NotesNOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION

I. These are Renate Poggioli's terms in TJu Theory ofthe Avant-Garde. ch.2.Poggioli's entire account illuminates how Bloomsbury was and was notavant-garde,

2. Bloomsbury writers were closely associated at times with the Nation and theNewStatesman , but the political and even parts of the literary halves of theseperiodicals were edited and written by journalists largely unassociated withthe Group. Desmond MacCarthy edited two periodicals that might beconsidered small magazines, and, though both had Bloomsbury con­tributors, neither the Neu. QuarterlY nor lift and Letters could be called aBloomsbury magazine.

3. Desmond MacCarthy can serve as an illustration of what is involved indetermining the membership of Bloomsbury. Recently MacCarthy's son­in-law David Cecil has denied his connection with Bloomsbury: 'Ashe himself said, "Bloomsbury has never been a spiritual home to me"(Cecil, 'Introduction', p. 15). Cecil omits the other half of the sentencefrom MacCarthy's Bloomsbury memoir, which is 'but let me add that Ihave not got one, although at Cambridge for a few years I fancied that Ihad'. MacCarthy goes on to call Bloomsbury a home away from home andnote how he converged on the Group through the Apostles, Clive Bell andthe Stephen sisters (SPR/BG, p. 28). To these connections could be addedhis association with Roger Fry, which led to his writing the introduction forthe catalogue of the first post-impressionist exhibition. Like Strachey,MacCarthy was more closely involved in Old than New Bloomsbury, butin both he edited periodicals that depended on his Bloomsbury friends forcontributions. One of Mary MacCarthy's purposes in founding theMemoir Club was, as with its precursor the Novel Club, to encourage herhusband to write . That MacCarthy moved in other circles as well asBloomsbury is not, of course , a sufficient reason for excluding him from theGroup, because all the members had friends outside Bloomsbury. In hisassociations, his values and , most importantly, his writings, DesmondMacCarthy displays as many affinities with Bloomsbury as anyone in theGroup, which is why Leonard Woolf, Raymond Mortimer and QuentinBell, among others, include him in Bloomsbury.

NOTES TO CHAPTER I : INTELLECTUAL BACKGROUNDS

I. The connection between Virginia Woolf and Caroline Emelia Stephen hasbeen overdeveloped by Jane Marcus, who thinks that 'we need search no

279

280 Notes

further for the origins of Virginia Woolf's pacifism and mysticism' thanher aunt's books (p. 27). The evidence is mostly indirect (though thereare unmistakable indications of a dislike of her aunt's personality andwritings in Virginia Woolf's early letters), and there are other, moreobvious sources in Virginia Woolf's quite different mystical experiences, inher study of Plato, in the pacifism of the women's movement, in theanti-militarism of her father and in the Quaker heritage of Roger Fry, whoinfluenced her so profoundly.

2. The interesting connections between Moore, Russell and phenomenolog­ists, especially Franz Brentano with his influential concept of intentional­ity, have been set forth in Roderick Chisholm's Realism andtlu Background ofPlunomenology .

3. Raymond Williams has described Bloomsbury's liberalism as a bourgeoisideology of pluralistic civilised individualism and noted some of the ironiesof its current influence:

Indeed the paradox of many retrospective judgements of Bloomsbury isthat the group lived and worked this position with a now embarrassingwhole-heartedness: embarrassing, that is to say, to those many for whom'civilised individualism' is a mere flag to fly over a capitalist, imperialistand militarist social order; embarrassing, also, to those many others forwhom 'civilised individualism' is a summary phrase for a process ofprivileged consumption. (p.63)

4. The essay, reprinted in The Captain's Death Bed and Collected Essays, reads'in or about December, 1910', but the original Hogarth Essay text says 'onor about December, 1910'.

5. Pater was one of the few influential Victorian prose authors about whomVirginia Woolf did not write. In TheAbsent FatlJer: Virginia Woolfand WalterPater, Perry Meisel finds her silence an indication ofPater's importance forher. Some of the connections Meisel finds significant can also be located inthe work of Virginia Woolf's present father, which Meisel does notexamine; other similarities are to be found in the influence of such writersas Henry James and G. E. Moore, which Meisel also ignores while findingadditional evidence for Pater's influence in the deep differences between hiswork and Virginia Woolf's.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 2: LESLIE STEPHEN

I. See Lowell's 'Verses Intended to Go with a Posset Dish to My Dear LittleGod-Daughter, 1882', as printed in Maitland (pp. 318-19), with itsdescription of the gifts he wishes her - her father's wit, her mother's beauty- and the faintly ominous prophetic warning,

I simply wish the child to beA sample of HeredityEnjoying to the full extentLife's best, the Unearned Increment, ...

Notes

Thus, then, the cup is duly filled;Walk steady, dear, lest all be spilled .

281

2. The typescript (Add . MS 61973 in the British Library) is a revised versionofpp. 107-37 of 'A Sketch of the Past' in the first edition of Moments ofBeing(1976) and includes an additional twenty-seven-page section on LeslieStephen and Hyde Park Gate. The typescript has been incorporated intothe second edition of MomtTIts ofBeing (1985), which is the text cited here.

3. Hardy thought Stephen's philosophy influenced him more than that of anyother contemporary (F. Hardy, p. 1(0) .

4. In The English Utilitarians Stephen wrote of Mill's The Su.hjectitm ofWomen,

None of his writing is more emphatically marked by generosity and loveof justice. A certain shrillness of tone marks the recluse too little able toappreciate the animal nature of mankind. Yet in any case , he made amost effective protest against the prejudices which stunted the develop­ment and limited careers of women. (111281)

5. See Noel Annan's The CU.riOIlS StrtTIgth ofPositivism in English Political Thoughtand his Introduction to Stephen's Selected Writings in British IntellectualHistory; Leonard Woolf is not discussed specifically in these , but Annan'scriticisms clearly apply to his work.

6. Two unreprinted essays in the Cornhill give Stephen's views on literatureand morality quite clearly: 'Art and Morality' was written shortly after thepublication of Pater's Ttu Renaissance; 'T he Moral Element in Literature' isa defence of the ideas in 'Wordsworth's Ethics' that Arnold had criticised.

7. Stephen's letters to his wife, now in the Berg Collection, reveal him to beunhappy with omissions he felt forced to make, and, in his DNB account ofhis grandfather James Stephen, he concealed the parentage of an illegiti­mate son.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 3: SOME VICTORIAN VISIONS

I. One reason why Forster seems not to have forgotten the details of Rooks­nest is that he kept an account of it written when he was fifteen, just afterleaving the house, and then continued more than a half century later. Seethe Appendix to Howards End.

2. When A NinetttTIth-CtTltury Childhood was reissued in 1948 (with an intro­duction by John Betjeman describing it as 'a work of genius'), MaryMacCarthy changed some of the fictitious titles and place names to theiroriginals but kept the family name of Kestrell.

3. According to Keynes's mother, Florence Ada Keynes. Mark Rutherfordportrayed John Brown in TheRevolutitm in Tanner's Lane (F . A. Keynes, pp.21-2).

4. In 1899 Virginia Woolftumed a copy ofIsaac Watts's famous Logick into apalimpsest by pasting the pages of a fragmentary holiday diary into it,anticipating in a symbolic manner, perhaps, the way in which G. E.Moore's epistemology would underlie her later fiction. This Warboys diary

282 Notes

contains various kinds of writing, such as Ruskinian nature sketches(QB/VW, I 65-6) and another early satire, 'A Terrible Tragedy in a DuckPond', which makes fun of the Duckworths' name by imagining its origin inthe saving ofa duck for a king (pNY).

5. Virginia Woolf's obituary is reprinted in Winifred Gerin's Anne ThackerayRitcmt, a good biography for the Victorian backgrounds of Virginia Woolf.

6. Spilka notes the connection between this passage and Virginia Woolf'ssuicide (p. 124).

7. Leslie Stephen's side of the correspondence is now in the Berg, and JuliaStephen's manuscripts are in the library of Washington State University,Pullman, Washington.

8. See Virginia Woolf's 'Nurse Lugton's Curtain' and 'The Widow and theParrot' (CSF). One of Julia Stephen's stories has some faint connectionswith To th« lighthouse. In 'Emlycaunt', the name of a fairyland haven foranimals imagined by Vanessa and Thoby when they were very young(according to a note on the manuscript), the boy who visits this land on arocking horse has a sister named Lily; just before the visit he receives a toysailing boat for his birthday, but is told that because of the fog it cannot besailed on the Round Pond that day. An example of the pervasive socialmilieu of these stories, together with what must have been an allusion toVirginia, occurs in the beginning of a story about a monkey on a moor. Ayoung child named 'Ginia' buries her shoes and stockings in the sand, andis likened to a bare-legged little beggar girl when she has to be carriedhome.

9. In 'A Sketch of the Past' Virginia Woolf also says he never went to Italy orstayed in Paris (MB, p. 115), but ]. W. Bicknell, in an essay entitled 'MrRamsay was Young Once', notes that Stephen did in fact go to Italy on hishoneymoon and also visited Paris as well as Germany.

10. In his life of Fitzjames Stephen, Leslie writes that their father 'could notbear to have a looking glass in his room lest he should be reminded of hisown appearance. "I hate mirrors vitrical and human", he says whenwondering how he might appear to others' (p.51).

11. Virginia Woolf changed 'Common Rtader articles' to 'Literary Supplmztntarticles' in the revised version of her typescript, suggesting perhaps that shewas able to remedy these manners in turning her TLS articles into CommonRtader essays.

12. As she was finishing Roger Fry Virginia Woolf sought the opinions of Lydiaand Maynard Keynes about the matter: 'About Roger. "Can I mentionerection?" I asked. Lydia "What?" M [Maynard]. "Stiff" (their privateword). No you cant. I should mind your saying it. Such revelations have tobe in key with their time. The time not come yet' (D, v 256).

NOTES TO CHAFfER 4: HISTORY AND CLASSICS AT KING'SAND TRINITY

I. For an informative interpretation of Victorian Cambridge history, seeSheldon Rothblatt's The RnJolution ofthe Dons.

2. The couplet as quoted is attributed by Wingfield-Stratford to Stephen

Notes 283

(p. 158), but L. P. Wilkinson, quoting a somewhat different version, saysthe author was G. A. Falk (Kingsmen, p. 35).

3. Sheppard's paper is quoted and discussed by Furbank, who believes it canbe applied to Rickie and Ansell in The Longest Journey (EMF, I 104-7).

4. In the context of Bloomsbury, Maitland has been described as 'the father ofthe pluralist tradition in English political thought', whose awareness of theroles of social groups may have made Bloomsbury more acceptable (Crab­tree, pp. 19-20).

NOTE TO CHAPTER 5: ENGLISH LITERARY LECTURES,READING AND ESSAYS

1. Leonard Woolfs outline is with his papers at the University of Sussex;copies of his list of mystics are in Lytton Strachey's papers at the Univer­sity of Texas and Sydney-Turner's papers at the Huntington Library.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 6: MODERN READING

I. Stephen also appears to have been something of a misogynist. The firstmotion he proposed as founder of the Walpole debating-society at King's in1891 was 'That the Female Sex stands in need of repression', and it wascarried, with Oscar Browning and Lowes Dickinson in the minority(Wilkinson, Century, p. lSI). This sentiment may also have been an aspectof anti-Victorianism, however.

2. Leslie Stephen knew Hardy's Wessex Poems (1898), but there is no evidencehis children read it until later.

3. Clive Bell at Trinity once took to adjectivising Thoby Stephen's nicknameas 'Gothic' until Thoby started to call him 'Belloc' (CB/pTC).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 7: PHILOSOPHY AND THECAMBRIDGE APOSTLES

I. I have capitalised the words 'Idealism', 'Realism' and 'Materialism' whenthey refer to particular philosophies; uncapitalised, they are used in theirmore ordinary senses. I have also capitalised 'Ideal' when it refers to theIdeal in Principia Ethica, in order to distinguish it more clearly from othersenses of the word.

2. Leslie Stephen's highly critical DNB life of Maurice approvingly recordsthat he was described as a 'muddy mystic' by some people. Stephen alsonotes Maurice's affinities with Coleridge and the Cambridge Platonists.The Bentham-Coleridge Victorian dichotomy seems to have been man­ifested to some extent in the Apostles, and vestiges ofit might be seen in theSociety's later Trinity-King's divisions.

3. Keynes apparently knew nothing of Sidgwick's friendship with JohnAddington Symonds or of Symonds's relationship with Sidgwick's brother(d. Grosskurth).

284 Notes

4. Whitehead's recollections of the Society, as well as those of Dickinson thatfollow, are described in a letter Strachey wrote to Leonard Woolfin Ceylonafter an extraordinary meeting of the Society on 18 March 1905 (21.iii.05,pT). (Neither letter nor meeting have been mentioned in published biog­raphies, memoirs or histories of the Apostles.) At this meeting J. T.Sheppard read a paper entitled 'Shall We Broaden Our Base?', in which hedefended the Society's failure to elect more members. In the ensuingdiscussion, according to Strachey's letter, Keynes, Russell, Whitehead,Strachey himself, MacCarthy and Dickinson all spoke about the historyand purposes of the Society in their time.

5. Trevelyan was not even an active Apostle at the same time as Strachey andKeynes, though his concern for politics continued to be reflected inApostolic papers such as Leonard Woolfs on the two Georges, Trevelyanand Moore (see Ch. 11). A list of the Apostles from 1822 to 1914 with thedates that most of them joined and resigned from the Society is given inLevy (pp. 300-11).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 8: DICKINSON AND MeTAGGART

1. When D. H. Lawrence came to Cambridge during the war as BertrandRussell's guest to talk about solutions to the war, he particularly wanted tomeet Dickinson, though later he described him along with Cambridge asEngland's disease, not its hope (Letters, III 49). It is likely that Lawrenceread some of Dickinson's early work, such as The Greek View ofLife, whereat one point he describes how Aristophanes accused Euripides of 'loweringthe tragic art by introducing - what? Women in love! The central theme ofmodem tragedy!' Dickinson goes on to quote in Frere's famous translationof The Frogs Aeschylus's disclaimer: 'Indeed I should doubt if my dramathroughout / Exhibit an instance of women in love!' (p. 158).

2. Dickinson mistakenly says (and Forster repeats it) that Principia Ethicacame out while he was writing The Meaning ofGood in 1901, and that hetried rather futilely at the last moment to dodge the naturalistic fallacy(Autobiography, p. 164). Principia Ethica actually appeared two years afterThe Meaning of Good, but Moore had developed his ideas about theindefinability of good in a series of lectures on ethics given in London in1898 and subsequently discussed in Apostle meetings (Rosenbaum,'Moore's Elements'). Dickinson, of course, would have known of Sidg­wick's The Methods ofEthics, which influenced Moore's formulation of thenaturalistic fallacy.

3. Dickinson's remarks on Sanger first appeared in the Nation and Athenaeum,22 Feb 1930, and were quoted by Keynes in the EconomicJournal and againin the New Statesman and Nation (CW, x 325,340). Noel Annan used themagain recently to conclude his rewritten life of Leslie Stephen.

4. Some Dogmas of Religion brought McTaggart a fan letter from ThomasHardy, who wrote that in The Dynasts he was trying to sketch a negativephilosophy not all that different from McTaggart's. In addition to Hardyand Yeats, McTaggart also impressed two modem novelists in differentways. H. G. Wells mocked him in The New Machiavelli (1911) as Codger,

Notes 285

whose 'woven thoughts' lay across the narrator's perception of realitieswhen he was his student at Cambridge (ch. 3). Wells's antipathy may haveincreased the admiration of one of his writer loves, Dorothy Richardson. InDeadlock (1921), the sixth novel of Pilgrimage, she represented McTaggartin propria persona as a lecturer in philosophy who influences the heroinetowards a mystical individualism (ch. 7; C. Blake, pp. 57ff.).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 9: RUSSELL

1. For an excellent account of these paradoxes and Russell's technicalphilosophy as a whole, its relation to Moore's and to the development ofmodem analytic philosophy, see John Passmore's A Hundred Years ofPhilosophy, to which I am indebted throughout this account of Blooms­bury's philosophical backgrounds.

2. Russell's criticism of Bergson first appeared in the Monist in July 1912, andwas reprinted as a pamphlet in 1914. When Russell came to write A HistoryofWestern Philosophy, he included it as the chapter on Bergson. Revising thehistory in 1961, Russell cut his discussion down because he no longerthought Bergson important enough to merit an entire chapter.

3. 'Principia Ethica", in the Cambridge Review for 3 December 1903, is unsignedbut obviously by Russell; his signed 'The Meaning of Good' appeared inthe March 1904 issue of the Independent Review.

4. In Russell's account of the Apostles there is the same chronologicalconfusion of the tum of the century with a period around the First WorldWar as is to be found in Keynes's memoir. Russell, for example, describesKeynes at the time he was an undergraduate being besieged by theVice-Chancellor about university business (Autobiography, 171).

5. Clive Bell's reply to Russell's request is suspicious of a hoax (RussellArchives), but there was in his library at Charleston a copy of Introduction toMathematical Philosophy inscribed 'with grateful acknowledgements / fromBertrand Russell'.

NOTES TO CHAPTER 10: MOORE

I. Keynes's recent biographer Robert Skidelsky is fully aware of Moore'sinfluence and provides detailed evidence for it from Cambridge writings ofKeynes overlooked by Levy (Skidelsky, I 133-60).

2. Stuart Hampshire's description of Spinoza and Leibniz suggests many ofthe parallels to Moore and Russell:

Nearly equal in intellectual stature and always concerned with the samefundamental problems, the two philosophers were utterly opposed intemperament and ambition, and in their conceptions of the philosopher'srole in society. Leibniz, multifariously active and accessible, organizing,power-loving, avaricious, was a courtier and politician, a man of encyc­lopaedic knowledge and many attainments; he was immersed in thepublic life of his time at every point, writing and publishing incessantly

286 Notes

on a great variety of subjects in response to some immediate need orrequest.... By contrast Spinosa was inaccessible, secluded, unworldly,and self-sufficient; his whole life was narrowly concentrated in construct­ing a single metaphysical system and in drawing moral implicationsfrom it, and even his political writings were studiously remote from theactual details of current affairs. Leibniz, with his prodigies of technicalinvention, has posthumously remained in the main stream of Europeanlogic and science, while Spinoza has always been islanded and has left nolegacy of logical invention. (pp. 233-4)

3. It is not surprising that critics have found Virginia Woolfs work amenableto phenomenological description. Franz Brentano, who developed di.einfluential idea of the intentionality of consciousness, was a teacher ofFreud's and Husserl's as well as an important influence on Moore andRussell (Passmore, pp. 202-6; Chisholm).

4. A number of Moore's Apostle and Sunday Essay Society papers arediscussed in Levy, but not The Elements oj Ethics or 'The Value of Religion'- lectures which are so important in the early development of his moralphilosophy.

5. Monroe Beardsley has pointed out that Moore's definition is difficult toreconcile with his arguments against the value of beautiful objects unper­ceived by anyone - objects that Sidgwick thought valuable (p.545).

6. Sturge Moore attended his brother's lectures in London in 1898, sendinghis detailed notes to G. E. Moore for criticism. G. E. in turn helped Sturgeedit Shakespeare and translate various authors from the Greek, whichSturge did not know (Legge, pp.97, 123). But G. E. Moore did notappreciate his brother's aesthetic criticism and complained to LeonardWoolf that the philosophy in it, like all bad philosophy, was vague,inconsequent and false, resembling a sermon whose purpose is 'to makeyou appreciate good things' (LW/S, p. 139).

NOTES TO CHAPTER 11: MEMOIRS, APOSTLE PAPERS ANDOTHER ESSAYS

1. Linda Hutcheon has pointed out in Formalism andtheFreudian Aesthetic: TheExample oj Charles Mauron how the influence of Claude Bernard's experi­mental methodology on Mauron may well have shaped Fry's later scientificviews. But earlier, during the period of his Vision and Design essays forexample, Fry appears to have been interested in Pearson's philosophy ofscience and then Bertrand Russell's as developed in Our Knowledge oj theExternal World.

2. The quotation of this passage has been corrected from the manuscript,which, along with Strachey's other unpublished Cambridge writings, is inthe possession of the Strachey Trust.

NOTE TO CHAPTER 12: POEMS, PLAYS, PARODIES

1. In addition to the seven poems listed in Michael Edmonds's bibliographyof Strachey (pp, 75-6), there are two more almost certainly by Strachey:

Notes 287

'The Penultimates', signed 'G. L. S.' in the Cambridge RerJiew, XXUl (28 Nov1901) 102, and 'A Chinese Epitaph' signed 'Se Lig' (which , like 'Selig' , theauthor of 'The Monk ', was Strachey's first name spelled backwards) in theCambridge Review, xxv (26 May 19(4) 323.

Bibliography

This bibliography is divided into two parts: first, works bymembers of the Bloomsbury Group, then other works. The placeof publication is London unless otherwise stated. Short titlereferences used in the text are given in square brackets at the endof the entry.

WRITINGS BY THE BLOOMSBURY GROUP

Bell, Clive, Art (Chatto & Windus, 1914). [A]--, 'George Bernard S!uJ.w by G. K. Chesterton', Athnuuum, 11 Sept 1909, pp.

291-2 ['Shaw']--, Old Friends: Personal Recollections (Chatto & Windus, 1956). [OF]--, Papers, Trinity College, Cambridge. [p'TC]--, Pot-Boilers (Chatto & Windus, 1918). [PB]Bell, Quentin, Bloomsbury (Futura, 1974).--, Virginia Woolf: A Biography, 2 vols (Hogarth Press, 1972). [QB/VW]Bell, Vanessa, Notes on Virginia's Childhood: A Memoir, ed, Richard J. Schaubeck,

Jr (New York: Frank Hallman, 1974). [Notes]--, Papers, in possession of Angelica Garnett. [pAG]Forster, E. M., Abinger Harvest (Edward Arnold, 1936). [AH]--, Albergo Empedocie and Other Writings, ed, George H. Thomson (New York:

Liveright, 1971). [AE]--, Aspects of the Novel and Relatld Writings, Abinger Edition, XII, ed, Oliver

Stallybrass (Edward Arnold, 1974). [AN]--, Commonplace Book (Scalar Press, 1978). [CB]--, 'E. M. Forster on his Life and his Books', interview with David Jones,

Listener, I Jan 1959, pp. 11-12.--, Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson andRelated Writings, Abinger Edition, XIII, ed,

Oliver Stallybrass (Edward Arnold, 1973). [GLD]--, 'How I Lost My Faith', Humanist, LXXVIII (1963) 262-6.--, Howards End, Abinger Edition, IV, ed. Oliver Stallybrass (Edward

Arnold, 1973). [HE]--, The Longest journey, Abinger Edition, II, ed. Elizabeth Heine (Edward

Arnold, 1984). [Lj]--, Marianne Thornton: A Domestic Biography (Edward Arnold, 1956). [MT]--, Maurice (Edward Arnold, 1971). [M]--, Papers, King's College, Cambridge. [pKC]

288

Bibliography 289

--, 'Recollectionism', New Statesman and Nation, 13 Mar 1937, pp. 405-6.--, Two Cheers for Democnuy , Abinger Edition, VI, ed. Oliver Stallybrass

(Edward Arnold, 1972). [2CD]Fry, Roger, Last Lectures, intro. Kenneth Clark (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni­

versity Press, 1939). [LL]--, Letters ofRoger Fry, ed. Denys Sutton, 2 vols (Chatto & Windus, 1972).

[L]--, 'Modern Painting by George Moore', Cambridge Review, XXII (june 1893)

417-19; repro in The Cambridge Mind, ed. Eric Hornberger et al . OonathanCape, 1970) pp. 211-14. ['Modern Painting']

--, Papers, King's College, Cambridge. [pKC]--, (ed.), Sir Joshua Reynolds: Discourses Delivered to the Students of the Royal

Academy (Seeley, 1905). [Reynolds]Grant, Duncan, Papers, British Library. [pBL]--, '''Where Angels Fear to Tread": A Memoir of the Apostles', Duncan

Grant papers in possession of Henrietta Garnett. ['Where Angels']Keynes, John Maynard, The Collected Writings, ed. Donald Moggridge and

Elizabeth Johnson, 30 vols (Macmillan, 1971- ). [CW]--, Papers, King's College, Cambridge. [pKC]--, Papers, Marshall Library, Cambridge. [pML]MacCarthy, Desmond, Criticism (Putnam, 1932). [C]--, Experience (Putnam, 1935). [E]--, Humanities (Macgibbon & Kee, 1953). [H]--, Leslie Stephen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1937). [Stephen]--, 'Oscar Wilde and the Literary Club Theatre', Speaker, XIV (7 July 1906)

315-16. ['Wilde']--, Memories (Macgibbon & Kee, 1953). [M]--, Portraits, I (Putnam, 1931). [P]--, Papers, Lord David Cecil. [pC]MacCarthy, Mary, A Nineteenth-Century Childhood (Heinemann, 1924) [NC];

rev. edn, intro. John Betjeman (Heinemann, 1948).Strachey, Lytton, Books and Characters, French & English (Chatto & Windus,

1922). [BC]--, Characters and Commentaries (Chatto & Windus, 1933). [CC]--, 'Ely: An Ode', Prolusiones Academicae (Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 1902).--, Eminent Victorians (Chatto & Windus, 1918). [EV]--, 'A Frock-Coat Portrait of a Great King', Daily Mail, II Oct 1928, p. 10.

['Frock-Coat']-- (signed 'G. L. S.'), 'From the Persian', Cambridge Review, XXIV (5 Feb

1903) 168.--, Landmarks in French Literature, Home University Library of Modern

Knowledge (Williams and Norgate, [1912]). [LFL]--, Lytton Strachey by Himself: A Self Portrait, ed. Michael Holroyd

(Heinemann, 1971). [LSH]--, Papers, British Library. [pBL]--, Papers, Robert H. Taylor Collection, Princeton University Library. [pP]--, Papers, Humanities Research Center, University of Texas. [pT]--, Papers, the Strachey Trust. [pST]

290 Bibliography

-- (signed 'G. L. S.'), 'The Penultimates', Cambridge Review, XXIII (28 Nov1901) 102.

--, Portraits in Miniature (Chatto & Windus, 1931). [PM]--, The Really Interesting Q1lestion and Otlur Papers, ed. Paul Levy (Weidenfeld

& Nicolson, 1972). [RlQ]--, TheShorter StrfUhey, ed. Michael Holroyd and Paul Levy (Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 1980). [SS]--, Spectatorial Essays, ed. James Strachey (Chatto & Windus, 1964). [SE]--, Virginia Woolfand Lytton Strachey: Letters, ed. Leonard Woolf and James

Strachey (Hogarth Press, 1956). [LVWLS]Woolf, Leonard, After tlu Deluge: A Study ofCommunal Psychology, 2 vols (Hogarth

Press, 1931 and 1939). [AD]--, 'Autobiography of Bertrand Russell: Volume n', Political Qparterly, XXXIX

(1968) 343-7. ['Autobiography of Russell']--, Beginning Again: An Autobiography of tlu Years 19J1-1918 (Hogarth Press,

1964). [BA]--, 'A Case for Treatment', Encounter, xxx (May 1968) 91. ['Case']--, 'Coming to London', Coming to London, ed. John Lehmann (Phoenix

House, 1959, pp. 27-35. ['Coming']--, Downhill All the Way: An Autobiography of tiu Years 1919-1939 (Hogarth

Press, 1967). [DAW]--, Essays on Literature, History, Politics, Etc. (Hogarth Press, 1927). [E]--, Growing: An Autobiography of th« Years 1904-19Jl (Hogarth Press, 1961).

[G]--, Interview, 20 June 1966.--, Papers, University of Sussex. [pS]--, Principia Politico: A Stu4J of Communal Psychology (Hogarth Press, 1953).

[PPJ--, Sowing: An Autobiography ofth« Years 1880-1904 (Hogarth Press, 1960). [S]--, The Wise Virgins: A Story of Words, Opinions and a Few Emotions (Hogarth

Press, 1979). [WV]Woolf, Virginia, Books and Portraits, ed. Mary Lyon (Hogarth Press, 1977).

[BP]--, 'A Cockney': Farming Experiences' and 'The Experiences ofa Paterfamilias', ed.

Suzanne Henig (San Diego, Calif.: San Diego State University Press, 1972).--, Collected Essays, ed. Leonard Woolf, 4 vols (Hogarth Press, 1966-7). [CE]--, The Complete Shorter Fiction of Virginia Woolf, ed. Susan Dick (Hogarth

Press, 1985). [CSF]--, Contemporary Writers (Hogarth Press, 1965). [CW]--, The Diary of Virginia Woolf, ed. Anne Olivier Bell, assisted by Andrew

McNeillie, 5 vols (Hogarth Press, 1978-84). [D]--, A Haunted House and Othe: Short Stories, Uniform Edition (Hogarth Press,

1953). [HH]--,Jacob's Room, Uniform Edition (Hogarth Press, 1945). UR]--, 'Lady Ritchie', TLS, 6 Mar 1919, p. 123; repro in Winifred Gerin, Anne

Thackeray Ritchie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981) pp. 279-84.--, TheLetters of Virginia Woolf, ed. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann, 6

vols (Hogarth Press, 1975-80). [L]--, 'The Method of Henry James', TLS, 26 Dec 1918, p. 655.

Bibliography 291

--, 'Mr Henry James's Latest', Guardian, 22 Feb 1905, p. 339.--, Moments of Being: Unpublished AutobiographUal Writings, 2nd edn, ed,

Jeanne Schulkind (Hogarth Press, 1985). [MB]--, MondJJyor Tuesday (Hogarth Press, 1921).--, Orlando (Hogarth Press, 1928).--, Papers, University of Sussex. [pS]--, Papers, Berg Collection, New York Public Library. [pNY]-, A Room ofOne's Own (Hogarth Press, 1929). [RO]--, Roger Fry: A Biography (Hogarth Press, 1940). [RF]--, 'A Sketch of the Past', typescript, Add. MS 61973, British Library

('Sketch' TS)--, 'The Schoolroom Floor', TLS, 2 Oct 1924, p. 609. ['Schoolroom']--, Three Guineas (Hogarth Press, 1938). [3G]--, Virginia Woolfand Lytton Strrulr.ty: Letters, ed, Leonard Woolf and James

Strachey (Hogarth Press, 1956). [LVWLS]

2 OTHER WRITINGS

Allen, Peter, The Cambridge Apostles: The Ear~ Years (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1978).

Annan, Noel, The Curious Strength ofPositivism in English Politual Thought (OxfordUniversity Press, 1959).

--, 'Editor's Introduction', Leslie Stephen, Selected Writings in British IntellectualHistory (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1979) pp. xi-xxx.

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IndexReferences to writings are given under their authors or editors and cross-referenced onlywhen unidentified in the text.

Acton, Lord, 114, 262Addison, Joseph, 136'AE',141Aeschylus, 120, 274; Agamemrum, 112,

275-6; Clwepkuri, 275Agnosticism, 23, 38, 43, 79, 96, 97, 98, 110,

264Aiken, Conrad, 14Ainger, Alfred, 129Ainsworth, A. R., 258Albert, Prince, 257Allen, Peter, 165-6Annan, Noel, 23,42,51,59,281,284Apennines (King's society), 129, 135,243Apostles, The Cambridge, Ill, 118, 119,

121,126,149,162,191,203,206,207,212,250, 268, 284

Bloomsbury Group origins in, 129,165-6; continuation of, 251

Dickinson and, 165, 171, 176-7,255,284

discussions in, 129, 165-6, 167, 171-5,255-6

Forster and, 102, 157, 165, 172, 174,243; papers for, 255-6

Fry and, 165, 171; papers for, 251-2,263

Grant and, 250-1history of, 165-75,284homosexuality and, 172, 173-4, 184,

187, 197,244-5,248,249jargon of, 169,231Keynes and, 135, 172-5, 196,209,255,

284; papers for, 260-2, 263King's and Trinity states of mind in,

115, 156, 173, 176, 283MacCarthy and, 126, 165, 197,243,279,

284; papers for, 171-2, 255McTaggart and, 102, 165, 167, 170-1,

187-8, 190Moore and, 165, 197, 170-1, 173-4,

209,214-18,220-1,226-7,228,244,255

nature of, 164-75, 250-1papers of Bloomsbury Group for,

251-63; genre of, 251, 256philosophy and, 163-75, 182politics and, 174, 248, 257-8, 259reality, concern for, 168-9,256-7,

259-60Russell and, 165, 170-1, 173-5, 193-7,

203, 206, 207, 209-10, 244, 284Sidgwick and, 24, 167-71Stracheyand, 118, 167, 170-5, 197,255,

284; papers for, 256-8, 263Whitehead and, 167, 171, 284women and, 195,252,276-8Woolf, L., and, 165, 169, 172-3, 197,

248; papers for, 258-60Woolf, V., and, 165,166-7,248-9,254,

276-8Aristotle, 219, 232, 271Arnold, Matthew, 28, 31, 35, 42, 99, 180,

183, 232Arnold, Dr Thomas, 101-2Asquith, Margot, 211Atheism, 11,23,33,38, 110,264Atkenaerun, 152Auden, W. H., 98Austen, Jane, 99, 127, 130, 133

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 181Bacon, Francis, 130, 131, 138Baring, Maurice, 73Barrie, J. M., Peter Pan, 153Basi/eoM, 274-5Bate, Francis, 253Baudelaire, Charles, 112Beardsley, Monroe, 286Beaumont, Francis and John Fletcher,

Maid's Tragedy, 128Beddoes, Thomas, 128

300

Index 301

Beerbohm, Max, 29, 31, 37, 154, 155Beethoven, Ludwig van, 151, 179,266Bell, Clive (C. Bell), 1,4,32,88, 101, 152,

153, 156, 164,208, 271aesthetics of, 29, 32-3, 44-5, 278; and

A. C. Bradley, 32-3, 125; andKant, 29; and Moore , 29, 234-5;and Plato, 29; and I . A. Richards,125, 237

Bloomsbury Group, members, and , II ,242,243-7,248; origin s and ,128-9, 242; set also writings

Cambridge and, 44, 112, 115, 118;reading at, 116, 128-9

family, II, 59McTaggart and, 189, 246Moore and, 29, 216, 226, 234-5, 245,

246Russell and, 202, 212, 285Stephen, T ., and, 129, 245, 246, 283Strachey and, 245-6, 250, 256writings : 10; Art, 15,32,235; Cambridge

memoirs, 128-9, 242, 243-7;Cambridge poetry, 143, 265;CioiliztUioft , II, 18; essays of, 31;fiction of, 245-6; Lmtl7ft4rkJinNirutetftlh -Cnmry Paifttiftg, 25; OldFrimds,6O, 112, 118, 128-9,212,228-9, 245-7; Pot-Boilers, 152;'Shaw by Chesterton' , 153;'Vocation', 245-6

Bell, Julian,S, 56; poetry of, 143Bell, Quentin, 5, 59, 215, 279Bell, Vanessa (V. Bell), I, 4, 77,87, 93,

142, 144, 249art by, 13-14, 225, 250-1 , 262Bloomsbu ry Group members and , 244,

245, 247,249-51education of, 98-9Moore and, 226, 249, 250Stephen, L., and, 87-8, 89Woolf, V., and, 5,51 , 65, 199;

dustjackets of books by, 13-14;education with, 98-9; as reformers ,106

writings : Memoir Club papers, 60, 77,79, 92, 242, 249; NOleJ Oft Virgiftia'JChiltlJrood, 86, 98; 'OldBloomsbury', 93

Bellini, Giovanni, 147Belloc, Hilaire, ISSBennett, Arnold, 80, 83, 125Benson , A. C., From a College Wirttlow , 277Benson, E. F., 242

Bentham, Jeremy, 24-5, 168,215,230,261,283

Bentley, Edmund Clerihew, 105Bentley, Richard, 118Berenson , Bernard, 154Bergson, Henri, 201, 224, 237, 285Berkeley, George, 161, 202Bernard, Claude, 286Betjeman , John, 281Bible, 67, 138, 198,212Bicknell, John W., 43, 282Binyon, Laurence, 141Birrell, Augustine, ISS; Ohiter Dicta , ISSBirrell, Francis,S, 155, 250Blake, William, 133,254; SOftgJ of IMocmce ,

133Bloomsbury, use of term, 7Bloomsbury (district) , 4, 62, 68, 212Bloomsbury Group, The, Jet also Apostles,

C. Bell, V. Bell, Forster, Fry, Grant,Keynes, MacCarthy, T . Stephen,Strachey, Sydney-Turner, L. Woolf,V. Woolf

aesthetics and aestheticism: 21, 28-34,46-7; aestheti c experience in, 46,48; C. Bell and , 32; A. C. Bradle yand, 32-3, 125; Cambridge and,30; fonnalism of, 11 -12, 13,32,44,125; Forster on, 243; Frenchsources of, 29, 32; Fry and, 31, 243;James and , 31, 148-50; Kant and ,29; Moore and , 230, 234; Pa ter and,30-1 ,46, 144; Tolstoy and , 32,234

definition, members, nature of, 1,3-7,211-12,279; Old and New, 4-5,15

Dickinson and , 180,210; personal andintellectual significance for,176-86, 193; writings and , 177-80

education of, 98-106; Cambridgeliterary, 109-57; Cambridgephilosophical, 161-238; classics in,98-9,101 ,104-5,111-13,115-16,118-22; history in, 43-4, 99,111-14, 116-18, 122

families, class of, 3, 11,59,61-2,73,212; autobiographical visions of,58-106; matriarchies andsisterhoods in, 59, 67, 69

intellectual origins of, 21-34; aesthetic,II ~12 , 28-34; philosophical,u -rz, 24-6, 33-4; political , ll ,26-8,33-4; religious, 11,21-4,33-4

302 Index

Bloomsbury Group, The (contd)liberalism and, 11,21,26-8,33-4, 180,

257-8, 264, 286literary history, nature, periods, and

premisses of, 1-18, 161-2McTaggart and, 176, 186-92, 193Moore and, 3, 6-7, 11-12, 23,40,

163-4,176,209,214-18; aestheticsand, 29-30, 230, 234-5; analyticmethod and, 218-21; conception ofphilosophy and, 217, 219-20;epistemology and, 218, 221-5;ethics and, 24-6, 218, 226-37;intellectual and personalsignificance of, 193, 214-38;literary significance for, 218, 225;organic unity theory and, 7, 228;philosophy of mind and, 224

mysticism and, 12, 18, 23, 26, 110,132-3, 204-5

origins of, 2, 111-12, 128-9, 165-6,241-7

philosophy and, 11-12,24-6,33-4,43,125, 198; at Cambridge, 11, 110,149, 152, 161-238; Kant and, 25,231; Nee-Platonism and, 12,25-6,163; philosophical plain style and,188,204; Plato, Platonism, and, 12,23,163,230; utilitarianism and, 21,24-8, 33, 161-4; SII alsoBloomsbury Group and Dickinson,McTaggart, Moore, Russell, andL. Stephen

reading of, 127-30, 138-9; moderndrama, 151-3; modern fiction,143-51; modern non-fiction,154-7; modern poetry, 139-43

reality as value of, 68, 79-81, 169,256-7,259-60

religious attitudes of, II, 12, 21-4,33-4, 250, 273; atheism and, II,23, 33, 38, 110

Russell and, 6; conception of philosophyand, 198, 200, 213; epistemology,I~c, and, 193-4, 200-2; ethicsand, 202-6; mathematics and,198-200; moral and logicaldiscrepancy of, 213; mysticism,logic and, 204-5; personal andintellectual significance for,193-213; social, political,historical, popular philosophicalwritings and, 193, 202-3, 206-9;style and, 203-4

Stephen, L., and, 35-57, 123-4, 151,249; aesthetic disagreement with,45-7; biography and, 44, 51-5;intellectual and literary historyand, 43-5; moral philosophy and,38-42

Victorians and, 205, 225-30; beliefs of,21-34; families of, 58-100; SII alsoBloomsbury Group and families,intellectual origins, reading,L. Stephen, writings

writings: Apostle papers, 251-63;autobiographical and biographical,2,21,44,51-7,58-61,63-106,241-50; Cambridge essays,241-64; Cambridge parodies,272-8; Cambridge plays, 270-2;Cambridge poems, 265-70, 276;character-writing, 120, 274-5;chronology of, 2, 14-16; Englishessays, 131-7; genre mixture of,8-9; interpretation of texts, 8-10;interrelatedness of, 1-2, 10-14,15-16; literariness of, 8-10; mutualcriticism of, 6, 12-13; picture andtext relations of, 13-14; range of,8-10; rational and visionary valuein, 17-18

Blunt, Anthony, 174Boehme, Jacob, 132Bradley, A. C., 125-6, 127; 'Poetry for

Poetry's Sake', 32-3, 125Bradley, F. H., 43,125,186, 188, 190, 195,

219,222Braithwaite, R. B., 164, 215Brenan, Gerald, 5Brentano, Franz, 280, 286Bridges, Robert, 141Broad, C. D., 189, 191Bronte, Charlotte, 127Bronte, Emily, 127Brooke, Rupert, 261Brown, John, 76,281Browne, Sir Thomas, 128, 130, 136, 138,

258Browning, Oscar, 113-14, 166, 184,283Browning, Robert, 35, 130, 131, 138-9,

186,266,267; Return ofthe Drum, 128;'Saul', 190

Bunyan, John, 22, 76Burgess, Guy, 174Burke, Edmund, 135Burne-jones, Edward, 91Burns, Robert, 131

Index 303

Burton, Robert, 128, 258Bury ,J. B., 117Bussy, Dorothy, Olivia, 97-8Butler, Joseph, 228Butler, Samuel, 31, 14-3, 14-6-7, 150, 154-,

24-7; Ernohon , 14-6; Erewhon Rtuisited,14-6; Fair Haum, 14-7; Note-Boob, 14-7;Way ofAll Flesh, 14-6-7

Byron , George Gordon, Lord, 116, 131,136,259

Caesar, Julius, 272-3Calverley, C. S., 14-3Cambridge Apostles, see Apostles, The

CambridgeCambridge Conversazione Society , see

Apostles, The CambridgeCambridge Fortnightly, 24-2Cambridge Modern History, 117, 262Cambridge Platonists, 12, 163, 183, 283Cambridge Review, 24-6, 253, 262, 267, 275,

287Cambridge Union, 262Cambridge Un iversity, 110, 112, 113-14-,

115,166-7,172,185-6,214-,236,24-9- 50; seealso Apostles , C . Bell,Forster, Fry, Keynes, MacCarthy,L. Stephen, T . Stephen, Strachey,Sydney-Turner, L. Woolf, andV. Woolf

Bloomsbury Group origins at , 2, II,111-12, 129,24-1-8

Bloomsbury Group reading at, 127-31 ,138-57

Bloomsbury Group writingsat and of,essays , 131-7,251-64-; memoirs,24-1 -51 ; parodies, 272-8; plays .270-2; poems, 265-70, 276

class ics at , 110-11 , 112-13, 118-22Girton, 124-history at, III, 112-18, 122King's College, 111-14-, 122, 129, 156,

173,176,24-2,250-1,256,262,276.283

lectures on English literature at, 123-5,126

Newnham College, 121, l4-2Oxford and, 30, 162, 172, 188philosophy at, 11-12, III, 161-238poets and poetry at, 110, 116, 14-3, 268societies, discussion and literary, at,

123,128-9,131,164,172,251 ; seealso Apostles

Trinity College, III, 114--22, 123,

128-9,139,156,173,176,186,24-6,24-9, 256, 262, 283

tripos , 111-12, 250-1women and, 110, 113, 167, 185,273; see

also V. WoolfCameron, Julia Margaret, 85Campbell, Roy, 211Carlyle, Thomas, 24-, 28,4-2, 52, 56, 87, 88,

99, 116, 119, 127, 14-3, lSi, 155Carpenter, Edward, 139-400, 14-6, 156-7,

180,24-2; Homogmic Love, 156; Love'sCuming of Age, 156

Carroll, Lewis, 186,212Case, Janet, 99, 14-2Catullus, 269, 273Cecil, David, 279Cezanne, Paul, 14-0, 152Chaucer, Geoffrey, 129Chekhov, Anton, l4-, 14-5, lSIChesterfield, Lord, 136-7Chesterton, Cecil, 105, 155Chesterton, G. K., 105, 153, 155Chisholm, Roderick, 280Christ, Jesus, 219, 226, 232, 258Clapham Sect, 22-4, 70-2Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 116Clark, George, 123Clark, Kenneth , 9Clark Lectures, 123-5, 127, 134-, 136Clemenceau, Georges, 181Cleopatra, 273Clifford, W. K., 164Clifton, 101-2, 121Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 24-, 4-2, 4-8, 116,

230,283Collins, Churton, 125. 131Congreve, William, 48 , 130; Lovefor Love,

48; WI!)' ofthe World, 128Conrad,Joseph, 143-4, 154­Cooper, James Fenimore, 263Corelli, Marie, 138Comhill, 42, 56, 124, 14-8, 155Court Theatre, 153Crome, John, 235

Dante Alighieri, 127, 129, 138; Vita Nuoua ;190

Darwin, Charles, 4-0, 42, 4-4, 45, 14-6Davidson, John, 141Day Lewis, C ., 14-Degas, Edgar, 245Dickens, Charles, 24, 127, 134; Bleak

House, 134; A Chris/mas Carol , 134;

304 Index

Pickwicle Papers, 134; A Tale ofTwoCities, 134

Dickinson, Emily, 139Dickinson, Goldsworthy Lowes, 176-86,

283Apostles and, 167, 171, 176-7,206,208,

255, 284Bloomsbury Group and, 176-86, 193,

210; se« also Dickinson and Fry,Keynes, L. Woolf, and V. Woolf

Cambridge tradition, on, 185-6charm and character of, 176, 179, 183-4Forster biography of, 112-13, 176-7,

183-4,186Fry and, 176, 179-80, 181-2, 184,242,

252Ideal of, 177, 182, 232Keynes and, 176, 181McTaggart and, 176, 180-3, 184-5,

186,206Moore and, 181-2, 184,216-17,229,

236,284Platonism, Neoplatonism, and, 163,

181,183politics and, 176, 180-1, 184,208Russell and, 180, 182, 203Woolf, L., and, 179, 181Woolf, V., and, 178-9,236writings: 157, 177-80, 181, 204; After

2000 Years, 178, 182; Autobiography,113, 178, 182, 184, 187; 'Dialogueas a Literary Form', 178; Grille ViewofLife, 177, 183; InlmuJti01llllAnarchy, 177, 180-1; JusticeandLiberty, 178, 180; Letters frtnnJohnChinaman, 178, 183; Magic Flute,177; McTaggart, 190, 191; Meaningof Good, 178, 182, 284; MotimlSymposium, 178, 180; 'Shall WeElect God?', 177; 'The Wanderingjew', 181

Dictionary ofNational Biography, 52, 55, 59,85,116,120, 181; Bloomsbury Groupand, 52, 54-5, 59, 116, 124; Englishliterary history and, 124; L. Stephenand,44,48,54-5,56,59,84, 124, 134,281; 283

Dobson, Austin, 141Dostoevsky, Feodor, 14, 145, 220; The

Insulted and the Injured, 150Dreadnought Hoax, 250, 277Dreyfus Affair, 247-8, 257Dryden, john, 47,116,133-4Duckworth family, 282

Duckworth, George, 89, 90-3Duckworth, Gerald, 89, 90, 148, 249; se«

also Gerald Duckworth lit Co.Duckworth, Stella, 77, 78,82,87, 147Duff, j. D., 167Durer, Albrecht, 141

Eckhard, johannes, 132Ecorunnic Consequences ofthe Peace, TIle, Sll

J. M. KeynesEdinburgh Review, 147Edmonds, Michael, 286Edwardian Bloomsbury, 2, 15Eliot, George, 53,93, 127, 133Eliot, T. S., 6, 14, 35, 139, 161, 190, 210,

211,218; Homage toJohn Dryden, 134;Wasteland, 15

Elizabethan literature, 127-8,245Elton, Charles, 139; 'Luriana, Lurilee',

139Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 132, 139Ends, Sll Means and endsEnglish literary history, 17,44-5, 124,

154,156English literary lectures and societies at

Cambridge, 123-5, 131English literature, study and teaching of at

Cambridge, Ill, 119, 120, 123-5,127,167

Epicureanism, 252Erasmus, 116Eton, 73-7,101,102-3, III, 135, 142,262Euphrosyne, 265, 278Euripides, 120, 183, 273-4, 275Evangelicalism, II, 21-4, 33, 43, 73, 109

Fabians, The, 181Falk, G. A., 113, 282-3Faulkner, William, 50Fielding, Henry, 127, 130, 134; TomJones,

134Fitzgerald, Edward, Rubtiryat of Omar

Khayydm, 130, 139Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 50Flaubert, Gustave, 254; Madame Bovary,

260Fletcher, John and Francis Beaumont,

Maid's Tragedy, 128Forster, E. M., 11,27,44,59, 70-1, 110,

114, 126, 190,204,208, 278aesthetics, aestheticism, and, 28-31, 32,

125,243-4,253Apostles and, 115, 165, 172, 174; papers

for, 255-6

Index 305

Bloomsbury Group members and, I, 5,156,242-3,244,247,251,260,263;Stt also Forster and Strachey,L. Woolf, and V. Woolf

Cambridge and, 111-14, 119, 129, 172,249-50; reading at, 139-41,143-51, 151, 153, 155, 156-7

Dickinson and, se« writingsfamily, 59-60, 69-73; family houses,

70-2,95literary history and, 14,44, 133-4McTaggart, and, 187, 189, 190-1, 226-7Moore and, 162, 184,217,221,226-7,

236, 243philosophy and, 26, 161-2public schools and, 100-1, 102, 1MRussell and, 201, 204, 208, 209-10, 212Stephen, L., and, 37,48,50, 134Strachey and, 4, 242-3, 273Woolf, L., and, 4,104,247,249-50,266Woolf, V., and, 4, II, 12, 114, 125, 150,

151, 185, 276writings: 8, 10,31; Abinger Harvest, 71,

100, 143, 151; Albergo Emptdoclt, 77;Apostle papers, 255-6; ArcticSlD1Imer, 241; 'Art for Art's Sake',28; Aspects ofthe Novtl, 12, 14,44,126, 134, 143, 145, 150; Cambridgememoirs, 242-3; Cambridgeparodies, 120, 274-6; 'CambridgeTheophrastus', 120,274; Clarklectures, 123; Commtm/Jlact Book,60,71, 114, 150,204; diary, 60;England's Grtlll and Pleasant Land,12; English essays, 131, 133-4;fiction, 15, 69, 114, 141; 'Forster onHis Life and His Books', 113;Goldsworthy LaWtS Dickinson, 53, 110,113-14,172,176-85,187,226-7,241; 'Henry Thornton', 71-2; Hilloj Dnn, 60; 'How I Lost My Faith',98;Howards End, 2, 25, 70, 140, 179,208,276,281; Longtstjourney, 12,25,41,100,105,146,225,236,241,256, 260, 274, 283; Maria1l1ltThornton, 22,60,69-73; Maurice,100, 146, 156-7,241,269; 'Noteson the English Character', 100;Nottingham Lace, 274; 'Novelists ofthe 18th Century and theirInfluence on the 19th', 134; 'Pack ofAnchises', 275; A Passage to India,18,25, 140, 183; 'Recollectionism',60; 'Relation of Dryden to Milton

and Pope', 133; Room with a View,12; satirical verse, 260; 'StrivingsAfter Historical. Style', 276; TwoChtersJorDemocraey, 50, 114;'Virginia Woolf', II, 125; 'What IBelieve', 18; Whert Angtls Fear toTread, 150

Fort1lightg Review, 254Frazer, James, 183; Goltim Bough, 120-1Freeman, E. A., 116Frege, Gottlob, 198French literature, 29, 127, 180,267,271Freud, Sigmund, 14,26,49, 86, 149, 224,

286Fry, Edward, 58-9, 64--6, 97Fry, Mariabella, 63-4Fry, Roger, 12,31-2,65,140, 141-2, 147,

151, 152-3, 155-6,208,242,253,254,286

aesthetics, art, and, 9, 29, 31-2, 125,198,234,237,242,253-4,262,278;Stt also writings

Apostles and, 165, 171,251-4; papersfor, 251-2, 263; Stt also writings

Bloomsbury Group members and, I, 3,4,23,31-2, 115,242,244-5,262,280; seealso Fry and Forster;V. Woolf, Roger Fry

Cambridge and, 109, 111-12, 115, 129,181-2, 242, 252

Dickinson and, 112, 179-80, 181-2,184-5, 242, 252

education of, 101-2, 105, 121family, 59, 61, 63-6, 109; family houses,

63Forster and, 185, 242-3McTaggart and, 102, 112, 181-2,

184-7, 189, 191-2,242,252-3Moore, G. E., and, 217, 230, 234, 237,

252,254Russell, 194, 198,202, 203, 208, 212,

242, 286Woolf, V., and, Stt V. Woolf, Roger Frywritings: 10, Cambridge writings on art,

252-4; 'Do We Exist', 252; Englishessays, 131, 133; 'Essay onAesthetics', 121; Last Lectures, 253;letters, 151, 153, 154, 155, 184;Memoir Club papers, 59-60,101-2; 'Mr Westcott or MrWhistler?', 252; 'Modern Painting',254; 'Ought We to BeHermaphrodite?', 252; 'Philosophyof Impressionism', 254; 'Problems

306 Index

of Phenomenology in GreekPainting', 253; Reynolds edition,198; Vision and Design, 18, 286

Furbank, P. N., 283

Gainsborough, Thomas, 133Galsworthy, John, 83, 148Garnett, Angelica, Deceived with Kindness,

56Garnett, Constance, 145Garnett, David, 5, 59, 145, 150,210,215Gaskell, Mrs Elizabeth, 134Gerald Duckworth & Co., 148, 204Gerin, Winifred, 282German literature, 180Gibbon, Edward, 44, 116, 136; Decline and

Fall of the Roman Empire, 55Gide, Andre, 97Gissing, George, 144God, 177; see also JehovahGoethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 129, 177,

178, 183Goldsmith, Oliver, 134; Citi~en ofthe World,

177Gosse, Edmund, 16, 125,206Grant, Duncan, 59, 101, 104,210,242,

262; Apostles and, 164,242,250-1;Bloomsbury Group members and, I,4, 250-1; Forster and, 242, 250;Moore and, 226, 250; Strachey and,153,245,250; 'Where Angels Fear toTread', 250

Graves, Robert, 14Gray, Thomas, 116Greek Anthology, 130Green, J. R., 116Groups, 3-4, 7, 23Guardian, 149

Haldane, R. B., 91Hampshire, Stuart, 285-6Hardy, Thomas, 31, 38, 130, 140, 143-6,

150,281,283,284; Farfrom theMadding Crowd, 35; HandofEthelberta,35;Jude the Obscure, 145; Moments ofVision, 31,146; Return oftheNative, 35;Satires of Circumstanc«, 146; 'TheSchreckhorn', 35-6, Tessofthed'Urbervilles, 145

Harrison, Jane Ellen, 12I, 183; AMent ArtandRitual, 12I; Prolegomena to theStudyof Greele Religion, I2I; ReminisctTl&es of aStudent's Life, 121

Harrod, R. F., 77

Hastings, Warren, 118, 135-6Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 99, 263Hawtrey, Ralph, 174Headlam, Walter, 112Hegel, G. W. F., 125, 132, 177, 182, 186,

187,190-1,195,213,222,226,230,252

Heine, Heinrich, 138Hemingway, Ernest, 50Henley, W. E., 35, 141Herrick, Robert, 267Hills,J. W., 89Hobbes, Thomas, 53Hobhouse, Arthur, 173, 250Hogarth Press, 4, 6, 13-14, 15,97, 121,

148,212Holroyd, Michael, 268-9Home University Library, 121,200Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 141;

'Heaven-Haven', 142; 'TheWindhover', 141

Horace, 268Housman, A. E., 140-1; Shropshire Lad,

140Howards End, see ForsterHugo, Victor, 177Hulme, T. E., 237Hume, David, 27, 116, 161,224Husserl, Edmund, 224, 286Hutcheon, Linda, Formalism and the

Freudian Aesthetic: The Example ofCharles Mauron, 286

Huxley, Aldous, 21 IHyde Parle Gate News, 50

Ibsen, Henrik, 130, 150, 151-2, 153,247,272; Dolls House, 151; Hedda Gabbler,151;John Gabriel Berkman, 151; Love'sComedy, 153; Master Builder, 151; PeerGynt, 15I; PillarsofSociety, 151;Rosmersholm, 151

Idealism, 125, 146, 163, 169; andBloomsbury Group, 26, 152,252-3,263; and McTaggart, 171, 181-2,186-92, 195; and Moore, 221-5, 231,263; and Russell, 197-8, 202

Impressionism, 30, 224, 253-4, 255Independent Review, 203, 226, 285Isherwood, Christopher, 14,98

Jackson, Henry, 120, 167, 170Jakobson, Roman, 16James, Henry, 14, 35; and the Apostles,

148-9,219,255; and Bloomsbury

Index 307

Group, 7, 31, 91,139,143-4,148-51,154,247,258,273; Ambas.uullWs, 148,150; Awkward Age, 7, 148, 255;Bost01lians, 151; Daisy Milltr, 35;Goldna Bowl, 149; In the Cage, 148;'International Episode', 35; Letters,149; Portrait of a Lady, 151; PrincessCasamassima, 150; &&red FOWlt, 148;Washington Square, 35; Wings of theDove, 148

james, William, 26, 202, 224; Pragmatism,114

jebb, R. C., 120, translation ofTheophrastus, Charaetm, 120,274

jehovah, 226; seealso Godjob, Book of, 138johnson, Samuel, 42, 47, 53, 131, 142, 186;

Livesof the Poets, 130johnson, W. E., 161Jonson. Ben. 129; Bartholomew Fair, 128;

IIolp01le, 128Journey Not the Arrival Mattm, The, see

Woolf, L.joyce. james, 17,50; Dublintrs, 119;

Ulysses, IS, 257jung. C. G., 14

Kant, Immanuel, 25, 196, 222, 223, 226,230, 234; Critique of Pure JudgemenJ . 29

Keats, john. 131, 138, 254, 270Kensington. 62, 68, 70, 94Kessler, Harry. 102Keynes,john Maynard. 16.27,37,65.71.

88, 115, 151-2.248Apostles and, 135. 169-70, 172-4,227,

230, 248, 250-1, 255, 283, 284;papers for, 260-2; see also writings

Bloomsbury Group, members , and , 1,4.13,21-2, 135,244,250,260.262,282; see also Keynes and Strachey,L. Woolf

Cambridge and, 109, III, liS, 129,161-2, 176, 278, 284

education of, 75-6, 101, 103family, 61, 62, 65, 75-7, 97, 109Moore,and,161,214-18,220,226,227,

230, 231-2, 235, 244, 260-2, 285Russell and, 161, 174, 196,200,208.

209,212,214,285; probability workand, 196, 200

Strachey and, 12, 39, 173-4, 244, 260Woolf, L., and, 215, 244. 247, 248, 259,

260writings: 10, 13, 31,43. 116; Abelard

essay, 135; Burke essay, 135;Cambridge English essays, 131,134-5; Cambridge review, 262;'Can We Consume Our Surplus?' ,262; Collected Writings, 27, 115,262-3,284; Dickens essay, 134-5;EC01U11llic Consequences oftlu Peace, 12,25, 181,212,278; 'Egoism', 261;Essa.Js in Biography, 52, 241; letters,170; 'The Method', 260; 'ModernCivilization', 261; 'My EarlyBeliefs', 18,22-3.30,60, 76, 174,209-10,214-16,220,225,232,242,244,262,285; 'Posterior Analytics',267; 'Shall We WriteMelodramas?', 135; Treatisc01lProbability, 161-2, 196, 200, 261

Keynes. Florence Ada, 61,76. 103,281Keynes, Geoffrey, 65, 74; 'Early Years',

75-6; Gates of Memory, 76Keynes,john Neville, 11,24,61,75-7,

163, 215-16; Studies and E"trcises inFormal Logic, 76; Scope and Metlwd ofPolitical Economy, 76

Keynes, Lydia Lopokova, see Lopokova,Lydia

King's College, Sit CambridgeKipling, Rudyard, 99, 138. 141, 143, 149

La Bruyere, jean de, 120, 275La Rochefoucauld, Duc de. 211Landmarks in Freru:h Liuratur«, Sit StracheyLandmarks in Ni7UIteenth -Centu'Y Painting, Sit

Bell,C.Lawrence, D. H., 17, SO, 140, 161; and

Bloomsbury Group, 209, 228, 284;and Keynes. 209, 214, 215; andRussell, 207, 209, 211; Women in Love,15,284

Leathes, Stanley , 117Leavis, F. R., 103Leavis, Q. D., 49, 127Lee, Sidney, 52Lehmann. john, 5Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 191, 196,220,

285-6Levy, Paul, 216, 284, 285, 286Lewis, Wyndham, Timeand Westtrn Man,

237; Men Without Art, 237Liberalism, 11,21,26-8,33,41-2,43,

114, 180, 202-3, 257, 264Life and Letters , 147Lloyd George , David, 279Locke, john, 27, 161

308 Index

Lockhart, J. G., Memoirs ofthe Lift ofSirWalttr Scott, 130

lAngestjourney, The, see ForsterLopokova, Lydia, 151-2,282LoweIJ,James RusseIJ, 26, 35,86,91,133,

280-rLubbock, Percy, SluJdes ofEton, 103Lucas, F. L., 5Lucian, 266; Dialogues of the Dead, 272Lucretius, 131, 138,222

Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 31, 44,47-8, 116-17, 134, 136, 154

MacCarthy, Desmond, 16,44,102-3,127,203, 279

Apostles and, 165, 171-2, 197,243,244,279, 284; papers for, 255; see alsowritings

Bloomsbury Group, members and, I,4-5,13,116,139,243-4,244,247,258, 277, 279

Cambridge and, 103, 113, 115, 116, 118,162, 242, 243-4; reading at, 128,139-40, 142, 143, 147-9, 152, 153

education of, 101, 102-3, 104--5Moore and, 217,221,222,224,243,

254-5Russell and, 199, 205, 211, 212, 244Stephen, L., and, 37, 49-50, 52; see also

writingswritings: 10,31; biographical essays, 52;

Cambridge memoirs, 242, 243-4;Clark lectures, 123; Criticism, 147;drama criticism, 15, 153, 278;Exptrimu, 103; Hu1Rll1lities, 152; 'Isthis an awkward Age?', 149,171-2,175,255; uslieStephm, 45-50,125;Memories, 60, 103, 243-4; 'OscarWilde', 153;Portraits, 113, 142, 149;reviews, 7; truth paper, 255

MacCarthy, Mary, 10; education of, 58,103; family of, 59, 61-2, 97-100;Memoir Club and, 4, 279;Nineteenth-Century ChildJlood, 59, 73-5,98,105,281

Mackail, J. W., Select Epigramsfrom theGreek Anthology, 130

Mackenzie, Compton, Sinisltr Street, 105Maeterlinck, Maurice, 132, 153Maidand, Frederic William, 88, 117, 167,

175, 185, 283; Life tuUi LetttrS ofuslieStephen, 36, 42, 55, 98, 99, 117

Mallarme, 140Malthus, Thomas Robert, 27

Mansfield, Katherine, 14, 210Marcus, Jane, 279-80Marlowe, Christopher, 116, 130Marsh, Edward, 120Marvell, Andrew, 116Marx~m, 27, 174,203,208,215Materialism, 222, 223-4, 225Maurice, F. D., 164, 165,283Mauron, Charles, 286McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis, 121,

180, 186-92, 229, 284-5Apostles and, 157, 165, 167, 171-2,

187-8, 190Bloomsbury Group and, 165, 176,

187-93,244,246,273; see alsoMcTaggart and Fry

Dickinson and, 176, 180-2, 184-5, 186,206

Fry and, 102, 112, 181-2, 184-7, 189,191-2,242, 252-3

Moore and, 182, 187-92,216,217,222,227,236

philosophy of, 163, 176, 186-92,232RusseIJ and, 187-8, 189, 191, 195, 198,

203, 205, 206writings: Apostle paper, 187; Furthtr

Detnmination ofthe Absolute, 186;Nature ofExistence, 186, 188;'Ontological Idealism', 186,220;Some Dogmas ofReligion, 188,189-90, 203; Studies in HegelianCosmology, 182, 189; Studies inHegelian Dialectic, 176; style of, 188,204-

Means and ends, 9-10, 12, 25, 258, 259,260-2, 277-9, 321

Medieval literature, 127Meinong, Alexius, 198Meisel, Perry, 280MelviIJe, Herman, 139Memoir Club, 56, 58-9, 64-5, 92, 94, 96,

101,129,141,215,221,242,244,250;members of, 4-5

Meredith, George, 99, 130, 140, 143-5,146,150, 154,247;EgMsI,35, 145;joyofthe Earth, 140; ModmI Love, 140;Ordeal of Richard Ftvtral, 144

Meredith, H. 0., 233Metaphysical poets, 267Micah, Book of, 67Michelet, Jules, 44, 116-17Middleton,J. H., 112Midnight Society, 128, 151,245,248,271,

273

Index 309

Mill, James, 77Mill, John Stuart, 24-8, 41, 77, 161, 168,

186, 189, 203, 231, 264; Subjettitm ofWomtll, 28, 41, 281

Milton, John, 99, 116, 127, 130, 134-5,138,203, 264; Comus, 128

Mind, 188, 217, 222, 223Moliere, 127Monet, Claude, 224, 253Montaigne, Michel de, 127, 130Moore, G. E., 112, 120, 141, 186,214-38,

285-6aesthetics of, 30, 230, 234-5, 286Apostles and, 165, 170-1, 173-4, 209,

214-18, 220-1, 226-7, 228, 244,250, 255; papers for, 229-30, 232,234, 252; see also writings

Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 3, 7,11-12,23,40,157,163,176,193,210, 226, 228, 230, 234-5, 250;disagreements over influence on,214-18; intellectual and personalsignificance for, 214-38; see alsoMoore and Forster, Fry,MacCarthy, Strachey, L. Woolf,and V. Woolf

common-sense philosophy, conceptionof, 219-25, 234

Dickinson and, 182, 184,216-17,236,284

epistemology of, 11-12,26,30,199,201,218, 221-5; consciousness in, 224

ethics of, 29, 30, 44, 205-6, 226-36, 244;meaning of good in, 182, 229-30,260-1, 284; means and ends in, 12,227-9, 260-2

Forster and, 162, 184, 217, 221, 226-7,236, 243

Fry and, 217,230,234,237,252,254Ideal of, 25, 30, 182, 231-6Keynes and, 161,214-18,220,226,227,

230, 231-2, 235, 244, 260-2, 285MacCarthy and, 217, 221, 224, 243,

254-5McTaggart and, 182, 187-92,216,217,

222, 227, 236method of, 148-9, 218-21, 225, 230organic unity, conception of, 184, 199,

228, 230, 233-5, 260Russell and, 195-202,205-6,210,

214-15, 216-17, 218-19, 221-3,226, 229, 236, 280, 285-6

Sidgwick and, 167-9, 216-17, 236Stracheyand, 116-17, 168, 171, 174,

216-17, 219, 220-1, 225, 256-7,267, 271-2

Woolf, L., and, 24, 104, 132, 141, 148-9,196,215-17,219-21,226-31,235,247,259-60

Woolf, V., and, 144,214, 224-5, 226,236-7,281

writings: 'Defence of Common Sense',219-20; ElementsofEtllits, 205, 232,286; Etllits, 24, 200, 230, 235-6;Mairt Problems of Pllilosoplly, 200,223-4; Pllilosoplliml Studies, 225;Prirttipia Etlliea, 24-5, 30, 40, 109,135, 146, 149, 168, 182, 188, 190,196,205-6,210,215,217-19,223,226-36, 246, 249, 259-60, 277,283, 284, 285; 'Refutation ofIdealism', 223,225, 263; 'A Replyto My Critics', 206, 218, 221; styleof, 179, 204, 220; 'Value ofReligion', 232, 286; 'What End?',232

Moore, George, 144,214,253-4; AIIOWtJls,144

Moore, Nicholas, 237Moore, T. Sturge, 141,237, 286Morrell, Ottoline, 6, 15, 204, 211-12Morris, William, 31-2, 155Mortimer, Raymond, 5, 279Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 177Muir, Edward, 14Murray, James, 0if",.d Ertglish Dittitmary,

55Murry, John Middleton, 14, 211Myers, F. W. H., 110Mysticism, and Bloomsbury Group, 12,

18, 26, 191, 204-5, 229-30; andDickinson, 161; and Forster, 110;andFry, 230, 252; and McTaggart, 161,190-1; and Moore, 229-30; andRussell, 204-5; and L. Woolf, 131-3;and V. Woolf, 23

Natiort, 13, 16, 279Neo-Platonism, 12, 25, 132, 163, 230New ~rterg, 147, 199,205, 224New StaJtJ1rtIUI, 13, 16, 279Newbo1dt, Henry, 141Nicolson, Harold, 5-6, 236Nietzsche, Friedrich, 183Nightingale, Florence, 85Nineteenth century, 105-6; see also

Victorian AgeNineties poets, 141,267

310 Index

Norton, H . T . J ., 110, 174Novalis , 132Novel Club, 279

Omar Khayyarn, RulHiiyat, 130, 139Omega Workshops, 31-2, 65Orwell, George, 98OxfordEnglish DictU;"'2ry, 55, 163Oxford Movement, 109Oxford Un iversity, 30, 32, 116, 125-6,

-162, 172, 188

Pacifism, 23, 33, 100,203,206,211,280Palgrave, Francis Turner, Golden Treasury ,

141Pascal, Blaise, 127Passage to India, A , Stt ForsterPassmore, John, 202, 285Pater, Clara, 32, 99Pater, Walter, 29-32, 151, 154-5, 157,

203, 224, 273, 280; Marius theEpicurean, 144, 252; MiscellaneousStudies, 154; Renaissance , 30, 46, 154,281

Patmore, Coventry, Angel in the House, 82Peacock , Thomas Love, 127, 130,258Peano, Giuseppe, 198Pearson, Karl , 112, 286; Grammar ofScience,

112,253Phenomenology, 26, 253, 280Phillips, Stephen, 153Philosophical Realism, 26, 125, 186,

195-202,221-5Pindar,268Plato, Platonism, and Bloomsbury Group,

12,25,29,33,120,132,138,199-200,249, 253, 259, 262, 280; andCambridge philosophy, 163, 178, 183,190, 199-200,204,205,207; andMoore , 216, 219,222,226,230,232;see also nee-Platonism

Plotinus, 163, 181Poggioli, Renate, 279Pollock, Frederick, 170Pope, Alexander, 53, 54, 125, 127, 130,

134, 245, 267Porson, Richard, 118Post-impressionism, 12, 15, 224;

exhibitions of, 30, 149, 152Pound, Ezra , 17, 139Praed, Winthrop Mackworth, 143Pre-Raphaelites, 30, 32Proust, Marcel, 32, 252Puritanism, 11,21-2,89, 109-10

Quack, Quack!, see Woolf, L.Quakers, 22-4, 63-4, 71,280Quiller-Couch, Arthur, OxfordBookof

English Verse , 141

Racine, Jean, 127, 130Raleigh, Walter, 126-7, 136; Apostle

paper, 171, 175; Sgle , 126,258Ramsey, Frank P., 164, 185-6, 198;

Apostle paper, 174-5Ransom, John Crowe, 14Raverat, Gwen, Period Piece, 74Raverat, Jacques, 74Read, Herbert, 14Realism, se« Philosophical RealismRembrandt, Harmensz van Rijn , 79, 269Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 198Richards, I. A., 125,237; Complemenumties;

191,237Richardson, Dorothy, 285Richardson, Samuel, 127Rilke, Rainer Maria, 14Rimbaud, Arthur, 132Ritch ie, Anne Thackeray, 75, 78, 144,282Romantic poets, 127,267Romanticism, 33Rosenbaum, S. P. , TheBloomsbury Group: A

Collection !if Memoirs, Commentary, andCriticism , 3

Rothblatt, Sheldon, 282Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 67, 127Ruskin, John, 30, 32,42, 127, 143, 154,

155,243,282; naturalistic fallacy, 229Russell, Bertrand, 176, 186, 193-213,229,

285Apostles and, 164, 170-1, 173-5,

193-6,208-9, 210-11,244,284;papers for, 194-5; see also writings

Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 6,157,180,193-213,244,285; seealsoRussell and Forster, Fry , Keynes,L. Woolf, and V. Woolf

Dickinson and, 180, 182, 203Forster and , 201, 204, 208, 209-10, 212Fry and, 194, 198,202,203,208,212,

242,286Keynes and, 161, 174, 196,208,209,

212,214,285McTaggart and, 187-8, 189, 191, 195,

198, 203, 205, 206Moore and , 195-202,205-6,210,

214-15,216-17,218-19,221-3,226, 229, 236, 280, 285-6

philosophy, conception of, 164,

Index 311

197-202,213; realism in, 26,195-202, 221-5; moral, social ,political, 193, 197,202-9,232

Stracheyand, 197, 199,207-12Woolf, L., and, 196-7,208,212-13,247Woolf, V., and, 194, 199-200,201,202,

208, 212writings: 204; Amberley Papers , 212;

Ana{)'sis ofMatter, 202; Ana{)'sis ofMind, 202; Authoriry and theIndividual, 207; Autobiography, 174,193-4,202,206,209-10,213,220;'Autobiography', 196; BasicWritings, 195, 204; Cambridge Essays,195; ContJIUst of Happiness, 194;' Elements of Ethics', 205; ' FreeMan's Worship', 203-4; Freedomand Organization, 207; History ofWestern Philosophy, 213, 285;Introduction to MathematicalPhilosophy, 212; 'My MentalDevelopment', 198,211,212,222;My Philosophical Development, 193,197,200,213; ' Mysticism andLogic', 204-5; Our Knowledge of theExternal World, 201-2, 206, 286;Outline of Philosophy , 202;Philosophical Essays , 205;' Philosophy of Bergson ' , 201;Portraits from MmlDry, 120, 187-8,210; Principia Mathematica, 196, 198;Principles of Mathematics , 194, 196,206; Principles of Social Reconstruction,203, 206-9; Problems of Philosophy,200-1 ,224; 'Reply to Criticisms',206; Sceptical Essays, 202; ScientificOUliook , 202; 'Seems Madam? Nay ,It Is' , 195; 'Study of Mathematics' ,199-200,203

Russell , Lad y John, 212Russell, Lord John, 203Rutherford, Mark, 281

Sackville-West, Vita, 5-6, 212, 214St Paul , 226St Paul's School, 101, 104-5, 155Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin, 48Saintsbury, George, 220Salisbury, Lord , 273Sanger, Charles Percy , 174, 185-6Santayana, George, 205, 224; My Host, the

World, 112-13Sassoon, Siegfried , 211Scott, Walter, 99, 127, 130, 144

Scrutiny , 49Shakespeare, William, 99, 127, 129, 130,

131, 138, 151,257,267,270; Globeedition of, 123; King Lear, 260; Othello,126, 259; Tempest, 97, 257-8; TwelfthNight,220

Shaw, George Bernard, 31, 130, 146,152-4, 228; Arms and the Man, 153;Back to Methuselah, 153; HeartbreakHouse, 153

Shelley, Percy Bysshe , 130, 138, 178, 183;Cenci, 128; Epipsychidion, 41; PrometheusUnbound, 128

Sheppard, J . T. , 114, 172, 250, 256, 269,283, 284; 'King's or Trinity? ' , 114,283

Sidgwick, Henry, 24, 40, 91, 110, 123, 185,216,231,283,284,286; and theApostles, 24, 167-71,251; Memoir,168-9; Methods ofEthics, 167-8;Principles of Political Economy, 169

Significant form, 29, 32-3, 125, 152Sitwell , Edith, 14Sitwell family , 5Skidelsky, Robert, 285Smith, D. Nichol, 123Smollet, Tobias, 134Smyth, Ethel, 5, 130Socialism, 11,27,180,207-8Society for Psychical Research, 110Society, The, seeApostles, The CambridgeSocrates, 149, 189,219,220,266Sophocles, 120, 183Speaker, 279Spencer, Herbert, 40, 219, 231Spenser, Edmund, 130, 138,268Spilka , Mark, 78, 282Spinoza, Benedict, de, 189, 191, 192,207,

220,285-6Steele, Richard, 136Ste in , Gertrude, 14Stephen, Adrian, 4, 77, 115,270Stephen, Caroline Ernelia , 23, 59, 71, 129,

142, 279-80Stephen family , 55-7, 59, 61-2,73,77-94,

96-7,99, 128, 142, 144,212,247;houses of, 70, 92-4

Stephen, J. K., 78, 142-3, 184-5, 282-3;'To R.K.',142-3

Stephen, James (L. Stephen's father), 42,89, 142,282

Stephen, James (L. Stephen'sgrandfather) , 281; Memoirs of JamesStephen , 56

312 Index

Stephen, james Fitzjames, 28, 42, 52-3,134, 142; Liberty, Equality, Fratmsity, 41

Stephen, julia Duckworth, 32, 56, 78-9,81-6,92-4,282; writings of, 84-5,282; Notesfrom Sick Rooms, 85

Stephen, julian Thoby, see Stephen,Thoby

Stephen, Katherine, 142, 247Stephen, Leslie (L. Stephen), 32, 35-7,

73-4,78,82,94,98-9,105-6,124-5,134, 142, 148, 155,221,232,281

biographer and autobiographer, as, 35,51-7 ; see also writings

Bloomsbury Group and, 33-4, 35-7,124,145,151,249,264,283; see als«Stephen and MacCarthy, Strachey,L. Woolf, and V. Woolf

Cambridge and, 88, 89, 109-10, III ,115,117,142,156,165,167,185,221,283

historian, as, 35, 43-5, 163; see alsowritings

literary criticism of, 35, 41-2, 45-51,124, 127; SIt also writings

MacCarthy and, 37, 49-50,52philosophy of, II, 24, 189; eth ics of, 35,

38-42; see also writingsStrachey and, 37, 39, 52, 125, 136Woolf, L., and, 35, 37, 43, 67, 189Woolf, V., and, 35-8,41,45,48-9,

50-I, 53, 55, 78, 84-94, 98-9,105-6, 236, 277, 282

writings: Agnostic's Apology, 46, 67, 79;Alexander Pope, 134; Clark lectures,123-5; Dictionary ofNationalBiography , 44, 54-5, 124; EnglishLiterature and Society in tire EighteentlrCnzlury, 43, 45, 46; EnglishUtilitarians , 43; Essays in Freethinkingand Plainspeaking ; 38; essays of, 31,154; History ofEnglish Thought in theEighteenth Century, 43-4; Hours in aLibrary, 33, 39,47,48,50,51 ,52,106, 155; Life qf Henry Fawcett,52-3; Life of SirJames Fit~amesStephen, 52-3; Mausoleum Book, 36,39, 55-6, 58, 78; 'Moral Element inLiterature', 47; 'New BiographicaBritannica', 54; Robert LouisStevenson, 143; Science of Ethics , 40-1,89; Sketches from Cambridge bya Don,115, 117; Some Early Impressions , 40,56, 109; Studies ofa Biographer , 42,51, 148; 'Study of English

Literature', 124; style of, 45, 179;'Thoughts on Criticism by a Critic' ,42; 'Wordsworth's Ethics', 46

Stephen, Thoby (T . Stephen), 54-5, 78,101, 102, 130, 140

Bell, C ., and 129, 245, 246, 283Bloomsbury Group and, 142, 162, 173,

246,248-9,250,271,283; see alsoL. Stephen and C. Bell

Cambridge and, 116, 118-19, 129, 173,248-9,271

writings: 'A Cockney's FarmingExperiences' , 50; Compulsory Chapel,263-4

Sterne, Laurence, 47, 134Stevenson, Robert Louis, 35, 99, 126, I'll,

143, 150, 155Strachey, Dorothy, see Bussy, DorothyStrachey family, 59,65, 73,96-7Strachey, james, 5, 65, 173, 174, 197, 250,

268-9Strachey, jane, 59, 96-7,116; 'Some

Recollections of a Long Life' , 58Strachey, Lytton, 27, 29, 30-1, 47-8, 55,

94-7, 146, 153, 156,245Apostles and , 118, 165, 166, 167, 170-5,

197, 244, 250, 255, 256, 263, 284;papen for, 173-4,256-8,263; Sll

also writingsBloomsbury Group, members, and, 1,4,

12, 129, 133, 148-50, 173, 242,245-6, 248-9, 250, 256, 268-9,270, 271, 273-4; see also Stracheyand Keynes, L. Woolf, andV. Woolf

Cambridge and, 110, 115-18, 121,256;reading at , 127-8, 133, 136-7,138-9, 146, 152-4, 156; SIt alsowritings

education of, 101, 126, 128, 136family, 65, 69; family house of, 92-7; see

also wri tingshistory and, 19,44, 116-17Keynes and, 12, 39, 173-4, 244, 260McTaggart and, 186-7, 189,273Moore and, 116-17, 168, 171, 174,

216-17,219,220-1,225,256-7philosophy and, 25, 228, 232, 258Russell and, 173-4, 197, 199,207-12Stephen, L., and, 37, 39, 52, 125, 136Woolf, L., and, 131, 132-3, 161-2,246,

248, 260, 268Woolf, V., and, 10, II , 12,92,94, 150,

248-9,272

Index 313

writings: 9-10, II, 13, 29, 204, 262;'Adrian', 270; aphorisms, 117;Apostle paper on death, 258;autobiographical dialogues, 273;biographical essays, 52;biographies, 95, 120; Boob andC/umulers, 10-11, 14; review ofCambridge MOtUm History, 117;character writing, 120, 225;CluJrtuters and Commentaries, 47-8;'Christ or Caliban?', 257-8, 259;criticism, 50, 278; 'Diary of anAthenian', 272; 'Death of Milo',269; dialogues, 272-3; Dulce ofFemuo; 271-2; 'Ely: An Ode', 268;Eminent Victorians, 12, 18,44,47,52,58,74,96,100-1,110,117,136,170, 209, 211, 225; English essays,131, 135-7; 'English LetterWriters', 136-7; 'Etude quasiSadiste', 270; 'First and Last Willand Testament', 273; 'From thePersian', 267; Hastingsdissertation, 118, 136; Herrickparody, 267; homosexual satires,273-4; 'In Arcady', 270;'Inscription for a Piss-Pot', 270;Iphigmia in Ardis, 274; Iphigmia inTaurus, 274; James pastiches, 148,273; 'Lancaster Gate', 94-7;Landmarbin Freru;h Literature, 14, 15,25,29,44, 121,200; letters, 147,210; Lytton Strachey by Himself, 126,273; 'Menage it Trois', 270;Midnight Society sermon, 273;Othello, 126; 'Ought the Father toGrow a Beard?', 256-7; 'ThePenultimates', 267; plays, 8, 270-4;poetry, 8, 265, 267-70, 286-7;Portraits in Miniature, 117, 241;'Quaestiones Gothicae', 173; QuemVictoria, 10; The Really InterestingQuestion, 170, 272-3; Rembrandtsonnet, 269; Robert Alisoun, 272;sonnets, 267, 269-70; Stephenlecture on Pope, 125; Sunday EssaySociety dialogue, 273; Tennysonparody,269; Tibenus, 270-1; 'Whenis a Drama Not a Drama?', 271-2

Strachey, Marjorie, 5Strachey, Richard, 59,96-7Strindberg, August, 148; The Father, 153Style, Cambridge philosophical, 179, 188,

204

Sunday Essay Society, 164, 234, 273Sunday Times, 13, 16Surtees, R. S., 128Swedenborg, Emanuel, 132Swift, Jonathan, 39, 53Swinburne, Algernon, 29, 30, 31, 139-40,

154,247,266,267; 'Dolores', 4, 139;'The Garden of Proserpine', 139,'Hymn to Proserpine', 139, 'Hertha',139

Sydney-Turner, Saxon, 59; and Apostles,172, 173; and Bloomsbury Group, 4,118-19, 133, 149,244, 246, 248-9,268-9,271; and Cambridge, 115, 128,138-9, 265, 278

Symbolists, 267Symonds,John Addington, 29, 31-2, 35,

91, 154, 155-6, 254, 283; A Problemin ModemEthics, 156

Tacitus, Cornelius, 44Taoism, 252Taylor, Jeremy, 203Tennyson, Alfred, 88, 116, 125, 131, 134,

139-40, 141, 143,268, 273; InMemoriam, 190

Thackeray, William Makepeace, 35, 42,48, 75, 116, 128, 134; BookofStUJbs,275; Ptndennis, 100; Vani!y Fair, 99

Theocritus, 131Theophrastus, CluJrtulers, 120, 274Thomson, Francis, 141Thornton family, 69-73, 96Thornton, Henry, 71, Enquiry intotheNature

and Elfects of the Paper Credit in GreatBritain, 71; FamilyPrayers, 71

Thornton, Marianne, 69-73;'Recollections', 59; see also Forster,writings

Three Guineas, see Woolf, V.Thucydides, 44Times Literary Supplemmt, 144, ISO, 282Tit-Bits, 51To the Lighthouse, see Woolf, V.Tolstoy, Leo, 14, 145,220; What Is Art?, 9,

32,234Tomlinson, Bishop George, 171Tourneur, Cyril, 130Trevelyan, G. M., 117,273; and Apostles,

171, 173,242,257,259,284; Poetry andPhilosophy ofGeorge Meredith, 140

Trevelyan, R. C., 117, 141, 171, 178, 182Trilling, Lionel, 183

314 Index

Trinity College, Sit CambridgeTurgenev, Ivan, 145, 177Turner, Saxon Sydney-, Sit

Sydney-Turner, Saxon

Utilitarianism, 11,21,24-6,28,33,39-40,42, 161-3, 205, 258; andMoore, 167-8,216,228, 231

Vaughan Williams, Ralph, 112Vaughan, Emma, 32, 155Verrall, A. W., 120, 167, 170,275;

Euripides the RatioMiist, 120, 274Victoria, Queen, 61, 68, 72, 75, 220Victorian Age, 58, 68, 95, 105-6, 146, 154,

230,247Victorian family and school visions of

Bloomsbury Group, 58-106Victorian intellectual origins of

Bloomsbury Group, 21-34Voltaire, 127, 130,244Vl!Jlage Out, The, see Woolf, V.Wagner, Richard, 118Waley, Arthur, 5Walpole, Horace, 136Walpole, Hugh, 236War, First World, 2, 4-5, 83, 100, 152,

176,177,180,193-4,203,206,211,215,277

War, Second World, 4, 73,81, 203Ward, Humphry, 141Ward, Mrs Humphry, 93, 144, 273Warre-Cornish, Blanche, 74-5;

COnUshitulQ, 74-5Warre-Cornish family, 73-4,97Warre-Cornish, Francis, 73-4Waste Land, The, see Eliot, T. S.Waterlow, Sydney, 148, 226Watts, G. F., 91, 94Watts, Isaac, 281Webb, Beatrice, 180Webb, Sidney, 180Webster, John, 130; Duchess ofMalfi, 128,

271Wedd, Nathaniel, 112, 167, 171, 183, 187,

242, 252Wells, H. G., 14, 83, IH, 2&4-5Wendell, Barrett, 263Westcott, Brooke Foss, 252Whichelo family, 70Whistler, James McNeill, 29, 252Whitehead, Alfred North, 164, 167, 171,

174, 195, 284; Pnnapia MatlumaJica,196

Whitman, Walt, 139-40, 156,246,267;Cal4mus poems, 140

Wilde, Oscar, 29, 30, 31, 141, 142, 149,153, 154,254;Sal~, 153;SoulofManuruler Socialism, 155; Woman ofNoImportanee, 153

Wilkinson, L. P., 283Williams, Raymond, 280Wilson, J. Dover, 52Wilson, Woodrow, 262-3Wingfield-Stratford, Esme, 283Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 10, 121, 164, 200,

210; Investigations, 6Women in Love, see Lawrence, D. H.Women's movement, 15, 17,27-8,34,83,

151, 203, 208, 276-8Woolf, Bella, 133Woolffamily, 59, 61-2, 65, 66-9, 96, 109Woolf, Leonard (L. Woolf), 16, 22, 27,

66-9, 72, 104-5, 106, 281anti-semitism and, 213, 247-8, 266-7Apostles and, 148-9, 165, 169, 172,

196-7,248,259; papers for, 131,258-60

Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 1,3,4,6,24,25, 104, 118-19, 128-9,142,225,231,245,246-7,259-60,279; see also L. Woolf and Keynes,Strachey, and V. Woolf

Cambridge and, 106, 115-16, 118-19,131, 187, 189,246-8; reading at,119,128,138-9, I'll, 143-5, 147,148-50, 151, 152, 154

education of, 101, 104-5·Keynesand,215,244,247,248,259,260Moore and, 24, 104, 132, 141, 148-9,

196,215-17,219-21,226,231,235,247, 259-60 .

Russell and, 196-7,208,212-13,247Stephen, L., and, 35, 37, 43, 67Stracheyand, 131, 132-3, 161-2, 246,

248, 260, 268, 271Woolf, V., and, 13,67-8, 1M, 130, 142,

153, 220, 247, 248writings: 10,31, 116,203; 'A Failure',

266; After the Deluge, 43, 116, 179;Apostle papers, 131,258-60;autobiographies, 59, 66-9, 246-8;Beginning Again, 3, 6, 66, 115,225;biographical essays, 52; Byronessay, 131; 'The C Minor', 266;character-writing, 120, 275;'Classical Education andLiterature', 119; dialogue, 131;

Index

education essays, 119, 131;Doumhill All tJuWay, 4-5; 'Embryosor Abortions?', 259-60; Englishessays, 131-3; fiction, 7, 15, 144,228; 'George or George or Both?',259,284; Growing, 67, 143-4;James parodies, 148-9; Jewishpawnbroker poem, 266-7; journeyNot the Arrival Matters, 25; Judaspoem, 266; Lucian poem, 266;Lucretius essay, 131; mysticismwritings, 132-3,283; pastoralpoetry essay, 131; poetry, 265-71;Priru:ipia Politica, 66; Quack, Quack!,264; 'Quaestiones Gothicae', 173;Shakespeare essay, 231; Sowing, 18,67-9, 104, 106, 115, 119, 127-9,142,145,148-9,151,152,169,187,196-7,215,226,246-8,259; Villagein thtjungle, 10; Wise Virgins, 10,62,69

Woolf, Marie, 66-9, 78-9Woolf, Sidney, 66-9, 72Woolf, Virginia (V. Woolf), 6, 16-17,

36-7,67-8,77-94,97,98-100aesthetics, aestheticism, and, 14,29-30,

32, 79-81, 125; see also V. Woolfand Moore, Pater, L. Stephen

Apostles and, 165, 166-7,248-9,254,276-8

Bell, V., and, 5, 51, 65, 199Bloomsbury Group, members, and, 1,4,

5,24,65,83, 118-19, 129-30, 135,136, 149-50, 156, 162-3, 199,244,248-50, 254, 262, 272, 276-8, 280,282; see also V. Woolf and Forster,L. Woolf, and writings

Cambridge and, 48, 88, 110, 112-13,116,117-18,121,123,126,129-31,162-3, 185,214,236-7,248-9,260; see also V. Woolf andphilosophy, writings

education of, 98-100, 129-32family, 22, 23, 59, 61-2, 70, 77, 94, 97,

98-100, 279-80; house symbolismof, 71,90-4,97; see also V. Woolfand V. Bell, L. Stephen

feminism and, 8-9, 14,27-8,45,82-3,100, 110, 276-8; see also writings

Forster and, 4, II, 12, 114, 125, 150,151, 185,276

Moore and, 144,214,224-5,226,236-7,281

moments and, 30-1, 79-81, 190-1

315

Pater and, 30, 32, 144, 154, 280philosophy, and, 25,26, 161-2, 178-9,

183, 185, 189-91, 286; seealsoV. Woolf and Moore, Russell

reading of, 44, 48-51, 99-100, 129-30,140-2, 143, 144-7, 148-51, 153,154,155

Russell and, 194, 199-200,201,202,208, 212

Stephen, Julia, and, 78-9, 81-6, 92-4Stephen, L., and, 35-8, 41, 45, 48-9,

50-1,53,55,78,84-94,98-9,105-6, 236, 277, 282

Woolf, L., and, 13,67-8, 1M, 130, 142,153, 220, 247, 248

writings: 3, 8-9, 10, 11, 13-14, 16-17,44, 116, 262, 281-2;autobiographies (see also MemoirClub papers, Moments ofBeing,'Reminiscences', 'Sketch of thePast'), 56-7, 60, 77-94; Between theActs, 12, 118; biographies andbiographical essays, 52, 78, 120;character-writing, 120, 275;children's stories, 85, 282;'Cockney's Farming Experiences'and sequel, 50; Collected Essays, 31,52, 53, 109-10, 126, 143, 145, 146,147, 150, 151; Common Reader, 10,37,45,91, 179,282; ContemporaryWriters, 147; criticism, 45, 50;diaries, 31, 54, 77,80-1,85,92,150,165,178-9,194,281-2; essays(see also biographical essays), 31,52,85, 120; Flush, 13; HauntedHouse, 276; 'Henry James's LatestNovel', 149; 'Hours in a Library',129-30, 143; jacob's Room, 12, 114,116,225,241; 'Lady Ritchie', 78,282; 'Leaning Tower', 53, 162-3;'Leslie Stephen', 45, 86; letters, 10,27,85,99, 119, 131, 136, 142, 144,148,150,153,155,178,179,214;Memoir Club papers (see alsoMoments of Being), 77, 85, 242,248-9; 'Method of Henry James',149-50; 'Modem Essay', 155;Moments ofBeing (see also 'OldBloomsbury', 'Reminiscences','Sketch of the Past' and '22 HydePark Gate'), 78, 281; Monday orTuesday, 276; Mr. Bennett and Mrs.Brown, 29-30, 80; Mrs. Dalloway,78; Night and Day, 10, 78, 199-200;

316 Index

Woolf, Virginia (tontd)obituary of Lady Strachey, 96; 'OldBloomsbury', 6, 93-5, 110, 248-9;'One of Our Great Men', 119;Orlando, 55, 250; 'Phases of Fiction' ,150; 'Reminiscences' (see alsoMommtsofBeing),56, 77, 79,82,83,85, 100; review of MaryMacCarthy, 74; Roger Fry, 53,63-6, 101-2, 156, 179, 185, 190,191-2,203,241,242,254,282;Room of Otu's OWll, 12, 18, 25, 91,113, 118, 121,241, 260, 277;'Sketch of the Past' (see alsoMomentsof Being), 36-7,48-9,56,60,74,77, 79-81, 83,85-92, 106, 236-7,248,281,282; 'A Society', 276-8;Three GuilU4S, 82, 100, 185, 202,264,277; TLS reviews, 91, 278, 282;

To the Lighthouse, 10, 18,25,36,81,83,85,91,94, 139,282; '22 HydePark Gate', 92-4; V/!1age Out, 10,12, 15, 25, 51, 85, 140, 278; Waves,80,94, 179,241,263; 'Women andFiction',55; Years, 82

Wordsworth, William, 24, 39, 42, 99, 116,127,252

Wright, Aldis, 123Wright, Orville and Wilbur, 168

'X' Society, 128, 246, 271

Yeats, William Butler, 92, 141, 154, 161,237; 'A Bronze Head', 189

Young, G. M., 22

Zola, Emile, 260