1 IY ; hA al u AC I I V 11 Y hELCALd

./0 / 0 0 00 001 -u 0 0 00 '/ 7 / / .I'F LL I L.! i40 . L L CO I e9 /wL. UYSTc4 ChE C A Phun Ao l Li s s IC b ar t T Y A;. A t 4 515 (UPSA)huR(L) uAnkiCA t- J ; A 4' LA 14 SPAUTH PICAAha, LQhL 4, uAHhlCA INC., I t< V I NE , CALIF. 9271bL 19cvt- Lv c vie 5 , FnOA 19 c0 C4b/LNL TLs1 CAL . . tic T I NG UN IHERMAL ktACTUR

L Ar:c T Y ; ANLXVILLs. T;NN.. AdhIL /-11, 1900IL A%A1LAoIL1I4 - c.J. t , n r< R A C A , P1CAAns, LOmE t, LanHICA INC.,

InVINL. CaLir. W. 7 15c.v b 4 Y I 700 00 ; U 1G0 0 0; 0u 00 00 ;OSO CO O ; OLOGO O ; l a 000011LN U 11/.a t x Y A1 ,. A C T HILoulunib a nd PnLLt.Thu UF AN INOcPtNDeaT PGGuAblLISTlc RISA

AL5CLLMt..I UF IMt UYLTLk CrtFA ..VCLEAR PLANT. i. LC M C. 4 T S CFc, l u L* Y INCLULLs RcLEAdC E ntLULNC Ic h , CO '4MO N CAULL ANALYbib, ANDL oi..> c L U L..C b A4 AL Y b ! L . ab1LE LTUDY aab bAbtD UN aASh-1400MLThaDLLLLY, AUVANCLL 1N A lb N ANaLYL1L *LkE USED IN LU AN Tl FY ING'

U NC c ii T a 1. 4 I Y AN s %L u b L I NG diTC bPC C IF i C CHARACTERIST1CS. STUDYehLVivLb A c AL I L F O.< CV A LU AT ING IMPACI UN kl3A LF eLANTML IF ICA i!L;4L AN v PN LCtU LR AL CHANCES.

.ukub 4tAtton, a a k ;u Y b r C r< CRdLA ( i n H ) ; r- A UL T TRCE ANALYLis;dib(;s rev n s b I L a T Y ; La FC T Y A c4A LY LI S ; CUkt- MLL I Du nr4 ; 56 i L A IC D b .> I G N ;A CC 1 DL;.T , LONSCGutJCChiAi4ALYTICAL .v.UU C L ; P L UM E d EH AV 104 s t- A I LU RE ,LCoutNTIAL

'U / 0 0 00 U 01 -0 0 L L0 7 7// J2.551UN ; aQ . LLCL1be%cu

C VALu A I lur. U r- InL rhWCC MILT ISLANU ACCivCNT IN T ttC CONTEXT OF.

WALh-14COiOh(S) huh AL hu'AUTH LUL Atn>Ls SCI d4 I IF 1C LAh.. N.M.

!WL

i b Frb, F a O|* 1900 ANb/t.sS TLPICAL AbhitwG UN THtkMAL rE AC TC''a-FC1Y; M.U A s I LL L , I mi,t . . , AshIL 7. 1, 19o0A V A l u Ai.: l L I T Y - 4LcdhT L. cohNa 111, Lob ALAMOL LCIENTIFIC LAE.,LUL ALA%L, '.",t. 67b4a.

ut A Y I/0000;O10000iUN O!IbLubt AUa

thy A

AALT CLwAhlLLN OF WA LH-14 00 r E AC TOR dAf~hTY LTUDY alTH CUAMERCIALnc AL I Ci< C XPL.sl EN CC a h U .= a IHAi TAL eCC 1 oC.41 JOES .4C T CHALLtNGE.ALIDITY OF .. A SH - 14 v 0 . LEYChlTY LF AuCIDENT WAS CONS i b rEN T,v l T H A " W R c" LaidudRY ACC i vE N T AL vEbCaloED IN sTUOY. EXACTSCuuCNCL LF rA IL UHcS 1.4 IM I ACCILthT IS NUT I NCLU Ut J INa AL M- I * U u , t*CAUbt U r- Ut Li L:J D I F F t 6Et ICt 3 atTWEEN N C F ER t NCE

dL T 1..b bCu bli s aR USEv FUb ETUJY aau cAoCLCA ANO aILCUA PAR ATI91. HL tvtin, TvI dCLucNCt la I c.CLU u tJ IN 4ALH-1400 Grg 4gg AtJ Lb C r< i s i I U.S d IWA 45 IEN l-lis 1 T I A TED ACLIDeNIS. PWGUAbiLITYANALYbIb L H L , *b Itin T LLCUhRCNLt Lt TM1 ACCIDtNI 15 LONSISTCNT..ITh Abh-l',00 a vu s A n l L I T Y t b T 1;4 A I L S .

AsL %CACTuh, Pa9 ;Tmtt r-i I L E lbtANO 2 ( Pa ) ;1NC 1 JtNT ;P400 Ad IL IT Y ;41dK;mAUIATIL4 tFFEC1, CCMAUNITY;FAILunE, SEGUENTIAL

|1

______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ ___ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ __-J

- _ _ _ _ _ .

J / 0 0 0 0 0 01 -0 0 0 0G 7 7/ / 33 PACE 13

S $ 10'4 f.U . LLEOldebsmC ILA Aah 36% 4 i LF MnJUR FINCS Ir. aN HIGR PLANTuh(b) FL.N'ING s4>;UTM Ct..t A A L * T u ~i 1 C CU., S A.4 slCuv. CALIF.

I ac Gj .'- tt

]l be-Altem +. PPL, TALS, FIGL. APN IL 19t0u_

|lt aVAILALILITY ~ J a l I U 4 AL T c CH; 41 L A L li F GRM A T IL N SCmVICL, U. b.| U D- A W I N r ~ . T t?P LLt&dWLC. tF R I . .Gr l t LD , VA. 22101'EbuhY 170 000 ; 'c ou O v; 10 0000I I G. . 01l ee;> L O U'i cAu| JTh Y -

!!sall etTGG 41SA AL LC S5 MtN T S T U L,Y HAd betN 6 A IC.JUED TO 1.4CLULC M A JO Rt l *E b AL 1:41 II AI lug EVENib. MAJa.h AbetLTb LF d TUU Y INLLUUCst stLvPW N T CF 4 t: THuvutubY, CJLLtCilvia AND I N T Ei, PR t T A T I Oil OFF INE t wt.< I Ccf b JAIA A t4 U APPLIC IIUN G t- MCTMUDS A.=D UATA TO ANltTun PL A. 4 f . OUAulTATIVE A.46 GUAI. T I T A T I VC AE Thuv5 whhE UCRIVEDIU I UCid T i r;Y IMPutlANI F i nE LOCAllGNS. F i r4 E PROPAGATION MODELeas ULCD I T. tu.wJ U. 4C I I Lie w1TH t Ar th I t.w CL DATA AND UC TA 1 LCD F A UL Te

T M.r. Ai! ALY LL L Tu tSIIMnTL Cui@ La CAUSC FAILUGE WCoAblLITIESALSUCIAT L alth A betCTsuA UF ruidF4T I AL F i st s. IT naba t i C hd. L :.L v T ra I e !.CL 'an4C A LIL.lFICANT CGi d T R i c U T 10. 4 10 T"HTua klSN AL LC EL .t 4 I uc4 6._ Y AT ACulodNT rid E G UE aC Y LtVELL cCLO4i O ( - ( ) / nc A C T i M -Y ;_ w4

=Lav, .JACTun, HT u n; F 1,L ;a 1S 4 ; INCI Utu4 T CGMs ILA T IG.i ;F AUL I TRECA . J A L Y L I .5 ; r k U .. A n ! L I T Y ; L.>C R A T I .G E A PC R I Ci4CC buMM AR Y ; PO., b H PL AN 'I ,e

..vCLCAR

/ v / O O LG O O I -0 0 0 L u 7 7 / / ,.A

.5S10:4 NU. vocGILuclL .

_L A.4 EVALUATILi. L:F THb REblDUAL RiaA F,UM THE I N D I A r. PulNTN ULLC A c. -CALn et A.'4 T 5

%U T rt CFrStsoxC HuaiA SYbinMS, ia C A LUI.V I LLr: , FLA.19c0L

i APP %UA. eS P F5 , L Ti< .4 / R E PG R T Nu. 3dA96 TO U.S. NdC, MAY 23,19c0 (ULLAET au-247/ib6)

:L A % A I L-S I L1 T Y - Nmc PUoLIC v0 CUME N T RUOM, 1717 H STREET.a ALH l ac T GN , u.C. EObad (Oc CcN T S/ P AOC MIN 14UM CHARGE--

24.vu)GLHY I/a600;O10000;12LGOG;O90v0G;110C00;2300001 U:4 u 113

t.t ID E OP5'

.TW y ar, - u T hCrGal it IN N ES PL.4LC TV NaC F-WE5E al A l lCN TC ACh5 aHICH STATED

it A T clLN ANu INU ! Aia PT. PLANTL LCxeM I SE MONE THAN 30 PERCCNTvF '4 A I 1 Lt. A. kl 54 F m L'4 NUCLEAN HC AC TUk S. REPLRT PkCSdNTS$T i hT h t ,F *,E d l ;U A L H IS s AbdLLIATto alTH INC I Arv POINT UNITS 2

ANJ 3. SluvY nAS dAbCD La '4E T t :La uLUO Y A.4 U VATA FOR .vASH 1400.Ct.C_ULIUN a AS THAT L c_ V c t GF RISA A:>50C l A TEU aITH INulAN POINTs tai 4 T L lt $ 16.N IF I C A t4 T LY tbSL T H A:4 LEvCL GF klSA *HICH HAS FOUNDI "P L I C l I ACCLPIANCd IN P Ad I rWC iICCi. LING AC 1 10t.L . Tnd LEVEL OFniaA * L e'UR T C v IN .J A b i t 1400 Fuk A TYPICAL PeR LUCATCO AT ANA%dhAuL th CLMedbi1C SITc. CL NCL u d ic N 465ULTS F<GM APPL IC AT lONUF ., A ':. r t 1400 4ETnCVULUGY TU 5stCIF IC vLSloN uF 1 ?.0 1 A N PGINTPlat e T L A.su SITE LPLCIFIC CHAnACTCNISIICS SUCH AS DEMUGRAPHY,dE TEUR LLLGY , ETC.

anUL 4tACILH, P m ;1 Nu l aN POINI 2 ( P .< ) ; 1.u l Ara Po l .T 4 ( P =R ) ; AGE NC Y ,..%;ALWS;hIbs;wtL1Ab1L1IY AN AL Y b I 5 ; P'5 LuA b 1 LI I Y ; ACC I C La T ;ACCIUtNT, LC 4CULtNCdb;NAl.M CCLLING S YSTEM ;bYS T EM ANALYSI5;,ELIALILITY, SYSItM;CUNTAINMcNT uYSTCM, OHLkATIOi.

J/GGLOL01-GLG00//// 3b>b!Ls :40. O L J 010 e I c -+

Pht,AniLIbII. a154 SIUU1Cd 2ARN 1NCHtAdda ACCCPTAriCE wITHnPGUL-TL-S19cGuc ppb, '.UC LE M 1NLJLTRY, 27(4), PP. I 4 -1 d (APRIL 1960)

>URY J1000u;tre 0114'hY A

NUlu

. _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

3/0000G01-60066/7// 1, b CONTINUAfIUN 1 PAGE 14

sACT t h_ A C L I L t.idl AT THHLL AILE [ SL AT.u .4 A u t UCLICVCms CUT UF 50ME IN1rE I .4vob l R Y . nN u THt Nn C. AnJ nAO UC Cid bK EP.1 I C AL UF THE VALudUF AsbuAufL1LIIC A1LA A S LC Lb :. E i . T AS AN EFFECIIVC TOUL INc '. A L U A f I % u 1iC SAFEIY UF REACILR bYSTtvb. LNL YEAd abo, NOTsat . . m. S 1 A F i- b C 1. Lc4 CQ U LU LIA1L T HAT THE HaSMUSSEN R1SA STUDYnAJ .iLQ A F , .C TL ; 1.a A 4Y LICU4birau sE C IL IGr4.- . .u Il 15 hEING. '/ t h A C ._ t > iS In t M Li~htiU F L.* uu A I.T i t; Y l .* G S a F t' T Y l i. A AANNEW THATv lLL cL ACCEFTAoLC TO Int PULLIC.

' ,. L u i., b 1 1 L A ; a h!.C F 1 1 VL n15A;PkULAultilY;ACCIDcNI. PhCcALILITY CF ; T Hr<E EA IL E I aL A..o 2 (.> .w r< ) ; 1.'.C l O c. 41 ; k c A C T LH . Pwk

' / u / 0 0 0J 001-00 0 00 7 7 / / .i t>,

,; .'2 S I G a ;40. Ovr.V1Li9a9|LJ s1'A -NALYbIL N C T Hu s.s UE VE LUPME;< T tlc /ENTH uuAm TEhLY RtPOHT,

I Jut Y -LC P i tVo t ,< 15(9%uire-

u c'. E r< A L _LiClalc Cd., $UNNYVALc. CatlF.lu/9

: uJ Lee h-1 % U/ a-1 1 +. La r% . b F1Gb. u hCFS, GCI. 19/9IL nVAILALIL1iY - 14 h L PubLI C vCLdmLia T huuM, 1717 il STHEET,

I * nst t i;.u T u. . . v. C. obbt (Le s. NTL/PAGE - Ml?.1/UM CHAhGEum.Gu)

j13Y OIvbOOi I v.a 011eCast vCL'

JtsY Afrs A C I I t- t v u J F L I ! V La De IhIL P r<C Lut4 ARE: 1. TO ,tVELOP THE

I tt h.il C-L ts - ;.,1 b F L e< P t H F Lh M n;4L C UF CRtolbLt bRctocR RC aC TGR (3W)R I :.A ~ L E L L b M C.4 15 . 2. TL GEVELLP ANU APPLY MCTHULS FG4 RLDFLANNI.b IN 'cd WUdI UF Tri LINE LF Ad bur < AN LE (LUA) STwATEGY.I ril L uv Ah l 2 r. LY HEPuh! DELChlLLS ATJ ALY ht S DCNE Ur4DtR SULTASK C.LA SuP FLh I 1.u As. ALY L I S . Ai.J E ut. T AS6 C. ACTr1005 AND PhCCEDUAES

stVtLUPv :.1. IHL uuh6 ON SUr-TASA C vCLC.11aCb THE P Ar< A AE TR I CA?nLYLib P C :s r O Wto 10 DCILAMINE The EFFtCT OF tit I DUS CL PE SP AC INGAlv S uo l L |4 VList.% L,CA1ILN *SSUMeT1oNd UN THE SUCCESSFr-CulCTlu.S ibfAINEO t k O .4 THt LGa-2/ LOP GCDANAEN CAPERIMENT.LaintA C * lea 1 :., AN CXAYLE APP t I CA 1 1 GN OF tnt SINGLE PLANT

nla NCLEL. ( r- A h ).O r 05 sILs;ACLlut.,I a'JALYLlb;4tACTGA, b H LEs tid ; d ANC D PdLGRAM;

P% B A e 1 L 1 I Y i sN AL Y f I C AL MLutt

C / G O OO 00 l-GO O v0 7 / / / a7dLiC 4 '.U. LvzV1579at

1 kPL t %t:N T A T 1 ; r4 OF PhLbAnALISIIC d 1 Le<. TECHN I G UE b (PRT)_

euTh .AnLLLA L u1LCux. L Y NL t*o LN G . VAtwLo- FUL. Lim Tt t.H C u l ht C T Uu UF LFFICE OF ;4UCLtAN nEACTUN*LGLLAIluN. xA Y 1*. 19c0A \r A I L A u l L 1 T Y - NNL F ueL I C DUCUMENT mCLM. 1717 H LTHtET._

.. ALh 1N G IL.5 C. con 5b (ut LLN TS/ P ALE - M I N 14UM CHARGEm.

s .Lu); U *. Y s10000;}/OGuv;lovou0i G.. O11.3LLud VAL

i.Y A.ACT LiTICN O I SLU LS CS ae'd PLRbPtC T IVE RCGAe<DINL IMPLEVENTATION UF

sk1 ANO nEGULSIS CLAN I F l CA T f uN uF :Jnt * b PROPOSEU COURSE GFACTluN. L6W utLicVtS THAT NRC 5Huuts AaA ll u ti b uL T S OF STUDYUNJEH.sY ;Y 9AhlGUS LhuUP5 tacFCAL ;MPLEMENT17L HILK-O%SCDCslICalA FCs Dc.,lLN -.4 0 Le'ER A l l u;4 L t- '4uCL E A m PG a E r< PLANTS.aLLIEVtL lhAI W dATUAt I M PU S A f l L N LF 41SA-bAttu b tGULATIUNSaILL u I LCWS.D IT L L;.u- TEA M CFFtRTb U T .L t r< 4 A Y , t.4LUUR A GE eU3L ICn t SCLNCLP f l ui.. PLACL UNF Al s muhudN CN UTILITILS A t40 ; ATE.'nYtML. 40 i OcI41MtNTAL Tu ADVANCINL STATt GF ANT IN NUCLEANs L A c4 T ,C L lu e , .J> t es A I 1 G N A.4 u ht LvL A 110 *4.Rub :. C a t I . n . Puw e i ; A btNC Y . Nnt ;ad LLLs i ICr4. N.4C ;d I b A .sE L I Atil L 1 T Y%..a LY L I L ;LEL ivN L T ut.; Y ; P R t o Au lL i 1 Y

/ 0 0 GJ 0 01 -0 0 u 0J / 7// acb 10. 4 NU. GOJLIL76tV

ftt UNC h r< f A l ; .T Y IN A C C l b tlJ T CON htLUE 4 CES CaLCULA6ED bY LARGELCuta utG TG UNC L * T- IN T 1 t.5 1.. 1;4P U i

b(L) '4 CU Y'i N bri

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - - _ - - - - - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A.

__ _ __ _ _ _____ _

/ 0 0 00 001 -00 0 0 0 ~t 7/ / ,c, r. CO N T I NU A l I ON 1 PAGE 15

.uin e l f . . r- u h D tav l .1 hM Irdu Od vb LLP:4ET. I lao., R IC HL Ai,0, 4ALH.twOr1 ._ Feb, r, F l td . 'b LEFb, :, UC LE MPLlEs TC THE CLvE TO SCFCENn

IFt 1;.rU T V A m l a .s tC 5 , LCAvlNG LNLY ThubC MObT AFFECTING THELulPul Ct 7 4bC Lu tN Lt b . I t i t- van!ATibNb OF THEbb LFF cC T I V E INPUTS<. t w t. P4tbtslu u av Aia EFrdCTivC CLmo l N A TI ON OF bTATib11 CALs t.d l uh b . u n t Cn ALLOUuTCU FOR TMc LitstAm, OUADRATIC, ANDI ..U -F A C T th 1..I tx AC T I LM EFFtCTb GF TME INrUT b CN Int CA LCUL A T EDCUNbtL U L .CC . K.L Y .<t bu LT LF TML METHCUuLOGY 4AS Thcn

t'hLc Ab I L I T Y WENS 1TY PUNCI1LN CF THE C C.4bc G UE NCE UF INTEREST,txF4Cbbts ab A DLLTR13UTIGN OF . T H t;. et ARbuN FAMILY. TheCONFivtNtu L t.v tL IN L ALCUL aT IN G x CONSEuut 4C t dab REaOILYUbIA1..tv Fh L:. lH Ib D l bT rs l uU T 10.4 r U :.C T I C.4. Tnt Mr T MUv0LOLY ,e AS

A r-r L i t u TL frd Cv.wuTER LC ut mLLT-lllA a.4 0 T e id CONF!sE,CE LtVELI ". P dt v 1 C T I N u THt T I v.E OF I N 1 T I At Pl.4 F A 1 L U R 5- DUR 1 .6 AIbnNSiLNI L V d sU a Lr< ACCloLNT Ic4 Tilt r AS1 ItSI hEACILk .v A bs t. I c s '.i l N t u .

unLb CL(PUfr.w F -U t.n A 4 ; H i b 6 ; Ph un Ad lL I T Y ; bhN 51 T I V I T Y ANALYb!S;REACTCR,L Mt- D h i A C C I LL . .T , ( tmC 01 biUP Tl V t

0 / 0 0 00 OG I-00 0 G0 7 /// 395S10,4 NL ) . u G V Q 17,7 G 9 'tt .RC S Tar r < C OU,t b l tVALUAflGN htvlte UF L I M E N it. A NUCL.~An STATION'AUTn u.b. NULLc n xLGULATLhY LO MM 1 S S I J N

19e u.

a,C 4 4t W 5 nE Lb A SE co c,7 +. 1 Pb, FuW AEEK ENal 40 MAY 13, 1960L AVAILaulLITY - 04 nt , .,F t ltC UF PUutlC AFFAIRS, WASHINGTON, D . C.

<05d6GOkY 160000;OcOOGvIGN u111CLuh .hC

IRY AAACT c.h t ' 5 CFFICE CF NUCLLAR M ACILR .< tiGUL A T I C N HAb RdCUEbTED THAT

-HILAULLPHIA t Ld L Td i C COMPA04Y CO.4D UC T A HIS4 ASST SbMENT ReviewUF 1TS 1 ;v u -U . 41 i LIMERICA NUCLEAR GENCRATING SlATION IN VIE 4 GFI t t_ nibh r u P LL A r l Las vCN b !1 Y bu-WuusU[NG THE blTh. IN CALLINGPLx the NILA AbbubLMLNT LlVDY, ThL Nw C STAFF ALuutdTCD THATs hl LAut'LeeH 1 A E LE C TH I C DtTEkMINC T h t' JUMINANT CONTRIOUTCRS TOn !bK , ThhLUGn W aaAaltibilC I LHols.ucb, ANL IF IHt LIMERICK5,# t I Y r t A T u -t b COMPZNSAIL FUh IHC HluH POPULAIION OtNbiTY.Ihlb STuvY WILL UTILIZE LL ut UF IMC TECHNILEL UbbD 1:4 1HCUtvtLLPAENT d TMd Nhc'S << C A C T O R SAFClY STUCY, aAsm-1400.

Jh at A t.C .w C Y , JakC ; M VIEN ; LIMER LCA I ( t., a r4 ) ; L I AE A I C A 2 ( t.i h ) ; R E A CT OR ,s. n ; n l u ; Pr L..A n ! L I T Y ; pup LL A T I LN ;PG HULA i I GN O I L T r< ! o u T I O N ;et1 LORLLLuY ; -N LA LLOuY ; 511 I NG , NEnCTUR

)/0000001-00000//// 90a l C.4 NC. OLAOlbc7%_ GulUckINE t: O h AUTLMAIIC uAIA P HOCE Sbl f 4G R I SK ANALYblbsu !H .JAllONAL t:UN LA U UF b T A.JD AR DS

I V/9

F I P L -rV E -ts b +. 2/ r> P b , e Flub, 11 RcFS, AUu. 1, 1979= sVAILAcim11Y - NATIC.,AL TE CHN I C A L IaFORM A TION set < V ICE , U. L.

Jte AR TME.4T or Cumd R Ch . LPalsGFlLLO, VA. 22161+nY vluouOO '4 0111Wv AAC1 In1a Lu!vCL1:J tAPLAINb Int nLAaLNS F OR P E R F G r4 M IN O A RIS6

ANAuYLib, U ti l A IL L rest M A r.A GE.wC N T l aV L L Vri 4 E N T NEChbbAnY ANDPHd LENT b P h u CE Lo wt h AND FO R M b TL 3 ti U Les FC4 415% ANALYSid ANDCUsl trFtLTiw_ CVALUAlloa LF a AF EGU A H U S. nCStAhCH 14 THib A Pti A. lLL :4h T ec LCICARCu oY 1 riE INFLtxlalLITY OF AN ALAEADYHmbC41L*cD A ,_T t tu udL U LY tiuT Sh00Ls et t:eCOUHAGtu BY T r,t SETTINGor 1HCbh t, a b lC C r< 1 T L n ! A nN D THE CHALLENGt OF DdvELUPING AND

.. _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

O/ OU VU OO L -OO v CG / // / *G CU 4ll '4U AT I LN 1 PAGE 16

. t F I .4 I .L M Uit t Loph I b I IC A Th D AND nLRL tASILY APPLIc0 TdCHN!OUES.4U N ,S C L).PU T ii b FNut h AM ;h IL s ;M A THtM A T I CnL Tr L A T MEN I.;Phuu AL I LI T Y ;

a 14. z s i< Da A'4mL Yb lb

,/O / U O OO U tJ l -00 V uO / // / '+ It _.2 510 ' . NU. DOCol x,7bo

V Lr- CLAP An 1 LL.4 Ur ii l .;,s L. F V a '41 LU L CLtCTh! CAL ENthbY LGuhCL53 HU.4 ( S ) l i .r t n at a N4 Paul it ILMIC L.strs b Y LGi e l RLL uJnhD, a f T A .4 A . CANa O Ar.

(C 1.su or. Ls

: 11. / P P '.2 . E *. o M 19eu A4a/CNS TuPICAL MCcTINb UN IhE-AAL wEACTORS Ar E TV ; %u x v! LL E . 1 Lara . . aPhlt ~/-lt. 1%O

<st AkAlwAaILifY - H. I f 4t tadC d. A TU M I C CNtsbY CCNTnCL aOAMO. CTTAuA.L A.. Av A AIP L av

T1. L u a Y V1G00G: llLN u 10 9v4 T r< Y A,I:< AC T f r-C hlbs fG r *J A A N HEALTH LF VAhluub ENChGY SCURCEb HAb PROVCKED

bout CU hl h uV CR bY lts f r1t PA L I Ftn Y L A.< b . vUd TC INAJEGU-TE ANDt u .F L l t I 1,46 LAIA. O u t S T I t ,. . b sVCh ab a h e s'i L s c O k A .. b I rit. i s. U . . v A w Y LINi run A Cut + LC T E L:4,bY LYSTCA A 7.v n t .. L u .4ekvSALILITY. H Ib n-CU. ebt;ubthC L ACC I OL 416 A s t:E C T I:.6 Thi sV6LICL ,, . . CC F ALT OiC J I ?a. IN I r11 b e A W ._ u . I t,L RdbutTS OF T .v 0 W2CtNT.s C._ A i ! V L S I J si tiL ARh COMHahEs. IHC VALudt ULCu IN dbTIMATlaGi e uC L . A n nibA 1:4 VAhicUb L I I E.< A l uut .d V lt 4 6 adC aLbu EVALUATEDli. LU N L mC T A IL .

m) H u b albs;naLaku. ktLAIIVt;hacAnU2, MN AL YLI b ;hNChbY LLURLC;CLECTRICeJU a L ' , A L I t h s .A l C i L O A L i bO LA n s i 4 + 0 n ti k . ;.2 Ar t T Y UF;PhuGAoiLITY

-

/0/ 00 00 0 01 -06 0 cO 6 7// *ht '2 5 I O N .ib. V OCu l bb /01LC albs aNALYSIb* T L n ,. R G A STANDAav raL T HLOno ;- ( 5 ) S:a l 't H shNU f d .<CLCUhCL LY L IC Mb I Nb T . . rONOLULU. ria rv A l lE 1 'so OM Lo Ic PPL. rnLM 1*mo ANb/ ENS TOPICAL MEtTING Uta T hd.< M A L REACTGR;

ANUAvlLLC. I CIN. . APhlL 7-11. 19L0IL AVAILAb!LllY - AinA h. SAIIH, NddVUNCC S Y S TE.-;S 1.% I . , EAST .vCST

Ct;4 Idh . MUsCLULU. M A r. A I I 90646(> CRY OILOGO|IGN v109.TRY AInaLI itC A I b n. d CF vIFFL9CNT L YS Td 4L GFitN AhL nut L.4L Y CU- 1P ARED

l i .C LN C I S I C., T LY , our ARE U.LCULAftv 144 A MANNCR IN APPnO W I A TE TUItt sLC I S I LN L et ING MadC AcOUT ENCnLY TECHNULGLIdL. #ITHOUT AC A.< d F U L L r L OI.a l,4 UC T C v Are v A bi E t o-U PU.'4 rkAACachA FCA TABULATINGhlbAS, II 16 POSbinLc TO CUMt. IL NnAMLY ANY CONCLublGN AdGUTL L"P A R A T I vt rwcAALb. ribatVdw. AOhEnLNCC IO A FEAb T w a l b n T r O N u Ar. O nULhb (SCME HOnnJwtv r: G O M FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING)la SUF F itita T TO CabuhC Luf 4S I S TthC Y .

eU P v' [ANUAhultATlON;nNALYTICAL TE Ct1N l udE ; MAT hd M A T I CAL ThCATMCNT;'-

Phub Au IL 11 Y ; n! b4 s kELI Ao 1 LI T Y aNALYLI;2

'u/ 0 0 00 001 -0 0 0 u0 7 7/ / -+ .3. ,S I O.4 led . 00A01S5700_E A HILA N tii t tO v0 Lu bY PhEbENTaTIGN_

k> A ( b ) cFv 4 Af 4f 4 ,C ; K LL LY Jd;sumbLE El%UTH EC a c 4Lt .se P L IL A T 1 0 4 L INC . . GAmu ALTL, CALIF.

I Vi tsAL FR I .4r3-79-1-ub +. ao4 HP d . F!bS. JAN. 1979.

L AVAl Ao!Li(Y - HE Ed AhCet adPunTL CENrEh, dLCCIhlC FGaER RES E AGC MI ; 4., T . , P.O. _U x t u o 9 G . PALU ALTL. GALIF. v 4.5 0 2,

vunY u bO Ooo ; U 1 C00 0IGN OluvCLLt SAI

14 Y A,ACT IMIL T.E P' h I W CU M E N T t Tn E MATCRIAL FRELEN TEU TO UTILITY AND

LPHI PAhIIC1FANTL Jun INb A CNE-LAf 10(Ch1AL CN hit < VCTHCDOLCGYAePLIco f u W K LC A N r> L v E k SYblEMb. jab!C PRuuAa lLIS T I C ANL -< l S KCL.NCdPTS AND E XA MPLL b LF HlblLRICAL UATA .v E H C 4 t V I C w' dD FCLLO nE Dt> V A LLSC41PIIGN LF tVENI ThLC A. w D r; A U L T ThEt ANALYSIS

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ _ - _ - _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ . _

___ ____ _ _ _ _ _ -

O / VO v0 00 I -00 0 00 7 7// 4J CU*4 T INU AT ION I PAGE 17

Mt i rtuvuldb ! C b A'4 J ALSUCIATCU EPRI CO WU T C R CUDCL. RtSULTS LFAPPLYli.L T hC :.C ALTitbub TU l tit PJTLI.T I AL P R GttL C M AQhAS OFLbibMIC 4 E L F L.'4 u:. ANu ANIICIPartS T R A. 4 L I E'4 T b a l T r10 V T dCHAM INLILMI nATEa 4 AC ILN LAFEIY AnC A L_ L O PhtiSE N TE U. ( C .4 H )

wt;h b5 h lbs ; Pubo Ao I ti ( Y ; t- A U L I ThCL nN ALY d i b; ANALY TI CAL T ECr1N I QUC ; CPR I ;StILMit uLS i t.4 ; A CC I v h.JT , ATAL

/O/0600001-000007/// 44

y b b l u.4 NL. O tA_ O l d L l 4 3Lc .LCLCan "E n C lu r< SAFC1Y L L;, b l LN T HE M AL R E A CT L A SAFETY-t;

%LL1AoILIIV /.' 4 v Pa uo Ab IL 16 I I C R1hs ALSCbbMcNTe v,/9

1 LL I1 PPL, PP. /u-en UF i k ANbaCT I 0:4b LF THC AMtH I C A.v NUCLEAR

LLAIETY, VLL. ce. FNUM 1979 ANNUAL I<E E T I N o ; A TL AN T A , GA., JUNEa -/ , 19tv

LounY U lutou ;2dvG0 u; IEv000 ;O60 GOuIiOn G106;4T k V AInnLT P M C ic., enhbC. .T LD I . 4CLUD E : 1) Thb CG 4 SEQ UE NCE MCO c.L LF THE

G C r, .. A ; . hC AC i w 5AFEIY S I ou ( , E) F R CGuti.<C Y LF ANT 1CIPATLsI r.A n S I E ,.f S , e. ) S LL I U d COVPUNCel MELIAalLIIY DATA CO LLE C T I O N ATLnuub, el F I Hi nUPTunt vbLnAclLITY As APPLIED Tb ens STtAM L IN En ac AK , b) uu ,N T I T A f l v C SYb1CA It4 rt R AL I ILab t9ClnLDLLLGY:AretICATILN TJ pan ed Ek SUPPLICb, c) SA30TAGE x1bs MOLtLINGFLh LanL, /) 3 AY Eb t nN Pntu!CllON MOOLL FOR Fint GCCURRtNCES INNUCLEAD s G '.. E h s4 ANTS. Ai l u o) A bTUUY OF 4ULLEAm PuaER rLANTFlaLb.

at .h J 5 ,< t ,, e T L a , Ir iC V4 AL ; S A F L T Y 4.N AL Y b l d; n Id s ; PwO c Ao I L I i Y ; H CL I An IL 1 TYAN A L Y L I 5 ; ACC is t,4 T , CONblou tNCC S i uhRt4 A NY ; R E AC T UR , FAST; LATAAUCCbL i1.0 ; A LC IU C:4T, ST h AM L 1 t.l. HUPTURE; sac 0TAGt;F1WC;Web I LI I 0:4

'O / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 06 't 7 / / :. d

_bb l u. 4 NU. OLCL1bd!c1_.. f.UCLEAW whACTUM b aft iY SESS I ON : T hc.x A AL REACTUA SAFCTY-6:

APPL I CA T I Ur4 LF R164 AbSELSMENT: IELni4ILUES IN OThtR COUNThIES1979L

. n PPs, PP. 4 tc -6 7 UF T m A.o AC i 10% LF THE AMCk1CAN :UCLCARbvCItTY, VGL. a2 , r: ALM 19/9 ANNUAL MtETING; AT LAN TA , GA.. JUNE:-/, 1979

nG6Y O10000IGN O lu o414 Y AkACI eA-C75 rA Lbkt.I CJ I:4CLUDE : 1J CLMNUNICATIGN TECnNIGUCb FOR R I S e<,

' _ L i 1 :n, T t h , i_ ) A P r> L I C A r l u t. uF shunnulLISTIC RISA AbbCLSMENTT L C h N i t.U L S I ;. JA P A. 4. 3) H I LA A b b t b S.aE N T Fox I.vu htACTOW SITEDla NGh n AY, .+ ) nEACTGx bAFEIY STvLY APPLIED TO TnE FOWLMAh6 ,$n.LCLdAh ranta e 4_ AN T , ,NU d) A 5 5E L b:4E N T GF ACClut:4 T hlbAS IN

uCN 9 A.4 nULLLAQ PL6th PLnNTL.vbJL t. L A C T L h , tnt W1 AL i b A r c TY n 4 AL Y b l d; w 164 ; Pmdb Ab IL I T Y ; I N T E mN A T IGNA L ;

G C M M A N Y i J A P A s ; . .U 4, A Y ; d a h r_ N

v / D O LO vG 1 -O G L by 7 / / / 4bSbIUN NO. O L A O 1 u + cA i- Int oChMAN R lb & bIUUY: LUMMARY (IN ENGLISH)AUTH l hi- FE u t- k A L 141 tJI b 1 E 9 UF RESEARCH nNU I E CHNLL LGY , i: . h . GERMANY

19/9Nut m LR- uu +. 49 ppt , 4 TAot, l .;. Flab, AUG. 1u. 1979A V A l t_ A u l u t T 'r - GLNTAuT D x. G .L . n L NNt_ T T , U.b. NuCLtAx~ CGUL A T t.n Y L i.M MI W l ON , UFFitt GF NUCwEAR REGULATU.Y kLSCANCH,V Abn !..G T ON , v.C..F LR UILTWinUTluN I Nr:LR M A l l L.4.

;Lh7 uILUUvI L :, o107IN Y GsACf I t t_ e x C S:-! . ! e. WORT CLNSTITUTtS UNLY THE t-IAdi PART U r- THC

blR '4 A N WicA L T UO Y (PhAbt A). THC RtdLLTd CF PMAbC A UF THEG tS 3. AN x15s LTUOY MAVt b hiel COMPILED IN A MAIN VULUMtC L.4 1 A I.4 1..u TOTAL U r- 9 LMAPI645 ii. UbJECTIVES, LAYOUT ANDa

Uno A.412A i !LN JF 16tE LIUJY; 2 FvN u A MEN T A L ACMARAb Un T HEI LL N T I F I L A T I L. 4 OF AIE4E; a. THE NUCLEAh PO4th PLANT; 4.buuJECT MATTcR A '4 D wtTHOL GF THE RISA ANALYSIS; b. RtbutTS OF

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _- _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

s/0LLOC01-OOLCU//// /+ 6 CLailNUATIGN 1 HACE la

Iec CVtNI Ih t <*mALYSISi 6. R t t t ,. M UF F 165 ILN PWLLUC1b; 7.Att 1 JL.4 i CLN LE LU L 4CE M ua LL ; hr_LULTS A ND .I .4:1tN t'J Tv.bIGNIFICA.Lc uF The R tSULT b ; 's . CLNLLUSIUNb). f, t H )

.U ,i U L t.Ed . A.4Y ; S AF C TY Z V ALL A T lu.4;UELI Cr. b T Uw Y ; ACC lbcN T ANaLYbIS;Ph ot m., I L 11 Y i n l L A ; PL a ~ h PLANT, N L(.L LA k ; ht A C T U h , Ldx;PUPULATIGNL a u b u h L i.4- st.4LN , LAFdIY LF;FLht1L4 h Alr1ANGE

/ J / OU LO O O !-00 L GU / 7 / / 4/.

(S S !L., NL. O L J u l u d ._9 7L- Itt ALLE o r- r<! LA A 5 h b L a M cN T IN IHL NU CLE A R r< CO UL A T C,4 Y PNOC CE Shun (5) t b V l '4 L hP4U1h U.L. NVCLLAW NCbVLaTLRY CLNMibbluNL l 's 4 9t .,

4 9 re s S , c fAnd, c FILS, A t.N A L L CF NLCLdAk ENENLY, o(b), W.| m c.1 - 0 9 ( 19 / *, )

U s L .< Y a<0Ovu;vI000O|IIDN C 10 99 CLUL .mLNThY U, . > A .L CI 4 ,, L I .s1LA % L L u .<. L . 4 i TLCHNIGUL5, aCNCF i 15 A:<J L14iTAlIGNE, AnE

utstubbts 41 il t .. ASH-1900 IN w l ..D . T r tr MtTHULULULY IL mC V I C# EU ,,CLt<vniALas A nr_ s I s Cu .> a b b , THE NetD t: CR cbTAbLIdMINb Cm1TCW1AFLm A L L h e 1 A u Lt LcvtL5 UF stSA lb LITCJ, ITS APPLICsolLITY f(.,. L I C r< '. A T l V: LO NT A l ; &M uta f LY bl J ML IS et AbuM C D, ANu THCA ,-P L I C A T I C. 4 F HibA ASSE LbMC. I TU PhbCHAM uEVELGPNENT INUc:.E R A 6 IL a .NA LY L E v .

auhus ACLI CJi, PH W AblLiIY UP ;h lbKi ActNLY , NHC;kCLIAo!LITY ANALYSI5;n tN E r- 1 T vb h 15 N ; LaFC T Y C V ALV AT 10 4 i SAF E T Y PRub4AA;wkGaAbILITY;nEAciun L.v h,

/ v / G 0 t,0 b G 1 -O G O LO 7 / / / 4L; b b l u.* NU . OOLvib 10Ii A r PL I t s i lON LF PnLoAalLisIIC TELMNICutb Tu delsMIC WISA

ANALYSI5 GF IHt 's l AJ L U CANYLN FLAaTwk(5) t hu r.U T A A;Fh u x,<;MuuLlA TA** U Tai P AC I F I L b ,. S L ELCCrh1C CL., LAN FMANCILCO, CALIF.

19s6Lt s,N t- -7 u u b G / ~ r a &. IO r>H L , rJP. Aav.b-1 T r1 R U -1C, FRLM VLL. J,e,

shaCCLUI!.hs LF IhE A.6 TLP1 CAL Ac t T I N b UN PRubAbiLIST!CANALYLiu CF : .U CLE A rt RCAClun LAFETY; NEwPOkT bEALM, CALIF., MAYs-lO, 19/c

L -VnILAblulTY - T.A. MLULIA, PACIF 1 C G AS 1, dLtCThIC CD., DbHT.JF .iC h A?il C A L (, 24UCLLAN t!.O i NMR I NL , // oLALE bI.. sanr h,.NC 13t c . C / L IF . W12/

hU ii Y acO OOO ; icOOO Llto4 L 10 9

LLOb PLkTwY AnACT Trt PhlNCIPAL r.)u + a S c UF Thlb STUDY WAb TU MAAh AN A S $ d S S!*iCN T

UF H U T '.' N i l A L d lS% TU TM- PULLIC F huti LAhTemuAAE-CAUbtuACL1JE.4It AT T tti alAoLU LANYLN '.uCLEAh PUaEh P L A:4 T . 1T AAbF uur.a I t4A T b Mi N n t TEN CGNLILLmlNG inE IMPACT CN The PLANI GF-LL CL un -I lut. b WELL la C X LE S b LF IMc MAXIMUM AMILH ThL hRC ttA SAMLJ The CU ' P AN Y lo CUNblsCG, 141t RISN TO T rth HE AL T r1 AND5,-F E T Y UP T H r. PuukIL CAULED MY pus 51nLL E x a T Hu V AK E DAMAGE TOTFL P uA.41 .v i. L FU utJU 10 bb EAThhMtLY R b Mu l ti . ( C .v M )

JkUS P nLe An I L 1 i Y ; ri IS 4 i C s b E 1 L a ; h I'.A ; v 1 A b6 G L A N YO. 4 1 ( v..R ) i u ! AL LUt i. w h o c ( P .. i- ) ; 5 C i d M LLO G Y ; t A r< l r1L u A A L

1/ u 0 00 001-00 0 00 7 / / / 44.b!u.. 40. u UCu ! LW ae: t V n L U % T I O.. L t- Tnt 1:4C-E MENT AL LElsMIC nibs UUt TO TMEr. .

P,E LC.C t LF ULLEAa ru.vEh PLANTL;h(b) Ltd YT;ushtNI a;APUS|LLA(Ib USV T h Univ. UF CALIF., LuS ANGLLEd

19/cLm Lt r; -7 6 05 0 7 -r3 +. 14 PP L, PP. A1V.2-1 THRU -12, FkCM VUL. 3,PautEtu! Gb LF T hC ANS TtPICAL AETING ON P4 Ud Ac,1 L I d T 1 CANALYbib LF MJ LL t Ad mLALIC8 dAFCIYi . e t- W U R T BEACH, CALIF., MAY6-10. 1976

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

/ 00 00 0 01 -00 0 vo / / / / 49 CUNTINUATIGt4 1 PAGE 1 *>

AVmILooItIiY - Y U..i I L:46 LCi , L H D.i 1 C A L , . 40 CLt Ai, , ANU THC7 MAL

L..ulatEntnG ctPT.. S Lt10 U L OF tNG lu CEh l t.G ANO.APPLILU $C itNCE .u ll V . OF C -L 1F . , LOL ANGELtL. CALIF. %d2%

's b r4 Y L1060V;11vubbIGN L10*C t,U E Unv

m in Y Af-AC6 I"C actbAIC hl LA Fuk THE LON T it.C N T AL UNITdD STATCS, its TERMS OF

I t t_ cAPrCICL n NN U AL .uMcLH OF Dt *Ir5 AND SdVEAC li4JUR 1 LS , AND.

lhC d e s t- L I E D P e,O Pt i< T Y DAAAGE. Ib tVALUATEU 1 r4 TnlL gLhA.WOoAaIL1STIL MOLLLL ANJ CLnktLAi1LNb AdE btiVhkCPCD ANs USED IN1 r ic dVALUATILas LF int xlasd. ACu bU:4 TING FUR SUCH 1MPUkTANT/ A~ I At>LLd ab TrC Vah!AnlLITY OF PhtPLR'lY VALudb, U A :,tA G E

.

r- AC l u h S , ANL bu uN. IN ,,sblTluN. .MC INC REMer4 T xL 5dISMIC 415A|uLc IU litt P r.E Ld wCl u r; NuCLEAn PUWER PLnN T b IS LVALUATCDUfILIJlhL REWLIS A; .s MLTHLab AVAILAULE IN Int L1TERATURE. THE%tbvLfL s rlL W l hA I friu 1:4 CREMLN T Aa n!LA 16 GE NCil AL LY VEQY SMALLCL; W a W cE O IU 1ric u AC& bHLU NU SLibMit es l S A . EVt:4 IF A V t. N Y HIGHdhuuAbiLiTY fun LLdL Nt L i IS PUdTULATtD. (EnH)

iO rs L S P%Ut Av I L ll Y ; i IS.o l C LtSI ud in i SA ; SL ISELOGY ; Ar.A LYT I CAL MOObL

'v / C O Cu b 01 -0 0 L ou s /// 5v.5 b t it., :U. v C C G 1 L u a,.'4c AUTL4alLL rh tL1AlWAkY W I LA ANALYbib ( AV I O ti T 11)6 (5 ) s IL dur. Jw'cJTM d uo u IL AriG l i sC . , I D A t :0 F ALLS

19/u

[t. .F - / e b u G 7- Pa +. 6 PPS, Pr. Al l i .a-1 THRU -6, F .sLM VOL. a.A LCCCol.ibS tr IttL ANs TUPlCAL MEC TING CN PNUuAnlL!dTICA;.ALYbiS U r- . .U CL E A R HCACTGk SAFLIY; t4 C4PG R I at ACtt , CaLle.. MAY-10 . 19/0

L AVA l Ao lLI TY - J A tM L Is . .i l L bLf 4 . Liouv luANC INC., P.G. bCA 1625.ea401I LA s tJ FALLL. I C Ar10 c

GU s ( LluuGU1GN 010-+LLL! L INC

l e- Y AHALT AuTL2T 11 15 A C L ;. PL ic h CO L E aHICH AUTGMA T IC ALLY sAAab A bYSTEM

- VL a T 1huc. LL1AINn1ING u: NC Cd L L A tt Y bmANCHES, A. .J LAnELL EACHALL i st. 4 T Sc L LE : C L .v l I t s PhLbnalLllY, LLNScGUC:4cch A r.v nlSs. THEI WU i L Ti; Tsit CULE ARC ACY ava aYS Ith . CUT stTa (ua A SUbbYS TE MnASIS). tu. 4b tu Lt NCd b LF buh5Y5TCA F u l LLn ti IN C ACr t t- A I L U L C V O UE .u .u lalIini i NG c Vo,I p r<G t A b l L i T Y . (c a n)

'Ja ub a Lu AO ILI TY ; t A UL i f i. t.d AWALY*15;CGNPUTER PWU Le< AM ; a 15 A

U/UVOOOOI-Ovubu//// alNSlUN Nu. OULs1 ;,E..

I ;YLicM tv hi41 fnCL AN/LYSLS FGW U r- T L4M IN IN G ACCi vC N T SCOUCNCESInnI .a * .1 % T C c. I L4 3 IN L ais PL W Li< PL AN TS

;a(L) A a;,c _ 1 4 aV ;C A4 L5 are v s ; F ti vbL C MA

AU I rt S A: . v i a L,, u b . , . 4. fi . ; cVmLUATIUN A s t,U C I A TE 5 1 NC . , PA.

[9/6LC LwF-le db O /-PJ +. !< PP S, PP. xil.2-1 THRU -12. r: A GM VUL. 3.+u C 2 CD I w b LF The A s .S TLPICAL VLC II.4G ON Pwt6Ac!L151ICANnLY51S ;F NU LL t A s ncACILH 5AFCiY; N tia P G r1 T cE ACH , CALIF., MAYe-1v. 197h

. AVAILAaluiTY - MAkIo A. rtDCut. :_ % ALJ A T IGN ALiuLIAItS INC.. GSB,Luu.. * AL A (Y '..e Y D , Pa. 190 v4

>U e; Y JtGuoG;Gr000L;170000IGN u 10 4LUJL nUA

f%Y A<aCT A ALTrivuutGGY ttA L -s t t N v iv bL t.PC U InAT IDE N T I F I CS I rtL C L M I '. A N T

t L C i d ._ N T 5EubCNC;S F Um A blV_N N J L L.~ A R POaC4 PL Ar4 T W IT ngund f aN T I ALL Y LCLb itFChi t r1 A;4 nab nCuul9ED IG ACHitsE Tot S AM E-

OLAL 1:. l H ti r:f AC T U h '.Ar;C 1Y SIUvY. THIL l$ ACCOMPLlLHEL EYJ 51. .G ItC Mbb G c '.a V L T d ANU MCFHOLd AS A POINT Le utPAsiUAE,L,-PilALiclab L .w b l .=' l L A R I f l C S A vu. .G PU4td PLA.4TS ANDALCu4MLunTINL IHt J l r Foi~ a:4CCL IN PLA:e l SYSTC4 FJNCTILNb AND1. J T C a n c i l ul4h . (can)

.T US PsGv AC., I L 17 Y ; LP t4 Al I NG ti X F E R I t NC C ; F AUu i THEd AN ALY S 1 S ; ACC I Dr-NTANAL Y L1 b; a 1i A; At4 AL Y I I C AL I tic nN 1 UVi

-._ _____

J / 00 00 001 -00 0 C0 7 // / Jc 4 AGE 20

SS I L.4 Nu. L LC u l u a <_ * a- .ALn-1400 1NLIGHl UiIL1 LU IN -a bC b b I f.G A L I.ER N A l e CO., i A IN AEN T

;tdILNbtuk(5) C e LS L/4 L U ; 41 IC ru% 4 J W ; T A YLLs MA36U Ttt a A..L 1 A La cS., AL .3U OV .n O U r , N.M. ; U.5. NUCLtaH kCLULATLWY

C L 4.7 I i L I u .t l 's / n

"m L.o L . .F - / L G ;., v / t ,a +. Iv PP 5, #F. X11.1-1 T H e< U ~1o, F4CM VLL. 5,

mLL =D1.sub t r: The A;.5 T t.P I C AL % t T 1. i G ON PA Co Ae 1 L 1 bT ICA. ...L Y L i b LF . .U CL t A rt h C A C l ar< baFETY; Nd*POHI c., E A C t-f , CALIF., MAYn-1G, 1 ' /d

IL AvalLAvlu!TY - JAvlu D. La A Lb u cJ . SAaulA LAub., Au_UGUtALUE,4..A, c]}g3

|LuuRY I1u000!T 1:U, O 10 %P CLvL ALA;.kL; AT G Y AisACI A V ALUL-lMP A LT AbadbbALN! 15 MALE U- ALTERNATE CoulAINME:4T

L uc.c C.' T b r; U h C L':4NERCIAL LILeti gatch WLACTGR PO .4 t R PLANTS..2 L V E W A L ALTttNATC Cui4 T A I . .MLN T CL.aCCPTb mat EVALVAIdu ANDC L .P Aat u LON LI E H 1'4u InElk PLIEN) IAL r- C R RCD UC 1. .G e-UEL I C RISAa: a I r e ! -< C G . .S T h O L T I L c4 C LS I . TnE ntLULTS ANs MtTHGJCLUbY CFIts WCaCIL, ba h. l Y blVvY ( 4 A brt-14 0 0 ) A n ti U SC O %b A JA515 FC4L L I E ; t.i I N 1;.V FO IC N I I AL w 1 SA sCDUCIiUNs ThAT CGULC ::L nC AL 12 ED BYAtI car 4 A T L C U : .T A 1.w.d:4I JEdiLNb. is a L 'a u T H2 atTEHNAT1VESCt..d i vE hEu , t- I L T unO A T..t ebP hen i c V Ef 4 f 1 NG AsPEAmb TO LFFtd THE

-

o r- E A T c b T PUTtedTIAL FLa R:wuCING PUtLIC kIbA t- On T nti LcASTIvPAC1. ( m att)

404Db PhonAcILIIY;wCmaiING CXPc R I s NCd ; CUNI AINMtiN T L t_ L t GN ; ;., A r- E T Yt V Atua T IvN ; A IS s; CU 4 T a lNN LN 1, PkthSupt VL.4 T IN v

/0 / 0 0 L'J O C l-O O G Ou / / // da_b L I L. . NU. t> OLO I , >ia h

.ms . , A u l L I b I I C al LA ANALYLIb LF HnD IQ A CT I V 1 i Y RSecAbd ANU t,_.

T h A N aPU;< T FALM GLLLOLIC U I S PLS ,.L GF H AD IO aCT I VC . WASTES,JW(b) uLNldZZI o ;C AR ei T A A ; b Crir.L I D L4 r1't U T h JnC 1SPhA C!, T A SL 1 b t1:4 TNT, ITALY

197 c,

LCLNF-teLbGt-P2 +. i i. PPS, PP. IA.4-1 THAU -Ic, FmLM VOL. 3,,

r %cCCu I Nbb .# Ts1E ANL TLPICAL F.Cc1ING LN P K LJ.> au l t I b T I C

A.ALYbl',hup ?U CL E au nhACIUR bAFCTY; NEAPORT :1 C A C H , cal IF . , MAYrs - 1 0 , l'

L AVAltAalLITY - A. C A e< C T T A , C U n I b b l L.5 LF T hd. EUuCPEaNCLvuuNI1ILL, J Gl .i l mtbEAMCH CLNinC, IbPRA tbIALLIbH4ENT, ITALY

vbuY 1*Uvuu;laLOvu!UN v104

.I h Y %

', A C T A.4 I a l c o.< A l c o ?.G G LL I . 4 0 SYSicM FLR CAuCUL A T IN b W AJ 10NUCLI DEnLLtALL -Nu IL5Phche T A AN S P Lk T PRLCtbSES F4oM blCLLolCULPLLifGmEb 10 man, 13 PathENILO. nCCAULE CF LA4bEUr.C C s I A 1. 4 f I L :, la InE '4 A J CR 1iPUT DATA, A P Rur: Ab IL I S T I C APORLACHHAb At:4 r:L L Lu w C C , GlvlNo T e t:. R t b u t l ,.> IN F Ln M G r' ril b rO G s AM S.T hi b TCCrw! Oui A L L O .. b ThL I DEN T i r:l C A T I Cid CF T rtL bC P A N A M'i TC W 5w eil C n CL..IRuL THt MuaCL PLbutTS AND UN wHICH MAJun tFFOWT MAYaE F LCutto. (Can)

UNOS Nor, A o I L l I Y ; t-U CL CY CLti; d I S A ; mad 10 A C f 1 V 1 TY RELCALE;F1CS1CNAUDLCT |-Ad uuHI;aASTE UltPLSAL, bEadCCA;dAbit DISPDSAL.TLNmCbiAiAL

J/ 0 0 LO GG I-00 GCu 7 7/ / u*Sb!GN NG. JLCGibacal_ CU d T u t NC r; I I cSTIMAIL GF T A A.s 5 PG a T I NG LPE id T ..U CLti A b FUCL EY

rt t 1 A ._ I rs A 1 45/R(b) vANWICs J;AAsLAN SAUTH PilsAAU, Lua- t, G Ai<n l C A IN C . , IAvlNL, CALIF.

Is/oLLur.F - 70 L ;; 0 7- r a +. lu Pe d , PP. 14 . a- 1 THmu -10 FKLM VOL. 3.e

P R O C L L- J I .G S iF T ht; A Nb T t.P 1 CAL s't C T I N G ON %UeA3ILI$IICANALYb!S uF r .v tL L As HEAclus S Ar:ETY; .1 E W O R T UEACH, CALIF., AAYv-lo, 197e

. AVAILAbit!TY - STANLdY A AP L A.4, P I C K Ar. 0 , LG=E o GAdwlCA INC.,

1/0000001-00000/7// 54 CONTINU AT ICN 1 PAGE 21

4 L /0 c u b l.st S S CCNTER DRIVE, LUIIE 12 :, , INVINr. CALIF. 92715_v Uit Y OI0000;CaOOOOf I LN u i t, *

404 Y AI%AC T SPCCIAL TRAthb HAVC bCE |4 ADVUCATCO dY THE RA!LHbAv5 AS A MEANS

t. F W E UUC I.9u IH C Ti l S A AbbLCIATEv nITH THE SHIPMENT OFf HavluaCTIVd %ATcRIALL. LUCH InAINS NOULJ HAVE bEVEhc

L i'4 1 I A I 1 u.1 b b4 SPIED, PAbSING, Cd;4011 I LNb , ANu TRAIN SI4E. THCwL SVL i llau h A IR A CUST FUR SPLCIAL T N A l .'4 S IS abbot,,k V , 3 0 0 / A V t R AG t SH I PMEN I . T Hi._ uULSTIGN TU bE ANbabwcD IS. "15Tntb Mu tri AELUCTION IN RISA VtN le IT COULU 65 ACHIEVCJ bYsPCCIAL f A A I Nb , wCRIM fMC 4,40,000 ped SHIPMENT"? APLUSAdILIbTIC HIbA ANALYblb Ib Pt H E Ln 'd bC . ( C .e H )

i 4tm ab PHLSAbILITY;rOCL LYCLE;CubT aLNEF I T ; IR ANbduR T A T10N AND HANDL IN G;FVLL, t.UCLC A R; I NDUS T NY , ik AN SPORT A TIUN ;M I SN

/0/0000001-00ULv(/// 55ESSION No. uGLCIb3.230LC b tM t ASPtCTb OF THd HISKS ASSUCIAIED WITH A M I ACO OxlOE FUCL

PhaDUCTIuN P LA N THuk(b) CAJJv0LtS b ; L JI A4.' l r~iCAktTTA A i nd C CO Pr-VIH AtlP ..ULLCAnt, NILA.O. 11ALY ; JRC 1%R A Cb f AcL I SHME 4T. ITALYt 19/oE LU L L:.r - / c o a0 /-P3 +. 12 PP S, PP. 1A.2-1 T nk u - 12 . FRUM VLL. 3.

PkuCCLDI.4Gb LF rMt Ai t b TOPICAL NdCTING ON PwuoAbIL1STICANALYbib CF u) CL C A R AdACICR LAFETY; .4E *PGn r tE ACH , CALIF., M AYb-10, 19/6

IL avnluAbIL1IY - u10IA CANLULFu, AG1P NUCLEARE, C.P. Ic29,1 -4 0 L cc :d I L A N) , 1TALY

; BURY l3OOuOTlUN V in4 Th Y AI4ACT THC 41 bas AbtOCIATdD =IIN A AlxEd OAl ;E FUEL FAakICATIUN PLANT

AnE k t V I t .v t u . THL SIUOY FLCubEb UN a UCTAILbC PxObAoILISTICA ?.A L Y b l S LF tj4C LF THt vt AJO H CU t.CL I VA OLE INTchNAL ACCIDENTS;Flxd I.. A MGT CLLL. TitC P Hur$ Au l t 1 S I I C MCTHODOLOGY USCO CALL 5F GN A v b VELOPAr_N T UF THC ACCIDENT tVENT TREE *ITH THE RELATEDA.JA LY L I L UF TH E I N T C h VEr41:46 LYbTCM FsULT-THEtL; MOxEOVER, ALPcCIWUN LF POLbicLL FIdt MAUNITUvES 16 ASSUMED ANJ FGR EACHF lwC CVC:4T TIE PU-NCLEAbt AT THc STACA IS CVALUATEU oY ANuvlGInAL C U.d V T E k '4 L D ti L . (C4H)

<uNvS Po t.o sb I L I T Y ; FU LL CY LLt ; R I S K 3 :41XCD LA 1 DC;PRODUC T i d:4; FUEL.NLLudAn ;F Ach IC af IG 4;F AUL T TkCt ANALYLIS; ANALYTICAL MOuck

'U/ O O GO O O I -00 0 00 s 7// 503616;4 a.U . O UuS 1 d3c |9.L v C vi_L LP XLN T (f M 10.<. A55tbSMENr MCIMUDLLLGY APPLICA2LC TV

-AsIDACTIVE AAbTt ISuLAT1GNa.R(b) CA.nP ,LLL Jt;aChaATH PL;CULLINbFORD MC'AUTH LANDIA LADS., nLouuudRGUC, N.A. ; U.L. NUCLEAR REGULATORY

CLAMibSILN1976LC GaF - / S o a u t -Pa t. lo PP L, PP. IX.1-1 T HH U -16. FROM VOL. 3.P h C CCd D I ;.6 E tf ThC ANL FOP I CAL /tE T Irau ON PNG6A61LISTICAr.ALYbib LF NU CLL AR REACIOR LAFCIY; NEnPOR T BEACH, CALIF., MAY6-10, 197E

L AVAILAcILITY - P.t. ACGAATM, SANulA LAbb., ALuUGUENCUE, N.M.uuRY 140000; icOQuOIUN U104

CLCE aba;NnCT4 Y A4xCT istC Gib< FnUM LADIGACTIVE WAbTC OlbPOSAL IN A DEtP GtOLUGIC

FewdAIILN HAL i .u T YCT b d t- N CLMPLETCLY ASSCSSED. A CL'APLETCA bb d b S M d.s r Stouuo INCLove Ch CD IBL E CSTIMATCS CF TML LI M L I HOODT hA I hA vIG AC iI W .V A I t h I A LS vsCULo E LC APE TnC WEPubIIGRY ANDCNICN Iht HU 4A N ENV 1 nLN M t-N T , ANJ TME MAGd1TUDE CF THE hESU LT AN TCi/4bc GU L' Cd b L '1 ThRMb CF HUMAN HtALTH CFFCCTb. IN A UD I T IO N,S LCi s AN A SL L La < h T bhUULO I DtiN T I F Y TetC DUMINANT CON TR I D U TOHS TOm lb A ANu, 10 THE LAThNT PO S S l e L C , GUANTIFY T hC UNCERTAINTIES,! ?, h!LA C L T l ?'A T C S . (EdH)

;h 05 Phuc A U 1 L i T Y ; rV LL CY CL E ; .7 l b A ; AN AL Y T I CA L TECHN IGUC ; u AbTE%NAscMC.T&aAbTE D I brOb A L; CC NT A I Nu tN | I bOL AT ION

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _________

/0000001-000C077// 57 PAGE 22

S S 10.1 NO. O G C O 1 L a d ._ c.C t b 41 % T lid. LF :.uCLcAn PU ..L a PtsNT AlmCHAFT H A Z Ae4 D bKJW(S) LCTTLItb c'

sAUTH u A.v.h S t, .iUUR . Lua A.CLLLL. L A L I r# ..: I -(/ o

t LN C u . f- - 7 t G L O / - e;, +. PPS. iP. VIi1.c-1 THRU -e. FROM VLw. 3.,

P -L LC C J I :.GL t r- T rit ANb TLPILAL MLE II NG UN Px Lc Au lL I ST I CAN-Lyb!S OF . U CL t A H nLACTUR bAFETY; NL* Punt oEACH, CALIF., M AY. -I O . I ', /c

iu AVAILAulu1TY - PCTZn GUIILIEb. LnMLb L .%O O f<t . 1100 OLENDONt

ab . . LUS A N ui td L . C AL I r . 900c4tb o e< Y 0,_LOGGT I O'l G B U*w LGud 3l LLNTnY AthAtI Ted blANvAhD ehutCJusts FCR CLT19ATING A 1 RCN AF T HILA TO NUCLEAR

r o 4 E rs PLANTL Pau v lD L A C us :.E .< v A T I VE E S TIM A TE. .dHICH IS ALECUATEF Gr< MOLI $1TLh. Whitti Amt NLT CLubc TU A I H PLRT S OR HE A V I LYTFAVCLcb AIR CoHRIDohs. IN .i A r. Y I Nbl A;.C:ib THL VtHY LAWGELLAMbMC1-L A li< CH x F T CA. . tt S r-G n N Tu HAVE A:4 ACCtraTAULY SMALL1 + AC I F n t uu L.4 CY , WHILE InC VEhY SMALL GENCh' AL AVIATIONA Ih C n At- T 4ILu .01 PRLuuCL SUFFICItaILY LEhIUuS IMPACT TO I MP A l RTtt EnFCIY -< L AT t a 1- UNC T AL N b . TM1L r* APb 4 EXAMidE5 THE INuLlaCLN A l n C -A F T : ek1MAnlLY T a l . c:4L int . USCD Fud uUSINESS.sLLASUWc, AN , AIR T A a! LPERATIONS. (tun)

UnuL AUu Ac I L I T Y ; s-N AL Y T I L AL T LCHN IGUt ; A IWCM AF T ;ki S A ; ACC IDEN T ANALYSIS

/u/ C 0 00 001 -00 0 0077 // se:Sb iba NG . O C C o l b o u. /Lu Pwbu AL I L I :, T I L CV,.LUATION OF wlb4d abbOCIAftD * I Ttt AVIATION,

" u AU . n A B Ld A Y, ANv WIvLR T R A Fr; I C A UJA CEN T TU NUCL L AR PLaERI'LAN T d Ia. FM .CE

iG F. ( L ) e'<L Co CC in H ; cUcC hT TJAU IH EthCI,1ClTE Ji FhANCE- 15/o- L> C LN F - / c C bo 7 e-a +. Iu eP b, PP. VII1./-1 THRU -li. FRLM VUL. 3,

snLCriED 1: 6.5 ts: TMC A r,S T LP I C A L t tr. t T I N G UN ew bc Ac5 I L I $ I I C

A.4mLYLis UF . A> CL E A R r* E A C 1 L n L A f- C T Y ; NEaPORT LE ,. C H . CALIF., M AYc-lo. 197G

IL A %A ILAa lLI T Y - ntaRI PHO LACC I A , cLECTdlCITC Ut FRANCE. 4ti b C A R C Hv ULVELIAMENI I t: F ICr . 25, ALLtt P R I Vt E-C AM Rh t- UUH plt Y E L . 93206s A I .4 T mit.,15 LcREA. F r At4CL

Gu rs Y JcVOQO;CJGOOOI!Lh L104

LUDt c L t-'

.1.< v AAACT tLCCTmlCITC d FnA1CC HAL DCVELCPED A McTHUGGLLGY TO CALCULATE

T Fc PO TEAT I A L 1:w AC T OF nl5AS TO A WU CLE M R H O * E is PLANT.,Lc L E L U E i T To AN SCC IDEA T DCCUHNING UN TRANSPUF2TATION NET # GRAS1: 1HC v1C I N 13 Y LF A NUCLEAW LITE. alSAS EaTAILED 17 A V I A T I CN ,4

,4 No 14 h t. A U . WAIL, A:40 HlvCk TRAFFIC HAVE uEEN tbTIMATED. T HI S4 t: I nuva .Lt b y nA L cLEN A PP L i ti0 TO ALL 61TEb PLANNED IN FRANCE.(LwH)

GhES eruo At ! LI TY ; A1 AL YTI C/L T LChN L UUE ; F A AN Ct.;H I SA ; 51 T ING ; A l kC A A FT ;ACCIJEN1 A.4 A LY b l b

L/Ou00001-000cu7/// 39LalG:4 NG. G L C u l b .f c_ oE FvmNAuL Al a5 ILc d1MULATILN And mi$s ANALYS1SCh(L) 1.*ILJALm L A ; (.n e J ; o U: .N utAUTm C Ab bt I r. A . 'C a r.R o L luh r CC. , nALLIuh, N.C. ; N.C. STATE UNIV..

i< A L E i G H1W6LLL.sF - / e 0 5 0 / w3 +. Ia HPL. Pe. VI11.o-1 TM8U -1b, FMGM VCL. 3,P 8LL E t J li.G L U Tr1t; ANL ILPICAL .V E IIc 6 ON PHOCAblLIbTICA t.nL 'r L I L LF ' A.) CL t A H HEALIGN S Ar- E l Y ; Nc APOR T 3EACH. CAL 1F.. 4AY..-lU, Iw?e

- AValLAulL1TY - L.a. 1 v ! L UA LE , CanLLINA POWER t, LIGHT, P.L. SOX1 51. hAttILn, w.C. E/bb2

;Lk Y lrOOOO;Ob0000Its* J 10 4

_

7 /00 00 001-00 C 00 7 /// Sv COreT I N U A T I Ott ! PAGE 23

CL DE APY ;. ALU.T 4 Y AiSACI 4alH tu.11 CAL 1LDELS Lt- Trt CcNTWIuuTING E Veid I S TO THt TUANADG

..lbblLE HALAnJ AI /J U LLC A r. rN d L H -LatiT b HAVE L' t E . . JEVhLUPhD INa rti Cm Its .n A sJ h SLUhCCS L .r- U t.L r. R T A l t41 Y tt A V t nCC;4 CON b l DC EE U INA PhuLAtiLILilt t,.Am NOAN. THEbE FOuCLL MAVE oEtN S Ih UC TJ kE D1 ?.Tv A :.c U U t N T I A L t V c.N T Fled.nL1bM wHICH PE rc4 i i 5 THE IRCAIMENTLF d L I ti L I N G u.; A.40 V UL T 1 e4_C 41bblLL GENERAT164 c.v C N T S . Abl.iULAIIt 4 C o.M e U I C R LUDL U 'l I L l 41. . o TrtE 5t MUOcLb HAS aCENu Vc LL P .- U TU uuTAIN E S T I t..A l t b LF T ur04 AJO M13b1Le t v Ct. TL I rW L i nL LLb . I w u C ALE LIUultb NAVE a t EN ANALY26D. LEah)

[auxLL - ALa no I L 1 T Y ; ,,4 AL Y T I Lau TcCNNIGUE;. MISSILE GCNEkAT1UN ANUeLItLiIt.4;LLb1RUCTIVt w INU ; di Muta f I LN ;R IS % ; AN ALY f I CAL MOJEL

/ U / G U u G O G 1 -Q G O U U 'l / / / OUL LL I O., No. v t Cu t b O. ~ 2LE ThL ULL Lt- uoA NT I I A T 1 VE 41 L4 nNJ PNUaAbILIST1C bat-CTY CRITEnIA

IN T r:C Co.4 cup f UA L U t e,1 Gi4 L t- A LAr40C PLGL-TYPE L'1Fdht rC h ( b ) HAiIUNG J A ; L A. J Le h hTPAUTn AloMICh* I . J1 R i.A T I ON nL , LxNOGA P a r< rs , CALIF.u 14/cE L

-

L L L. .r ~7 c u .s o 7-Pd +. Io PP L. PP. VI1.4-1 THNU -10, FhUM VUL. 2,e- As t . L U l .G b Le T nt ANb TLPICAL VCE TI.46 QN PMOJAblLISIICn.ALYblu LF .NU LL L A .< 4EACIGH dAFtTY; NtaPORI GEAch, LALIF., MAY-lu. 19/ou

it AvalLAclLITY - RLcEnT T. L At4LE T . ATUMICS INTERNATlUNAL,nLLA4 ELL l t. T d4 Na f l GN AL CLHP., ov00 LE bOTO AVE., CANGba PARA,C nL l r; . 41304

EU' 6n Y C10000;icCOGG1 i L 'l O10

CoDL C staTRY ,s

,rn A L T M t:THOULLLLY IS buMNANIZEU 4HICH vet lNES A SET LF PLANTcuaL 1 I I Liab (r:A M U GN PduLAalL1TY OF LCCUhRENCE) A:JuL Ln N E bPt; WJ 1.a u bxFtTY CR1ICRIA. IHh n4AJOR DIrFERtNCE dETwEENi MI b fik T r iLU L Lb b Y AND A Id le< E LLNVENIIUNAL (DbA) b A FE IY A P PR O A Ct-iib ThC Avu t T IU N UF i hC PLANT LorduliION CA TEGGR Y r: 0R RESIDUALh lSA LvtaTS. THESE -kC GC t- I t.t v A b CVENTb aHICH awe LESS L I6CL Yfu LCCLh T h A i. uti A ' S sVT *HICM MAVC PO TEN T I AL CUNSEGUENCEb HIGNE.ib uu H IU MLntf EXPLICII CUNsl Ltk A T I GN CN A h E S 1.; U A w kiSKaAblS. LNLY C L,R t U l d r4 U P i l V E ACCidtNI RELATEU Z VEN IS HAVE SEEN1:4L L L.J UC U IN It t lS CATEGORY TO DATh. (LNM)

skUb P nu b AL i LI T Y ; L:f SI GN CN1TCnlA;wISK;5AFETY A N-L Y b i b ; U t b l Ga STUDY;. CA C f un . LMt i 2< ; A E AC T UK , i-d G L THet

L/GuGOG01-0000077// 61gbluN mO. uvCGloooci- %las ALLLLATluN APPh u Alt s TO ntACTUA dAFEIY DEdlCa AND

V A L U A I 1 u raaun(S) LLACr s U ; T Et. .<ci IIUtheY SLP AJ rH GOCNAL CLELIh!C CU., Sur 4YV ALE . CALIF.

I S i t.:LCLt.F - /c bau /-P2 +. l' PPL, PP. Vil.3-1 T M r4 U -Ic, FnOM VOL. 2,shLCZEDINCb . st THC ANS IUPILAL #s ET ING UN PACDABILISTICA.v AL Y b I L Ot ,U CL E A r< HEAC10h barely; ataPOR 7 OEALM, CALIF., MAYc-lO. 197c

L AVAILnLILi fY - M a n .< I. TtMME , GtNChAu ELtCTxlC CO., PASTe % s _ L J ti N h r- A C l u , L E P T . 3 1 v CE GuluNt O ri l V t , bdNNYVALE, CALIF.Hveo

m i. . ,- V v10uJu;ItC600;lGN o 10 4

LLUE LEC;T , Y A

FACT s C L L R i b t- 6 h l b4 AL LLL A T I L.N ibCHNILUE UaE D :GR SETEWININGm

:4 L L L.- A h -Lui n PL A. 4 T u C S i ciJ NCLIAnILITY kELulAC>ttNTS. TnEC L.4 CJP 1 v f- - 15s Au ULATIbu - U P T I Must CHOICE LF $nFCTY FUNC T ! ON

{ . C L I A t i L 1 I I E '. JJula A M A AI .%U M <<lLA CLN STr< A IN I IS LCSch1EED.-

AN tXAMPLE LF nib 4 nLLOCallGN 16 P r<E d E N T E D TO OEMUNSTRATE THEA erPL 1 t A T I G N ct: THE METHLOCLUGY. (t4H)

gRUS P htb An I L I T Y ; M S I UN C R I T E H I A ; R I SN ; b At-E T Y tVALVA1IGN; DESIGN STUDY;FG#td PLANT, i J UC t e A s

!1

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

3/OvCOGO1-0GGLU7/// O2 PAGE 26

LLIGN NO. 00C01aaOC1.E f riL rLLE LF bILA CR1ILR1A IN NUCLEAR PLANT DcCISIUNS1.m ( S } ICMVJ 9 I . .e CU LN nL L A

dAU1H oc_..L M L hL;u ln lC CU., LU;uYVaLC, Cr*LIF.c

l '/ / c

t. L.nu C U. .F - / c. od u 7- u +. I2 ppb, PP. VII.1-1 THRU -12, F4UM Vol. 2,

e T,0 C E C L 1 40 5 Li: THE Ata t TOPICAL MEtTINO CN PkC6AEILISTICA. .,, L Y L i L LF # U CL C AN ntAClGN baFcTY; NCuPORT J E A LH , CALIF., MAYn-lu, 19 /e

stL nvaltau1LITY - 'd . 1 . l eA M L , Uti N trk A L LLcCINIC CU., FAdi SREEDtRsnLTLn sLP T , alu un LUILJE DH., P.L. bO A b b ._ C , LUNNYVALE,CAtlF. voueo

{T_GLhY O10000i r i L:4 v1L4>P LUJL Uttife i M Y A>TAACT m L ou i .,r. vCN TS F OR I H L. UE T Cn MIN AT IUN OF kiss ACCdeTaNCE C R ITE R I A

n%E Dhn1VLD F i lI4 Rtvib4S OF PAST CFFudTS RELATED TV THEIHvL/ELOP>rNT Mu Fh0M LUCIAL UCCISILN T HE O H Y . IT la UbSEW EDfHAI %i i t._ 'A P I L TU U.7 J EC I ! Vt L Y v Z l b r4 ?i l N d A DEf-INITIVE SET LF-atA 1 i *L h i L r. ACCLPI-NCt Ch1Iih!A CAJNUT bUCCLCD bCCnUSE THERElb . -10 U nsC L T IV C P4LCcOURt r- L x AGuRtuATINu IHL VALUEb ANUPhLf r e LNCE% >: 1..v ! v isu a LS INTV AN EAPhCSSIGN T r1 A T CaN ndA LlO " L UC 1 d Y ' 5 P k LF E H Lc.CC b" . InC AUTHORS SUubc5T THATC r-P U d I b 3C FLCubCs LN LCICRMINInb "MA X I MUM A154 ChITEhIAd( .s I I . L U T Int CLNNOTA1 ION UF .,0 C I E I AL ACCE P T ANCC ) . SGMET r -U u G 11 T S LN TH d P4uPth HLLC GF SUCN CPITERIA aRE tXPRESSED, AND ,

Itt ALTHUD u r- .<.U L T I a T T R I ::VTc U T IL I TY T heiU R Y e- U R THeIks r- T L..n I n A T I L 4 IL sdLLRISCU. (C4H)

v b a .> b PeUuAts1LIIy; i 51L.4 Ch ! T En 1 A ; R I br(; bCCI U/PH I LOSOPHI C ALut s 4 61 ad he, i 1 u ..

/0/0000001-000007/// o ,.:

.; w S IU i. f .O . a LC u l b a u o'sLC nILA A L Lt L SM L.'4 T 4E TetLD b AP PL I C A T I O N TU THt FAST FLUX TEST

t-ALl 1IYLR(L) FLLLdk A

sAUTH vehERAL LLht l a lC LO., bU:.N YV ALC , LALIF.197cL

A LLar-7 ecog 7-b2 +. 12 PPS, PP. V.*-1 THRU -12. FRuM VUL. 2,

PhuCEbv I wL LP THE A r:0 TLPICAL Mt C T I .N G ON PNUcA61LISTICANALYLIL LH U CL h a.< .<E A C ILR dAFETY; .4 t W P C H T t.;d A LM , CALIP., M AY6-10, 1 % /u

IL A '. n l L A o l L 1 'I Y - <lA r; cL L E R , OtNCHAL ELCCTRIC CO., .,1 0 OtGulGNEJ rs I V L , 9)NNY VA Ld , CALIF. v'+ O 6 0

Eva,Y IcC000;O10GOGfiGN v10- LLGt GLCJIRY AM*ACT len TCCn41 CAL Aw P u c CH AND R!iSULib G r- A AISA AaStSSVLNT dTUDY

a Ad r u ui; T Ht.i r:AST flu ^ TEST t- A C I L I T Y nC F C R EN Cri Oc b !GN AREL u x.M . e ! Z E U . Tnd bTLvY 4AL Cut.U UC l tO AS PART GF A24 ONbd!NGCFFGHI IL vC Vl LO P A IECHNOLLuY CASE FOR uREEvER REACTCH R I LKnbbtSLwhNI. T fI WIMARY STUUY UdJiCTIVC 4Ab METHOobJLutLLPMEN T . UUE TO TME LIMITED S COPti AND LACA GF EXPERTr* AR T I C I P A T i u . 4 FR OM i1ANY IMPGH T ANT TECHNGLOGY ARLAL, THE RESULTSAAt NLT I N Tt t.> to TU REPREbbNT THE NISK RE SUL T I N G FROM F r; T FO Fb n A l I L'J . ( d e r1 )

OHvS AQc Aa 1 Li1 Y ; FF IF (Th); SAFETY ANALYS IS ;W IS < ;9 E ACT Ch , ahCELER;J h b l G c4 STUDY

u/ 00 00 001 voo uo 7 7/ / n*s510N i4L . vbColuou41: uun T A 1. 4.vE N T i S1 UN LP I I Ui.S Fod ThL HTUH: AN APPLICAT107. OF

PnLLALILibTit RI LA AiSCbtAENIOh(b) u ARS rill A,v i U kV 1 b DJ**U Its VUAL4AL n t OM IC CO., JAN DIEbb, CALIF.

19/ULsLNF-7cGbo7-F1 +. 12 PPL, PP. v.7-1 T t* U -12. F40M VOL. 1,PAUCC._D icaGb tF T he AN5 T LP ice 4L YEETING ON P4UaAcI LI S TI CmNALYLib LF 4) CL E AM .ibACIOh bAFtTY; NC*PURT UEACM, CALIF., VAY

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

J / O C 00 0G I -0 0 0 6u 7 7 / / 6* CONTINUATION I PAGE 2S

E-10, 1970L svalLAulLITY - An i ttuk #. bARbtLL, til uR S A F E T.Y uMANCH, GENEsAL

A TU A I C LL., P. d. uGA Licub, ,mN .s 1 CGO , CALIF. 91:1 56wG k Y I10000;O10000i ! L.4 Ctu*e CvDC Les

F. ' 4 Y A,fwAct ,. N cvALUTICN OF TAU AL TE RNn T IVES TO CLNVENTILNAL bTECL-LINED

CLaSts CLN T A l.4 ftiN I Ha5 u t- L N PtnFLwALJ FOR A a000 Mw(T) MIGMT car t h A T urid u ;, CLUL 0 RtACILR inkUUbH APPLICAT!dt4 G r:Ph t o A h ! L l '. I 14 .s i L s ASLEst.McNr. InC bVALUAI1UN Ib CASED CNALAPiAIloN LF aN LATtNbl%,E PWA PekFGdMCD FCR CONVENT (CNALCC.wiAINvCaT Wu D la btL it Vt D IL UE INulCATIVE OF mHAT MAY 6EA C h i h V tte. ( O tt)

'aJhab e'huo Ao I L 1 T Y ; LJ c.T A I N:4tN T uCSIvN;sEACTUR, HT CH ; h I v. ; S AF E T YZ VALJ A I l u.i; J CS IGi4 6 I LLY ; LCO.4LM ! C L TUL Y

/ U/ 0 0 00 0 01 -OU O v0 / 7/ / o5L5SIUN au. UOLvibaO*OL._ PL"LIL All!Tuats IN HELATIUN TO Int RISAb PAESC.4Teu bY NEa

TCLH.9utO LIE;.,Hu rs ( s ) C AC L ; huL AE L ad;HUL RE PJidauTH d'il V . u t- C AL IF . , LuS aNGCLEL ; POLLUTIGN PAtVCN11GN LTD.,| ' ULLt X , u.N.,

L 19/db LG i.L; .F -7 3 0 a O 7- e l +. 14 PPL, PP. IV.e-1 THxu -12, FkCM VOL. 1.

P auC C ho 1. 4Gb L 4- T nt ,. N b tup 1 CAL McETING LN P403AdlulSTICANALYbib iF ( AJ u_ L A < WCACTUM d AF E I Y ; Nthe 0 A T oEACH, LALIF., MAY2

3-10, 14/oIL AVA lu AL IL ITY -i. CnVC, LCMOLL OF 'Nb1N2tWING ANU APPLIEDc

5C lt AC , Uli I % . UI CALIF.. lob Al m E L E :.a , CALIF.EGLRY v1G000IIUN o Iv *s CuuE UAV.rRY a

lunCT LTUDItb UN SLCICIAL A T T I TUDt b DURING THE NINcTCbNTH CENTUPY TOn l5Nb I s. f hu u tC 2O JY NEu TECHi.CLU o I E b INslCATE TnAT THE PRESENTL aY ME LUC T A N d UN THE P A.41 01- bou1ETY TG ACCEPT A LEVEL OFn I b e, , mHith U1 A .4A T lON A L bAbIb APPEANS TO Ut INbIGNIF1 CANT, INt,heER TL tiAV E TrtE de t.c F I I b GF A sat a TECHNGLUGY AI A nEASONAdLECubi, A AY NUI ed A

D A T,' t t N O ME NCN ..4L a r C ONDI T IONS ARE POSTULATED

IN nMICH rilbTOH1CAu , UN PubL1C AI TI TUDEb TO RISK ARE VALID,ANu TMb APPL IC A T I O'4 LF I nl S APPROACH 15 ILLUSTRATEa =Y A STUDYuF LuCIblAL Al11IUJEL IN THE NINCTtENTH CENTURY TC THE RISASPr.E d C: T LD bY T tt_ NEn TE C Ft40 lug Y uF RAILdAY ThAVCL IN THE UNI TEDA Ic4 Gat.M . ( c ,H )

vuhDC emuc Ab I L I TY ; TC ChNOLU6Y ; w ISA ; nCNEi Il VS n i SK ; UN I T to A I c4 GDOM iL LC I V/ P M I lob tP e t! C A._ CONb IULW4 I IGN

U / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 00 7 7 / / boSbluN NL. OCLolt. Ga7

. I r .L NbtL' rUR GatAIdx INILN-AVENCY LOU PE*< A T IU N, AND CCNTkULLINGs 15 A S sbSUCIATdo 41 T tt N u.*.-N UC L E A R LYb1 EMS

Ch(b) C L I F .- C h D PN'AUTH ItC v' l T h d CObP., ACuCnN, /A.

I976L

6. L.' .F - 7 6 0 3 0 7 e- 1 +. I1 uP b, HP. A1.*-I TH9U -11, FROM VOL. 1,c%U CC E R I ; .U S Lt: Tnc ANS TLPICAL VC E l l ,4 G GN PNuoAb1LISTICA a. A L Y S 15 uF . .U LL E A R WL A C l u f< SAFtTY; NEmPURT te t A C H , CALIF., A AYo-1 J , 197o

L AVAILAuILITY - P AOL h. CLIFFLhD, TnE MITRE CUhP., 162O DCLLEY'AAU1Sou :L V D . , M Cwd A N , Va. c.d1L1

A RY U10VVQl U'4 a10*CGOC 4. L a,

TH Y n

4ACT NtSdaIL A., LVthVIde LF h1SKL AbbCCI A TEJ n1IM ALL NUS-NUCLtAR..NCRGY LYSTEmh AND i t tu a tE D FLR IN161-AGdNCY CUUPE7ATION.al A I G TNAT trtC 4E IS A N ;_E U F0x INLkEAbtD CUOPEe< A T ION AMONG THEr-COL 4 A L xGCNLIES IN THL NON-isULL C A H LNERGY FICLD TO ENSUNC T Fti:,ap t T Y OF .a u hA C W b ANU fitL FUoLIC. P,ECEJENTb FUA li4 F E R-AGENCYCLUPE du l lGN i,N C EE I.Jo ESTA6LibMCO IN ThE FIELD OF CD,Ti<OL CF

_ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

:;/0000001-00000//// co CONT I MU A T IUN 1 PAGC 26

TCAlt b u t L l A t .C t S . T HE SC P r<C C E uc. . T b SnOULO u t. FGLLUwCD INHELULAII.L I4t,4 4GL CAh EtO GY SYSICML. ( E .s h )

M 4 05 PhLu m ! L I T Y ; u! LA ;oO4LF i r V b is l b4 ; d t dr< GY b OUR CE ; T C CH NL LOG Y ;it A IC 1 T v ;CLM ra hl dLN ; ACC 1 Ldt.T

./0/0000001-00000//// 074 L b 10 '. .4 C . v0CO1b3OJb)Lt Puut!L RLM PIILN FUd ! .U C LE. A d CNtNbY7t14 W ( b ) L AVt LMAUIn C A4 N h v i t - < d L LU N UtIV., PITThouwbri, PA.JL 19/6PE L*. C C L .F-7e bbo 7 -e l +. o lePL , rP. A!.3-1 TMNU -o. r:H U M /CL. 1.

P"act:D 1..CS LF T t tC ANS TLPICAL MCETING UN P*i Ub Aa I L 131 1 CAimL Y d I L LF .NU LL d A R NLACIOh daFCTY; NchPusT cLALN, CAL 1W.. MAYn-lu, 1ssib,

l_ t- V A I L A u l L I T Y - LCbTLR LAvt, OblA, CAW:4dGIEMLLLUN UNIV.,g

e IT TStukGrt. IA. 15213EubdY O10000f 112. e O l u '+

L4T R Y A,fRACT I r ._ FULLoalNL IUPICS ARE oILCUShtu; WhY art NUCLEAR REACTLRS

U.vCh lTALAi, NukMAf!VC ThtLRIES OF UtCISIUN-MAh!NG, ANLnEMAVILn LU; J d h.4 I t.G m1 LAY L 1 TV A II U%.

a u fs D S P~usaalL1IY;: E :.E t 1T VL ala ;dIds;bLLIL/PMILO5UPNICALL ta b l D t_ x A I I U ? .; .4-e'U W C R F u HCL A S T ; !!4U Uh l kY , PRucLEM/PmOPObAL

/ 0 / 0 0 00 001 -00 0 u0 7 // / obEsbIUN NU. vvCviSLOLbLC f r-L SLCIL-ECuiGMIC ASPEC TS OF disA-CLNEFIT JLCILIUN MANINGi tu d ( s ) ahlePLC CPAUTH t Lt LT R l t r U t. Lk HLbCAkCH ANST., PALO ALTO, CALi t .

19/o-

F LU Ca.F-76vnO7-P1 +. 4 ppb, rP. XI.4-1 Thwu -4, FAOM VuL. 1.e

PhtuCLLINGE (. r: THE ANE TLPICAL MdETI40 C:4 PRooAeILibTICal.ALY L I L LF i AJ Ci_ t A R nE AC 3 Gr< baFEIY; N d aPU R T utACH, CALIF.. MAYc -10 , 19/b

IL A V A I L A rs l L I l Y - Chhlt a r-I l W L L , ELL C TR I C POWbR R t bC wCc1 INbT.,a *41 i H I L L V 1.1 AV t . , eALO ALTu, CALIF. 94JO4

:GOhY O10000T10N Olua

CLUC CW'

.14 Y a

ihC T T r e. L t AreLICnrIUNS FLR CLIIMATEb UF RIdAd AML: 1) OtCIDING.. ht- N C IL SPtid MLNEY TU LUY A L11TLE MOHL SAFETY AND whERE ITIL COLT LF F E LT IVE ; c) C r1Lu b ! NG 6CTAEEN T E C HN I C A L ALT ERN AT I VE S;Ld, a) UtLI U U40 .e n l C H T E CHr4G LO G i t S TU HAVE A ; .D wHICH TO NCTri A VE . (CAH)

4WDb MCAbukt.* TNT;W CsAolLITY;w!64;uCNEF1T VS 4lbK;ACIJ/Ph!LLbsr>HICAL CONS IDLH AT IUN

~0/G000001-000L07/// 69b b l u.$ NO. LLCOlbabanE w.r c T Y IN stS il GA llGN UF a M A J u r< PtTWOCHEMICAL CUMPLtX

-

JR(b) rAi-Mt; F9-

-auTN ut1TEU N I NGUG4 ATOMIC ENERGY AUINGHITY, WAHHINGTut,l 's 7 bLCLM--? b Gb O 7-P1 +. 13 PP b. PP. x!.1-1 THWU -15, FsOM VCL. 1,WLC tit u l NGS LF TMt *Nb TLPIC-L %CTlaG G:4 Proc Acl LI S T I CA.4A L Y L 1 b L t; U CL c A R REACIGN aAFETY; NLwPUR T cEACrt, L aL I F . . MAY': - l O , 19 /t-

L AVAILAcILITY - ir . n . r An M tk . UNITtL N I N bdO M ATOMIC ENERGYA u f M C r< I T Y , WIGLnAa L Ar.L . CULCHETH .e A h a l N G T CN WA3 *NE. ENGLAND

LOWY iv00Gu

1L 4 U 10 .C u b ri UAa

IWY A4ACT JISCULLES Trik U.41TEs AINWUM'S E X Ptr< l CNCE S , URLANIZATIONS, AND

SIUsICS CLNCtANING TME R ISA 10 Tr,E PO PULA T I ON FCh VARlOUSALYAChub aSba4ZATLD a1TH AN INbubiR1ALIZEv NaTIUN. THCSE ANEPLACEv 1. . CO. e2AWATIVt PErhvECTIVE A 4a mE!GMCD AbAINSTe m _ V A I L 1r.G Ch!TEh1A. (C=H)

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ - __ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _

O / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 C 0 c 0 / 7 / / 6 'd CU'4 T INUA T ION I PAGC 27

UWUS P h t.m A t; L L I T Y ; S A P C I Y L V ALU AT 10..; hh v ICa ; R I S A i bt NE F I T VS kid 4;L ! I 1. 4 L , CntMICAL P a b C C b '., PLANI

/G/00GO001-00GLO/7// /Gu b b l b.. t4U . u Oh L 1 L I L's aLC 4 1 ;,A AnALYbl5 .E It LD, Ut VELOP%tN I , CluMIM GUARTtNLY r<EPORT

stiudth utCL men 197eWAUTH be f.E 4 A L CLt C Id IC Co.. SU.NYVALL, CALIF. ,

FE 1979#C GAU us_F G-1 % GJ-c +. .; d PPS, 3 H E l '.i . JAN. 19t9SIL A VA IL Ab lL11 Y - L I M I I A T 10 % LN UitTRlaufluN; SENO dtuUEbTd TOj ult TLCHNICAL I N F u r< M A T I U r4 CENTEN, P.U. dLx ce, OAA RivGE,

| i b ?.N . i/c :, C

7EUG A Y U16G00;0900uO311UN 0100P LLut U t- C

P4TwY A,thACT PhuCRAM eL ANI.I NG FON f- I S CA L YE AR 1979 WAS C0VPLETEU. MAJOR

ACT I /1 T ICS a IL L INCLUDE: (1) COAPLCi(ON OF 1nt loa-2 TGP PILCTLluuY; (4) CL4PLtT!Ua CF A.4 LCA-2 STUUY OF THE LUPI LELUENCE,INLLUviNG LCiELUPMLNT LF iHC SIAiIbIICAL SUCCLbb MLDEL ANDdiAllbTICAL ~N AL Y b i b LF tAldilNG aND PHOPOSCO ICbf kCSULTS ; (3)I b50 Af 4Ct LF Int PWO( aukAL ANNUAL FLA 3RCEUCR 4eACTGW HISKA bb C SS MLt 4 I ; 'N u (4) CONTINvCJ LE V CL-LF-tF F U R T SvPPOxT UF LCAJ L H s I . ,6 t nOU h5 . l F Ati )

ouhub n1SA;ANALYTIuL I CCH N i uu h ; RE A C T Oi< , LAFed;R ANL D PhCbRAM;ehueAu!L1TY; e ALYIILAL MUDEL

/ u/ 00 00 0 01 -00 0 00 7 7/ / 7IEs Slura NC. 00JOISO61bLL LN TriE ULC U t; A tAYEblAN REALONING IN SAF E TY AND RELIAblLITY

UcC1b1UNL - lHNEC EAAMPLtChtJh ( b ) A APL A N b;GakhlCA dJPAufH P ICA ARD , L O .* L f., baksiCA INL., IRVlab. CALIF.L 19/9E CU 14 eY b e 6 T A LS , l a f- I CS , d REFS. NUCLEAR TECHNULOGY, 44(2)e PP.

221-45 (JULY 19/9)hbtRY ucouuu;01000vTiGN vo9c,T WY A~, b N UA IIN A CT U AY E b ' THEORJA 15 UCha TC QUANTIFY THE IMPACT CF "NE4 EVIDENCEa

IN Tr1 REC kNt hbY-NCLATED LtCISILN PkUaLEMb. THd F1dbi PRCr1LE ACu .C E xN S 1Hb n 15 A (JF RAuIDACI1V1IY xELEAbd O UR li4G T HE R AILRO ADThAN5PLal UF SPENT NUCLCAR FUEL. Trti s HI STURY tF SHIPMENTSThuS t- A n IS J h, N TO MANE IT HlUnLY U c4L I A CLY THAT THE FHEQUENCYvF n E L C A 5ci ib LN 1NE UHsLR OF 10 ( C AP-e,) Uk unEATEa PCRbM IPME t4 T . TtE 3 C LC t.v Ai4 0 THIRD APPLICATIONS INVLLVE PRED I CT INGT t it. AVAILAe!L1TY PE Rt- U R M aN CE U r- N E w GCNCR A T I ON S GP TURbINCa L ui.) c b . nAYtb' lHELREM 15 DEMONSThAlc0 Ab A MbAMb FL41 r.C am P U H A T I N o IN THt eRiolCTIUN INE LIMITED LPE NA TIG 4AL CATA GNT h._ NCs tL A U ..$ ALUNb nITH THL C A FC W IC N Cli OF THC EAHLitsthNt R A T ILN A t .J l' Mt KNdwLCDbE CF THC s ti b l G N CHANGEU.

#ONDL i mANbPGu l A T 1 LN ANu H ANDL ING ; T h A I N ; CGN TAI NMEN T AsALYS1S; SAFETYREV 1 ta ; Pn Cd Aoi L1 I Y ; R 1 SK ; t-UEL . NUCLEAR

'O/0000001-0000077// /2_SSION NU. QUAulLub91.: PhbbAn!LiTY IN TE R V A L 1, FOR THE RELIABILITY OF COMPLCX SYSTEMS

V 31 NG MGNTE LAnLC S I MULA T l GNtOh(S) LLC TY;SALCM SLwu lrt vNI V . LF CALIF.. Lud A NG LL tis

19//'4PL-260191 + (C LA-EN L-7 / o c +. *b ePS, 2 TAcS, 3 FIGS, JEC. 1977

L AVAltaLILITY - NATIUNAa TECH 41 CAL int- ON M A T IG N bh4VICE, U. L.OCPAhlNCN1 UF LLMat H LE , LPhlNGFitLC, VA. 22161

J,ORY o100001ON 0u96CLLE UAVIRY n

MACT A u b Ti tG O LF ASSESSING THE UNCEN T A l t4TY IN THE TGP EVENT

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -.

~

)/0000001-000C077// 72 CONTINUATION 1 PAGE 26

P 4U c3 A d l LI T Y 1F A FAULT T RC E tS Y A MCNIE CAHLU blMULATICN ISPF-ESENTEv I:4 T Mi b htPORT. THis APPkGACH I S AJSto TO PkULUCE AN.- W8141 C AL b A YE b tbilMATE OF THE PNuoAdlLITY I N T hi< V A L S LF TCPtVcNT UNntL1a3IL11Y. TMt AUNTE CAhta 51MULATION USEO MEREPhuCLEub oY PMWAba!!NG tAblL t Vt44 T P etO LA L I L I I ! ES , CMOSENhcaLOMLY FaU- INPUT PnObACILIIY Ul5ThinUfIUNS IMhuubH THE TWEE,P nuuu t ! M, aN E MP 14 I C AL TCP L VE N T PaCoAblLITY DiLT41bvTIGN (w 1T HAbbLCiAIED L L 4 F 1 Jul .C t L1Alib) A r- T L R L Cvb l N IN G Tele MESULTS OFaANY T R I,. L S . TMIb REPow T mlLL DILLubb THE cAbit Pk i f 4C I PLE S CFIHIS :-.U N I E L AA LG A P P N G A C t1, aND WILL FxbSENT A NLW COMPUTERC Lv C . LIMITS, *MICH IS T e cN U S J.; (N ScVERAL tXAMPLEb.

76Laub neulAulL1TY, S YS f tM ; xCN T C LAnLU;A.JALYTICAL NGvCL;LINULAlION;Phbo Ab I L I 1 Y & t- A UL I TRCE A r.AL Y b i b ; k I 5A

3/0/0000001-00u0077// 73lkbSILN NG. O vX u 10.0 b.3 2LE PFL= Acl LI ST i t LAFETY A!4ALYSib IVt ia R ( L ) b nLM Ar4N nC

/PAUTH bCIhNLE uPPL AC AT luNS I NC . , raLO AtTu, CAulF. (PkEPARED t- O R EPRI)2

~L l9/9't N:G C W I w.P -10 av +. 7b PPbs 19 TALS, 14 r: l G S , APRIL 1979IL AVAl AclulTY - Rb tCh ,L L hLPLR1b C EN T Ce< , E LE C T n l C PUabn

acbL Aktts 1:4b l . , P.O. eLA 1091.1, PALL ALTU, CALIF. 94303LooRY G 'sv 0 0 0 i U 1 U U G v1ILN LweP LOVE bAlNT4Y ATRALI bbMMAh!Zub # Ld N ACCUMPLILHED vunlNG 1977-78 CN EPRI CONTHACT

99/6/-l. THE PR I M AN Y GUAL U t- TMlb 5TUDY HAS DEEN TO CON TINUEULVELUPNtNT (F AkGaAblLibTIC RibN Abbe SS MEN T Mt. T H O DO LOG Y ANDITL APPLICAblLIT) 10 Ul l LI TY WLGUIhCMENTS. IMPNOVEMENTS MAVE ,

NEE.. DEVELOPhJ FUh METHGod CF FAULT IHtE ANALYLIL, CONSELUENCEANALYbib. ANL ATWS LATA CULLECTICN ANL HETRIEVAL. PRUGhESS HALbtLN LOLUMENTED F u r< AN AtALYbib UF bATERNAL FUEL CYCLE RISAS.A TECHNluUC tab EEEN UEVELGPED FUR APPLYING Rbb!LNAL SEISMICtt ibT uk It_5 10 ANALYSES OF HISA FxuM CANTHOUAKEd. (tNH)

* Chub E Ph I i P r< U b at, I L1 I Y ; F A U L T IhEE ANALYblb; SEISMIC DESIb.N;REL1A6ILITY,

AceAL Y L i t i ACL ID EN T , AT 5; FUEL CYCLE;SCISMULUbY; ANALYTICALILLMNIOUc;R1inibarcTY ANALYbIS

/u/UOOO001-GOuGO7/// 7*_SSluN NU. u uC a l * Lut:0_C -CTIVITith LF THE CGNNIbblLN OF T rte EukOPEAN COMMUNITIES AND A

CnlTILaL st v id n LF GUAN11TATIVE C ONCE P T S IN RISA ASSESSMENTsuGIL) V AN R C l JEid G&VINC6 #'AUTH C um l SL IUN LF THE EUh0 PEAN CLMMUN1Tlta

147 u._ L; IL PPS, PAPEh PRESENTED AT Aab INTERNATIONAL TCPILAL M E E T I NG ON

NLa Au l ti b71 C ANALYbib ON NUCLEAR REACTCH SAFETY; LOL ANGELES,LALIF., DAY t- l O . 19 7c

!L a u l L Ad l LI TY - m. V I NC A , C L M'41 b a l O N UF THE EURCPtANLGwM ura i l l L S , N LC L E A N baFLTY vlVISIGN, NET STn AAT EOO, 1099CNUSLELS

.LLhY 010000ION OWS

LUDE E A r_>

.T R Y L* ALT T til b P A r9 L IV LS A GENEkAL SURVEY CF TMC ACTIVITIbS LF TME

LLAMIbblun U r- THt tVHOPEAN LOMMUN! TIES IN MA4AND PhEVENTICN.f t .E SE C L ev P AR T LESLRICEL THt bilUaTION alTH RELAnD TO THEAPPLICa11Lt4 LF GUANTITATIVE RISA CCaCEPTS IN NUCLEAh ANDNL.amutLEAh Lituablab PhlCEbbtb. T MC PaPCH CUNCLULES .v I T H ALHIT!(AL mEV IC e LF LUANI1IATIVE A b bE , dMEN T ANO ITb VaC ANO A 1T HCm S l u t N A T 10 7,S IN FUhIHeh Otv CLCPt1EN T LF T t,E MCTHLDLLUbY, ( t A M)

C i< D b Albs;HALAHob AuA LY S I b; PR OG Au IL I T Y ; LI CENS I NG wwuCESS

's / 0 0 00 0 01 -O G G L u / ~/ / / /5ablGN e 4L . COCUl%7tt4: 4 I dN- A b bE SS MLN T I LC t 1N I G U Eb AND THC sE ACTU R L I CtiNu l NG P~OCESSe (5 ) LLVINC SAUTh U.S. NUCLEAR RtGLLATLRY COMMISSION

1979

__ ___ _ _ _ _ __.

a / 0 0 00 001 -00 0 00 / // / 75 CuNTINUATIUN 1 P A GE 29

LCLNF - /e bc 19 IVLL. 1)-- +. N PPS, Ps. e-31,.FwGM PR OC EE D I NG SOF THt IbTH LU E m uCL C A rs AIR CLLaNit.b CUNFERENCC; GOSTUN, MASS.,AOL. 7-10, I v7 c

IL AVAILAhlLITY - N AT ION AL ThCNNICAL INFLRM A T IUN StRVICC, U.S.UCPARTMLaT OF CO*tEhCE, wkli.GFIELD, VA. 2dici

LbUHY 010 0 0 0 ; O /0 0 0 0 ; I St,',0 0

LTION GO%:P CCUC NhCh4T W Y A;InACT OLLCalhLs THE NkC'S C F r: O h T b TO SIAblLILE Tr e AEACTOR LICENSING

PhCCEbt. UELChitES ThC nbACTOR SAFETY bTULY (aASH-1400),C LdC EN i k A T ! N G GN THE ENG1 4EEhING AS Pt- C T S OF THE CCNT A I tu T ION TO

| HLnCTLR ACC I C d i4 T H I d A b ., eINALLY DC SCr4 l bC S btMC NCa WUd< bbGUNUN lot APPL i tA T I LW OF ,< l b 4 - A a b E S b M LN T TECHNICUtb TU biAo1LIZtTtC NtACTCk ._l LE NS I NG PkUCEdb.

.s u k u b ACL l ot..T iht out AT 10.4 i u l CENS INb PhcCCSS; RISK;PHOSAMILITY; SAFETYP h 1. 4C l e Lb 5 A ; .J P HILLLLPH Y ; ACC I DEN I . PRCdAo(L1iY UF;uATAesotCbs I..u ; A aH C LL AN li4G

/ u/ U u Ud OG I-OO v 0V / /// / t,

E L S I U r. NO. ubL01471/bu LE Lt C T 1 L.4 CF E <E. . I b F O.< A PtsLaAEILIbTIC EVALUATILN OF par

LAFETY ( l .4 E %LIbh)610 h ( b ) .MY Ph Au T ri FhAMATLNL, FhANCEi. Is/9E Lo F~kSR-loI +. e ppb, FRUM MA;ibOURG CONFERENCE; MAY b -9 , 1979IL AVA1 LABILITY - N A T I G.4 AL TECHN I C AL INF ChMA T IGN SEr, V I CE , U. S.

JLPARlucNT uF CO M M E rs CL , tP a l .wGF IE LD , VA. 221c1CutwY O 10 0 0 0 ; i c O O O C

i 1 Cr4 C Ou 'C6T h Y FlaACI i ni b PaFEh P b d b:_N I S A Mt THGD an!CH CAN be USCFULLY F U L LO a t- D TO

SELECT 1.s l T I AT IN G CVENTL TO =E kt i A INE D FOR A kISA ANALYblS CFA NUCLE An AO nd N PLAN 1. IhE MA IN blCPS ARE THE FCLLO.y INb ; 1.GC 1 t % M I Na T I 0.N AN D JUdl IF IC A T loN OF THt INIIIATING EvCNTSC rti S EN . d. uUAral 1 F ICA I luN AWD R EL I A d lL I T Y ANALYb1S OFt- CC I D E. 41 dCO&_nCLb 1. 40U C ED oY The INITIATING EVtN Tb. 3.nAv1LLLoICAL A NA LY b i b OF [hELE ACCIUtNT d b G U t N C i_ S . TMIS PAPERPnLdENib A U E.N ER A L MLIMOu CF SCL:iC T iu N .WHICH HAS ctCN USED INT i t_ L i ttiNS i r4 6 PHuCCbb UF ALEoCRG NLCLEAR POWER PLANT TO ANSWERTet Fikbi S T LP UF IME k i bK A NA LYd i :2.

wHUS F s A. 4C t ; h I LA ; r;J AL Y T I Cat 1ECHNILUE; LICENSING PROCESS ; RE AC TUR , P4W;"CCIJC J 1. PRonAclLITY OF ,PhubA L IL I T Y ; FORC I GN tXCHANGt

'u / L L LO O O L -tiO U UG / / / / //551 e edi. 0 0d O 14 4 c)._4, A LH,d l L. r- Int *9L a l ::A A b;a k b 3 M E N T m E v i t ,d GWCUP CN THC hb AC TOR,

%FETY STUDY1979

Ua PPS, 1 Ct , NU LLE A h S A FE TY , 2011), PP. 24-C6 (JAN.-fen. 1979)

v D ,< Y 010G00IL.# uuoc. fry A4ACI T hC 7 M Ei..b C R 1.' D cP EN U LN T AaSESSMcNT GROUP, MEADEU bY JW. MARCLD

Lhald, asb AFFLINTEu oY NR L IN 1977 TO CL ARIFY TMt GENEFITS ANDIAITATIONb Ed THE nALMULSEN AEPGRI, AND TO ALSESS CUMNENTS

THAT HAc bL h.. VA DL A r>OU T 11. THc hEPORT CGNTAINb NUMEAUUSel;wlaub AuL < tC utw t r.C A T I U N S Thal NWC 15 NOa C O N::,10 C n t w . ( FA M)

ahDS Ps ;n Aal Li TY ; ALui ut:4 T ;S T A T I b T 1 CAL ANAL YS 1 b ; L I CEN 5 I NG P40 CESS;ALLNCY, .mC;MF:1Y i. L V I L a ; R I as

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _

J/0000001-00C011b// I PAGE 30

Lb IUN NO. O O A 01 L's t dLE PhGuAu! LIST!t GPLICATION OF FhnCTUht MECHANICb (IN ENOLISH)so n ( S ) vLt-nELNL J2AUTh CLA at P A,< T tM L 4 T Ut SURCTL NULLLAlWC, F R A;4C E

1901e :,

b J L4 9dit + FhRSR-297. Ib PPS, * TAUS, 2* REFS, APRIL 1961IL ANAILAblLITY - SUS A.4 U lS IL VES TkE , UCCUMtNT MANAGEMENT 6 RANCH,

UlVlblLN OF TdLHN IC AL INFURMATION t, JCCUMENI CONT 4GL, U.S.'.LCLtAR uhGUcA TU h Y C O MM 1 bb l O.4, = A S Hi ?4 G T U.4 , J.C.CLOHV d2 COOL;II00001(UN 013,36iRY FLld ACI TFC vlFFEREul *EThout UStu IG EVALUAIE THE RUPTURE PRC e ACI LI TYUF A PHLbbukt VE LbC L ARE HbVitaE-. UATA CCLLECTIUN AND

PsLL E b b l.9L UF AL L P A .< A M E TC m S NtCEbtARY FUR FRACTUnC VECHANICS- EVALUAlIUN Ard P RCbE;4 T tb $1TH FA4TICULAR A TT ENT I Cn TG THE SIZE| blbTh!bUTIGN UF JtF C CT S IN ACTUAL VLSSELS. PHYSICAL PROCESS ISF CLLO * Lu JUR IN G CHACA GRUaTH AND UN5fAbLt PRUPALATION, USING

LEFM A.wu PLAbfIC INS T Ab l LI T Y . nESULTS SHow THAT THC rlNALa

FAILUhC P%Ut$M iulTY FLR A Pas PWCbLudt VC SSe t Ib 3.5 10(-6),ANU 1S UUC t 55 LN I I A L L Y TU LUCAb FUh ANY b h E A ri biZC. THEaEAstbT PLIN1 IS THL I N i i; 9Nx L Live LF THC eELT LINC. (FAH)3CHDb tm A.4 C t ; F h A L T um E TUU LMN C b S ; P h t s b uM t V t SSELb ;F L A e ; Cn ACA ; T ES T ,.4GnuEL T huC f I %E ;FLRE I ON E AC ttANGt ; Phob AU ILI S T l C RlbA ASSESSMENT; '

HISA; FAILURE, PRCbdukt V tS$t t ; HC A C TLk , P.v R

10/OO00001-0000115// 2:bSIUN NU. O O A u l b 9 7c b.5 F lhE hiss AN AL Y S ! b FLN N UC L E xR PUaER PLANTSmR(L) APUSTULAstb b;sALAdlANb MJAUTH UalV. OF C AL IF . , Lub ANGELCS

1961N

> NUh L 6 /C h -22 L L + UCLA-tNG-blO2 +. 166 PPS, 14 T AB S , 13 FIGS,R Lr- L . StPT. 19 cl

iL AVAILAalLiFY - N A f lON AL lECHNICAL INFORMATION bddVICE, U. S.D EP AR TM Ei. I CF LOMMEHLC, SPRINGFIELD, VA. 221o1GUHY I 70 00 0 ; I cO O O L ; CJ uu oO' I ON O135Cout UmV'

.f aY ARACT A dt T hbGULUG Y FOR CVALUATING T Hei FREQUENCY CF SEVERE

Li >Nbt L U ENCt L jut TO T-I R t b IN NUCLtAR e4] a t R PLANTS 15 PRESENTCD.Trt ME l hLuuL LG Y PROUUCES A LibT G r- ACCIDENT LCE NA 410S AND THENASStSSCS THE FntLUENCY OF UCCONHtNLE UF EACh. ITS FR ANtiWOR K ISUlVEN IN Llx SIEPS. IN THE FlhST Tau ST E P S . THC A C C I DtiN TbtC:4AHIGb A R :.. IJENTIFIEU O U Aa ! T A T I VEL Y Af40 THE PUTENTIAL GFFIXES TU LAutd INITIATING EVENfb iS INVEbTIGaTED. THEtnELUENLY UF Fidtd 16 OU TA INED FOR JIFFERENT CGMPARTMENTS INNUCLEAA rUach a. ANTS USlaG bAYtslAN TCCHNtouES. THE RESULTSAC CUNPAkcu a lT H THUb2 CF CLAShlCAL METHUOb AND THE VARIATICNCF THE E'tGULNCIES 41TH l!NE 16 ALLO EXAIMINED. ThE CUMBINEDn

c F t- C C l S vb F 1R E OnGaTh. vETECTION, AND SUPPRESSIGN ON COMPONEN TFAILOWE AkE 'O utiL tid . THC bubCCPTIOILITY OF CAdLCS TO F1RE ANDTHEIR F AILURL MU G E S Akb LibCUSSCO.;90S r thC PHb T EC T IJN; F I kE ;H I L A; AN ALY T I C AL MUDEL ; AN ALv I 1 CA L TECHNIQUE:CAnLCb x. 40 Cimt C IUHb; ACCI DCNT ANALYbIb; STATISTICAL ANALYS1S;HEALTUR, P4k ;bau sC ; I NSTR vMEN T , ALARM;PNCdAc!LISTIC RISAA bb b b bM C ., T

)/ 00 L0 001 -00 0 011 b/ / 3>SloN NU. OvCul69771

<< E A C f G H SAFEIY SIUUY ME T FOOULubY APPL ICA TIGNS PRubxAM: GRANDG U._ F #1 Gad r4) E 'i PL At4 TA(b) r1n i CH S a ;CYo(L M l b P ;NUU TGN 4GUTH LANs1A Na I ID :.A L LAai., ALsVCUERGUE, NM ; bATTtLLC COLUM6US

LAbb., UH19c1H

r4 Us ti G /L h-l o b 9 (4 UF A) + SANuoO-le97 (4 UF *) +. APPROX. 500ppb, F1Ub. RLFL, UCT. 19c1AVAILAdlLITY - NAT1uNAL ThCHNICAL INFOWMATION SEHVICC, U. S.uEPARTMENT OF COMMERLt. LP h l NGF I E L9, VA. 22161

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . __

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

>/0CGO001-0000l16// 3 CGNTINUAT10N 1 PACE 31

00NY U SU L L O ; F .:.U O O o10 4 Olds> COJC aU4 ;CAFi t '4 Y ~

TRACI inib RCPLnT in T r1C r LUi.'T' IN A SCRitJ UF 5:CUk NEPJnTS .v H I C H-

P CSCNT l t ta "CbULTb G r- 1LYLLS PERFJkMbu IN T riC NE AC TOR SAFETY's

a:Uvv M E T hGu tt. Cu Y APPLit-iluNb Ph u v' A.4 (RSSAAP). THIS V CL UMCAv t 5 L N i t, t L IttC ANALYSIL P Ln F O .s M c U fun ThE GRAND butF UNIT 1. .UCLd a s nL AC fur; O T r1tR VLLUACS UC S Ch I dE THE A9ALYLES OFbEQUOY At UNII 1. UCLNtE UNIT 3. A ;-d u CaLvCRT CL IF F b UNII 2LLS$ LF LLULM I ACCILENTL (LLCAb) Ar.O FR AN S i c.v i d 4En2 UbbD AS1 r.1 T I A f 12.0 t .t. : . T S . Itt NUbT SIGNIFICANT SEUUdNCZ5 CUNTRIGUTINGIU T iit Coht st LI F x C autN LY A..D , LY EATC 451oN. TMC RISK 4ERCI w:4 51 E r41 i c. t r I A I CU LEOutNCEL dil C H ARE F O LL O.v E D cY A LOSb OF~LL LuNL-i CR M UECAY HEAT nLMOVAs.. It iE bE SEQUENLE S CLN TR I O UT ED,

'

A eP.< U A I N T b t Y 90 :. O t: THE FUTaL CURC MLLT FRELUhNCY AT GRANDLLLt. ( F A ri ) '

.m n s 5 w CTY ANALYSibiACCILENT, lob 5 ur- COuLANT;CURC MELTOGwN; RISK;UECAf HC A I ; k tA CT LH , caw;LWANu GULF 1 (bwR ) ; REACTOR T R ANS I Et4T

- /v / v v b3 001 -G O bol l b / / 4t b b 1L., NU. 0 0Ju l o9 74cLZ Aw cVALUATIbi. Lr: CONTAINMENr INE,TINv AND Alw DILUTIGN SYSTEMS

Ab MTPGLS t; u< PLST-ACClwNT M Y Dn G GC. 4 CONTROL IN ua45MA ( L ) t it I L I NG -60D %A N CD ; t CPER VANChC JPAUTM 4 ASS. INLI. LF T EuMNCLO u Y. CaMehlGGE, MAt 1961t: OL lo ppb. / T A Ld . o F106, ib HCFS, NUCLEAM CNGINEtn!NG t, OdS1bN,

em(4). c' P . ai9 -+ b (APRIL I961)CLURY l20000;d20000TIGN OlaSP COLC %4MikY Zdn NLUE1WACT PL5 T - A C C ID EN T HYDhuGtN GENERATIGN !a t) N R CON Ta INMENT S 1S

~4ALY 4dD AS A FUNCrIbN O r; LNbl r.E LR C0 HYORUGEN CONTkOL SYSTEM,A LE U M i r.L E I T r ti k NITRUGEN INERTING GW AIR UlLUTICN. FAULT TREE%NnLYblS .s A L APPLIEu TO ASbkbb IHE t: A I Lux E PROdAblLITY PERutMANU C t- EALH SYbfLM. INESt t;AILLHC RATES 4CxE THEN COMBINEDv1TH Tht P4ULAo!LITY LF ACC10ENTb PRUUUCING VARIOUS MYDRCGENGENtHAI(UN HaTCS TO CALCUL AT E THE GVL RALL SYSTEM HYDh0GCNCon 1HLL Phob Ac21L I TY . NtbULTS INDICATE TMAT cOTH SYSTEMS R EN DE RAwkOXI MA TELY THE S A t ,E UVEhALL S Y S TEmn NYOROGEN CONTROL FAILUREkafb (Ala DILUTILN: o.3 X 1G(-a) -1.I A 1 O ( -d ) ; N1TROGCNI nE .< I I N G ; 13 X 10 ( -4 ) - 2 A 10(-J).

wJRDS C Lc4 T A lcJ MCN T ~T :ubrHE RE i dYUR UGEN ;N I TRGutN ; F AUL T TRtC ANALYSib;alLUTluN;AIRidISsiRCACTUR, d R ;CURRUS ION; F IRE; CXPLOSION

'O/vG00001-000011b// bSS!UN '40 . v0Av169bu9_- CLaChlS UN THb A CR b Q U A hT I T a i I V t 5AFCTY GGALSto k ( 5 ) b T9 I P D r.'Aul H bang!A LAbb.. A_ EU ou E n Gu t . NM

19017.4 L'iL G / C R-20 b b + an.. dol-0699 +. 14 PPS, 1 FIG, 4 REFS. JUNE'

19u1L AVAILAd1LITY - N A T i b.1 AL TE CHN I C AL INr- URM AT ION SEHv1CC. U. S.

sEPARINbNT OF CO MME rd.E , LP h l . 0 F i t L O , VA. 221o1GCnY lcOOLJ; 23000010 4 Glab- LUDb AUA74Y AWACT A Ln d IN n c SPL N 5E FU A RtoutST FHOM T ilt NRC. P <C SC N TE D A REPORT

uuTLINING ThL CONCEPl6 U r- GU At4T I T ATIvd RISK ASSE S SME., f CRITERIAAND A A A I.46 r. LCL a ML % A l l o t.S fur EPECIFIC SAFETY GunLS. GOALSAnC dCT fun fHE skJd AB IL IT Y uF RE A CTLR HAZA40 ST A T E S, R!bK TOAN 1 JD I V IOUAL, n 164 IU buCIETY, AND SOCIETAL IMPACT AEDUCTION.vAIA RCG AN u l % ACCluCNT CG .4 S CO U tN C E S aND T ME INTERACTIONS CFTN CR I TtH I A , LEAu TL S O .W. CUNCLUSIONS .sHICH aEHE NOT ObVlCUS.Trt RILAb MPrEAR b0 M IN I MAL THAT T r1E RISA LR I T E A I A P R OPO SE D INTHE ACRS REPLRT ALLG a blilNb IN APPAxENT CONFLICT alTH E x IS T IN GA . ad PHOPGECD BITING FOL 1 CY . WHILE T r1E ACRb MCCOMMENDAlIONS

- _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

f

/ 0 0 00 001 -00 0 01 I n/ / b CONTINUAT10N 1 PACE 32

htt'd TO W u V l u t- A UbtFUL FRAMunU.<A FOR A MGdt ACCtiP T A6LEL I Lt1.. b il m PN LC LO UnC , SGML UF The DETAILS MAY HnVE TG ot CHANGEDTv hCLLLVE LL 4FL I CTS 41 i H NAIIUr.AL blTING PuL IC I E d . (FAM)

.uhub A L n S ; R I S A ; CG cti d A.10 ST AN DARub;PU CH eLANT, NUCLEAH;61 TING;ALLIut.4T, CGT,SEubtNCES

/U/00G0001-00G01Ib// otbblLN fU. vlV0109496Lc A STULY vF T#C 1MPLICATILNb UF APPLYINO QUANTITATIVE RISK

C r I T r- m 1 A la LICCs.LINu OF NULLtAR PUaEs PLANTS IN THE UNI TED5. 1 A T E b

HUd(b) ilI n A S; HALL R ;CUPPLLA APnUTH c nLo4H A VU N n T IU N AL. LAS.. UPION, NY

t- 1 SolE ts

U taohtG/LL-Euw0 + bNL -NU kti b-b 136 / +. 195 ppb, Tabs, FIGS. W CF S,

A AY I901IL AVAILAoILIIY - N AT I Oi4 AL T d CH . 41 C AL I N F Ors M A T I Cr, SERVICC, U. S.

UCe Ais T M Li4 T OF CJ M ** t h tC , SPklaGFICLD, VA. 22101EGO r< Y ,.acGoo;luGOGO11UN vAJ5P CLvE n cAeidY AfnALT f es i b huPLAT UE :.,C :41;ta THc nti SU L I .;, GF AN 1.vyti b t I G A I 10N I N TO THE

FLx51siLIIY L a- UtVCLuPING AND Ub1NO a SCI UF PnGbAblLISTIC RISAC41TCN1A iL r d LP JubuL T : ti S, F iT Y LF NUCLEAR PLNEH PLANTS. THEo I dT O k I t r.L shu Sb .= r,1 C H HAS LEU TO A di V I CE F O t- NUMER I C ALC A-I T E k 1 A F Ln ataC10n 5AFLTY Ib REVICaCD. THt MCA (MAAIMUMLntstbtE ACC1JENT) A .o T HE UuA (vESluN E AS IS A C L l LC N T )CArnaltillbb AND LivlTAT!UNb AnC tXAMINCD AN D bEVERAL NEWC LNL E P T b sUt ti Ab AVAILAu1LITY LklICHIA; bYbrtM AvalLA61LITYCalTERLA; A C CI Lti N T PR Ud A ulL I T Y ChiIERIA; RELCAbh CAITERIA;IeiVIbuAL N IS A A.wD LOC 1AL HISA CniTcnIA, t-T C AhE PHOPUSED ANDUlSLutbCs. 19 a PAGES, .3 J F1bUhES, 1O IAGLES ANU NUMCHOUS

ntFtHENCcS.DO .. U s A LC & O t . 4 I , CO. .S EO ut Nuc b ; A CL I D EN I , OCblGd 6Ablb; ACCIDENT ANALYSIS;

b uC l u/ t'n i LUS LP M1 C AL CONSIUERATIUN;bAFETY AN ALY b I S ; R i bA ;3tiNEF I T/5 d i L A ; n A 4. A rd S AN AL Y b l S ;HA4 AnD , RELATIVE;ACCIDLNT, MAXIMUMChEsIbLb ( MC A) ;S AFC T Y AN AL YS IS RCPURT, ME TE Cn GLOG Y ; N-PO .4 EH ,S nF c r Y UF ; L i tC.; 4b l NG PROC ES S ; Pnbua b lu t b T I C RISA A6SESSMLNT

h0/ 0 0 00 00 I -00 v 01 I a/ / 7b b lL.i NG. UGAOloV477- : . ch CF F -b a b LY STh.n b-LP ER A T I NO CAPE h lE NCE ANs PLANNING STUDY

IL R ( b ) NtGIN C A ; n G N <U G ; A2NaCd T HY LUAUlH I N I C R .A T I G.4A L bl4thGY AbSoCIAIb5 t. T U . , NASHINGTuN. O.C.

_ l 'a c t~

isa cPAl-NP-1 Liv +. 1/1 PPS, FIGS, MAY 19cl

u AVAILAululTY - nEtcAbCH hCPURTS CE.4TCR , ELECTnlC POACH RCSEARCHINaT., F.C. UA IGO90, P AL O ALTG, CA L I F . 9*303

:oLnY I /Luou ;2aO OO L; 07 000GIJM G126thy A

hACi I H I :., NCPukI AD Ok t S S E S bwR OFF-GAS SYbTEMS IN THC CUNTEXT CFl C PE h A T l t,L P H Lo LE Mb , PAR r ICULAh LY aiTH AUGMENTEU SY S TE MS.

NPLCIAL CMPH Ab lS HAS d tE E N PLACED ON C xPLO S IO N S AND INTERNALuUnNING bEC A US t THEbc CVtNTS ARC GF THE GREATEST CUNCCHN AND

| NAVE InE ULi 51UNIF1 CANT IMPAC1. rRC vtiN T I V t H E A S UH ti S AND| b At t ( Y WLCauTIUNS THAT APPLY TO EAPLOSIONS ARE vLbCx! SED.

sLkt CON /CNTIONAL FYrES LF UPtHA!!NG PR OB L tim S AhE CtiSC R i cti D eANv C Cn h tC f l VE A C A S U % tis an C 4D TEJ . C Ai4D I D A T E R t, L PNUJECTSAnc buuGLSTEL. T hi 6 REPLh I CAN bE Ubc0 AS A HCVIcW GUIDC ANDFL; UF F -u A b bY b T C:t L P'- R A T l isG TMA1NING. TMC PRIMAsY CCNCLUSIGN1b IHAI THL t-n Q An!L!lY CF AND N1SNb FROM LAPL0bluNS HAVEvCCnCALED S I LN IF I C A , T LY ANU aILL ut M!alMAL IN Te-s e F U T UR ti .(FAH)

# US t h ! i nt AC TJh , 347;UFF b A i; L' A PLUb ! ON ;P 1RE ; OPEd A T I NO CAPE 4IENCE;RA . ;U d P4LG4AA;LiCtNbCD G FtR A T uk ; Tr< A IN ING ; R IdK

O/0000001-000011b// ob b l U', NO. OGLClov0021 N UCL ti A << UNt .F M AI, Y MINOK dlSAb

19eb

/0000001-0000116// c CO N T IN U AT I ON 1 PAGE 33

Li 1 PL, t.Ut.LE A x CNLINEts!Nu I N TC x:4 A T LO.4 AL , Ob(uC3), PG. S (SEPT.

AwO)~bORY O10C00;2000001IUN J1a4f 41 N Y A

. TRACT UN I TCa b Ta IL b : Liv I Nb i . LA N a NucLCAR PU4ER PLANT FGR 50 YEAHS1S A5 O A.4Lt k LU S Ab ';, P ht4 v I N G Tau JAYS IN NLa YunA Ud iRAVELINGIN A CANLC eed blx A I. U T a , u Y b PwCFtSLOR nICHARD aILSON CFnAdVAAD UNIVtabiTY. LTHtn ACTIV1Ilbb anlCH INChEASE AN1.ulvivuAL*S C tiA rae l UF RtATti oY U.4c PART IN A MILLIUN ARE:S. C A I .4G 1.4 LIGAhETid; CaiING 4v TAcLEdeUONS UF >>t AN U T BUTTER;Oh t t.< ! ..b '.1 A M I C ITY aATEM Fuk Gi,C YEAR; C A T i r,G 100Cnan CG A L-c ho ILED brCAAS; SPC.,UI.sG Ud HCUR IN A CUAL MINE CH

l TaL at ,tlid IN C r.i N V C A UK IWG MONTtsb IN A bTUNE t tuU Sti ; LIVING 20YtANS NL aM A P LL Y V li. Y LCH LO w i de PLANT; an 1NKI 4G 1000 24 OZ. SOFTUNINAS FSLM rL A S T I C oVTTLLb. THL RibA UF LIVING '4E A R A NUCLEARPL A.4 I 16 Loa ENUUbH TC uL JUUbdv AS UNt 0F T hci M At4Y MINURh1C85. (FaH)

f..v a u s NibA;PO4c4 P LA N T , N u.LE A R ; LO a ; E APO SUR E , dACAGNUUND; COMPARISON

'/U/ OG LO OG 1 vu vv 11 a// S.C S S I On e NC. O uC u l ts 0WsL- Th; t A - A. 40 I . ,o h0 Lc. LF uu Ai4 T I T A T I VE RISA ANALY515 IN THE FE DE RA L

n EPUcL I C LF d~nMANYNOW($) 3 l i A H L F E., A#nU fn i CLM N 1 b Lrt UNI VE kb i I A T M Ur4CHtN , t.n. GERMANYC 19e1i LU L T I /PUU / ubu (VLL. !) +. 15 PPS, HP. 307-19 LF PROCtEDINGS OF

A;4 I N TEh !. A T l u 1 AL CO.4FERE NCC UN CUR KEN T NUCLEAR PO vCR PLANTbsFtTY I b bu C '., ; SIOCAnULM, SatOEN, CCT. i.0 -44, 1%v

JL AVAltao1LITY - U N I PU a , I c.c . , P.O. t:O A 43d, NLd YukA, N.Y. 10016tMChY 2300QUTI LN O la4NThY aIRAtf A .Ai r A I L r) k !bs STUOY .-tA L n h tin PhsFGnMEJ t- U R A NUCLCAR PO*ER

FuaNT alTH a P ws . Te tl G aGRA WAS NUT PART OF THE LICENd!NGPuutEUUML, ITS MAIN TAbN nAd 10 G I Vti A FIHS T ASSES 5 MEN T O P- TnC-CL I st. n T AL R ib A r: r- O M N UC Lt A R Poack PLANTS IN THt FtochALNEPUMLI C UF dihMANY, ANJ TU HELP IL GAIN E XPEN IENCt uITM THtAFFLICnTION LF HibA ab5ELbMtt.T Mr- T HOU UL OG Y . NEvCRTHELCSS,thSIGHT GAINEJ FHCA THE LIUDY It INFLUENCING ACTUAL LICENSINGP nt t ti L u k ti S . Ttt ! @ uk T At.C E u t- RISA ANALYSIS StCMb TO 1El i.t Rc A a ! .,b , buPPCsTINb NLT UNLY T CCH 41 CAL, buT ALbO LCGAL ANDPLL1 T IC AL DEL 1 bl vNS MA I N LY dY SUPPLYlNG d ACA u;LvNO I NFURM A T I CN .

etRub GCRMANY;h1SA,NCL140IL1TY ANALYblb;RtACTUR, wWn; Cone MELTDC*N

/v/OGOOOOi-OGbbtla// 1OidbluN NU. VOAOlocet0_E AN I NF L n M A T i t ta SYbTEM t- 0 , THt CLLLiiC T IUN AND EV ALUA TION OF

LLIAdILITY LA T A AT ThE NUCLEAm PUdtn PLANT olcLib 3Uk(b) bCn* AILED A ; t INLbCnMIDT UMU IN LtL E s_Lb Ln Ar T F Uh RE As 10h LI LntiRht I T (LRS) M ta n , F . it . LEnMANY: 1%t. N1 vsS ~~56v + ui RR bR -742 +. 109 PPS, FIGS, REFb, FEb. 1 91: 1>JAot LERMAN=t AVAILAcltlTY - S U LA.J UlblLVESTaE, LOCUMEN T MANAGEMENT LRANCH,

v iv i d lCN G r- TECHNICAt INFORMATICN t, JGCUMENT CONIhCL, U.S.4ULLCnR aclu LA TG nY C UM M I b516.. . a m bH Ice G T U:4 . D.C.

uJ9Y I/GCOO;iav0GL!ON O la3

COUC bi b:14Y GhACT fiC Alw t r- Ttt P LJECT Ib Id ULTAIN dtPRdbCNTATivE stLIAblLITY

v AI A UN LLMPU4t. Nib A . .v b Y S T c:d b FGW RibA AND nCLIAblLITYAwLYbit uv% 4:Ju IHd LICec.b!Nu nkLCESb bY A DATA COLLtCTILN INT r e; ..uCLhAR PO * C h PLANT (N eP ) bitL15 es . THE FOUs MAINUdJECTIVEL UF THlb PHO JE CT Ant * A) D EVEL UPMtN T OF A COLLE CT IONL'v b T E M , b) C LL LE C T I U 4 4 QF k A4 DATA, C) LEVELOrMENT LF ANtvP-oxbCJ I N FO nM A T I Ot4 SYSTEM, b) CVALUATION UF RELIAj!LITYVATA. 1ttib 1. 4 FUs M A T I LN bYSTEM, UFFbnS Thb PObbl61L1TY OFC ALCUL AT I NG bd L I Au l L I T Y VATA FNOM TnC AVAILAnLE raw OATA.

- ______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

-

00 00 00 5-00 0 011 b/ / 10 CUN T I NU AT I ON l PACE 3a

e ub:31 bLt- ML T r t) Ub FOR SUCH Ate INeURMAIION SYb1CM art LibCUSSED.sv b i b. Ev0v. 4til Cft Ib SEING UbtD t-UR TNib esvJtCT, 1S PRESCNTCD#

I ,N MU d udTA1.. ( r- A t1 )

I:406lir.M hY;oATA L LLLEC T IGt4 ; <,A T A PnGLcLSING;R154;kCLIABILITYA >. A uvb!b;PtJwtw eLANT. NU s.LC Ah ; F Lx t l' cxCHANbC;L1CENbING

*,

Ph0CCL5

>/u0C0001-OI001la// I1 5'LION Maj . 00C016ce79

knACfOd SAFE IV STUDY MEIhubOLObY AM L - : AT IGNb PROGRA4: CCCNEE'

oa euwCk vtAi.I .

W (b ) Nae o s ;r iAl Ci t ba;*UGIGN au.L f H L AN O ! A t 4 A T ! U i .A L L A3 b . , A LLUUUC n uut . f 4M

AScl ,

H.-.UntG/th-loS9 (d U r: 4) ( h ti v . ) +. APPAOX. 30L PPS, F I G L, MAYISO 1.t yA I L An I Li l Y - NAlluNAL TE CHN I C AL I NF UWr4 A T I LN SERVICL, U. S.

f DLP ARTNEr.T OF LO MiechCC, P n l .4GFl tL D , VA. 2i'161iOh Y I ( 0 0 0 0 ; 2 a d vd.i vl u t. u143u 'U t nLA

TRY A,ACT T hl b VLLutE he m tbEN TS Ttt t,hSULTb UF THE AN AL Yb l S C r: OCONEC

UNil M _NUCLtra PuaCR PLA..T WHICH *Ab PE h P O hM C J AS PART OF THEH E A C T L r, bAFETY S TUJY METHGOGLCGY A PPL ICA T I ONb PhGGRAM (RSSMAP).I t i: r<b b M A P a na C Lt4J UC T CO TO APPLY THt METHOUCLOGY JtVELOPEO INIrt ubACTCn SAFETY blUDY (ksb) TO A.1 AOulTIUNAL LROUP OF PLANTSaiTH Irat r-UL Lu a ! t4G 03JtC TI VES IN MINO : 1) ICtNTIFICAT1ON Ur:l e tc. AISA DOMI.4AllNG ACClodaT dCCutNCEb FOR A 6HuADtH GWOUP OFnCACICA LCL1G4S; ) CCNPAhISLN GF I r1C SC A CC I U cN I btCUENCES W lTNTFubC IDcNTIr!CD IN THE hSb; aND 3) d ABED CN THIS COMPARISON,I vCN i lF lta i l t.e4 u r- DEbluN DIFFERENCcd nHICH HAVE A SIGNIF IC Aa r1:+ AC T UN HIM. (4AH)

'OlQ S JLUNcE a (Pwa); SAFETY RL Vi da ;k ! S A ;ULS I GN; COMP AR ISOti;HJC< ;NRC-ANIFAILVAE, StoudNTIAL

0 / 0 0 00 001 -00 0 01 l b // 1d5L!JN NO. U OX O l bb!:7 7c Tet USE UP A IS N AVCab1ON IN NIbK A C CE P T AN CE CRITERIADRtb) ;, I ta P SU N A;GAhENT D & Les IE S ytitt bck J:4 ,

AUTH dril V . UF C AL IF . , . LOS ANGCLES\Ivec x

N *

~ LL - 61 + UCL A-EN u- /9 70 +. 2/ ppb, 11 FIGS, 16 AtFS, JUNE 1960L AVAILABILITY - NATIUNAL TCLMN!LAL INr:ORM A T IGN Sc4VICb, U. S.

GLPARTMENI O t- CO M Md k CE , LPklNbFitLC, VA. 221o1GUAY d2CLCC1UN O13aCdub UAV

*THY A L

hACT G UAi4T i r A T IVd a lS A ACCcPTANCE CR IT thl A FCs TELMNULLGICAL SYSTEMSMUST Lt cOTH J ub T i r; ! AO LE , cAbEu be u4 bOCIElaL VALUEb AND '

GLJECTIVCS. a4u aCWAAcLE IN thE LtNSc THAT COMPLIANCC 15r"LbS15Lt AND C AN nd UEMU NS T R A T :iu IN A ST R A IG HT PURdAnD MANNER.SLCIETAL VALUtb HAVC FRELUCNILY n6EN AbbtbSCD UhlNb AECORDEDAC.C ID E NT STATISTICS ASSUMING TnAT inC ST A T IS TI CS N tiFL E C 1. INbia4t aAY. SO LI LT AL PNCFEHENCCS. IN THIS REPOR T THE I MPL I C AT IO NG t- I .wCOb POR A TI NG rsibK A V t:R b 1 ON l'd ACCEPTANCC CRITERIA ISlivESTIGaTcD. C-LCULaito RlbAs UF V A r< ! C U S TCCHNGLOGICALSYdTCMS aAE s.O NV Ch T c u Ta C A PCC T CD LCC I AL CObis. T H:::. xUi CER1 A IN I 16 5 arc'OlbLUSLcD.

UHOS hFCTY P%INCIPLdb ANs PH I LO SuPN Y ; UEC I S I ON ANALYbib;6hNEFIT VSd IbK ibOCIU/P nl La%PM IC AL CLNblOCRATIuN;RIS4

'

\

D / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 u 115 / / 1[ '::S l bN t,0 . - O VA v l oc %3

' '

i Pl.T EN T I AL d A FE TY -R E L A T ED INC IUth TS #11H Pubbl3Lb APPL IC Ab l L I T YTV A .,U C L t Ard :UEL~nbP60 CESSING PLANT

Jhts) RE A T des Art;DunANT JS ; PE kK INS *CAU TN 5 AV ANN Ah h!VER LAn., A1AEN, SC

19c0 g,,

N ,

UP-lba6 +. 00 4 PPs. FIGb, REFb. OtC. 1960 '

,

%[

;* \s s sv

't____.__.______________._______

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

> / 00 09 001 -00 0 011 a/ / 1a CG.4 I I NU A T I ON 1 PAGE 35

L avalLAaltllY - WilL 4AL IC CMr.l L AL lt.F unM A l lur4 Scavltt, U. 5.vLMAA'lf4Ls,i Ur CO W4LH(t , *- P W l .G F 1 C L J , VA. 221u1

ubhY I 0000;1/000o; .M0000f l Ltd b144P L t .v C anLi (h Y A14ACf Ire; L L C U-. 4 C t . d. vF LCRTA1:. PUfLN1Iat c Ver. I d IN c.ULLean FUEL

nLemucc Sb i t.6 e2LANIS Luut , LEAv TJ b luri!F I C AN I G v.. b t u u C *1C E SI.4LLv!No AlA TO GPL A A T Ir4u etnbu.t.et Ok TO I ttE LtNLuAL sunLIC.Itt!S vCLu%CNi !$ A CU.wPILAIloN Lt LUCH POTec4TIAL 141i1ATINGE vL t. T L 1. : .U G. C A . < FULL NLPRUCtubtNG PLANId. Pu b ., I O L E uEr.E ; ALl t.C I G C.. T a Ans 1. 4 s ! JC + 4 f S Lett lF IL TO sdv U Pt k A 1 10 '4 S 1. , FULLW L e b e C c: LLINu amL CUNLIUCbCD, I NLL U D i.4 6 PLddlaLt L*Udtd,LL.4 SC Gu t N t.L b , ANs S A r- C T Y t-CAIUnts LtS i b;.h D TU rmt-vtNT, ULTECT,Oh M I ! ! 6a i ti. Lu ttt I.4L ILCN Tb.

~ .. L I. a 5 F UL- L ktFnoCC LS INO ;aP* h A T ING C XPEk I LNCd ; 1.4C lacN T ; li4C l .,C NT , NVvANCnhua;attlutNT;H1d6;dAFCBY AN ALY d i d ; Cut. T A M I N A T I LN i LNG I Nd E m EDS t.F e_ T Y K.a T Uht ;r: Ikt;i4PLubIlm;wALTL IRCATMcNI;ACCIUCNT ANALYd!L;FILIEkb

'/0/00L0001-Gout!Ia// 14. U S I t J ". ' 40. J OL U I t 4,4 s. O

LZ I t.: I I / L N Y Hk_dtNILJ lL T riL htU.n; LCIL.4CC AND T LC r1NOLC O Y(_ L.ei I f I LL

t.o h ( b ) I C hN U o. D Chn

PAU Ttt LAN N ! ELE NAIILNAL Lan., I;J

c IseIL (J1. La. .L / l *4-n O c a +. JO PP3, c TAub, LLT. I 's o lIL A V A 1 L AU I L 1 T 's - N A T l y;.AL IL LHr.1 C AL 1.FGHMA1IGN SLwVICC, U. L.

U LsA A Tim...T U r- CU /. 4th Lc , Phli.LFILLv, VA. 2 101t.GGwY 2J00001010VGOI I L. . O lacP CGvL t' LL-eiRY ATHALI 14 15 aE et in i IS Tr{ T AT LF 1;.VITtu T e d T I 4 0 *4 Y GIVt.N r3 Y THt

Aulttuk etFURL Ti t E noVSC bCidNCC AND I C C hr40 LU G Y CU .4.41 T T E E . THISCL..Ln CS S l uN A L MdAk1NG G.4 bCCIE TAL HlbsS OF ENERLY LYdTEMSa t t- L J C i b THE G r<O * l N b INitREdl U td I ttC PART CF CONGnCES, THE-m, Lit, IHt LC id N i l t- I C C Ud M U' 41 T Y , ANJ UTacR ukuuPS UN T HI SLAIktNtLY I M FU k I A;4 T ILPIC LF H I LA AN A L Yb ! b . IMib P*s t S E N I A T I CNCUNTAlab I hF ts. AA T 10N UN Int c Mti m b C NCL OF AtJ I N I CRu i SC I PL IN A R YPnUFdbblLNAL F1;LU LW RIM ANALYSid, IfCLUUING THC RtCCNTLYFLbMEu "LCC I hI Y Fun a1SA Ara A L'r b l L . " Te16 R1SA ANALYSIb P90bHAMLP t.t- LE N T L Y U N L,d n 4 A Y Al 04 4 Ant e s i d t:L Y DlbCUbdEU.

ANvd L Ln G sL d d l LN A a. As T I V I i Y ;i.:LNCFIT 95 hIdA;butlu/PMILUSCPHICALL LJ a b 1 vL h e I 1 U :15 P i LA ; #1 A/ A R U , RELATIVE;#1ALAROS A r. A L Y S I 5

/0 / 0 0 00 G 01 -0 0 0 011 d / / lb~

'C. GLXvluc2/1. a b l U '. .

.c :< l b s b u t- NUC Ld A A tN RGY L Lud-LCvtL I Jte l Z i t.G 4ADIATICN%UTn .cRICAN NCo IC n. AsbN., m.wtE, 41n

19 e.14

. *L PPS, 14o1>UAGE Uldd< LANGIL AVAILAulLITY - UNodh JC P T. UP-120, A4CRICAN '1COICAL AbbN., P .O .

BUA ui. ! , ..W W FU L , #1 53bouOObY 2 G0001UN O1va

elk Y C' AC I IrL A vt R I C At. M ta l C A._ AbbLCIAllLN (AMA)'d d i A r:F P8CPAnED AN<

C V ti k V I L 4 mtPt>4 T bASEJ UPLH CLkkuaT 1.. FORMAT 1GN THAT LAVC ANANui L t- EST14AICL L t- T rit LLCUPA1loNAL AND NL.N-t,C CUP A T I ON ALt t t_ A L F r a Li t-C C IS Ot CUAL, LIL, i.UCLC As nND NATURAL VAb bhMEnATdaEL CinlCIIY. :uCLCAM E.itRGY AND NATUAAL GAS *ELt tST lute D TOCAULd IHC v ti l t i GCCJPAfJUNAL I;+ AlhMCNf5 PEm 100v YEGAa AT TaCLTHILIIY-niNCHATING UNIT s i I rt COAc aN u GIL NAVINu IHCMIGodb1 lieP A la.ot N I S . la O ewLA0 LUtbTIUNS An u DIdCUSSCD; (1)ttLa MUL H t LC C T R I C I T Y WCL IhL U.L. LL Ci t T Y OL*4AND AND (2) dri A TT tCN 4LLULI ES StOukJ b, SL D 10 uLNLR A TC iHAT AMLUNT UFC LE C f k l L 1 T Y / TH ib nCU p 1 FULULtb UN I nti MCALTM tFFCC TS UF T H-LLURCab CF L dCTRIC P L a t >< .

uutb M Ltd T AL 1 T v ; R A ct A T l u'a C APO LJNt ; R 158 ; PCh SGNN CL CAPULukC. AADIATION;

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _._ _ _ _ _ - _ .

/ 0 0 Gd 0 G 1 -6 0 L L l I './ / 1b CuNTINUATICt1 1 PAGE 36.

HA_aiu, * L L a I l V t i H A b l A T I Lid S,FLTY ANs Lu.TMLL;N-ev4Ch, 5AFLTY UFt

A / 0 0 00 0 01 -G U O V ! ! .2 / / 1L_. L 10 t 4 No. O UJu 1 oc hL u b i ' .o LL + A k A T I V ei nILA AihtLLmcNTt., n ( b ) Unti t ' Ji tL UL L u. 1%1

Li 1 eG, NUCLtas u GINa_tk!NL I N IL uf A T IG.4 AL , 2t(J1o). PV. Ib (LEPT.

! '- e 1 ).uLHy ..41G000(UN V 13 3'4 8 % Y Unu Nt1714 ALT L LMH An I Nu e4ULLtAd M15A n iT H THt x i LA GF CUAL burn 140 MAS NOT

rnouunT Acuul Ai 4 Y INCnCAbc 1:4 PUuL IC ACCCPTANCC UF NUCLCAxe i. a t s . nAinLa CU.%s hATIVE HibA a a t.C bd MEN T S n A uf C G.N L YoNT4luLIER LO ub I L t.< 4bu Y TU THE vIrF1CULTIES 1. 4 LILENSING

Cunt-F1kc0 P 6 :u d r< STAIIONL. Iht SL%TINC5 StNSAiIUNAL CLVERAGE.,1 V t * 4 TL CONeA sa T iv C 415s A b s E d::W e t. T a TUD i th MAb "ACULO TOWootic F A-S, emubTRAT104 A 4a slb THUs T GF THE e u .v s n la0USThY AS

ILs ALLC bbl 4C..T SnadLO blV t FULL *tlGNT Tu THCn anLLL". n

La t.JM 1 C . LO s.1 AL , ANJ hd AL I M hILAS CF A FAILUhE IL P OvICEAvcLJatL SUPFLic.b.

,.L 4 s b u t_ w % ;. Y ; 4 1 bA i.s LN LF 1 I VS A 1 LA ;F LLL , Fu bb I L ; LL A L ; t- 4h40Y;UN1TtDA 1 5 0 JL *t

'U/UULCGVI-VU0U1Ia// 17id S I m:4 NO. v U x u 1 O c .c. . sa , tics s i ha r lb.x LF nCJUcT I L.4 1:. LIFc tuCCTANCY FWUM bf0CHA$ TIC

., L m A I I u eATAtlTItb AFTER ACCIDCt.1AL i AD I A T lo N-txet, bu nt (INu trm.w )

.od(b) i r a s han u l J'AJIH s t h. 4F L n E L huh tS cE . . Tx U.4 AAlLERLME, F.h. CEhMANY_ 19c!

:.s AFs-31e! + G .:s hS T< -7 2 u +. 11b FPb, Jc TAdh, / FIGb, u 4EFS,

J U. . t 19 c.1.dAti bLdMANIt Avaltau!LITY - SubAN ul S ILVEL T hC . sLCUMcNT mat 4ACEvs t b4ANCM,

31 V 161 U N LF IEthN IC AL 1:4FuRMailLN L L U CU MtNT CONTsut, U.b..4 LCL C a R M c GU LA IJ :4 Y C OM M I LS I U.., A a b H I.4 G IU N , D.C.

: bud Y c OOOO'! U N 01JJ

CLaC A'n*

.i R Y uwaLI 1.4 sids a T UD iE b t- O R PLA.4 |b CF THC NUC LC A n 1.w uV S T R Y UbUALLY The

N U./.u t k LF F A I A L1 ilib dY RAD 1ATILN INauGLU HEALTH CFFcCTS A4tA bSE 5SC D. T t< Y ANE JIVida INTO "t:. A H L Y FATALITitS" (90WIAttTY6Y aCUIE h A v 1 A T I LN SYdLhuM) ANu "LAT: F AT ALI T ICha (DCATnb OUCTL LEVACela dab CANLcK). Fux THE INsivivuALS Ab WELL Ab FCRI t .t SOC IC TY Ab A .vHCLE SCin ndAtIn ErFtCTS art I'd RAlaCIPLL UFJ 1 F F Cra c N I b l v4 IF IC Ai4CE OCCAUSE Or 1HL CIFFC, TNT 1 I M E .2 GF JCATHa t- T e d 1RnAsleTloN. A l $rs ASbt- S SME N T S .v H I C H GIVE UNLY THE N U M GE WLF FAIaLITICL TMtREFukE Shun AN 1 N C UM plt- T E PICTUkC C t- THCluSEGUENCE cd CA U L E THEY JO .sur CONblUER THE ACC LF THE1..v1VIDU-L5 ,. T fitC TIMC Lt- UtATH. IN THIS RtPORT THC:4 A T HC M A T I C AL :4 LD E L S FCs THL CO uPU T ATI ON OF TnE INulVIDUAL ANDC LLELTIvt R c.) LC T 104 UF LIFC E APtC TANCY FROM bTLCHAST1C SOMATIC; F F t. C T b AFTCR ACClutNTAL N C L C A S ti b LF WAU10ACT1viiY AxtsL'C41stv. LU N Pul A l ldNA L nEbuLTL alTH REGARD TO THE Actalsid10UI!UN OF Thi PCPULA T I LN AkC PHESENTED FCR PEhSCNS LIVINGs LR l '4 6 1ht N u' LC A R ACCIOcNT aNU PEhbONb o Oid AF TC.RW A4Db.I nt R C s Y Tnt 4FudVME W A T hW A Y b , Uk u An A.10 f.U CL I DE S UF THEbCwMAN miSN LTUDY AMC TKEATCD SEP A R Al dLY . A RAW ESTIMATIGN CFIhu sc JuCT 1 U:. IN LIFE LX-tCTA.<CY UUC To THC LATC rA!ALITIESCALCumATED IN inib STUDY lb blVEN.

UwLb PC-< bO t.N F L d o-O LU kC , k AO I AT IC..;d Asl A T l GN EAPCbuhC;nAZARD,4tLAT1VL;b1br;MOLtL, STOCHASiiC;4UDtL, 610LOGICALiAAVIATICNN LU EL ; MU'- l A L I T Y ; FUW h I GN hXCHANuC

0/0000001-C00011b// 16St!UN No. U UCu l t.c i_762 NATIUNAL ACAL2YY LF :aC I C NCE S LUi4VtY UN R1SAS AbSOClATE0 41TH

. _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _

_ _ _ _

J/U00J001-000011L// Ic Ca t.T I NU A r l bi4 I SALE 37

YuCLtAu r>U n t ato k ( S ) ;t.f. H a % ... Jh

%U its om .!ULC Na71UNAL lab.. I..t 1 seul '. L

o PFL, t- r U N 14c0 ANL IOPICAL si t C T ! . o Old THERMAL udACTCH L AFblY ;usr.LAV! Lc, i... APNIL 19c6

%IL AVAILAbittlY - J .R . OULN W4aN , U Ais hivGC NAllLNAL LAM., P.O. bO AY. U A e, 5. a v L t. . T.4 a7bau

IQ LwY c.,0vou

8 T 1 U.. ulac~P LLud FLb. 4 f k y aL, I < A C T tr.1IILAL .< c/ le a L;P I Hei L l itW A T Uk t ethlAlats.b TU TMC alSASa r

| AbhLL1aILU a il et NULLenR LuCCiRIC PLaLR *AS LPCNSLnLD oY T M tiLA MilItL Ui4 a l l i.4 e CL Af 4u HUutIL sut!CY UF ThL NATILNAL ACAOh4YLF :, C l t .s L t L . sLInGULH T HC FLLL ht Pun T ( C U:45 I bT 14 0 GF OVLR 2bLHAP TCH L ) HAL :.U l YLI b E Ltd Pubt!LHCJ, TH15 PAPEh PkCSE.4 T SHIGHLIGttib F 6u M T ilC " S U M fv A H Y ANU LYa T r1L bi b CHAPidd," WHICH AASLhLLALLD 5 C P a. < e l t L Y . LF INE n l b A *.a 4 H L Lt M Abd el TUOL5 C A.4 UEt 51 1 4 /. I E u a 1 IN H t. ASU s.ABL L ACCUHALY, TML .e G L T Sch1LU5 15 Thtt h o :>un t UF FUTuku LLi4Lnsi 10. 4 L Tu ( 14 ) C F H L.* 4CACTO65 ANUn E Ps L LE L L 1 ret. PLA ta T S. PaLLetLTb Aut LLUU Fuk REUUC l % THIS RISALL N L i v L ,A u L Y , bl 4CE Cak LN CAN OC CLLLtCTED At.o LTUhED AS.. A L I C .

'wb ub - I L A ; ~E V lu v i uA h nbr. ; f4 A01 L l sL T ure ; v I N IN G ;U,4 A NI UM ; T now I UM ; F UE LCYLLt;FUf.L R r.P hu C C ',L I :JL ;(-I HC iL Ar:U T Abt ; DOSC ;n ADOa a atL i Ao ILi 1 YA.ALYiILiaALIC d l LPu b A L ; a s.L Th 4 AN a CE .*Er4 T ; T HE r: T / , I V E A S l ON

'/ 0 / U v uG UU 1 -bu v u l I b/ / l '>S S I UlJ ;dU. O bC O I ubo /1

L.. .ULLcAN S Art AY l i. PE k bPC CT 1 V ChuhI5) LIvanLL LPnuiH CnNAILM Lis.L. 197'st LU au ppt, estSt.4 TE e AT THE CANnDIAN NUCLhAR ALEUC 1 A T lb 4

C LN V E(. I l u;. ; lu hur4 TO , CANADA. J U.wC !v-13, 19/vu . b l. Y L JC U L O ; u 10 0 C 0T1in. Lla3f. I % Y LIwACT A -il T NU d 1L r9 Gr' U d d U 4:11 LH ainuta PolNT Tu AN uPIIMUM

wE..U I Tumt (44 N U LLL Ar< S AF ET Y MCASUNLS. A U-PAnTUkE FnOM THISLPTIMUM IN E I T r{ a J l HCC i IOi. AGULJ ntbJLI IN A NJT OVEHALL LOSSUr LAFETY. THE FIRLI FACTGR IN litt OPflM12AI104 IL TNGs t Ln I I U .bt11 P U TatO4 LIVCS SAvco n i.D TLTAL aLotu COST LF SAFETYMALUntb AND HFOldOUhtb IN T HC Nut.LCAn I N D ud T 6< Y . THC

C cuN T C. ~ V s I L ! . .L r AC Tux 1S T ttE % kVINAL CU S T OF PkCVENTI46 04Ash 10!r.o PhcNAIUnd Dt A f M 5 IN Thu COMMUNITY. THE ANALYhlS1. .J ! C A T E S Tn Ar PhESU4 T t APCNu l ILktb UN NUCLtAu SAFETY AGE FAWlN CAttbb LF T t ti Udiidum.

v b4 L. . , L A.. Au A ; PULLU I ! Uc4 I c4 PtHb PL CT I V C ; h xO I A T IGN IN PE wbPtC T'! V E; R I S(;U-TIA14ATILN;ALQTAL11Y;I:vuST;Y, :duCLEAW;PC=ER e t A.47 . r:Ub5ILru L;LChucacn; La bT t J.cp IT

/v / 0 0 00 0 01 -L O G v 11 -,// 2O.55104 NU. G OJ 0 l L 7c94_ T ECHN IC AL NL IE : Pts betC T I VE AND L l'41 i A T I ONS OF L UM P A fs A I I V C

i t A -dL ; .r. F 1 T N US T CF r CC T IVENLLS-

N(5) V l . i C <. a<AUTH Ct.u.laLILN u r- THE dunGPExN COM MU;. I T it h , OkULLdLL, et L b l u.V

1%L1L

. 4 r k 's , ! .U L L E A 4 a ,.F c i Y , a(b), PP. b94-97 ( SE P T -t iL T . Isol)obwY 240000ILN LIL2elkY AD NULARACT LUAN T I P ! L A I I Lc4 IN m1M ALbtbbMENi ANO IN CCST ilbK oCNEF1T

A bal ba Mt* 4 T Lli.bTliUlt A LibNIFICANT 10 IN APPnLCIAT!UN OF a nA TIL " b a r t :_NU L G n" . LCIENTIFIL APPhLACHES IN A :s L C S S I N G bbCIETALeCHAV!UA J. F IN Ul V I >U ALS ANU/Uk CO A U.Ui 41 T i t S n!TH r<dGAND TOnCCEPTANCf IJICATE IHAI GUA:.TIF1CATIGN MAY t: E LtbS m E L 1 A E: L EINAN Cu t t -H I M M ENCF 1 T A LLE S LMEr. T h . THE APPT.OACH IN THIS NOTE

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _

>/cutJool-Ouvblla// Ju LvN T ! WU A T I U:4 I PAbr 33

!! 10 L t- % 1 N i . A bYSTL.nATIC RATHCc Ta ta N INTUITIVE ACCtPTACILITYor M AN- L.< C a T r u n ! bt L .

O e. U b -IM ;utNLFii V5 a l b A i n J A LY f I C A L 1U GCL ; 60C I O/ Pt t I Lu bbP HI C ALLcablaLhni10:.;tm A40, RLLAf1VtEMA4xhbb ANALYblb;tCCNCMIC bTUDYtCubT c .:. aL F 1 I

b/u/0u00061-000u11a// 41.L t.S I U ' 4 tou . GCJL i c /ura)LL tuulTY A .w E L i b LF n!b4 t1 xN AGt'A ci 4 I : T m ADC -OF F S n c t .v LL N ,'Ub L I C

Ar.v C C C he * A l l 4 AL tAJANUS IN . .U CL C a h I NUUbT5.Y 5

lhuk(b) L t ,M L A h v J ; F A G a A.41 e

bHAUin Ct A ut.eTnt U 'L IU Lt 60,4 L ' E V A L U A T I C rs ., C LA PHOTECTluN GANL LEI L L 4 4 t r.L 'LCLtAIdk, PnANCL.

It 1*,c !

*F t.

to 7 HPh. ( 1 ,.L ',. 10 8LF5, t.U CLt An 5 A t:L l Y . 42(b), ehe . a/O-7o( ',t P T . -C C T . a 9 61 )

Li,G h Y cJ00001iLN G 13 2

IN I e. Y %

.t u . V., A

. I n ,. t f v.u!TY c' w Lo L t AL Asldt IN hlSA A A r. A LL >u- N T a HE NC b bH A blTUATILNJubT Ir It a O!VIUlau tnt CAPubcv HuPULAT10N I t.1 U 5PtLIF1C5 Ut.Ln U U F b . TH E ULUAL Pri sC I 1 CC 1N hAJIAi1UN rROT CC T IGN IN THCwvCL An FULL CYCLt, si t i C M COieb I 6 I b MUUvhLY IN O 1 V I J I . .L TMCau UL A l lL 9 1 91 0 lau OnUUrb (PLANI t &LuYCE5 AND IHu Gd NEW A LH u ,'L L C ) . A ;., b u? 1 L S THAL A A t.A bt tit N I LF T nC Pe OTet I tuo SYbTEv FORc At t i uwLuv 1b sdLaT1VELY l e.v t PE hu c NT . 6U T 1.s Tht CALL UtPuuLIC PnU TL LT IUN ALAIN5T k I LA :, AbLOCIATED alTHPhdL5UbliEv-*alCn stsCluhb. ruR cxANPLE. IT IS L h o a.w THAT THIS'iYFL T t it 51 b UF !.4 G LPd NvC N sl IL NLT VALIL AND T H ,.1 T Hbii E AME,lut. lE A C Aa T al SA I W A u t -O F F S et.Tatd4 INE e'UbLIC Aau THE

.;. . ,'L O Y C E d . litib LEAsb U r.E T, out s T IG N THt V ALUA1 IL 4 UF TMCI sr> L I C I T VALit UF A MAN-dicVExT. ULPtNJING ON .w t-t T MC % LNC ISJLsLINu alTH E WLOYetb Uk THC P U I. L I C , FGk TML AN b4E k TU Tn!Su ut b i ! U i. LTWLauLY APFECit TML hebuL1 LF ANY LP f i t.12 A T l u N OFCFUICtb IN hAJ1AI104 -k b I LC T 10.4.

l.M ab wlb8;bENCFII VL W I M ;MA Z ARDS ANALYSid;ALCIDbNi AN ALY b ! b ; SA FE TYA1ALYbiS;SYSTZM AN ALYS I S ;bb C 10/ Ph ! LudLPHI C AL CUNS 1 DEM A T I UN

/b/GOLV001-000L11a// dad b h l L'4 . au . UuJGlo76/9u- vch ! F I C A I ILN uF FAULI Intc A.4ALYS i d VLL. C: TECHNICAL

Jt S CR i P 1 I Lee%h(L) n UItic:A h l O;NcvT J;LAbItJ b>AUTH LCALNLC APPLIC-TluNb I NC . , enLO AL TG . CA. 1%l; U

EWl-NP-lb7L (but. 2) +. ISU ppb, Ib Tabb. <. S F i b ,;e , AAY 15s61IL AVAILsa!LITY - mbbtsnLM r. t r>U N T S CE NT E R . ELECTh!C PGALR r* E b E A RC H

1.161 . , P.O. LO A 10 0 's u , P AL U ALTU. CA L I F . %JOO1 kY 2aL000iILN U 12 C

COUt L AI'

4IhY Ai~ACT *N C LL C l%Ni t INSThUMtNT tiAL c3 b CN DEVELOPED IO blMLLATE T r- b

<tL I Ab ! L I T Y LF C O Mr>L TEA S AFtTY SY S T CMS . USING Ulu!TAL1. J T E bH A I C U C l d CU l T b UN MUvULAh PRINTeu CIWCUIT LoAkub, TO G E T HE fialTh A NLN I T L417 6 MILnOCLMPUIER :., Y L T E M ANU CTHER SUPPCnTm A h u d A r< L , 1T lb eUdsluLE Tu biVLLATL 5YSTEMS CUWGb2. UF UW TCiatNIY 1:euC P LN Ut a i tt,MPU NtN T d T t .1 blLLIGN TIML5 FA5 Ten T M A.,H E e L -i l : .m . xAciIhANY T l i t -OL Pt NstN T hA A;U e:UNLTidNb. COMe)LCx> < F. P A 1 h McChAntS:4S A7 0 P k LC c Du h t. S . Af O COMMON MUvc INTE4ACTICNSAhL I .4CChWh AT Cu INTO THE LYbTEM H ArG a ARE . THIS I N S T r< U V E N T ,

ItnutL L.Wa (E Pi l dCLIAdlLIIY ANJ .*l A I N T A I N A S I L I T Y ANALYZER). ILJLLC4iLLJ 1 r. A TAlu IN I ni S h t P O .< ( it ACH CLNTAINS IMt LCTAILSor T rt; eLECTLUNIu C1hCUIiky ANU S U PPO R T I NG SLFTaAmE. ALu4 PAN 1UN. V t L u *i t I. Gh50<lbtS 1he InCLRY AN u Trt nCSULTC OFL XP E N I N t. 4 T i. FC kF Uh ME D 4 I Its ExMA.

OhJb ACC1sE.4T A N A LY '.; I E ; A C L I D E . 41 MQvCL ; F AUL T ThCE ANALYbIS;FAILUhE.LUvMON vuDE ; LA FE 1 Y A 4ALY SI b ;wCNth I I VL RIbA;AI5%iLuvPUTER,U l u t T AL , H A .* A P-D b ANALYSIL

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-

__ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/0000001-0000110// 23 PAGt 39

;SION NO. G OJ u l t,7 6 /*

C !.h C - It80 0 b T k Y CCUPedATIVL c.F F UW T SEIS S TAGC FOH PauGALILISTICh IL A AS LCbE N LN T LTULltb

UTH L P.41 f.U CLL A A SAFtTY ANAL'fLlb CENIhR, PALO ALTU. CAI%1

Os o PPS, t.UCLt 4< NEWS. 2*(!!). PP. e/-92 (SEPT. !961)LLnY 2200001CN O 13 2

C L o r. EP4iHY aJ NV4C4ACT Trt U.S. NUC LC AR hECULATvRY CLNMISSION MAS JulNEO * ! T' M AtY

I P.UUS T R Y Pt R LO tta t-L TU Ut VC Lure PRuCtOUkE GUIDCS TO dE U5ED f:O APhu6AdlLISTIL kl56 A .% SC S LN CN I S . Thebt PROCEOURCS uuCUMENT THE5 TATE OF THE THC AdT FOR ALL F ACE TC UF PHubAclLibTIC RISAA:v.L Y b ! L AS AP PL l d o IU NLCLEAR PuntR PLANTb. INCLLOCD ARE DATAOtv5LGPXtNT, PLANI Lt,blC MODELS, ACClutNT StGUCNCC.I AN TIFILA T I JJ AND uuALIFICAl!GN. ASS CL54 E N T UF PHYSICALPh0CELShb IN S EV 6r. A CC I DCr4 T S, FILSION PRODUCT ncHAVIUR A P.D THClaIEGhATlu4 LF T r,t bC 1 (E. b TO t- Ga M TOTAL RibA AbbCbbAdNT. THis.6<IICLt ..lbCLS:4 THC PRCJtC) ANJ IChT5 ThE PROCEQURdb.

7Dabb ,G.ldChi vuvLt;ALGlhaI. CUN sd LUL.4 Chb ;R IS A E S A F E T Y hvALUATION3CF L , UL TC,< MI Ni h i ! C ; ACC IDCN I . max! MUM CRCJ13LE (MCA);HA4ARDSAlvALYbIL

b/ (. L 00 001 -00 O u t 13/ / 2,510% NO. GOJO1L7 h

.: .i.U C L E A R ro La AND 4AvIAIIUN IN Pt4 bPC C T I Vt - SELEC1lONS F4OMI N u.L C h SAFLIY10h(L) hvCHANAN JRihAhlCC JAAUTN U As. RIOGt N A TI CN AL LAu., TN

19el(J*

.4LN C O/CR-17a a + LN R L /Nud e G / Nb l C- 161 +. 321 ppb, '4 A Y 1961.

It A VA ILAb lLI TY - NAtluNAL TECHNICAL INF O RM A T I ON StRVICE. U. S.LCPARTMENT UF CO M;.iC n CE , 93RINGFltLD, JA. 22161

GORY O lOOOO 3 230uo u; 1ou000l a:e 0131CbCC FsC

TRY A'GACT TMlb nE V i t.v L O .w P ! L E S 3a AR T ICLES AouuT NUCLEA8 PQwCW AND

ALLUCIATCD R M I A T !U14 MA Zahub Wa l T T 2t. FLA NUCLEAR SAFETY bC Tw tE N19o4 ANO 19cu. A PERSPE C T L VE ON THESE NAZARLS lb LOUGHT SYCLNPAh!Nb f HC4 O Vt: N IndbL LAST to y C,. M S #1TH HA Ah0S INHEWENT1 r. OThER CNChGY U tV t.L OP M LN T l t. Ch. lu LL 61 E b . FLUH APPALACMES TOIFt P h 0 E-L E M AR t Cuia b ! vC R CU : bluLULICAL CFFECTS OF Lua -LE V CLR AJ I A T I Lt. . 8lbA-eCNEF1I CO NCt P T d , NUCLEAn Futt CYCLC kISK,S ASCLAPAHLU elIH 01hER hlSAS. AND INE RELAIluNSHIP MtI*EEN MASS'4 ED I A AND PUtLIC INruRESI.

inDS sLC lu/ P hi Lubt.P MI C AL CON s IOtR A i lON ; ENE kbY POL 1 C Y ; b r4C NGY SGURCE;CL.nP A R I SON ;N IS n.; PUmL I C R tL A T luNL ; PU.vC W GENERATIGN MCTMUD;CLCCrHIC Pow rA , ALTEst.AT c; R ADI AT I ON LFFCCT;LIUxtOICAL

0/0000001-000u11u// cbb b l ut4 P40. 00VOlo74uuC RCbPUNSE 10 INGUIRY CGNCExNING THE SAFtTY IMPLICATIONS OF

CGNTRUL SYSTEMS F A I LUWt- SfauiH U.S. ..UCLEAR 4 tiu 0L A I GR Y COMMISStui4'

19o1y

)lLNxL r.L 4 S %E L LA bu al-ye +. C PPS, t- L h atEK CNDING MAY 19, 1961AVAILA6ILITY - '4 H L . LFF l CE LF PUBL IC AFFA1RS, 4ASHINGTLN, D.C.2ubS5

It2GRY 6 70000 i20000uIGs O IJ ltubC t.RC

10Y ANACT T r1C ACRb RLCLM?h DCO, I t4 A L t1 T ER DATED AUG. 12. 196G. TO THe

N*C TNA1 CUN IR LL SYSTEM mLLIAblLiTY 6C ADDED TU TMC L IST CFUN <C SGL W.O S /F LT Y I Sbuts ec t .4G CO MP I L LO n Y T nC NRC STAFF. T FtuhC S T At- P SUcSEGUCNTLY A,JCD TO ITS LibT OF UNRESOLVCO SAFETYILSUES Ar4 1TLA Ocblur4ATED "SAFCTY IMPLICATIONS OF CONTROLSYSTEMS." 1 44 TNC SIAFF'S DL6CHIPTION GF THis IbSUE, C 4 PH A S I S

_ _ . _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ . - _ _ .-

e / u G O V 0 01 -O C b t.1 1 2 / / db C U 4 T la5U A r l O N I PAGE 40

..,.6 LN A blUmY UF CLTJi nt!L SYSTLM t- A I L URL S Ttt AT '41 G HT DidAbLCL t.F C I Y S Y b I L ..2, .

.o h u ', L L. . T d L L SYSTus ;C ut. T u u t s u,0 ! c4 T E naci l UN ; S AF tT Y L"_ V I C L ; A C n S ; G I L A ;-

,

r A!; UhL , t GU ls i.C: T

'/ O / u O uJ 0 01 -G O v u l 1 :./ / ._ Lt i. b l o N t .o . u vu u 1 o r ac oLi LCAc*lLAIluN W l nt. PHL SC i 41 A T I GN 4T InE IvoO r 4LJE CT ..UCLEARe

d A r- C T Y CaLLLt. VIN. AldMIC AtbCAkvi CE..TLW, KAWL5nunL, F8G,4 L v t- A L c n 26, 1 , c, 0 ( l .4 bCnMAN)

% sin sc U.r:Un CHui.ub ud N T .J. i A A ~ L E R v H L* , r; . h . Ok R M A;4 Yr; I w,I

f LU K F e, - a v 7 0 + b C n ..d R- 7 b v +. VH, r- t J . Iwelom .. 6Ln /a .Iw A V A I L,.c I L 1 I Y - L UL A.. v I L IL VE IhL , LLuuMEN T MANActMcNT 68ANCH,

LIVILILN t r- I c trt . ! C A L I N F u s A A l l L;. L j LLUM E.4 f C U N T T. U L , U.S.. L L L .:. A h NELU A IUn Y LUM *!bblLd, w ,4 d H I S u T O 4 , D.C.

i- G s. s v ILLOOU;I10000;GbuGou;2SOLLO( 10. . u ISIP LLLc undf . f ., Y s.

T,ALI i!ILab t r- I N c_ PA-Ldb G1VcN AaE: I) MUMAN FAILUME: OAblC,*

emaLhM t F N LC LE nh PLACW P L ,* N i b , ) < b LC a 4 T ADVANCLb CF 4LACTGR'e n s ' t- TY a t b E A m C r- 1.. T r :L t.ULLLnW dar-CTY P4UJtCI, 4) N fiL ' S CLNE.L I n a b t A fs C M ek v0 4 A % Aub ITS W E ._ A T ! J . 4 TU CU H k Cl4 I MdGULAlCNYACT1/ITthb, <. ) U.L. ;TC AM CArLUblUN kCLEARCH: HILA st h SPECT I V C- 7.o C APF n l AE.4T AL W E' ,L T L , b) At 4 A L Y f. I L U r- TMt CGunSC R-t(YJu Trn T ICAL CJL M tu T U U e.N ACCIvLNib, o) Tmu edHALE MASb FLLAM t ,. 6 d n t V L .w T S : CLMPAnibur. GF v lFF b kC;4 I v t- T HO D d , /) ETHODS OFFLula A.U b T r.0LT un AL v Y'a n 41 CS A de' L I C u TL PubfULATED L#iACCIUL.w1S, .O 6) AhAbukLAtNTL br- CLAU I b MPC R A Tun d b alTHLur-T-TYPICAL frtihMULLUPLtd I.4 IHE C G a l .w A FnCIL11Y UWEN3LuaDew% W:.bl11LNs.

cunJd huw e r; ALT 0n d; SA Ft T Y PROGRAM;Lunt MCLTOL#N;tAPLUSIGN; STEAM; RISK;nLC1JtNI, H Y ,% T H E I 1 C A L ; F LU.v , TWO PH A L E ;;.'E A SU RC Mt TIT , iCMPCNATURE;M LL avU w a ; Lhh ?.A NY ; F ue<d I ba c ACr tAabc

/0/GbcVOUl-0000115// 27t L ;., l t h NL. uGLGIG? addL .; 4 I L A '2 L t- bril H *1N G PLUTUNIUM nY IautA, IHAIN. AND CAnGO A I RCR AF T, t. s n ( S ) J U4 W. n.,id J F ; A i .J NC W S WUN U I .1 aallCLLc P A C i t- IC i .J n T H A C S I LABS.. WICMLAND, AAr. I 's / ois: LU A .L - 5 A - o n, 4 0 +. 6 PP5, J TAdd, 4 F!bb, 9 nEF b . MAY 197cIL AvalLAv l L I T ''' - Allta.nL IECHNICAL INF u nM A T IUN dC4VICE, U. S.

LLPmifMCNT UF CO M 4E w CL , La w 1. .LF I C uu , VA. 421oIr.u G n Y C .:u v u d ; ''. 6 0 0 L

I i C es 0IL1P Ct UE . NmN|.Y Al~ALI InC A E l r1 CLLtuY UbEU lb EVALUATt T r ti N!dA la 5 H i ess i nG HLUTUNIUV

IS blSCLSSED. I MC 4eIMULULOGY 15 COM Pubb p U r- FOUG dASIC S TE PS :(1) A sclAILt3 UC bCli lP T I UN GF THt T R ANbPO RT A T I G:4 SYSTEM, (2)L L J N T ir- I C A T i t.4 U r- rLLE1HLC AATERIAL k t LE A S E SEQUt 4CE: . ( .2 )2

CvAtuni lLN b r- THE PhGc Au lL IT itib aNu THE CONbbCUtNCcb CF THE"LLCAdEd. Ahv (4 ) C ALCUL A T ION AIIJ A b b tibS M E N T OF THE AISA.

NU4dS I L A N SPU k I A T l ..ie aNo i b.NOL lag ; PLU TL N IUi4 ; ACC 10E NT , PwobadILITY CF;aCCIDLNI At4 A LY L1 C ;n A UI A T IGN CX PObuf.L ; cC.<C F 1 i V5 WIS(;WISA

70/J000001-00GLitc// c.' :,L I G:a NO. L L C u l o ? L t ._u INST 1TUTIUNAL l i '. U L L AF r: .C i 1 :.u T < ANbebh1 A T 10 . Or NuCLEAw

naTERIALLLR(S) hEnLt h I s tu N ,. nEJA U Tri LA.JulA .A l l L :.A m L A n '. . . A b vGLCn ucE , NN

196(.. L4 LA-4UcC-c%Q2C + CtaF colllu-Eo +. / -PS, F6UM e T r1 INIENNATIONAL

LYMPublUn UN PACsAblNG L TAANbwCRTAr!ON OF RAaluACTIVEAATERIALL, N LV . Ivc 0

IL A v a ! L Ab 1 t.1 I Y - NAIlbaAL ICCHNICat INFCnMAT1CN bEnVICL, U. S.C te A4 I Mf_a i OF LO ** vd e. CE , : P n I ; 6 r- 1 C L ; , VA, ch1O1

i____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

)/0000001-000011b// de CuN T !r4U A I IUti 1 PAGC 41

s .G:. Y L OvvGiolGCU.s; JUuouIbi 01a6LouE Aun'

si kY AT n A( T f t C. Lt.l b M.T UF NUCLCa9 vn ten i nLL la THE bb NUCLLAs 4ALTt

h.4,.GL M L:. I P r.U t,d a.o alLL ndCUldE inC LOLJi1ON LF nUTh TECHNICALA..s !..b i A I U T lb..n L N k L. b t C vb . Ttot Itt.usTkY HAL CAulu!Teu 1TSAJ1LIIY TL- StLit list I C L i u l C ,.L P4LLLLMb :1U T T Ht; 1;4 bi 1 TU T IUt.A LP..tso L C A S wLu bl hL L ! r r-li n C NT ArPauAthLs. AbbEb5MtNib ANDu<ALUAi !LNa. T r1 L P Ae'Ln w TL 1 4Lb ihe T RA;4 S Pil s 14 I I ON 1 L CrtNCLCGYLE..IShS (IIC) M utWAx TG I L C. 4 T lt:Y lHt 1;4b T 1 l u i i GNAL ISbuCS, THEat T ilt,CU LLu v LtVCLLPCL TU ashtbb nt*U CVALUATC aHAT EFFECTS Af ELNEn It's nY A., IbLUd ni40 ahAT, 1F A .' e Y I H I N u , CAN aC LUNt AoOUI Ac'AhIICULnW l t d Lt .

4t a 8 vb T % Ai4Sroh 1 A f lir4 Ai,L HANdLlt.6*mlbN;bcC1J/PHILubOPhiCALL Lh b I JL n,4 T 10:.; ku buL A I 10 4. F CUL r* AL ; HJLUL A T I UN , S T A T t- i I 4 A I N ;I na l 414.L ; e AS IE T k A:4bPORInTIUN

'/d/000000 l-OOvulIb// d *>t- 1 5 1 (> 4 4ts . Lo.401L7002L n 15 a Aa4 ALY$ ! Ss

-

r. 1',e i

' t- b4s 95 Wh, e l b4 Ac4A uY b!L. 1 ( 1 ) ( l '> c l ) (PUcLISHCU OY PLLNJM p r< E b S ,

; 4.Y . )

EvLNY C c.,0 0 0 LT L Ui. u ALO,NinY -

.thI r.1 Ai 4InACI I hl b Ib THc r-! ns T IbbLC LF T rtl L J OUNN AL U te a15< ANALYLIS aHICH

1L s. 4 O F t- ! L 1,.L PubL ILn T I LA UF IMt SCC 1tiY FLk AISA A.v A L Y $ 1 S .A9T1CLth 1.4GLUs J 1 'l TMiS IbbuC 1WCLUUL* Ltd 1 Hei GUANTITATIVtL L t- I f i i T 1 ut. LF h!'A3 t..t M LY PhuvutTlu.. xI54b: anAT PC kbPCC T 1 VEb N:ULD AC i nr Z 7; utLULAIIUN LF CaRCI.4ubkas ; CST I MA Tto CA;4CERR ISA ab bdCl A IC L A I T #1 UCCUPATIGNAL AboELTOS E A r> LL Jh ti ; aiSK INa t. .C F l i -CU S I a r.A LY a l b ; A 4.) VnLLC LF A L !r t * .vHAT UlFFihhNCEut L S IT MAALY VnRILub C AMtNTb UN TdE ARTICLeb AND Lt I TCR S TOI nt tb1TLh A e r' INLLusCu.

,,u k ub s IL A ;i.UN Cn IC AL M C I r 6LJ ;C A nC I N GLEN & C At.CE k ;MURT AL I 1 Y ; R tGUL A T I ON ;LudT A Nnf- l I ;C NE nLY PLL I CY ;PO4cA PLAN T . NUCLEAn;PCwd4 PLnNT.FobblL FUCL;tuvPAhILLN

/a / C O GG 001-00 0 011 b// avC',E l b 4 ..U. ULAULLO%UdLc slaAb W L b L L A TI o.5 ndbHONSlblLITlCd A .wed CObTb IN NUCLEAN

# A a ,nG t % . 41 . A .'nCLix1NA ,Y SLRvuY IN THE t uk uPC A.4 CLMMUNITY' id b ( L ) LbtLaLAI b ; U nv 10 JL ; a T T .d ni ck NCc' T U I r1 C b...:.,1 s u l u.4 U r- TisC cukUPEAN CUMMvN I TIL S

_

1900. 'e

U tW-ov)a SN, r- R +. 3/ PPS. * IAuS. 19 rit F S . 19c0IL A%nlLnd!LITY - CuWUeEAN LO mMLi41 T Y INrUhMATION b t-< V I C d . 4100 v

ST.. N . ;* . . S UI IE /07. .v A L H it4 b T L N . U.C. 20047_LUhY evouG;01000vI I Lie v 1.3 0

CULC dALa

.InY UI'< n C T INDUSTRIALIZLJ SGCICTIES A4E AWARE GF THE NEED TO CS T AtsL I SH

sulTAcLt CuNIsoLS TU PHOTtCT THE tNVImCN;4CNT AND rnEIR CI T IZ EN St ,L M Ts1L kILAS UF PGLLUTione; C L:. T H CL b MAY bE T L- CM.4 I C A L UhI Na t ! T V T ILN A L. 1 EALLY, THE UCvdLLPMENT LF cuTH TYPE 5 CFuvi.TnLL E r tGU LJ r> h U C C s.J la PanALLdL Su TtfA I TMt T C Ch'41 C ALPhtt Lbts Ct. PLY el ire THt SAFtTY t.nlIC91A LAID DU4N IN THEIN51IIVi(UNAL LJr.Ta Le b A :.J . LL. eV E R Shw Y . SC T MA I TattA s t I N I a T n A l I VC . LuGAu AN. F 1.. ANC I AL 1CAbu4d5 aHICH T Ht- LATTCntusPNISE HAVt Vauls T C u tci l L AL wa: la. I rt i b APP A L A Cit. IT vu LT,.

.L AsvlTICv. Hna . 01 a tC t. ALuAYb t.LCr8 tea 1.$ THE S E L T u ri C UFINuuSTRY PRL vU CI 40 rutLU T Ar t T S. THE dbh uF NULLC ri CNERGY ALSUP4LLUCLS M A l t"< IA L b . LUME OF a rt l Ct s LAN .: E AECUVtstD ANU DURNEDAS FULL. SOU hc r- S G r: N A a l AT i ds. Fuk ThtaAPY. CTC. u T ttt i.< S . ATL ALT CN Tht n AS IS UF Tr1t P% c aC.4T TECHNOLUbY. art Uf 4US ArsLE :IMCid PLLJVCIb C U..S T I T U I E R Au l L AC T I VC aASTE. T rti b .vaSTE MAST ,.a 2 L t.C'4T I A L CH A R AC I L r< ! b f I C a * (1) Ra010ACIIv!TY AND (2)CAatINCLtNILITY.

( _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _____ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_

;/OOLvoul-00Gulla// .50 CLNTINUATIU:4 i PAGE 42

v .. J S nibs; ntT_ v b,'U5a6;LUkVLY;LLLI a.wLYbib;fiCGULATILN;aAbit.,:.w.GCaiLt.1

/0 / UU U0 C O A -GO c o t l a/ / 31CS'IU'. i.L . O u A O l c tsc o dL. LUW A.<Y ..r 1sC Rits AbsCbdMtNT A4DE LF THE TRANbPumT OF

r%U l O. . l U M 41 14 A rtThak(b) C rit C A C N JCnP auTri UAAtA 5 A r- h 1 Y t, REL1AcIt!TY U i s t C l u n A I r. . U . r. .IC I S.* OHL .

70 nu a l 's / + LX db.s -a c, +. 22 PPS. e FluL. 4 dCFS. GCT. i t.s e OAAL AVAILALls1TY - b bb A:4 LiblLVdbTht, OUwu>t'4 T M ANatt %N T bhANCH.' v i s i b i t . .s or Ic Cm:41C A L If.FON AT1oN L J L L U'4 t N T CU..TNLL. U.d.| . . u t t'l A s nLGOLAfunY C ut4M I LS l O N. * A S nl . 4 G T ON . v.C.ILGuid bauG00~J,000L.

11 I L.. vlau<P LevC VAAJNIhY U87ACI r%PF 'i P t- t. b t N T S AN ObERALL Vita LF THL xlSKS INVOLVtD l iv2

TsA;.b rGr il;.0 P LU T u a l u a N I TM A T' F n o ta JGUNREAY TU vlNaLCALC. THE.' n t- S r. : . T A I I U t. IL GI11veu li.TU S E V E r. v i S T li4C T HAR f 3 d h1 Ctt A f* C+LVLMCieT. C h i f CT< 1 A . PhucelLITY uF nu P tux E . CONLLLUCNCbs OFC TALL, ca u N 1 T L.< tr.G . OCCLNiAAINAI1CN ANs C O.u C L U :., I U N S .

r as Abb U..! I JU rs A "400 < a ; 6 *L v T Uh ! U M ;b c:4cF 1 I vb n[LK;FLktIG.4 E ACHA.4GC ;s toleHE A Y ( L M r-SF. ) ; a I N v5 C A Lc iL cCON I n.w li'4 A T l u N ;F< I S A

/ /a / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 011 b/ / 3J.LsLIUN NC. L e s o l o L L 1,.,

L ;._ s16A '4 C i i fD O b tu GY FUk GC u LJ b i C DIsPULAL UF M Ad 10 AC T I VE aASTE:bcNbl T IV 1 (Y k. AL Y b l ,s UF IHL L N V 1 s u!. v t N T A ._ I ,< Ai d .2 Pu s I MUOLL

6 ra k ( b ) r.LL I uN JC ; 1.* m HLstuu f n LA.4ala cea T I Li.A L LAaS.. ALuuGuCHUiJUC. NAt 1900'L 6

10 J acn c G/ C h-l o d t t Vu L. c. ) + SANu 7'i-1393 +. 225 PPS. T AU S .- F I C S .WhFL. JLC. Iweb

.!L A VA I L A 11 L1 T Y - N A T I Ui. AL f tCHr41C AL I Nr:0 AM A T I GN SCH V ICb . U. S.vCP % s I:n C:4T u r- Lu MMd aLd . .Jen 1. .LF 1 t LO . VA. 221o1

Lucky c2000u;l4OubuI10 4 G130P CLJt AUn.'a r n Y a

iNACT AL5uLTS ARE M<tSCNTCv FkLA A btNbliIV1TY ANALYSIS STUDY MO L tiLvtstLuetu T u 4CP hC 5ci4 T T he bu,-rALC mu /CMCt4 T OF HAD I ONUCL ID ES .I t .c b l u sY MAL TaL PuhPOSd5: (1) TO utVELOP A CAP Ar.:. I t I T Y TUe* t m F U h d LLNd IT IV iIY a mL'rb!S U t- 116 MLDLL AND (2) I NLU ! REI 4L1 usiT a 1 i t: WtSPtCI TO vat <lAuLCd VH1CH INFLUCNCE PscutCTICNSLF InL NUsi L . T r it FuLLun!NG I NDE P d.'4J Ar4T vwRIAuLCS A '. EI NT nouuCdo: 4iVtm 3 Y b T O *.S . AND xADIJNUCLIJC PR OPrik T I E S ..> t-*L 4 JC ia | V A b l Ad L E S A ,< E : (1) hAvlGNuCLIJt CONCENinAT10N. (2)vidLOLVCJ %.Llu4LCLlutS n. 4 G (3) -< xD l b i4UCL I Ot CONCtNfsATION INS uw F uc .AfC,.

..dn ud m 1 S4 ii.U.C w 1 C aL M L T r-U v ; W A d it J ! dPO S AL ; LNV I m uNmE N T ; a.4 AL Y T 1 C A LMLa t m i c toLGV y ; MJ C A 1.N HC- A r.

/u / G 0 00 001 -00 0 01 I a/ / 335L it s 4 NG. O O J u t tta e l l

uE LWL i.VCLtAn F oc L-CY CLE ACC1OtNI R1S4 AS5E SS MtN T. Ivet-

t,

7 <- P d . S F l u L. 11 REFL. NUCLEAR SArLTY, 22(3). PH. J J 0 .3 0 6s

( . * A 'r - J U . E 19c!).ou"Y ._ c,O u V O i 1 ,: G u O sI I L 'e U l J ts4I N Y a

u -.ULAnACT TrC Pn2 SC.4 T ,-ti '.U L I L LF Ttt NU CL E A r< F u tiL-C Y CL E ACC1LCNT 4(SA

A L:.,C b b we .T CC.4uUCTdJ nY Ih: CLECThlC POaER RESEAhCH INSTITUTCSNe a THAT THL ICIAL nISA CLNIRiaVTIGN LF IME NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLEId L t. L Y Ars% t % . I ?. or THt ACC I Dc,. T dl5A OF T HE Ptadta PLANT;rit.4 0.i . alTH L1 IT Lt tHHUR. Thu ACCidhNT RISA LF .NUCL2AR C LE C TRI CPuaCd IS ChauNTIALLY THAT OF ThE PUaCR PLANT ITStLF. THCe>CnEk-PLA.iT a l LA . AbdVMING A VEkf L An GE USAGt QF NUCLCAR PonER

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ._

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

J / 0 0 00 001 -00 0 01 1 a / / da lor 4TINUATIGN 1 PAGE 43

_, Y 1:1t f L nk JO U b , I; ONLY nP Ph.> A . 0 . ; >. UF T M ._ NADILLGolCAL WISAb r- 4 A IU s AL n-C %bLJ.v. Itil b al A L L a C L E LF T HC. r uCL -C Y C LL- 61bN. . . t A T 1 v r. In setC Puata-rteNT is I a 44 Y aC art 4lauTEL Tb THE LA CAi.c 1.JIC-.. L w ur OY IU Da lV L Af 4 ACLivLNT ANU 1HC S '1 A L L aMCUNT OFi>PCe.dloLL m TC n ! AL . T hl b aUSA AIAL AT A RcAtibi!C ASLCSbMENTv

w r; I ttt ro u t E :.3 M A c '.n a b , IH. t F t- t C T I V L :4 tbs U r- C U r.F I NC:4L.4 T ANOt1i!CAItv e. ; Y ?,T t N b n:su EbLCCuUhcb, A . .J THL ndbut1ATCaLisCLlhLou L t- L-Q U.4 L ANs TME E b i l A ,. I C J bl4C LF h4 suds.

= U .. u S niLA;FLEL L Y t. t ; nCC 1 vtT4 I st PN 1 ; '4 lid I NG ; # ILL 1:40; FULL rsLPNULdSSINC;uteCisit evuts ;T H A;4bPU4 i AT IUN ANJ hA N JL l :46

''/d / 3 0 0 0 0 01 -0 0 0 G 1 1 b / / J 's,.C L L 16. . 40 . ubJV1Oc,nLYl L.: .LLLCnn e'L A t a PUIIINY IHL -s 1 D A L INIU P E t4 b P C C T 1 V h]NL.4(s) .r t. A I L L Y N ; *A Yl.t ar< v 4V. . > t. u T I t u: 41 v . J r- Lv N w : ., U.a.t' t l i s. Ii

,'t t-

16 10 ppb, 9 F1lb, Criu c RCECAhCn, Nu. I1, PP. a1-40 ( J Ai d . 1%1)I howt Y JUC00.I1u4 G ILv,.!ky U, I ;. n (. I u ALL l ti h C /4 lli CUULU 1 o. PP I:4 L l e'L L Ut C AU bC u uY HADIAllON,

etunAPL r . s u r. 4AJluACT1Vt v A T t e4 1 A L ', IN M i c4 U I; LuANTITIEL. 1T IST r.L n E f u es c 1 l FG n ! A , f lid ALLATICN fu PVACK x C A CT LRS IG bHUa THATLtVtLL C t- i< A v! A I l uN AtwJ habIUACIIVIIY ARE ,C 6CT4bT n AOL Y t:C LU #,d.LcsIAcLe u tv L S. IHib L L.4b l Ut n A TI O N RcCulntb A DEFINITION OF.v r W I lb ' A L C :. e l A U L L ' bb li t A I PLAtel LA N SE CunstbPLNDINGLYa _b l 6. . t v , ANv LAftw I N V O LV ii S Tht E ST ad L 15 HME N T UF AN AoEGUATC%. I I Lh l:.u P r v L,< A A . Stia bl i l vi, INSThuMENTS CMCCA THAT ST A T ION.LhAixL ht LE IV C U c.L Y L o ri OUSCL ANL inAT TME FU6LIC ENVIRGNMENT1 :. Lu c-nLTLCIEv. lHC FULF ILLMcN T GF T HE SC xELPUNSIblL1 TIESs LL Ul b L b W t b LA r,C r-t IN *ATttMAflCAL, PHYb! CAL aNG bluLOGICALLLikNCLS. I r.1 b nW11LLE LU I L 1..L b LNC vR I=G EXANPL tb UFm CLti v A., I kcStAkCn 1/4 TMib F I c;L O AT nthKELtY NUCLtAML An L < A T l ... I C L . (pan)

.. L . < n u. a l I fi a A I NG u t;4 ;.4-vu . C H , L A t-E T Y LF;nlLA;h ANO U PnOGRAM;sAa1ni 1 U:. IN P tk brJC C I I V E ;U UbC ; C ANC CR

/ V/ 0 0 00 001 -00 0 01 l b/ / JLt ;;., L 1 b l . NU. uvad1tccUoLC La T ttC RELAT1UN UF V nN I U U'3 HtiLIAoILIIY MriASUhEb TO ti A C H OTnER

a.% IU OAMt IritO.<t I ((. VALJthr 10, L a ) 2. T b i P vhP*O1M L A. < U I A -4.1 1L,..A L L ,*u b . , A Lbu GUC H LUt , N .4: INuli .

.3 . <bn C G /th -l e t: u + S A. 4 s o0-20:4+ +. J3 sPS, C FIBS, 10 REFS, JAN.1 ', e !

IL n%AltavlL1TY - NATIONAL ItCHnlCAL INFUA%AFlON SC4VICc, U. S.vtP An T ,If;4 T OF LJ ., 4E R Lt , bHRINGF1LLO, VA. G 1ut

ita r Y 2cuvLVf 1 O c4 0140

CLCC *vAs

at4Y AINACI A VAkitTY UF 4 ha bu.4t a i A VE w tLL:a l L Y attn r>nu PG b t U FGa $9CASURING

1tt. .< *. L A T I V t I .<P U s T A ce CC LF INL1V! DUAL CJMPCNENTb iN TMt GVERALL4tLIAclLITY t r- A b YS T EM . SCVthAL LF THESE S t C M I a cL Y DIFFELENTT4t A SU h E L Abt V Eh f CLabCL Y NtiLA T ED UNvCh THE C O N u l I I O N *.,TYHICALLY nL.asCO IN THE RELI AUILI TY m!TCnAILhC. THt 4ti AS UR ESA es t ALbU Gu'_LY htLAltJ fu IHL PhvuAoILISTIC VALULL LF GAMCTtCLNY.

sowJS stLiAMiLi1Y, CuMe>ONL t4T ; < I S A ; AN ALY T ICA L T:;i C M:41uutiLAMC T MC U A Y ;t1 JC A ;. .s c - A;. ; .-t L 1 Ac I L 1 T Y A.4ALYSIS

'u/ L U ud OO l-Ob u bl 1 a/ / .3 t,eLIUN .4u. VOAJltocO/

__ sibN W i nL UL Lu uY FLN G tiu kLG I C UlbPCbAL OF AADluACTivt NASTE:ntYMPlullt P .- O e t e< T I C b :., F THC t.9V ! 4u N.* E N T A L T,< A:absuR T MUCtLs

iG i s (b) rt:. L T U.. J C ; I M /= 4 WL;ORL N Je'AVIH LAeviA . . A T i b i .A L LADS., A L::, U G UC h L U b , NM

1901

4Lk t- b/ C H-l ua o( VLL . ..) + SA NJ /9-1906 +. 17; PPS, IAab, FIGS,.

___ - - - _ _ - _ _ __- _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - _ - - _ - _ . -

_ ._

;/ov03OO!-COOOlla// ac CUN TINU A T ILN I PAGE 44

r ". 19c!IL Ava!LAtiLITY - :4 A T it.4 AL ICCrtr.lLAL lige O A M A T IG.N bei A v ! CC , U. S.

s t r A n l .'< L . I ur (.AJ m d n t e , Pn l .4LF ICLO , sA. 221L1( 0 C.< Y J .;,0 o O b ; I -. 0 L U tI10.4 v 1,, o

IP Li ut AvA1. , T * Y A

TAACT I hc % s i n L.w Mm.4 I A L T n ANSPt,A T >.U s t L IS A CUMPAsTMENTAL MLLELvt<CLLeLu IU 9tP nLLL 4I Tit Sont ACE Mu v CME c. T Le R A D I U t.U C L l D t S .T en .30 wuS iF T P*t P , t b C ' .1 L TUUY !L iO 1.4VES T I t A I d TMEAdvePlufit J ..r t -V l u d uF r a iC MobtL A Ns TU ACGul4c It.b l GH T alTH. S e ti L I It a lE t t 6,L H A V I CW AND The VAnlAbLtb .s t i l C h Ir4FLUtNCE IT.r- t o t.Un V Ah I A T l u 4b vF a NYPuTHEIllaL hlvdA ndCCIVING A, -U l i H.U CL I UL J 1 s L H 4 h b.~. , The FQLLuolNb PAUPenTith AFC;. Lt. L 1 vt h C L : s sds IC 1.:v A LY VP Iul I C VALUtb F Le< E N V i n'Ur4 Mt.4 i A Ln Av l o r,d t.L i s ti C LN s.t 4fnAliv4L AND TIMd stQulhCJ Fun ENV INUNM EN T A LwuAU40ttist LLwt4TRATILNb IL h ta Cr t 9 L4 U f- ItiC I R PhDICTEDn Lv :4 P1 L T i t titutb. I N J t 0 t c40 tfJI V A n l a c Lt d UF Iwo (YPLS ARE U SE DTU UC F A t.L CALH V xx 1 A i l ui4 uF Inc 4 IVEk : V A k l A b L t:.3 WHICH UtFINEP nY L I C A L PkOH.nTICS LF f r t; alvdh dV5itA (C.G., SGIL uCPTH,sivCn v l u. n A no t A 40 LdulaENT nc L u bee.. S I O:4) A.4J VdIAOLCS WHICHLuet% I c AaoIL.auCLivC MsLedaTILS (1.t., alSTwlodIIONu.t f t- i t i t. 416 J . LC4d1iIVITY mienLY b 15 T .iCHN I GUc b 2ASCL UNs lL P .41Lt GC u e. Lb l o. 4 'w C USLO To ucTCnMINt THC DLMINA.4IVasinhtLi I .4 f i ud N L i t.u T h t_ tL t.A V lu m OF l t id MGUEL.

<abnsb ,LLKi4JMLk1Ca. MLlHCJ;bEuLU6Y;aASTc d1SedhALiAt4aLYTICAL MODEL;cNViNLWMt.I;14A.4'Puh8;HJG ;LUAL, n A )1 L..UC L l vd MOVdNCNT TNWUUGH;i nt - A. .

//O / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 v i 4 a/ / a7.t . S l ut. .40. uuAL1outUu'

.*

'Lc I L rs li T r iG Lu u.) bY FU.s bEULOGIC LibPGanL Ot RAO!GaCTIVE *ASTE:n

MLvCL vtbCnlPrIUN ANJ USER MA UAL FCR PATHWAYS '40 ,C L'hu4(b) tit L I U/. J u i ts A Lb l'4 t h et# AU lit S n..D I A a s T i h..A L LAub., aLaVGULnLUL. i4ML luol

>L *i.O .' .Uh C G / L k -16 a o ( VO L . !) * EA NO 76-1711 +. 170 ppb, TA65, FIGS,

A AHCe t 19 P. lIL AVAILaulLIfY - Na r IGNAL ftCHl.1 CAL INFO WATILW SE.4 V I CE , U. b.

ute A TMLt4T br CUMMdRCE, wklNLrlCLO, VA. a2161ublM Y 2;O000i1*40U0T I L. 4 U 13 0P CouC aLAr4 8. Y

T ;. A L I i. AJCL i- i , k Iri t CNV l ubNM t_I4 T mL M O V E ML.4 T AND MuuAN UPTAKE GFn AU l J.= U C L t dL '- 1b W cSCATco. TMIL MO u t: L lb U t S I G;4 A TED TnE* ThnAYb-Tu .,A.4 NUJLL Add 4AS UtVELUPcb AS PAmT UF A PRUJECT

F UN u d u EY TnL T4U CLC A d WCLULaTORY CCMNISblON IO LEdibN Aut f NULL %LM 10 AadLLa IHL dids ALLCCIATc3 41TH THE GCCLOGICarbeOLAL Le a;1LM uzivut HADlusCIlvt aabTt. ImE P A THN AY S-T G-M ANacuc L 16 cl v IJt0 1 'a T U I4L Su o ML ;.L L a. L.wc LF THtdd, ThECNV!4UNMcWTAL In a.4b PU N T 3.u uE L , n PNCStc4TS THt L Ct.6-TE W MD I bi d i ca u l l ut. A : .0 ACCUMULArlCii GF R A u l O.'.U C L 1 0 c 5 In THcc NV I n ui . ..F. N I . Tn[L 3.LUCL 1L sASEU CN a t i l X t J -C ti .L APHHUACH ANDU t '., C R t u C b ,A ILNUCLlud MOVLMLNT a1Tm A S Y S Ic.4 OF LINEARu IF r;lk t N I 1 A L eLUAfIUNS. T lit OINLH, IHC TRANSPukT-IU-MAN MCDEL ,:<CP9 tSCi4 f 5 T s c MLvCMENT t.F R AU l b.40CL I U E S FnOM T ric L.4V IGUNM EN TIU MAN. TitI S MuuEL 15 ts AS CU ON CONCCNTAATIUN sATIOS. GENERALsLLLatPTIONS OF I t 1C Std MOttLS AhC PAuVIDtia IN Th1S hCPChT.FJTmtn, vU t t.M LN T A T I ou IL PRLV1vEU FUR THE CL.W UTEn PhCGkAN# NI us t ! @LLM i '4 f 5 I r tti PAihdAYU MCuck.

mavd . a d A ; .=U ve n i c ,4. A._ THus ; 6c cLUG Y ; a Ad re OlbeOSAL; ANALYTICAL YO L tiL ;mCEvunc 6 A t .U A A. U A Lb ; C NV I k vNME N T ; A A J 1 L AU CL I ot- UPTAAC;HJCK;4hC- Ar4 ; LG IL , RAOluNUCLID MU V tM E:.T 1HAUUGH;5u!L, RADIONUCLILE,UVC Ad;4 I T r'h LU Lr1

#0 / Ou v0 v u 1 -0 0 0 01 1 a/ / acLLILN 40 . L LA O lbo ts

.t Scrib ! T I v 11 Y t 4; RISA F A H A .+_ T E W S Tu HUMAN canGnS I4 ACACTURb /,F E T Y tTUDY F Un A pan

uk(L) LeaANTA P A ; H v4 L h c ; S .s L3 G vA AL*AU T r t o nu b M 1AV Ud N nT IUaAs LA3., UPTGN, NY

I 'so 1

.. ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - _

> / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 001 1.2/ / ae CONT 1.,UAi!LN 1 PAGE 45

. U'< F u / C s - I c 7 *. + s.7 L .1 U 7 C v - b l .,i L +. ICS PPS.. FIbb, 4tF S , JAN.1sce

IL n M I LAu lL I I Y - N n l lO. I AL ICCNNICAL t hF Un*1 A T 1u:4 S L .; V I C C , U. S..sv a,4I 4 wl Ut LL . A E n s . . tPhl%uP1LLU, VA. 22101

LGOhv ._ . v 0 J C ; s,1 O V O u

! I l (- 7 L 14 Le. P Llor udU. J I h y ASTAACf LCNL1IIVil1: LF isit alLN P A f : A nC T ti i< b , E MC e4 Lc N C Y bAFETY SY LTt M* -

U P. A V A I L s. . l L I l l L L , ALClod..I Scut 1CwCC PnULAb1LITICL, t<CLdASECAftuLhv e't*Lebic!TI b A .~ .L CL t. w VLLT PHLuAb!LI3Y NLh21 f.t.bT1LaltL t LW C a t -c.GC i> IN IHE H U:+A.. cu a U.s wATEb a1ThlN THEi

| o t_ .nAL ALIenutLdb! CAL F - A Ac .. U n A vF Tht <tACTUM SAPCIY bTUDY(nab) F La a eacbSv41 c3 e. A T t s htACIOh ( w .. R ) . I v.d A L T OF1 .viVisUAL n oM A.1 E n t.s Ch b ataE A bbt.5Lt , LOTH IN ICnvL GF T ME lhLlhUCIUhat 1,-P L.< l / NC : Io CunC MLLI a. , U .4CL I Ah IL I T Y 1.4dU7TANCEUa LLNc wtLT e>huuAoILLTY. I t 'L H v M A.4 CWHUR SCabiT1V1TYn Lb C bb NE. 41 LP A r.H (4tbAP) CUMPUTh9 CGOt dab dal[TCa FLN T H T_P un PW>E LF ftil 5 SIU,Y. (.U k E MCL1 PNvnAO1L1TY P C ,< HEACTon YEARa., rv a d L t i o.41 F I CA., T t , .c n t Abt alTH Tit 1.N C n E A d m I.. TMt HUMAN-

r'hLa W A IE S , d ul vIs ;4U T S t lu .. Sim1LAh wECREALE WITH InCu Chb ~Lt IN It L nU M A!4 ti . i nL * x A l' b v u.; TO TMt vuM l: A.NCC OF T H F.r i a. u a A n t r A 1 LU +-ti a .

( .vc u in ',laA;-CALTUN. r> m '< ; b Y b i h A ANALYblL;Cb1PUTCH PhuoRAM;PCLIAoILITYA.ALYblS FAULT InLc A.4 AL Y b i b ,CUh L MLL TDd.4 N ; F A I LU h t , UPhWATGRF nh uh ; ALC l uh ..I , dhu 3 Aa li. I T Y L r: ; L A f- d i Y AN ALYS I L s tiJ C A ;NRC-4G ;. %- A a

?/ u / O u uO OiJ l -OO iJ u 11 u/ / J%.Ji. d l L 4 .4L. v u A J 1 t b /'> e *

|L; A LauC I I L:. 1,4 4tACTun alb% LY THC MITluAllGN LF nC L I O;i N IC Li 4 LC L u t a lc. L

' Hu ,< ( b s vc..4ING ts b ;( Yn LL b A l S PzvAU T tt mi1ELLL (.U L L/4 h a b Land., t>H luL lucl

>L ieU o PPS, 3 T an L, I t- 1 0 , 24 stFa, NvCLCAR aAFETY, 22(2), PP.

I Lc / (vARCh-APnIL Ivel)TLC 9Y ._J,0 0 0 0

iILtr GIJOed Cisc h LAFINACT AFPnGAChCS A rst _ C ,v, A l . g O 10 NCsvCINO T est pouLIC k l S ts F A O V.

.uCLCAn PL .v C n rtd a C r o h b UY Ub lN u 'i A t:ETY SY L Td MS TO C O. . T R O L THEC U4 L ubU C.'.Ct a UF C U.< L *1L L f s G .V., A C c 1 vE . 4 l b . MF Ctt ANI SML THAT COULD.

LusD IU FAILLR L t- T NL L NIAINMC..I AnC IDCNTIF!Lv. L NG I NE EW tib5ArLTY h_ A l u -t b Ant ladN J d ., LH l o C D * t t ILH aGULD ntDUC= THELl<s LIhuuL Or CdaTAIN.dCNI FA1Lukt Lh HEUUCC Tr C budLCOUCNTnLLZAbc .,F isAD10ACTI/ITY TO IHe L:4 V i nUNMtN T . TH: POTENTIAL F0 F<t LsvC I nt. 415A 15 ALLdbbts ANv Ib FCvNO TO SC S ib.41F IC AN T FON> v A ti .2,- F E I Y F2sfURca. HL EVcd, IU AddGUATELY ALSdSS T HtiF .ILNiiAL %L LU C T lir. IN 4ISA, A bY b TLuIIC ANALYb15 UF SYSTEM1. .T t W A C T I La b *1Ud 1 .2 C PtkFUhMt;.

aunUS ACC1uLNT, CL-d a ! SAUP T I V t; ACCIuEm T , CO4bCuu2NChb;niS4;MAZAWDSA../ L Y ., I L ; CGH L kcu TJu na ; 5 Ar d T Y AN AL Yb I b it;;JV I N LNMCN T

/L/0000001-000011u// 40t '.2 5 1 a N NU. QGXOlbbh.LLm h i bK . FCAk ANU PUbLIC S A F t; TY' ajs ( 5 ) bluvsLL t'AUTM nTLwIC tNChLY LF C A 'J AOA LTO. ._ 19cl

N2 bv H F> b , APHIL 1961IL nvolLAblLily - A Tu't ! L ENLhbY CF CANAOA LIO., LNU1NCE,1NG CG.,

N.Ew! VAN PAHA M_ bt A r< CM C O MMU.. I T Y , Albb!SSAUGA, vi4IAxlO LDNIH2;vowY ;sCouuIIGN LIJJ.T h Y LT4 ALT A 'ATlONAL AH2h0AcH IL P UU L l e 5 AF C T Y , 1:4 7 R UO UC tiJ l '4 PR VIUUb<

*tR$, 1S Dti v i L LH LO . Il .J< I N ab LU T IHE FACTusb NH ICli ACULDPLh M I T A hCASONZO A b bE S S wai.4T Le T Ht: InUE GVbHALL |MPwCT U t;i t- Cn a ut bo l C A L AC T I v I I I E b U .a SAFbTY IN A P4Ebd.4 T OAY CO M'4UN I T Y .A MdTmLD OF Ld i l M I Z l ,NG T e iC UVLhALL LAFtTY PLLICY AN> PdnGh A*4 IN

_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ - _ _ _ _ - ._ -_. _ - - - - - -

/0000001-00001is// 4L CUNT INU AT 10:4 1 PAGE 46

A LuLICiY, Phl.AhILY FRUN fitt v i:d a Pu l 9 T GF f t1E C1T14CN NATMCRtren N I tit bLunCL uF N i b4 , Ib LUTLINLU. THE T .iUE 19 PACT CF AfYP1 CAL I t L N i wj Lu u l C n L AC1IV1IY UN vuuL1C SAFLIY lS SHuaN AS A%.stL. EkoM TMlb II CN4 ist LLEN T riA I I M.I H b lb A. INESCAPAnLt.4 tt D r; L h AN v 1 h l A *.2L u duANflIATIVL abbtSSMENT GF SvTH i< l M S ANDanF C TY uLNCF 1I L, 0904 .v H I C H L A r- C I Y JtCl$1ONS C A. . LC LAbCD.P Ai< T 1 CU L AN LiA NT 1 T A T 1 VC AbvCCTb LF n1S4 AND SArdTY cdNEFITS INauk bucit.IIC: A n c. UL v t L L Pr- U l '. blA Ar+CNd I CC :.3.

st ik va LLsi 1.CNtF 11 en A4 An as ni.a t r b l a; n i ss ; Sn F tT Y NC v l t ,, ;S LC 1 U / P h I L U S u,' r i l C a t LLNblsLRATILN

/6/ Gut 00C1-C00011S// *1* L IUI4 NL. O L A L 1 t,0 79 4

_t 41bN 1.i a C u t P LC x LGLICTY: A AA4bH b ACLENNAN PVuLIC OPINIONbLn'v .i Y

*n b T h 'WM NULLLan w r42 vt T A N i b , NYl '/ L vs

1 APr S , DULLtTIN WU. De JUNC 19c02J ob

IL A V A I L a:.31 L I T Y - M L M NULLCAd C O N b u L I A N T '., , 12._1 AVdNUC LF T nfitathlLAb, N L ., Y O n rs , NY lLuiO

nowY ,f s0 0 0 0 ; G I O Q u o

i10.4 LIdb4fnY UlVACI A ',1 U L Y uuNC t1 Y LUUIE HAbR10 ICT. AL) USING PucLIC CuxPORATIGN

u t- F I C L S , I Nv t b Tuka , M tM c2 t H S OF CvNLdtbb, THE t- C L t w aL A GENC IE Sn r.v Ihc Puut IC TU oC TE 4M INE I HL 1.< AITITUJC CN RlbK, CO 4 TECL GFw ILA , CNtLGY A : .D 4ILA, 5 AF F. T Y , AND CUMPAHlbuN tir; aISA AND1 f .V C b T A t a T T AH Lt:a.

O b Ja n I S A ; bu ewc Y ; ' O Cl U/P H ILubLPH I C AL CUNb l JEr< A T ION ; O A T A COLLECTIGN;C C AP A R I bbN ;;.i uR T A L I T Y

/b / G u Vv 0 01 -O O v b l I S / / '+ 25S l u r. NO. GGxOlvb794_c Cow Ah A T i vE r< l S A S UF CLcCTRICITY 3800UCTIUN SYSTCMS; A ChlTICALr

LLnsdY GF T e st L1TCaA1LRE>AUTH HCALTH t, S AtJLTY CAdLUTIVE, U.K._ 19eo_ T4

; 31 ppb, GC SE nR Cr t PArth No. I1. UCC. 1900IL A VA IL Ab !c ITY - HLR AAJESTY'S S I A I I GNh riY UFFICE, a+-> HIGH

H LL n u h . , LONLUN allV brib , LNLLANu_VUxY 2e0000f IL 4 Clad.7 9 Y bb<ACI LashklCNCL f u LA IL had LLO Tu TMC CL;.CLUS l u N T r1Al Af4Y ENEGGY

LLUnCC Luk t<L . .r LY 5.I l NG SthlOU5LY LLNb l Dc 4 C u -Un T r-E LARGt-SCALELt.. tan f l uN Lt LL CC I R ! C I T Y C A.. LE MAod SAFt CNCUCH Tu ALLOW ! TSULC . T Mc SUbV tY CUNCEN Tf A TES GN Tnd ThhCE ' CL. 4 VE N T l u t. A L 'CLttTRICITY $YbT[9b C U AL , UIw, ANL .NUCL t A d , aNU CxAMINES T-E4lbs5 GF W i tL LE PNLvUC T IUN SYSTEMS, FnLM TMt LLNbT~UCTION UFPLANI ANu THL v. l i . ! N G u r: FUtL TG TtC alSPuSAL UF WASTE. ThCC n'I I I C A L AN n LY b l b Li tuw S thai 1I iS M1SLEADING TG MAAC A StMPLCt- L,x M CF CGvP AR ISGN CF AISA: NCAd CCMPLEX CONPAh1 SUNS ANE,CLCbbARY. T H d. SUdvhY CLMPAhEb PucLISHCU ASbCSSMENT5 UF THE

R I L A J., AT CACn STAGC LF T nc ELECTRILITY PAUGUCTION PRCLESS,iAoULATIsG 1rt HlbAS PLR UNIT LF LLECTAIC1TY PRuouCCD *HERCG UANT I I a l IVC c S1 IMA T C5 EXIST IN THt LITERATURc, *ITHAPPh0Ph 1 A A TE C AU T I O N Ah Y WL M ARK b anChC THd JA T A AACGLCSTIUNAJLC. L1be 1 0 0 /9 ,.;. AubT

W< U 5 nibA;SLwvCY;DaIA L CL LCL T 10t4 ; PU W d*< PLANT, NUCLcnR;PCatn PLANT,FubbIL t- UL L i LU v.P A W ! S vN

0/00COGGl-000011d// *J'. b 1 U . 4 NO. UUAa1Loi92i E P.u nG Y A L T L .-< M T 1 V t 5- A CLvaaRaIIVE ANALYS1SAUTn UNI V . LF CALAnOMA, :abhM A a

19/bNPb J.ccob + FC A / D- /S /o ts i +. APP 40A. 500 PPS, AAY 1975A V A I L A:- 1 L1 T Y - N A T lu.4 AL T E CH.s l C AL INFURMATIGN SERVICE, U.S.-

UtPT. uF LUM .% AC d , LPKINLPIELO, VA. cdlbl2CuY 2a0000;O1OOOuION 0lau

.. - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

,/0000001-60C01Ib// * * ' CU;.IINU A T ILM I PAGE 7'

(.t; U L Ut LTWY ANACI T rel L ht H + 1 w : 4T .< ! uu l C S fu ThC DC v CLUP 4CNT OF A ACTHaOOLUGY FOR

. Yb IE % T 1 C AL LY IwLN1IFYI.6, abbtLSINv, A34 U CUMPAdI:4V E.4LR G Yat i t <N- f l VE L . 1I A u V I J t- L Ut.' LnlPllb'.S ANJ vA I A uti THE MAJOkC; .c h G Y htbLUhlu SYSit.vb 1:4 T i tC UNiitu SIAfth ANU LULGCSibPhotcJUhts F u< U b l ;.L IHib Ut aC s i t' I l ON b AND DATA. THC STUDYL ti.S I b 16 uF lu u HAN T b; T r .t t- I F< b I CCNT A1feb UCbCWIPTILNS OF CLAL,A.1D bh Lt. C hu Lt UIL, .4A 'I U R A L lab, 1Ah SANUS, aUCLCAH FiSSIUN,c4LLL C A h t- U h l t. 4 , LC U l r,t x M AL , nYLHotLECTnlCITY, ORoANIC aALTESA .0 SOunA ENtwbY 5YL3hAL. P A .< T. tao uESCR1OCS PhGCEsuhES FGhUdl:4t> TFt DC t t A I P i ! L.ib Aau UnTA la. S y b T E M A l l Cx LL Y LVALUATINGaNu CLMPuR lh L v.thuY ALILMNAI1VCb.

Y ,. J a u w w 1 Sn ; Cat .P aw 1 SU N ; buF t ! Y EVALunTIvN; LATA CU LLL C T 10:4;CNtQCY PLLICY;| PGutR 'LnNI, ..GCLtAhiPOw ek PLA4T, F ub S IL FUCL;t-Ub!oN;PQsCRe

' lam i , HY ah L LutC in 1( i M A c Ais u$ A.mtYLIS

* / O/ UU W 0 01 -0 0 u 011 S / / +4

CC 5 610.4 NU. V OAu l t u ?91'LC :4LC L t A h /.N U NJN-auCLLAR u l bs -Aid EAEHC16t IN CG 4 ham Ah lL I T Y

+AUTa PLLLUT1LN PN EV L.4 I I U. i CUNLULinNIL LID.. C4ANLEY, taLLAND.e 1%u,*t :s% t us -% 1 /Lc4 t. JLb e- Pd , 1S00slL nvAILAoILITY - ELhuPLaN w L m;< v N I T Y I Nt- L HMa l l u N LCNvlCC, 2100 u

St., f4.a., LulTL /0/, .4A hM IN BTU N , u.C. 2002/fCLUhY daGOOG!IION 0130LikY LlHnCI a l l ii I r1L INLNE Ab i;4G tMPriAbib .s h l C t1 la htlNG PL ACCf' 0;i THC USCe

UF HELIAulLITY E NL.I NtCR I NG f tCHr.l uuth AS A McANL uF A MP4GV IN GT r t. UtSitN LF '.U C ._ C A n PUnth PLANTS, H AN T I CUL AAL Y dlTH M C S P 5- C T

-

IL SAFETY, I t ti vLF IN I TIL.s LF uuANIliallvE wC a l v. 4 (AhudTL INI Li< M S C t- 'ACC PTncLL 4LLA* HAL oCCLMC A AAlita LF IMPLhTANCE. APubblott uC T tu0 u r- E b7 AU Li bt f lNU SUCH TARLtTS 15 lu EAAMINE THtrL44-NUCLCAW hibAb .v t i 1 C H LLLitiltb ACLLPT AND TU CVALUATE T W. l Re

CUaPARAblL1IY al in TMt NLCLtAr< HISAS. CUNLEUUCNILY ThC mal *4LLJtCIIVES OF THib STUDY AWE Tu tAAMINE THt UN UC h L Y l .1G FACTORS., H I C n s E f t.7 M I N E Tiit E AI S TI NG LEvdLL LF NO N --N U C L E A '< HISAL AND TOLLubC L i UEANL LF ORsING ILaARUS THC sEV I A T I CN . L t- 'ACCEPIAPLE< UC LC A r< .s l S A b ' HICH nlLL bC suMrAlluLC diTH NUa-NUCLCAk R i b AS .TNC CAUSC b T u.> ld. b ARC L1a 'f D IN U.A. EXPEditNLL.

'..o h b S s Ib A ; CU WAR I Suivi MA4Asub AN AL Yb I b; S aft T Y ANALYblb;SAFtTYP h 1..C I PLC L ANU PnlLGbCPHYiLAFETY hE /1 E a ; A N ALY T I C AL MLDEL;bCNbITIVIiY #4 AL f bl L; bOC [L /PH1 LULLPHI cat C LN b l UEh A T [ UN

/0 / 00 00 G L 1 -6 0 0 011 S // 4bLSSION .40. U va u l bu ?'OLC t M. C U T ! V._ bcMINAh u.4 T HC FUTuhC suLe uF wISA A SSt bSMD4 T AN D

tL 1 ACI L1 IY L401NECnING IN NUCLEnu .<E ouLA T IGNe

HLH(b) V A's imp JBPAufh L .S . NULLEAm r<tuuLATunY LUV*4lSbluN ; AROUNNE NATILNaL LAu., ILL 19clL NU ra uu C G/ CP -O O L / + ANL el-3 +. In PPS. MAWCh Iv61It AVAILA;ILITY - NATIONAL IEChalCAL INFGhMATluN SCR V ICc , U. b.

LtPadfMtNI LF CO M Md u ct , tPHINLFICLD, VA. cdl61T

EGL4Y iauOuOTIUN OIJO

C U;.> c Nht;CZA-

iTh Y Ai%ACI T r .c d a t C U T I V ;_ LE:41NAW AAL HELD IN THE AFitRMATH GF THE T H R 'iE

M ILE lbLANO AC C I Ot ?4 T TU FE LP THL NLCLeAh HEGULATONY COvulbSIGNb T A r- F lb UNDt;sLT-ND 1NE 1,T RE Nu T HS ANa ataANEbbES CFPsubAultibTIC WIbN AbbC b b MtN I S ANU TO U.4DE kS I ANJ T r1C CU9 4E N TA(TITULtb ON IIS USC IN NUCLcAR SArtTY ELULATlua. LIA PAPENSA;.J PA<EL d i ' C UL S l unL Ab t INCLUJCo.

4UR05 ; l ar, ; HA l A:su b ANALYbIb;SAFCIY ANALY bl b ; SCC 1 U/PH ILOCUPH IC ALLLNS I UC h Al I L..; Sc;NL 1 T 1 V I i Y ANALYblb;dCollATION;LUMPAR1SLN;HJCK;4ac-1

'O/0000001-00u011b// 40S L I C'4 Nt J . OuxOlobin9

.C UCCUPAilbNAL SAfrtTY DATA AND CASUALTY HATES t- O H THE URANIUM

|

. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ._ _. _ - _ - -

)/UOGOOOl-OOUU11a// +t CGNTI NU AT I O*4 1 PALE 46

FLtL CYLLtR(b) 4 IL Y s iC ;(, ' LLN a di LL FR

AUTH Uh 31sbu NallUNAL LAu., TNl ' 4. I

L -

p un;.L alut +. VP , Aub. I vel

JL ,* V, l L a a l L ! 1 Y - . a T l u . AL I LLr1N I L AL INFCwMA T ILN SLHVICt. U. S.l UEP Au T ML.. T U r- CU M. .E R Lt . baw l:.LF it LU, VA. 42161vi b< Y . ,0v00;12uGOvICN GIJOLLLC F4C

T4 Y A7ACI LLLUHAfitNAL CaSUALIY ( l. JUh lt h, I LL.4 L5SC d , F a l AL I T i t S , AND

LL51 .. O m e. U A Y L ) AND v4LUULTION LA1A Amt sktSE1TtD AND AWt U SE DIU C AL C UL AI e u tC UP A T lu.4 A L CAbOALTY 1..C ID U4Cd r4 A T E L r: U RT ELMmLLLL IE L i nA T f i t._ UkANIUM FULL CYCLL, I N CL Uv l i461 MINING,vlLLINu, C U N Vd Rb lu N . AND ENslChMENT OF V4ANIUM; FAud! CATION CF+4cAC T L H t- UL L ; 14 A.4 d Pin I A T i v:4 UF UHANIUM A Ni.) FutL ELEMENTS;GENCH A T IL:4 UF LLtLTnIC PLWhR& ANU TH A:4bM I SSl uN LF CLiCTRICPLnCR. TACH ftCM4GLULY IS TktAIEa 1.4 A SCPAnATE CHAsTCh. ALL.;ATA LO U e. C E b nnE t.LF dhE:4CCs. ALL L T r.i P b USED TO CutCULATtNLM AL14.cD L CC us A T I U.**L CALUALIY li4Cl DENLE AAIEL F n G '4 THE DATAAbc skC5L 4 I t .s . mATLb GI vLN INLLUUt F A T AL 1 T I tib , btaluub CASEE,n ' 40 LobT alJ G AY b PCn 1OL MAN-YbAdb a U N K ti D , HbR 10(12) t3 T U LFthCabY LU l HU I, A .o vw U l tit s APHnUPRfATE UNIib LF UUTPUT.

UHub F Uct CYCLE;hlbs;HAZAnUS AN ALY S I S ;UH Aid I V.4 o u AT A CoLLcCTION

O/00L0001-0u00112// 4/db 10 4 .' . U . G U A u l uu ?L /

PL A.4 FOR UtVtLLP ileb d S A l-L l Y GUAL.

AUTtt U.S. t.UCLcAN 9tGULaT0ky CLaMIShicN. Iveu

P4

6 N ta < ti b -0 7 36 +. 40 ppb, O LT . 1950L AVAILAo!LITY - 4AflLNsL ICCHilLAL INF URMA T ION btRVICc, U. S.

ud HA H I MEN I UF LLJ M M E W C C , LP R l i .G F I L LD , VA. 221blUURY dOOO OO ; 1/OOO O; 1o Ovov ; U l O OO O1 L. 4 O130ClauF ' f. C.

IbY AMACT ftfl > NC Pu b' T rR E S uf4T S A CL,MM1bSILN APPnUVED PLAN FLh UEVELOPMENT

ANs/oR A,IICtLaiILN t,F N hC d A r- E T Y L6JtCT1Vbb, NUIAOLY, bUT NCTwACLUdlVtLY, .* I T n wthvEC1 1J POWts 4tACTdnS. ATTtNTIUN ISv lV E. J TU INT a lM G u J E C T I VE S L t.: TAINAeLE IN THC NCAk TERM, HUTALbL 1. 4 CLU u l : .G UVCW ALL Ph Cbe. A M CLNbiUCRATICNS AL 4CLL. THEHCL!CY A a i 1 C u_ ,4T I C N IC ac LEVCLUPtb DILL 1NCLUDE L L Mri UENERALA e- P u u a c h 10 ni dA ACCtHTALILIfY A. 4 U SAFLTY-COST I H A L;. UFeS..UANTATivt 5,#LTY GuALS, SAFtTY IMe*UvtMtNI buALS AND STANDA*05i- Ln m L V I c_ a CF -Abl ACTIONb 1.w Vita Ot; NCd NU Lt b A .N u 1 MP4 0V CDPhACTICbb.

JUhur hits;LAFETY +l A YS i b i b At; ET Y cVALVAfluN; SAFETY e40GhAM; SAFETYktV1ta;ALC10e4T ANALYbid;COMPAHILUN, T Ht;O k Y ANs e XPE 7 I tNCE ;HA4ndLb nN AL YS IS ;nGE.4CY , NhC; SAFETY PilWCIPLtd AnD PHILUbCPHY

O / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 01 l b/ / +oALIGN NO. OUXOltt7euE " CAP.VEY" AN IN VE bT lv AT ION UF PO TEN TI AL HAZAAOS FROM GPCHATIONS

IN THE CeNVCY lbLANU/ThuhdOCK A ht.AAUTH Us McALTH v LA r-S T Y LeMMlbblLN, LLt4CC 4

1 E* / 6NIW tJPb , 19/c ( l Sn 4 UI1 ce42OO A)

L AhlLAOILITY - HLR % J F_ S I Y ' S b I A I f uNC s Y O F t- ! CC , 49 HIGHMtteuxN, LLN .O r. vCIV br u ENUL At40

ULHY .;,0000IUN u IJuTHY o4ALI AT IMt nLuUCLT OF TnE S'i th E T ar. ! E S UF biAIE AND OF Tite

Er.V i x LN MLN T IHt RISsb TO NcALTm nND SAFETY ASSLCIATEU alTHvaRILUd I Nb T AL LA f I Ui.b . uLTri EA 16 T I NG A f.D PndPOSED, UiJ CANVLYI'LAN. A .'.U Tid N C I G hog e41 Nb PANT aF ThuMPUCs. T ri l S ANCaCli4 3 A l t S SC V LA AL PdTRUCHtAICAL PNUCE:blNG ANU STOnAGCFALILITleE AL a .~ L L ad T A .x F -R M S FOh LILUEFItD vAS AND 1S ULEDAb A RcCCIVING ANU L I AL I NG POINT FGd STEAMSHld, i< A I L ,4 A Y AND

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . __

1/ G 0 U0 0 01 -00 0 011 a / / 4c CL.4TINuATION 1 PAGC '+ 4

4LI Gd 1.4 A; 45,J M I . I1 'v A L C CNCA UUc u InAT THC hISA UF ACC IDE N T AL.

FairmlFILS And Abouf 5 IN 10,000 PEh YEaa A tt l CH Ib AbuuT TME) ,t a t. Ab lett ,.d d T t t; IrtC Au"U L A T A U N IN Ttit s. J - U ., LaLUP AND THATI r; TML H L Cu M sd r40 LU 1 :wk u vC itC.4T L AHL ..t A UC THAT T rtd INSTALLailu4OF Ar4L1 hCk r,CIL11Y lLL NUT GkEATLY 1mCHEASC its MACARD.

hLS n IL A ;t t A e. AH ub A N A LYb l b;CO: P AR Ibts 4inEPunT. SAR;bArtTY CVALUATIGN;b I I li4G, tt IC M IC AL PdLLCSb H L A .N I

/Ou00001-G00Li13// **

S list 4 4.0. 00Auluo/Lua iSK Lu 4P A .. ! bd..-

W(L) MALL ric ; CCPPLL A AU Tei anutsAHAVCN NrFIUnaL L ,. . . UPIUN, NY

1%1NNunCG/Cn-1;1o + a . .L -r.U k a L-51 ,3 c +. vu PPS, i t. TAab, 21 F I GS ,JL. lW1A v n 1._ Au I L I r Y - NaTlONAL I C C Hed ! C es luF UaMA T lON bhWViCc, U. S.; LP A a 1 Mt.4 T Gt COMSCHCC, LP4INGFICLO, VA. 2 2. 1 o l

UHY c,0000;01000OUi. u LL 0

| C lJ u t . , .

/H Y AiAti P %. a C . I b UaTo Fuh THE CovPAnILON OF LOCIEIAL HibK FRLM NATURAL

m.o u;.-4AUC ne4Awab. OrsY FAfALIIICb kCSUL T li4G t-hum i Ht-r1A4,WDb art oS to IN lerE L L M P A n i St,:. , n1TH TML DAiA AND THEC L/ P 4 H A l i V L ANALYb15 TAAEN t: 8 6 M CURwCNT L1TLnAIUNC. INCL 4PAWINu sot!CIAL NibAb FQH MULT Lt IMt MAZAnDb, LOTM CXPCCTEDVAtudt A. 0 r; bC LU t N CY VS. C U.4 LE O UE N CE Cuk V E S Ah L Pr<E SCN T ED. FORA buasct UF # A ZA hub , NU T AuLY THC PU.vCR GCNERATIGN ItCHNCLUGIES(NUCLCAn, CL A , ulL, AND BAS), 4 ti l let t1 AV ri NOT LAMiolTEu hlLMC L.N b C o u t N C C _Vt4TS (CAIAbih0HHCb), Tot CJMPAn l but45 AHE HASEO ONb l I A,s i f. u CXPCCTLu VALUCb G. 4t Y . 1403V10 VAL RICA DATA ARE

P nt b .I.4 f E J IN faU aAYb, A PkOL A51L 1 TY UF JEArti .v l i t t l N A YEAR ANDf r t- AMUUNI O t' LIFC LhLc4TtNINb O t- AN AVERAGE LIFC 5P A.4.

,aLa 's I ars ; MLn i nL 1 B Y ;C(N*A H I SU N; O A T A COLLLCIl&4;SAFtTY t:.V ALV A T l C N iMC1o/HMILUSo.>hlCAL CONb ID LW A T IUN ; HJC A ;NR C -7 iNW C-H b i M A Z ARD LANAL YL I L ; MON lALIIY

//G000001-OOL011S// ob.bIGN NU. OGUO1L6704

i n dt t - 1., O u ; uU AN T i r;Y l hG l e t ti UNCdw f Alt 4 TIEaLUI tt 1., L I C 4Lc APPL IC AT l uNb INC., PALU AL IU, CA ; LLECTHIC POatR

h ES t' Ah CH IN b T. . HALO ALIL. Ca1 vo lU/ #29 3, 4 T A6 b, I Flu, u htFb, NUCLEAR TECHNLLOGY, b 3 ( .$ ) , PP.a N oO (JUub 19t$ 1 )

kURY 20000*

C4 UlJO,CLDL 3,. ! : . P r<

1%Y A

r AC T rLa inE be r. C IF IC nC ACTUR S EVALUATCU IN THE 4tACTUR SAFEIY STUDY( '. A ari-l * v o ) , ovANTlt;lCD uNCEliTAINT166 IN THE CALCULATto.

LLNLCouCNCtb A No P4UuAG1LITICL at RE .< C PO R T Eo , ALONG n1TM MED1ANibi!MATCb. IH L aASH-loOO C VALUA T I CN OF EARLY FAIALITIES GAVET t i_ b t UNLCR T Al t4T A L- S AS MULT I PLICA i Ivc F AC TGRS C t- (1/ , 4) UNCLNLEOVENCC S A ND (1/b, S) UN PRLJAbIL1IIES. ACCOUNTING FGHF AC T ON b THAT 4 Lac NUT CUNSluthCO, l hL Sti UNCCWTAINTIES ARCcLTTch b l A T c. D AS '1UL T IPL IC AT I VE t:ACfbRS U t: (1/lb, lo) AND 1/ 20 ,-

2u) FU- CUNE "O UC. .CE b ANL PRUcablL A Tits, NESPECTIVCLY. INaLvIIlvN lu IM !b CHANGE M UNChaIAINTY, THE 4EDIAN VALUES CFLAnLY FAIALillLb nc.HLR I C U IN * ASH-1400 MAY u; TUO HIGH 3Yt-ACiuhb tF b r ta CO N bt G u t- N C :i t., ANU 12 FUW PhunA'alLI T !td. Thub,A NCN UHHER LO UN U 15 t- U U P.o itAT IS LC S S THAu THAT 51ATEo IN,e Ab M- 1 4 O U .

MOL n[bA;nA2ARJS ANALYb l 5 ;bAr E TY AN AL Y b l L ; L At:E TY WEVIEm;CGNPAKISUN

)/0000001-0000115// blibIUN NU. OOAOItb7co- IbbUtS AND P 60 t.:L tMS lid i t.F L W R I NG A LEVEL Ot ACCLPTAutC RISsj ei ( b ) SALEM LL;LCL Ms N AA&YELLEY MbkV I tt IMC HANL CukP., bANTA VUNICA, CA

1 ',n G

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . - - - - -

l_ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _

00 00 Uv 1-00 0 01 I >/ / uI CGNTINUATIGN 1 PAGE 50

.

W -4 5ta l -i t :E +. 110 PPs. 13 I 4. U S , 5 FIGS. AUG.,1960AVAILAu!L11Y - Hu mL I C A T I Lti S DLP).. THL nAriu CUAP.. 1/00 MAINLf.. LnN!A T44 4 1 C ,s , LALIF. 9 v u t>

dy 200004 0130

Y ACT at A m oud N SO Ci t. I Y bC C u v.E b I NCG C A S ilJGLY UEPLt40CNT GN aENEFITS

OF TCLha,LLOACAL LAwCRTILL. II F4CES P > ur$ L E.4 6 CF WLuuCING THEH AH A S ANs n ! .A T ttA T INEV 11 ABLY ACCUW2ANY THEbE TECHNGLOLICALI N..O V A l l La b. IH I L blVOY ADOnEbb'L I40 PAR IS CF THAT T k A CE -O F F :F LMJL A I 4 Lt. LF < l .2 A ACCL P T A;4L:. CN 1 TCR I A AtlO MANnGLMCNT OF w l SA.1 Y GdALL. C Li Vc N NCWGY AL i cM4A T 1 %EL (C LH fib LO G i t S ARE EA AM INtiDud!..L A 1. I h --< Lu UL A T I UN ST N AT CuY TU tCASukE The ACCEPTAbILIT OFc ,.L H TELnNULL6Y.

UL k 1*A ;LLMPAh1 SON;oCLIAbIL1IY ANALYbiL*N-PO4Ek, L At-C T Y OF; SAFETY..Lv i t a & L-F6 T Y uV nLUa I 10 4 ;H AZ AhU S amALYLtd;5AFETY A.4 ALY S I SMedal, ac TC LH LL QuY

L O 00 0 01 -0 u b 011 b/ / bd1 U.4 i40 . OOAuto67r)

LUCLAL CLb l , F LN ALTCmNAI1VC ALANL Cr tLiC Td l C PO ER GCrath A T IONPta 1900 A r. v iWG

Tri Asco w.c ;4,.i1U4AL LAL., IL19/a4

A. .L-6 0 9 3 iVOL. 4J +. 14 O PPL. MATsLH 1974A u! Ao!LITY - aATIONAL I E Crt e l C AL I NF u.14 A T I ON bcRv!CC. U. L.veP 91.4Edi L t- Ctw d 4 Lc . 2.Pu t t.GF I LLO . VA. 2C101

nY 4300u0N VidVGUE CZAY ACT IFL GathoY aCUhCCS CLt.bivEntD Ab ALTtWNATbb aht ih05C IN LANGE

LCALC Utt Non AS uCLL Ab T Ho t.L IN AUVANCED bTAGES UFUtvtiL O P ycr4T . THC AVERAbC INJudY H A Th S . nt AL T H ti F i:t C T S ANDUnMA6CL IU b us kU UNu 1.4GS AhE CtiPEN UE D as i Hti k1565 OR SOCIALC L b T ,, . INE AS SE SS'4ke s i (L HCHChTCU I J4 T ., 0 00CUNtNTS: A EU AM AR YA N.) A A C F E n t , bC L .

US .*ILA;Ma4Ahub A Nn L Yb 15 i S Art I Y ANsLYbIL;POatR WLANI. NUCL ti AR ;Ph CR P L Ar4 T , F US S IL F ucL ;CUMPA R i BON ;SUCI O/ PH IL Obd HN IC ALCL:ebivEFATIU..;nA AAw, kti LA T I v t

0000001-00001lb// S .2ION i40 . D OA G l t;I2 / / 3

If.LL 4 UF HISK LAHOSUNC ANU H I S r( ACCEP T ANCE CxilhWIA(L) A!LLEh a; HALL RCTH .w UU All A V EN fATlONAL lab.. UP TOii . NY

IGo1i,

.UW h G/ th -l 9 3 63 + c iwLw.URh U-b 1;3 9 +. Iv2 PPS, FE0. 1961AVAILAh! Lily - NATIONAL litt er.1 C AL t r.t- C h AA T I O N SLHVICc. U. S.J EP Ak T NC;4 T OF L.3 tw e n CL . .Ph1NuF1dLu, VA. 22161

RY 2.20000S 0130

t idC ,"AY ACT Ih!L nEPunT CdNTAINb AbblRACTL GF ARTICLES 4HICH ADOHCSS

VA41 Gut AEPELTS OF OUArJTITAT!vE AIEA ANALYSIS, CGvdRING THEboaJ:iC T S UF W '.'C 41 C A L k l LK C u 1 Thi< ! A. METHODCLCGY AND DATA. THEAxTICLcb ~ L k t. HJbL i bhdo W i %n l LY FnUM 1976 TO Unic INICCHNICAL J O LN ) .A LS , htPUhTS, eAPERb. tic. Int A.< T I CLE dSLLECTcb FUd T HI S ALPUNT 4thL JUUbLO TO HAvt HCLEVANCE TONUCLCAn **G a C . ? K. ANT nILA E v' A LU A T I ONS A.4J TO THC POSSICLCc bl AnLi bitMCtJ T LF THE ACC LP T A o l L I T Y (an UN ACCE P T A61 L I T Y ) GFG AL LUu AT CD N LC LE A k PuaCR PLAI.T HiSAb. A MAT 41x OF TisE VARICUSaILA L a 1 i ti n 1 a WLPubLD Ib e,LStNICL.a

J5 m th ;hA AAhDb A NA L YS 1 b ; PO eUL A 1 I UN d APubukti ; ACCI Octli ANALYSI5;HJC A si..s t-4L ; W C I U/PH ILO b OP H I C AL CONblatAAT104;ACCistHT,PkCU Ari I L 1 I Y LF ;PO46R PLA ;.T , NUCLCAN

0000001-0000116// ogION NO. 00VOloo//l

NUCLcAN F UUr 4D NQ M I S A ICR THAN CTnCN POwCn SOUhCES

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ -

-- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

s/OuLOu01-Ovou!16// a4 CD.dilNUATIU 4 1 PAGE 51:

UH(b) r- I b MLu C a r *

19vl,

e xh I PL, T H F. L.4 Ld GY s Alt Y. PG , 4 (JAN. u, l 's o l 1[GUHY 1000011sGvua/IUM O l ~.,0Bi k Y AJR AC T Tit UNITcv <l.4CDUA hcALTH AND bAr CTY ti ACCU T I /C ltAVE HEACHED THE; sL4CLUSlo.4 TrA T NUCLEAR ENLhuY 16 NO XLRC W! BAY TNaN T Hti; C uN V C t'. I l on A L aLunCEb CF cLLC TR I CA L PU A C t MOJUCT1GN. t4E w s; a n I i CL.; .,1 i H ut E w t-CwC.e et .50%DL '<ISA;C0eFANIusN;PG4Ch PL aN I , MUCLCAW;PuaCR PLANT, FOSSIL FutL;j UNIICD A l a bL LMI

P0/00G0001-00lL1la// 3D

(LS b l u;4 NO. O G A u l c o ^et,c

LtJ.bd V I T Y sCnEFIla AND Cbbib UF RLvULING VAm100L RISAS$14(5) SchwING HCAUTH LLdCHAL AL IOM HCaCARCH LAMS.

1979Nle e6 *b , i k.C H ,u lD G I C A L FuhCCAdTING L LLCIAL CHANGE, VLL. 13, PP.323-*S (1979)

blihY i.lOOOOIUM O120thy Ax A CT l i .C R t a b C D LutwaCVIlY Ib C Mi aLTEmNallVt 10 "L I V t b SAVCD" AE A

'1Em buRt L t- u t s 4 LF i l b UcN!bLU FhCM LAsud-aCALC Alba-4 EDUCTION-

P huGr< AN S IHAl ut i4 AN U M c S wu R Cc.S us: ThC TUTAL PUPULATION. THIS14L A btJh E , FUh bbVLhAL C A f c.GUR I kb VF H I bA , 15 PRESENlEO IN THCC Ls 4 T E X T uF f t li RILAL PREVALENI IN LU << OWN 50 C16 TY . LOMEEbilaalEd CF ret THEOWC T IC AL UENr.F I IL DUE IU THC SUCCESSFULkcDUCilul UF RISAS A f4 Pub tD nY I NJUS TH Y ARE Ph0VlwC0 FURr u'isu be b L. F ILLubTHATIUN. LLa l -E FFtC T IVEN thb VALUbb AND THESE4LASuhts CF , H LG r< A A lAPACT 0;. LONGEV1TY ARE bRAPHICALLYPhE SE.i l tu FOh LdvCRAL MON T AL I T Y-REGUC is.G PRU LR AAS . THE RE SULT SCtLAnLY SHLw T NA I THE h F t- I C I EN C Y AND 1FC IMPACT UF PULICIES CA NV am Y Su b !GN lr lC Ai4 TLY TH AT AtlOH111EL 5HOULO OC CSTAULISHEDPhlGk 10 i t 6L IR I MPLLMEN T A I 10:4. S i r4CE THC MATERIAL HAb 3EENJERIVt3 FROM A VARICTY U r- STUDIED IN SE VE f< A L bECT Oss UTILI ZINGD ir: F E h t N T ME IH LRULUU l tS . THC ACCURACY Lt: SOME NU'a r$ E R S CAN DEL UE S T I Gi.. Ted P Uhr U 5E 16 TU PROPuSE THIS nunA AS A PERSPECTIVEJ

t- Cm PULICY DtCISluNE; SINCE LaRCE UNCEH T A INT IE S REM AIN , IT IS:4uT TU buhPLY A :./ A T a Jabh FGk LEC l blut d.

suRLS nib 4;HA4.anDb A NA LY b i b i bu Cl u/ PH I Lu btPr e l C AL CUNblDCRATlDN;CUSTEN t e: 1 T ;bAFE TY A N ALY S I S ; MG H T AL 11 Y

7 G/ 00 00 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1 a / / d6h, S 1 C . 4 40 . 0 0J 01 to 700?. RlLA Abb LSPitN T -UH .4A01ATluN PWI, i CC i l LN PURPubESLR(S) e AChlis EtSAUTn N A I ! Gs 4 A L NAulOLOGICAL PR UT CCTl uta buARD, H A R.v C L L , N.A.

19c0U

) d+ Pte b , 69 R tt S, ATCMIC cN C R GY RE V IE 1, 16(3). PP. 779-o04PGLWY 2.2 0 0 0 0 ; luGLOLION 0130TnY Ac AthCRACF IN DEF I NI NL UlTERIA FUM b000 PriLIECTION AGAINST IGNIZING

WALIATION, !! 15 I WC,i T A :.T TG ABBESS GUA:4 T I T AT IVELY THE LIKELY91SA uF aNY RaJ1AllLN EAPubuhE. T r,E 'bOMATIC' n l :2 A d TO THEI :,U 1 V I J U AL hLSULT MAINLY FROM INUUCT I DN OF CANCER IN TMC ORGANSIWADIATEL. ,, 4 a T HELC RI MS CAN 404 BC CST 1M ATED ON THE EASibLF c.U M E h uU L LdIAILEJ E P ! vC 41 LLuG I C AL S UR V C Y OF EAPOSEJ HUMANPLPULA1IGNS. CS T I M A f t b L t- THE RIbA UF MERED1iAxY EFFCCTS, F 4 G ?tb!:.NE I I C LHANLEb la0VCCD IN Gtem CELLS, ARE GASCD LaRGELY ON THEF mEGUbnLY W I IH d ealCH SUCH tFFECTb Akt INDUCCD IN uTHER SPECIhS.In uuTH CA$CS INC RibN AT VERY Lun UL SE CAN 6C INFEhnCD US IN GANO.4 LE u t:C O F TtE *AY IN wHICH Waul ATIOt4 OAMAuE IS CAUSED IN1 15 LUCS . L U f-d R ii N T E Y S f E MS UF nAOIATION PR O TCCT IUf 4 ARE BASED ONA HLSTRACTION br Luscs TO THE WHLLE uuuY AND TO INOIVIDUALLAGANb, bUCh THAT THC INvuCIIGN UF LANCCx AN D GcNEI1C HAWM iSI Nr; t< C uuhM T , s. J u The r i iR E bHUL O 00bL FUR CAUSING LTntR,

!

_ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _J

._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Ct>'4T INU A110N 1 PAGE S210 00 001 -00 0 01 1 b / / 50

' ..w4-L | ( LHA b I I C' , LFFECTb 15 NLT LALCECLO.D5 sibN;nALIATI.N SAFtIV Ahv LU.4 T .<uu ;k A s l A T l ut4 t- A PUSunt ; H A D I A T I ON

r F t- C C 1 , :.PCC 15 b; LOC lu/Pri!LULLetil cal C CN L I G E,< A T I GN ; NA.:. A M D S,.1.n L Y b 1 t, ; o ub i. ; Ca t .C c k ; C F F L C I , LL%T(C

/0000001-000011a// a/

L b lur4 i .G . o OAu l cv to oL Jh .V c 4 *iLN STUJYm<Ala n LPLi< T a :.,T UU Y OF T HE RILAS OUE TO

yl

ALC l J L N T :. I c4 4UCLc A: o l',

F F81 . .P- l o b * -d .4 +. JJJ PFL, t-Ibb, Avalk 19ntA vn i m,so l LI T Y - RcSCAnCH M_PuaTb LE .4 TE n , LLCCiniC ,;'L * C 4 dESEARCH

LI *,5 T . . P.L. .o A l u O >o , PsLu eL10. LALIF. 94JOJ

OUkV 420000IGN 0130LUUt C hC d latt i< 1 ed vut TU ACC 1 DE N I S CAUSLO bY THEO Pt H Al I L:. LF NUCwAs PO4Cm PLAoTS IN T t1b FEudR AL NtPuoLiC Cf:L :_ n M A . . Y . Tht bTusY, P C m t-U n M L D UuuCs T H:. JINECTION U r- THLr: C a t e4 A u NINI_ thy FGk liCLLANCH n . 4v ItCMHULOuY, Ib UW0ANIZE0 I NT Of .s u P t I A SL L : i t il CUdntaT HCPGd i PMCLcNTb AN U V E R v I E .v GF THCis.< t.28 1 o A l i u;.S ANL ks.bUL ib O t- THC FikST PHASC ( P t f A b ri A),= rE %C o Y lstC W LaAo1Libilt kidA A ,btbb MtM I Mt THCOULUG Y USED INTtE A.1 HLCaN wtACIuk S Ar ._ T Y SIUof ( m A bh-14 00 ) IS APPLILO TO THEP s.< I I C U L A n k LA LI UR bYSTLM TLChauLOGY A .<D b I T t rw G C O.4D I T IUt.S OFTtC EkG. = 1 TH l'd Ittt tJ4 C LR T A 1 4 I I Z b , I flE RELULTb UF THC GERMANA.c A % k1CAa bidvits Audtt, THE oLR*4aN brVUY CGNFirulNo THATACClucNI-CAU ML e<16KS F r< tia N ULLt A H Pt] .v C R PLANTS ARE kCLATIVELYS .u t t .

Unub bl C 10/ P MI LJS LP hi C AL CUi45 luEh AT 10N ;R 1 S A ; ACC IUCN T AN ALY S 15 ;a CC l utNT . C U ..L h u u h 4C t b ; n A /.A h b b AN ALY b i b;F A ILUht M U Dri ANALYSIS;NUCLd A d JCo A IE ; A LC I Jc.4 T, PhucAb1LITY OF

O/0000001-00001lb// b t-Sblu 4 NO. 0 0^O 160 7%i L P A bi4 , A CLMKJTER C O ut F LR MLNTc CARLU SY S TE ra CVALUATIUNJ k(:.,) L C / t es t N Z FLAUTH LCICNLC APPLIC AIIQ:4L 1:4C ., PALC ALIO, CA

19o1

EWI-NP-lood +. al PPS , 5 TAbb, 9 F 1 uS, J AN . 19c1AVAILAUILITY - mLbtAnCH h E Pu e< T S CCrJT C W , ELCCTRIC PUwEs PCSEAwCH1. .L T . , 6 .U . LU A 10090, P /.L U ALIU, CALIF. 99 loaL

u C +< Y 4 O U vi>

tan C IJvCL'U C b Al

** A C T LW A S4 Ib A CLAPUIhn CUdd IN THt aAA FAMILY aHICh LVALUATES THEIWY a

LILTwizUIION dF SYSTEM buCCELL UR F A I L U A r_ FWCLUENCY vlA MONTEC Ad LG SidVLAT1LN. 1T CAN bE Ubc0 It.J C PEN G EN I LY LR INL L;4 J U r 4L T ! ble diTH #AMCUT.

6.R Ob LU4PUith r htau AM ;b T A II S i lC AL aN AL Y b l b i ri l S A ;'<3 AUL T IN CC AN AL Y S IS ;LeNI

0/0000001-0000115// 59LL l u.. NG . O O Ab it_L ib 7C b T A l u :,, s C W L N T CN test FULL CYCLt ACCIUCNT HILA ASbCLbMENTim ( b ) C ,e1 A14 N W C ; L A.< C I A AA;bitwtNb CATUTn LLitNCC -PPL IC AT ILNb INC., PALL ALTU, LA

1979'4EM,1-4P-1 lie +. I be H L , JULY 1979a v e, I L,*n l L I T Y - REbCAWCH stPLhTb Cti N i t R . ELECTRIC PU.vta nESCARCH

LIndI.. P.L. al^ 1G09u, PALU ALIL, LALIF. % .,0 a

aukY 2 30 000 ; I 3u c o v

IGN U100CuvE SAIikY A

mACT P nC btD 4 T b iHe bIATUS LF Ttt CURhhN T LPsI PROJCCT FUA AbLESSING

_ _ _ _ - _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_

/0000001-000Gilb// W CON i lNU A T I ON 1 PAGE S3

T:C 41685 LF HwDCtibbub IHAl bu PPu n f '.UCL C ast PO a C J4 PLANIS. 1T:.,U A A ,4 h ! 4. b a.D C A l Ci..d b ltC WhbA h e PU M T hi., Ile .F I V C UNPUhk1SMCOveAFT W E t te, T b . FouN (;F IHtat LL:431L e n THE ACCIUCNTALmAulaLLLILAL u !S A 0F n D2 v Lt 5 b i r.o SPtNT r- U L L . N1ACO uAIDt FUCLr

F At s ! Cf. T I Ur. . Irc I r4 A.' AbPu n I A I 1 U.3 ur MA TEk i ALS a ! It!!N IHC FULLCYC C, A. .v irG viSPL*AL LF NuC LE AG 4A6TCb. Inh LIMEh REPORT ISCL.wCE n h c - * I lit IMt W U U T I . .C m I v C LP HCH I C .tA01ULOGICA. 41bK OFw !i e l .w A . 40 M h. L I . . L U H a N I UM -u t Ar< ! N u Lnt. THC PRcbENT AtSULTS

| bion I n,a i i rtL lulat n i b rs LGNINIdul104 UF INC FutL C Y CL E IS ONL YAeuur 10. vF lttt ACCIUtN1 kISA Lt: Int PO W t> PLANT aND HENCE.

lih L 11 ILt Ld HGat . Iht ACCIDINI. RISA GF i.uCL c A h tLLCTAIC POath!5 IHAT U r- T r ti PueEn FLAnT I ILELF . IMt P C # C r< rLANT alLK.At.UdlNG A VLAY L A r< LC U b sG C LF NUCLEAR PGaER SY THE YE AR 2005.IL Oc4i Y ,+ n L U i O.34 UF THt x Au ! LLOG IC,4 L k15A uF ; 4 A T un ,.L3 A t rs u R L U.w v .

. aohDb w i t A I F u ti L C Y t.L L ; '3 A F E T Y P n !NC lrJLE S AND PH | L US OP HY ; H A Z A R U SI ' ' ' A L Y L 1 * ; H A 4 ,0< 0 . k.~L A I I v u itP n 1 ; A C C 10 L t.T . PRutAUILITY OF>

//u / u G LO O O ! -00 0 01 ! a/ / t> G4hbb!bN NO. OOAGleb7boI L.. ICNIAT1VC LU IL int Lr- 40 % SCLPE nND b % Ar.I LA I1U N F0H A STUDY OF

! BAS EntN kNEnGY P2kwuUC1IGN IN T r:L U . L.Itt rIriu d ( b ) C AV L L.CAkLNI U;PLnY LiPAUIM UN!V. UF CALIF.. LLL ANbCLEbI r'. ISs9*E ..

40 xLU-ci + UCL A-LN b-/9 41 +. 5/ Heb. Flub. WEF b. JULY 1979ilu Avn!LADILITY - N A l lo.. AL ICCHNICAL INF U A M A T ION SC r< V I CC , U. b.

uCPAnINEN! '# CU;a.E:s CE . LPhl.LFILLD. VA. 22161f LL L.< Y JaGOGuti1Um 0130 l .i A L I Ab A RtSUL1 LF 1.. Cat A L I N C A AnCNtSb uF T Hti NAZArdOS TO HEALTH

A .O SAFELY ALLLCIATEJ n i in E r.E H 6 Y TbCnNLLovlEb. 1HL .,TUDY OFnILAa MAb G LCU f.C AN c d '.,t t. T I A L t- E A T UA C LF THC DECISIGN MAKINGPwut nb. 1 Htr< tt- GkC 1I Ib PhUPubED TU ELTAuLlbH AN UdbANIZATlONTC 51UvY ALL 4IbAd ALbuCIATCu a1TH Li d ti kb Y PkUCUCTIUN. Ar4uul L lt4C LF t-il It-O U LL u G Y A i ,0 STkUCTURE OF THC NCCESSARYhhbA 4 I Z A I I Ot. IL b l V C l4.

wukJL a Ib n ; E r.EhuY HJLI CY ;uRG AN I4 A TlCN. I N TC NN A T ION AL ;PR LuuCT IGN

/0 / 0 0 L0 0 01 -00 0 011 d/ / olCSSluu NO. Ouul6L754L .- U;. TMC u VtLLPNCNI UF QU AN T I T A T I W L R!SK ACCEPTANCh C4IlERIAe nu n t b ) a rG< t N T 0 ; G a l Lb SE nGE a JMPAUlH U .'41 V . UF L A t it LOS A14G CLt s..ti 19eIt 1.J ALu-lJO + UCLA-ENL-7909 +. +a r r> S . F1LS. QtFS. JAN. 1961s

IL A V A I L Ats t L il Y - i. A I I U.. A L TECrw! CAL INF uh.4 A T ILN SEHvlCE. U. S.s hr- A h T V C:.T Gr W N M C n CE . LP H 1 :4bFIcLU. VA. 22161

uGu,Y cUGG00T 1 U. e O120s C t 'D t UAVdikY AfxACI MANAbEMENT UF AISAS lb A5 MUCH A bLCIO-PULITICAL PAOdLEM AS A

ILCHN1 CAL LNC. bUC 1 t TY 15 bECOMING 1NCREAblNULY AWARE OF THEr: ACTS THAT RISAS ACCLMPAnY THE bE NE F I TS A.4D UTHER CGLTS OF ITSI ECHNCLreu! CA L VCNTURch. T Ht Sti k!bNS CANNGT dd TOIALLYr L liA I N A l E C ; TrnY t s. t . CNLY at h ED LCeu LO THAf THEY AHE GNLY GNEUF TML L LC F.C .T S 1.4 T r,t O t- C I S I C N PnUCdbb. S a t.tt UF T Hr.i MAJORC ir. b l OE W A T I O :E. FDs CFFCCTIVE M Af. A bCMLN T OF k!SKS A r.E O!SCUSSCD.*lIH EMPnASib LN hibNS U L.,E NUCLEsk PuaEn Ab L H L.v N IN T r11 SP AP C n .

.ukDb a1dAiHAZARDb A*4ALYbIb;SUL1O/PHILCSLPHICAL CO NS I CCr< A T l O NULCISlbN ANA LY bl b ;N ULLE As DESATE; ANALYTICAL MO D EL ; C UM P A F41 S CN

'O / OO GJ O O ! -0 0 0 01 1 S / / O2bblON NU. O L A b l 66 750L klSA MANAbCMt4I ANJ UCCli,10N RULCS F u el LIGHT WATER REACTGHSOR(b) LARENT D;GR!tSMEYC4 J |A'AUTH u t. l v . OF CALIF.. LUS ANGLLES

LWi

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

/ 0 0 C0 001-00 0 0 81 b/ / o i. CliNTINUATluN 1 PAGE S4

it

ALu-l JA + UCua-c.w -oCL4 +. 27 Feb. I ,4 b :2. J A.N . 19 e,1

L AwA1LaoILIIY - N A 1 i L.4nt IL Cil. . ! C AL I N t '.J H M A T I O N St4VICt. U. L.vLeAniveal ur (.o a. c is tc . :,P a l c.u F I L L O . VA. 221o1

-GukY c J U O .) Ol i O.4 u 1.3 0P LUJC UMN I W 'r A

i n A t. I A u- 4 T a n I b tu t IN Ciet r4 0 Y PULICY !L IHd CONUULIICid GF THE HILKbr%M V Ae. 1 G u b T EC H. .otuu l t s THAT AL L VSCO TU bd4LRATE CLeiC T H I C.

Punts. e4k T Ur IHE Cut 4F LI C T 19 1.4 IrlC ATTh*tPT TG uALANCt G i b4 SAND atNtFITS d : .J l5 uCCPLY RLUTCJ IN 1 HC SGCltTAL V AL U t S UACDIN NAAINL L O :. A n l L uN L . Inid LI TUA T iu.4 IL FUNIhnh CuMPLICATED BYT i ti LA.ibt UN dmIA!NIId5 rN h l bt lE O l 's THE dLTIMATlONS. APnLLl417.nnY i-M LP U S A L FUR lbt T 4,s i tR H C aC T u r< R15K MANAGEMENTt- 4 4 M ruu L h A 1:2 9 %L Lc_ N T L D ALUNG *1fH A LCT OF LCCiblON WAKINGALLt5.

h A.mv S t l A cA NDS A 4 AL YS is ; W I S A ; CUW A W I SUN ; S AFC T Y LVALuATluN; SAFETYA JA L Y S I ?. ; n t A L I LR , LWh

/ 0 / C U LO L O l -0 0 0 01 1.,/ / od}bL lO 4 NU. UVAGloo/t2'Lu ut. s1SA n V L u b l L.4 IN n!SA ACCL P i su CC LH1TEw1A; t1U n ( b ) .. U -C r t I E i . JL;/PubTLeiAAlb oSaulM V 4.I V . vF s AL 4r . . LUL ANbtLELE l 's c I

" t- <

iU A LU - l a ts + LCLA-LNG-oved +. 10 WL. 2 FIGS. 10 r< t F S . MAACH 1961.It AvAILAaItITY - . A T l u.. AL lti CHN1 C AL l i .r- U R M A T l u N SesVICE. U. S.

u E P A r< T .N E 4 I Gr CU M.v E n CE . LW l-40P!LLu. VA. J 101liuLAY .;20vu0' f 1 Lia 0 1,;,0

:P CLCh UAvLNIRY AThACi i Ft: nISA AVEbb ATTIIUOc THAT IS INCLUUhu IN SUMC PRuPOSED WISK

ALCEPiaNLE C.s! TCn 1 A lb ti X A M I N C s . IT IL LHOwN THAT IT IS AatAACn n r l ! I LO C t h A rJ dibA A V h r4 L I U N . AS IS COMMOr4LY DdF I NCD INDutiblUN T nt .J< Y . C U:4SL L uc. 4 T L Y . THL aVUr4JAhY CUhyt SEPARATINGALLEPTALLC A .'.0 UNACCCPTA,LE M GILN5 UGCb NUT HAVE TO UE AS T H A ! L H ~I L INi_ Utd IHL LUG Ax ! T eiM IC PhCouENCY-CUNbkUUENCE SPACE.A CU4VC UF V M IAtt._ bLGPL LuLD cAPHCSS THE SAMC ATTITUDE ASL Li4 G AC IHb *LLPt Ib LCLL I H nN -1

iudub r< 1 L A ; buCl C/ W il LC 6LPH 1 CA L CON b I JEs A T I UN ; LAF ET Y AtlAuY E I L ; DEC I S I ONAanL YL I bi ANs LY Il Cat YUDt L; CO MP ak i bLN; r1A/ A RDS ANALYSIL

/u / 00i20 0u 1 -00 0 01 15/ / o4tLL ILN NU. GUAOlouJL/ub AtVICA L t- PhLHOSLu 1.*PkU Vt MC 4TL. I NCL ud l N G F ILTCH/VE44 T OF smR

-st5bumt-SUP WC6a1GN ANU P n et ICC C LN T A IN.9ENT L1G e< ( d ) LCVY b;Linutn ILsAUTH L. LtVY 1 ; .L . , CA tipt3 J LL , CA

_ l 's 421- '.3 d e+ 1 -:4P-1747 +. e1o PPS. IAcS. F I GL. REFS. APNIL 19e1IL n VA ILno lLI t v - RcbCA kCH mEPLATS CLN TC A. ELtGIRIC PCacR mE5dARCH

INST.. P.o. .m A 1009v. PALU ALTO. CA t l F . 94J03_GUWY l 20 0 00 ; i 100 O 0; ._J 0 000 ; O 50 00 0i16.4 0129aT r4 Y Af:< a C l A 1 Aft LF TrE An1 hCvlta L t- IMPnUVEMENTS INCLuulNG F I L T E R / V EN T

u t- b4R P% d b b t.M C buPP k C S S ICJN ANJ 4 An 1CLN CCNIAINMEnTL HAb bCCNCAnF I du LUf. 1I INLLUCL a a SUMMANY UtbLa19TIGN GF UPE4ATINGANJ PLAN.Ntu v4R 94CShuRE S UP PR E b b i tc4 AND PW ICC CONTAINMENTS;A WE / ld a OF IM Pa u VtM t:.Td PkUPOSCJ TO-UATC; AN AbbCLSMENT ANJ ANUPDAIlhb UF li e d alb6L AbtGCIMICu n!TH THd VAalLUL CUNTAINVENIt-AILUKL dLDtb Ab uCVLLOPtii IN It1E ACACTUR bat:bTY LTUJY; THEF LnMuL A lll>N (F A UCblbN 1&suVLuc c4 T SIhATELY cASLD UPON THts L.A 1:4 ANT RlLn LCtNA910b; AN EVALUAllbN GF VARILUS PUTENTIALPwC Vti;4T I VE A M) 4fTiuATIUr4 CO.NLEPTS AND. IN PAwTICULAd. THEAFPLI CA T ION cF F ILTE u/ vt.4T LYLIEMLi AND FINALLY, A SdT OF4CCO M M tt.u A T 1 L 4 L.

JNDS a li A (,. T LR , b 4 H 3 C U:4iAINMd 4T, ICC CLN UENbE R ; db AC IUR , P=a;$AFETYY tiV l h a ; CLN TA IN :.d N T . PNdbLURE SUPPRtSb IGN ;CUN T A I NM TNT FILTERINGS Y S T t M ; h l S A ; tP R 1 ; S AF ET Y WE V it h ;F A I LUn c Muut AN ALY S I S ;

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _

_________ ___

# / 0000 001-0C 0 011 b/ / o* CL1TINUAllUN 1 PAGE SS

Ciu T % 1tavht.T FILitkli.G S Y S I C4 ; S A F .~ T Y REVICn ;F AILukt '4006A r.ALY L 1 b,CGN f A INMC.4 T t-! L IC H I .6 SY b it:4 ; EAFE TY. G CV I E d ;F A ILUW EAJt A:4A cY 51 b; Lu: 4 i A 1.. vC.4 i t- A L T C k l a t 5 Yb l;.M

/ 0 / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1 a/ / ouHb b lues i4U. U LJu l t>o? /o

T Lc- ulbTINCTIVC A'2 PE C15 uF T rC H I Gr<It 19utt. o10 4 -P3, r.UCL C A < t rab l N L E a lt.G 1.< f te N A i l ut4 AL , 2 6 ( 3 1 ~> ) , W. 2E-25

(MAY 19e1)TubbHV 1(G000;Ic0000;23v000i f i b.4 01J9Vix l a 4 Vaua '4 t l c 4bisACT Thd MANY INnC < tN T A..D ENGINCExtD S AF L T Y FEATUweb UF TMC HTGR

t11CH CAU5d nr. LL A Sd b FRuA A A l uc bvEC TRUM OF LEVCHt ACCIDENTSIU bE uba AWL EAAAINCD. *1C T MU US ubl..o P4UMAblLISTIC RISKASSESLXE 4T H AV C f4CHE nCCCN TLY bbtN ULEU TO JuubE THE VALUE OFFURTHLa LP T I LN b , LUCH Ab 1HE AUu!IIGN LF NATUWAL CONV E C T I O NLCUu Ai4 i LGUPL.

V 40G US mLatILk, n T V A ; t- T . 61. VnAIN [HTGH);CuNCWdit. P n 3 TH E b StiD ;c'.ul>4rEk .u b eF LT Y t- C A I V A C i vt L A Y MtaT;AUAILIAnY LLOLING;GH T I M I c A l I UN ;R IS A ; T W A.4b ! U4 T

//v/ 0 0 00 0 01-G O L b l I b/ / 00'.F. 5 5 10 ' 4 NO. G 0JL 1 t,6Loi(Lc t_ A L I S T I C LS 11/A ih5 uF Ttt CUNbtuudNCtS OP- NUCLEAx AC C I DE N TSTHun(S) LER.4LUN M ; k nH 4 FsPAUTH F. LtC T h 1 C F O .d L W dtbdAnCH INST., PALO ALTU, CaTC 19d1 -

JE O10 11 PP, 3 TAbb, 4u dbFS, '.UC LC A M T C Chi'4GLUG Y , 5412), PP. % -110

( i.'. A Y 19cl)Et- b u n Y 2 30 0 0 G ; 1 *+ d 0 0 0.TIL.. 01 c.9W COUC CPRW I i. Y Asnes NUA1. TH A C I I t t' r>wINLIPAL ARLAS OF CUNCtkN FUCUS UN THE TR C A T MC;4T LF A

t. uM L: E h U r- PHYSICAL PROCCbSES. THbSL PROCESSES Aht AL4AYSL Ft H A r I V L ANu CAN 3C COU.4TEU ON IU LIMIT Thd CONLEGUENCES OF AN TAC Ttan ACCILENT. SUFFIL1hNI CHLulT 15 NOT TAKCN t- C ,i THEIRALIL1 TY IO H tD UC .:. THC NELCASC UF RxOluACTIV1TY A 4U CONFINE ITWCLAIIVELY C LU LC IU 115 suVwLE. tbTIMATES UF HlaK #ILL IMPQUVEIN uIhtCI PxLPL}< TION TO IMPHOVdMLNTS IN UU AN T I r: l C A T I ON OF TMCSEPtCNONENA. -A P I H I C AL EVIDENCC FROM 14ANY SOUkCES bhOnS THA TIPEbd P h u CE S :.E L Ah2 I r4 DE C D GPEnAflVd AND VERY CF F IC IEN T IN.i t u u C I N G IHh dELCast UF i<a u l ua Cl i v l T Y . AS A nELULT. T ed- PCLICYottiblCNS u n u.i D GN Tre SCURCE TERM 1:4 THE EVtNT UF A MAJCRHCaCTLR AC C 1 ai N T MULT ut kCASLESStD.

.e u n u s A CC I vC.4 T ; ACC ID rM i . PHOMAnILi1Y OF;W1SAikAU10ACT1VITY kdLC A SE ;ACLIUENT, CC NL CO U d ?4C E b ;C a n E MELTLUw.4;UAMAGE;F1aE

/v/ovuooul-ouvullu// o7c Sb l ute NO. 00JOlLOILbt T il CLLANuP LE SS hlSAY TMAN CU k n C N T CUNO1T10N, SAYb NRC STAFF

, 1901; Oi a PPS, NUCL e ns INuubiWY, 'o(4), PP. 20-21 ( A p ri l t 19cl).CCnY 17CU00;lbOOvv;J3OOOOr ! Ltd O liv4IkY 4, c. 4UIDI<AtT I h6 4 C Gh AMA Il L CnVthU.wtNiAL INeACT bTATCMENT GUAN TIF IES THC

tbTlhltb HI Mb fu Aa 'a l ' 4D I V I D U AL LFFb!TE R',Ch lV ING THE M A X I MU MEbllJATEU Duct" AS Ata INLisCAbda alSA UF CANCER OCATH F R O 'd3CT4thN LNL IN 1au A I LL I Ltd TV U N t- IN 700.000. 1 Hti N9C STAFFE t1AS12LD T i ti NebJ "TO PRUCLCD AS CAPEDITIOUSLY AS [ba t A L O N A t- LE FtALl6 lea IN THE CLCANUP.

vokub I tesCC MILE IiL 440 2 L r aR ) ;4E ACTCH , P W i< ; 1 4C I D EN T ; J EC ON T A M I N A T I O N ;2

AbdNCY, NbC;bTATC'ACNI, LNV1RLNMENTAL;HISK;CANCCh;DUSC; INCIDENT,MCCOVCHY PRGu

_ _ _ _ _ _ _

/OULU001-uOvolla// 3o PAGE 56

3510:4 NO. L u c o tt,tiv u t

c.L.4S At- t T v LU 4) 3 D:4 C L A b'2 It eu t- x LUURCES. n.tVISITEDUbtS) LF w 1:4 J-AUIH C as aILGC N a a I L N ,.c LAv.. TN

isnib LU a PPS. I mt t IRA 4S. f 4t;LL . SCl., a(1). PP. 92v-al (FCs. 19el)t0Lav ILuvuo;0wbubb;1%ouvv;230000

'l i I L 6 4 V 12 oHP CUut F.CUN T e< Y a

STNACT .LNLarCTY L L AU L Li. CLAbd IL Pu n t .< SLUNCtd. a lT n t:4 LIMITd CFPwVuCN1 s .O I nc r s i t 4 G .% CTICL ANU n!IH F A I L Ur< C HATESC rnt< AC i t: m i b i IC OF CUhHtte s coulPMLi4T. DU :40 T C L t. S T I T U T C AJ 15 T I NL U I S H A rr. t N!SA Ir4CntMt.4T FCH THE AVAILAGILITY uFCVCmotNCr tLECTAILAL PU 4 t R AI NUCLEAR PLANT 5.

f a b e. u d t r.L A . u t H LJ S J LIY r u A TU i< c ; tMLRGENLY POWEH, ELCLik iC; ACCI OtNT ;mAlC;eAULT T ,d E ANALYblS;FAILURL. EUU IPVEN T ; W t h

7/0 / 00 00 001-00 0011 b// u9JL L I Lt. NO. G Ut b l o b ra lIL ;2,+ C L U A h u b A i ,A LY b l S U t- a beLNT Lad r-UCL dtiCYCLZ CCMRLEAf riu h t s ) i tLI Nw lC h LAW Au t re %V ANN A n *IVr4 lad.. A l < L;9 , b. C .!L Iw0su H4L vP-l aw / +. u2 PPL. O TAOS. 19 FILS. 19 REFS. AOL. 19eo(IL avnl 4 1m!TY - L I 11 T n T I O NS GN u t ., T R I J U T l u N ; SCNU KCGUCbTS TO

vot TECHNICAL 1.4e uR A A T I U.4 C L . 4 T .'l R . P.u. uuX od. LAN R I D G ti .I t4.N . /630

LGGdY JROOvu.la00CL;4aGOOG -

= T 4 0 7. vthe-H COUt bxLJNI. Y A. ls AC T A L A t:C00 A% S A NALYS i b #Ad MACC LF Tau CPTILNS F t.H RtPh6 CESSING

IhHAJ1Altu L IG H T - #:AILR htAllLR L L d r. ) FUEL. GNC U P T I U ti IS TOCOMPLCTELY P A-< II I 10ta PLU IO!41 uM FhuM UdAr41U4 ANU F 1:: S l uNPRCuucT5; THE UrHCN cut 1 UN IS TO COPKLCEdb P LU r G.'41 UM d1TH PARTLF T It UhANI UA IN A PHOU UC T LTALAM NtVtd CONTAINING MORE THANILN PthCCNI I4. U T UN I U M . CACH UPflGN W AS DEVELOPE 0 TO A DCLREET hA T 1:1CLUutu A CL 4GLP 7U AL UtsIGN. 41TH CSTIMATb0 CAPITAL LGST SF UN AuL FACILil!LS N C LE S SA k Y TO WEPROCESS THE IHRAUIAlbD L ARF ub L ANL rmC i.,U CE UR AN I UM-PL U FON IU M MIAE0 Uxlat (MOA) FbEL FORmc i d A AJ 1 A f I C N.

=UFDS S,.FtuuAhub. . .U LL ci A R MA I C R I >< L ; F UCL RtPk LCE S S 1.NG ; IHtd F T/ D 1 VER b I UN ;LLL V C.4 T :. A T R "C 11 U. 4 PuuCE 55 ; P A A 1111 LN CLE r- F I C I EN T ; d A b T EintAIMCN1;4CAClos. L <.R ; PLu ru 41uM ; S Abu T AuC ; TW I T 10M ;CGLT ANALYSIS;a1 s

/ v / t, O LU d o 1 -0 0 u 01 1 b / / /u3 S10:4 NO. OLA0loda%7

: . )F O ..tu u PkUGr<AA TU C ALCUL AT E Thb mAU!ULOGICAL C U.iS C G U.IN CE S CFaCACTun ACCILENT> ulININ P l des 5TUDIES (IN Lei n M A.4 )

,LaL5) L Cr.UCr* L E m M;tUCT S%U T H s thi .F or< SCHUN L5 2C N TR'P4 4 A NL SRUHti . F. W. GcRMANY. 1901. N3 A rM 3092 + b li]4 RS A-7 0 0 +. lou PPS. FIGS. JAN. 19cl2VALt 4 EL M Ai.{L A VA IL An lLl l Y - S U,2 A N DISILVEdlNC, UUCUMENT M AN AGt M ti 4 T c4ANCH.

vivlSIGN UF lE CHNIC AL I N Fu m M A I I G.4 L JUCUMENT CUNTNUL. U.S..4UCLC Aw ' bbOLA TG R Y C OMM ! bS l uid, mASHlaGTuN. 0.C.-

_bGRY 15u 0 0 0 ; 10 00 0 0; 19 000 0 ;23 0 00 0'l C;. O 12 7> Ct #L t N L.<.InY uNALi i t t. r LN T h oN- IV CCMeuTEN LLLt UFLACu CALCULATED THC AADIOLOGICAL

-

C LN 5td U Ut rd.t S OF ntE A L T UR ,,C C i vE N T 5 rGn HISK STUDIES. asMELY~

_ AiiL Y ;.J E A T H S . LA TCla i C Aa 4 Ct R vEATHS AND GENETIC SluNIFICANTULEES. J I F F ER EN T MCatL5 FGR THE A I MU S PHtd R I C T R A N S P o r7 T ANDUtPod!TIGN. IHL LCLE C ALLULA TI UN. InE COUNTEsMCAbuhES AND THEINJUmlkb ARE U LC u TO C A L CU LA T t ! <4 J 1 V ! D UA L ANJ CLLLC LT I V tiIHJURY. UP lu >4 MAJ1LNUCLlotS. 10 dtdLtALC CATCGOHILS. 4wt T h u k U LU L I C s-L ~. U N E S . 10 PLPULA1 ION O 1 ST x I c$u I I ONS PCR 4UNE aiTH

|

- _ _ . _ . ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

/ v 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1 3 / / 70 CG;e T I;4U A T ION I PAGE 57

u t* TU R SLClund ANu b0 witGL. AND lid ACATMER bCuUCNCES PE9t u n. '<i A Y LC ob tu . T HC Ot T tH/IrJIL T IC RESULTS AhE CUMulNduTLt.C T nt h *lTH IHL 8LLPECilvt P ALL AG IL I T IE S Ar.D FhbuUdNCIEL TO

G I V r_ C L V <L L Y LN I A R Y CumVLallVL F Wt G ut:4CY 01 Sin!buT!UNS. THIStnLPuhi UmSCHldLb inC LOM e4J I Ch Cuot A.< D ITS I FUT ANu UUT PU T.

LHDb u cT<M A t4 Y ;LL MPL T LQ PHL.uW A f t i A CL l udN I ; te r- CCI . GtakiIC;DUbEATMLbHMCnIC L! FF vi lu..; Der US 1 T lum; ALCl utNT . CLNSCOUCNCEbiFONEIGNL ACH A..b t i s ! E a. ; KJ FU L A I 10.4 C XPCL uhE ; MGn T ALI T Y ; R ADI UA C T 1 V 1 TYn LL c. A u t.

/ 00 00 001-UO 9 u l I b/ / 71 *

5 luiJ NU. 0 0J G ! t.u 1.:,b

LLvkHLMI:C on t.C I h iIi1 *et LLc PP3. T A,CL e ed a t 4 :.3 . a t 11 ) . PP. 09-7G (dCPT. 1 *>L O )

JUmY I 90 0 v 0 ; 1 b0 0 0 t,; c.i O O OOI 0;. OIE6Th Y Ap . o uN C% A L. T L,MPnLvlbC H GS I T !Ut* 64 THE CL a r n o v t .c.,I A L lbSUL CF THLn

PLh l uL A itU C t-F cC l b O f- VC rs Y L U ., UUaCS LF LCA-LCVCL hAJ1ATION HASstnr.lTitu f e u Na 110.JAL A CAvC AY OF LCIENCES TL QL:AbE bdlR III- thC THl4D c C:.U C h 1 NL uF ! T 5 CuMI ITEE UN INL utbLU61 CALEFrCCTL Lt; I L.4 IC l.eu R Au f AT 10;.. i nt F I N#4L t.;h I d Ii1 htPORT SAYSIht 4L1 hLJuLeu Y utEO FUR CALCULAllNG Tet c AL A..CCJ-V it a RANGE OFC AN C.ik hlb 4S CuiablOwhtD A FAMILY L P- f rtCOMC T ICAL UCbE-dCSPONSEMt DLLL F6,h E:2TIMAIINL THL e< EL A T l ON bH 1 e' OL T aCCfw R A u l ,$ T I GN DOSEAf.v CANCu CA%dS. IN THebt aAL A.4CED-V IE N STuJ1EL. EMPHASIS NASP LA Cd d UN T H.. "LINCAh-OuAunAIIC" MODr L. WHICH %UVIUCS A .4EDIANL Aacd n -h I L A ES TI MA1 L oEFAdEN T nC UPPE R AND Luahk dbTIMATCSHnuJCCiEu OY T nt ed .4 C L1aEAd As4U QUAJhATIC MODEsS. IHUS, ALL wdLMlbd P L b ! T I L.'4 .v A S LTRUCK oY Il C cALANCdO-Vidd PANEL.

DRuh LLa LtVLL R A L1 AT L ON; h AD 1 AT IUN C Fr- C C I ; h ,4D 1 A T I O H cu+0LUdd.CHnualCinAulATIUN SAFCTY Ai4D CCNTRLL;RAu1ATION PNultCTIGN.Ubu AN I A T IGN ;M lb s ;C A.NCEh

b/Obv00GI-OOv0!!a// 72LLIUN NO. UOXOlubGiu'

LCRTAIN Ar>PH LA CH E S 1U NAulAllGN FAtluk S T Arau A m u l i,. T I ON (INn USb ! AN )

h (5 ) Ith 4 At. AV ; MO IS tier AA19/cNb PPS. IZul. LSbk. NL. b -b3. PP. c r.,- 9 1 (197o)

JALC U TticR LANGuChY 1t0000;21000GION O idothy nmL1 SLNL e,n t,C C L U 4 L ASPLLTS IN The LV ALU A I 10N GF THC ACCCPTAELb

ntSA t- x 0 4 A raDIAllON F A CT GR Akt Coa:210hRhu. THC ULL LFGe.CL wuG I C m0 901D 1 IY UR MLRTAL!rY. aHICH ANC AVCHAGCD FUk ALLThh PG PULA T 1614 Ab A .w H O L C . PnUVEu TU uE UNatiL I AcLC Ab ACnlIERlux FOn EVALUAIION OF ACLdHTAMLE NAD1A1 ION A154. IT IS:.: UG uCb f r.D THAT A % ATIVC IhnAu1ATlyN N!bA L HU U Lf> bC DETERMINEDav CU%PAhlNL T nd INCIUCNLC UF lhG ADI A T ION-INuuCLD NEUPLAbMSn lTH ThC SPO NT ANELUb FRCuUCNCY UP ThtbE NCLPLASMS IN THC A GELh0UP UF UP IU 30 YEARS ULs. AN EUU A T 10N IS CIVtN FORCALLULAllNG A VAA1 MUM Pde M ISbicLE IHhADIATION LIMIT FOR LARGEPLPULAIILN UnUUPb.

Waub CFF cc i . undt ;w AJ ! AT & ON L FF CC T ; N AD I A T I u.'4 d APLSUht;PLPULA IIGNAPUGURL;uGSm LA L CUL A I I GN . C AltRNAL;DCLE CALCULATIbN. INTdRNALi

UbSu;k1SK;PUtLIC f.dL A T l G NS

a/ 00 00 001 -60 0 C 11 b / / /3!2blLN .w L . OOJ01LbOlcd PLAN T LArCTY A ND PVcLIC A15K IN NUCLCAR EntHuYUH(b) JLUISCH h4AUTn L NCRAL PHYSICS CGR9

1sbuO4 e> P S . pub t l C UT I L I I I:is r-U R T N I GH T L Y . 106(11), PP. 16-21 (NOV.20. 1900)

bury 010000;230000

. .. __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .__ _ __. >

_.

/ OO v0 0 01 -00 0 0 l l s/ / 7? CLNTINUATION 1 PACd 56

UN L1 nTRY Ao P or .s

uALI "'O wLAPLEX rAL1L1IY sE S 16NF. s A:46 LPCnATcb uY .V t. 4 CAN bd.

A.,SouviccY L , t; t , " LArb T hd A U T HLi< - 1.u T C V C's A NULLCAR REACTCGU!ILictU FUh tLCLI4iL Pts .,C a LCNtinAIlo:J. "THCRh !S A VERY SMALLWue A u l L I I Y IM AI A Ld9IEL LF HIGHLY U:sLI ACLY iv Lt. T d CLULD C C CU R, I MUL T A t.C L U': LV , mL5ULTIHu IN A FA1LUwL b r- The CLN i A IN Mr;N TLTmuCIJnt alIM Irc ~cLCAtt OF LANLC uuANIITIES LF hADICACTIVITYIL lMd AIAbb-Stk._." mis AhI1CLL PhbVILd5 AN UNUSUALLYLuccnr1ce CL MPaaldAL LF T r1C P%UdetCIL FUM NUCLEAR MISHAP ANOIr el riv M AN C L ^a CL V h. a. L b - I N J L e< Y AWD O L A T r1 fu PcsbvNb AND LCSSa t- +0eln TY M4J % db Y . IT ALLU TCLLs 3 HAT C ,. 4 at Car E , AND ISc u l ..v J L . . ._ , 10 A ! .' e l M i d t Tisc exLhAdlLITILS UF NUCLLAh ACCIDENTA.*> A ! I E w.s A.41 LULbed. ( L r1 )

Y .s t m u b LLC u d I i Y iN -U L.v cd , bArZTY .F ; RAU L A I ILN LAFtIY ANs CC;4 T RCL ;R I S K ;m L; 41 71 T V3 ,IS s; % C Iut|4i ANALYbl5;bAFCTY PHINCIPLtJ ANDU NI L obu-NY ; 5 si.10 / PM I LJ bO PH I C AL CvNblJERATIdN

//b/ 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 0110/ / 7*3 5 b 14 r4 c.u . OUUvic+%44(Lt dPtLIFILATlo . t.F Lu +U T A T 1 JNxL ArW OACMIhaH(5) 4 aL L 1 ra ; A Al)L AA;r-ubT ml4PauTH L A.. A t !. L c u l V S xu - lad., CALIF.Tc 15.o121- U1L NLhEU/Cm-170 + V C.< L - l h c ;;, +. IL7 PPL, 3 IAuL, 19 Fibs, J A;4.

15,o I

slL AvalLAblL11Y - NATiu..AL TCLMNILAL IN,-L m .1 A T I G o d S C-e v l C L , U. S.Le n r< T M C c. I b r- CD:UncmLt, LPnl.0F1_LO, VA. kg1oI

tUthY veuv0%;2J6 LouI 1 o.9 Gluo

:P Ct,J- LC.NIHY A, T h e. C I Trt aunA ntPutTEv IN THIL ULCU CNT wab r* E H F J H M t v U.wUt- W

aunLuc.THACT TJ I sc L a .e n t . .C t L I V CRM LR: L ALi O R A T u m Y AS pan T GF THESCILAIC 5 FC f f MAnG1..L htECAhCH inLGAAM (SLMhP) L P U N S L .lE D bYfta- V.b. N U L L.i AA r< C L UL A T Ln Y LU W I S S IC f.. I .e u SUoCUNTMACTORSStAC Abets to utvCLuP SPEC IF Ica T & Uab F Lt1 A L GM PUT A T l uN,.LA.&NuaCn Tu ed U LE s TL HELP ACCLMPLILet THC Ue JCLT IV ta LF THeh.. k P . f r11 S OLCuv.CNT utrwtSCNIS TIC SPCCIFICATILNS at V c LOeE D;, Y UNL LF Test LU DCOl d I N A C T OR S . TML *Uh4 WAS Pt W r; G R M EU IN CLUSC

C LU n J 1. . A T l ut. .v 1 T t i LLL auT RE PRcSCN TL THE APwhCALrt LLGGESTCO bYTHt 5Uutu N T R AC IG H . all A l THE ACTUAL COMPUTATICNaL APPROACH dlLLek i Ad Yti TU oC DCTchML..LJ NU l i.FLs M A T I ON L C V c.L a et D IN THISsuoCONINACT a l ._L ad undD Tu tCtr JLTCRMINE THAT A +RU,sCH.

nok35 S IT 1.6 ; Sc l S A IC uCSILN;SLISMuLOb(; i c4T t- w AC T 10N , 501u AwdLinUCideC;HA AhDS AN ALY L IS ;b T A I 15 I IC AL AN ALY bl 5 ;LLNSI T I / I T YA 4A L f d l S; AN ALY I L LAL AudC L;M A IltC% T ICA L d T UDY ; r< I L A ;HJC A I NRC-R D ;. 4 M. n A

/0/0000001-000c11a// lbTLslu 4 NG. JuVO1ca.4.m_c . r. C STAFF I L LO C d THmhE n LP urs T b uN LRsAN TRANaPURT OF

.. ~010,6C I I V t VAILkiALbs,iU T i s t s .L . NUCLEAW r4CLULATuRY LLMMlbbin 4. 19cu

M

J Nhc 7E4L htL CA SE co-1ob +. 1 Pb, FCs =CdA ti N u l .w G SdeT. 2J,aScu

.UU : Y O2vuvo;J,_v000; wyOuOIILN O 1.? c' CCJc . . hC4TRY A

<ACT T tt- P A 1 NL 1 P A ._ Or. t 1* " TR atac PLA T A l 1 CN Ct- AAJ1vNUCLIUtS IN Ub6 ANav1RLNb: unAFT Ec4v 1xuravt NT AL AbbLLbvtNT" (%udE0/Ca-0743).C:PHAblb iS FL ~C .:.D LN CSTIMA1ING L I .<c C T 4AOIs.LLOICAL IMPACISSUCH A s hL st TH ANO todNOAlC n I b6 Aav CC4SEGUCNCcd CF SEVEREINCL 3ENTL. LT ML a .-< C Pt] 4 T b aMICM 4ILL at PART UF IHC TECHNICALo ubC FUh THE S TAFF't LTavy A R F_ " I v CN ! I F I C A T I LN Aas ASSELLMENTof THc SLCIAL IMPACTb LF THANLPGsTATION OF dA01UACT1VEhlENIALs la U kd AN L.4 V l W t v. ut 4 T b " ( aum CG/CR-0 44 4 ) ANv "%CvlC#Aiau 1..TEuhAILOW LF LAldIING LIICWAlukE C U N C E r. N I.'a u PU!LNTIALL i.i 1 A L 1 mACTS OF T w A.4Se uA T A T I GN uF *< Av l u A C T I V E ;4 A T L A 1 AL S 1:4

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ -

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ 0 0 00 001 -0 C 0 01 l b// 75 CCNTINUATIGN 1 PACE 59

d xh AN A e.t A S " ( NU h .G / CH-O 74 2 ) .u <v s A tu.C Y , ah C ; L.4 V 1 at/4N_N T ; ni b4 ; SUC 1 U /r>ri! LOSOPh t C AL C ur4 $ 1 DE h A T I Ci. ;

i a A N dPu,s I A i I LN A : .., M s. .ut l'4 L

/ U / OU v0 0 01 -UO VO l l G // /0L551 d 4 ?.u . G VJ U l G a* ' I bLL lubC5 LF u! SALTER: pen C PT IUII ANU A LCt P T AN CL LP m l SA S FROM

. L C L t. A n e- C a t .sEhJ,<(b) L uV10 -;L Ic hi tc4 L Td I:. S;ntSchMLFr bIL 19s9VL L

T A vd . '. Flub. .,1 harb. CLECT41C Pt R L PCC I I VE S . 79/3.MU la ppd. *

PP. .: c v ( J U. .- 1979)IEUGnY UluC00;<aOOOO1 I1 LN Q l s_ t,JN1wY AdTuACI AuThuubh mP P LS i l i t .'4 10 N LC Lt; AR ebatR rt A b MANY CAubbS. CONCE9NS

ALUU T bArclY UNovuuTtOLY PLAY A .iAJuk kULE. UVbH INC PASTSCV t >< AL Y E A ls L . LLCCil?!C Pd rs ,;,PE C T I V E L AND UTnERS HAVC btEN:., y b I C M A 1 1 C A L LY I . .V d b I I L A T I r40 r>Uut1L P Ers CEP T I GNS O r; RISA FROM4ULLCmk PLa t es ANv U l r tt a r,AJAnuLds ACTIVITIEd. FnGM TMIL

RL AbCH. a uu A.41 1 T A T I V t DebCRIPTltN UF THE A T T I T JDEd .W h LCP I ION S Ma dAP CTATluud UF dueC ;C A t 6< S OF THEm. . I l . J CL e a r< PUcLIC MAb ttLN PICCLU IObcTHCR. THE IMAbtS LFPUICuf!AL c4ULLEAn D I L AS T r-R S THAT r1 AVE c2EEN FLRMLa Ir4 THESEPtuPLc*L v I N r.,5 amL k t M A rs A A t,L Y UIFrERLNT t-ALM THC ASbE 5 bMEN T SPJB FLH i rt LY AGb! TECHNitAL tx Pt . T L. (b4H)

ra .s h u s hits;oLNLF1T vb 41 S A ; bOC IU / Pn I LUSC Pril CA L CONS I UCh a i l L N i PubL I C.CL A I l o;c ; .< A uf A i l uN . PuutlC COUL A T 10:4 ;O l s A ST E R ; ..UCL E A R REbATb;HArnsu. *EL A !! VE

'/L / 0 0 v0 uu l-00 001 l b / / 7?iCSLlWN NG. O LJ O l L-. b i talL ouC > T I Ui. UN ..UCLtAN PudCH 6<lbAd A CALL FUH AClILNHG.. ( L ) T E L C r1 oLL 19L0'E u10 4 sPS, cUuLt II N ATOMIL b t I Cist i b T S . Jo(7). PP. 50-u3 (5EPT. 1960)hGdRY OlOOOO;idvGUOT 10:4 u 12 oJNIRY Abe a01Afi< A u r Sudb l AN T I AL tVIOLNCE SUGCESTL THAT FOR A GUAiTER LF A CENTUdY

I t t. U.S. FevLiaL uuntAUCmACY AND InE NUCLEAk INDUSTRY HAVEJtLISLWATCLY JCutiveu THt PUutIC AbLUT IHC Rlbsb LF NULLEAm.J L a t a . rACTd APPtAk TV HAvt TEEN SY S T E NI A T 1 C A L L Y alTnHELD GkLlLTRNTCv nNb Cn LCU L A T I O N S 61 A dC;> lia Ohatifi TL PkCSENT NUCLEARPuuts aN A ravtWAuch LIGHT. vIbchCPANCICS Ex1ST oETwEEN NHATn LLPU'.S I ult bCltNf1 sis TLLD THC PueLIC ANU SUMEl1MEd THEC Lc4G R c d b At> L UT Tnt AISAS UF NUCLdAn PGaCR aNU a HA T THEY ANEaTw I NFun u T IJN AVAILAdLE TO THEN AC1UALLY SUGGCLTED.

'a u h D 5 S e t. A C S M A ; s . FcotsAL;AbCNCY. F eudw AL ;hC CUL A T I GN. FtuthAL;I f avub i k Y , NUU cat. ; R I ' r<, ; P u 4 E R PLANT, NUCLd Ah ; HA Z/m s . dELAT1VE;MAZAAOS a.4 AL YS IS ;S AF t TY tV ALUA TI Lt4 ; SAFE T Y MAkGIN

/0/0000001-0000115// TubbblGN NU. 0 vC01 L 4 %6.C NUCLEAR htACTOR S Ai:CTY SCLSICN_ l90L

; IL/ reb. W. 2W THRU woa t r: TRANS. CF Thb AMEX 1CAN NUCLEAW5tcIdTY. VJL. .a 5 . FnoM i vc 0 aINTER ACE T T 1G ; 4AbnlNuTON. O.C..NLV. Iu-e1. 19 to

h_ AVAILA61LITY - AMEAICAN NU C L;. A ,< bOCICTY PUELICATIUNS. 555 N.s tra:,,1 N G l o.4 a vC . . LA LRANed rN M , ILL. t;U 5 c b

:GQhY LLLOJo;;.:20000: 000000;110000;1/0000;1o0000T I CM C IJ64T kV A!RACT T rC b d LcdSlor b INCLJOEU: TntRMAL REACTOR dAFETY

( l H ER M A L--N Y D h A UL I C ANJ tiCA T IRANSFEh PMdNOMENOLCGY. nEACTORikANSitNTS AW aCCICtNTS. AND FUEL ANALYSIb AND Exr>E 91 MEN T S ) (3

-

ShdSIUnb), F Ad T SEAL 1Uk dAFETY (kCLATdD # 3M r._N CVE NU LL G Y , PUST

A CC l J c. 41 MCAT %dvbvAL. ANJ C XPER I MENT S AND STWUCTURAL DYNAMICS)to LESSIONS). PLUS FAST nEACTOR 5ArETY AN A L Y S tis , H I S K AND

._

/ 0 0 00 001 -UG 0 011 b/ / /r CONTINUA 11UN I PAGE 60

h LL I AS ILI T Y mALYt2S. Ai4 L ACCEPTAuLC kISA CR1 TIE 9IA ANUUCC1LIUN ?-i A 41:4L.

Ubub b C AC ILh . I nC hM AL ; hd A C T C R , e h r. ; h E . C T L,< . LaR;,iEACTOR, cak;rtncruw. Lw c,< ;R e AC i un , r.n L C L b ,< ; N ti A L T u w , e adT ;;I b< ;PuoLI CurL A T I vNb ; ittiR eA L MY Li. A U L 1 C ANALYb15;ACLIDdNI. NYWU1HETICAL;CLat MELIDUa..;LTHUCTukAL A.ALYbib, Of.AMIC;bAFETY ANALYSIS

t /L / v 0 00 001 -00 0 011 b/ / 79i

LL?> 21 G T4 .O . u GL U 1 v4 **U !T L;: ,LI a4,.TIVt r '4 LR GY I CLs1N LLLG !t d A r. D aYbitMS btSdICN

.TL l '.a0Pt L90 . PPS. F- P . IL IHrsu 2. OF IuANL. LF Ir L AMERICAi4 NUCLEAh

SLC I E I Y , VOL. 3b. FWUA 19u 0 aINTEa CE ilab ; 4ASHI4GTLN. D.C.,

| .mV. lo cl. 19 eO! Alt ,vAltaulLITY - AALRILAN :.U C L L A r< buCItTY PUBLICATIONS, bbb Te.

s u ds l a G T u.. n VE . , LA G n A. . tt PuRA. ILL. 60325I t L.Jn Y U 1 0 0 0 u ;.? ,; 0 0 0 u

-

1TILN 0 12 oJtil W Y A.> 8 < A L I I nl b bL SL I L.J l i .C L U1.i v N i raC Ab5TnACTS LF PAPEh5 UISCUbSING: THb

1. .v u b l R Y L,4 'ANVLY I LL A.w , ANU 1Ib PUltNTIAL Maza4Ud, A bbE bSMEN TJ AvVaNCcu G I AL --M a d t v E E r> R U G H A M , t N ;_ R G Y 15 GUOD

sLCA FCh C L.W LE T E ad s b IN HEALTH IMPACTrux Yudh McALTH: A eALSLbbvC.Tb, A bd C bS M._N T LF ACTLAL nNu PLri ce l VEU x1546 UF dNERGYM t.LLPvtNT. i<lbAb la t N L,< G Y LCNc6 A T l uN AND bbCIE TY 'S VALUATICNor LIF- S A V 1 tsu . ALThe4AItvt Lt.L Mb Y LYbTEAS AISK A b.:,t b 5 4 E N T .c . C. A u Y PLANNiab l a D CV tL LP liib A.J v INDUSTx 1 AL I Z li.6 LUUNT41CS,t. A l l u..A L ENCnGY AU60 PhutdAML FhLM A:4 INichNATILNALete b vLv T I Vt . ANU A fdk.4A11VE ENtHbY ItCHNOLOGldd ANU Oti V EL OP I N Gr

CLUNIRV ctEDb.fabhub u t . L T , l c PG n s . ALTLwNATE;COMPARILGN. FACILITIES;d 4E7GY SCU9CE;

r1 AL A a u , w C L A l l /t ; U.. I I LD .s i c u sG M ; R AND 0 PR L6R A M ;C UA L ; F< A D I A T I ON ,sucLIC LJuc A 11 GN ;H I E A ; I W Tth N A T I LN AL ;F RANC E

//U/0000U01-L00011S// oQidSS1UN '4 G . U L J G 1 c's t,c 3

!Lt u'v._4GnGuhu w NbTkUCT10'4 UF cUCLtAR PuaEH AnACTUASI tid h ( b ) l' IN T O b4P A U Itt L .e l L b P CvEHA L INL T . FCh REACIOh HEidAnCH. a U h ti NL I NG E N ,

5.1 T ZE h L, .wD

C 19u0't CiG 1c Psi, 2 TAL3. e F1GS. i.U C._ __ A N C.LIN2tRINO L Lti b I GN , 61(3),

+. 441-Sc ( d L. 1960)kbbhY J <_0 0 0 0 ; I c O OO vi id v 0 0 0TIC;4 G IL o

1N T a vba NeuCTnAuf T ril b PAPth SLMxARIZEb 1HL VAIN FI N U IN GL OF A COMPNEnLNSIVE

S TUL Y OF I r-E U Na c n G r< GUN D b l T hi.G CF NUCLEAh P C a ti k PLANTS CARNIEDUUT AT IMt S u l bS F E b t- A A L I Nb f ! T JT b FOR RCACTad 8ti s ti A A C H . MAINAIM or THE liWEbi1GAllCNb Maut 4Ab TL ILENTIFY SUITAcLE SI T Is.GveIANTS Aav Tu CVALUATt The eda 51 OIL 1TY, THE SArCTY PUTENTIALAND i t sC CubT OF THt CONC CPT . TU UF Thb LAYOUTS UtVELUPEU FORfte MAIN L I r lN G AL TERAN T IVEb - T rte h0C< CAVITY ALTERNATIVE ANDT Ht- PIT SITING - Asc t>R I LF LY D E SC f< l b ku . IN THELE odElGNS ANALCIDENI 41IALATlON SYS TCM bAbtD Ur4 T Ht; PRL5Sunt HELIEFC t.N C w l . MC A :.T To RhvULL THC CuNScLutNCES Fuk THC PVdLIC ANDTht CN V Ir uNMLN I IN Tht CASL GF CAT * cmc HYPOTMC11 CAL EVENTS. MASt. LE N PnLPLLCu AND AN C9 A LU A T ION OF 1Tb PERFunMAr4Ctb HAS OEEN6 A ,C lu uuANi!FY T siti AtHIEVAcLE k i bA a tD UC T I ON .

*UHv5 L a l ! 4 t:<L A,v i :.1 I I NU ; b I T S N b, 4 L A C I L A ; AG C ST A ( P WR ) ;CLN T A I NMEN T .U NJ t' 9 Lh l u NJ ; LL N T A 1.wM tc T , PsESSUAE NELIEF;tLUNOMIL 2; Rib 4

/3 / 3 0 00 0 01 -00 0 011 a/ / e1iC0luN .40. O vJ u l c * cr o

'

" ' I l '4 A T I N G C AN Qi n 41 LA b FROM LLd UCic h LF I C r 41217.u HAu!ATICNiJd(b) # 40 Ld>AUTH 4AI!UNAL C A N L. R INbT., a THELDA, MARYLANO. l960

0> / PPS. * I A ab. 30 WEFS. LCIENCE, cG9(4*oC). FP. Il97-200a

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

,/0000001-000011.s// 31 CGNTINUAT10'4 I PAGE ol

( th P f . 1, 19c0):, U 4 Y 1:vouO;19000b;c3GUOGl u.4 0let

41 W Y n

tw % Cit,T<ACT U 1:, A vo E L ALid T s McLUT THE WMAT IC k 1 SKb FhuM L u .4 UdbEb 0F

I L. 4 I Z l .h haw 1A T 1 LN bTLM tNUM T .v G u ! FF ICUL T IEb r JJU AMEN I AL TOThc LLo!L LE !N unENCC FAUM LubC4VAIILNAL DAIA, F16LT, PHEC1SCu t .. .. C T c h11 M Al 104. GF aM A LL nibAd htOUIAub IMP 4ACTICABLY LA4GEwe.PLtS. S L LU ;.J . P R CC I L r- E b T 1 -in f 'i s G F Lu a -OLSC R l bA b d A SF DmAmLCLY u;. H10H-vu2_ VATA. FOR ah!Ch THE SAMALE 61C5m t'J u l h d h t.w T b A . s ti VOhC :i A bl LY L A T I LFI CJ , 4Ubi D C PE.4 U ME A 'J I L Y ONn aOAPilLNb Aa LU I T he SH Ar E LF THC JUEE nCSPCNSE CURVC, EVEN2

- L ., LF I n t. PnaAMLTERS LF Tite THCOnElILAL FURM LF4 t it i . L ..L Y n

| I r.L LU 6s k t A.<t UNKNUaN.'YvosD5 'L LU n t / l x ; C A . s_L n ; u l v. ; L F F cC I , SwaAIIC;RAU1ATILN tFi CCT ;R AJI AT ICN

h VLdLhi, Ch sGi.1 C ,Ltn LEVCL h AJ l A T 1U.e ; SAD 1 A T 1U:4 aoutL;DGbh;PLeUL A I IL 4 Lu2LSunF

//u / O U u0 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1.2/ / d2GLb 510. 4 Nu. U Ld C 1 va9 +bILc Ttt JFFLLTS tF u nTUs e L d t ti s .G.a tie A Ui. The tAALN NUCLLAw CUMPANY

**lAbu L A lub F A Ld l C A T ! GN FLANT *T siCnLAi40, aASHINGTU:.*2 A U l r1 U .L . .UCLEAn nLGULAIv6Y CGM.M i bb 1u:4IC 1WOsh htu .UR t u-0 7L2 +. 4 ._ PPL, 1 4.' TAub, Ib FIGd, lo 4 :i F b , stPT. 1 */ L O'IL -VAILAbIw1TY - N A I I Ut. AL TttttN I C AL INr OnM A T IGN SCRVICt, U. S..

EPARTMENT OF CC oCRCC, iP h t . 0F id LD , /A. 22101f Lb L.< Y 1.*u 0 00 ; 010 0 0 0 ; 13 0 u 00 ; 0 20 00 0 ; luuGOOlllu4 Olus4P LLut NhLJN T R Y n,TntCT a c4 a.4ALYSIS LF ThL CrFECTb up NATunAL PHENO %NA UN THE EXXON

NUCLEAN LUNPnNY M1AEO U A IDC FALRICATIGia PL %I t. I kICHLAND,, AL H 1 Nb T L'J H nS GCLN Ph2P skE b dY IME OFFICE LF NUCLEAn MATEklALS AF C T Y A..s S AF CG unk U'2 IHb ANenLY b i S IS IN LUPPLAT OF THEA LIAL NUCLLAN M A T E R I A L ::. LICENdt HCLD oY ThC SUuJtCT COMPANY.11 AouHtbECb T rti r R LO AbL E CFFtCTb LF U AM A GE IL T t IL b4xUN2

'.uCLCAR COMP //J Y MIALv Oxtut F AuRI CA TI ON PLANT DY SC Vr_ w h *E A T tt- RANu LANTHGUANt ANs CANCabEb T hti CGi4LtLutNCt GF DAMALC AS DUSEIL L C V E h i.L HL4AN RECCr2 TQ h5. THE O llc b THA T ntibOL T FROMF AC IL 11 Y OAMeGL ARE M LL T I PL 1 hd bY leit UCCU4RENCE KnTC FOn THEInlTIA11NL t vtN T YIELDING IML YE AHLY Hlbs.

'wu40$ t- LC L stesOLEb51NL;LluCNSINu P4 0CE Sb ;h NV I R ONMLNT ;MU T CCLL ;S I T IN G;OuLt ; LE I LMLL LGY i * INd ; FULL R E CY CLt ; e4_U TON I UN ; R I S A ; Ot NE F 1 T VS4 lu ; Al AEu D A1 Ld ; r- Ab a l C A T I Cid F AC ILITY ;hEPOR T , ENVlhUNMENTAL

'/U / 0 0 0U 0 01 -0 0 U 011 a/ / o3Lb5luN No. 0 0^ 01 L 3 7c 3Lt. NLPURT GF TN- 4ILN/INulAN Pulal b T UuY : vuLUML 1HLR 15 ) wUnF I N ,b

PAUTH aANCIA Nn T ! U NA L LAdb., ALSUGUtHGUC, N .M .t 1960L 'I

O coun t G / C w-1910 + S ANU oO-O L17/1 +. Ar-P R dx . 400 PPL, FIGb, REFS,-UO. 19eo

IL AVAILABILITY c4ATIUNAL IECHNICAL INe-GRM A T I ON LERVICE, U. S.UtPAnIMLNT UF CJMMERCC, U2 R 1 NL F I C LD , VA. ic161

tubaY I 70 00 0 ; ic,G O O G; 14 000 0 ;0 e0 CO G ;i_30 00 0T I G ?. O 1._ +9 Cuut AVA'4 T k Y n

IRACT Init hEPLh1 CZ) N T A l '4 b UE T AILLv dELULTb LF A STUDY FLn THEI c N I I r- I CA T I LN O t- 4EnCIOW CL.i E -ME L T ACC1ubNT M1TIGATIGN'EASUWdb AT IHL <_ ION Ai40 1 NO l A:4 PUINT PLANTS. M1TIuATION-

b1 R A T E01:.b H AV E uCEN IDENT IF itC TnAT dhus P*< t '4 l b E LF PNGViblNGLAxLE H E U U L 1 1 J .N 1.4 C uN bu uGLN CE b FOR SPEC 1FIC ACC1 VENT;EuutNCLL. U*tVtd, a I T rtu T A.4 LVERALL <164 ANALYSIS, IT IS. ibT CLEAN TO 4 HAT E x TEN T A blvhN MITioATION SCNEME RELUCC5U%ERALL mlbs. ThC blVLY EVALU-Tc0 FIL1LRED-VENTEJ CCNTAINMC*lTsYbTCMd. L f L A4 EAPLOblCNS, NYOWLGtN OUhNING, HYDH LGE:4 LUNTROL4LASUMEd. MELT /CLNCRElb nN U Mr_ L l / M GG INTCRACTILNb, A .D MtLTDL*NP F LN uML NLL Ub Y.

_ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ti

, / 0 0 00 001 -0 0 0 011 a// cs N CONTINUATION I PAGE 62

usLS h.x(;Nat-7; lDN 1 ( s '. R ) ; t 10 N 2 (Pwk ) ; [ NO I Ar4 eUINT 1 (PwN);1:,J 1 A;. ru IN T d ( P a w } ; t r. .; I A N l'u I;41 a ( Pw R ) ; RE.AC TGh , par;COWEnC L T su e. .. ;.41 i n ; i>L e uL A I I LN E XPLL UhE |C XPLCS 1ONi HYJ ALGLTJ ;s

CL.,1 A I c4 T N I t j L F Cn 1.4 u SYbIEM;knb]GAtI1V1IY *< bLCa bC 3 A CC I LCN T ,LU55 LF CLULib e T

7/ 0 / C O v0 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1 a/ / c4;CLLION NO. GLCU10s319FLC I?llCGsAIaLN tt CAv/CnM dYbTEMS F L << Pd3TECTIGN C t- d T s V C TU T< A L

C t./A p Q{ { N { $

I t rJ 9 ( L ) bi 40._9 bLil RJle2v1H b i. u .*Ua ,.N ALnmsACc CONP., e t T rtP A G , N.Y.fC 19oOP t- L4. 10 PPL, PP. 0a-Ic, :.iO A PUoLi bMns uY PL C t4 U M PktLL, N.Y., 1960

(lbb7 u ;. G t, --O *t. 6 - 4 ) (PntCtCulNGb LF d4TH 5ALAMOWE ARMYl A T C '41 a L L W L L C ,,4 C rt C t .NFE h t t.CC UN Mix 0 F A IL umE AN ALY S15 FUN

j l t.Ph uV L D PLhPOhAANCL 6 HLLIAhlLIfY; LAAE GEUnLt, a.Y.. AUG.I 21-26, 1%/7))LGChY I1000G;U9COOc;cabuoO) T 1 tr a v 1._3p.1 hY A

fl >< AC T .IIH IHL ,4 v v EN I ,F CL.-PulCh Gk APtil CS, A TECnNLLUGY 15 A FFO r' D ED<

re NNioY ekubiC T v t 5 f G.4 IS THutY tSCwIDLO BY A S1NGLC SUURCE.I hl b LLunCE, TLLIUING AL A M ATnt t A ! !C AL MOOCL li. A COMPUTER, 15ACCE bbd U fu v1LChtItLY dtLLhint AsL M A Tit 4G PARTL ANs TObte.CHAll MAC6iNc PAh15 ru EllHts F A5.< l CA T E THE PAniS OR TOt ,.o n I C A l t inu IULLS nCCu lhEU TU MA<L lHE PAMI. THE FAMlLY OFT tOL 5 iS Aud LC ED UR LaIIRELY E L l '-: l N A T C J IN THE PRLCESS. TnENCI NL5UuT 1b AN 1.W40ViNENT 1N CLsPUNcNT eARTS OUALITY AND INau I M P n L vC U eddNUuY .htlCH lb MOnE LIAELY TO PthPOAM ITSr- LN C i l u.4. Tr15 (,t t A P T ti vE L LW 1 uC b THIE TECHNCLLGY AND hMOwS HO WIT IS L> h l t.G 1wPLetNTLD 10 J#PdLVE'PRCOUCI GUAtlTY. (EhH)

' L9US FA1 Lush NovL ANALYbIJ;R1M istL1Ac.,1L1IY, COMPUNtN1';EGUI MEN 1JLS 1 G;. ; + .4aLY l 1 CAL hiU U h L ; J L b l U N 5IUvY;-AdRICATIGN;60VIPNENT

7 /0 / 0 0 00 0 01-GO V O ! I b/ / c54. b d I O N NC. 00L010421c'Lc 4IL.suCIkLulT MtLlaulLITY CHA rt aC T CH 14* T I GN;hdh(5) NAhtbAY JJ.eAulM u te l F F 15 5 AFO, n u .4C , ?..Y.! t' ISoOst- L46 k. c PPL, W. Lol-aud, t>OC A PUuL 15t tCU aY PLENUM PHCbb, N.Y., 1960

( l ac N 0 ouo wO w o-A) (PhoCEEv1.wb L t- 24TH LAbaMCHb ARMYhlCHIALS NE W AR CH CuNFEhENLL LN RibA t, FAILURL ,uv ALY S I S FCWIM4;UiLU FtkFORMANCE G RELIAnILITY; L AC GCUh6C, N.Y., AUG.cl-Co, 1977)

Euuhv 1 IG 00G ;G%OOO L; C3 OOU GTICN 0123

it.T W V A. I R ,4C T SE M I '.Cv.D UC T O h NICnOCINCUITS wRtSLNT A PA RT ICUL A RLY DIFFICULT

C H,.L LE N hC , 1N TERMS GF C nA n A C T ER 14 IN u I nC 1 h RELIAoILITY.CLNVtNIIGNAL <ELIAdiLITY AN A LY b 1 ';, P4LCL)URES Anb INAvCGUATC,Aas .4C f :.LS T M LT HLJ 5 AND INSihuMthTATILN MU5T cL UEVELOPED.T t ;C N t L I m31 L IT Y PHYSILS ,PPRLnLH TU e<EL I AB IL I TYC hA k AL T Ek 14 A 11 GN [S JISCWSCu; ?' 19 CONCERNCD wITH DEVELOPINGA IHUROUuh U ND ER b i A NO I NG OF TH6 516 FA1 LURE MCCHANISMS INTMdLE vE'V I CE :., ANJ H U nv T tt Y P" , L; .; 41TH TIME AND STRESS. THEMAluEvATICet MLt>CLS FLR lte ACi s ARE es E V i b enE u . ALbO-

.

D chtR I J t.. Ib T Ht Ust UF it i' u it. Ot vLcOPING SCRmENINGs

1tST5 1L "bCWEEN CUl" A Po Yn FAILUNC MCCHANILM, AND TtST STO %CCELERAIL PARTICULAh ACna. 6 S'i TU CAUSt DEVICE FAILUPE.a

T YP I C AL 41CA LC lk CU1 T F A 1 U h ti M t CrtA N i'. M L AnE LEbCRICED. (E*H).tu R v5 FAlLunt MhvL % N At ya l b ; C ds ;R EC 1 au ! L I I 't . CCMPUNENI; INSTRUMENT,

C LNro.. N 1 ; I N bT hu.nr.11, C U r.T WLL ; CUM PU I E a CONTxLL;1%iAUMdNT,slblTALiaLL!v ST AT L sCVICE \

/0/600U001-000011b// no.dS10N NO. O Cu o l t,3 21 )

.L LFFEC1 LF a L A,1 UN PtnFURNANCC ANU ntL 1 At31 L 1 T Y,UR(5) SLt NP;S4%A NMUl H .1 A5 5 . I n.b T . <F T tC%ULU G Y , CAMSW1Ubb

1Sc0

s

_ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ___

/ 0 0 00 001 -0 0 0 01 I b/ / ao Co . 41 1.' 4 U A 1 I I,N 1 PAGE 63

LdL t' H L , re. <.-+ 1. - L c . LLUA P Ub L 1 E nh a b( PLENUN. PRELL, .4.Y.. 1960( 15aN O-JGo 40*-46-A) ( Pn LC CEL ! f 4 bL UF i>+TH b A L A.4 Lm t ARMY% I; 41 AL; W L Lc od L n L O N F t ret.4 L u GN nids t, t- A I L u k t A.4 4 L Y b i b FGRlhekuVLv etHFJWAA.Ct t, RLLIAUILIlYi LnAt GtL%va, N.Y., AUG.< ! c. o . I '> 7 7 )

I tt,U b Y I1JCv0;c3Goob

|1 T I Lin O tca >

<P LLDL utMP4I w Y A

LT4 ALT w; e Y * Y SI L *q b C L|4 b i b I I NG UP A.. Abbt.mLY OF #L LMAi.l C AL PANTS IN.,

mELAfl<t N.UTRON Falt DUE Tu T ri t UAMaud DONt 10 THC :LIDING ANDM LLu ! . .G LUfiF -C tt uY a t A r< . FAILUht LF A 5YLTCM MAY hPrtLIPIToltb JY JuST T rit v l Mt N b 1 Lf4aL Lubb CAUSCO OY 4dAR, Ci.D n-Ir.vuttb Fallout AND Fes A L I URL LF .,UL H 4 A L n i c4L EL._vtNTS AboCAN !Nbh, uk nR b, A. Ju bvL 1riEb . THC S U D Lt. FalLURE UF MACHINdbMAY uC Pa i v t . 4T ._.; I H k Lubr1 bh-L I cJ u AUNITOP1NG LF T t1C .v L A HenUCLLL, a H 1 Ct t MAY ut a C CU MP L I St,L D LY CnE CK 1..v Tht DCNSITY ANDIHC (4ATUnC LF Int aCAR P Ai< T 1 LLC 5 ANU THF DETLkIURATIGN GF THELtx3hlLANI. (t ati )

'

v an A bb F Altuni . iG Dd A ?.A L Y 5 I a ; R 1 SA ; .s t L 1 At,1 L 1 T Y , COldP LN tie T ; cFF cC T ; a C A R ;F A ILuhC , LGU IP xC N T

//9/0000001-006011b// c7Ld LL 1 U.4 .<C. u u C u t v 3 a l t.,

T L._ . t lut t 1 E vFt h A IU ne C NV ! .s O N vt N T aL L t- F 6 C T b ON ;Ad 1 A L b

T ht R ( '2 ) GalbAFFE aJ3LuaCLL Cb;bTdAnib CA4 P A u l r1 :.ab A LLdlb n tb tA N C r1 CE:JTER, LHILIt I w.0.'L L10 IL rJP', F r" . .26-44. OCLA PUtiLISHtu cY PLCNUM PhbLb, N.Y.. 19c0

(l'oN 0 -a 0 6 - 0 44 o- ( ) (P4UCCEUINLL LF i-IH 3 A v a 4 U,< ;. A <MY1 A I t -< 1 ,. L . , r<c er< t ri CLNFEntNCt UN hiSA t, F A I L U W ri ANALYSIb FLkl+FHuvLU t'C N Fu h.d A:JC C 6 NtLIAo! Lily; LAAL Gcu;Gt, N.Y., AUG.it-Lo, 1%77)

ID,Gh Y 1 10 0 0'; ; i30 0 0 G

lIIDN O12J PedDICT hibh ItMPtHATUhC ci4V IR ONMLN T AL ATTACK OFAdTALL. f t e u AS T un 31NE ENblat 15 USED AS A ?. C X A :vPLE BUT MLSTOF Tar. f tCHNu LG Y APPLIEb tuuALLY TO GTHER SYLTt ii. (64H)

' s u -< h r- A l L u k t " LUC ANALYS1:3;k1SA;Rc61AcILITY, CO VPU:4 TNT s h FFCL T ; HIG HI e vee N A f ust ;t.4 VI **u JacNT ; t ET At ; Fm ILUht ; TUH G INE

'/0 / 0 0 C0 0 01 -00 0 0115/ / ou.t- L b L O N No. uGCV1L3313Lu C . av i k UN M tN T A Li._ Y AbSXbTCL P- A I LU 8 E ; IN GRvANCE CON 2O Nc % T be n; R ( 2 ) T e4 m.4 I c N H A ; u.J LA r.b d L U VJ

PAUlit v a T t '< V L i t T AnShNaL. .4.Y.t I 'd e Ge L11 ppb, Md. 0 ,., ._ .4 , bCOA Pt)cLILHLU MY PLiNUM PRESS. N.Y., 19c0._ u

( lbc 4 0 -3 0 c - 40 <m o- A ) ( Ph LCd E L I NGb LF 24TH ha u A M L,< t AwYMATCm1ALL N t d 4 7< L H C LNF E nEr.C L UN m I b ri 6 FAILUht A.4ALYS1S FUkIArwuVtD Pd ri F U ni4 AN C 'c t, RELI A.11 LI T Y ; LANE GEORGE, -4 . Y . , AUG.J

21-20, l '> 7 7 )EbOhY l10000;2a000011UN O1aNTaY ATRACT lo vEMLNbiF a IC I l it 1:4 T E R ,.C I I U N nCT=CCN FAILURE ANALYSCb AND

DCT n l:4tiiT AL c.4 V I NinMLNT S , bGIH IN r. Auu F aC T Uw l N G Ai.s IN SEsVICE.Tnib CHAPTCh H Ab nCLN NtLTRILTED TL 4 F e .v E A A M P Lt '.2 I NV ULv i r.Gd r.v l s G N Mt '41 A d_ Y ALSULIATCv FAILUhES. CASC H I E T urs 1 E S AREP s b :_ N T c u G L nt I w vITH Ier FULLL.4 I No TNPC r A ILUhc b IN S TdE L:LILUlv METAL t Au r< 1 T T LL YtNT, HYLbGGEN tvo41TTLCME 4T, PITTINbCL"40bluN ANv STaLbS CURROSIUN, s h ! C .-t HA /C LCCUhhED IN atAPUNCONPuc.ENTb. ThC5t C ASEb AnC RtVICALU IN SUAE DLialk TU CONVCYINE I C C hN i u U LL UTILIZdu IN AnRIVING AT TNd R C A b(;N ( 5 ) FORt- A l LU w C . ( L .eH )

$ U R Lib FAILURt MuDC A NA LY S l b ;R I S A ;EF FCCT ; LNV I dLN MEN T ; F A I LUnC ,CuNPUNt N T ; LGiE< eb 1 UN ; L T R t EL CURkOS ILN ;EMoR I TT LCHLN I ; REL 1 AG IL 1 TY ,C C'440:.t N T

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _

f

PAGE 64o%001-000011b//

: 40. vuCuloaS14A NOIL b'4 F A l l bu d SLA1Ib6 ANU LIFc P4to lC T ION 5 *

.s t i b 5 ViAUL ASYN A CU'.,t Univ., :..Y.

1%v

e, Pub, PP. 1% -202, ~, L U A PuuLI5htU bY PLLNUM PkhSS, N.Y., 1 % c0L

( l bu N 0-r)c-40*4o-A) (PH:CEEDINub LF 24Tn SAbAMOkt AdMY?AlcalAL: nt: d An CH CONFkbENCL uN k it A L FAILUh6 A.4ALYSIS FCWl v4UVLD Kn t UxM A 4CL L A_L1Ao1clIY; L AAc 6tLRod,

N.Y., AUG.

1o. I9(7)I10000;'.0000v I s:L.,

L t.C ui- 1. sc MNL 4 r4LaLLM:. IN PxCv ICT li4G F A T I CU L L1FC FOnA

5 Ln V I C 2. LLMPLNtN15 FnL4 uAt3ORxTGk Y UATA IS T etat THE SCATTEW CFL nc.U H A l Ln Y U AT A UF Iti. OlFFLkb F hula THAT UF A C I V AL StNV ICECi.# PO : .t N f b . IN T ri l d NOTt. A METhus TU ESTIMAIE FATIGUC LIVEbM L ;E LL IS Pht b ENT E J . IT dlLL DE SHO#N

dCA1ItR Ai D L led PHCUICTIGN h til CH # ELLrub 9 uaAts PaGPAGaflL 4

L, t 21 m c 0 FLH IYPILAL ANUFACIURCD PAhTS.( E .v H )

I r% T f.t- n C L t! I Ib aCOMPuNCNT; FATIGUE;fr-U d.% cM C L L N i b A NA LY S 1 di H I ' c. ; RtL 1 Ao ! L L T Y ,M00 L;FOR%CAdT*00LF AI Lu n t. FA1luvCiCWACA; ANALYTICALr n ! LUh L ,

L0001-O000 4 l ')// 90

W a v I t .d tr tun 1tMPLMahY AFPHUALMtb 10 FAT 1GUE D Af1 Abt ANALYSIS.N 40 . O CLU l o 21 a

.) 5LCAC L P ; AUh bu ., Jual/. LF ILL . , UNdANA

i1 's c 0

SL eML , r> v . 1*+ l - 94 , LGOA PUu L I Sr"L U UY PLENUM PREbb,N.Y., 1960

L

( l b f) N 0 -a b o- +G + + c- A ) (PNLCtEDINGa LF 24 T ri SAVAMURt ANMYAATCnIALS kt in sH C h CLNFEmLNCt UN HIbA 6 F A ILURE A.4 ALYS I b FORINPnUVEs PearunMANCt G RLLIAvlLIIY; LME GEU kGE ,...Y., AUG.

21-26, 19/7)l lu uVU ; ccO O O O

YO 1,.; a

OL U IL

TA hEVIC4 LF CU hR tN f Ab 1 rt LU L FCh F A I luuE U AMAuE ANALYSISA

t r/P LO Y I NG SMLOTH bd EC I ME N AAftRIAL5 vA1A FUh PREulCflN6 THEbtkV1LC L1Ft UF CUYPLNEN16 A.4U SIkUCIURE5 buuJECTED TU VARIAOLELL Aulau la P nd tE N I E U . IT 16 4 % I T f un FUA The 2t u l N.4ER 1.4 IHi b

AhLA ut- F A T IWE va4 AGE A N ALY 51 b RAThCH IMAN FUR tAPERIn:4CE De nA C I I f 10 s A b. SPcCIAL L:4Pti A b l d 1 S PL ACCD GN TMt seIAELtDC LE ME '4 f t v r-

f rit aNALYLib, ab *tLL Ab The UVERALL PAITERN F ORLY:4Thtbl41No TnE5L ti LC Me a l d INTO A .. L k K l .,G

CO MPU T ER-o ASZD

CLMPONtNI;RLVItn;PtOLHAM. (L.dt)ANA LYS 1 b ;d i bh ; W EL 1 Aa IL I T Y ,I LLNii l ouC ;CUAPUNtNT S ; S T Ruc T UhE ;>S

F a l L UR;. .mutF A T luu.: ; AN ALY T I LALe A ILUna ,

binUCTunAL A . .A LY $ 1 S , OYNAM1C

91J 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1 a //FHALIUHC 4CC FA N i CS APPL 1 CA T IGNb F09 dMURT FAfIGUE C9ACKbfl o N NU. UUCulOJalE

1b) tL MAUDAO Nt s ;T UP PL W TNin

UN! V . uF #ATtRLOO, LNIAnlu, CA N A s A190020 kPb, rP. 12 1 - *+ 0 , .3LO4 PUJL I LMc U BY HLENUM PNEdb,

..(., 19c0L

( l$b c4 0-500- eO 44 0-A ) ( PR LC tC u l NGb LF 24TH bAGaMGRt ARMYN ia I L c41 A L .'.> .s C ' E A N C h LLi .F C h t N C L Ua WISK

t, F A ILuHe ANALYblS F GWAAE GtURGE, N.Y., AUG.

IV'40Vtv PERrUWMANCE L ktLiAbIL1TY; L

ca-co, 1477)l10L00;i40000NYvic3N

CT THE AUTHUAS tAVE udVELOPCO AN ELASTIL PLAbTIC FhACTUREM CCH A'J I C5 :2 L L U I l v N b *H lC H A PrC A.4 TU dE APPLICALLE IL bOTH bHCRT

Y a

ANJ LLNG LH Au n IN 5%OUTH ANU NLTCnCO SPCC I Mt:45.THESE

SLt.UTIJNb A R t- LMFLOYtd IN THIS CMAPTc4 TU PRCDICT Ind GRU=TN CFFAIluut CRACN5 IN St40UTH AND AT rGICMdD SHEC1.%tN5 ANU IN

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ 0 0 00 001 -0 0 G 01 1 s / / 91 LONTlaVAlluN 1 PAGE 6S

Ava!IIUN TG LAK.AIN l i tE etit N o M E N J N OF :4v N-Pr< UP AL A T I NG CMACA$.( L a t- )

LOS F Al mune dCOC A . 4A L Y S I L ; rs J L F. ; R E L l a c I L I T Y , C O tsp uN E N ! ; F R A C TUREI t.UGil 4C bb ; t n I l (U r_ i t a I LUR L , r nT IGUE ;Les AC4

/0/ 00 00 0 01 -00 o u 11 a/ / ( e .;

.LSLlbN NU. GulJLL.'.;&lTLt S..V ir< v; t e. 4f A LL Y ALb lL TED FhACTUalNL UNutd LUSTAINds mGAulNL

i T i tL R ( b ) .,,<aw4 o f-~

,he* A U l d ftt A mt. ' I C n:4 U:41 V . . A A SH l.4LT L;a , J.C.si C 1scU-t L'40 e epa. PP. 1 l a -d u , tuud PuutIbHto bY WLENUM WdSS, N.Y., 19eG

( ltnid 0 .s v o -- %O w o -4 ) (PRuCCELINLL GF d4TH LALAMGHE ARMY1 MATCsinLL +s L s. AA CH C L. iF t ac NC c. UN HibA L t-AILUkE A:4ALYSIS FORl IvPwCVLD PC % f-t J h:l A. 4C C L htLIAe1L1TYi LAAh GEUhGC, N.Y.. AUG.

ul-Jo, 1977)I C t,il h Y !10000;2.:.00OOITILN v IC JUNT4Y e

b l < AC I I t1. FonM UF L v v 1 m LN %ALNTALLY AbblSICL FWACTURE UNd R SUSTAINEDLt As .vrilt.1 lb LF 'd i b i CLNCLhN 1h Lur<ntNT T cC riNLLaG Y 15 b T r< C S SLu<rOSIL. Ln/.CAI.4G. -NJ IhaT wILL ut THE SUt's Jt C T OF IHISr

C s u P T rs . T*L isT MD :ouu C L UF Sub f A INLv-LO AO taVlhuNMENTALr- e A C I Uk t And M Ys kuud.4 CMth 1 T |LEMbt4 I nNU L1OU10 Sat I A Lt Wh ! l i ttMcN I. inn Y U t- IHL P R I N C.l P L L b It4 V ULvt 0 t ri SCC ALSOn r+ L Y I' U t lY L M) Gi.4 Arev LILUID MCTaL ChaCKING. 1. 4 Dd t b , MUCH I P-'4 t. l ALL aCC 1.4 Hlud L I N E f A,l d bittLS IS stALLY asYLhtGEN*: wuG I T T Li xt N I . ANv SvME INVESTIGAIUAb #CULD ALSO INCLULt SCCC n A C A I .w G IN AL OM I NU N ALLuYS, TITANIUM ALL O Y b . SUMC MA ONE SI UMALLOYS, A;4v LV Et4 AULIENIIIC bTAINLCLL SIEELb IN THE HYLRUGENt %.s l i I Lt W_N I CA ICbL <Y . (CnH)

Y.vLe<L S F AlLORt MLLc ann LYS 1 b ; h 1 SA ; R CL i An I L I I Y , LU Mr3 DNCN T ; E F t-CCT ;L t.V 1 < o:4 Mba T ; LR ACs. ; 5 T h E5 S COW hb b 10N ;FR AC TUR t l uuGrlNC bb ; HYDR CGtiN ;MCl A L i ,T r.LL ; t.M LH I T T LLMuu T

/ /O / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 011 a / / 94.t 3 L 10 4 NC. OLLOIOc3&OILr ., L L i l L E FRACIURE ANALYdib AND SAFtIY OF N U LL L A r< r> >< d b b U x E

VESSELSHUR(5) Li.db FJPAU TH 4-VAL 14 C EE A k CH Lm.. a Ab HI NG TO.. . s .C .C 1%eC

' ti Lin 19 er*L. PP. 94-111. :,GU A PUoLl bHd u tsY PL t NUM Paths. N.Y., 1960

(150 4 o-aco-.O*wo-A) ( P R vC d C o l :,G L Lt 24TH LAGANLWt ARMYN nT ca l ,, L u kt M ARCH CUNFththCC UN kib L FAILUWE AN* LYSIS F U r4l > P . = U 4 f. L P E k t-O N M A N C d L es LL I Ac l L I T Y ; LAAE GEunbl, N.Y., AUG.c.1 ub, 1977)

EGUNY I I G O J O i 1.J G O O OTICN O le aP Ctjud N r.Lt. I N Y A

TRACT Inib CHArIEh RCviddL CUw htN T FhACTLKC ANALYSIS ME Tr,0buLOGY FCRc.LCL Ar< V t u b b._ d t- A Q st THE v i t s P o l u 'l L e- LINEAh ELAsr1C r-RACTURC'itCttANICS ANG Cuvt P40CtvukLS W HI CH ARE A PPL IF O IL ASSURELTwuC I U RAL INTEURITY. IPE CLN I It<U ING NtCdSSITY TO GUANTIFY THE.A4 GIN OF 5 AFE TY AGAINST FRACTUAC ANo TO QUALIFY CxlSTING

CvNLds s A T I SM L 1:4 IHC GPC hA T I o.4 O t- T Mt St CR1TICAL SInUCTuaES HA SLFURREU 4L a h5 Ed AhC H HELAIINb IG TMc CHAHACiex1ZATluN LFL LA b I I C-sta b i l C t: R A C I UR C . D CV E LC PMt-N I S IN THib ANEA Abdbuu '4 A A 1 u D 4 aIn ar> H a b i S Cr4 the J - IN i c brs A L AP N sLH.m

htA LT I C-FL AS T I C F4 AC T URt MLCnANICL la PLACED IN PERbPtLTIVd.*1TH ntSPLCT TG THC LINLLY MCNEFITb AND I M PL I C A T I ON S UF CUACNTn :- S t A A C H h CL *,T IN u TO LILnT W A f t rs NEACTGk SYSitMS. (EmH)

.U h si t- A I L u s t < L o t- A : aA LY S I b ; R I : K;4CLIAcILITY, CO MPLNEN T ;FR ACTuhdi LUG H 4L Sb ; P % Lb bO R C y .SLCLS ;DUC T lt I TY ;dL Ab T I Cl T Y

~

'G / 0 0 00 001 -O O v 01 I S/ / vu'bLION NC. O OC010 3 3%_t A -t< A Y vlFFRALTIJN TCLnN!LUCb la ANALyblS ANU PNCJICTION GF

F AI LU8Edis ( b ) e tL% utG I L H('AUTH C .1. vu PLN T JE NC'1LURS b LO.. W I LM I .4u TUN , DCLAnAnE

_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. ._. _ -----

.. . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

/ 0 0 VJ OO l-00 0 011 2/ / 44 CuNTINUATICN 1 PAGE 66

l '*c 0L

e 1 PPL, Pe'. LJ-7s, CLUK PULLIShtu uY PLCHUM Pkbbb, N.Y., 1960(ILo.4 b -a vt -%O 44 0-x ) (PauCEEv1NLb LF 24TH bAGAMOHC AWMY4ATEnInLs n t Lc ,n CH C U'4F ti nt NC L UN .<1LA & F A ILU AC ANALfSIS F Ch

rthraes4AaCC RLL1ac!L1IY; LAKt GhukGc, ...Y.. AUG.i vPi< UV L U e oAlo, 197/)

iLLukV 110 G00 ;O906 0 vi la 0000'I T IC 4 G le aiUr.T hY A> SIN AC T Irc UtaGtmLY1.JG CLN4CPTS LP A nu 'I tti nN I C.JE S , THt CGMMUNLY USED

I L 1 AUNi N T A I 10... APPL IC A I 10r46, Llalla TILNb, AND P 1 I F AL L b AHE-cvICdtv Ar ab ILLUbTw nTtu by A flu .i trkCSENTAT1VC iAAMPLES.e

( C 4 r~ )Y ,v u h s f r Al LUbC #GLC AaALYSIS;hILN;nCLlabILITY, CONPLNCNisaNALYTICAL

j i cLit 4 t ouh ; A-bA Y; l ab i mVMENT , wPIICAL;INLTRUvtNT, LUhvE I LL AN CE

//O/0000001-000011-5// wuCELS IO 4 NL. ucC01ca20Ltlc NuI - A., A1J TU FA1LURC .NALYS1binuh(b) Mala t HPwPAUTrt Anni A A T c -< a A ._b c A C Lt1A a l LS .<tbCAnCH utNitn, AA idriTU.M . 4i A S S .It i500Pt L40 1G ppb, sP. 4J -o .2 , cGCN Put L i Shtv bY PLOU M ANESS, N.Y., 19L0

(!Los 0 -a u t-4 0 4 4 0-A ) (PhuCCEulabb LF 24TH S A G A MGe< E A r. M YMAltd!ALL u C : d 8.4 C h CuNFbntNCc GN nlLA 6 FAILUAE A44 ALYS I S FCRI W UVLu PC n F O k|4 ANC t b htLIAclLIIY; LAAd G c L nG r.' , N.Y., AUG.El-do, 19/7)

ICouRY l10000i2.000uIiluN O 14.:aJN T iR Y a

21 # AC i IMPhuVCD et h t-O k 4 ANCC AND RCLlablLITY ARC LEPCNLENT UhuN THE4AThaIAL uU A LI lY L-iAnACItwISTICS LP INDIVIDUAL CUAPCNENTS, ANDNt o 4UC bi nUC I I VE TcbTING TcCnNIUUCa A 1.) IN PREDICTING r:' R C M A T U W CPAILURt bY T r t- Oci dC T IOri GF LRITICAL SILE DeFdCTS Lh MY THEJET C CI I LN OF 4ATeklAL e> k te)t h r Y GAAUICNTS mHICH CAN bi EGUALLYOcTHIMENTAL IN .3RITTLL M ATE R I A L b . HuaEVER. GUANillATIVE NUTktbutTb Amt m Pts NC t N I UPLN A NUMutR UF VARIAbLEb. TOILLUSTRAlt I t t- E FF EC T I Vt t.h b5 GF NoT TV ASSISI d 1 T ri THE ANALYblSL t- buSPtCT MATtulAL, ncSULTS UP .CTALLuRGICAL AND NDT ANALYSESU t- I nc 1 RANLMI Lb lu 4 UCARL ARE PkhbtNihD. (taH)

/mOdub t- A I L v W t 4GUC A NA LYb 1 b ; A 1 a ;R CL I A6 I L1 T Y , CG.vPCNEN I ; m A FEh ! AL ;CLvPOt4EN I S ; ML r ALLua G y ; I2 b i , .baDd51kUCrIVE

'/v/ i 0 00 001 -O0 J 01 I S/ / 90

Z b 510.4 NO. ObCOloSCO7LC ntu AND F A 1 LU hC ANaLYblL FCn INPkUVba PEHFOhMANCE A04D

wL1WJIL1iYHUN (b) out A;J IJ'PAUTH UNIV. Le I LL ., U h o A.s AC Ivc 0E LO 4 ._ PPL, FP. 1-%d, dLLK e bu L I Li f L D 6Y rLENUM PsCab, N.Y., 19c0

(lboN 0 -L L O-90 44 6-A ) (PwUCEEslNGL LF 24TH L A G A ta O R E A6AYMATU 1ALb HCEANCH CCNFEAdNCc ON HISK L FAILUHC ANALYSIb FOk1.%rHOVbu PERrORMANCC 6 RLLIAc!LliY; LAKE OEURGE, N.Y., AUG.2

El-20, 1977)t 609Y I 10 0 0 0 ; D0 0 0 LTION O l e ,;.,P LLGt UILNTH Y AT;4 A C T T r t- CAhL ANv Ptil L ub v er1Y CMPLLYhD IN M A TEs ! AL SELECTION, UESIGN

ANALYadb, FaL< IC a T luN , A . .D MAINTCNANCE MUST LE SUFF!CIENT TGL li41 T THE R I L< CF FAILUhC. r- A I LUR C ANALYSIS hEGulkES CAREFULSCHTING t r- A V Ara l t T Y LF INF UNM A T I UN TC UCTCsMINE HOu AND WHY AMcIAL PA:T F AI LC s , AaD I u PnhVt:41 A <ECUQ4ENCE. LONS 10CG A T IONiUST oC olVCN 80 MAN-MACNINE INTCRACTIvab TU PRCVENT ACCIDENTSIN COMPLcA b YS TC M S . LUN 51 LC n A H Lt LAT!Iuut IN USh AN v MISUSE OFcLLIrmENI A U LT ct F G k t b E c. 4 IN LRDCs TO PREDICT AND EVALUATC TH EW E S I S T A r. C C TU LACM PGSS 1 a_C ACUE UF FA1 Luke. CAhCFULtv4 61 G C R A i ! O;. uF THE CO M Ft C T E LIFT CYCLt IS NE CE d ,A.4Y FO4sELCCTING up II VU M " A i t R I AL S IHAT aILL alTHbTAND THE900!FICAllONL UUt TV PR u CE Sb i h ANO SERVICC rilS T UQ Y , YET

|_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - . ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ '

/ 00 00 00 I-60 L u t i b/ / 9t CONTINUATIGN 1 WAGd 67

HNUVluL A1:41:9J M klSA LF rAILukt 41 l es I MPe R EP A l n ;F A I LUh t ; .vE T A L ;eAlLunt, LG V IP 'dE r4 i

/ u / 0 0 00 u01 -06 0 01 11/ / s/t.5 S I U c4 NO. v uC O l o 3 2 s, c,(Li .buTALN h ,. o l t.L s A ri lY UTILl41NG bELE C IE s E'J ti R G Y INicHACT[GNSI l kn< ( , ) nNTAL JJ.

.PAUin nh tY MAIcHLAL.S t, de Ci s A N I CS RtSLARCH CENTER, 4 A TLH rQWt., MASS.IF 1v6C

HL L.i o 1. ppd, .P. e2 7-4 0, LUA P ul: L I SHE D oY PLCNUM PHLSL, N.Y., 1960

(ILv 4 0 06-.044o-X) ( c'R LC t E s i Nob uF 24Tn LAGAMLRE ARMYt A T L R 1 a L ., nt I -<CM C G.Nf- E n C NCC G;. a164 G FAILUnE Ar.nL Y S I E FCA,

IMP %uVtu Pt n FO sM x;.CL t. RCLIAalLllY; LANE G r._U n GE , 4.Y., AUG.;1-co, 1977)

TEuukv 110000;2300001 T I O. . u 12 ;)

UN iw Y .

-21.ALI inas tHAsith OL5LHlaCS T HC nohA UF f i t.:. MartklALS SCicNL;SUIV1S1UN G r: M v4 C l i. AITtMPI17.6 TU % Ith NLa MtTHLud U r:1ATC41AL5 LHis , C T ti 41 JA T I UN To Tnt FvWt SUCN a5 .4tiu T rot 4wolbur:APny. IaU PAnllCULAn DEVCLLPIsao TCCHNILuts R.V!bvED:r I LL I Gt. | L U T.iO t. r< A O l LG rM M-1 Y A!4 s SU t:, T ha nM A L N d V Tr< LI . R A D I C6 h A P HY .

( art )Y ma RUL csiLURt CCUE A .NAL Y 515; N I d4 ; Rt ti An I L I i Y , COMPLNLNI;NCUThuN;

n A v 1 vG n , a 'h Y ; 4E ST , 4L..LES IH UC I 1 Vt; M AT R I AL ; TE b T 1.46

//G/00C0001-000L11b// 9e~ELblGN |40. LLaVlo33ubILt i. l b A Alib FAILUHE x:4xLYbi: r- U R IMPKOVLD PC kF C.< M ANCE Ar.D

..dL I Av IL11Ylfiu s ( 5 ) ,. h 15 S V ; O U h A F. JJ.P AU T ri 5YkACUSt UNIV., ...Y. ; AhAY li AT en l ALS 6 MECnaNIL5 NESEAkCH

C C. 4 T E k , a A T C h f L a te , MAbb.

It 1960't J1L .Lb PPS, t,CC A KJbLibrtED SY PL b f $U 9 PktbS, N.Y., 1900 (15dN

0 -3 O O ,0 + 4 t 4 ) ( P k J C tC EU l t.G S ct; b+ T H bAGAMOHE AAav MATERIALSA c.~ L d A R C H Cut. rt nE NCd UN kl56 L. FAILURt ANALYSIS t- U R I MP ROVE DPCk r- Ch M a.'4C t Af 4 '., hELIAbIL1IY; LANE OEChGE, N.Y., AUG. 2_1-26,197/)

^tubRY d 0000i110000i I U.4 J 12 0;P CCut LUR4I3Y A

.IdACT I r n- AhvY M A I ts l A LL AND v tic MAN I C S WEGtARCH CE N IER IN COOPERATICN1IH LYhACUbt UN I V Er. S l T Y mad CONDUCitD THe SAuAMUnd AHMY

4x1talALS h t. LE AR C n CONFChENCc bl.1CE 1 %4. I nti MA IN PUNPOSE CFTFtdC L U .r:E R U J LE S HAb t3E t N TU GATHts TOGETtts SCI C t. T I S TS ANUti.u l -4C t N S wnL ARE U;41 uuC LY GUALIFIED TO EXPLOHt IN O PTM AaLaJECI L t- I .*P Ch I ANC E TG THE LtPARTMENT OF S E F E . .S C , THE ARNYA 40 THc dLIC.TIFls COMMUNITY. TH15 VOLUME, nod WE S LLiS THE AnEA SL t- T ci C H N I C u b a LF FAILUNE ANALYSib, kISK AND t- A I L O W E ANALYblSFCN /LS L G74 A LA IN S T FRACTUWE, RISA AND FAILORE ANALYSIS r:G RJcSIGN ALAINST FATILUE, tLEVATED TEMPERATURE EFFECTS,tD.V ! hon t.tN T A L LFFECTS, SYLTEMS APPWUACH TO Ph00VC T l ai4,ELIAa!LITY ITIEbn AT 1UN ANv CUTLCUA - EMdKblNG ret t J L ANJT C.LHN I L UL5. ( ta H)

,URDL 1AIb;1AL;FAILUbC MUDt ANALYSILih1SN;stL1AbIL1TY, CUMPOi4 tint ;.LvIC*;n ANO u P nuGR AM; ANALY T I CAL TECHNiuVE;FA1luut; FAILURE,F A I I O U L ; uc: b l 0 4 S l oo Y ;CFF CC T ; TEMPc R A Tunt

/u/G U LO 0 01 -L O L ul l b// v9;b 51 G ia NU. 00 Auto 2900_t .. N A PPh t ! AC H lG QUANI11ATIVt LAFtTY GUAL3 FOR NUCLtEAR PLaCA

PLANISM UT h U.S. '.U CL E A R nCGULATUhv LUMMISSluN_ 19o0

Ns c4URC G-0 739 +. 161 PFS, TAbb, Flob, UCT. 19ebiL A VA ILAo ILI T Y - NAiIONAL TtLHN1 CAL INE ORM A T IUN dLkVICE, U. 5.

____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - _ - - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ - - - _ - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - _ _ - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - _ - - - -

/ 0 0 00 0 01 -60 0 611 u/ / ' '. CD'4 i 1:4UATIGN 1 PACE 66

r w A o r:.t t N T lr LG P.4 C n tE . .29 '< ! ,G F i t L L . VA. 22161ausY O 10 0 0 0 ; Mu u u u

ItM4 O 1/ cC L A. : 4hC

.tsy A18Att A PLS51utC A rP nU A C. 1; L UAt4 T I T A T I V E b a r- E T Y GCALb r: O R NUCLEAR

e' t. sta P L A T. T ;.3 1 :, PnuVlatD uY THd AswILukY L C vt M 1 T T E t L. , NEACTOWS aF E GU A i vL. T:C REPLAT CGNT A l'ab ihhth PARIS : 1. A HkVIdd UFL t- V t w L PmuPLSALL PL; GUANTllATIVL R I .2 A Ch!Itn!A. 2. Ar> h t t ! >.1. 4 A m Y HssPLLaL FLn A PuibidLt AFPHUACH TL uu A J I I T A T I VE: at b T Y L L n L ,., . J. LWIdr tvALU'AI1UN OF L tiVE rs AL T C LN.1C LG u l E S .I AC L UU l :.L NUs LA n . IN I t es'd S LF Ttt_ P4 Le'UdL D GkITdRIa. THE

-

l is t - L .Feh ba C i To u u n ti l l I A l l V C. S Ai- LT Y LRITLAIA 16 Ulv1LCD INTOIAU 4AJon I A LA 5 : ThC F1h5T IS Tnt e>% E DU N ! i.A f . T L Y SGCIAL ANDrLLITiLaL s k . O LE :4 Ur LC T T I:40 Tnd bmFtiY CRITCRIA, AHICH ARCILhAda brC i b iO!. W U6_ t S ; TrC b LC L.sv l '.; ThE T EC h.41 C A L GUE S T IC N CFsTIani 1..b T,C /<1b4b AND U tC I L l i.o a ht T # ita THE daFETY C r< ! 1 E W I A

e i,,v t OLE 4 tit f . IriC P t. O P Lb t D I 4 Ul4t i< ! C A L VALULL FLn USC INvtC151LN e.ULLS Anc 1. 4 T E N ut o IU b l .4UL A TC F U R T ifC ~s ulLCUS$1GN AND._ VA LU A T l uN L t .< v i . . L IU ThL FUTURL utV _ Luce v L ,w T OF bullAdLe alba* LC t P I a f.CE Lt/LLL.

YWO4Lb r 4 --d b .. r. h . LA F E l Y UF ; I t.au b IR I AL ' Ae C T Y ; d I L A ; =E.4Er- 11 VS RIE4;PC4ER3

r'L m . I . UL LL , < ; P U.. L n FLA.T. PubblL FJtL

7/0/0000001-0000112// 10 OCELb iL . .L. v GJO 1 v2 701IL P LL L I C v e 64N ub CravLn Gr4 es l S A . AluHT TO /UTE ON NUCLEAn ISSUCLi t. I9c0Pt G44, 4 ePd. . .u C L E AR I f,U U bT .sY . 27(Ic). PP. 14-17 (UEL. IvcO)TELOnY O10000;cdOOOv1 I l ur. G L2LJN ih Y A- b:3 *U1L.

21,ACT IL GA L:a -LLt vf AN CC FCA a li ._t A r< ebahW A% CRLDio!LITY FUR THEsutLEnk 1:' U U L T 9 Y glIH Aa Arttn l LAN PU.2Lll NLN ?4U nit 1.'4LL INdb TOV oT a L .s '.uC L L A R IbsUtS T HA N IG LtAVE Ut CI S tucib WITH CAPhWTS.'I et 1. 4 0 U 5 T ie Y MUbI FIkbT AC A.au d lev oC T Hr R I S A S 1.4VULVCD INLL.MEhL1AL ti t CLd AR LPEWAIIC 4L. THE P Ut5L I C LCNCAALLY LGUA5 UPGNTt-t_ MCvIA Ab Uf4JlALcv AND L.s at C T 1 V C . AND THAI Ut4L Y 3YM A 1.9 i A l Nl ub LO'v this I AC T b aliH T nti adUIA. A. 4 D MY PLEUG1NGhU.LblY n. 4 D LP L* 4 NZ SL lu THEM. C A; . ItC. INCUblnY HCALLY MAAds esL Lat S S IN FuoL1L A 1 I I T ob ti Li t A..uE 5.

hwvb h lbs .1.4LvL T n Y. .w UCL t Ad ; P ut2 L i C ntLai1a 45 iH AU ! AT | C.4 rubt!CELUCATIL.,

'/0 / 0 0 00 0 01 -b O O u l I b / / 10 Ibb i U 4 71U . 0 0J b 1 L ._ 4. ' e c~LC n ur'U n T Tu T rs t r*< b I v C N T ' S CU.4M I Sb I CN Ota THE ALLIDcal AT THREE

: ILE I d L A I .v : T _ Cr,.11 C A L A s h t S S'.it N T Tass FUNCt stPUA15 VOL. 1I:. nLH 1 +G6 - ,E A C IL.s LAr:t IY STuvY

t tU % ( d ) m Lh .w d nbL luouE v

10 ca ppb, 2 Tac 6 Flus. ce RtFL. PhCGAESS IN NUCLtAn ENLhGY,.

o(1 .2). FP. 11 7 .O ( l 'ee O )EuudY l 7G000 ; 01u00 0; 0 0 000T I 0:4 0 lui.4 f h Y UTaACI t amis I r. A T 16 4 LF vAbH 1400 bnCat Tt:AI IT Ib RELCVANT TL THE 5TUCY

OF T i th t L 41 L c ILLA.40 ( T:41) A L C I Ot.N T dCCaV5t THE bC out N CE OFrAltukCL 1.N IHL A C C I m E riT AhE v 1.;,C u bsti J IN THE REP Us I . A.40 THCL tLJ AR;. NCE- LF ind ACCICE..I 15 CONLib!ENT alrh #Abd 1400e'hLD I C i l s. 4b . .e A b H l <4 G 0 htbuLTb. ANU Lti S L U Nb THAT LHLULL HAVEathi. Lt A w. .L U r: - u M T rtL WCFunT. At L DibCUdSED huwd.

anus Ir.ClucN T;lnk l :41Ld IbLAto C (r w );HEACTOW, swh ;h lbA ; A sALY T ICA La

G LL;PAULT I m ct ANALYbtb;ACCIDL 4T . PwueAoILITY OF;UPERATINGdAstalEntE

' O / u b LO O u l -00 0 01 l a / / lu a_ b 51 u, . No . GuJulA U76

c & A'. l C Pk l.4C li LJ S ans kLbu_TS OF ThL Ltn 4AN e<lSA biUUY (INuDsNAh)

t fa (L ) e mY t -4 A;rMULi.N F4

_ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ Ota v0 0G I-60 0 0 l lb/ / 102 CUNTINUATIUN I PAGE 69

19c0(.

i o edb, Flub, A luna lit I bCH,# T , 2b(I), ,J P . *b-oI ( J A.4 . I960).dAut LLk A AtaluOuY O 10000 ; OOuv o~l 1 ( G v 14

JN T F Y uA.m ohas5 T.. e t l !.. J U. .t 197o T t d_ F . J :.:.R A L MINib1hY Fus nCbtAkCH ANJ TCCHNOLUGY

t t AJ CL ;4 M l bb l LN LU lHL LhbtLLbtHAFT Fun ac A ATGnbittickHE l T TU..nlii THL L L - A AN n!bA STUvY, THL Finsi HAkT UF willCH t AS NOWt; t c.'J CLhPLETr0 Arlth THRth YtAmb 0F ALAK A rsD MAb bkEN>U c6 l L I ._E s h t C E.1 I L t . It C G C a.A:4 a IS A STuuY 16 AN nTTCAPT TOA F 1. 4t Tnt bmCIEIAL 4ISA Pu bd i.e MY ALClOcNTb I.4 i 4U CLE Ari P U'.4 E H

i -LANfb L. .u t k L Ct.O I TI UN b IN GCm M A. 4Y . F CH THIb sukPUSC, THE-

| ACCIOfDJT nnTEL nrav TnC R LbuL I Ai4T HLAL TH r1Azahus 4C E( J c i - ('. li CJ . JY A LedP T i t 4G M U'.i l LF THE LAblC PmLMISCb AND METHUDS

Le THE Ai d k l , A ., AASkULLCN STuuY, I t .E LChMAN LTUvY lb TU allow ACLv.P An i bt s.1 T u aC v. A U c 41 1H T Ht. R L buL I f., LF THAT STuaY. (CWH)

Y Ad es ub aAFLTY A. mL Y bl b; n l S A ;LOM pan I bur.; ALC lu cNT A:4a LY S 16 ; OCliv ANY

// V/ :,0 u0 uu 1-00 0 011 a/ / 10 2L h '., b l U . , NL. GOCalov760ILt 1. 4 T O . A I ( C N A L '.U L._ E A n FUL L CYCLE tV,b.JATIGN nEyGMT (INFCC) ON

.3 -h T c U A *. AL C xt N I Ai 4 U UlbPubat. W #. 0 1 M j . .T - Nt e a i I C. 4 A L nTUMLL ENbsbY aGLNLY, V I GN.4 AIt 1960PL 6

wb L il /HLu /b;4 + IN F CC / PC/ 2 /7 +. .f 6 0 ppb, REPG%T UF aOk A l'4G GRCUP/, J A:. . Iveu

AIL AVAlt.ncl Irv - UNIPuo. INC., P.O. aux 43J, Ntd YGRA, N.Y. 10016ILbt 2 e Y 1 * 0 0 0 0 ; ._ ,:000 Li 2 0G00 ;O2uvuO ; 1b000 011IUN U116,P CLou !AAU .N T . < Y lalWACT I K. r- t h t i P LE.4 Ah f C C . .F E h E.N L E L t- THC 1.4 TCR N A T I O 4AL NUCLEAR FUEL

LYL-- LvALUnIIUN (INPCC). HLLs I., V1hNNA UN NGvt%ER C/-29,1976 DECIDED T HA i THc 1ACA bHUULO PUuLISH F l wL ktrumTS FROMTrC o INFCt ad h6.1 4G GhLudb. THub, o VLLVMES n E r,E PUMLibHEDALuNG s ITH A N IN I h buNAAkY VLLUAC. THlb '/ O L UN t at POW TS ON4Ab1d / AN A bt ..C ;41 ANv JIbPOSAL (bnUUP 7). TH!b STUDY CO MP A NE ST mt- 1 A. AuE c4 C '.T Ac O v i SPG bA L L t- .d A b T h c., InAT ARISd IfJ TMEG u 4C r<A T t o'4 ut LLtCTxICITY 2Y NULLCnd rIbbILN FDs AwLP%t'LNIAT1%d ack iC I ION OF NULLtAn t- UEL CYCLcs. uN; l> HALTaAbbtbbCG lb Th h A C $ l uttA L eta /ARU IL dtALTH AND S A r; u T Y . OTHCh1 P A C T .:. Lui.blDCRtJ sx- TFt C&tCTb Li. The bNVIAQ 4 MENT. THECLtTb de a A b IE .'4 A.q A b t .C N T AN .s v1SPubAL, ANO TnE RILAb THATt lb ,I LNALLc <A l c a l 4 L '., IN TME 4AS15E 116Mi uE vivClifCu TON L. .-e 3E A L t F L t -HJLICATlONS. Fu ttu .v l Na Tnt 1.M H A L I sLbdbbvENT,I .C L LAL ANL IN bl ! I J I 1 LNAL ASHEL I 5 LF .N U C L t Ars 4Asit M A.4 AGEMEN TA r .s a l Mw b A L AAh albsusbho, nS acLL Ab T HF. AbHECTb U t' bP5dC I A L1:4IcCbi To int sd / hLaP 1 i.G Cout.TR I Cb .

aLbct 1 AC A ; I N F CE ; F LE L CYCLC;aALTE <m.4A LVENT;masTC UIS-GSAL;LL~'P AR 1 SmN ; EtoNo M I C5 ; I HC F T / U 1 V Ck b I LN ; 5 AF-d GU A nD b , N O C L C Ar<.s AT h 41 A t ;LC G,,L IS T I Cb ; R l h ; PC PUL A i lLN c APO SUR t i bNV I NGNMLN T ; # A ST EInAt.bPGh I AT 1 L N

'/0/OtOOOOI-000011a// 10 4tbbILN .iG . O GL O 100 /59L- I NT C,Na l ltf A A L i.ULLCnn F U t-L CYCLt EVA UATION .< h H u n i (INFCt) UN

b et N I t- W_ L w id Au cNa N TPauTM 1.4 T C .h a A T I Gv. A L ATuA!C daERGY AGLNCY, V i tiNN AE 15c0h Ltt L T 1/-U u / b34 + 1:4 t-Ct / PC / 2 /c +. I11 P -e 5 . REPunT LF WGA<ING C90VP

v. JAN. 1960IL AV,lLahlLITY - UNIPUu, I cec . , P.L. BOA 933, NLa YU % , N.Y. 10016tvusY IE000J;O10GOU;l/00VL,23OLOO;ua00uv11 L:4 v11o

CLUC I Axs

9T HY T

IhACT I l fi FI,$I PL ef 4 A ri Y C O NF t.< t- N C E OF THh 1:4T EnN A T IC NAL N LC Lti A n FUELCYLLE CVeLUATILN (INFCC), nCLD IN VILNNA ON NL V L.M ca CR 27-29.1970 UE C I Ud u 1 MA T THL l A t_A SMUULO PUcLICH F li4 AL NCPORTS FRLM

_ . . _ - _ . . _ ___

/Cv00001-LGLCllb// 10 4+ Cut 4Y INU A T ION 1 PAGE 70

TIE 6 INFCt auf A It4G b h CU Pi . Thub. 6 VOLUMd5 ,vEHt PUJL I SHE DA Lu c4 L a 1 Tri A N 1. 4 T H LUNMAhY JULUVc. THLb V OL.UME RiPUNTS ONLPutar FULL M k4 AG t ME r. f (GNUUP b). THE OkOUP'S S TUu Y FUCUSEu ON:(Al dIU*AvC sT'AItultb Ad Lubl6: Fun LIGHI . VATER RCALTCRS(Luk), FLR h t. A V Y AaltR >< L A C T u k s (Hak). FUR gab-CLLLCU RLACILNS(LCA). FUN F AS T hrlCLtm sCaCTUxS (Fbs ); (6)b rCR T -I te * / l:4TCnMLJlaTE LICK 4Gt: A tb t bStt tr4 T OF CURRENT STCRAbtCAPAo!LilitS. AfL vF l utR E A t t r46 :,PC.4 7 FUCL STGRAbC CAPACITY,blT 1 40 Ai.U f rW4b pud i n T I ON PRCbtEMb, VUut EFF I C I EN T UTILIZATICNLF L 41 b T lt 4G .s tN I F U ._ L STUsAGE LAPAC a TY , 1NbTITuiluNAL,C NV l a c'.tet t.'T AL , baFELUAnub aNs b-A Ft_ T Y ALPCCTS INLLUUI.m FUCL1..T C on I T Y P H in LC MS ANU A.SUCIATCJ e41sKS. CUST5. LcGAL MATTEWSi(C) bhLLlaL . ,h CJ t U r- vEVLLUPING COLN1RlLb.

,y$UkLb I At n ; liiF Ct ; F LE L CYCLk;LPENT FUEL; FUEL MAN AGZwE NT; AU 41N I STR AT IVEI Co InutintACIUN. Ldk;kEALTOW. PWm;5iTING;bPENT FULL 5TURAGE.

A rn< ; T h A M ru k I A 1 i UN A.4v Ji Ar4sL I Nv ; S At-ELU ARo S . NUCLCAR MATChIAL;i

Ala;ncACTuk. Lak;atACTuk. GLn;hEACTUR, FAST;WhACIUM. 53HbEDE4;sh AC tun . LMeW stuCL STURAGC;LPENT FUCL POUL; SYSTEM CAPACITY

t

7 /v / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1 b / / 10 bCL , S l u N NU. C ',C u l e v t l ._

fL 4 T /LU.sunt' Tc IN Ten A C I I Ur,S : THE 5 ANv i A C apt n 1 ML.. T AL WUGMAM,'Luct u t vlLLe .Di l , A c.O CLat CONPanIbuN TE S T

T hu n ( b ) PC CAL vA;vlUld JFn WAU T e t b A,40 1 A Laos.. AL ou GU c k CU C . N .M .It 19/4PC LMu '2 Ar.u -T 's- 191 e t. + LLN F - 191 116 ,;. +. LU PPS. FALM 7T H 4ATCR

R h A L T;,k LAFEIV hELEAkCn INFunMaTION MCETING; GAITHEdbeURG,*AAnY ANL. NU V. b-9, 19/9

AIL AVAILActLITY - N A T I O.4 AL TiCH.JICAu INF UnMA T ION SERVICC. U. S.JhPAkiACNI UF Cu4MERst. LPwINbFICLD. VA. 221o1

ItbukV 1lOOv0;cOOOOu11 1 GN O11LRP CLut ALAUNIRY abivALI ThC PUHPUSE OF rnCSE STUblC5 *At TU UEVELUP AN UNDERSTANDING OF

TrC INTEkACTLONS SUI (AcLt FGW RISA ASSCbbMENT. IN Thib PAPEN.kbSULTS OF TtC C arc n i %EN I A L PRUGHAA ARC SUMMARIZED AND AC OM PU l b s 4UDLL UF M t L T/ C LN C R h T L INTLRACTION6 IS OtSCH!btD. ACLT/CONLhETL li4 TER AC T IGl. TCLT THAT alLL ALLG4 TH1b AND OTHERMCGELd GP TnC li4 TER ACTION TV oC CO MPa r< ED 16 ALSU D E LC R I G E D .ItC CLUE COM PA n i dLN cXtW LI bt , USING THIS SANulA TCbT AND AS t ..i l L AR TEST AI THc n ER N FU R S CitVNG S ZEN T RUM AAhLLPUdt. .v A Sb uu G riS T tu T U 980V10E a t, AS I S FUR tVALUATINb THE VAniUUS CODES.= I T H kE'PECT TL HUa aCLL THEY MLvEL THt I M pun T AN I INTCRACTIUNP riC NL M E N A ANL WEUICI CRiflCAL EvCNTL. (FAH)

r nu 5 CLnt ME L TD U A N; x1 SK ; bare T Y EV ALL A T IUN; CFF bCT ; CUNCHE T E ; AN ALY T I CALAJht;CuvPUTL4 PkUUR AM; A LC 1 vbN T , LLSb UF CLOLANT&COMPARISGN,ThtCHY AND E&cklLNCt

' /0 /OO GO OO l ' O c u i l a// 40 0C S b l a '4 NC. GOAUluOuloL .:. A LL oC A I I t'N UF .w C INbPtCi!Ct4 EFFORT IU R I dK-nELA Te u aC I I V I T IES

IN wuCLEAN PUNE9 PLaaTSHOA(S) LY.4CH GJ;bkI'.4 1.s NL ; MUN P HY DJPAUTH SA.4ulA LABS.. ALGUUUERGUC. N .M .E 1960't No . 4 UN F.1/ C H -l a h + L Ai4C oO-O do l +. ISa PPS. TAbd. FIGS. htFb.

APts1L 19c0It AvaltAcILITY NAIIGNAL TE CH.,1 C AL I NF ukM A T 10'. dcR/ICc. U. S.

J LP A R I a t- N i UF t.] M M E n L E . id h i ' .or I E L v . VA . 22161T

F.G G H Y t 70 U 0 G ; F_ S O G 0 011 L 4 011 /P LuDC ALANisY ATaACT Itt INLFECTILN MLJULLS IN Ind NkC IN bPEC1 IGN PkCGHAM FOR THC

PnCOPEu T1CN,L TEbT. STAdiUP TESI. Ae10 UPbHATICNS PHASES OFwtCLCAR Plack PL A 4 T b aERC ExnMINCD TU ASSESb WMCTHCm MANHOURSI NV E b T C u IN LALH INbPECTILN wCst CUMMENSURATL 41TH THtPuTENT1AL GF T W SC INSPCLT1015 FUk OC TECT I NG CUNUITIUNS WHICH*LutJ LUNT R i tu lE b! GNIF I cat 4TLY TC klaK. NO SASIS nAS FUUND INT Hl b ALSLLEMEN T t-LR FUND AMEN TAL CHANGCS TO Tnt INSPECTION

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._ - _ - _ . -_ - _ _ . - _ - _ - _ _ - - - - .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

/0000001-000011.2// I') L CONTl*1uATION I PAGC 71

PhuLnAM. i m ,.C V r- 4 , IL 1.y p r* G / C P k U L n A .. E t- F C CT I V CNE b b , bundaLDIFICAllLNL IU WCCIFIL PANTS LF Titt P4 00 R A:4 AvsbAh TO DC.snA 4 f _v .

i .4 vb A oi_ . 4 0 Y . 4 % ; kl L4 i Ildbeb C I lbr.; PL ,LN Pt_ A N T , NUCLbAn;CubI,L P._ n A T 1..L ; t o T L u .c r' I T ; t L:4 i A IN At N T . ILE CONJ C N S E s ; t.Vt R bC N C YLLL L L ;.L L f *. I LM p- e- C b b o n d 4 L I C r- ; b 1 E n.. ; /nLVC ; VC:J 1 ILa T IGN SY S T EM ;G UAL 1 I Y a b bU v . .C c

// u/ 0 0u0 001 -00 0 01 t o// 10 /Ctd b l u.4 .U. U tvib5Ll7iL n t-A I eh ICE b ,-r: C T Y . A P r< tt ab I L l.L i ! C C OS I-t Cr.dF I T tVALUAT1CN GF

L Al L I 1:.6 C..L I. 4t t n L a LAFETY F t A I U fs C S .iIH k(S) v ' D U N .d L J'W a U l r. _m.sCL SL n V l th b IdC., N.Y.IlL 19/ci?F Lpo I .l .,- r-;t- -.4 7/9 +. AJ ppb, Faum nCC I It.u Cid r4UCL Ak P G .5 C W AEACTGRI EMETY; U nU L *:d LS , 22 L LG 1 U A, G( T . 16-19, 1970J a l t_ ,,ulLAalLIIY - INlb bCCIIUN, I r. i d at. A l I ON A L AIOMIL ENdRLY

n ot. l . v Y , e.U. a ux bv0, A- 101 1 VICNr.A. AU$TWIAICOUHY a 100U u ; c * LOO C; Ga uv0u! T l ut. v 11/JN I .* Y L,TsALT <4 u V l bC L A AtTnOJ rLn PC h r- C W M I NG LUA.4 Fi T A T I V d CUST-oLNdFIT

L. v4 Lu n t I d.b t- o n NUCLEAR ,;,A r-L T Y CU N ed.veh INVUwVINu nCCivCNTS CFLt . Ph t.e av IL 1I Y A. v d e'O T C t. I 1 A LL Y LanGC CC. 4 b dG U E NCr- b . 1TPhlblJ I S AN -,4LICATILN LF T H:_ METhLJ TG dCCL, LLNIAINubNT,t :C h b c. . C Y PU .C m S Y b T L,.. AND rt Y D H UG E t 4 ntCuAb!Nds SYSTEM. THISEVAtuniILN P,Uvlutb A VALuncLC A b i d bb :4C N1 GF The nELATIVE CO5Tci r-L C I I V :.b b t Lt THEbd r t- A T U h E b 1.4 RCsVCING ACCloCNT R154. ITnLbu PNLV!v_b IdblGiff 1.S T L I rf. SCNb!TIVITY L t- Cabl utNdFIT(. nuc VL n T I ON S To It d '.1 A N.s tn IN . HI Ltt unFbTY FcATJata andLcauGTIALLY AUOtu 1.4 abb!GN. (fan)

fadhuS vNIT c0 5 i A Tc b ; CU L I u _.wCF IT ; ACC IsrN T ;n I SA ; A CC I Dt' T , LUSS UFCUC s_ A 41 ;h CCU M I:= t9 5 ; LME N UENC Y PC.EW, LLEC i 9 IC ; CCN f a IN.4N T

/ /G / b u uu 0 01 -LO v 01 1 3 / / 10 c.E % I U:. !W. OOCVlt>tlOIL- A LGC SS A t i.1 UF ACCIDtdi RISA5 FROM Lts :1 AN NUCLEAh PLANTS,f r tb s ( t ) ttCULd4 Fvs ,A, U T r* btbLv btHAFT FUJ bd AN TOW LI Chdhttt i T Aa t t , ACCLN, F .W . GERMANY

-

t 19(9't L'u 1. l E -NF -o72 C +. IJ ppb, 6 FIbb, FhUM CS N I brECIAL15I YEETING

ut4 hiuvLAILNY r* C V i d W [N Ti t C LICtNSINo PROCCbb; *1 A s 41 u , SPAIN,4t.v . 7-9, 1979

.UUALc O c.i .4 A. 41._ A % A I L A o l i._ I 1 Y - !.al d bdCTION, INTEkNATILNAL ATGulC CNLdGY

ALLNCY, e.44 . o LA s90, A-!Ott V Ici .i, A , AU:.3 T H I AtbowY Q l 0 G 0 0 ; 2.,,,0 C O v ; C a G L C CTIvu v11'tP CGUE CnbNia Y LINAti I tt_ Gc % A lb s biUDY PAfbdNTE ,. I tt_ MAIN OBJECTIVCb CAN bE

b uA**d u Us Ad F u LL. b ; ( A) AN Aba d bbM C.=T UF TMd bvCICTAL RIS<v U:- Tu ACC I O Ll4 l b i ci r iU CL t- A R PU Ch PLANTS -v I T -t WCFbRdNCE TObdh A Ai, CoNUITICNb; (J) IU bbT kAPknIkNCE IN I t tC FitLu UF RISKAi.ALYblS AND ru PROVIDE A dASib ro .~< d S i l M A T I ON OF UNCERTAINTICS;(C) Tv P,,VILd GulvANCE FCH FUTUtE ACTIV1T165 IN THC GEAMANY.s t A L ILH SAFt lY ,< C bd A hC H PR OG h A?1 F I 'I A L L Y St VE R A L._ LC.wCLU$lCNST CaC rttu hv T . il d bTavY AR L Ol dCU5 brio. ( F A rt )

.. v h u d GL- mt.Y;ACCItr.NT: sib 6;PO C4 .)L AN T , NUCLE AR ; A?. ALY T I C AL TdCHN!oVE:L ar- E F Y h h t o ,< Aia

/ 3 / L 3 00 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1.2 / / 10 9_ S b i t m '.L . vCJul.,9 h b_ t- alA LP.CIAL14ATial t- u n , 4_ ,. N T betCIFiC hiSK blUDIEbe

sustb) APCLTULAstb t;sAPLAh L;VAnnlCA UJ>AUIn U. . ! V . w r- CALIF.. LJL A %CLCL ; PhICAAnu. LGat L VAARICA INC.,

i n V I -4 6 , CAL 10

Ivou_ t)

i y PPS, b TAbb, 7 F103, 12 4.f b , N U CLt Ah LNGINtin!NG 6 UdSIGN,bu t F ) . Pr. J .;I -9 (FtL. !*60)

_____ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ L_

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ 0 u 00 0 01 -0 0 0 01 1 b/ / IO u CleNTINUATILN 1 PAGE 72

30 d Y G SV 0 0 0 ; c 'i O O O O1UN L i17COO i; U AV

.1 W Y 2dt; J tb CInACT ,AYth' ThruwLA 16 Ub D TU JdRivt P L A14 T SPECIFIC UISTRlbUTIONS

r; La Tnt t- A I L us t .< A r t b UF CG &UNLATb. Mt T M LD S AAC SUGbCSTED 3:ORIht ,tni9AT1u. UF GC..CR I C a I L in I c U T I C.Nb F fiCM INr OisNATION TMATAPPEAsb IN tic L l i d r< A T U 4 c . fHebb DILid10UTIGNb A sh U bt 0 ASeulua v i bi k ibu l luieb IN uAYCb' INCLRC4 A,4 D TMCY ARC MLDIFIEDr

ubt eG ,J L- i l L,> C C I r- I L DaT A. I M F, PLSTERIUR DILTRlauTIGNb THUSsLulVcs CAN rd U br a Ab l iv'U T b IN A HLANT SPECIFIC klSAANALYblb. ( t_ ., r )

LY URsb 8ILA;FAItuRC, LC *.PCNEN T ; ThhuhE I1 C AL I NVES T IG AT IGN ; ANAL f IlCALT t r r. l u uu ; M A t h t '4 A I I L AL T nLA T9CNT ; REL I v.o IL I T Y ANALYbI5

; // 0 / 0 0 00 001-u0 0 011.2/ / 11 OL CE L ;, i Ur. 10 ULCG1uv/*e.TLt n tP LR r l Nu aC LU IR E;wCN T S F vH F Ihli PtsurbCTION AND RlbK ASSESSMENT

IN NUCLLAR H v a t r4 PLANIb: T hd R ( b ) YCAltn ML ; HO d t 4 0VH Y R.v; blJtinib AG; MAR!sNI LtJa Publ e t w:- N b b C L A t A PtLYTECHNIC INbl. ; Cau1NLERING CONbuLTANTS INC. ;

A;Cn!CAi. ;4LCLd An IN S U kC r4 5It l '. c 0:

'Pt witu PP5, FnUM 19 eu *Nb/ENb TUP! CAL MEttING ON T HC.iM AL nEACTOR'-

3 AFu l Y ; A. .U A v l LL t . T '_ N N . , Ar41L 7-11, 19eOe

All MAILAdlLITY - R.a. rtuCN tNuuRY , RC 4SbELAtR PLLYTCCHNil INST.,rhbY, N.Y.

I E LD r< Y i V000v iO 100C Gi 230000ITILN O117u .T ., Y AST4 ALT OU4 1..G NLk i t a 44U A1ALYblS OF fines UCLURRING I '4 N L C LE A R

PL Ai4 f b , IT Hnb OLCONd CLhAR IMAT I M P, U V td D 4tPunTING ANs HECURD5AhL tb5CNTIAL fun r-VIUNC mlSA MUULLLING ANU PWUTCCTIVt DESIGNANU PLA...ING. CUkhE .I RtPUNTlaG RLSULTS ARC REVlE4CD ANDAvCITILNAL .i tti LC s FACTOkt ANU uCCURUS ARE IvEN T IF ldv.

vwtRDb rs L A C I L H , PUaL4;PUwdn PLANT, i.UCLd A R ;F IRE PROTECTION;&NCIDCNTCLv.P I L A T IGN ; F 1 hE ;H I S A

/ /0 / 3 0 00 C 01-00 0 011 b/ / 11 1cC',5 I Lia i40 . u tb O I ue%aILE I .4Ch cmc NT AL <sl :.A A L St bbM t- N i f;P PLkFCR.wANCC CF Nui.-S AFE T Y GRADE

LLUIPMtNI SU tsJ tC I.:D 1O A ig AUVERbd CNVInCNMENT (cNCLLbURE 2)W,aviM e TL'ill 17 005 IR lat FLWUM, INC., d A SHING ION , DCft 19/9st n40 do eGS, LTh a/ATIACH. TO Nhc LFFICb U: NUCLdAes e<E a C T OR

.< tG UL A T 10 4 , vCl. 19, 19/94IL A'wAILAulLITY - NHC PUGL l t UGLUMENT RUOM, !71s H SFACET,

a ASH ING Tu N, L. C. LC55b (Le CtNTb/PAGd -- M I N I *1U M CHARGE12.v0)

TCLunY 110000;O9000%; 1/OuoO;2J0vouITILN Olla+ Club n IFmin Y A.T?aCI 4teL9T 15 A UCNEklC PhuBASILibilC ANALYSIS THAT ESTIMA155 THE

PGTcNTIAL PULLIC RibA ASSOCIATED WITH C O N C Cfs N S DE S CR I BE D IN I E.I NF Ou M A T I GN .OTICE 79-22. Ai.ALYS1S IS 6AScb UN A COMPAHISUN IFC S T I .w A T E u PR ut> A61 L I T I E S LF 4 NECLN TLY IvENTIFib3 SEGUENCES W IT MTHE dbl 1MATEU PHLoAultITIE5 LF PUTENT1AL ACCIUCNT SECUENCES1ULNTIFIED 1 :. Rd AC iUrs SAFtiY bTUUY. CU.4CLUS 1 UN h C ACHC C. THATINChENLNTAL IM PA C T UPON e-UuLil 916A LF PO T EN T I A L UNhdSLLVEDSAFLTY I SbUC S AP r C A rt b TU ut SMALL. COi4CLU S ! JN P~uoAOLY VALIDF m ALL raR'b UN LL S S A DtPENUENCY ECTuECN INITIATING EVCNT ANDFalLUhi UF AUXIL1ARY FEE,vATth 5 Y S TE M CA N 6C IDENIIFIEU.

mnUb ,taCrvR, Pu n ta ;PCnF U.WAN CE ;H I t A ; ACCl J dN T , PNCHAbILITY LF;abCNCY, ;.aC; W PAalbuN;ue"._ RATING C xPC H IC?dCE ; htLI An I L I TY4..At Yb I b ;Fht W A T Ek ; CLN TW (L S YS TEM ; L I A T 16 T I CAL ANALYblS

/0/0000001-0000116// 11 2dbblON NO. UU Aul se eblLt CA4VCY IHC R tA CI I LN OF A CUMMUNIIY t- XPO SED TC LUJSTANTIAL

A ISa b

_ - _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - _ ._ _ _ _ _ . - - - _ - - _ - _ - - - - _ - - - - - _ - - - _ - _ - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_

- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ 0 0 00 0 01 -C G 0 01 1 b / / II C CL'.TINUATICN I PACE 73

.R(b) C AVC LAu I J i UNIV. UF GALIF., LUS A.4GFLtb

iSLU't

J Ud A-t; .L-7 9 0 / + ALD-r O +. 9 ppb, I hEF, LCT. 1979lu m ka I t A t. l L 1 T v - TH U .! V . ._. t- LaL IF . , SChJLL u t- $NG 1 Nt E % I NG b

AWLitu bC i t.4 L, t'. t n u Y c A l i .t I ! L:> UL P T . , LaPCHib GnuuP, LUS%LCLEb, CALIF.

IEGCKY .:. i G u uI TILo 0114

s<P LLv; Uav3U:41 m Y A2bT,ACi ir0 -t Atl I Urd UF 1 r1C LANVLY IbLANu PUeULATIGN PhDVICC6

L L.. S i v h w AriL C SUPPunT r Gd IMC VICa Thal "COMPARA61LITY Gr: RISK"| Ib C o r .CC P T I t tA l THL PU L L I C , IN A idCAL blTJATIL4. CAN READILY-

| GA P s t t t E .J A:o, 1.4 THE CASC CF THC UK AT LCAbT, AnC .vlLLING TGnCLCPI Ab A d nbut.AaL- 3ndib FLR UtClSILNd AFFECTING IHElab ar; t T Y , cVtN 1F 1hCY Do NGT S t- Nt F 1 I J1xtCTLY Fhua The % 154 L INuUtSTILN. TtE RI$Kb AR1Lt FPDM uIL R C F 1.4 t R I b S , PbTRCLtV'4,. 40.41 A , Arau ttYDnLGco F L L A> h i st bTuhAbt FACILITILS, M. AMMONIUM.41IkATh -LnNI /a v U Tiitic FALIL1TICb.

YaudUb . 1:A;aLNtF1i Vb .< l .26 U N I Tho K li4Cv D'1; HY UaCC Aa NUN ;h Y ah uLEN ;FLUUKlut;FUtL. FUbblL

// O/ 00 00 001-OC J O ! 13// 11 v1.L a b I I; 4 .4U. dvCO1bcb**JILC I r-ti LUTLLCA FO R NLCLEAR PGwCa<Pau it t N A I I Ol. AL AC A ud IiY OF DeuthdthINGTC Ivc 0Ph Lmu 74 PPs, eutt la ttu ts Y ThC NATION-L ACauCMY LF SCidNCtb. NATIUNAL

% C A u d.h Y UF L i .G !.i tL n 16 26, 19c0 ( I brs N 0-309-03019-0) ( FR OMi I LC r1N I L AL LE. LL I G 4 UF THC a N.N uaL AC ET INL; W Ab et t.4vl O 4. U.C., NUV.| 1, 1979)AIL AVAILAulLITY - P H IN T ir46 t, PUatibHING O Ft- l C t . NaTICNAL ACADEMY

U r- dCICNuth, 2101 CLa STI IV IILtd AVE., N.4., J Abr11 NG TGN , D.C.% G.,1 e

TELLhY O l u G O u i h30 G o u ; 14 0 60 0111 uN L114UNTFY a

di<ACT A C .d N T b P A P t- H b THAT aERt u l VEle AT THE T E C HN IC AL bdSSIGN OF THEA ?..N U 4 L MdCT1.6 LF THE NA1IUNAL ALADLMY GF EN GI NE Ca l NG tNGV. 1,1979). Iht IU P I CS I NCLUvED : (1) Nth D FOW NUCLEAR POWCAa tm v a l CE : aOnLU K t L I O . d.L LNLhGY MUJ.J C L I :4G; (2) RISK ANDvt-GChALY; Ia) NutwCAR P U .v E R RELI AtILI TY ANg S A r:ETY 1:4CL4PahlbLN To O r t tLR M A JO , LN b t IU LUNRe7I IVC.4 I b ; (5) NUCLbARaAbTd A AF.A 6 E ' E i4T ; ANO (o) FUlUAt NLCLLAR SYSTtMb TCCHNLLLGY.

f*0hDb ' . -eu .v L h , 5AFLTY Or- i d l 5 6. ; ht L 1 Au l L i l Y AN ALYS i b i l ivs VS T AY , UTILITY;N Ab T d' M ANActoCN T ;ENdhbY 64)L I L Y ; CGN P A.< l SON ; F UC L , FO b51 L ; bY S T E MA. daL Y b l b

'/ u/ 0 0 00 001-00 0 01 I b// 11 4.t: b S 1 0 N NO. UuJOlbo21a'LL tbTIMaTINu Trd CoSTb CF nYPU Irtd T 1 C AL .7LACTOs ACC1DtNTbHudtd) HbidH s;'PliabA0 e1PaUih U ht G U r4 SLATE Ui41 V .E 197%*t J'O e +S, a I A r, d , .: FIGb, A.NALS Or NLCLbAH Ct4C H G Y , et7-e), PP.

44b-ud l1979)CLO 4Y O10000;e,GGooT I U tw 0112P Cl.v C U 60..T 4 Y a

em A Nb dTW A C I %Aul0ACT!VE NiLCAbE FACM A r<t A C T O R A C C l ut:NT 15 CUNblDERED THH

-l AJ U m nib 4 14 THt LPCh A T IUta CF A R C A C TGR . THb CONb2GUdNCE OFALCluCNT A E L LA bd INCLUDEb V u l L V ., MdALTH CFFECTS ANJ PRCPERTYJAMAGd. IN WLtx TO L V A LU A T L THC ECUNOMIC R!ss teF ACACTORaCC l oC.4 T b TU Trt SuC IE TY , THE PHubAuILITY VS CUNbtGUtNCE CURVESIN THt hcACTL4 SAFtTY STuuY (U.S. NRC, 1975) WEAE CUNVCHTES TUh lLN Vb CL Nb EO UC NCd CURVtb Fus THC VAdlOub ddALTH ti F F E CT S ANDPnLHE n T Y A A -G C (Hb1CH, 1976). THIS AR TI CLE alLL JEVELOP THE

____ - _-______________ _. _ -__. _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ - -. -_

|

/0000004-0000113// 11 CONTINUATIO*4 1 PAGC 74

4C T hflv0LLGY 10 CCr4VE N T f t t- AhCVE 4Ibsb TO Pr4 E SE '4 T -w Os T H OCLLARV aL u rm . Lu fr.A T ThE <lbsb TO bdCICTr L t- V A r< !,UU b CUtJLtuuENCES CFs L A C T u e* J-L L l i . 4 f 6 C a -4 od AblLY C L Me> A RC O .

JPOL .s L A C I U N i n L C l .2 N I . CL A *LCL LA NLcb ; CCLNUM IC STOLY;hADILACTIVITY,<:_L: A Su ;r ! :> K ;C A.J CLH ; cf F C cT , b.:. 4t T I L ; U AA A bt ; 6 T A I ( $ T (C AL AN A LYS I S

/0/ 0 0 00 0V 1 -L O O L ' I b / / 11 5E '., S I J N ;40. O U s C 1 d e 19 'sILu M L ,. dAFC IS "TLG" 5 A t- E ?Itnin ( b ) 'JLAC% S L ; . . l L r n Ud r-

sk P A U l r1 I si C < r. A T 1 CN-L AIuNIL tt4C oc v AttuCY. V ( LNN AAit 1960

PL .;

'm 11 emd. a TALd. .2 FIGL. 13 nLFS. 1ACn U U L L E T !!4 . 22(1). PP.40-u0 ( r- C 6 . 19c0)

TLOUhY b1000G;2.0000? ! T I Qi. O 11 anP CLDE I AAs

QUN f *< Y I[ A135 i AL as S T A /. C T I h1 a Pa rr x S bu k S T b ThAT TLTAL 9iSK CANNuT ot ALUULEO 3dYGNU

A 7.Y 0 I v t.r 4 L I MI T. AT A Cth T A Ita ets it4 I The OCCUPATIUNAL ANDechtlG hlbK cF P4LoutlNb LaFETY LOUIPMEWT cCCONCS r110 hC:s THANI HC .iC DUC T I O N nC H I C V t d IN aN exl IING s!SA. 3 ABED LtJ DA T A FROMI t e- r:ca E. A nL escHJLLIL OF L E A M A t4 Y . IT HAS JEEa E b r ! % TO.D THAT 1:. Lu l v AL L'4 T !.< t A I M LR 0000 t uulv ALLNi Lubt *4 Au -D A YS Abt CAUSCOv Lu l:46 TrC CLN b T h vCT I UN 4.N U 1;4 ST ALLA T ! uN OF SAFCTY Cou l sME'4TL C: T 1. .u suGUT 14, a ILL 104 4. f r10 6 . L Ast ND 1 T Ufi E S Lt4 SAF h TY AT:. Ah o l . . A L CGE TS u t- klLA x EOUC Tl uN Hidtith THAN 133 |ilLLlLN PERtuvivALENT L Ir- C .AVCU A G Lt L ACTUALLY LtAu TC AN I N LA ti A S E INsi:A . I r716 t A RE N d i I UW h IMPLith TitAT 1400 M A r4-YE AR S OF tFFORTc't s t LU I VA LE ..T L i l- E r1A V E 6CC 4 USCD FbR NO NL1 LAIN IN bAFETY.

' f Ni m d b I Ac A ; AU b TH I A ; Cub r t3 Ct.LF 11 ; bat ' T Y M Awb ! T4;H I SA ; ECUt4LM ICb

|

|t

|,

_ _

/G000001-COGuJ76// 1 PAGE 75

5 ION NO. C L L O 1 tJs s u oA n r. T r f u l t LL G Y eor COMPARING [HC MEAL!H EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC 1TYGtNtn A T IUN P nO m UH Ai 41 UM n;w U C0aL PUbLS

tuW(b) ..hY;4C aR,LL-tAbSILN1 nA2AUTH v 1L x T E C HN I C A L ~LSUCIATES INC., UAA MIDGE, TN i U.S. NUCLEAR

'. EG UL A I L n Y L LM.M I L' 1 Lf JH 1 %; 1

'L LYO go Pub, FRLM .d tA A SH o r G .s A d ac;,b i r,G hei AL T H I M PAC Ta CF ENCAGY

T cL ha LL Lb l L 5 Al f r-E 46VILNAL UH NATivNAL LtVtL; UPlON, NY, D hC ./a, l 's t , a

1 AIL A VA I L Au l LI TY - a.k. nr tYN E , H G .7 ftCHNICAL AdSCCIATCL INC., 's77o , v, alDLc l u nN P I A t . LAK n1vGE, TN 0 76 a0

AILLbnY ._ ; C O d G21TIUN 013bpVNThY ALThACT 14L F t-1,L U LUL Y aAb U L vtLU Fti D FOR CUMPARIt,G THE HCALTH RISKS OF~

EL_CThIClTY tENdhATIUN F AC .v URANIUM A Nu CGAL FULLS. THE HEALTntFFtCTS ATThiaVTAbLC TO CCNSIRUCTION, GPERATION ANDbtLuithbluNING OF EaCH FnCILITY IN THc T du FUtiL CYCLES WERCLL s4b luc bC v. T nE M t i riL C U LLuY 16 oAddJ GN U t e l f, l t G (1)M oulnL. vent VA s l AnttS Fun tnt hlEmIALS, ENEAGY ETC.. (E)bFF LUEid T V Ah I A LL tb tbbOC1Aleu 41TH REGulabMCNT V A R ! Ac)LES ASn E L._ AS alTH F ud L CYCLE FACILITY U PEr< A T ION AND (3) ME AL TMIvPACl VMIALLC5 ROW cFFLUtNib A. 4 v AC C I DEN Tb .

YwCNud PauoAbiLidlIL nlbN AdScSbMLN!ibOClu/PHILaSOPHICAL CONb l uER A T IO N ;nAJAnUS ANAL YS I5 ; nA 4APU , hCLaTivE;tPR!idAFETY ANALYbl5

o/d / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 00 70 / / LLLdblON r.U . VOLUlt9907T L:- UblNG l @Ul s U TPU T ANALYLib TC CALCULATE UCCuPATILNAL HEALTH

Ai.o dartIY LFFCCid CF ENthGY T t Ci iN LLU G I E SAPAUTh r. NC A L Y t, K E b uu :,C E CUNbuLTANTS 1:4C., OLULUER, CU16 1v76et L4U i.: u P P S , PROM uOhrLHLP 04 ASSESSING HEALTH IMPACTS CF CNERGY

TdCe:NULOGICS ai Tete W tG I Lt,at UH NalluNAL LdVEL; UPION, NY, DEC.7 -o , 19 <.1

AIL AVAILAclLITY - ENt;GY 6 f,E SI uR C U NSUL T AN T S INC., P.O. DNA#ER U,LGVLDER, CU 6 O , so

~

ICobnY .' a 0 0 0 011[QN O l3 dJMThY AdTw AC I PntbCNTb El V i c u br< Ar Hd s t il Ch UU T L I Nt- THE vtTHODULOGY USED IN

Ttt ANALYSIS.YAORJb L AF C T Y t V ALU AT IO N ; SY ST E'4 A NALY S 1 L ;LCui=UX I C S TUO Y ; .uCU CL ,

vE T bH M i t,l S I I C ; , ~ C l JE N T MCvEL

:/v / U U 00 0G 1 -00 0 u0 70// 3;P_ S I O ' A NU. 00CL1L9900T L.- A CoMenh1 SON U r- INPUT-LU1PUT AND Ph0LESS ANALY S15Thuh(L) Mit AUw I TZ PD ;d uw t ADJPAUTH okOUAHAVhN NATIUNAL LAS.. UPTON, NYTE 19e1*E i

4 lb ePb, t-4LK d LH Abrile UN A SSd L S if.G HEALTM 14PACTb CF ENERGYT E CH.'4G LOG I n d AT Inb HCGIC.NAL CH NAlldNAL LEVEL. UPION, NY, DEC.?c, 19bl

sit AvalLAoILITY - M ICH Att J. R L .v E . dlOMEUICAL f, ENVIMONMENTALA LbE bL M t: 4 T DivlSION, DEP T. OF ENERGY G EN V * RGNMEN T , cROCKH AV EN'4 A T I JN A L lao . , UPTON, NY 1197a

EubRY LO000TIUN OladP Cout b4A

'4 4 T k Y A. TRACT ATTE uP I S TU LUMPAkE W h bO LT S FRCM I NPU T-UU T PU T ANU PhLCdSS

M LU t t.S H,, V t ti t N ha vPdRCD oY 1:4 MC R E N I DIFFdRENCd5 1., THE MUDEL SAND 3Y INCONLILTENCIES I t, ASbuMPilLNb. IN unCtw TO dXAvlNE THb1.N T C ,< C U xP AH A c I L I T Y OF nEtutTS FAUM TrtESE U l r- F E R E N T APPCUACHES,Ai.AL YS i d *the PRCPAhCD F LR A SINGLt CNERGY SYbTcM USING ACCNSILIENT L ._ r O F UATA FCh 6LTH MULELL.

40huS SYbidM ANALY LI L; h AZ ADDS AN AL YS i d ; C COf,UM I C bTUDY;tAeETYeN 1 N C I PL ._ d A.o PHILOSOPHY;ACL1DENI MuGCL;MUDCL, UC TCRM I N I S T I L

_ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - - - _ - _ - - _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - _ _ - - _ _ --

_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _

/CCLOOCl-COOCutt// 9 PACE 76

LluN NOo O GV u I L's w.cN4 JtFLa5 k Ut t .A A r< ! N G Lit U L V tL UP%t.4 T OF 1ANDATURY SYbTCM TOC LL L.: L I UFt * AT l t Jii As. DATA F h b .n NULLEAN PU4CW rLANIL

u.VTM U.b. NULLEAR sCLULAIvhY LUMM i bb I Uidl 's U 1

- Ao .mG St u b htLCAuc el-tod +. 1 PG, FLs 4 LEA t..Dlhu LCT. o, 19clAll AVAltab!LITY - .shC, uF F I LE GF PUOLIC AFFA14b, 4AbMINGTUN, D.C.

20S5aTEoOHY 010 0 0 0 ; / 3C O O u

i t T I G;J 015bw CU J C :<kC,Uhl%Y A,SI-ACT lef b Y S T C .'d , W Le ubE u IN J/dV AR Y OF istib YEAR, v6ULC HAVE

C L. .o I h D T r1 L '4 RC * b HLPun T 1;4G S Yb I h 74--L ICEN bd b CVLNT%LPGk1L--ANu InC U T ILITY INDUbiRY'S SY STC M- T HE NUCLtAW PLANTh ht i AC I Li T Y vA T A bYLTCA ( N Ph b51 --I N T C A bINbLE M ANJ A T QiRYntPUs T I Nb SYbr c4 PsIUR Iu suupUbINb THE RULEMAAING IN,

i J M.U A N Y , THE anC STAFF H ,. 0 IDCNilFICJ TnO PRINC1t*ALS t .an T LU M I .4b b lu NrNub--UlIL1TIbb i f 4ILRPRC T ING T r1C REPORTABLEJ AT A U I F t c k ..T LY ANu low LtVLL H AN T IC IP A T I CN DY T r-E UTILITICS.

Y SLh ab ,u .L. 4 C Y , ,6C ; . C LU LA 1 1 UN , anC;PuwtR PL A.4 T , NUCLEAh;nELiAcILITY,a Y L T d d ; I NJu b la Y, UT ILI T Y ; HELI Ao1LI T Y. CCMPUNENT; DATA CULLECTION;%tPU,I, i;PC 8 n T lu..b

t/ 0/ voua 001 -00 0 0u to// 5CESbitha No. L v A u t o's 7:2aTLC chITEh1A FUk S AF t TY ntL A TEJ 4UCLE AH PUNE4 PLANT UPERATOR

*LIIONb: INilIAL PuCSSUx!iEs na ten dEACTCk (rawk) SIMULATOkE^txClbLb

Thuh(S) o L1 T 1F ;Cho t C;MAAb PMRPAUTh U AN h[DLd a A 1 { UN AL L ,. b . . TNTE 1901JF N90 '4Un L b / L h- 19 G L + On.4 L / Nun LG / T M-'+ 4 *+ +. 103 PPS, FIGE, REFS,

L Er> T . 1NotA I t. AVA[LAbILI[Y - NATIUNAL T E CHl41 C AL li4r- OR M A T I ON SEHVICE, U. S.

a W W T x t'4T OF CuMMCnCE, '.P R i nG F i tLD , VA. 221o1ILOO4Y 170 0 v 0 ; 2 cG O O U ; 09 000 0IYLUN 013b?P Ct U t. r- d:JN T s Y ASixACT .UCLZAn rLANT LU.4 T RLL RULM SIMULA1UH tACRC1StS F C r< StVEN r) W R

t Vt.4 T b Cut CO Nu'J C I E U alIM TEN LONinUL nOOM TCAMS. OPEHATURP t- iF O!u A. <CE nab nCCUhDCU oY AN AU IUMA T IC PER fox M A*4LE%\bunEMLNT SYbfCM (PMb) ANO oY budJtCIIVE EVALUAfION.NtbeUNLL IIMtb At4D ChsOn PHOuAulL1I1cb aCHL EbTIMaI60 FORSELtCitu AC1IUNS. Inc OA1A L O L L t t 'I C J AILL L A TE R uE LONPARbC TOFicLD UATA U C I :su CJLLCCTis FUN SIMILAW CVENTS Ita usats TOPhLVIsc A c ALI L F(R E A Tit ,430L ,.T I ON UF S11ULATOR DATA TO ACTUALLes d A T ! hG CL 01 t l uNL . ULTIMATEuY, A 2ASE LF HUMAN P5ib F OR M AN CEUAT* d I LL c d J Lv iLOPLD FtGM SIMULaTLs EX PE ri ! *EN i b nHICH CA N DEubCv To cur ALL laH CHITER1A A .'.D 5TANDAnod, tVALUATd dFFECTb QFAtY schEOhMA;Ct-bhAPING PACTURS, ANU SudPURT SAFETY /RIS<A LSc SbML;.T A.dLYbtS. ( F Art )

'duhoS CLN TRUL PANEL /HULN;bIMULAIION;PONEk PLANT, NUCLd A N ;WE ACTOR , PWR;HUAAM F ACI Uh L; br>Eh A T GR A CT 1ON;UA T A CuLLEC T 10a

:/0/ u o OO OO 1 -00 vbo /b // oCSSIO 4 NU. Otudic96/7L. I wL I C A T ! UNb FON R t. A CT U W baFETY u t- Thd ACCIDENT AT innEE MILE

I CL A. 4 v , UNII 2HGatb) L wbr a l U ; MGE LL CR sdP*UTH V 4. l V . o r- CALle., Lub ANGLLeb i HAn/ Add UNIV., uUb!ON, MA6 lx1f JU ,b PPS, 90 h t F b, A.4NU AL hCVics UF LNC R LY , VOL. O, PP. 4 3 -6 h

t 19 t21 )LGUNY 17G00L;ua000vII ON O135P COUE VAV;HAC74 Th Y AIR ACT II APPEAst TU Ld DIFFICULT Tu Ot4CNdimATE dlTH A HICH DLGREE OF

LLNFIJerLE T HA i IHd FhEUUCNCY UF SLVEkE CORE UAMAGE CR CCRE

______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ 00 00 0 01 -00 v LO 7o / / L CJNTINUATION 1 PAGE 77

itL T F C r. h t A u r LN b IN LPC h A f lu?; CR UNvEs CCNSTRUCTICN l '., LE SSi i >A N uNL I t, I .-1 L u a x. . C TL GNL 1 to tac T HOU S At40 Pt< YEAH. ALSO,n

I ht.s d A~t SU '4 Aa Y PG itN T inL PAIHS TO A SEVEkt CLRL DAMAGE UNCLut ...c L T A C L i vD iT Tita f IT #1LL at OlFFICULT TC MA&E TMEt- sc voc N L Y ur buCH AN ACCIUCNT b 16W I F l C AN T L Y SMALLEH, 41TH AHIon b6 Lo E E tF CuNe i OtiNC L.

wuhss T rs . 3 aILt l '_L AN O 2 ( P.wh ); INC I wdN T ;ht aC T OR , P4R;ACCIsENT;F tLD J A T ts ; V A LV tS ; CON Li< E S :.;I vN AL AC I I V I T Y ; A C r<S ; A GCN CY , NRC;t h A:4 61CN T ; A C Li cil.T. LOSG LF LLLLAN I ;CUNIRUL S YS T EM ; 4 LL I At31 L I TY ,L Y:.> T r:A ;Ph0L A c l LI I Y ; 50C IU /PH I LU b0e'M ICAL CUNS1>thAf1ON

c/0/0600001-G00607o// /;CLb b i mi NU . G GA O 1 o% 19ILL vAMCLM, LUMMea-CAUSL MtThuCULUGits UslNG LAwGE FAULT TRCES

|NPTUTHftOH(S) PblNtY h

,.> L i c '4 L c PeL IC AT l o.4S INC., PALO ALTO, CA.

l it Ibc1f PE N10 L PH 1 -NP -I t b l +. 6/ PPS, o Tach, 31 FIGS, MAY 19c1AIL A ulLAblLITY - R cL:d A NCH 6CPUhls CtNTf_4, tiLECTRIC POdEx WESE AaC H

1.AT., P.o. ::U A LOO 9u, PALu ALTU, CALIF. ++303TFLGnY LnudQG,2c00001 T I U.a v150nP CUut balUta I !< Y A

, S T w ,4 C T v E b C A l u ti b Int tu W'8TcR LLOC dAMLCA, a CODE OcVELudtO TU DEALa 1T H I.01viVUAL A.40 CGMG INLO C U M 9 UN-C A USt- 69CNIS ANJ'

..ANDUM-entLurE L vtN T , . a A NC ut, 16 Ltb104cu FOR THE txPERIENCEDANALYbT auh A ING v1TH LARLE, CGNPLEA FAULT TREEb. OtLCNIPTIVEi

C Au bri ' .t i b Or LU bC E P 1 1 b LC bYbfEM COMPCt4ENTS AhE IDEN T IF I ED , ANDA L A A6 uL PROLLLM, Ab AELL Ab A USER *b GulDE, 15 PnUVIOtu. ( E# H)

v vbh ub t- >-R l ; F a l LU h ti , LoxMUN MU D t; A N ALY T I C AL TECHNIGUCiFAULT TREEA ?. A LY b i b ;( G M KJ 1 C rt PRUGkAx;FAILUhC MU bti ANALYSIS

J /le / G O CO 0 01 -00 0 00 70/ / h-

NG. O GL C i t% v 7_t S S I O /4I L:- M IDL AND i- L A N l AUxlLIARY Ftt04Alta SY S TtM RELIABILITY AN ALY SISIMuh(b) udY LL; LATE CL;GAnn1CA oJ,PauTH PICAAND, LoaL L oar <xICA IN C . , iRV1N, CATE Ivc 04 yMi r)LG-U 1 * 7 +. d10 PPS, OLI. 19eO tDCLKET 50-329).lL A va l L A b l LI TY - 4R C vubtil D L C U td E N T kuCM, 1/17 m S T w ti E T ,

a Ab hli.G T LN, L. C. C O b b :, (05 Cc N TS/ P AGE -- M 1.'41 AU M CHARGE12.00)

iiGCRY c40000;loOOOutITIUN G 1.35JNT%Y A;T*ACI Tr.8 E E ALTcRNaT IV E Dtbl6NS ARC E xaM INCD : 1) Inc LLUCLE

C nO L b uV E.s LAM N HI Ct t H E P H ti St. .T b THt CunHCNT s I D L A.40 A F .4 SY ST EM,E b l u.4 AS vE LC h l Ghv IN T HE FSAR, 2) fME t3 A bti CASE 4HICHWEP Albt N Ts T tti M!vtAND AFa bYbTLM LCblGN PHILH TC 1.4CO RPCR A T IO NOF CCn T Al 4 MtD IF IC AI Iota , ANU a) THE IHkEE PUwP C A SC 4HICH-ErREbtNTS A T rtiURE T I C AL CLMPARISUN OF THE MIDLAND 2-100% P UM PULSIGN =1TH TH L 2 20%, 1 -1 0 0 ~. PUaP UC S t uN UTILI4ED ON SEVERALU f ME R U6a P L MI TS . Thd R tibOL I S DhMUNSTRATc The LUwERU.AVAILAu1LITY OF THE MILLANs AFW LYSTEM DLblGN IN COMPARISONTL THE T Hn t C P UM P OLb!GN ANALYiLD.

4GwUd AIvLANO I (PW ); MIDLAND 2 ( P.vR ) ih uLl Ab IL I T Y ANALYblS;<tL 1 Ab I L I T Y , b YS T LM ; RCL i Ao IL 1 T Y , CLMPGNt'N T ; AU A I L1 AR Y ; FEEDW A T E9 ;nUAILIARY LU LL I;4 G ; PU,dPb ; ht AC T OH , PWA

. /0/ C O CO 0 01 -6 0 0 00 i t2/ / 9dbb lUN NO. OGVOLUS407LL 7 t .d ilULY i,L LS TS NUCLtA4 b A F t. T YMu R ( b ) be4_lSoV6Y OFr. I%1E .

O l PG, iHE Ch ul ST l AN LCIEt.CE MUNITLH, PG. 3 (AUG. I1, 19bl)LGUkV 01C00U ; 0bOOO O; 1e0000 ; 23G Lo uTIUN OlabNThY ATWACT t r; MULTEN Fuck FLLL INTO WATCR AT TMC BOTTOM OF THE REACTOR

VLLSEL. A STLAN LAPLUSIUN T HE uhE I l C ALL Y COULv RESULT. 15 IT

______ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/ 0 0 v0 0 01 -U 0 0 00 7t,/ / u CONTINUATION 1 P A GE 78

e nUE A c.L E , t V L'4 P LLS Ic.L C , TMAl LlCAM LAPLUS1ON CUULO bLUn Ae n

H l.L C 14 T Ht: t ai AV Y , CLt.Ck CT h suie t CU VE K INu ThL HEACICh AND EOr.CLta5C LAhbL Ar> UUNT S OF RAalUACTIVh MaTExlAL ImTU IHLt- c.v l R i o,Mr.a T 7 "t Cci. i c x Pcw 1 MEN Tb C Li.u u C TcE D Al SANO1A NAflONALi /u G H a T L u l C 5 , S U .s r u n i c D uY wuaA uE lr4G UuuE IN NEdT bbkMANY ANOI1ALY, 1,4d l C ,. I t THAT I Hti HIdA UF SUCH Ai4 EAPLUSlGN 15 10 TO 10 0FINES LELL T 6:A N and isb SU Co. "LEN Eis A LLY , THli nCsVCCS STEAMC@LULIL;L F nu M A Mb li. 4 TL AN I NS I G N l t: lCANT SUURCE GF h ! S A , ''M A I N I A I .a b Iti.. hEstAncH PhuGnAM M A N Ab c. R FOR T r1C NHL. (FAH)

Y 40 9 US A LC 1 JLN I ; Wd A LI LR , e 4 9 ; S T L AM ; LX PLL S luN ;LU.sE M t L TDL 4 N ; T E L T I NG ;ALdNCY, N Ts c

/0 / 0 u 00 G 01 -0 0 0 00 7#./ / 10CL d b l L. 4 NO. UZult94e6ILt A ukYbib LF L:.3 4 UA f A DANA GF 14.C I U bia I S AND ELF'd DATA BANA OF

vPL n AT I LN/ Ma I'4 It N Ac4CE ANALYS1L iWLPURT S (GMAN) (lN FRCNCH)I t.oh ( S ) CiuDaAY h;LALS u ;'.AT IE I JM

nPAUTH CCA slV1LlLN J 'E l uoE ET LC DEVELUPMEN T DE S H E A C T C R '., . FRANCEFE 19e!L M

Vt; i -i T / L Yb I / C S N /6 b/ ,'+ J + Fmhdd-299 +.E s a b r. L It1E H L Ac.G*it AvalLAblLITY - S u b A4. DISILvLSTht, LUCu vCN T MANAbCALNT t1 h A N C H ,.

lVlblUN br; IECHNICAL I N FORM AT l a.4 L sdCUMENT CGNThCL, U.S.s

' uG L. A n .4C LU Le IC n Y C L V.M 1 *. S 1 0 N , aALHINGTON, J .C ..

IELLhY I70000;iaOUGOITI(n. L 13bUNIHY r

alNaCI l e s_ 1 : . l a. T OF THlb STUDY IS TO INVESI1 GATE THE PUS 513LECL,.IsloulICNL IG SYsTEMb HELIAdlLITY ANALYSib TAAING INTO%CCLUNI thE AVAILAdLt EXFtsitNCE AL R E r*UW T ED IN CCLLE C T IGN CFd Vt N T S bcLa T O TU SapCTY ANU AVAILA31LITY UF AEnCIUR OPEN A T I ON .l i fC DalA onNA> UbCD ANE Int CbA/UbN'S SAFETY RtLATtD CCCUx 4thC EmLWuMT AND l t C. Car ' S UPC A A T I uN/Ma l NTE NANCE A NALYS I S REPORT(DAAR). THt S LU ACc5 A.'4 D THE PkINTUUT UF DATA Aht UE SC R i i3C D .II SHOULJ bt .4GTED TMAT THE LA TA EANKb ARE C af&LE x. sin T A RY : INTet CALE TR C AT CD . LNLY A THI4D O t- T Hti TCTAL NUMetd OF EVENTS 1SLLwMON fu IHL TWO cANAS. THC SYbTEM USCO AS AN CAAMPLE FOR THEL IUUY IL 1ML AlblouAL rte nT RtMLVAL SYSTEM ( w r1R ) FLm : R tiNC H ANDAAthlCAN Pax P LA N T S . SCvCRAL SYSTEM CUN:lGUHATIONS ARC bhlCFLYvhbChthEL. (d AH )

faUaDS nELIALILIIY A4 ALYSI S ;HEt l AulL1 T Y, SYSTEM; GPE R A T ING E XPCRIE NCE;varn C LLOCCl IU.4; Hc AC TUN , PWR;DCCAY McAf; COOLING;COCLING SYSTEM,'., LC C N s A A Y ; A U Al L 1 AN Y COUL INu ; FURL I GN tXCHANGE; INCIDENTLLNP I L A I 10i4 ; F4 A.4 CE ; R HW ; S HU T Ju a n COLL ! NG bYSTEM

3/0/000J001-000C070// 11.E LS I d'4 s et s . 00A0IL94cdlLb b et a ui4LF%C NLELEAH bdNEm AT INu b T A T I UI. , UNITS 2 ANO 3. AUXILIARY

Ft tD4 AlEH SYLTcM att i AO I L1 I Y STUvY tVALUATIGN~ huh (S) LNAULCY LH< P A u IH on'401 A i.a T IC aA L LADS.. A Lc VL UE hC UE , NM't ISc1'C .

'U c.UAtv/CH cit 3 + bANO 61-1129 e. 41 Pub, 3 FIGS, 7 PCFS, UCT.1901

.IL AvAlLAHIL1TY - N ATIUi4AL TrCHNICAL INF ORM A T ICN SERV 1CC, U. S.ulPARTMENT OF CO MME H Cti , :.P N I NGF I EL D , VA. 221o1

bGUHY L aV O O O ; I EO U G b; 1 c 0 000 ; 23 0 00 0TILN O13be CLLh ALANTsY A.T;ACT TH15 kde-Lar WLSENTb THE R t SUL T S UF THE RE VI EW OF Thh AUXILIAAY

FCCu w ATE.s LYLTEM HELIAblLlTY ANALYSid FGW THe SAN ONCFWE. .LCLE A r LE..C AA T I lo. S I A T I Li4 U.,i TS 2 AN s 3. T hti A 4 ALY51 S WA5%LP AR EL F U F. S LU T riE kN C Ai_I FGn N ! A tbILUN CU YP AN Y aY COMuJSTIONE l.L I N L C R I N G .

aGNUS A VA I L I A kY i w A ld h ; ACC I UtN T A N ALY S I S ; LAN LNOFRC 1 ( P ,,Ci ) ; S A N GNCFRb2 ( P A H ) ;Uet h AT I NG LICCN5t PRCCESb;UPChATING EX PER I EN CC. ;MLLIAulLllY AN AL YLIS ; FEE ve A TER ;CLLLING SYSTEM, EdCONCAhY

/ v/ OO OO OO 1 -GO L ov /o// lidSSION NO. 0000109103J NUCLLAn P L A N 'I kEL I Ab IL I T Y DATA LYSTEM 1960 ANNUAL MEPORTS OF

__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _

._

/0 0 00 001 -U0 000 /b// 1J CO NTINU A T IGN 1 PAGC 79

LUv.UL A T I V E K YS Tt A AN D CdvuNENT N ELI ABILI TYAUTH LwittuCLt h e '.t A R C n INLT., S Ai. ANT Uf Jiu . TX

(Scl; a

u ,L*< t- b / L 6 C , L +. obu ppb, TAbb, F I GL , SCPT. I C, o lIL A V A I Lac IL 1 I Y - daiILNAL l ti tr1N 1 C AL I f.F O kA A T 10N dERVICE, U. S.

v f; r' A R T M L a T ur CU M 4E H Lt . t P k l . 4G F l t- L v , VA. ;/ 2 1 0 1TEvLnY v 90 C OO i 12000 0; I 7 u00 0 ;E a0 00 0Ii!Un u 13 4r< P CLJL at

(UNINYA

iTNaCl i H1 b uLLum IS THE SIXTH ANNUAL kEPORT TO 3C 1SSUCJ FG4 THE.wsus. nb n LF LC C I E D IN IHL "STAIUS Or NPRO hti PUR T S IN THE DATAu ALE " ANs 144 ffE "CUMULallvE NPRD NEPURIS SuoMITTCU UY YEAR"PGCuntbL HAd C LN T I N U b u DuRING 1900 IN REPUhTING GY UTILITY

! v m T i t l e' A '4 f s . T r iE DATA tm b C 15. T i CR;FUNE , NE ASJf4 AuLY MATUREI A..D CAN PNUVAJE NtANINbFLL ST AT I S T ICS. THlb NP4DS D OC UM EN T| I Nt. LU U i S T .4 0 IYPh5 OF AN r.U AL RLPUsIS: (1) ANNUAL REPORT OF

CUAUL A T I VL bYSIEM Ret 1AcILITY,- (2) ANNUAL RCPOT OF CU MUL A T ! VEC ur*.P L; .ti N I hCuiAcILITY. LL T H ANNUAL r< t FOR T C PhGV!UC CENERICa t L I Au l t l l Y IN r-J n M A I ! GN UN SYdibAS ANO CGMPOf.ENib FO4 THE2

LLMULAll%t P R IOD FNLM JLLY 197* TL ULCEMOtK 19cU. (taH)Y bJ r< s S < !- L 1 A o 1 L i 1 Y , S YS I bM ; HEL I nu IL i1 Y , LL APONEN T ; OPtN A T I NG Exet41ENCE;

C Ls I PMt NT ; Co r P LN cN T s iD A f A COLLECTIGN;INFORMATION hETRItVAL

b/b / Ob 00 OU R -00 0 00 /o// I .:.CESStuN NO. UOuG1csto.lLt itN YLAN W EV id # 190 9-19 / L ntPukT UN tGUIPMENT AV A IL Au lL 1 TYArAufN 4AIIUNAL LL C LT r< 1 C mtLIAbILITY COUNCIL

,

Th 1 26 iPC A<ts cG HPL, 1 %e o lulu A V,, l L A u I L I T Y - |JArIUNAL ELtCIRIC r< tiLI xd I L I TY , GENbHA1ING

AVAILAalLITY DATA dYSTtM . k ti bE A A c e t PARK, TERNUNE NOAD,PklNCLTGN, NJ OUb40

1Eua6Y U% O00;12OGOO;170000;2300001IION 013*UNTkY Aaf4 ALT I ni b 15 The IcN YcAk nEVICd FOR THC PCHIUD 19o9-1976 OF THE

NAi!UNAL CLECTnIL 9LL1 Aa (L1IY CLUNCIL (NEkC) GENT 4ATINGA%AILAulLITY dnT A 5YblEM (GAv5) ON THE PERFUWMAfwCh UF MAJGkIYPEa UF ELE CT h l C Pu ntiR LE NL n A T ING U 41 T5. T hE SOJhCt UF THESEVATA Aht THE E LE C T R I C UT ILI TIES CUh k E N TLY PAhilCIPATING IN T{b e,J 6 PhbukAM. LISTING OF f ilt SE UTILITIES lb PAGVIUED INn

APetNUIA E O t- TH l a w tPOR I . IHt ~ t MM T tD S T A 11 S T 1 CS ANDI f 4F UR A A T I UN *Ef E UtRIVtu FRUM UVIAGE AND SUWARY REPURIS UFIND1VIDUAL U. .! TG , AS Sun MI TTr U bY THc HEPORTING UTILITIES.TMit INPUI Dal A aAb LucJECTED TO VALIDATION CHECKS AND FURTHERm LV 1 ' .4 L LY THC REPOhllNG U TILI flEb PG I GH TU LE lub CN TERED INTOfit UniA bAbui HuwEvts, lHe PN I MA r< Y W E bPO N 51 c,l L I T Y FUN DATAACCURACY L IL L al Tri Int RtPURIING UTILITIE5. (E1H)

<*LwsS mLV it et ikELI An! LI f Y , bY ST CM i nE L I Ad l L1 i Y. C OMPLN Ci t T ; CO MPONE N TS ;ELUIPMENI;AVAlLAtLLIIY;UATA CCLLEC T IU;4;UPE kA1 ING EArtkIC4CE;ELLC T r< l t PG W ER ;GENEb A TON L ; T R ANSF UNMCR S ;ar< E AKCii ; Cl W CLI TLLubd kS /124 T L FR UP T EH b ; ED I LUM tLtCTRIC I NS T I TU IE

-

3 / u / 0 0 00 0 u 1 -0 0 0 0u 7 o/ / 1*:LSS 10N .4 0 . OGXOl6L9t5TLt V .C . LU M.%t R r,UCLEAR LTA T luN UNIT 1 EMEH0ENCY FttDeATER SYSTEM

,cL1At1L1TY LTUJY EV ALUA i 1 OldNb (S ) dhAULEY LHw u T -t SnNuIA N A I l b . .A L Laab., A L3UC uC 80 0t , NME 19c1't ca

'O NLh t b /C h -l o 7 0 + aANdoO .4o9 +. ou PPS, * FIBS. JUNE 1961!L AVAILAblilTY - 4AT! URAL TtCHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICL, d. L.

OLP AR T M Li.T LF CO M YE N CL , *PHINGFIELO, VA. 24101.

EGGnY 1Luuou;leUGOO;kauuGU1 1 O f, ClawP Cout AoA,JTR Y ATRACI LLUTH CAhLLINA GAS A;4U E LE C T r< l c H AS LATILFACTORILY CONPLIED

.v 1 I t ! THE htGUINEMENT TG FERFURM r. RCL1AoILITY 5TUDY UF THE1RA l- 4 6 . Init CoMPA41 BON OF TnE N t Pui< TLD hELIAblLITY CF SUMMth'S

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . _ _ _ - _ _ .__ ____________ __ _

-

f

CUNTI:4U AT ION 1 PAGE 60I -u v a t u / 6 / / 1-

n r .. :, I te i r w , t. .. Lf- UPt: k A T 1 :.G eLANIS El 1.14 S THAT SUMMER'SntLiAulLtTY 13 AT I rit e t ! Lr t Cc.D G r- inE RAaGL LF AFea.NELIAcILITYr u. Um nT 1 4L rat + C T u k b . rs t V L e< . Tt C at v i E vCR 15 4U T 1:4

n te L C 9 t a. T s 1 I r1 Inid AbSCLSML.1 otLAUbc uF THE I A ia(-5)attinc.iLLIY . 4 LL L A T i e t . F Lh TnC VALVt 1.4 THE blNLLt LINT FhuMi , ;r. wi.; L a b,, IC s I L.4 n ,L i AN t TC IML A F .45 d U M e> r1 E no t n . A MIGME7<;LUL aF 1 ^ 1 0 ( -4 ) Ad 4Ab UScv 144 .4UrsCL-Oc t I I5 htCoVw_NDED TO

n 40 _ VAtlJ CU1 PA 41 tLt 4. ( F A rf )Alt ii ' v :w.4 a m n 1 (e4 5) intLIAtitITY A:. AL'r$ 15; A UX IL 1 Ah Y ; r CCJ4 A ICH ;V ALV LS ;n t- A C r u n . m e,

;sObi-UGULJ/o// 13

> ..L. tLAc1cs s /. rtxFLNMANCh LF PRUaAb!LISTICm Lmuum S G Ul d - n vU l d._ To i nt_ e

1,4 n L ' . b b.w 's I S Fuh i.ULLCAk P L .. t n e 'L At J T S . s t V I h .s C H A t- T U.S.-

~

.. LL L Z A n e C w LA T C .i Y CCW L LS 1U ,U.L. . .J tut AR c4 du bL A T Gb Y CC M 41 S S I Lr.Ivel

u,tu/Cr mevL +. AwNuA. 7ta PPS, FIGS. RCFL. SEPT. 2o. 14el

v-tLattw1TY - i. A I ! d. . AL l t LM N IC#.L INFUhMATIUN ShkVICd. U. S.

g r r% n T * .L. il u t- Lu ... A d n uE . LP a l ?4GF i t LU . VA. 2dlol

.30t00vAJb

Iic x Jr_L11VL b r- |H1d HNA P4 uC e uu R E::, uUIDC 1L To A10 IN THEr' ._ h r: U n M A .CC mF PhubAaIL15 TIC HIbA AbSt SS ACNT 5 Fuk NUCLE AR P U .d E hP L n.. I L . IU INIS LNU 1T .1.LINCaTL ACCdPIAbLE ANALYTICALiAMNIuuLb; ,,C vC P f A U Li A:.,Lov e T I ONL A. e s ACJELING APeRUXiMATIGN5;

1. .w L u > l .sb Thu lesLn T Mt:4 T LF bin T IS T ICA L DATA; DdPt.4v dN TrhlLuiLS. A JJ ILJMAN CHRbh5; NdTHuJS FUH ihEATING UNCER I AIN T1 ES ;ACt ? I ,n.: t C L i A;.U AhJb FGR DUCUMENT A I 1 uid AND LUALITY Ab5UHRANCE.1 :., tunP T Cr L . o A PP E.4 v 1 LC '. . Nu.VEhUUL TAbLdd ANU t: l L U A f ' . AV.

Hae.Anub -N A L 1 ::> 1 b i r tA t A rs D . dELnT I Vd i dAF E T Y 6VALUATlUN;PAOCEDUHES.% A A 4 U A L S. ; ,-L v i v L :41 . P Ht,G A o I L 1 IY LF;SuLIO/PHILGdLPHICAL

t . . .,1 v ._ h A T 10 N ; LA F L T Y >W i i.L I P LC 5 AND PHILUSUPHY

,0 0 01 -0 0 0 (u 7 0 / / 1 t,

. ini. OouJl6.,ct anLLIAh1LITY ,. 4 U sids AN A LY S i s

i .rcusalCs NJJ. ,1 / . Ur .. A b h l .4L T U 4 . SC A TT LE1%1J+ #2 ppd. nLLe A Libhc0 aY ACALCM I C PRESS. JULY 1961 (ISBN

s

o-12-.d ou ._)-50LovUIeSAL

I r I t. GLs PkLVibCb AN IN I.<UOLL T ! LN Tu THt FUNDAMENTALS CF ANOn

%1c.CIP~L mL LU LT d F4UM. nELIAcIL11Y Aav Mlx bTUOldS F0kw.LLCan su vt n A,J PL I C n T i s N5 . IT IS utvluco IN1b THaCE PARTS;F ,.n T 1 'uMMAs1 E L Cut.CdPId UF kELLAblLITY E4 u l NCC A Ic46. PART IIaltLULLES 5LCICIAc RLSAS F6CM nUCLLAR PO4Ex. ANv P A r4 T IIICLVCdb LTecm Al3A A L L E d d .< t N T d . Mt THLJL J I SCUSLEU 14GLUJE s

r- A I Lu n t UAIA. FAULT thCh AND LVENT T rs tE ANALYSIS, PkUcAb!LITY'

C Lc4C d P T S Ar6b CGMPUIEW PR LL H A.4 5 FLN ANALYdIS.M.L I ti. T A.'on LY S i d ; t3tNL F i l vS wists;SA.CTY EV ALU AT luN ;HA ZARJS,o -,* L Y s I L ; A C L Iv E N I '1G uEL ;: L Cl J/ PHI LQ5UPH I C A L CONG 1 JtiR A T I ON : F A UL TT .< L L A.ALYbiL

,v C V 1 -U O u vv / 2// 1/i .sL . o ct.v i au r;,,

.ATu mr+J E T r. A ... tLtCialC STAllON UNIT J AVAILIA8Y rdbDwATdG-

OLi_4 nc_ IAulLIIY :.3 |JUY LVnLU A T I 074) ahAvet Y LH

a Ar 4 t. I n Nn i l G M L LA2L.. ataututsGJh. NMl a .1N,Len_ U / C s -i z l u + 5,, Nacl-two +. .a ,> P S . J FIGL. Scr31. 1961,vA1wAcIL1IY - 4 4 A T l b.. AL TECht41 CAL IN t:GR:<A T IUi. 56mvICL, U. S.*

v 9 % I4C..T UF CONMERCh. '.7 6 I :.bt- I C L v . VA. d 161c .:c L O L ; l e O L C v

- - _ - - _ - - - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - _ _ _ __ _____

060u001-00000/o// 17 CJf 4TINU AT ION 1 PAGE 81

Gr. ole;LLOC ALA14Y k

ed A C T ^ t.::r- 7 3 b T r k. RubutTb vF 3dC r< t- V I .i d LF ThC AUXILIARY FELG aA TE R>Y: Tc MLIAtILIIY A rs AL Y ',,1 5 run 11 tC aAILRFOMU STt AM ELECTmiC'

.

b i A l l o '. U. a l l J. 4 A l tisF G a v ' d nLLIAt!LITY lb AT Tet: n!bH END OFt. c iMt n A. .o E r; La U P ; n A TI .,u ,A A. 4 T L FGn T4U CF T hF. TMkdEi k A..b l C;,8 s h . .J I T I LN b INVoLvlNG LLbb UF %IN FEdu # A TEN , ANU INT r ic wt O IUri a ,-N ot FGu THc LIHca THANSIENT CUNUIIIGN. ThiSEA > 5 c S 51-It N 15 *E ~L n e a t t it u 1 hR JU Lt1 Cu wAniSON OF THEm

s._ L I A L s L I T f tr W A I L NFLh J 'S c. w C h.L c t . CY rCEuwATEr* SYSTL:1 TO THOSEb r- CL.%L U' T I L 4 Cu G I 4 t. t k I N u JCeluNds UPtHATING PLAN 16

Y ,.u s u ':, t a l t 4 F U r< D IP as ) ;t-Ctun A TE R ;,*EL I Au lui 1 Y , SYS TEM ;h d AC TLR , P .w h ;-

c L l a u A L L l 'r A J et Y '.: 15

e/d/ O Ov0 6 01-OO d uv fo/ / 1aCCsbluN .U. 004L1o,edifLE U LCu r'.. T I L N AL LAFLTY vAlA ANU CAbusLTY RAIES Fox I NL UAANIUM

F UC L LYLLdlift ik I b ) t it .'r HC i L * D ui . Ni k FhR F.* U I r1 t . An N I U t,r- ;. A i I L.i-L LAL., TNTL 1%IP t- .

NU b r, . 4 L .s 7 ' 7 +. c0 PFL, UC T. 19c!nlL a ve ! La >l LI T Y - NAIIUNAL f~c CHN I C AL I NF s.,R M A T I ON StdVICt, U. be

v cF An I M Li. I bF cuNi4CnLL, baw1NbF1tLO, /A. 22lo1IEuunY J.GuvviOI0000; 1a00001810 . vlacRP Cobc F cCUr# I n Y A

LT EC I I r115 nci vw1 15 1/4 i d!4 0E U IG P.< u v I D E AISK A S SE bS Orsb AND POLICYends 411H M LF -Coin 16 T AN I , CLMPAhAU LE OCCUP A flu 4A CA5UALTY1. .t- d w a A I I G N t.9 I hL i LC nN 6 4.U6 IE S IHAT MAAE UP 1 r1E UNANIUM r:UELC YLLt . IT C o.1 A 1 % btVEbAL LHAPikRS CACH COVCRING A SPECIFICICCHNvLLbY t- L d PREPAsING, PfsGCE bb I Nu ANO/OR USING U R Al4 I UM .l . .c L Uu ; v Ahh U n A N ! U'i CXTAACTION (LPC7 P1I ANs UNuEAGAGUNO),ann:41UM 41 LL I.4 G , UH e.41 UM CuNVEHblUf*, Ur< AN I UM ENdICHMtNI,untTow FUtL F At3 8 1 C A fl O N , GE4.t n A I 100 OF ELECTN1 CAL PGdER.4

! '#. VC h A L s L a L I oh I Y r> t b ) . T RA:J S M 1 b b 10 :1 LINE5 A.4 v IHC '4E CE SS A R YT A ANSeL m T A1 I tra C L t..tE.'i T S . LACf8 CHAPTLH t1 A b ITS NELAISD TABLESA;40 stFLisCNCtd. SUiU A R Y TAcLCd AKL INCLUDEO.

'Y u u -s in, ,+LTY EvnLUATION;HacAda b Af 4 AL Y S ! S ; 1.4 JUS Th Y , NULLEAR; FUEL CYCLE;

v ., l A LGLtd C I larJ; f u Ae JbPGN I A f li'N ANU HANDLING; MILLING; MINING;L .s 1 C # it.i t. 4 T FnCILITY;LRE CONVCWS I uu ; ELECT R I C Fuse 4;PUWERi 'sAi. S M I S b I Lt2

n/ U/ G U LO 0 01 -C G 0v0 70/ / I9Lt_bblU a . -d G . v0JJ10tJsbI L' L AP A..U !i.L NUCL L A n ta=L WGY : OP T ICi, LN NECLSbl T Y ?1 r,. j h ( S } :,hA P i n L 13TL 1%1

{c LrPL, P A U F E L;, lLN eu LAt t TY , PP. .3 b ->> (SEPT. 1961)2L b

F Lvl n Y .cOv00 lIi107 GIda I

fo lk Y A|

blasCT A u t bCubblot4 UF Thd e 4 UE. LC M S ASSOCIATED alTH SELECTIUN OF THE l

wEThCv GF Ltt ,: R A T ! N o ELE LTh l CAL ENERbY. T HE BASIC ENERbYSLunCES THAT C AN bE USEU A ,* E D I S C U b'.,C u AND THE IMPACTS UF THCUVCnALL Lt.t n o ( l LCHNL LOG Y AH L LCM P Aisd D . INChEaSdu Ubd UF bOTHCvAL A|. v c4VC Ld A A IS H Urt.Shu. TaE DO -rON T U P t G s. T I LN OF TMEbAVANNAh n!VH AcACTUAb riau a l beub AL AnCAb 15 DidCU5bEU IN ANC VE n V I E m F A b r . i tW .

7..L s u b L LCl U/,eh ! LLt LPHI C AL CL.45 IDETs A T 1 UN ; L At- t TY PnINCIPLES ai4UPt il L Q bw-NY ;t M PA k IS L N i bC NCF I i V6 h154;bAFETY PRINCIPLEb ANC,J r11 L O LLe t iY ; C T f* L Y Pt L IC Y ;a -Pt,a CR , LArETY OF

,

|

|,

>/0/UOG0001-OCv0070// JO |'LS E 10 N NG. G ua G 1 cw 4_ + c |

fLc Ai#'S t vc - d .Y ! .'.6 T r1h t.uCLL An aG ,

[ran(b) t. A U C n M;hAhvdsI nA;VCULION LL '

c. I4to ii JD _ If D PPL, L O O p. r-Ut:LIShtO uY MC04 A A -H ILL DOON CO., NY, 19c0 (ISNN

G000001-G0000/0// 20 CLN T INU AT ION 1 PAGE 62

u -0 7 u t) !?c7-r).C h Y U I' G OO ; 1/v b O L; lo LUG O ;.* aO CO GJ

& L i4 0100I4Y A;< A C I i n_ I N U t. I b b LE 1 ;. Tatt 4U LL L AH UCoAIC 15 7401 4METMtR ISLLaTED

t, i o .. l C hACTmS 5UCH Ab THE s l '3 Ad LL s U:v l T f.C AM M A,< A I So u w G CANcE ..A L vAPC, c,U T NAihCR TnC bGn1 UF LIVLS PtuPLc w lLL biFL.<C2D tb LE W A H I L t. T HE Y FAY IU 5tCURE THEM. Ab THE VOLUMC,r w r. L u t. .c Y , Aio LLCAIILNb UF d Av1LALT I VC INANSnCT!UNb INCNEASEG L t. , A L L 't . P C I P Lt amC t1C u 1.4N I . .u Tu AbK Nda IHiY Akt GUING TO-auTSLI Itt!* L i V t ;.i. , tir3hRTI 5..AND HaPPINES5 IN A 4LRLD F nC it4 G

r h t,L !r L R A T 10 '4 ANs CLNTINUAL A I SH ANDL IN G CF. tJC L c A s aL Avt .4 b e

b Au l a,.C I 1 et (AIEh1ALL. ub I r2h h a d n Y ;., IN THIb VGLUMEstuccoInnIC, 4LxL IL AT L T A & r- l i, 1 tit :4UCLEAn CGsiT k LVER S Y THANLEL Us 140 A n AN ot- O L Le hEACTunS.

Ym Wvt . -+- L a d s tM C LA S T ; 2 4-r- U g En , ;2 AF E I Y UF;IWDUbTwY, ;4UCLE A% ; oPH>NE N T ;m L A W ; S u t l u / e-H iL U !,d e n l C A L CuNS ILt k ATI UN; a E APUN , to VC LC AR ;P E LL I t- E h A T I L a l CU.4 bd n VA i l UN

b/O/0000001-00G00io// 41Ct2bbidN NU. v b J u l v / w .,

TLt Iw l NL TAnLela Ab T hYHLI J MnvTt CT I U.w A t; T E R A 4CACTU4 ACCldENT:, l L4 c tt.te 1 T -C GN b I J L sa i ! ON (IN Uc R MAN )

' i nO i< ( b ) vCLF %s PAUfa6 s E8 N F C n 5 s.t tvi, L:> e C N ( H U M r4 A ri_ S n U Ht . F .a . GtdMaNY

ll' IwL1e t_ o,.O o Nb, 7 F I G :,, A T uhrscm:46. .t_ A b i t / 4 c H N T t CHN I A , 27(1), PP. 60-56

1Ivel).GUaoC G s a '1 A NItbUnY 4Lubub;G200Vv;4JOCGv1i1UN 011.7ot4 T R v uAba a istLIAALI IT IS A CCC/.N rJ uE s TMAI A hlLA L TUuY bHCULO 6t PCkFUHMCD IN

urLa TL CH a nA C T 7. < ! zt TMd NOLE OF THd INUIVIJUAL CL @ONEr.TS CFI Ft dAvinfluw cU h uC:. TU THL TitYh u !D. 6Y AUadINISTRAT10N LFblAdLt it 'D I NL fu A.4 CNDM.LcRtO PLPULA T ION Tnt NISK CUE TO~AululuulNC W tt s dt "EDLCLU UP TU A L3 O U T GNE MUhu6CUTM tsu T AL IDE t- F F L C T tF Tn!5 MEASURb CuvLO Lt AN I NCR t A SCO INC 1 L,c t.C C OFM YHS R I H Y e G I O A S i-i. Tt i 15 Av0ITLONAL KiLK COULD, AND LMUULD, UC._LIMINnTlu DY THL GcNCRAL INTAGGUCTION OF I G D 1 '4A r d s SALT.L.s T I L i htN , f H ti c_ 1b GUUs JU$T IF IC A T I ON FON Ct k %4 tMERGtNCYtcVLL UF THYhu!D LuSL Fun OlbTRICUI1UN UF I U U l >4 L TAbtttS TC bEthshi TL T t .N T lat E S HACHta T H Ai4 THA1 IN OTHEN ST ATES. (CWH)h ab, st i L v I 4L i T tiY R O 10 ; d A O L A T L Oi, SAFtTY A r.U CLNTROL ; cENet; 1 C l AL USd;JLNCF I T vb W I S r.,

/ v/ v b OJ G v I -0 0 0 00 / o// dC

{L_CS L 1 G;. ..u. u b C G 1 :.,7 w t o

U t;Lu t : A rWObh AA F u r< D A Ybb ! Ai. CSTIMAllGN LF FLLou PH GD Ats I L I T IE SPhuWIS) u C:4T I L L C:. CCWAUTH %LG IvAMC li., I J A rtG F ALL Sc iso!-c n40 4bREG/CA-LLov + d uu-L A -b 24 * +. 122 PPG, 7 TA6S, L9 FIG 5, SEPT.

19c1pIL ASAILAoILITY - NA1IGNAL TECMa! CAL INFORMATIGN SEGVICE, U. S.

,dPAHTMENT Ur CC ME h CL , LP R I . .G F i d L U , VA. 22161LbChY ._,;,0 0 0 0 ;O._C GG G

TILM v122P ( Ust: vu.

;4T % Y A.TnACT T s e- ANNUAL b,X 1 A u t . vILCHANGE IS 4GvCLZJ bY A L O t3 GAMMA

,lLTalLUilON, WIin Tric CAPAdlLITY CF INCUR PG A A T lh AT h ANSFUhv A T lla PANsMt Tch TO ALCUUNT Fuk A ne '.,U C T I G N IN MAAIvuuM.1UAL F Lt. w LAUStd bY DAN 5 Un UTatN M c A bd R E;3 TO ddbULATE STNEAMF LL ov , rWt it it mvDEL, V AL UC 5 OF ThC THwdE P AR a 4C T L9S AT TMt

I L LC A T I O N DtTtNMic.C T e th " cx C E t DANC C " AT ANY SsCC15;lts UlSCHARELtVCL (l.C., Tnd PAUcAMILITr THAT THd ANd U AL MAAIMUM ,ISCMARGEvlLL C&CctG IHE i P d C I F I E ~., ulLCHA<bC). MYUWCLOblSTb' JUJGMENTON buvNUL Fun TAC CoANCC AT T40 C1SCHAh6E LC%CLS IS ThE oALICl '.F G 9 M A T I L N cd LD Tu rORM A PkIbs DidiR100TILN. THE PWIchLISi8IsuTIUN IS CUMaINkb .v i T H UudenvEJ UATA. TttEN Pu b TE s 1 GR

O G 00 0 01 -0 0 u 00 76// J GU?4TI:4UATION 1 PAGE 63

s t S i a l b u ! ! Ois S FJA dACLdD*.NCC PHOL AulL I Tits AT SCLECTCD015C i Ah M Ld vc LS A4L CALCULATdu.

oh 4 c L.* U T r e. Phu t ,s AM ;PH Lc AE 1 LI I Y ;FLL-v ; FLU 4 ;D I STiil d u T L ON iU AM;.> l a C H A n tC ; f n , 4 S I c. T & s tJ L A ' N A L-ts G ; N M C- A rt,

/ ss/ u u b3 uo l -O O u ov 70 / / 43.LLSIGN I au . v L / v I t, / cc 7

IL wC A .. A s s L G n A : 4 f '., fu vLVLLGP METHGUS FOR ANALYZING P.'iU L A u l L I T Y# NULLCAx a CC lJ CN T L

,nPAUin U.. 4ULLcAR H LO UL A T ors Y LUMMIS51Liasit ivol7PF

au .mC i4t a d ht LLA LC s i c.S +. I Po, FUW attA dud l i4G JUNd E, 1961RAIL A V A I L ,.o l m i TY - .shC, LFFILC Ur PUcLIC AFFAlks, =ALHINGTUN. 0.C.

LLba1IeCL w Y G dbdU1110. L t .:.i

.4P LUvu .LLu u.s i n Y a

SinACT l i t_ GHANIC, .M IC M AhC FUh $ 2 3 c. , 0 G O IG THd if 4ST i f UTC OFELnCIAICAL A * .J CLtCTxCNIL., :.ulNLddS (ILLE). ANJ tca.OCO TOl ht A :s t n 6 C ,.N 4 UC LL A ,< SGCIETY (Md), uALL FOR T Hr_ dGCl: TIES 104. h futtTnch al T.I L 7v i v 10 Ur4 Lb .. H u mAVd CAPEnTISE IN THIS FIELDfu J, art A er,0 C i v u a L d GUIvC IMAT A PLANT UANLR COULv FULLOA FORenco Au 1 LI Li l G A;.ALYLlu UF ALCIUdNI ECvUCNCcS. 5YLILM FAILUhdS.h e,v l L A C I I V I I 'r 8CcCALCS A.O ACCivCNT CUNSdGud:.CEE. InZ FINALrhLUUCI vF T tti PhLJECT 4 ILL aC Taft PAUCEDUdb GUIDd, aHICH 1Sc wt C ICD TL cd r*U'.al l aHE D F UL LO .. I N G THE W46 CONFbRCNCd IN 1962.

Y4LWJS no NCY, '.'Q L ; A vu ,.o I L I T Y 3 ,4C C I UE N T . PHLoAalL1TY CF ; PU .vtR PLANT,mVLLEAk;PhCCLOUNtS A.4D M Ar4U Ata ; ou I Lc

a/G/ULGOOut-00LCG7L// 4L t- S S t u 4 NL. 006,10707/ILL tuGU I sh .LCLtAk LTAIIUN UN1T 1 AUX ILI AWY FEEJwATLx SYSIEM

mLLIAulLITY iTUvY tVALVAlluNTm;%(L) onAULtY LH,PAufH L A;4 L I A N A l l G NA L L AC E . , A LI., U L d C es Gu d . WM

rh 19o1st; Mm ukco/th-Lu9o + S At4 G al-O t7 u +. bv PPS, 2 FIGS, 7 ndFS, JULY

l s,c 1

AIL AVA1L,t1L1TY - NAIIONAL 1 CCH.41C AL INF ohm A T I ON SERVICE, U. S.s r.P A d I M c .T Ui CD.n AE R LE , " P k 1 hGF I E LJ , VA. 22161

itGvhY V10000;E30000Ii1L.4 v131<r C s ,o r. r; u A

JNIhY A.faAuf A LC.WAslLGN OF THE :iEPO fsT E s NELI A51L I TY GF MC G u l i. L ' S AUXILIAkY

F .t v 9,51 h t< bYLTtM ( A r; .J S ) IG InCbd LF OPCAATINb PL A.4 TL SHCwS TitA TH wU l k m 'S kt LI Ao lLI TY 15 I!4 THd LOW id MEsluw RANcd GF THd A F ,v bntLIAv1LITY Fu i, CPtiW A T I N u FLANTS. IF Ihd F L O ,d w tiu U l N h M EN T S-eChC m E LU LC u UH IF G r> C A A l a n AC T lu:. COULO 6t TAALN TU INCREASEinC mdANilTY ~.i F AVA IL I A RY FCCD4AlcA, MCLu f fiE ' S RELIAnlLITYNCuts at IN THE 'baIUM TU hlLN W A rice . TML WEALON FOR THE LO*.

is _L I As I L I I Y 1.2 THt t- AC T IHAT THE AF .v a AT MCGuldb ISMtC H A.41 L A LL Y T HR O T T L dC TO PhLVibd PRuTCCTluN FRLM A 3RLAA INI Mt_ M A 1. . F E C L.v A T t R L 1..C TG GR RUPIUhd CF A STEAM GENdHATCR.

'auRUS F tt D J A T dw i h b L L Ad IL I T Y . SYSTCA;MCGUIRC 1 (Pww);RtACTUR, PwR;A CC 10 C.. T , LOLS JF Flan;UFF SITC;ACCIOCNT, LUSS OF >>O Cm;CLCCIA1L HG A LN iS l'i A.4 OE,4 Ch A T Lk

/ v/ G G GJ uo l-GG G Cu l u// dbt 'ab 10:4 NL. QUAvIo74GvL_ .: V I R J.C E GF tIuNIrICANT r- 1 A S 1N An ele ydie T AR Y w A.wdM NUMMEP

LE JC Wn i Las ( l.. Ud n N A . . )HL 4 ( b ) - h A 4sk V ; cL W t.a ALu l HP- U T t I ww N F G ii S CnL N L5 ._d N T a u e AAnLS4UHt. F . ~i . GdRMANYE I9n1u :4u AFN-3107 + Gr .s kS n - 71 U +. VP, VArCH 1961noAGC U E n :.; A NIL AVAILAalclIY - SUanN GI S ILVC: T Wd , LUCUMCNT MANAGdMENT uAANCH,

DIVIS10N OF lECHNICAL INFUkMATIUN L DOCUMENT CONTMUL, U.S.:.LCL C# x % d GU LA IO R Y CUNM I SS I ON, M A bitI N b i U N , D.C.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/0000001-00v00/o// eb Cht4 T I nun T I Or4 1 PAGd 64

,0 4 Y i.;0Cv0

t uts 01L1CULC Abh

.IhY (,

tanti ,N ELEMLNiAhY e ed L us u 4ANLOM . .U Mc C r< Gr Ntd A Ton F o r< 1bOIWGPICALLYDILTwlLuldL V41T VtLIUhb 1.'J a-U1MCNb!CNAL bPACE f f Ab aCEN TESTEDF Lrs .51 A 6. I ni S u C N L ,< A T L N Ubtb Titt 1 , M -::>U P PL 1 C o wouTINd WANDUA T ,s A TM obPAr<tNI es._ JL C T I U N TL CHN I Guc . THC TCSTS 5HJa CLEA4LYI e in 1 f.Ui. it AN LO N.d SS IN I t .t- PSCUDU itA;. J U M NUMetRd cdNCRATCD BYTrt P h l .4A N Y lo M (E4ChATO,- LtAvS IU CIAL IN TnE L H a t,s LF 1PLnCdt4 T IN C: TIMaICd L:a T AI NE D FwOM THC SC COND A R Y 4ANJOii NUMBERvl N c , A I I,n . t O n T r< A N L i b i IN05 LF * VAnlaNTS CF T f td RANOGM NUMbdR

blusLt TESI PROGRAM AN U UUTPUT L I S TI NGSuhLRATUw CALLCO oY ni

! t. n t I NCLUut D F un v!t.CCI nt F E n ti .CL" Y ustLL ainIILi(CAL na nL Y b l b id h k lis Al.AL Y L I b;Ud C I 6 I UN ANALYSI5;

r%L o A o I L 1 T Y ;;-O vC L . 1; I LCh at T I L ; GC h M Al.Y ; FOR E luN CACHANbC

b/ b / 0 0 00 0 01 -v0 L VO /es/ / kb(.LdSIGN 40 . C L^ u l es 7 3* Otlc h l: A oF I T4 A.cPCR I I No SPtuT NUCLCAN FULL uY TnUCA;1mOWlb) CL,d4 H A ; A Nu n d ..b AuiaHOALb It C-nv4UIn nAtidLLC M AC ir- IL .d k l H w E S T L A c, L . , RisHLAND. aAIc 19/6Pr ..

JU s NL - S A- # .b ic + LJ .F - / v 0 L o c- . * +. 10 WS . 2 1Abb. 3 FIbb. 10s t- 5 . 4AY 19 tc

AIL A%A1 lac 1L1TY - NAi1L.4AL T E C H. 41 C at INF Of<M A T I ON LEH / icd . U. E.v LP A r< I M L :. T U r- LC M d es Cti , un 1,' G F [ E L ; . VA. 221o1

TELO%Y vav00J;c209001 IIL N 0:a1kP CisL L M i .hU.4 I N Y AbikALI IrL nibK MCTrdLULGbY Ubtv 10 CJALUAlt THE RibA IN LHIPPING

LPENI t;UdL 4,b INITIALLY APPLIEO TO THE SHIPMENT UF PL U T LN I U MOY TnUCK. T it' M L T HUDOLO GY 1..L L UR C S : (1) A DCSCe<lPTICN CF THESPrNT FUCL T n A Nd PUN T SYb1CM. (c) I st N TIF I C AT ILN Ur PUTENTIAL

-

ati._Aut sd LU CILC b . (v) dVALU AT ION uF THE PNUbASILITILS ANDCLNbCLULNCLb UF THE KCL E nd t d . ANs (+) CALCULATION ANDa dLt abME N I OF THE r<!LK.

Y u% U S otm r i I Vb kIbs;bPENT FUtL;#ASTE T R ANSPCR T A T ION ;r< AD I U ACI I V 1 T YhLLc.at.~iiRAN uuRTAT1vN A r.D HANOLINb

n/0/0000001-00CCU7o// 27LCbb;ON ; 10 . U L x a 1 c. ' S a l/

#ILJ A e- r L I C A I ! U N tt dP, C t ANU AVIATAON T E C HNCL OG Y 10 l '4 P R C V E THEa,FtTY A: .L h tL I A b il l T Y G t- NUCLLAh PU w t h PL AN T GPERATluNS

, P..u l n l '.I E W N A T 10:4 A L ..N Lft u Y Abb LC l a IC b L10.. a A dH INGTUN . U.C.It A ve, C4 .6

.'.> Lt_ / I I C -1 1 1 4 a+. 271 ppt. FICE. APult 19o04U-IL AvAILaulLITY - NafIONAL IE CHN 1 CAL INFURMATION bda v 1 CC . U.S.

tPT. or- CLMd WCt . LewlNuFILLJ. VA. 2d1o1ICounY ZauOooiTION o 1;,1

J:STkY Asl<ACT I H1 b R C ru rs T Ic4 VC S l ! G A TE S VARIOUS T EC HN CL L61 E b THAT HAVE hEMN

OCNtLUPLO ANc UTILIZ_u JY THt ACHULPACE COMMUNIiY, P ara l I CUL A nL YNASA Tis A l a u t t_ U APwEAR TU HANb PCTENTIAL i:CR CUNT 71buTING TO' - r- t T Y A N ;., hsLIAb! Lily lia THE UNITCU STATES. IT NAS oC TLR M I NE DIr-1 iMCnc A . .d li.Ld t J AtrObPACC T t Chi.GLUu I t 5 THAT art LdF4A1NETu TMC 1 +Ps C 4 se NT uF S A t'E l Y ANU H EL I Ae I L ! T Y O r: N UCLC Ars PLANTvrCbATluNS. LLMC T E Ci sN utv G I C S a n ti I M MED i a TE LY T s 4 N Le- C R AGL EinILE dUut w AL L ntOulnt AD AP i l dig. ittdSE ARC LibTCv ANDA set t C A T 10:4b a t S C W 1 e t.; .

' NUh ud htL1au1L1iY A 4 Au Y $ 1 b i b A F C I Y esUCHAM;INInINblL baFCTY;HAZAHObc

A NA L Y b I i ; H U f *. A. 4 F A C T u r< S

/b / o b 00 0 01 -GG v Lv t b/ / 2O~

t. S b I L N NU. ObAulO/L./un it !SA ANALYbib ME l MO b '.> '.;C V E LU MM t N I - l#ELFTH UUAWTLHLY

hCHURT-JANUAnY-HARCIi 19eLPAUTH LtNthAs L Lc (,. I:s IC CO., S U . .N Y V A L td . CAC 19c0E N

00000u1-000607L// 20 CONTINUATION 1 PACE 65

u tt n -14 0 3- 1._ +. u7 PFS, Tavs, ells, AcFL, APHIL 1960. A VA IL Ao IL I T Y - L ictI T A TI Li.6 L:. Ul a l nicu lluN ; QEND w t- L UE S TS TU

utE In t t w. I L A L I FesasT!uN CL J Tck. P.v. GUA 6d, VAA 91vGE.I L; M . 37c a b

.uChv c40G00i1 07. 0131P LUUt LLC

>N TR Y ASTRACT I t fl S -CPunt vC SC x i n t b lht xNALYbl5 UJ Nti TU O CV Clued i-iC T nO OO LO GY

A * .D JAli. NECEbbARY t- G A A ChbbluL_ UNtcOCR RtACTLm k I '2 6A'LESLME.;. I nti Rlbs AL LCL A T 10N '4bihuD, Ab USCU IN T ri l S NEPORTANv ,* :, APPLILO Tv LLn LAFETY, Ib A SY 5Tb 4a il C P x C L d Q U r4 5 FORE L T An t i art i ..u A b uF r.i l Y nCLaTEJ SYbTLw AtLI Ac lLI TY GUAL AT;I:e 14U 4 C 0 61.

;f n.sk b b .Q tF1I /S kidA;tLONuxlC S T usY ;50C IO/ HNIL OSOPh l LALCL4 IvthaTIUw;bAr-CTv ti v A LU,sT I UN ; d A r- b T Y ANALYdib ntPGmT.Mt T dk ULL LY ; r A &A x0, nCLA T l Vh ;ilA4 ands ANALYbib

c /u/ 0 0 Od UU 1 -00 O 00 76// 2 '-*C L a b I U '. .su . U LA C 1 e / 325ILE - IL A AN LYLIL %d ' t h.,v b utVELOPMElT uUAAICdLY ri t P G k T APR IL -J UN E

I9ov's e%U I N vt.4CHAL ELECIHIC ub.. b u. .N Y V ALc , CATE 1%0P- Nt'IC u t+ n - l * 0 2 4 -l a +. 175 PP b, rabb, F I C ., . JULY 19c0Alu A<AILAbIt1IY - L I N I r A T 10 t.5 U'4 UI L Inib uTICN ; SEND REGUELIS TO

U t.m IcCHNICA INFG w AllLtd CE. J I tR , P.O. oOA 62. UAA nlLGE.f t. N . S/bLG

' TE GJ4 Y J100001 I 1 U r. u 151dP CUDC vECUNfnY AhInACI T i115 NtPLkI cdLCd1)Cb ANnLYL15 ULNE TO DEVCLGP i4ETHUJOLOGY AND

Uni A NLCesbahY Ft n A CRhulbLL ukLLLtW RE A C tux kibK ASSESSMENT.h!bs ALLLCA T lu.4 MtTMLD, Ab U5LD I ?. It11 b HEPUNT A. U Ab APPLitDTO L7H S A t: t T Y , I$ a LYSTt4ATIC PHuCLUUkh FGR ESTauLIbh!NGL At- E r Y RcLATt0 SYSTtM WELI At iL I TY LGALs AT M ir IauM CubT. THISMLar-L C L 4 S i vr.R L ThE LUk h ta f LP T ION AL UtblGNS AND SdLCCTL THEUcbiGN L P T l u te.2 THAT dATI'FY s164 CCi4b TRA I N TS AI t41.41 MU M COSTS.

,YchkDs a t..bF 1 T h wlbsitLONLMIC b i UU Y ; SU C IU/ r>HI L U SO PH I C A LLa L1at9AT10.<;bAFhIY E V A LU A T I L N ; t t A t. AN D , H ELA T I Vt ; H A 2_ AR LbANALYhlS;baFtTY Ai4 AL Yd i b NEPGRT, 1-it T LURULO GY ; l N T N I NS I C LAFETY

u/L / 0 0 00 0 01 -C 0 0 00 / o// 30~. h S a l bi . iwb . Q UAO lu ? SW

+.L T.-iL L %L LL Y aND A >'R C L IM I N AR Y UnlA t,ASE Fba C A Ai4 I NG IttbLt a

hhALTh HiSNS OF mLILlHIClIY uCNEsnIidN FRUM U4aNIUM ANv COALt" (Ai L L

CHUR ( t ) C L-6 AL L 1L 41 AAwA U T ri :.> C I E P.CE APPL IC A T I LN L INC .It ;Sc0s t- %r Nur ub / C k-l b3 9 + U A ceL / SUr-3 - /c i t + 5 A l u m-d O -14 C -C l +. DOS PDS,v

-UL. 1 *s t- Ult AVAluAtiLITY - 14 A T I U : . A L IE CH 41 LAL I:4FGRM A T IUN $Eh V ICE , U. S.

O L H A H I M h 's T U r- COMMERLE, LPmINGFiCLU, VA. 221o1EubHV 2 40 000 ; 190 G 0 0T I U;. 0141kW CLuc r- LCsN I h Y Aslipli A.. ANALYIICat xOLEL .. A b vhvCLCPbv TO ASLESS ANv E X Aca l NE THE

tu AL irt EP FtC id A5bOulATCv 41TH Inb enODUCTION OF tLECT;1ClTYFhuM UW AleluM Ato CUAL FULLd. It t MCDCL Id NASED UN AS YS T E.% T I C '4 L T P A 3 v GL Uu Y liiA T 15 6Ulh S i dPL E AND EALY TO CHECK,,. Nu Oh0VIOCb JETAILL a L G UT ThL VARICUS COMPUNENTS GF HEsLThalLA. A.. ITLRATIVE APPRUACh INVvLVI 46 CNLY A Fha LTEPL lbn CC # v t-N L b v Fu n V-LILATING The A.O UE L. AFTER L ACtt VALIDATICNb it P , I rit MULC L Ib IMPh0Vt0 IN I rst AkdA5 W He n t cet 4 Ii4Fukv A T l UNvR l ' 4Lb h a bt v INILELT JULTIFIES SUCn UK2RADINb. SEN51IlVITYANALYSIb lb r-S OP ULE u AS l t1t dCST MLTh0D OF USING The MODEL TOITL r- UL L POT C4 i ! A L. DC T AILED GuaNT IF ICAT IGN UF ThC NISNSArbtCI A TCU eilTn leiE Two FUCL CYCLLL lb NOT PsESENTES l *4 T h l .aNEPORT. A PudLIM1NadY i,L T G r- vata THaT 1S NCEJCJ TO CALCULATE

___ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

0000001-000G076// Su CU.4 TI'40 A T l uN 1 PAGE e6

Tet ML A L itt n l :, A b aAL u A ltdi s C O , .4C h tr. A L l 4 E D TO THE :a L J ._t*'CILIIl S, ,a u shC bti 4 T E D 14 a Lu:4clbt VANNhr<.

Ji A F UC L CYLL ;Pt.atW r- L - N i , tUbbIL i- U tt ; a nFt i Y CVALUA11DN;3AFETYd V!C..;t #EiY Are ALY b 1 S ;t e AZ Anu , McLAI1Vt;HAZAnDS At4ALYSlb

u / 0 6 LO 6 01 -G G L LU /t>/ / 3It :2 5 I U ' . 'U. J Om G L L / ac.1*

.

( L. s I A .c. L L LANvo. butLcAR PU -C h bTATILn UNIT I AUAILIARY FELDwATER5 YS TC M hc LI A.,l La TY SIUJY dVALUATju:J

l t >J .s ( : ) an A Um Y OH;hPAu f t t LAr.v!A . . A l l U . .A L LaCL., a Lo uu LERuut , NMLTL 1%1'Pt ei

|.0 NULLu/(H-19 L + L A Nu c l -O L'6 L +. bs PPS, 4 TAab, d Fibs, JULY1961

A IL nValLA6ILITY - N ,. ; I u r. AL I c Chc. 4 C AL INFGhMA T lute SckvICE, U. S.s tv A n I M t- N T OF LL .< ME h Cri , trahl'.bt-lELD , VA. 22161

iTCLunY 2 a0 6 0 0 i l o O u G L ; 1 2. 0 0 0 0

.IIIda L la lbRe CUut ALAuni 4Y ,.

LinALT r AC i t- I C ,AL N40 LLt'CidlC Asd,UAIELY s l LCU S LE d' The N A J O r<C L 4 T .< ! a u f u n ,, TU JN5ttinaILITY P- L K fric THREE CALEb (1) LMFm.Lost vF *A15 FttvoATck, (J) 'a r u / L LLP , LuSS L t- MAINF LE J , s i t. n / L L ;.b u t- LFFbill PLaCn. AND (J) LMFa/LAL. Lubb OF MAINFcEs.vAILH/LUL5 de ALL AC r>LaCA. lHE MaJuk C LN T '< 1 a V T uR IN C A bEI aNo e IS T r ti F A I L U rs C Un I N tU A!k C T sLSIr!Or.ING GF THt( Lt.u E N L A1 E bTunALC I A;4A LUlLLT h.L st CLMd1Ntu a1TN NO UPCAATORAtl i ut4 IL Is IP 1Mt AJAILlARY FLEU a AlEd PUMPb. 1i 15 CONCLUDEDr th C a e: L:2 1 ,, 1 0 4 Ihc HCL 1suILIIY dHUULD Lt IN THE MELIUMw muc.

Y .40s D5 r- tCo w A I E A ;V A L/ Cb ;mFF SI T L; Le2CR A T C,4 sw i lu'4 ; ACCI LCtJ T , LLbb LFr C a t r< , R E L I A L 16 I T Y AN-LYSIS;GtLIAulLITY, SYST.~M

c /0 / G u uO 0 01 -0 0 0 00 76 / / J2et . :> b l u "4 NU. JOLQ107ctoIL 4LuAI1vt CL N !.d Lu t NLC L UF In ANbLtw I ING HAZAnDLUS h l E41 ALST t to w ( S ) pVLLaGUU WRinHYNb an;5IMFONS JAnPAUIH SMI A h A r t u..A L L c.o b . , ALcuuuEHuut. ;4 M ; SCIENCE APPLICATIONS

1 . .t . , O A r; h I LG t , T!vIE Ivet-t L40 Lw4bcG-o'-01C + CLNF c,011lb-2/ +. O PPS. FkLv (2 T H IN TE kN A T IGNA L

',YMeoGIU4 UN PACKAb!NG t, TkANSrCH1ATIUN OF RAb10 ACTIVE.. A T E m l a L L , NtV. 19eu

AIt AVAILav!LITY - N A T I L N AL ICCHNICAL INFOnMAT10N SCavICC, U, S.sEF A m T M L?.T U r- CJMMtnCC, Li'R l uG F i t LD , VA. 2Clol

TL vLwY Oc.6000;L.2OOOul 'i I U t i oILv& CLut mLa;LalJNTwY A,InAtT i s t. PePh% v 1 LC Lb Lc :., METHLOL UNuEu blUUY AT THE T 4 ANbHOR T A T IO N

TtCh:%LLOY t ry . TL a ( ITC) 10 vtVLLOP A PCRbdECTIVC GN HOmTECic41 L AL ktnbuRtb UF t-IA .' A W D ANu R ISK RELAlb TG stRLtPTION UFm A n aud , HAnit, A.*U R!b4S ALSCC1ATto a1Ttt TRANSPunTING H A Z A r< u GU Sv. A T E R I A L S .

IcJdub IHANSPUdiAIILN a.NO H ANDL ING ; HA ZAd O , RELAIIVE

2/0 / 0 0 0u 0 01 -00 0 00 /o / / aa:1- b b i a r. NL. aOAu l c 7 2 +0Lt. jar ni Aclu 4 . hts 5Unt vt S kL FAILund s m ut-s A n I L 1 I I L S ( IN LNGLISM)

-

' nd o ( L ) ;LFFEL.4L J ; L n 4 La t JMsAUiH CE% vtPARTbea T LC buRETb NUCLEA1dd, FRANCct 1 %c o'l v

.o a t.4 a// + F k n5 4-2c2 +. 20 PPS, 11 Flub, 11 mCFS, MAY 1960IL AVAILAr>1LlTY - LULA4 LIGILVELTnE, uGCUMENT MANAvCMENT 3NANCH,

v i v l b ! Lf, LF TiOtNICAL I NFGNM A T I L:. t, OLCU4ENT CONThCL, U.S.*LsLCAn *COU LA 1 C h Y COMMI6616:4 'a a be ll:J G TUN , D.L.

tuoAY llLOOO;i3OOOLTIUN v 12 0P CLak CanNidY Fl aCT 1 .'.U ACTHoGb r A VE aLEa sLNELOPEL I f, THE PAST TO EVALVATL THE

______________- --_ ___ ______ . _ _ _ . _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

00 00 001 -0C 000 76 // 3 'i CUMTINU AT ION 1 PAGC 67

J UP T UNt Hmuu m lL 1 IY LF A LM VELSEL: A STATISTICAL APPh0ACHU S I .' 4G UxTA F bU M LUNVdNT1LNAL PL Ai4 T S, Af4D A Pa<U JA S I L i s T I C METhuDUb!:4G Trt F x AC I U T< L !1LLHA i.1 Cd UNutw Pkt,bAbILIdT1C FurW . AT TNds hC 5ta l T1..E , UNLY CUNu l 11 Si. AL eenU'Jau l LI T 1 db U I- FAILURE CAA MED E T E.< A I NC D ; IH ib 15 Ma l f 4tY DJt TG IHC LACK UF INFORMATION ONItE PhubAnIL1TY Ur UCCUkhpNCE UF F AUL ThD CONvITIONb ( LOCA-5 T EA Mr

a AE M -U V t- N P sd SdU.<C cTC...) ANu UN THE DEFCCT ULTECTIONHwobAblLITY. (Fah)

YWuk oS r-; AT.C E ; Ph h bb vW t VLbbCLL; FA ILUNL ;PRUS AdlLI f Y;nE ACTOS , LWh;FCWLibN :c x C H A N Gc.

6 /u / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 00 /u / / d *+;Lt55IUN feu. 0GtGIbeh 45iILC JL51ut. n-sib JGCUMENT FOh TRIP 5 kbLATED TO REACIIV1TY CHANGE IN

lee E U R -I I P K2 (IN I t,C UrERA TE VUvC)31 NUN (S) CUWRAu k r. ; LC AN EM;huLAND JFNPAU TH AkbON. E .w A r l dl AL lab., ILster 1WO[Ph h; Mt, aNL-/O-a2 +. on PPs, 20 |Ana, 4/ F lbs, Y HEFS, DbC. 1960-Alu AVAILAblLITY - L I M I T A T I U r.S ON U lS T W id uT I ON ; SC NJ xdubESTS TO

s L._ TLCHN IC AL IN FLRM A I l u.4 C hi4 t t n , P.v. UGA O2, oh RIDbb.TcNN. 5/e ib

. T LG un Y U LG o o u ; i.aO O O u11 I t,N b 110.xP CULL C4AUNinY A

S Tri A C i nLPLhT Cb T AL LI bhEL deb 1uN bAblL F OR L cr<-l 1ArnCilVITY-PRO 1ECTION SUoSYSTLM CF PLANT PRG TE C T I CN SYSTEM (PPS)IN Ihc kEALIen UPLnABE MLOC UF UPLRATIUN. m E ACT I V I TY -INSE R T IO NCVENTL AWL I Ld NT 1r- I E D AN D Gh uUPbO UalNb F AUL T-T REE A.w A LYb l SINTO Ai. T I C I P A I CD , U N L l eiC LY , aND EAThEMELY UN L I r(b L Y FAULTS.OYN A M I C S IMULA T1 vNS LF H LACT I V 1 TY -INbER T I ON EVdNTd AND PPS AREMAud FLk 4URbT-CASE GES I GN ts AS IS CUNUITIONS TG bHON THAT

~

tELENTIAL Pb nF Ur4 M ANCE RCLU I R EM CN T 5 Fura PPS AKE ME T AND THATADEQUAlt Phu lE L T I VE MARLINS art AVAILAcLE. hE buL TS F40ANIALYSib lut s.T IF Y ObblGN oAbib FAULTd FUM EACH PHOTECTIVE TRIPFuNCTlON AN D t-: S T AuL i b n TIMES Pt s.11 TTE D FU R COM PLE T I UN CFPt U TEC IIK A CT ION.

YWUhub E ch 1 ANU 2 (RE ) ;hE AC TOx PhC TECTI CN bYSTEM; ACCIDENT, DESIGNu Ab l S ; ACC IUC NT , CONTROL hLO ORGPI N ;t- AULT TRCE ANALYSIb;5E;b I I I V 1 TY ANALYbid;RELlAblLITY ANALYSIb;REACIIVLTY EFFECT

4/0/JOC0001-000007o// 35LEbbluN twO . O LC O l ho M.oTLC A PtAbinlLITY SruvY CONCtHNING THE PRObAalLIbilC APPROACH IN

dt IbAIC ASdd SS MEN I - APPL 1 LA I L ON 10 bdU I NE A S TE mN FRANCC (INi: k C N C h )

lidV N ( b ) b uuL A 4iPAU TH CEA J t P An T E M t.N T Ut buwETE NULLEAIRE, FRANCETE 19c02C L4G abN 33/ + FRhdk ces +. ,J PPS, 16 F I Gb, OCT. 19604GUAGC UTHER LANGAIL AVAILAc!LITY - SUSAN DISILVtbTkt. DUCU MEN T MANAGtMENT SNANCH,

LIViblCN OF lE CH N I C A L I NFor4M AT !bN f, DOCUMENT CONTRCL, U.S.NUCLEAR a EGU LA I O k Y C OMM I SS I ON , W A S HI c,G TON , D .C .

rEbbRY 01.0000;230000I I I t,N O1JG>NTWY r,i.<ACT T Hti SC I S:n ! C I TY OF THC RCUION Dutd NU T APPtAm TU bd mANDuMLY

JISTRIUUTEC, S UT w A T tibR CCNCtN TR A TLO IN A SMALL ,UMECR OFcoNEb. THE aTTENUATIUN LF l e. TEND l TY wITH EPICENTkAL DISTANCEIS EV-LU-TED F h0 M lbuSdlbMAL MAPS CF T wbN TY , *LLL DGCUMENTEDd Ah i r1LU A <,c S . A bPUNHEUEh MUDIFIED MuCEL IS USEU FUkAUJus t :4ENTS. ahtmEVCR PUdSibtE, A/_lAUTHAL AND LATERAL/ W l A T I O r.b UF AT ILNU AT IUN CUtFF1C1tNTd ARE CONS!UtRED. THEAJJUSTMtNTS N A LE CHCa NOLGMLY THE e- CL L O vv ! N G IENuANCIES:bHALLv4 L.E P T Hb (O-u AM) FU ed WMUNE VALLEY CVENTS; JEPTHb R ANG INGFhWM b TU 10 AM FGk DURA.wCE VALLCY kVENTS; GREATER DEPTHS( IS-JU ruw ) F U4 SUvh ALPS bVENTS; A TlE NUAT I LN C OEr:F IC I b N T SRANGING F r4 U M O.0v1 Tu O.co NM-1. (F AH)

TUR DS F4ANCE;PnLoAc1L1TY;tMRTHGUAKE HECURub ; AN AL Y T IC AL MODEL; FORECAST;FLatIGN C A C H AN GE

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

0000001-000007c// St PAGE 66

blUN NO. 00UGlooLG2MLW SAFh 00 YOU a Ai 4 T IO Ld 7

Jk(b) 4ANNING RIvc 1U

J e ppb, ThC i c;J rE LLEE C ON r E H V A T I ON I :.,T , XLV1I(4). PP. 16-19 (AUG.1%bl)

tbOhY 2,0000TlbN 01J0NIRY ATNACI f rti b IS A ShohT ARTICLL LE SC 6 l if l N G A RATIONALE OF ENERGY

TECMNLLLOY b4 ET Y. TMd LTHICAL G U ES T I CN OF aMICM CNERGY SOUhCCIL v.a s i L I K L LY TO MLET THE REGUlkEMEt,1b OF SCCitTY ANEJILLudbEU A id o 11IC GUCSTIUN RtPLAC!?46 INCHLAStD FUEL USE w1THCuch4V A | ILtd IL PbbCJ. tas DATA Is G1VEN.

%,RDb Sol 10 / s M I LL b W HI LaL CUN S ibt M A T IGN ; HA Z AND , REL A T I VE ; SAFE TYeslNCIPLtS A;D Pn lLUbudflY ; bard TY EVALUATluN

p /0 / 0 u 00 0 01 -0 0 0 L0 7o/ / 3/CdbblON NU. 00AGILG7bbJ L .~ A SusVLY GF dart (Y L tVtk b IN FEDtkAL HEGULATIGNTMaw(b) e,U-CA T; LAVE L,PAUIN L h N E u l t-M CL LO N UNIV., PITTbbuRCH, PA & U Rou A l t,05 INSTITUTION,

.chinvlCN, ccIc 19cl

t- aO J L% c G / L R-2 ;.10 +. 4o PPS, REF5, JUNC 19c1IL AVAILAbIL1TY - 74 A 1 IGN AL IbCHN! CAL INF U A;4 A T IGN StwVICE, U. S.

vCP As T Mbf. I Ur CO.WEkCE, ;PHINLFltLD, VA. 22161ItGChY 230G001 I I L:4 v130hP CLJ AYApNTRY AdThACT _ACM ALEr.CY bEGULATING HLALTH Ok S AFE TY 4UST SET A SAFETY G C AL .

IwLICITLY Oh EAPLICITLY. la bOME CAbCS CONGRESS MAS ulVEN?.,FECIFIC GUI ANCE; MORE LENEhALLY, CONGRESS MAS GlVEN IMMENSEDISLRETILN TO THE AGcNCICb. EIGHT Fh aME40 sA b Fud REGUL A TI NGdCALTH A(4 D bH biY A R c. DELCklJED. lW30kTANT ISSUEb IN DECIOlNGahlCM FNAMbaLns IU SELECi INCLUDE: (A) THC REQUIRED AMOUNT CFDATA COLLECTLON, ANALYSib Af 4 D VALUb JUDGM ENT S Fuk EACH, (G)ahCTHCR -154 C AN DE CU AN T ! r- I EU IN EACH CASb, (C) Man EACHFRAME'aLhs ,*F I-E C T b PR I OR I (Y SETTING, (d) THE HESIDUAL LEVEL OFUNL Er2 T A IN I Y AF T C x ANALYSIS, (C) SAFCTY GUALb, AND (F) 1HCuCNEWAL COETL LF RbbLLATInG.

7 dah 0 S b arc T Y A4 4 A L Y b l S ; b,*F t T Y PkvGRAM; SAFETY PR I NCl e LES AND PHILOSOPHY;NELOLATION. F E Dth AL; COMP AH I 3Ltd

/G / 0 0 00 0 01 -UO G 0u 70 // 3o'dbb lO 4 NO. G OJ O l t.cJ 74L'i A C G d 1 -bc Nbi- I T LLMPANISGN UF NUCLEAh AND NCNNUCLbAR HEALTH ANO

dsFCTY er, U T C LT I v t ME ASU Rtb ANU WEGULATIONSTh0P(b) MAUGG JJ;u'DUJNLLL CPPAUTH dtASCL S r. ei V I E S INC.C 19t9E O

10 I c. hPb, a l A nd , J r!bS, c.6 NtFS, NUCLdAR dAFETY, 2O(S). PP.a u-*O ( S E P T .- LC T . I979)

'CGURY v10000;20000uT1CN O129P CCUL oLaNTnY a

da aVLA>TGACT A CGbi-SENLF IT .4 L I t1G U uk u bY FGR NUCLEAR SAFETY COr4CcRNS 15

PhtbCNItu AND AdeLILJ TU d A l bT ING NUCLCAW PLANT ENGINEENEDhAFETY et A TUht S. CLNPARlboNb la TERMb UF INVESTMENT COSTL TOALM 1dVE ACbuCT luNL 1.4 MOmiaL1TY e<ATCS AR E THEN MAUE 3E in EEN4UcLtAR PLANT barETY FEAIUHEL AND THE PHu f dC TI Vh MCAbOWEb AND4tvutATloNb ,,5 WClATED a1TH Nor.NuCLt A x k I b r(S , PAe4TICULAkLY a1THLaAL-Flw2U PtnLR PLAN 1S. THESE C O MP A R I Sd N S hEVCAL A MARKED1.4C UN d i b i t NC Y l.4 THE COST EFFECTIVENbSS. A SHtCIFIC EXAMPLE OFr, Ecut A T Cb Y vibPAhlTY WCGadulNG GASEGub EFFLUCNT LIMITS FOR.4LCLE AR ANL t-OL31L-FuhL PUaER PLANTS 16 rJRESEN TED. 1T ISsC:4C LUd tiv ihAT A LO NS i b T t34 I ht A L T H ANO SAFtTY REGULATORY POLICYi> AbE u UN UNiiURM RISA ANO Cu bT-bt NLF I T LR1IE91A bHUULD cE

-. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ._______

0 0 CO GO I -00 000 to // J t, CONIINUATION I PAGE 69

ALUPThU Ai4D IMAI tUTUxE PsGPOStD I4UCLEAR k bG 'JL A T U RY CUWIS$10NJ

HELULATunY H e-u ul sti4CN T S SHOULD cc CR I T I C ALLY. CVALUATCD FROM ACLST-ccncF1i VIcaPOINT. (FAH)

Oh US CLLT C t..CF 1 T ;P u n CR PLANI, N U CL b An ; PO .J E ,4 PLANf, FubbIL FULL;beit- b T Y P nLGH,.'4 ; P cn b L NNtL PRCTLCTIVE DEVICE;CLMPAmlbbN

/0/ u 0 00 0 01 -00 0 0u 7o / / 39CCa5IUN NO. G OJ v 1 cc 2.orIL- Y N ,,M I C sELleUILITY mODEL FUh int PICAChlNG CLADOING STRESS

CLR <U d l Ur. CH AC Ki t.G FAILUhESJ f tu)H ( b ) 1 :.c 4 A . 4 U;GLTMA., AN PAu lts f u_.% 1 o. :- I S R ,-E L INSI. OF T E C hN LL GG Y , HAIF ASIE 1v617PE uE%U FPS, I eIG, c hEFS, NUCLEAR IECNNULOGY, b4(1), PP. 7o (JULY._

19cl)AIcub-Y l10000;ecOOOuJIIILN 01._9vUt4 TH Y AI At u 4LA T%thAcI A sYNAMIC hELInoiL1TY NU LE L IS ULEv IO DESchIbC IELT DATA CN

,InLbb CannULILN C -s A C A I N u FAltuxEL UF CL A C U I ..G klNGS CUT GF THEs1CAtn!NL eLST-% aCTcR rLEL. IHib MLJEL PROVIObb nN E APRE SS IO NT HA f t;1TL TML CAIA PUINTS vbkY mtLL. THE MAIN GOAL CF THEALvE L ib lu TA AE IN I o AC COUN I Inc IN-kCACTUM mhtladlLITY UROPPRIGn IL T hc. IabT. AN tLUIVALENT TEST TlME PA N A Ati T ERW EEP U..L 16 LE rOR IttE FUtiL bukNINu Ib U stiD TO MOVC THE TlME AXIS

~

UhlulN Io int LdFT FUR I h6 otGINNING OF ThE TEST. THE NCNZEFOFAltunE F n A C T I GN AT IHC REAL TEST bEblNNING 15 buPPOSCD TG". A l S T APPEARINu Ab e VENY LANGC F4AtTILN GF THb S P tC 1 M ti NSF AI L= U At THE VERY FisST MUMENTS UF THE TE ST . (FAH)

Y .v u u o b l 'J A tiL ; HEL I A t.1 L I T Y A4JALY al S; AN ALY T ICAL MODEL ;CL AD D I Nb ; STRE SSCUndu bl DN ;Ch AC A; F AlwuRC

6 / v/ UO OO O O l-O Q u GV 7 o/ / 4vCCbSION NG. G O Ju l LOM3Itr T CCt,N 1 C AL NUlb : LICCNSCC E V Cf 41 At9UKT StGUbNCE COOING AND

LEARCn FHOCE JJ hti WOnASHOP' t ht h ( S ) (.C T T A E LL h o ; LA LL AME h k t3WPauTH UAA R I D GC N A 1 I CN AL lad.. TENN.TL I ib I

PC OMO a PPS, 2 T A ts b . 2 HLFS, NLCLEAR S At:ETY, 22(2), HP. lo2-c*

(mhCH-APklL 1 vo 1 )ILGCdY 170 L 0 0 ; e2 O OO OI T IL . C 1._ vhP C L D L. F4CUNThY AacH , USAblHaCf Tnti P R O L,, A M IN CL UU CU aN IN-DEP TM eRitFING CN Tnt STATUS OF T Hti

S EG U El.CE COO IN G AhJ SEARCH PhCCriJURE (SCSP) ANG ALSO EHIEFINGSSY 4CMLLhb UF TMb A N nt_ Y S I S AND tiVALUATION UF GPENATILNAL JATASTAFF AS TL THCIn 40kK A ND FUTUAE PLANS RELA TING IU UPER AT INGuATA A b b c S S.o LN T . VCHY OHIEFLY, Tite SCSP IS A CUMPUTER-GASEDAEThICVAL SYLTEM ..H I CH DILL HAVC A Ah K tiDLY IMPROVLU SEARCHS TR A TZLY C AP ,,c l L 1 T Y FOR LU C H ITEMb Ab COM MUN -C A USE FAILURES GRCLvPLtA SYSTLM 1NTERACT1LN UERIVED FhUM A KNOWLCOGE CF FAILURELEGUENLhb AND OTMtH WELATIUNbHIPS AbbOCIaTED WITH AN EVCNT. ANI LLUS TR Al i V E tiXAMPLb iS G1VEN.

Ymukab INDUS TH Y. N U s'L E A R ; I N LU S T xY , UTILIiY; AGENCY, NHC;COAPUTERPnubk AM;J T A CvLLCCTION;CATA P hLCE SS I NG ; I N FO RMA T I ON RCThIEVAL;UPL A A i I NG CArEWItNCC

J/0/ 0 0 00 001 -00 000 70// 4 IClib S 10.4 90. O L A V I c. cu_ o uTLu bMCE ANv v I LS ILC stLI Au IL 1TY A.w SAreTY PRUGsANSsPAU IM t-ICAt alNu HE LC Ak CM (. u k P . , PALADENA, CanE 19012t Nm NbAC-al +. 6b PPS, F ti c . 19cl\it AVAILABILITY - RESCAhCN 4EPORTS CtNTER, tiLEC T R I L PO4LN ;LSe AMCM

I Nd l . , 4.0. rO X 1009u, P AL.O ALTO, C AL i t; . 94303ThGGRY C 10 000 ;2J0 0 0 0; 0* 0000II1CN O129

________________ _ _ _ _ _--_ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ . - - - _ _ . _ _ _ - _ - _ _ - _ - __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ . ___ -

(

/000000i-O'1000 76// 41 CON T I NU A T I ON 1 PAGC 90. i

fGY As

'mACT T hl b dri P L N T .A)CU MtN I b fHL E V LLU T I UNAd v ' vC VEL,GPMEN T OFLLIAGILITY *w b >AF 1Y .J h A C T A C C L IN U.4 % .4N LJ AND MANNdD SPACC

AoJECTb. A..u < ! L I T A .vY benLE Al.0 I t4 f t aLUN T INtN T AL MISSILbm LJdCTS4 U v LH THL LAbr I .v u i t C A v L S . IT O I SCu bSt S SUCCESSCS,Pe.ULLLMS nNb r: A I LudL L . A ; .0 I UCt411 F ilib THC CUhhhCTIVE AC7104Sv hl tn b C :.U L I D lia A ukAAATIL I NCR ti A bt IN AEL 1h lL I TY , EVENT rt4UGtt its C Lm et i x ! i Y AND MiasIGN nCuulddMCNTb CF TMdSta t- u J c L I -- GwtsTLY INCnEAato a1IN T l *#L . Tot HbHCHI DlbTILLS T Htic

"LhbbuNb LL a n.4 ;J " A'au PR t SE cw i S Ti tC v IN A'FASd!UN $NICH CAN t3 EOLtFUL To bT t E k unu nt.l ZA flONS ktiS P UNS i b L E. FUm T nti DEVE LOPM EN T .! .VFLEMCN I A I i U 4 A.4D Ued Ha T I CN UF dAIRLMELY CU MP LE X ANDf tCMN I C AL.L Y Q VAi4Ldv SYbiCMS .v H I C M MUST HAVE HIGH WEL I Ars lL I T Y.

Ynokub S Pa C c L N at- T ; h t L 1 A e I L ! I 't , LU MPLNC's I ; A.!L i Ao l L I T Y . SYSTEM; FAULTTHEL A.J ALY b l Li 5AF t TY PRU u AM ; T E.s i I th ; f w A I N lt40 ; *4t LUND ANCt ; HUM ANF AC T Uh b ; nLL 1,.e IL 1 T Y AN A L YS 1 S ; L PH I

b /U / U O LV 0 01 -00 0 00 /u/ / -+ uLh a s lua t.U . O C J O 1 u u o'+TLi eAaH-1%Gv; tuMPAhlbuN LF tAPCn!LNLE AN D P4tDICilONn

1HaA(S) L .:LeauCHn usnP%UTH tLCCIhlC N o LR NLidnMCH INbf.. PMLU ALIO. CATh 19t1PC a/L 9 ppb, 4 F I G L. > ntFS. NLLLEAH TdChNULLbY. SJ(c), PP. 2J1-4

( - #4 Y 1961).lELokY 2500001TICW O 12 *inP Lese dAUNfhY A

Aaa WUAISIRACT l.. AN tiLLC TR IC PUadR k ri s tA NCH INbT I Tu lE 4EPGAT. 1I WAb

C G. , L LU U C D T i t ,. T T H'- tNRUN huuNUb IN # A S h-I d+ 0 0 . TnE nCACTORSAFtIY L I UD Y , AL i nOU uH P t k HA Pfi UNDtWSTATho. ARC NUT NtCESSARILY" Ln t- A T L Y UNJLR bT A f dv.a Ab CLAIMEL nY rhE LEalb COMMITTCE. TMdNEL AI IGN HIP ttLIatEN AN C APtm l :*c W I AL DA I A dAbc Fod Ue>ERATINGLibHTaAlti s cs Cl l,n d ( L .v k b ) AND THc PHEDICTIONS G F- N AS H-140 0nAVt bd t t 4 c X A'4 I N CD . THt DATA LAbu CUNSISTS CF : 1) U.S.CUAAE n C l xL L u< MJeCTURS. 2) =UNLU LWm A t ** C T O A b , ANU J) wuRLDLas PLUb U.b. NA V Y RtACTLRb. ESTIVATICNS UF AN c.xPEC T EDI Nt R td A b d IN exPEhld4Cd i tO IC A TE THAT THE #ASM-1*00 CORE-MELTPhosAcILiTY LA t#4 G T C li AN UNuti nt- 5 T I M A I I UN. THC MAA1AUM JEGREEt r: UNGUAaTIF1dD Pm0uadlLIIY IN THc mAbH-14GO C ALCULA TIONCsi+%sdu TO LA r^i h i C N CE Ib THAT Ct THE MARulN. I rth INCRtASE IN.4Adn-140u U:4C RT AlNT Y C A .St. U T dE untArtw T N AN A +ACTuh UF 4 AN D

I THE WAbh-140G N E u l A14 CANNOT uk LOm Lf MORE THAn A FACTOR OF 4YwGaub ,%Lw I C I I LN ; b AF rii Y 4 Aku lc4 ;HE AC TCR. Lad;OATA CLLLECfIGN*

PNLb An i L I f Y ; LO kE M.iL T Ju a ..

o/u/ v000 0u l-00 0 uu 7 0// *aCE b b l O N NU. U lt u t t w 711ILt -CL I Ao 1 L1 IY AN AL Y b l b GF 1Mb bhUIuGnN t1 EAT << E i O V AL SYSTEM CUR

IHt CCNCdPTU,t_ UCalGN STLOYINOn(b) o x Y A. 4 TL ; S I M UJ .iL L I Ru9PAUTH . CST 1;40MLutL t Lt C IR I C COhP . , MAD 1aLN, PA.TE 19eu

'vE HNU a m o -S k -94 G O O- 17 +. 11.3 PPS. 7 TAdd. W E t: 5 , bCPT. 19eoAIL AVAILAblLITY - LIMITarlGNS L. N D I si n ladT idN ; LENU 7CCUCLTS TO

LtL TtLHNICAL INFLaMATIGN CtNTER. P.U. cuA uz, UA4 H10Gt.TtN 4. a7630

ituGNY i uGVu;120006; ObOboG11ILN 012eRP CLDE 4taUNidY ASIAACT SrxTDuaN nC A T 9t|nUVAL 5YSTtM (SnNd1 MtLIAaILITY A at ab VEN T .V A S

NI..AxlLY P C bF Uw xC s IN Su2 Pus T OF Tnc CONCEPTUAL deb ! G'4 bTUDYl u :-) P N A '.E 11 tFF0ATS. Il IS A UtiT A ILED EX AM IN AT I O;4 OF THCJh ACE-l h ALS LE v ! C A i d d HEAT ACMOV,L CO MblN A TI ON. ThE CUNb lN aT IO NbtLEC1cD FRLv IHi PHASC 1 1RADt-GFF aTUDIEb GF vlAbLi HEATM uVAL b Yb I eM b. USING "C T hL OO LU G Y CONS 1STCNT *ITH THAT USEDJ LW' [ )u GiS PrALE I. N ib ANNUAL PRUbAalLITY U t; SHUIDOaN HEAT4t/OV AL bYSTiM FAILuhE ./ Ab CxLCULATLs ANu COMPAAEG utTHE r T AcL 1 LNED W AL S . THIS STUUY CO N CLU DtS THAT THE DR AC S-I R AC S

__

C0 00 001 -00 0 00 /S// 45 CUNT INU AT ION 1 PAGE 91

beik h C D w l. A TI CY4 r.AhtDS. 41Th Ca.4SlJthAhLt~ |4 A k b l N , THE PhESENTL e w- L NCLIAvlL1TY LUALL. ,

: s .< s b L At .. i Y af.AuY bl b; HC aC I UM _ H U T.s 0 a N ; itC A I Tk At4SFdk ;CCNLE|4SERL tuu l ..o L Y b I E9 iC i n LU LA T I L.g . * A T UW at i niiAC T L R . POWCa;itST, SYbTEM.

L e-L s A o I L I T Y s 'C L i no l L 1 T Y ANALYSIb;betVILudN COLLING LYSTEM;rolLubt /UDC A ' .A L Y S I ., ; A C L l u c N I . Lubb LF PL aC R

3/u/0000OG1-00ObuTo// 4Lt.S b i L 4 Nb. G Ch b 1 La t '> /

l T LL 1. icv,<n!1LN 6F .wh .s t L I A c l L I T Y ANJ tmACTURE ME CH Are l Cb PhA5C 1tLeuwI

J T nok ( b ) t C C ( C '< FL ; LtJLT LN br< ; LLLO Y beMPAUIM P AC IF 1C . .J h I l i.V h5 T L A t, . . b 1 C H L A tev , mA

4It IseG7 r t- H98. .JuwtG/Ch 109%. (VLL. 1) + PNL-a4ov +. RO tPS. FIG 5. htFS. OCT.

-

A w. u/ AIL AVAILAultITY - N A T I U..AL IE C rm ! C AL INF URMA T IUN SL t< V I CC , U. S.

UCPARINCNT UF CO M XCh CE . LPhlNLFILLO. VA. 22161,ThGLuY I 1 0 0 0 0 ; c.c O v 0 011I1(P4 G12e.hP Lt.U L si.4

1UI. I A Y A:S inAL T n sukVLY .v a b .4Au; G r- Thd STATC Le PWACTICC FOR UL T r< Abu N I C 151

vr ' L a.s P h ltiA.sY b Y L T L .' * P I PI NG abLsh. F8AClVRb MECHANILLC ALLULA l l CNb d uR r. 1 ave IL ESTAbLibH e<CGUIRED NUNudSThUCTIVEI;b T 1:4b bdNS A T IV [T 16 5. IT wAS FuuND THAT t-ATIGUC FLAdb LEbbI r1A N b6 L'F aALL T r t ! trt Nt.~ bs vtVLD NOT GNun TO FA!LUME a1TH1N AN1:.hPtC T ita INTcH VAL CF lu YtAws. HGdtVtd. IN buMt CAbh5F A I LU.< t LLutu LCCok LLNdIDLN-LLY r: A 5 T b H . STAlISTICAL METHUDSF Les sh C u l L T I.dG At40 MLASU,ING THt Et-FCCTIVENEb5 AND mELIAEILITYU t- 15.,1 aCRt ud. vt L L P ;.u aNu n!LL et aPPLIEU la THE "wCUND h G ti l Nl t.betL T I L Nb" Ur PMAaL II. MLASUnt'NEuTb *ERE MALT GF THbINrLucNL. OF FLAa C41aH AC it k I L T ICS (I.L.. ROUuMNCbb. TIGHTNCbS.ANL On ( Eid T A T 1U.9) U.4 INbetCTIuN RtL1A'JILITY. THLSLr.E AL Uh h ML.4 T b . Ab adLL Ab Tht P R t:0 I CT I 0:45 Gr A LlaiIbT1 CAL VODELF La INsPCCIIU4 RCLI Aul e! I f , t ivD IC A IC THAI CUkRENT REPGh T ING ANDR hChr? u l Nu S r. . .S I T I V I I l b 5 An L AUCGUATE. (FAH)

Y .vu R u b k ANu o P AL ukAM; oL T k ALUN IC b; TE bT . NLaetbTkUCIIVt;9tLIAblLITYAhaLYi!S;FAALTLRt ruuGhNdSS;STATidTICAL AN AL YS I 5 ; P I PE S ANU PIPEF 1 i T 1..G L ; aCL LS ;H JL< i;.h C-b

6 / v/ o u 00 001 -OO u t 0 /u// 4bCC S b t U c. "4 0. C OC O 1 un emoTLt FAANI1C I1 - A CL.deUTCR Lu ut Fun TIMC Ltr tNDCN T UNA VA I LAnl L! TYe

Al u.L Y b I LTHUh(S) VtbC Y n t- ; U I L.< E Y JM; HALL RCme%UTh antLMtavuN . . AT I G N n t. L AB . . UPIUN. N.Y.It Italst nw .4uhCL/Ck-lW9 + mNLm40stL-ul w5 +. 90 rPS. TAGS. FIGS. APwlLe

1 9 c,1AIL dvAILAtlu11Y - NATICNAL i t CH .'. ! CxL laF URM A r t ure SERVICE. U. S.

w LP Ad t:=itr4T UF COMMERCE. LPhlNGFlLLD. VA. 22101TEUULY l /OC OO ; uGOL OIIIUN sik /sP CODE M ZAJ.4 THY A2ikAC| |t4 r;RaNTIC C.J eP U T Ci< CODh LVaLUATEL THC TIME Ud PE N DE N T AND

avl,sAcc UN A V al LA b l L 1 T Y F Lev ANY G e r4 E t< A L SY S TE M vuDtL. IME CGDEIL mR1TTEN 1N FGkI4AN 1V FOR The CDC 7t,00 CGMPU TER .: n /. - *< t P A l h A o LE CCMPUNLNTS. MuNITuntu CUMPONCNTS. ANv-ta l C D 1 CnLL Y TEbICU COMP Lt4EiJ T S ARL N A c.0L C D . CNE UNIGut FEATURECr FhANTIC ! !. TH t J E T A I L ti v , llML U EPEabEN T MCDELING GF PERIODICitbi!NG art i C H IN LLUvb b T r i._ drFCCTS LF TEST UCWNTIMCL. TCbT< C x ,< ! O t h , ut T tC 110N I Nc f'F I C itaC i c a , AND itbi-CAddbD FAILUhES.t.

hU .AN tGHLRb A ND Lu.* NUN .C L L FAILUREb CAN be INCLUUtj JYA'.d 1 C.41..G Al. AFPnUPRIATt CUN5 TANT WUuAdiL1TY fun TMdCL. . T .< l u u T L R L .

<aQsub Co4PUTC4 pal L< AM ; Av A I L Ao IL ! T Y ; CLtoPGNCN TS ; F A I LURC. C O.*1 P O N E N I ;alt.d l i ! V i | Y x. 4 AL Y S I 5 ; R E L I A b l L I T Y ANALYSIS ; TE ST ING ; HUM AN FACTURS;F AI LUe<C , COMSON %QJC;HJCA;NRC-HG;Fa!LURC. LedhaTOR EkROR

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ - _ __ - _ _ _ _ .

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

OO L0 0 01 -G O J uv 7 0/ / <* o PACE 92

.S!UN NU. 06AO1LSLv9A ./ L Y L I L LF PUEL ROD LC heV 1 Ok * i I t i 1. e A ^O0 LUNULL GF A<

H r C b L U n l e. L O 4 A id n NCACTUb UNubb f TIE CLNulTIONS CF A LGb5 OFLuu L A.4 l A L C l m_ . . T (LLLA) U51NG PliUDAdlalbT!C S iT hC ULLLG Y (INt4.twM A N )

tuh(b) S r 4 0 ,* l F L a

<P UTH <. L h t.r u n S C t iu. 4 tM c N T R U M AA"Lbhuht, F . e< . Gei4MANYIL l 'i c oe t. N

,, au es e s -2 *. o b + uv4nSh-701 +. 111 r Pb , Fibb, AhF S , Gd C. 1900e

4 4GU A0L u Li l4 A : 41 -4 i L 49eILAJlLIIY - S Ub AT4 O I L IL VC bT e<t , UGLUt4EN T 14 A N A G L.4 t a T BAANCH,

s IV I b IUN OF id Ct1N IC AL INFuhM A T 10 4 o vuCUMtNT CUNTAuL, U.S.'.vtLCAh heuuLAlunY C w A V I LC,I C.., nabHl.4GTCN, u.C.

4ItGUkY sc0000:0aOCou;23000ub I Il ur6 G 1; /b.i s C . ,u t- r, wJJ'g1 n Y b.bikACT A4 A:4ALYIICAL N uhL lb A FP L i ts - 10 LTuuY THC t:,E M A V I O N OF FUEL

'< bu b U. . u r. H ,RCILcNI CGNDITIONb FULL 0ntNG THE 00 Vo Lc -E NU CD PIPEd,e> f U N T oL T 4 tli N LLULA.4T HJdP ANv PhdbLUkC V ti bb C L IN IHE PHIMARY.; Y ., I s oF A 1a00 .t*tdL)-Pm. L M IFICALLY A HUU dVNULL ISs.L. 4 S I u n i.O Cuabl5 TING OF dao t: U ti L .% L J 5 , InAT 16 buuJdCTdu TOa CV .<- Tr ursM L A..o MLCnA.. ITAL L U A D i r40 . THt r4E b u L 1 5 UbTAINtD1. .v l C A l t THAI PLAbilC C L AL verGr<xAT!udb slTH C I RCUNFee<ENT I ALCuAu sinnlNb Ub Mv4h IHAN 3 0 .. CANNUT bE dACLUUCD FGR HOT RUDEUF Int u h F L ee ~._; 4 Cc. v u: 4L LL . HuddVdR C b H L A.9 A R CLGLA9T CHANNCL.

oLaCAAvCb LF b luNI F I LA '4 T tXIcNT sLt4 Tu .sk PnLuAbte v1 THIN THAT. a u. .s L = LhLY L I 4 Us. H CC H T A 1.4 OLUNOAHY CdNDITION5 dH1CH AHS AL LU ME DI r; bc PCatiMAbi!C. (FAh)

Y.h s JL L C at A.4Y ;.id A C fu h , r u a ; r:UE L Rum ;6bi A V lur< ; ACC IUCN T, LULL CFLuut As I ; 4 LD ,e IL 1 I Y i n.. AL Y T 1 C AL vubCL; FOREIGN E X Cs14N Gri

e/u / O v 00 001-00 u 00 /t>/ / 97CCablON ab. O a o l c d c,J e

TLt li.TLok A T ING ,,E L I A c I L I T Y nNALYSIS nNU Utib I G.4- I t iu h ( b ) H ,.b u u ;.a L N UM

W .a U T h C ha,0 IDAnu 1. 4 . , IDAhU FALLSIt. 1900PF f.

40 ALL-131 + tbt-12 alL;7 +. OL ppb, FILJ, UCT. 19eo, It AVAlLAnILITY - N A I IUNat 1 F. C hill C A L I Nr; ohm A T lON bCdVICC, U. L.

LLPAhiMLNI U r- Cas4'4ti d LL , LPa!NbFICLL, VA. Ec.161ItuuuY c IO v o u ; le u G O O ; ;.3 0 0 0 0

t II Ura 0tc7WP CLUE .CuUNINY ,,

binACI i ni '. AEPL.,T LitChlaLL THc INIEHACTIVC hEL I A51L I TY nN,$ L YS I SP uoJ r.C i ,*h b w.*ONbTsA1CL THE Ab / AN T Act S OF Ud1NG COMPUTER-A1DEDOtatua b Y b i E #b ( C,,J b ) Its m LL I A t: l L l ! Y ANALYSib. LUMMUN CAUSEFAILURE r h b6 Lt MS REUUIRE P R C s C a l A I l U ed h GF SY ST tiMb , ANALYSIS OFs

FAULT Th Eb. A NU tvALUAIION uF SULUTILNS TJ TMESE. wCSULTSnA/E 10 t. E C oA 4J t: l C A T C O LE I .v td N IHC RCLIAblLITY A.4 ALYS T AND THEL Y r. T E|4 vC b ! G;E A . Us t i.G A COMPUTbn-AlvdD Ud f,1 bN LYbTEM SAVESTIML AND VGT.uY I t'4 T ttC AN4 Yblb LF UdsIGN. CLMPUIER-A1DEUvt.21GN SYditub LENJ I Ht M ud LV E S TO LAJLE HOUTING, VALVE ANDb al T Cts Ltbl5, P I Pt- ROUTING, AND UINER COMPONENT biUDIES. ATu uL L idaho, IN C. . THC APPLICON CAUb IS bdlNG APPLIED TO THEL IUL ( UF * A T Fit RCACTOR S /J:ETY L Y '., T E M L .

f*uRub stLIAu!LJTY ,. 4 AL Y b ! d , L d b I G N ; P A U L T TRCC A.J ALY L I b; F A I Luf< E , COMMONw Lu E i LP C 1 ; 8 E ,,c l a ti , Lah

3/ 0/ 0 0 00 0 01 -00 J 00 70 / / 4cChbSIOu NJ. C O A u t o b d d =4TLd Tnd exPLnl.VE;,TAL FACILITY FOn CON T n I N MEN T LUMP RCLIAtiLITY

L T U v l ti b (GtNL7 IC T A t ts A-43)InvR(S) uLNGIN a iJ Anis C h ; P A DM A..A uMAN Mte*a b i h .v t h C d S l E R PL LY TE LiaNI C I N '.,T . , HLLDhN, MASa.TE 1960'E .44U A LC-I R + A R L- 12 0 oO / M3 9 e +. o* PFL, h t: IuS, 6 HEFS, DEC.

1%O41L A%AILAcILIiY - NAT1ONAL ILCHNICAL INFGhMATIGN SERVICE, U. S.

u t. P A A T.4F N T OF Cu r4 Ad h C E , 92RlaLFltLv. VA. 221o1

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/OOOOOOI-OO0vvto// '+ t CLNTINUATION 1 PAGE 5c3-

,URY 1 1 0 0 0 0 ; i .2 0 0 0 0I Ord f,12 /

.IRY n

N AC T lhlb b E Pt a- T tibchtnCS THC TEbT r; A C I L I T Y CONS TRUC T EL TO CCNOUCTeLLT5 G r4 UN h t S Lt. V t s b a t- t i Y Ibbutb AbbOClATEL 41IH CO 4iAINMEN!s vi t e PhhpuAM,WCc sUh li.G IHt w t L i t< CUL A T A G.4 MOOT. THE TCbTt- AL I L I I Y CUtibt bl b UF A .i n t r4 TANA .41 T ri LU M P . SUCTILN PIPEb wITHVm1Aowt v I A ..C T L k b ANv P LS 1 T I Ut.S . A P Uxed P1T TANA. A .DA*SUClaTCJ P IP INu Fun T ttL blMULAllut4 OF oREAA ANO G k A lt4 FLOWS.b o a.P P t h r- C R M ,. 4 CE IS uE TEM INe v IHRLubH THE OoSEhvATION OFVLhICA t- t ss M a i l it4 1.4 T r1E VAIN TANN Arvo file ME ASURbME N I CF bdikL.ehtbbukt UhAvlLNI. A;.O C a.l e< A l f 4LG alH IN THL SUC T IO!4 PIPCS. A

| bu*nibitCAICU uA la a Co u l bi l l Ls4 SYSTLM. mITH COMPUTER INTEAFACE.LLQdb Tric. TLS1 Flow PAkAMETLHS TU bC SC T AND TEST VATA TO bETAAC4 (elin IH L bxCCrilON OF VUhTC A ubCER V A T IONS ) FNOM A SINGLELC N i r< a L LFF1LJ. tFAH)

Y .'au n o b C L. s i n l N A 41 bU W) ;F Lv a ; F LL d . VURTCA;FLua THEUNY ANv CXPEHIMENTS;I P le>C S AND r>1et F 1 I I I |4Gb ; FUMPS ; T L b T ING

c /J / 00 LO 001-00 0 00 7 0// 49.Ch b b 10. 4 .au . vetL1obltotTLC PALv VtauL N t C LC A N UdNesnTINO binfluN AVAILIANY FCLUmATCR

s v 5 I r. M at t 1 A r,I LI T Y n.dALY61bJ H a * A U T r1 m.1 U:4A r-ou t 1C GLUVICL L v. , PMCE:. ! A. AZ.IE 1 ' .o 1'Pt rt

.M aFP+4U X . I t.O P bb . L IN .4 / A T T A C il . TU NRC vihCCTCh UF NUCLEARNCACILn r.C ou tA f l uN . Ftb 10. 19o1. LOCACTS 50-52c/b M/t.50.Ivrt--rah. M r G -Lt. . AL m CLN. LCb tU. bloc 2bOES1

' AIL AVA1LAhIL1TY - NHL PUbLlL LO LU ra C N T kuGM. I 71 / H bThEET..v n L h l i .u f t.4 t, . C. c o b a :, (vb CCNTS/PAGE -- .*tI N I % U M CHARGEtc.Gv)

fLLLHY 0L0000 ; 1/000 L; c3 000 Us

- 1 T 10 . Oluo.kP CUJE AHS.Uit I R Y A5ThALT InC PALL VERLC afb 4Ab A;.ALYZdu Cut 451v6 RING VARIOUS UELIGN

ALI Ldt. A T I VL b Ab A dCbtLT CF THE CUNCCANb EAPHEbbEU bY THE NRC.Ihla dTLDY L&4bluCRuu FOUri D I F F Cf< i N T OEblGN AL T E Rr4 A T I VES . THEFIkbT UNt i6 TrC LUNHCNT DESION w h !Cr1 LUN S I S Td LF ONtTLkh1Nt vm!VEN EMCAGcNCY t;tEUwATER T r4 A l ta . ONb MUTUR-ORIVENt Mt_ h ut :4CY FCCDaATtR TWAIN. AND A MANUAL START NON IC AL POaER..L i o n -J k I V C N AUXILIANY FtELanTER I n A l '4. IN CASE 2 THE LTARTUPAVAILIAmY FELOaATtm PUMP 4Ab GIVbN Thd CAPAulLITY GF r$CINGvoaLRtu F.<b M T he inA14 A DichtL LtatT<ATGR bY MANUAL STANT.CnLL LA IS TIC SAME AS CnSE 2 EXLcPT AUTOMATIL b r A t4 T ISshbV1vtL. !.. CA SE Ce A r-UUR T tl FEtuwATER PUMP TWAIN #AS AOdbD.

Yauhub m. L vLkUc 1 (PgG);PALO VE R Ot 2 (par);PaLO VLRDt 3 (P#R);ntACILn. PWR.WhLIA6Is!TY ANAcYSIS*AUXILIAkY;FECuaATER;OECIGNb I UU Y ; L col li4 0 SYSTEM. bL COND AN Y

':/ 0 / u G OO O O 1-0 0 0 0u 7 0/ / 30CE sb luti f.O . OLUG 1 cb i v7TLC A MtTHLLULUGY FOR CVALUATING THE P Fson Ab lL I T Y FCH t lWE LOSL GF

N vC L:. A.4 r*G w t n PL A.4 T L A t- h I Y r: UNCI 1UNSTHUN(b) LALLUCC1 niiVRH AU T tt ,hNbbLLAth PtLYTtLHNIC I No T . , THU Y , N.Y.TC 1900PC UVU 4v/ HPL. 1966 (Thtbib)AIL AVAILAulLITY - JIbtCdTATIUN LLP !c b . UNIVERS I TY MICbCtrlLMS

Ila r C W:.a T I CN A L. r8.L. cLX 17v4 ANT 4 A AkaCH. V I Crl! G AN 461Ob ( LA LE Rt. L . cC 0404 )

fEGUNY OlOOuu; 1 0000;'.3000u! TION O l k r>si' CLUE %teJNTRY AilwACT 4LTHUGULubY tad bCE 4 OCVuLueCU FOh CV ALUA T IGN OF PkOti AU I L I T Y2

F Cw LLb5 LF MJCLEAR POaER PLANT SAFELY FUNCTILNb DUt TU FI4ES.F i. A Wi a u k N F o rs INVEST ib AT LON iW FlWt SCENAHIUS INVLLVINGL AT E T Y -h t L A T Lu buu!PMENT ttAb bhtN ES T At L I SNLO attICH MODELS FIRE, t V E L L P M t- N T AS A LEh!ES LF I GtJI TI O N . OE TE C T I CN . SUPPRESSICN.AW Ph uP AG AI lutt bidPS. IN AvDITION TO PR t- SE N T I NG VAd!GudM(UtLb FLn GLANillATIVE LV ALVA T IUN UF PRubAblLITidS FOR THE5h

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _

/0000001-000C0/0// 30 CO;d T INU A T ION I PAGE 9A

blLPS, W. N t h AC v aLJ .S HA VE bCCN CALCULATCU TO ILLUSTRATEAwLICnIlba tF I -11 b tL T Hlo t,LLuY IU AN t x ! S I 1.Nb ou. IL PL AC ETrC c.ux!5ILAL HE buL 1 b IN Cute TE AT LF nLACTGR ACClotNTL L'.a t L U L. .LE b , rsuLaulLITY FCu CL L D A M Ab1 Cut TV A NUCLtARsL A.. T F let Al YH it htANtLtNTAIIVt bah r1 A S n E E^4 ESilMATED.sALLC LF 21 x 1 C ( -, ) / et aN I - Y C A ,'< dab C ALLULA T EL , d1TH AN UPPCR,Lut 4 0 UF . u u I J /PL n.41 -v t A n. F1HE l be,1 T 10 '1, AUTUMATIC AND HUMAN;L I E C i l ut., C AT I NLU l bril . 4L AGLNI tFFLCTIVENtSb, ANv F1htunuPALAT1o.. tAVE L e t- N UtTcH11Nto 1O at Int uuMINnNT FACTGHS FCAL LJ S i s L N A l l uf. IN IttC a r.A LY L ! b LF A Fint bCtNAklu.

L V WO r4 0b rd L iv C A PL A.e l , 4dCLL Ah ; PR On Au l6.1 T Y ; F I HC ; 16;41 T I LN ; at A CTGH , bWR;| A LL 1 JLtd 1 MuuuLGFIHE sku I c.C T 1 LN|

| b/o/ G0 00 00 !-0u 00U /o/ / aiC E'.,b I U N 1. 0 . JL,AU1o*+ w d

IL- J. U!n E t, L L A L l a 4 %ti b i I LA i 1 T,N ts- Tite L O '4 0- T .I N E TEMPER < A I Ur< C b EM AV IO RLF A PAnfIALLY UNCUVtnLJ R t- A C T Lis C Grs t

JihDh(b) LnALHT FJRPAUTrt utbCLLLCMAF T F UR RC A A IUabl Lr1LR HE l i (LHS) Muh, F.H. GLHMANYiTh 1 *m u' P t- n

JL t.ht-A LJ + (.~AkbH-bvc +. 1; 7 ppb, FILL, JUNE IW0athl AUC uhn M e4' A IL e. V A I L ,.a A L I i Y - LUS Ale UlbILVtaIHL, OOC UME/4 T' MANAGtMENI bR Ai4CH ,

vivIblON OF lE C11 a l C %L I NFUW MA T IU:a t, vuCU.4 E N T CONTRLL, U.S.NUCLhAh n C LULA l b es Y C ONM l bS I Gle , dabHINblON, D.C.

2 iCuLnY va0000iaubOO1TILN OI o%P Lt,U L 4, Ab

.Urs i R v t,

LTHACI I :. The ta bt if U LF IC ltN f Laa 5AFLTY SY STEM S litC WIbK OF A COREnhLI LuaN aCLILCNT 1, blVEN. FOR A F UhT r1E R LUANTIFICATICN OFTHIL hlbA 1I 1S NCCC SS Afs Y Tu < Nun THE LIMIIING CO.401 T I CNS UNDERan!Lis A C o ,5 b wtMAING CUL LAO L F. ANJ A MtLT DC#N ACC10 TNT CAN OEPh iVEN i ta. lH E AIM LF lte P%tstNT RLPCHT Ib IO CONTRIBUTE TuT r t. ut!ERMINAT10;. OF T HC if C,Nv1110NS. IN THIS RtPUR1 THE T IM EOtsLNotNT UC sC LU PNei4 T UF The LOCAL 1 E .PCR A Tu r< tis ANU CLAUDINGCXILATICN IN A CCHC IL C ,.L C UL A T Es F Les TrJ CASE OF A POST LOCASYbTtM r a l L U nti LLaJING 10 A bl TU A T IO., nHERE A L .w h -C C H E 15var < T 1 A L L Y UNLaVCRt3 FOH A LONGth T I M s._ PERILD.

YAURJ5 %LALlLk, L dR ; ACC L UCtd T , LLbS LF CLLLANT;CHtMICAL stACTILN; COREM u_l D o a N ; CL A HJ Tc n P h u Gr< A M ; NU.4b w I C AL stE T MO U ; t N e w Gt NCY CLULING&Th.9CnATURE;rLUd, TWU PH ASE ;FUhd IGN h ACHAt4LE

c/u/0u00001-000007o// b2C!) S b l O N NO. u tC u t ta o l 7tlc L AF t r Y ANJ kt L I AelLI TY ASSESSMLNT. PRLCCEDINGS UF TMC COUASE

HELv nT IME LuuNCIL FUR SCIENTIFIC ANU INDUSTRIAL kh3tARCHC Cf4F E.sE N L E L t?t ir4 6 , LCIEdflA, PRdTLhlA, i:n-2 0 JULY 1979. (CONF.,.4 . J A I A ) (Cb2 Cb.s E24)

RPAUTH A l t M i t. CNENGY cOAhJ, PRLILhlA, bOUTH A F ed l C ATE 1979Ph Lvu bb/ ppb, 1 e79ALL AVAILAo[L11Y - A s M I N I S T rs A T I V d OFFICEh, LICENLING bhANCH, A TOMI C

L.Wmuy boAhu, PRIVATC aab X2bb, PkbTLRIA, G001 AT LA R40ICOLhv u 1000 0 i O'sO O O v; 2100 v 0 ; ISa uG O ; E50 00 0 ; i c 0 0001TILN O 12 0UNTGY Ab l.< At t IHIS kEPLhT LO r4T A I NL THC PAPthS Fh0M THIS CONFSHENCE. TMC

FLLLU4tNG I L P I CS A Cr< C DIOCU$bEul b AF E l Y STANvARub; LICENSING;o lt > L O L I L,.L tFFtCib GF W A v1 AT ION; 4 HA T lb A PWR; SAFLIYsklNCIPLab 1. a IHE U i.i b l L N GF NULLCAR NEACTU4; W A D l u-R ELE A SEn

ANALYbiSi 60 AL 1 T Y A b bu k A ;.C E ; THd S T AF F lt46, UWGANIZATION At4DinAININu FLH A NUCLtAh PLabH PLANT PnLJECT; EVENT TREES, FAULTT hcC b nNU PRLL*d!LIIY; aVTGMATIC PRCitCTIVE SYSTL4L; SOUNCES OFF Aluukt-~ AT C D AT A ; I;.T CR WCT A T 10 4 CF F A I LU Wt; DAfA; SYNInESI5Aha m L I AcIL 1i Y; uuANTIFICATIUN OF Hu '4 AN tiK H UR IN MAN-MACHINEbyb TEf L ; D i b PihS I GN LF NLXICUS Su o b T A NCES THwGUGH THEAINUSPHLLL; LHITILAL1TY ASPC L T S u l- E Nr< I CH M EN 1 AND RECCVERY-LANTb; ANU b l SA A. < D rtAZs nD eNALYblL. EXTENSIvt tAAMPLES AHEu lVE.4 Ab atLL AS CASC bTLUlES. (TAN)

fdORLS nCLIA51L1TY nN AL Y L I b ; S AF L T Y E V ALU A T l VN ;CODt- S At D STANDAWDS;.<AvlAllCN EFFELT, ECUbYL1EM;MUAAa F AC TCHS ; h AD I A T I UN LAFE TY AND

_ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _

_______ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ . -_

/0000001-00000/o// L2 CONTINUATION 1 PAGE 96

LL.4 T4 Lw ;f A CL T IkCL AN ALY';I b ;h Aal L ACl ! V 1 T Y FELEAtE;LICENbINGe n L L C :.> b

/ O/ 00 ud UU l-QO O uu / O/ / bC_C ab l u.. 40. OOAv!LO%e(Ld P4LnCALL U Lh n ' d MANUALI A COMPUICh e8 DOL.< A M FUa PNUGAulLITY

CALCULAIIUNb>THUH(b) l i .G h A M ( c ;; L Lx n I r1 JG

4PAU T tt bF.LWAL LLLLIRIC l. U . , b u t.N Y V A L t. , CALIF.

%Ie iSOOdHV .s&vu UCr-h-GU400 +. OL PFL, l '+ IAod, 10 PlGL, Adb. 19c0f it AvnlLoulLITY - L I M I T A T IUf 45 Ur, vibinlouiluN; dE t.u neuuESTS TO

Du T L C nc4 ! L A L 1;.r LnM A T I Old CcNits. P.U. BOA oc, UAK nlDGE.IthN. .- 7 e J L

TELUhY 2LObuo1 IlGN OIc4HP L O b r: ulCUNIHY AbiWALI irti b UbLh's * A .'.U A L LuCUNtNis THL M At stCM AI !C uAstb FUR. AND

L .s.>L n i t. S Tnt U5d UF Itr Cu met 1T d9 Cbut PhubCALC. e9tuCALC IS ALC-I I At SttAnt CUhuTc4 PhlGRAM, a.s l l T L :4 IN FunTHAN, HICH

. CutCUL TLb P.d t. A c I L 1 T I C S u t; utbLnETL 5 in TE LUuIC .LT*OHNS SUCHAb FAULl-lHEcb A;4b PWUbAh! Lily OLLCA JLAbHAMS (Pnub). THE* As L W FLATUx LF Tnt Pk u tn AM IL 1TL AaILIIY IU CALLULAIEu

veLuAulLITIEL b r- d u U tiL S hAVING UtPLt4 Dea r E vt N T s. IHEbtDLe'tNULntlLS dt5 ULT FRUM THC H LHNt bLa T A 110N CF A blNGLCP hY b l C A s C V L nT l il Mbht ThAN LNb e L #* C c I c4 ThL MubtL LUGIC. THISw A.' U A L iL Gk ItiN T cb TLnAdvb PLub aVT F AUL I -T REE S CAN LCCVALualt/ U 14 CIi Y ,Y ANL h l .40 THAT A.4 "At4 D a LATt 15 SYNCNYMOUS*1IH "bh w 1 A L " uLLLAL AND AN "Un" uATt Ib SYN ()NYNUUd A1TH"PANALLEL" b LO u S.

:.1 e U n u b PaOE Ac I L I T Y ; P nUL T I ;< t L A.6A LYb t 5 ; 3E NS 1 T IV I TY Ai4 A LYS I b ; COM PU Tt RWUUKA.4;ACCI it4I, tJkUoAuILITY LF

c/0/uGOOvu 1-0000070// S4;ChbbION NU. O GLO 1 o abu2}TLt xN ACCuPfAtLL FU TUst NUCLEAN C ritn b Y SY ST C MJTnUN(b) C hAN I A.4 4J ; F 1.< td AU G H MdWPAUTH INbT. FLk ENERbY ANALYblL. CAN klubE. ICNN.IC 15/9Ph LAU C F< AU /1 L A-cO ,( P ) +. 250 PHS, FROM GATLINoVHG II, CUNOCNSCO

*LemSHUF Ph u ti to l t.bb , 6 A TL I NL U x G . TENN., ULC. 10-12, 1979All A VA l uAb !LI T Y - i4 A T I ON AL T E Ch.'e l C AL INFUHMA T lurJ bbFsV ICE , U. b.

LLPAdfuhNI u r- CU WdwCC, :.,P41 NO F I C L D , VA. i 161b i t.b G n Y 010000;I/0000;100000;230000>lfIGN C 1J 3ikl* LUDt ICA)VN T h Y AiSfkACT IHib VLLuME tu .U4 A w l i E L TrC eWOCEdLINub GF IHE bECOND GATLINbURG

= Lt. A L MU P L.4 AN ALuCPIAnLd NU LL C A n CNtACY SYbIEM. IHIb #URAbHUP4Aa A b t t.UL L fu A Sl%ILAR LNL HCLO IN LATLINuukG, T E f.N t.ib SE E . INUtLLacca 19 7 t,. obTn 4twh SvuNbGnEU oY THE U C P A P T .wE N T LF ENEGGYAnb adkh C O f. VE Ni b uY THt INSTIIUTd fur ENthGY ANALYSIS (IEA) UFUAA M I 4t A S LU C I A T E L UNIVEkblTlbb.

;YwLkub t.-PL e t 4 F UHb tA L T ;N-PUa ER , LAFEIY CF; ENERGY SOUNCC; ENERGY PCL IC Y ;intluENT;hbACTCn, anH;SUL1O/PHILUSUPHICAL CONSIDERATION;SAFCTYt VALUA T IUN;b IT ING; THhth MILE ILLAND 2 (P.R)

o/3/0000001-0000076// S :,

iC b L I U . . NU. vuAGit2 uTd C L + U I L i< P A U (A na tubiA F L4 stLlACILIIY ANU AVA[LAuIL1TY CF

NLCLcAn PGah4 H.ANTb US 1 w ThC MLIHuo LF b FA IE A4,s L Y S I S (INdus A A 4 )

THJW(b) L Y'< .. 4LHLINL J ; A n E T itra H-M<PAU1H INTdRATLv GMrn, F . e4 . utRMANYYt 19ev8L .yr

VU 1atAl 3 ._ -4 4 , *+ :., + Lt s h bw-S oG +. 4._ b ppb, F1Gb, JAN. 1960NLUAGt GChMANAIL nVAILAb!LIIY - bub At1 DiblLVtbTdC. LOCUMENI MANAGEMdNT URANCH,

U1VlalLN CF lE(HNICAL 1:4FunM A f luN b uuCU;4ENT C Cr4 T N GL , U.S.NUCLC,w es t.bu LA I G k V CuMMlbS!Un, d A b H I N G I ON , O.C.

_ _ _ _ _

/0000001-vuvLu?O// bb CONTINUATION 1 PAGE %

sORY 0100JL;0900JO;fa0Gv0IC1 Olid .

Tky aT.t aC l I s ai MU.. T C -C A . L o Cod._ ZUS T A SIMULATLS Thd OLMAVIUR OF A NUCLEAR

#C hR PL A;. T ud s l w NLkM A L GPCRATION Ab *CLL nG ACCIDENTb FCn AFIALL ** C h ! U O . TMt CLUL lb m'slTTtN IN FORTRAN txTtNUCU VERblLN-+ Fo< T t iC C D -C Y u t_x 172 C LM r>U T t h . IHt AtAL1ZATIGNS OF PLANT#L x A T I U 4 L1.ULAICJ oY 2.UL Ta AkE SUuJECT TU A STATISTILALtVALUATlo.. Y!rLDINo L T A TE-5sECIF I C uuaNT I T IC S LisE FMLOUhNCYLF GCCUAnLNCt. MEnN .AIT ANU L T AT E-+'h 0G Aa l L I T Y AL DELL AS THE.,1 :21nidUiIGN OF Ihd /sNNU AL (RAulLACT1VL) RELdAbd AS AN UVERALLW I S A -n C L A TC J HuaVLT.

EV.uRO5 utN M A r4 Y ;.VUN i t. LA >.LG ; COMP U l b s PWLGkAM; FAULT TmhC ANALYS1S;A V A I L Au f L 1 T Y pe u.4 La PLANT, NUCLLAm;HCALTurd, F AS T ;FUwE l GNL M.M A..G C | h d L 1 A bl L I T Y ANALYL1S

| e /u / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 0 0 00 7 0// boCCELLIO:4 Nu. GLLOI:.2 Mo3TLL SLLVING hE L I ,-u lL I T Y AUDELS UF t.UCL E AN SYSTEMSUVHJH(b) UGYLN LnATC 19/7YPL LC '40 IG FHL, tAUL C ul..Gb 197/ ANNUAL hCLIAtiLITY t, MAI N TAI NAu lL I TY

NYvedblow. Pe. J ii'-J 1 (JnN. Ic. 19/7) (PAPER 1*400 . 77RMO5o)ATtuuhY usouv0;L50v00J I TI LN u lieDUhraY a.2 d T < AL T 1:. T ril b I N u bT I G A T I V t S T LO Y IHt aUTHOh DdRIVES A MARADVIAN

b la T t-T R ANb l I L UN UIAURAM FLH tmhmLL I Ao ! LI I Y/ AV AI lao ! L I T Y /M AINT A IN Abl L I T Y MCDCL UF A TYPICALCLUL A.w T -* A T C k SY ST CM FOR A fiuCLEAH-kCACTUR PG.eEM-GENEHAT!UNPLA;. T . IH15 SYS TCM MAS A CUNLIOEhAcLE AMOUNT UF HEDUNJANCY INZLVIPMENI. '4 H t T I M t b-U t l e d E N-t- A a L URC OodY THE ,,' A PO NEN T I ALanLb At> 1 L 1 I Y La u FGR tLEC(RCNIC CLUIPMbNTS ANO i i tC NURMALe4 L J A u l L I T Y LA 4 r- U R MLCrt AN I C AL APP ARA l ub. Tnd TIMt:3-T O-HE P A 14U bE Y THE LGbMJRMAL PwuMAc!LITY law FGH CLECTmCNIC LOUIPACNTSAND IHE NCAMAL PnooA ulLi TY LAW FOR McCMANICAL EGulPMENTS. FORE LL V I . 0 ihE . O LE L ANALYTICALLY. IME AUTHOk GFFEHS THC USE GFthc CLMFU TC H ALGURITHM A F A t< b ( ALGO T 1 T HM FOR ANALYZ(NG THCWLL I AL 1 L & TY IF dYbTtMb) hb CLViSCO. t- UR SQLVING TMt MUDEL GYCLaPUTCN b l MLL A T I GN . -ti hti cu tt tND b THE USE OF A bIMULATIUNP ALori A M LUCH AS GL r< T S . G ASP . Uw GPSS. ( C .i H )

<YWJhub aLLIAcILATY d4ALYbl5ihELlALILITY, bYS TEM . TrCURt T I C ALINVE S T 1 uA T 1 C..; A.S AL Y T [C AL MUJtL;CUMPUTER PRCGWAM

o/0/ 0 0 00 vu l-Ou v 60 7o// 57LCE W lON Nd. 00(.01026 %~ TLC A PRub At,lL I S (! L APHHGACH TU JCSIVN FOR THt CCCd UF A PWR

l e tO A ( : ) u AC nU T eIL 1977

a>C L*'L 11 ppg. e'h C C L C D ilw b 5 1977 ANNUAL RtLIAc!LITY L MAINIAINAblLITY

5 Y N e u *a ! U M , P t' . J ,.Li- + L ( J AN . le. I9/7)(PW ER 14o1. 7 7T-10 5 / )I t ui,h Y 0%Q06 ; 25Gv0 0ITILN O 12 2UNTRY A

'dT4ACT IN I tt i b biUUY, A FAULI-Thtt sNALYblS AND A PR0dALILISTIC| E VALV A T ILN AkC U$tD 10 C L?iP AME Tait DI FFE 4 TNT TYPED UF UESIGNS.

3 ASC D uN A vlFFtwCNT CHUEx O t- nduuNDANCY FUN Tht MMERGENCY CORECLt2 L I NG SY b T tW 0F A 1300 Ma PRESSURle2D 4 A TC k REACTUR. THEdFFELTS LF MAlNTCNANCC A m3 C:~. M k.Uca - C A V E E FAILunEG AkE TAKEN INTOALCOUNI AND nP I-C A A TU dE MCad ANC VUh ti IMPORTANT 4 HEN 1 h ti'2 Y b T c. N N L;.; UN OA NC Y I.%htASEb. (CnH)

YuukJS HLLIAoIL1IY d4 AL Yb l S ;hhL l A c I LI T Y. S YS T EM ; PkLa Ao 1L 1 TY ; W E AC TC4P AR ; tNd kUJNC Y CUuLING dVSTCM. FAULT Tr<LC AN AL Y S I L ; COMP Aril SCN ;vlblw4 LIUOY ;F Al LURE , CO .wM GN AOud

c/0/UvuGOOl-CO00076// bbCC L S I C.N ;va . OOCO1026v4tlc NUCLCAs PUALn e-t_ AN T MCLIAuILITY AUDII bTnUH(L) E Sb l N b t '4 TIC 1977

PE LMU a PPS. Ph0CC ED INbb 197/ AN N Us k RCL1AdILITY b MAINTAINAo!LITY

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

/0000001-0000070// ou CU 4TINU AT IGN I PAGC 47

c, v'iP O b l L d , P e, a*J-3nb ( JAN . 16, 19 7 / ) (IJA PC R 19u2, 77RMOb6)sUGY U%Ov00; COOT >b10., G 11' 2

4 thy a

f - aC l 1 -P k U V I NG ..JLLdAH Pu d t- h PLANI RhLIAblLITY IS ONE OF THE MOSTFnulIfUL W A Y *, LF LPTiM1 ZING A ufIL1IY'L 4C T V.. 4 O!4 I Nv ti S T MC N T .Lt.ide 41LY, FeuklDA PU4CR 6 L iba ti LLMPANY 16 tAIHAClING UbtFUL1..F LM M A I l Ui4 F% UM f.V. IL ROU L bL u n tC ', THAOUGH AEL I Ats ! L I TY AUJ! TS TOt r.tn C A nt PLa.4I n t L I At, l L I 1 Y . T ein U ULH aN Ou bA N 14E D N A.J AuCME NTAeP,UALH, V a a l LU L ICCHN1 CAL s1LCIPLl;,d5 Jula FChCEL TU CATndhPCh T I ANI IleFUn%iluN, eviH bPCs!FIC nNU LENCt< I C , CQNCCRN!NbIra F A 1 L::D C t M PG .s t c.1 , 11*2 A A l ., I L.4 a NCL HI3TUdY, AN D 1IbSLPPLitn. AFTLH i nt- TtAA AN A LY Zti d TitC O A T A. IT 4AAC5

| n .J.U A;/tNU AT I t N L Fun LOaktCilvE AC T IUta TU THubc LAPAULL OFA C:11 t v 1. .t. Ii. ( E n ri )

:YduHbb 4Lla.21LiIY a.4 AL Y L 1 b ; hE L I An ! L I TY , CUA r*ONE N T ; AV AIL Ab lL 1 f Y ;POWEH< * LA N I , .auCL E AW ;O U Ac I I Y AbSuhANCC

h/0/OOv0001-OOOvu7o// 29.CtLSIL.,NO. U CC u l t c. c9 31ILL WL I Au l Li l Y ab :,jI L LA h N T P LJ, t1L A / Y .<4Ct11NCitY CY "MI-FMECn" METHOD>Iflu s ( b ) u.sAJA s;VIAI M ; Lc,O L C R A4TC 1%(/NC L

'10 / PP3, P n U C L Lu l i d L :,, l 's 7 7 AN NU A L nCLlAu!LITY (, MA INT AI.4 Aa lLI TYi Y M P u b l u.4 PP. 493-ac ( J Aid , lo, 197/)(PAPEh 196J, 77hMOb9)

*IbGUnY 09VOOOi100000;d5v000itTIL'e vlum.vN T h Y a.LlanCT let " N I -t- N C C A" STANub F un H I TACHI-F AI LURE Muut. CFFLCT AND

Cali1CA6!IY ivJ AL YS ! 5. AI H1TACHI 40 RAS UF r11 T ACH I , LTU. INJ AP A|1, It115 it kl Ad l L I I Y AbbCSSMEtT METHOU I " H I -t- M k C A " ) HAb UEE Nu tt u AND Ph t Ad f 4 Tu ML r1L LPF UL IN CLblGNING A .N U ANALYilNG TnEuLb!vN L t- HC sV Y tGUIt2NENT FOh POWCH GCNE9ATINu ,T A T 10N S . T nt:',ANC TY PL Gh MUDcL UF 4H ICH I5 SCLOUA nLPRUDUCCD. TMIS PAPE4WILL Ps dtdt.T T HE "H I -+- M t:CA" i* E T hub r.s f kANS OF IttC EAANPLES FORAN nUXILIANY b Yb l D1 L t- A NULLEAR PO*CR GENdHATli.G PLANI. (EWH)

Y aWW Ub atLlablLiTY AN AL Y b i b ; R CL I A t31 L I 1 Y , CL'i PONtN T ; F A I Lukd , COUIPMENT;FAlLUML NUUh A NA LY b l b ; J A e'AN ; Ai4 ALY T I ca L TECMaIGUC; ELECTRICPua;N. A U A I L l A RY ; t,c.N cN A T ua , ulCSCL

e /0 / 0 0 00 0 01 -00 0 00 7 b/ / oOCLbbloN NG. O G L U l t,c.; h9 2

iLL LYblCM PubhAvlLIdTIL bTuulC5 AT THC NULLtAH WLCULATGkYCD.M i b 5 t DN

IHOhIS) VLSLLY n r: ; P 1 IT s'. A 4 4 Ju

IL 1977Pt'. L

i'P b , PhuC h r.O IN G S 197/ sNNUmL RELIAalLITY 6 MAINIAINAa!LITY90 4

LYWUL1UM, PP. 3 co _1 (JAN. 10, 19 7 7 ) ( P Ai'C H 1459, 77M 005)ICLu n Y u9vov0 ; <aOO o uiTI U.4 uliiUN1 R Y Abl< ALT THid P a t'C 4 b ni tF L y n !bt1L 10H TL SCAC OF THE nGRA 1:4 PhGb A ts lL I S TI C

m .aL Y S h b c C li.u CA841CD UUT AT THC NUCLEAM REGULATLnYC Lew I b b I L N . I Fti PANTICULAN mLh6 blaC N 1 bd D , LUVt41NG SOME CFTNG5C AWAS IN dHICH THE AU T r10h S Akt UIRCCTLY INVOLVED, ISORUKet. It4TO SY SI CMS EVALUATION STUDICS, HUMAN ERHCK AND SYSTEMuuANTIF1CATIuJ T E C rir4 i G U C L . A .vu CuMPUNENT DATA ANALYSIb STUDICS.(tah)

Y aC W Ub htLlaoALATY ,W aL Yb i b ; PHO L A u ! LI T Y ; Avi: 4CY , NHC;htL1Aul 1TY,LY' I ti .-i i DL b l G ca LT UdY ; AN AL YT I CAL Td tr1N I GUE ; F AuL 1 I h e ti ANALYS[S

-/0/0000001-0000070// oIL C. b b l L T J NL. U U.J u l t e n 9uIL kckumi TL I*tr Pn C b li, t N T ' s ( O M M ! b:., I LN UN THE ACCIDENT Al ThaCE

t IL C 1 e L A. D 1 la LitN I C AL ,.b bC bd MC a I IAbA FGRCd MCe>LRTb VUL. I*bUMAAHY

l t id h ( b ) JAFFd LIt ! Yc,0

>C L40 9u ppb, rlGS, "Crb, P W UG HE S S If4 4UCLM AR ENChGY, 6(l-a), PP.

1%O (19eO)ICLOhY 1/0 00u ; I .'OuO u; O R 0000 ; G b0 00 01230 0 00

_ _ - _ _ _ _ - -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ _ .___--__ _____ __ __ ______ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ -____ - ___-____--__ _ - .

00 00 001-OO O Gu ? r // of CONTINUATIUN 1 PACE 96s

UN O l i'i

ikY U4 A (. T C Lv4 I A 1.4L : L LN - t A n Y b L ou t NC C LF LVLNTS AND ANALYbCS GF CCAE

ba ALL. I t iE h .. A L HYJhAULILS. LnCM 1 b TR Y . T H I .2 DCCAY POWER ANDribblLN WUDWib, C O N T A ! ;,M E N T t F F E CT i v CNC b b , R ADI A TICN.. LL L A a d S , n L ic. nN A T I V t cJtNT 5bLuthCtS. TMI-2 51Td MANAGEMCNT.vetkATANb PE Lb t.N NLL , C L.. T h bL ALIJM CchlCN. PNUCE)UnCS,'. 1 4U L A l u n d . uaVIPACNT Cu t.htin v A l l 5 M . SAFtTY DCSIGN AANGINS, PCQVv C L I L 'd Ai4U P t N P Gni4 ANLL . Lut e bCN b A l l POL l bill t46 SYSTCm. UA.LCCUWITY. PALT ACCIJENTS AI i. U C L C A h F AC IL 1 T ILb, COLT UF THEnLClutNT, I L L I Nd FILIER PERFtRMANLE. ANs W A ,a N 1400.

h Y 41W L b [ 4.L I JC N T ; I hn LC AILc idLAhu 2 (P4R);REACTuH, Pa R ; T ritRM ALnYuk AUL I C AN ,,L YS 1 b ; L ;* T A IN Mc; 4 I ; LO N IN U L P AMEL/R OUM;F ISS IGNm<cDUCi, ! UO l'4ui 3CCU h I T Y ;UPE W A TI Nb CAPEk1ENCC;F165ILN PRODUCTNfLEALt;

Io/u/UvoJOOI-UOuc070// ocCCE b b l u. I NU. O Lt G I Le Ja ciTLC n Lerivt stLIAMILITY ANALYSIS CF T r-E DIGITAL kEACTUR bhUTUOWN

SYL1hM AuT Ln:tA It Ar<CHITtLTUNtSJit10h (S) scach5 TLshPsUTH . C L T l i4 G ns. U SC E L.i C T R I C CLnP., *4 A b t S LN , PA.tic 1'.( ofvC 1

wo a Ax a -d n -'A v o u- / +. 110 PP S , Fibb, ntPS, APRIL 19o0/alL %sa!LALILITY - LIM 11ATIG.b Cid O l bT Al mVTI ule ; SE.4b htGUCSTS TO

JLc I C CH4 41 C A L INFGR.4 A r lor. CCNTER. P .O . nbx ca, GAA alDGE,itNN. a lt 3 G

11 E oC r. Y 09u000;Eav000>l| ION ule1We* CLut .. to

JUf 4 TisY %

. b f .4 AC I T hi s LivsY C VA 6.U A Td u IHE RELIAblL1TY CF SIx vlFFEhCNTA r,a A 4 G c.M n N I S OF LIGITAL Ar< CH I T EC I Und b F Cr< THE WEACTCn SMUTGUwNSYaf M iu bc UEVLLUPtD F U< USC IN A LARGd bhEtDER r<EACTCReL A.J T . I ht- e 'U H rJCSt UF Trt SIUDY dA5 TO PRCVIDE THIS WEL AT IVE

LL I Att i LI T Y 1:4t-U M 4 A T ION HICH CLULU at CaMolNCU alTn hESULTSFhCM L btM GU tN I h / ALU A T I Lt45 LF FUNCTlbMAL AN D PdkFORMAr4CEntGUthbXulb UN T r1E S C AR Cr11 TCC IUhC S TO ULTIMAFELY SELECT THEb 'r S T E M IU oC DLvCLOPCs. ( E a rt)

Y4.sub aCS T ! NGhGubb ;8 LL i Au I L 1 TY A A ALY S i b ; rNG o Ab ! L 1 T Y * F A UL T TWECA Na L Y L I L ; I NS 17 UM Lis T , O lu IT AL ;CbMPU ICR CUf 4 i RGL ; 5MU T 00 4N SYSTEM,SCCG..J A R Y ; h t AC T O R . cRcE0Ek;RtACTok, LV,FBR

o/0 / 0 0 00 0 01 -0 G 0 L0 7 b/ / oJ'. CL5 b l G : 4 NL. OOA01cEaccILc WLACi! CAL Mt IHLD b FUa c5IINATING THE CGNF I DENCd LEVEL UPwE9

a LU rau 0F A r: 1. 4 LM I A L lad ACCJnUING TO THb NUauCR UF UcSCRV6DFAILuht5 (ING uul..u THE zr. h G FAILUht CASE) (IN F R E NCit )

' I hG h ( S ) b ILi4Ci C T JP;QLRLIN JHm PAU I H CCA scPAxICMLNT ali LUNCTC NUCLCa1RE. FRANCEl i. 19eOPC i.

40 a b.4 2b3 F4h5R-2/1 +. 17e PPS, FIGS, AbFS. MAnCh 1960+

NGUAud U THLn L Ai46AIL AVAILaulLIIY - LUbaN Ol b lLVE d THed . JCCUMENT MANAGEMENT ERANCH,

D IV I S ION GF IEutNICAL I Nt-URM AT I Cia L UCCUMENT CON T R OL , U.S.N UC L c A R Wt bu LA TO R Y CUMM I SS I ON , an Stil N GTON , D.C.

.ILLCRY vIOOOO;E20v0v1 TION ule1UNIRY FL IR AC i Tntb RCPUWf 45 A PH A C T I C /.4. # LR K.1:4G TUUL FOR ALL Titt RELIA 3IL1TY

-.,G I Ne t R 5 T h Yi NG IU EVALUATE ti I T r1L R A FAILUHc PrkUb Ab IL 1 TY AS AFUNCTION uF c x esti n l M L NT S *ESULib. Un A NUM B ER OF EAPERIMENTS 1CPt% FORM Ab A F UN C T I V.4 UF A PRu b Ab lLI T Y FIGURE TU PRUVE. ( Cn H)

Y muk 06 P,,Le Ab i t i T Y ; AN AL Y I I cal rECHNIGUEiFAILURC Muut ANALYbIb;TrCOnt1ICAL IN VC b II G AT 1U.4; WELI AuI L ITY ANALYS1b;FOHEIGN EACHANGE;t- H A N C E

S /0 / 00 00 001 -00 v GV 76/ / 64CCSblaN NO. OCRolodabOTLE NUCL=AR SAFh lY AND nCLIABILITY FNblNCERING* SELF-ACTUATED

a t sd i dU d N SY S Iti Y D E V c L G P M tt. T ANN UA L eHOGRESS RCPGRT FOR T HtiPtRIUs hNultb LC P T E f1LC R cO. 19, 7 9

||

_ __ _

.

0 0 00 001 -0 0 0 0G 7 6/ / 04 CUNTINUATIGN 1 PAGE 99

A (S ) i UP P C ,. A.;CLLPLR Yti; 5 = Cf h0 N Ctu Ttt at :,7 I . .G ht su S E hLtCT7IC LOrP.. MAuISON, PA.

IWG6

0 .v i T. D -b n M o b t- +. % ppb, FIGb, WLF S , MAkCH I *s o OJL AulLntlLliY - Llu!inflONb L:4 v l a t e<l uu llute ; btNL ntuulbfS 10

a t .c T Ln.! CAL 1. J t un. A T ! u r. Ct;Jrin, P.S. oOA 62, unA RIDGE. TE NN .a 76 ;u

. I L G u 6. Y 0900001.idbvLs i r lL 4 Olm iLfeb Lin,- utaQualwY Aob1AACT A Rt b ! ct. FUw A S tLF- ACT u AT LU StLUNsAN Y SMUl L L W s4 SY stb M WAS

w iiV L L UP Eu 'A h (C M CUNblbTb Ur A RU;s T Y P C n d S Ces e t h A abriMb LYl .vPrCRILu oY A I t 4PE,* A T Ube-E tNS I T I VE E LE C T is O V A GNE I . 6Y*

t'A I E n 1 A t dITH A CUxIC TEMPLaATUAE COMe>ATInLE a1THbt'L e t i I N L **Trt rULL t,Pt ,A Tli40 1LMPtnATUntb, T hti SUPPOAI SYSTtM nab bEENst.b l 6NC u bG lnAl A NEACluk UVCRPL4LR UR UVER T EMeth' A TURE1 h A 4 S I Cs.T aILL CAUSE THE '4 A ICH I AL TO d tC O t4E P A R A.4 A CNC T I C A .ND TOntLL hu lht AnbunnCR AbbtMLLY. L Ub bC LUE. 41 CFFONTS AtdCaluCCiCa AI di MO NS Th A I I .40 P h t,OF L t' PkINCIPAL CY buCCCEEFULTtbI5 1N A n G LA ANJ bLL IU M. (Cet)

CY.4tWvb A C V I c 4 ; tbl 1 : .b r eu u bd i nt L I Ab l L I T Y , bYbitM;HbACToei SHUTOO#N;,hursutJN bY b 1E M , bCCUt.Un t Y ;tou t e ntNT UEVELOPMENT;M AnD OPnCO.tA.*;acACTa n , te i LO Ch i ri b A C T Uh , L vF t3R iwCLI AU ! L 1 T Y ANALYSIS

c /u/ OL UO Gb 1 -O O L L v 7 L/ / obL LC 9s [L.. NU. OOJu!ci;4511L2 siit et1N15IIL CR1IEWIA V c a b ur., Ph La Ab I L I 5 I ! L ANALYSCb:

r. a A :11N I NG TttL 61 %Le FAILunC AND SEPA HA T I GN CR 1 T L'41 AJ T H.16 ( L ) 4._ A v d h waahPAUTM o AaCQu L .e i LC LX , L Y NC r ic Uti b , VA.% IF 1%OY P F. 1,

t90 1O PPS, l A L.b , 4 FIub. a4 R EF S , NUCLCAR TCLhhCLU6Y, VLL. 47,._

HP. d L 4 -9 4 ( t E o. 19ou)ICbOnY u'<0Gou .ceduO O; le 0000%

J I 11 C;4 u Ic 1MRP CULP MLsuisI% Y A

AUJ 4 Ua TsbTsaCT T hl P41MawY FUhPUSE UF Ut5IGN HE GU INLNCN T CR1TdRI4 FON WhACTCR

bnF L TY LY b T t Nb 15 IU OCT TER ENSURC Tnt ADECu AC Y UF SAFETYC Yb T d o. LES IG N, IME bLNGLE PAILURE ANJ iPAAATIGN Ch I TEN I A GE IN GCnStb IN PUINT. rlad hv Cn , bTnICT AehtRCNCE TC THCb2 TauCn1ICNIA, fos CAAMPLt. AnY ACTUALLY kEbULT IN A LESS THANG r i l w.L sd L i v. J I c4 TCNMS t,F bYSitM W C L I Ab l L I T Y . n u n t<,1 N o WITHINT Fl' SP! KIT te IntbE Cn!ILRIA. AN I NT C G n A T I ON OF thohAnlLISTIC7.ns LY LC L [*J l o THE L1CCNbING nLVliW PnGCCSS r: OR SAFETY by ST C:4stE I U.. AbuLJ KtEULT IN A NChC RELIAtLC S Y S TE M, anICM, AFTERA ._L , Ib THC IN IC;.T UF vt TE & IN is 4 I C Cd1IEaIA. CU R.iC N T.-,s L s Aa l L i s T I C A4ALYbib I LC HN I L UC ::, AA AOEQUxTb FLW bVcN CCVPLEXL-FLTY SYSTLN LtSIGNL. ( E 'a n )

.YaakOS st.LTUH Pa0TCCTiba bYSTbx;DCbloa CR I T tN I A ;PR CO Ab lL I TY ;E xA 41'. A T ILN ; cl NutC rAILU8E Ca1 Tbn 1ON; I:4,CPENGdNCE ; HELI Ac IL ITYNAL Yb i S i SaF LT Y ANALYbI5

6/0/ 00 00 001-v0u00 76// oo.CC:> b I Ui. NO. OLE u i 00 79;ILd 4LCLEnh r G .4 d n 6-1. A. J T rInh P40TECT1UN - PnILObuPnY AND ANALYblSiTHUA(b) O~4 k y JL, lit 4 U T t t 5 MID I A ' A I I U NA L LAdb., A LJUG LCR GV L , N.M..

it 1900'PC hMG '- A . 0 c G - 0 ., J 4 +. 70 PPS, 7 TANS, tu FILS, c4 A Y lyc0>

A1L A V A IL At: 1._1 T Y - NATICNAL IECH.1CnL INF ORM A T ION ben / ICE, U. 5.v EP s.i T N CN I t , t- CD LM C a ct , bedINGFltLJ, VA. i_1161

l hb t N Y 1._U L v L i i,.,0 0 G L

1iION OI1e'RP CUDC AUA.UNTwi ,,

binALT ! # ti b htPshT CO . b lN b b A F IRE ,EVENITY ANALYLib TECHN! LUC ulTH AF AUL I TkCC M t T r,0 L U L C u Y F LH AbbEbb1u0 THE IMPCWTANCE TC N UC LE A ReL .v C n PLANT SA Fd T Y u t- CZ RT A l ra COMh lNA TICNS OF COMPONLNTS AND

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

/0000001-0000076// on CO.oTINUATION 1 PALE I00

b i b i t.M b . C rt AR + C I C d l a I I C S UNIGUL IU t- I R C . SUCH Ab P.iUP AG A T I O Nl i .U U C c u eY T ru e A!LUnt UF b a ke< l t N b , MAVL DEEq INCORPORATCD INTOitt 4s; I hosGL tu Y. 3Y APP LY !..o T rit RdbutlINb FlhE A.J A LYS I ST r.CHl! o ut TO ACTUAL CUNuiTluNb ruuNu IN A AEP4ESENTAT1V64 0C t A N P LM E . . r-L A i 4 T . IT 15 FLU 40 THAI LO t4 C LAFETY AND NLNbAFETYanLAb Ani U U lti ri l Gr 6L Y VULNEhAbtE TO FIRE SPhtAU ANu IMPORTANTfu uV5 HALL bJ TTY. an1Lu UTHtk AncAb PsGvL Tu et uF MAdblNALlyeus1,NLC. a v6 LC b 11C Nb AnL NAUC FLn FUR 1ht% E APLR I MC '4 T AL ANDA:.ALY1tCst uwA To SUPPL LAtN T Int Flkt ANALY0lb A h i r1LD .

Yauhub e' 1 x L PKt.T CT iu..; F i nc ;PG 4 LR PL A;4T . f.uC LE Ah ; F AUL T THEL ANALYSIS

6/0/0000001-000C07t>// o/CChabION NU. Uudo 1 Lv ha1TLt METMou eth T i ti CSTIMATIUN LF f rth REblDUAL th A Ud 1r4 ThC SALPa

nr-940ACh run FAULI IntE #44 AL Y b ! ST tta n ( b ) C or. T 1 :.1 b ; A b id LF i MhuAufH JGi 4T i t :. C A h v1 CENrhc. I LP h A ES T At,L I LHMCN T . ITALYIt 1900Pd HAO h o /bu +. oo PPS. ALF 5. 19uu

VA16 AvnILAtLLITV - cUhueLAN CU A:40NITY I Nr- 04M A T ION SEkV[C . 2100 MLT.. N. .. LLt TC /07. aA bstlN LibN , D .C . 200L7

ILbCnY USObuO;c40COuI i ! L-e O 1IuUNThV I

sSTAACT MANY A.4 ALY I I CA L ALuo n ! I r1M5 Aa0 CLAPUTdk PRObkAMS rt A V E bELNucVCLueLu FOn int ANALYblS OF Faut 1 T A t- t S dHICH A s ti uASED UNT .O LIFFthENs nP PRO A ct iEL . Irfc " A POL T E tt l u ft ! " ANU TMC "Ai+b!vht". la T rt' LAIICR ONLY IhE MLbi blGNIF IC AN T AINIMAL CUTaLid (MCL) A{ b t a n L Ht.D FCH ni4D lhc J THCR S A h.:. ;LuLCLTCD. THEUNLY LdJuCTILN t A sE 10 T r11 b APPR L ACr1 IS THAT Tlft U$tn CANNGT4. a b $ ~I r1C O V E h A LL PROuAd l LI T Y UF THt bCT OF NCGLCCTCG MCS. TMISx Er'C H I I LLublR A I Eb T rtC ALouR IT nML INPLEMEtJTtD I:4 T rtC 5 A LP-MPCLDh FUH T rit C C T 1 '.A f ICN LF T s 11 L P H Lts A d it. I T Y On hESIDUAL ENROR.

LY AURDb F ALL 1 IkLL n i 4A L Y S I S ; t. A k u h ANnLYS!b;CdMPUTEQ pro brtAM ;I TALY ;CL.e*uTLR PRO or< A:a

6/0/0000001-00v0070// 6c~CeSSIGN .4L . OLJul6077d' T LF. U P.nV A I L no ! L I T Y LF CO MPON EN T S nlTH I Nb PCCT ION ANu REPAlk(HO,lb) /AUHlu JAIh 19/9PL U4U lb PPS, 8 Flb. O r bF C. NUCLCAR ENGINCERING & DLb!GN. b4(3). PP.

JL9 c4 (NOV. I9/9)LTLGLHV i 10000 L O 1000 0; 17 0u0012J0 00 ue!IILN O 11 o)UdThY a|Anu NCOCdToACT A bdNLhAL sc r LF INTEGRAL EuuATILNb AND SOLuf10Nb MAVE sEEN

LLIAINtD Fun ftC UNAVAIL MILIIY Up STANDdY C OM PG.4 CN T b . THE* LU L L U di h Gw4csaL FAILUrd f l w ti . ftbf DUR A T l uN AND kdPAIR T!vEu t b 1 'i l o u l l LN o. R AN DLit F AILURbb Ab 4LLL AS CUN T Hl au TI C Nb FHOMi sb.% A N IESTINb unmGHS AND THUt JEMANDS HAVb tith N T Ar; EN INTOnCLUUaf. uP T I NA L TE S T I Nb/1.4bPLC I IGN IN TE R VALS NAVE LEENJL T A int v Fbk P8ACTICAL 1..b PEC T L ON POLICICL. (FAM)

:YwGhub M AI N rCN A;4LC sND hCP A 1R ; AVA ILabl LI TY;Cu UI PMEN T ; ENG INCCRCD SAFETYFE A T Uht ; ANAL YT IC AL MLDEL ; I NSPCCT IGN;F A ILUHt ; I NC IDCN T . HUMANJ_ ha C R ; T C b T I ar ER V AL i WLL I Ab IL IT Y ANALYS1S

c/u/COGOOOI-00GOU76// o,

iCSb aLN .7b . OvHCluG740IL. L(Au LU M ANxIlb.1 9 8 u b.< A M . PNLGREbb nE PO f< T NU. S

J i t t: .a ( S ) C rC U ts ;u l L. wd F.4 ; u u T T ON JCWP%U1H L ,.a R E . C C L I V td .% U h L lab.. CALIF.TC two.Pt Gvis :.LR t G /c k-l o J . + UC l a -l o b v. +. So Hb. FIGS. SEPT. 19eoAll A%AILAo!L1TY - NAIILNAL TCCH 41 CAL INFLRMAIILN Std ICE. U. 5.

uCP A R TALN T U r- CUM %sCL. ::P R I NbF I C Lu. VA. 22to1IhouRY IL0000;11OCO0;23000C1IIUN O1IeNP CGDE LiCUNTRV A

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .______ ________ ___ ______.

0 0 00 001 -O G t t o tr3/ / os CD 4TINUAY IOra 1 PACE 101

aCl .. %L w A LL . b J t L I IV E., s, Nt ! LLVLLUP A MhfMOJOLobY FON APPROPHIATEL .. .os1 . A T & O N .t s Y' J A :11 C LLAU5 Fv4 N UCL E Af t PGuCR PL A;4 T b UNCCR. Lei N A L r% Ai . i U rt h a T I U:4. TRANLitNTS. ACClJENTS, ANJ NATUwALeA a,ssu. tLTackiLH v t L i 0:4 C ., ! I C ,. I A . LUAO FACTCHL. A!.Ds uM P w .t . . I be nV ICt Lbvht5 F Gi< A res u P-< ! A l t CC% I t. A T I ON s UFU YN A'41 C LAUL L'< ist Pt > N b C.s . s t i t- 6 41 N C IHC hCLIAblLITY OrireICAL c le t .6 bYb1 CAL. ,o I n I;4b i ut ANG OUTbIRE T rtC LCNT AI NNEN T>T.= U t i d % . A.> exuV!JL I t,c N r. L mifH A SUUNa Tk Ltl.. I C AL :5 ASIS FORstFININv ThC ChlTtnlA Fun PLLT ULA T i?.L PIPh cdEAAL. UCTENMINElbt P.s u t:AalLITicL UF A LAnuC LUCA lhvUCC) UI AEL TLY .- i . OI ; ,v I . ._ L T L Y .'i Y n mANbu UF E AH I HUUA4 SL. AcPU4I G I V C ;., a G C NE '< A Lv JLs, IP 1 It.a tF THc F es uGw n4 oY PmuJLLI AWO TAMS, TLGcIHCh nITHe1.ANCIAL SU .-e4 -n l C : . T C Ca r elCaL HCPURT b LCNCRATEU. ANJ ME C T I..G

g ATTF QA.4Ct. ( F A r1 )(v-URvL P U C ., PLANT, :.LCLCad ; W L IGN ; Th ANLI dai ; ACC IDtNT i kiLI AL I L I TY

A. .a t y L I L ; H T. u c A o f u l T Y ;P l e * E L ANO P1PC F 1 I r I N GS ; r1JC A ; NR C--< M

o/G / L C 00 001 -00 v vu /u/ / /OLt h 5 ( U.. NU. uuJU L LU7WT L ._ c' e,u u at i L I T Y c A ;i v O C S IG.4 Ca l TCHI A FOh n.U C L E A R STsuCTukESi t to k ( 5 J Av I J s A NAw-UIH andL%. I t. LU; a Y. CHILAGU. !L .IC 18 c0

P C. L9J c PPh. '+ I An b. 1C K C r- 6 , .UCLCAk C.w l .4Eh k 1 .G L vtblbN. 59(1).

. Ph. I s /-J L4 (J UL Y 19co) (F RUM uTH SAAR1 CGNFChtt4Ct. AUG. 1979)h l a, U, Y IIGOLL; aLLovpl floa Olle(,.<P L t i c ._ .2 t t

(,U'ilHY A[ At: 4 .ibt3bt hCI P h C ' , C .'. T S A NETHOGULLOY F Ln OtVELUPINb PRobAbILISTIC DESIGN| C 6 1 T F. ), IA FLR NUCLtAh 5ThucTUhEb. T rtC MAIN FCATuhCL OF THE

4LrstubuttGY -RE CALI3RAIIUN. bCCUfebd GMENT SAFeiY INDExe %Cdauest, A..D Ubc UF AVAILAbLt UsTA LN LOAD ANv 4 A TEk l AL

I VAx1ac1LJTltL. CaAv.eLES APL INLLULEa 10 ILLUSTRATE 1NESE| C L. .C c P T S . ( FA li)L Y 4Us s L P hlb-L 1 L i T Y ; M Ll o.4 Cd!TE RIs;PunteL A tir. NUCLL An ; bTRUC TUR AL| 1..f CGn l I Y ; L T LCL; CONLhC IE1

c /v / 0 0 00 G u l -00 0 cv 7 v/ / 71'CfdSIGN 40 . UCJUlv0715IL_ i e3hWPbSAL F u4 A ndFERCNCC CLASS 1F ICA T IUN Ur LAR SYSTEMS TO -E

U ".C u t r. ThC EuxuPEAN WEL IA EILI T Y DAIA SYSTCM (CROS)i l t :U n ( b ) vu CITI 4;ALLIS 4 ; 4 At.C IN I uk a ,4 U T H U i.1 V . LF Pita, I T a i._ Y'IC 1900' e t- J'4U 1 -.

A s F Uh u ,'s ure>rb. r Swd busOPtAN AELIAelLITY OATA O Ater( bCMINAW;nPNIL 9 -11. 1 se Ov.s. ,

AIL AVAILAblLilY - C GAM I bS I O t. UP THE C Uhd Fti A N CO f>M U N I T I E L ... .u . A I I l-C 1 N CC Tu m A T E A. bAiIMCNI JtAN VC N N eiT . P L A i t- A U suA I, C rict nu. c ol IL -OdTALt 1907 LUAh'dbbuRG ('4 C N T I G N PAPtm 195a1.re A )

,TruLreY O10000;?J00uu: 1 i ! U c. u I 1 c,

;UNTWV A42TsACT UCbCh ir*l lba LF THE ST R UC T U RE Af.D CF THd CUNTENT OF THE-

CLAL G I F I CA T I t.s Ib ulvtN ruLLusLO :., Y THt ACTUAL CLAablFICATIONLIST A n.U T .v u E A A ePLc b betLalNG t-0 .v TO APPLY IT.

Y4CRDb n t AC T LN , L .v R ;m E L i A o I L J T Y , bYST M;NELIAoItITY, CLMPONcNT;tVAGPE;vAfA CGLLECIIOu;1IALY

' J/ v/ G o v0 0 01 -0 0 v ou /o// /2il5 S IO. 4 NO. UtsuloO714| r L _. c. 9%oPubat r t.A A r,E F C4 C N C_ FAMILY CHUUPING CUOE ANJ FAILUWE! LLa: Li e IC Al l t N FL% L a ri C oAPO. C N T *. TU et UStD 1.9 t.h u b!!HU:s(b) Ulbi I ;.<AN C la i u;RCsLINGEh GNPauTH Jul.4 I m L ht A h tri C c s. It h. IbHRA t S1 AuL IdrtMEN T , 1TALY|Tk IsaO|wE U/4 G at PPS. FaOM anD LudCPEA., RtLIAulLITY DATA S A N ri bt M IN AN ;

:m AvF Liv , U . rs . . APRIL 9-!!, 19c0AIL evalua.:ILITY - CCvMISSION LF THE CURUPiAN CuvMUNITIC5.

.

0000001-0096076// 7? CON T IteUAT ION 1 PAGE 1C2

,J.o.Ai11 c1nLCIUnAIJ A, c, A I 1 v iiN T JLAN MONNtT, PLATEAU DUAl*CnLEmL, b til TE euSIALt- 1907 LU ACMt10bkG ( ".b N T I ON PAPCR EI ', r, 2 t, t,k A )

Tot t a ' u I v u d u ; < ,:O U v uv

I I O!4 011c' elmy A,IkACT Ab e' . s I # T t c. r m A :., l a l L I I Y biULY FLH Thd CURCPEAN HEL I Ats ! L 1 I Y

UAIA O Y S T t'' IE nd b ) eNO MuhC LPtC1P1CaLLY Fox THt CC"PUNENT;VLNT Umin o wd A (Leva), Al TE NTILW HAs 6btN OtVt;IED TU THbi ci T li.O OP Or HEt-tmENCE (.L A bb l e i C A T l uN 5 O r: SAFETY ACLATERLuvu es:N I L F ur< LivnT a AT us stACTvA5 AND Intin FAILUhbL MA .< A L I C h l A f l u. 4 Pux THE CLLLECT!UN Ur xAd UATA GN AELIAblLITYA .v A v a l L >,.: I LI IY LUMING FRLM N A I 1 u s.At DATA dYLTCM.

dYsLHoa L uA n L L LHu ; I f a LY inE L 1 Ad l L11 Y , dY .21 L A; EL I A c l L I T Y , COM PONEN T ;A Vm ! L ne I L . T Y id AT A CL LLE._ T 10 N ; h E AC T UR , L*R;FAILuRL, E CU I PME N T ;= A ! Lush , L La.Pdt.E..T

u/v/LG00001-GOLLu/o// 7J[CtbElu'. NL.L O bc u l ouc:2cB I L.:. ImL e-amt.L Ao I L 1 I Y L,F INTL 4hYbiLM LUGAl I We A C T DUE IU LtAA

T c E I i '.h A. 4 v ud tx n T I O. 4 AL enANGtbpTmh(L) a ut 1.. .Ppn NU T#1 u .L . .UCLhnh aLGUL4iUhY CUFN1LL!uNy TL iSvGiT t'L ~1

da, .md u-c o /7 +. co sPS, 2 FIGd, %Y l';60halt AVAILAbitlTY - 4 n T I v.. AL T b Cr% I L A L INFURMATION SERVICE, U. S.

stP A 4 TML'.T Ur CUMntACE, Sv al.4Ge lt Lv , VA. 22161%' T hi.L R Y ImuuGOi010000;2J0000p l i I U.. u1IcAP tuou 4ACu uN1 T4 Y ASTnALI .i n b r1 - 1 4 0 0 lut'JTIFidD suT EN TI AL l '4 T E4 b Y STE M LOCA IN A P=R AS

5 IGN I F IC A*.T LJa 4 T N IMU TG8: TU HISS kChutTING FhbM CUAC MELT. IN. Trel b LCE'. AR I L. C r,E C A /ALVEL rAIt IN INJCCT10N LINCS L,F hMA ONl L L .. PatscVWC thJECTIO., SYLTCAb, ALLCdlNG HIGH PkCbSURE REACTOR

C LU L Aid T IU L. .T LH L J '4 PnLbSubc PIPING OUTSIOC CLNTAINMENT.3 LL d t u u L:w i rAILUsc Le Tr IS LUw PwCbSUAC PIPING ACJLD RESULT INLCL A UU1 NILL C L.4 T A I N a EN T AND duebEuukNT CURE MCLTUU.vN. S I M I LA R2 C t t . A h l O ;., AHL ALbu PUShlLLE IN uwR. REPORT CVALUATES VARIOUS

| PbCbbVnL l bO Ln T I Lc4 VALVE CUNFILURATiuNb UdEO IN REACTuriS TOL h T E < M I NL PatbAoILITY OF IN TEks YS TEM LCCA. IT 15 SHONN THAT!

| PEk 100 I C Lens IC dT 1:JG U f- V4LVCS CAN bubST ANT I ALLY RC6UCE' INTC76YSTtM LU C A PRbc, Ad l LI T Y .:.Y oksb nLntida, sun;HLAClun, uwh;nLACTCR, Pu nER ; A CC I DriN T , Lobb LF| L Lut Ar. T ;r4 00 Ad IL I T Y ; CJN L MEL T Du aN ; V AL V ti, CHECA;TCST, LCAK;

#UTJC,.N CGGLING LYL TEM

/ v/ 0 u 00 0 01 -00 0 00 70/ / 7 -*CEnblU's NL. O Gh o l t b r, l o

, tlc C o. 41 A I N Mt N T n T au b Phli h E % L S e'L a S C (CAx) PwubH A 4 SLCUNU b T A TU SnEPLRT

J THt,h t S ) L Auv U.w l JAAPauTH G L.i h t ATLMIC CU., DAN L1EbO, CAtIF.

LTL 1wb:PL o

..C 0,. - A I Lb c2 +. % PPS, F l bb , NAACH 1960. a IL AVA1LAbIL1TY - NATIUNAL TE Chr.1 C AL INFORMA T ION SERVICE, U. S.

sCP An TMEN T OF CO MME h Cd . EPHINGFlhLJ, VA. 22101; TLuu R Y 0 suouc ; Icov00; 11 u000 ;dao Luol I i 1 L .' 4 U 11 a:RP CUud L ,. . ,U N T W v'L I < AC1 Irw .m.m CLNCdNThATCO ON DtVtLCPMENT UF AUCCLS ut b CR I ri i NG

CC.TAINMLuI H1EN LNE N A OUAING CUAC r1C n TUP IN SUPPGRT LFAu b A L I L 1 L T I L xlcA A b bli S '.,.w b N T 5IUJIEb. AODELS dCHE CU APLE TE DFLn Fibb1CN rNLDULT IODINE SOAPT l ua GN CUATCU SvRFAC.:5,s I F F U L I V l'l Y MD -< h TC N T I V I T Y OF UN1RLATLD CONCktTE, IUD 1NEINTunALTIUN ITh CUNvCNSING STEAM UN THE CUNTAINMENT ATMOSPHERE< LO. .a A R I C L , AN D T r1C LLCAhdP FILTCR SY STEM. THESE MUJELS .w h R Cli.tGRPuhATCU l t.T U A .4E a CO MPU TE R PRUGAAM CALLED CsACAS.

'YWOkDd FILSluh Pn Lu tC T ACLC ASC ; AN AL YT IC AL AGDEL;FILTCA SY ST EM ;LLNTAINMtNT&FISSICN Pk O D LC T st T tN T 10:4;REACTuk. HTGR; IODINE;suhe i I UN ; CON CH E T r. ; S T E AM ; sb RubuL ; Cu t@U T ER PWOGRAM

1i

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ . - _ _ _ . -

/ 000J OO t -00 0 00 to// 7b PAGE I03

3SIUN *.U. GL4GibcC*7C a tes n i a -h..U CLULALILITY L IM I T S, HCSULT FAUM lN-CORE TCSTS D-1.

J -E e AkD u-3A V Itt J.a. 70LLEAn nEGuLATLnY LOMM!bbluN, .s Ct i 9 t '>

Jf s,

iu / ebs, . .3.UR w1 LU 4 <,/ L N C . IL hakuts s. U E:41 0:4 FhLM Saut LEVINE,Y 10, 1979

AIL A/AILauIL1TY - NnC PULLIC vbCUME.JT WOGM, 1 /1 / H 5 Tkte T,. n uh l e.L i to . , v. G. codSL ( O c, CC,4 TS/ PAGE -- MitelMUM CHANGE

| m.J0)e

ATCuG4Y ItOUOGiubv000;Vov00vi2,0cuupi|Iba vIi ;

nP CCat on t

Ui. I W Y -

b T.. ,. L i *ovMAhIeCS - e S UL I L LF 3 IN-C o ht d A We s ! VEN Tb UN LUCLAoILITY:

L 1:il i b b r- PL 58 -ALL I UtN T HANTILLLATt L MF3d FUCL DtGxib I t. AS Lv 10.% Paul ad M . aun< 5UPPL1LS AtY I NF O R f4A T I ON FOR ASLESSINGILA FhbM C O kt ALLI ACCaCLNTS IN LMFLpeb. EXPEkiAENTS~

etmFunMLu TO MtAtukt UNudh H I Lrt LUDIUM b u e C G C L it.b b LF LUF ANDIvP LM F c,:< aCLILdNT L Cc N A ,<l u b , 1HC bdLCIFIC PGaEh I., THE BE 3 CF

r- UL m Pawi l uuLA TE Al hlCri OHY LUT GF SGblUM CLULANT LCCURS.9L5LLIb ba 1L. 4 LLLAt LNY ULI Id Nul Tnut UdD CLOLAbILIiY LIM 1T..AL CL.51utsS stSULTS TG b t. OEST VATA A V A I L A c3 L t AND 7ECOMMENDSu L i t.6 UnIA AtJ MuutL rUR EVALUATI:46 LAFnn aboHIS-ML;DLLuu Ab l L1 f Y L'J uE h HILhLY SUuCOCLc0 CGaVITIONb GF L Lt- AND TCPA CC I L t .4 8 .;. u C CA ub E o r4 Y -CU 1 LI411 lb CUNSERVATIVE alIN WESPECT TO(30t Ldb ubuunblL1TY lim 1I.

;V n. A us h t-a t f L R , L Mr; J ; A CL i stnT , T .< A . 4 b i t N T UVd4PO 4E4 ; ACCi vCt.I . LObb CFF LU ., e t wE n 1 M c 4 T ; .4 t A Lun t M._N T ; LU G L I N G ; S uv l u A

c/G/LLLU001-00OVL70// 70;LES5luN e. L . V u. 0 I L 7 / 7.;,

VLC S I A.sOnh ub FON INLIVivuAL LLCUPAllL.AL ti XP O sun E dA P A U l r1 U .b . i .U CL C AR REGULATukY CUMAlbblON, UCTd 19/9P t- u.vu 9 HOS, Mi.imU A ,W LU M d / A I TA LH . TC W. A. PUkPLE FROM J. (ASTNER,

UCC. I ~.:. , 197'sAIL A ulLAalLITY - .4nC PuoLIC DLCUMtNI 4009, 1 71 / H dThECT,

AA5hlNGTUN, s. C. ubdd ( vu CtN TS/P Abt - MINI.*UM CHARGE42.Ou)

LTCOLhY t S O u G L ; 1 9 0 0 0 L ; E a o ts.; d)! Il ON U 1 1.22k P Lt.D t ont>UNIkV 4;bt,ACT sEruwl i t.CL ULC S FULLuilNU CATtbuMIES* tAPOSUhd U r- INUIVIDUALS

i., .<C L T h I C IL L nWEAS, P L a t .N E D SPECIAL EXPOSURES Ar.D UNPLANNEDL VC x E APULux CE , $ pdc 1 As LATCubkIdS vE ALI r4G v 1 T r1 iRANSIENT

'.v L n C h b , M LM t. 4 , CuaAYG/FCIUS, A.w u viNGHS, MAJUR 1LEUCS THA Ts C J. U l k t ,tSULUTIUN JUCri n.s G U A L I T Y FALTOHb, IChP co (URGANm;t, C ,.w l :40 L I .- i T L , Alba), C ,.R e t 4 LLCUPAILLNAL LoSC LIMITS,*

C LLL ._L T I vd et Sd ST Atsu AWO S. Ges AUUA TED CONTAGLS, I MPLLMENT AT IGt4U r; UCLUPAflL.AL ALA.m C G t.C C P 1, Lt-PARIJhE/OlFFCRLNCEL FWOML X 1 '2 T I NO P A r< I ._0 ACLU l HC MEN T L , AND EXTERNAL INFLUENCES ON THEU C v tL L P MLT. T tF 5TA.CANDS Fuk li4b l V IUU AL UCCUPATIONAL EXPGSURES.

;Y.LGDb ALcNCY. .e t ; !; A DI A r 10 N LX FU 5Unt ; PE R bLric4CL EAPGSURE, PADIATICN;'7 AO I A T I G.. SArCTY ANU CONThuL;RAUIATlUN CXPOSund, RECLHO KEEPING

~

. . _ _ _ _ _

I

APPENDIX G

DATA SOURCES

Many of the Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) analysesrequire failure and repair data. This appendix presents a brief discussion ofknown data bases with information applicable to RAM analyses.


_

____ __

APPENDIX G

DATA SOURCES

The quality and value of most RAM analysis depends greatly on theavailability of data. The data required needs to be of good quality, collectedwith RAM analysis in mind, of sufficient quantity to be statistically

significant. The best data are those one has collected himself for which heknowns the limitations. Also, ideally one would like to have data on the

specific or ioentical component or system which is being analyzed. However, datacollection of sufficient quality and quantity on all components / systems isusually prohibitative expensive. Thus, one must reley on data collected byothers and on component / systems which are similar to the one being analyzed andoften in different applications. Potential sources for this data are discussedbelow.

The following are data sources which have information available for use inRAM analyses:

o Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System (NPRDS)

o Generating Availability Data System (GADS)

o Operating Unit Status Report (NUREG-0020)

o Licensee Event Report (NUREG-0161)

o United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Data Program (UKAEA) NationalCenter of Systems Reliability (SYREL)

o IEEE Nuclear Reliability Data Manual (IEEE STD 500-1977)

o Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP)

o Nonelectric Parts Reliability Data (NPRD-1)

o Electronic Component Reliability Data (RAC)

o MIL-HDBK-2170s

o Equipment Manufacturers

o DoD Information Analysis Centers


. _ - -

A brief description of each of these data sources with the type of informationavailable is presented.

Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System (NPRDS)

The Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System (NPRDS) program is a source ofoperating reliability statistics for safety-related components and systems incommercially operated U.S. nuclear reactor power plants. The program is operatedby the ANS 58.20 Subcommittee to collect engineering, operating, and failure datafrom electric utilities on a quarterly basis and to report component and systemperformance data on quarterly and yearly basis.

The scope of reportable systems and components to NPRDS is classified asSafety Class 1 and Safety Class 2 in ANSI Standard N18.2 for pressurized waterreactors and in ANS 52.1-1978 for boiling water reactors. Also included inequipment designated as Electrical Class 1E in IEEE STD 380-1975. Information iscollected on twenty-nine major categories of components of mechanical andelectro-mechanical designs.

Participants in NPRDS are provided with access to (1) complete engineeringdata on components and system, (2) unit and system operating hours, (3)statistics on reliability performance of equipment, and (4) complete descriptionof component failure including mode, type, cause, effect, and detection.

| This information is suitable for design, operations and plant-bettermentengineers. The information may be used for reliability and maintainabilityprediction and assessment and for design-improvement programs.

For additional information, contact:

NPRD System CoordinatorSouthwest Research Institute6220 Culebra RoadSan Antonio, Texas 78284Telephone: 512/684-5111


Generating Availability Data System (GADS)

The Generating Availability Data System (GADS) is a source of summary unitperformance data on all types of electric power generating equipment. The GADS

program, formerly the EEI Equipment Availability Data System, is operated by the| National Electric Reliability Council (NERC) to collect and make available unit

performance, pedigree, and event reporting data on nuclear, fossil, hydro,combustion, and combined cycle units.

Information is reported to NERC-GADS by participating utilities on aquarterly basis. Included in GADS are unit statistics, outage event types,

outage causes, and unit performance information.

GADS data are suitable for operation and maintenance engineers workingmostly with overall plant and major equipment hardware. These data may be used

for availability analysis at the unit or component level.


National Electric Reliability CouncilResearch Park, Terhune RoadPrinceton, New Jersey 08540Telephone: 609/924-6050

Operating Unit Status Report (NUREG-0020)

The Operating Unit Status Report (NUREG-0020) is a source of unit operating

statistics for licensed U.S. Nuclear Power Plants. The program is operated by

the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to collect daily power levels andmonthly operating statistics from utilities and to report (GREY book) statisticsacross all units on a monthly basis.

Utilities report to NRC monthly on unit performance. Included in theperformance statistics are daily average power levels (MWe), operating status

,

(including critical hours, shutdown and online hours, service availability,capacity factors, and forced outage rate), and unit shutdown or power reductioninformation. Unit shutdown and power reduction records include date, type of


- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

|

reduction (forced, scheduled), duration (hours), reason (equipment, maintenance,

refueling, regulatory restrictions, etc.) and major system or component

category.

This information is suitable for operating engineers and plant-betterment|

! engineers. The information may be used for availability and unit performanceassessment and for plant betterment.


National Technical Information ServiceU.S. Department of Commerce5285 Port Royal RoadSpringfield, Virginia 22151Telephone: 703/321-8543

Licensee Event Reoort (NUREG-0161)

The Licensee Event Report (LER) is a source of off-normal and cause and eventdescriptions of departures from technical specifications in the operation ofnuclear power reactor plants. The LER program is operated by the U.S. NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC) to collect and make available facility, system,component, and manufacturers' data related to the reported event.

Information is reported to NRC by utilities on a daily, bi-weekly, or monthlybasis depending on the nature of the event. Included are details of plant,

system, and component statistics, and narrative descriptions as to cause andevent.

LER data are suitable for oper dinns and plant-betterme t engineers workingwith safety-related systems and components. Thesc data may be used for sfetyanalysis and event-sequence studies of major safety systems and components,

llT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

_. .. . - _ _ _ _ _ - _


License Operation Evaluation BranchOffice of Management and Program AnalysisU.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionWashington, D.C. 20555Telephone: 301/492-7724

United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Data Program (UKAEA)

National Center of Systems Reliability (SYREL)

The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) data program is acomprehesive source of nuclear power reactor reliability data from operatingplants within the United Kingdom. The program uses a data classification codingformat similar to that of the FARADA and GIDEP programs.

The UKAEA uses its long-standing equipment fault and incident reportingsystem as a primary source of equipment service data in its reactor plants.There are approximately 900 categories of components in the reporting system.The National Center of System Reliability (SYREL) data bank contains informatio.on performance availability and generic component reliability data.

This information is suitable for maintenance and plant-betterment engineersand may be used for maintenance planning or unit availability studies.


Systems Reliability Service (Date)UKAEA (SYREL)Wigshaw LaneCulcheth, Warrington, Lancashire, WA34NEUnited Kingdom

IEEE Nuclear Reliability Data Manual (IEEE STD 500-1977)(IEEE Guide to the Collection and Presentation of Electrical, Electronic, and

Sensing Component Reliability Data for Nuclear-Power Generating Stations)

The IEEE Nuclear Reliability Data Manual is a source of reliability data forelectrical, electronic, and electromechanized components commonly is use in


- _ _ . ______ ________ _ _ ______ _____ ___.

- - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

nuclear power generating stations. The manual was prepared by Working Group

SC5.3 of Subcomittee 5 Reliability of the Nuclear Power Engineering Committee of

the IEEE Power Engineering Society. The data contained in the manual were

provided by over 200 consultants and experts in the field.

The reliability data presented include failure modes, failure rate ranges,and environmental factor information on generic components. Reliability data

appear in the form of hourly and cyclic failure rates and failure modeinformation for over 1000 electrical, electronic, and sensing components. Low,

recommended, high, and maximum failure rates are given for each individual mode.

This information is suitable for desgin engineers. The Data Manual offers adata base to be used for the performance of qualitative and quantitativesystematic reliability analyses of nuclear power generating stations.


IEEE Standards SalesIEEE Service Center445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854IEEE STD 500-1977, SH06684

Government-Industry Data Exchanae Program (GIDEP)

Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP) is a cooperative program

between Government and Industry for exchanging data among participants to reduce

time and money for researching relevant areas. The program provides a means of

exhanging certain types of technical data used in research, design development,production, and operation of systems and equipment used mainly in electronic orelectro-mechanical application.

GIDEP incorporates the Failure Rate Data Program (FARADA), which is jointly

sponsored by the Army, Navy, Air Force, and NASA. The FARADA program comprises

the collection, analysis, compilation, and distribution of f ailure rate andfailure mode data.

IIT R EsE ARCH INSTITUTE

- - - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - _ _ _ _ _ __ _ - - - - - _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Participants in GIDEP are provided with access to four major datainterchanges: (1) Engineerging Data, (2) Metrology Data, (3) Reliability-Maintainability Data, and (4) Failure Experience Data.

GIDEP information is suitable for design engineers working most'y withelectronic, electrical, and electromechanical components. This information may

be used for qualitative studies such as f ailure modes and effect analysis,decision tree analysis, and event tree analysis, as well as for quantitativestudies such as reliability prediction, test interval calculation, or spare partsstudies.


GIDEP Operations CenterCorona, California 91720Telephone: 714/736-4677

Nonelectric Parts Reliability Data (NPRD-1)

The Nonelectric Parts Reliability Data is a publication providing test andreliability data primarily from military and space applications. The informationis provided in four sections: (1) generic level failure rate data, (2) detailedpart failure rate data, (3) part data from commercial applications, and (4)failure modes and mechanism.

The nonelectric parts reliability data is suitable for design engineersworking mostly with electrical and electromechanical components. This

information may be used for qualitative studies such as failure modes and effectsanalysis and decision tree analysis, as well as quantitative studies such as areliability prediction of systems composed of nonelectric parts.

t


Reliability Analysis CenterRADC/RBRACGriffiss AFB, New York 13441Telephone: 315/330-4151


-

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Electronic Component Reliability Data

The Reliability Analysis Center publishes test and reliability data on

electronic components, such as integrated circuits, memories, hybrid, linearinterface devices and transistors and diodes. The data have been collected frommilitary and industrial sources, analyzed and merged into a common database. Thet

database is used as the source for the publications which include failure ratedata, and failure modes and mechanisms information by device type and

environmental stress. Summaries are provided which include failure rate

comparison by device function, complexity, screening and models in MIL-HDBK-2170

(see below).

The electronic components reliability data are suitable for use by designengineers working with electronic systems. The information is very useful fordoing reliability prediction, FMEA and FTA on electronic systems.


Reliability Analysis CenterRADC/RBRACGriffiss AFB, New York 13441Telephone: 315/330-4151

MTL-HDBK-2170

This military handbook entitled, " Reliability Prediction of Electronic

Equipment," dated 15 January 1982, has been developed to establish uniformmethods for predicting the reliability of military electronic equipment and

systems. It provides a common basis for reliability predictions and a basis forcomparing and evaluating reliability predictions of related or competing

designs.

MIL-STD-217D presents failure rate models for nearly all electroniccomponents along with qualifying factors which design or reliability engineerscan use to perform reliability analysis on electronic systems in specific

applications.


____ - ____ . . _ _ _ _

_ _ _ .

Copies are available from

Naval Publications & Forms Center5801 Tabor AvenuePhiladelphia, PA 19120Telephone: 215/697-2000

Equioment Manufacturers

Manufacturers of components, equipment and systems normally have performed

some reliability and maintainability testing on their own equipment. Often theywill make these data available to the users either routinely or by special

request. Great care must be taken when using manufacturers' reliability datasince it indicates the quality of their product and they would not release it ifit shows poor results.

.

Manufacturer's data can often be obtained by indicating in the equipmentspecification that reliability data must be provided.

Manufacturers' data can often provide a second source of information on ancomponent / equipment type but ideally other data should be used.

DoD Information Analysis Center

The DoD sponsors 20 information analysis centers which collect, reviewanalyze appraise summarize and store available technical information on subjectsof highly specialized technical nature. In addition to the Reliability AnalysisCenter which specializes in electronic reliability data, as discussed above,

centers have data which are applicable to the design and improvement of nuclearpower generating facilities. A few of centers with applicable data are:

o Concrete Technology Information Analysis Center

o Data & Analysis Center for Software

o Hydroulic Engineering Information Analysis Center

o Metals and Ceramics Information Center

o Mechanical Properties Data CenterllT REsE ARCH INSTITUTE

'

Mechanical Properties Data Centero

o Nondestructive Testing Information Analysis Center

o Plastics Technical Evaluation Center

o Shock aiid Vibration Information Center

o Thermal physical and Electronic Properties Information Analysis Center

( Information on the availability of data can be obtain by contacting Mr. JamesF. Pendergast at the Defense Technical Information Center. His address is:

AdministratorDefense Technical Information CenterATTN: DTIC-AICameron StationAlexandria, VA 22314Telephone: 202/274-6260

3


..

1

|

APPENDIX H

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON

RELIABILITY PRACTICES AND CONTROL ELEMENTS

This questionnaire was used as a guide to the interviewers during surveys ofelectric power generating facilities.

HllT REsE ARCH INSTITUTE

- _ . _

. _ _ _ _ . _

-

.

.

DRAFT 12/22/81. -

REVISED 2/82

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIREON

RELIABILITY PRACTICES AND CONTROL ELEMENTS

CONTENTS,

1

|

I ORGANIZATIONAL INFCRMATION-

II PRACTICES & CONTROL ELEMENIS DURING ACQUISITION-

III -

PRACTICE & CONTROL ELEMENTS DURING OPERATIONIV RELIA 8ILITY PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS-

V RELIABILITY PERFORMANCE INFORMATION-

DOCUMENTATION

NOTE: This questionnaire is designed to aid in determining the scope andeffectiveness of current reliability practices and control elements plannedand applied by the nuclear power generating industry. Although thisquestionnaire is intended for use with any organizatica in the industry,it is designed to facilitate gathering of reliability information frem thestandpoint of those organizations directly responsible for the acquisitionand cperation of systems and equipment used in nuclear power plants. It is

recognized that collecting information on system / equipment acquisition andoperation may require an addendum to address specific aspects as they relateto individual organizations. This general questionnaire should be used withaddendum, as necessary, in the performance of the surveys.

- - -

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

| *

.

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

DATE _ _GRGANIZATION CONTACTED

NAME

LOCATION

DESCRIPTION

lINDIVICUAL(s) CONTACTED SURVEY TEAM

NAME TITLE / POSITION NAME TITLE / POSITION

,-

I ORGANIZATION INFORMATION

1) Is an operating formal reliability organization maintained with apermanent in-house staff?

s

2) Who is the person responsible for reliability?

What is his position in the organization? '

What are the names of other key people in the organization?

3) What is the relaticnship of reliability to other organizatienal functicns?

Do they interface directly with:

Project Management?

Design?

Quality Assurance?

Other?(Obtain organization chart, if available)

1_ _ _ _ _ - _ ___ __ _-_- -

:. .

P .

'

4) What is the size of the reliability staff?s

I,,f Is staff composed of experienced reliability engineers?

> .

s; Number of Professional? Degrees? Avercge Experience?

Number of Non Professional?,

y. Are supplementary reliability analysts used?Are reliability related papers published regularly? . . _

.

'5 ). Describe the general functions of the reliability organization?.

Specification?e

(Prepare, review from reliability standpoint)-.s

.e Supplier reliability audit & surveillance?. s. . j

s' , Reliability (availability) analysis?s

Design drawing and specification review (for adequacy ofe

reliability requirements)?

Component engineering?e.,

Design review (ICR)?e,

Demonstration / acceptance test menitoring?e

,

Failure analysis?a'

r,

Data recording & analysis?e

Operational relicbility assessment? ~e

Product improvement'prcgrams?1 ei.

i; .

o,.

6) Are other organizations involved in reliability (ir related) 'functicos?#

'

\ ,

Test laboratories?'

,

Quality acsuraice?,

Failure analvsis7 <o.

',

j. ,/;

7) Are formal reliaoility trdning pregrrims cenducted?e- Reliability engineering trainicg?' ,

Operational & c.aintenance tr'aining?-

\'

!

i

h

'

-

-

: -

.

II PRACTICES AND CONTROL ELEMENTS DUR ING ACCUISITION

1) What is the basic approach to assuring system / equipment reliability?What reliability indices are employed?

! Are there formal policies / procedures ccvering:

Determination of reliability requirements?e

Are requirements derived from system risk analysis?and optimized with respect to cost?

Acquisition of new (or replacement) system / equipment toe

meet the requirements?

Operation and maintenance to assure that reliability ise

maintained?

2) Are reliability requirements applied contractually on system designers(A&E Firms) and hardware suppliers?

Design?e

MTBF Service Life Forced Outage RateMTTR Availability Planned Outage RateStart-up Reliability

Component Quality?

Redundance or back-up modes of operation? Fail safe design?Ease of maintenance? Diagnostics? Modularity?

e Test?>

Development /R growth? Screening?Demonstraticn? Acceptance?

Qualification? 100% Sampling?

e Management and control?

R program plan? Failure analysis and reporting?Parts control? Data reporting, analyses and feedbgCritical item centrol? Reliability assessment?Configuraticn control? Sub-centractor/ supplier centrol?Program / design review?

3

".

,

3) Ara standard raliability progrrm rcquirements impo d?(Eithsr fully contractually, limited or as a guide)

MIL STD 7857

MIL HDEX 217?

MIL STD 781?

4) Are system reliability program elements planned and applied?

A. Reliability prediction / apportionment / assessment?

Allocation techniques?e

Numerical evaluation / prediction analysis?e

Redundancy aspects of passive ecmponents?e

e Verificaticn test metnods?e SFP detection methods?

The survey shculd address the objectives of the methods, e.g., are they used to:(1) establish sub-system /ccmponent reliability goals, (2) provide quantitativemeasures of reliability during the development process (3) determine wherethe design can be improved, (4) aid design trade-off decisions, (5) providecriteria for planning (and verifying) reliability growth and demonstrationtests, (6) establish the need for redundancy, (7) identify single failurepoints and provide quantitative input for early spare provision plans. Thesurvey should obtain information en the extent and effectiveness of system model;depicting the reliability interconnecticn of the subsystems and components,7

the f ailure rates (and their uncertainties) used to support reliability pre-dictions; the techniques used to apportion reliability requirements and toset design goals for subsystems and components; and the actual test /fjeld dataused to assess achieved reliability.

~,

8. Maintainability predicticn/ assessment?Allocaticn techniques?e

Numerical evaluation / prediction?. _.___

e

e Verification methods?_

The survey shculd address the cbjectives of the methcds, e.g. , are they usedto: (1) establish subsystem /ccmpcnent maintainability goals, (2) providea quantitative measure of how easily a design can be maintained (3) determineunere the design can be improved. The survey should cbtain informaticn enthe effectiveness of the methods to aid design trade-off decisions, plan andverify test methods and provide input for early spare provisioning plans.Maintenance level diagrams, work factors, repair time data (e.g. , determinedvia maintenance analysis and which accounts for human factors andmaintenance errors), repair frequencies (e.g. , based on component failurerates) and used to support maintainability predicticns shculd be obtainedas well as information en techniques to apportion maintainability require-ments and set maintainability goals among subsystems and components.

4

.

IC. System interface?

Compatability?e

Malfunction effects analysis?a

Detection / evaluation methods?e

e Rededial action?Ccnsequence analysis?e

e FMEA/FMECA?

Sneak circuit analysis?e

The survey should address the effectiveness of analysis techniques in!

evaluating system interfaces and compatibility between subsystems /ccmponentsparticularly to determine the consequences of failure or malfunction on overallsystem reliability. Information on how the methods are applied to determine,for example, the need for redundancy and fail safe design features, identify,

| single failure points, identify critical items and to assure subsystem / componentcompatability should be cbtained. Also the survey shcund address the effective-ness of the methods in providing input to R&M models/ predictions, identifyingremedial action priorities, identifying critical items, defining failuredetection / evaluation methods and providing key inputs for developing maintenancestrategies and plans. The extent, depth and rigor of the techniques and inparticular the uncertainties of their results should be discussed including:(1) FMEA/FMECA procedures and the basic data and information (e.g., frcm designconfigurations, component engineering and part failure rates resulting frompredicticn studies) used to support the process; (2) structural models (logical"and" and "or" symbols and. failure events) used to support fault tree analysisand (3) sneak path analysis techniques that are applied to further locate andultimately force out potential malfunctions, that occur without componentfailure, due to the existence of a sneak circuit or latent path.

D. Trade-off study?

Improvement techniques?e

Cost-effectiveness?3

Improvement evaluation?e

The survey should address techniques used to help make R&M trade-off decisiensinvolving the evaluation of design alternatives ac well as the determination of

; program / test requirements. Information on how trade-off studies are per-I

formed to determine, for example, the optimum MTcF/MITR mix that wculd maximizeavailability should be cbtained including sensitivity curves and other data !

,

which aculd shcw the relationship of R&M parameterspa,trols and engineeringtasks to availability and cost.,

5

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

.

.

E. Independent Design Review (IDR)?

Techniques applied?e

Reliability impact?e

e Remedial action?e SFP assessment?

Techniques to surface hidden system faults?e

-

The survey should address procedures applied to systematically reviewperformance, reliability, maintainability and varicus other system character-istics at major design and testing decision points. The survey should obtaininformation on the adequacy and completeness of checklists developed tosupport design reviews. Criteria applied to determining conformance oradequacy should be obtained covering such design / program items as:

.. -

Program plans.

.e

R&M allocation, predictions and assessmentse

Identification and evaluation of critical componentse

Test plans and procedurese

Maintenance conceptse

Subsystem and component specificationse

Remedial actionse-

Single point failure (SPF) assessmente

FMEA/FMECA/FTA/ sneak circuit analysis or othere

techniques to surface hidden system faultsFailure analysis reportse

a Growth test dataProduction reliability assurance planse

Supplier control methodse

Configuration managemente

Documentation and reportse

Also the methcds employed to control the independent design reviews includingthe thoroughness of deficiency follcu-up control procedures shculd bediscussed.

5) How do data uncertaintities effect the system reliability ,

program elements?

6) How are the effects of cperator and maintenance actionstaken into account on safety system reliability analysis?

7) Are harcware reliability program e lements planned and applied?A. Hardware specificatien?

Reliability requirements (MTBF, MTTR)?e

Application techniques?e

6

.

.

Tha survey should address techniques used to determins hardware R&Mspecifications and, in general, how requirements are established that satisfysafety requirements, operational availability needs an'd also that are attainablwithin the state-of-the-art. Information on how quantitative requirements areestablished and how the requirements are formulated into a hardware specifi-cation that reflects an effective balance of the varicus demands should beobtained.

.

8. Hardware selection?

Reliacility experience?e

e Failure rate censiderations?I e Interface consideraticns?

Hardware maintainability considerations?e

The survey should address basic precedures and criteria applied to selectsystem hardware 'e.g. , based on preven R&M and long life characteristics anddemonstrated acceptability to meet system needs). Informaticn on how failurerate and mode experience data, subsystem / component interfaces (particularlybetween R&M parameters and the system design and development process), legisticf actors and the supplier's background cr prior experience in the R&M and relatetareas are considered in selecting critical hardware items should be obtained,

s

C. Ccmponent derating?.

Policy?e

Techniques?e

Are guidelines applied?e

The survey should address the use of derating guidelines in the design ofhardware items to assure that all ccmpenents are ccerated well withinrecommended stress limits. How techniques are applied to reduce theprobability of hardware-induced failures and allcw the compcnents torealize the full extent of their inherent reliability should be discussed.

D. Screening?

Burn-in techniques?e

Testing criteria?e

Selecticn (part) approval?e

7

. -

*

.

The survey should address me thods techniques and ' guidelines used to planand implement hardware screening and burn-in programs. Information on theapplication of stress screening during hardware production on a 100Y. basis forthe purpose of revealing inherent, as well as workmanship and process-induced,

i

defects without weakening or destroying the hardware,i

! shculd be obtained in-cluding screen test profiles, time durations, acceptance criteria and other'

elements and controls. The methodologies and techniques to plan optimum screenprograms and to determine the most effective burn-in time periods should bediscussed.

~

'

s

E. Production degradation control?

e Methcd of control?a Preventive action?

Acceptance?e

Failure reporting analysis and corrective action?e

,

.

The survey should address techniques used to control reliability during manu-facturing, to minimize degradation of intrinsic or designed-in reliability andto accelerate reliability growth.techniques to isolate intrinsic and induced defects in a manner such thatInformation on methods of control, includingspecial inspecticns or screens can be applied to eliminate the defects shouldbe obtained.

Information on failure analysis and data collectico programs

ccvering failures reported during manufacturing and actual experience duringcperation and how the data is applied to modify and improve the manufacturingi process should also be obtained.

| 8)| Cescribe any other reliability practices and control elements! that are applied during acquisition?

9)Are IEEE and ANS standards effective in producing compcnentreliability?

10)How is component reliability preserved in storage, and during|

installaticn and ccnstructicr?|

III1 PRACTICES AND CONTROL ELEMENTS CURING OPERATION

1) How is reliability assured during operation and maintenance?

Is there an operating philosophy? (e.g. , minimum numberi of hours per start)?1

How is operational staff organized?!

How is maintenance staff organized?

8. _ - ._

. _ . . _ _

.. .

.

2) How is operational / failure data collected and analyzed?

Is the data system computerized?

What computer codes are used?

For what?

3) Are operational failures reported, analyzed and fed back tosystem designers and manufacturers.

4) Is available operational reliability data sufficient?If not, how can it be improved?At what cost?

5) Are operational reliability (and availability) assessmentsperformed periodically and reports prepared and issued?

How do data uncertainties effect the reliabilityassessments?

6) Have product improvements programs been initiated?

7) What reliability program elements are planned and applied?A. Maintenance policy / practices and strategy?

Preventive maintenance?e

Corrective maintenance?e

Fault detection / isolation?e

Logistics?e

Downtime control?e

e Service (life) time?

9

'.

.

The survey should address basic maintenance concepts, maintenance personnelskill levels, support equipment requirements, logistics, training repairmanagement, maintenance manuals and support data and other maintenanceparareters . Information on the rationale / cost benefits of the maintenanceparameters and techniques for establishing preventive maintenance frequencies,corrective maintenance procedures, fault detection / isolation methods and,in general, controlling downtime over the entire service life of the system /equipment (40 years) should be obtained.

B. Replacement strategy?

Time constraints? (frequency)e

Replacement criteria?e

e Verification?

The survey should address varicus replacement strategies including thosebased cn time (or number of cycles) constraints as well as those baseden the cperaticnal ccndition of the hardware. Information on methods and raticrale for establishing replacement criteria (time /cendition factors), threvavayconcepts, and verification that replacement was acccmplished properly, andthat the hardware is restored to full operaticnal integrity shculd be obtained.

-

C. Reliability growth program?

Failure analysis procedures?e

Reliability improvement techniques?e

Diagncstic activity?e

Requirements verification (MTEF/MITR)?e

Immaturity failures versus randem failures analysis?e

Cetecticn of latent defects during test, method?e

Wearcut failure problem, solution?e

The survey shculo address methcds acplied ta analyze, correct, improveand, in general, grcu reliability. Informatico en autcmatic mcnitoring functicrdesignec to survey selected system performance parameters cr operating ccnciticr(such as temperature) in order to detect imprcing system /ccmpenent malfunctionand to make (or allov) compensating adjustments or correcticns should be obtaine

.

10

1

,

. .

,

-

The extent and depth of built-in hardware diagnostics,'the application ofend-to-end verification testing, and the rigor and thoroughness of failure / dataanalysis procedures should be discussed. Also failure / data analysis proceduresand activities should be discussed with respect to determining the extent andeffectiveness of: (1) analysis techniques to determine root causes as theyrelate to various hardware technologies; (2) statistical techniques to isolateinfant mortality, random and wearcut failures and to establish trends, and;(3) control methods to define perscnnel responsibilities, scheduling requirementdepth of analysis activities, reporting forms, feedback mechanisms and outputrequirements particularly relative to assessing acnieved R&M parameters suchas mean time between failure (MTBF) and mean time to repair (MITR).

IV PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS

1) During system / equipment acquisition vere all of the original Rprogram requirements (system / hardware elements) completed intheir entirety?

2) As the programsprogressed, did the attenticn to the reliabilityrequirements increase, decrease, or stay the same?

3) Which requirements or program elements are ccnsidered mest costeffective in detecting and correcting failures prior to plantoperation?

4) Did significant management changes or organizational changes occurduring the programsaffecting the manufacturer, system designer or theutility?

If so, did this change the attitude regarding the reli-ability requirements?

5) Were there major changes in the ccurse of the programs suchas program stretch-cuts, performance definition changes, etc.?

11

,.. .

- _ _ .

..

,

Did the program changes affect the reliability requirements?

|

6) Did major engineering / design changes cccur as a result of reliability,

deficiencies uncovered during:

Design (R prediction,FMEA, etc.)?e

Development /R growth tests?e

e Demonstration tests?Screening?e

Acceptance?e

Plant operation?e

7) W ere there major problem areas uncovered during the design reviews?

If so, were these resolved satisfactory and in a timely manner?

.

8) Did significant cost overruns occur during acquisition?To what were these attributed?

Were reliability deficiencies significant centributors to anycost overruns?

9) What reliability research is needed?

10) How much money (and how many manheurs) can usefully be spent onreliability?

11) Of what value to reliability are NRC I and E bulletins - which - why?

12_ -

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .

" *

.

i

i

12) What organization has the best reliability program - why?

.

13) What NRC sponsored research has been of value?

|

V RELIABILITY PERFORMANCE INFORMATION ~ -

1) In general are the system / equipment used in nuclear power plantsconsidered:

Reliable (performs without problems)?-

| Satisfactory (performs in spite of minor problems,--

, - - -requires maintenance, but easy to maintain,)?

!

Poor (performs but fails often and requires extensive|-

) maintenance)?I

|

} Unsatisfactory (fails often and requires extensive and difficult-

maintenance)?

k

i 2) What are the principal reliability prcblems?Design?Workmanship?

Operational software procedures?

Human factors?

Maintenance precedures?

Envirncmental censiderations?

13

,_ . - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _

,'

. .

,

3) Does actual operational reliability generally agree with whatwas predicted and measured during acquisition?

I

^

l

I

4) What subsystems, equipment or components fail most of ten?

Mechanical? Outage Rate?!

Electrical? Outage Rate?

i

14

_ _ . . . .

,_ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- - - _ . - - -

, _ ,

.- -.

,

-. .

.

DOCUMENTATION

Try to obtain available documentation, such as:

1) Management policy statements concerning reliability.! 2) Reliability, maintainability program plans - general and specific.

3) Reliability indoctrination / training programs for management' engineersreliability and QA, operators and maintenance personnel.

,

|

| 4) Procedures or description of methods employed in implementing reli-ability oriented activities during engineering, testing, production,installation and operation of systems and components.

5) Methods and procedures for system designers and hardware supplierreliability control.

6) Documentation of data feedback system in effect within the organizationand any employed universally within the industry.

7) Testing methods and precedures - reliability tests, demonstration tests,acceptance tests, etc.

8) Technical reports of reliability analysis, testing, cperations, research.or other study efforts; reliability data compilation; maintainabilitydata compilations, life cycle cost maalyses.

9) Maintenance procedures, maintenance logs and forms, problem areas,etc. relative to system / equipment operation and maintenance.

10) Warranty practices - typical or standardized warranty policy.11) Standard or accepted reliability terms and, conditions.

12) Published reliability related papers.>1

1

f

15

"NRC Reliability Program Plan," interim rept,Vol II apps.

Documents

Transcript of "NRC Reliability Program Plan," interim rept,Vol II apps.