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Transcript of Nomenclator of bivalve families; with a classification of bivalve families by R. Bieler, J. G....
MALACOLOGIAInternational Journal of Malacology
Vol. 52(2) 2010
Nomenclator of Bivalve Families
Philippe Bouchet & Jean-Pierre Rocroi
with a Classification of Bivalve Families by
Rüdiger Bieler, Joseph G. Carter & Eugene V. Coan
2010MALACOLOGIAvOL. 52, NO. 2
First published 2010
by ConchBooks Mainzer Str. 25, D-55546 Hackenheim, Germany
e-mail: [email protected] home-page: http://www.conchbooks.de
and
Malacologia P.O. Box 385, Haddonfield, NJ 08033-0309, U.S.A.
e-mail: [email protected] home-page: http://malacologia.fmnh.org
Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek:
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
ISBN: 978-3-939767-27-5ISSN: 0076-2997
Copyright © 2010 by the Institute of Malacology
All rights reserved under international copyright conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording on any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper or broadcast.
Type setting by Malacologia Produced by Sheridan Books, Inc., U.S.A.
Bouchet, P. & J.-P. Rocroi, 2010, Nomenclator of Bivalve Families; with a classification of bivalve families by R. Bieler, J. G. Carter & E. V. Coan. Malacologia, 52(2): 1-184.
Bieler, R., J. G. Carter & E. v. Coan, 2010, Classification of Bivalve Families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia, 52(2): 1-184.
SUGGESTED CITATION 2010vOL. 52, NO. 2
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES 113
revising the Bivalvia content of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology (www.paleo.ku.edu/treatise) and the Bivalve Tree-of-Life project (www.bivatol.org). The present publication is thus intended as a technical tool and nomen-clatural foundation for future projects.
The following conventions have been used:
(a) Higher Groups and Ranking
To provide a widely accessible roadmap that -
ontological literature, we have used only a small number of categories above the ordinal level. The Bivalvia are here divided into two sub-classes, Protobranchia (= Palaeotaxodonta) and Autobranchia, with the latter organized into Superorders Nepiomorphia, Pteriomorphia, and Heteroconchia. Because of the still widely accepted and fairly stable use of ordinal names in Bivalvia (much in contrast to current usage in Gastropoda), we have employed traditional orders to group the recognized superfamilies. We are fully aware that these “orders” do not necessarily represent monophyletic clades (it appears, for instance, that the Ostreida are derived from within the Pteriida). In view of the currently limited resolution of bivalve relationships and the large number of poorly known extinct taxa that may or may not be stem groups of certain living members, it appears more useful to retain paraphyletic groups than to abandon any signal of relationship.
(b) Lumping vs. Splitting
of a family uses subfamilies and tribes, which may give an impression of a well-resolved analysis of that family. This is often not the case, but the alternative would have been to treat all included names as synonyms. As it will be easier to lump than to split as knowledge improves, we have chosen to present highly
of re-evaluation. In some cases, especially when the group had no history of subfamilies and tribes, we have placed poorly known and/or controversial families as junior synonyms of other families, or as incertae sedis within
Purpose, Rationale and Conventions
Historically, the purpose of biological clas-
large numbers of taxonomic names for living (and, where applicable, fossil) organisms in a hierarchical system where they could be found and retrieved. Later, it became accepted that
history of the treated group, so that biological and ecological attributes and properties could be predicted for a taxon from its position in the
used by malacologists are often hybrids of dif-ferent schools and traditions, with the working
-
focus on such controversial issues as ranks and hierarchy. The present work is not the place to enter this theoretical debate. It has been our challenge to place all family-group names cov-ered by the Nomenclator into a working ranked classification that can provide a roadmap capable of addressing questions and issues that an alphabetically arranged Nomenclatorcannot: is family name X currently considered valid and to what larger unit does it belong? If it is not currently considered a valid name, where does it fall into synonymy according to current literature knowledge? How is nomenclatural priority affected by the numerous revisions of author/date citations in the Nomenclator? Insome cases, we discovered problems that will need applications to the ICZN to resolve – we have annotated such issues in our footnotes.
For the best of all reasons – active anatomi-cal, molecular, and paleontological research fo-cusing on aspects of phylogenetic systematics
moving target. Recent molecular studies have given novel insight into relationships, ques-tioned traditional placements of family-group and ordinal taxa, and led to the introduction of new names for hypothesized larger clades. Much of this work has yet to be reconciled with
placed into context of the fossil record. Several larger-scale projects in this direction are cur-rently underway – most notably the projects
Part 2. CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES
Rüdiger Bieler, Joseph G. Carter & Eugene V. Coan
BIELER ET AL.114
the most appropriate higher taxon. We want to emphasize that these should be seen as
-tion of detailed knowledge of the families in question.
In some cases when we have felt that the
built on a highly unstable foundation, with non-parallel or single minor characters used to elevate various families, and lack of molecular characters for most members, we have adopted a conservative course and listed many family and subfamily names as synonyms, as with the Galeommatoidea.
(c) Uncertainties and Question Marks
We indicate uncertain placement of taxa in most cases by using “[rank] uncertain.” For instance, the family Hemidonacidae is placed as “Superfamily uncertain” with the Veneroida.In a few cases, when our hypothesized place-ment of a taxon name is especially tentative, we employ question marks. This should not give the impression that an allocation or a synonymy without a question mark has been established beyond doubt. Again, we wish to emphasize
-rent understanding and/or an educated guess to be tested.
(d) Entirely Extinct Taxa
The dagger (†) sign before a taxon denotes that all members of that taxon are fossils.
(e) Ordering
In view of the often poorly resolved situation within subclades of the bivalve tree, and to
and opinions that would exceed the goals of this technical listing, we have opted for alphabetical arrangements of superfamilies within orders. This results in a listing that differs from pub-
relationship. The alphabetized portions of our
should not be seen as “overruling” such prior efforts. Within a superfamily, the nominate fam-
-betical order; the same convention applies to subfamilies within a family, and to tribes within a subfamily. After each valid family-group name, synonyms are presented in chronological order of their establishment (names introduced in the same publication are secondarily ordered
by alphabet). For completeness, we have also listed names in the synonymy that are “not available” or “permanently invalid”; such names are marked by “(n.a.)” or “(invalid),” respectively.
(f) Rank Abbreviations
SPF SuperfamilySF SubfamilyT TribeST Subtribe
Class Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758
Subclass, Order, and SPF uncertain
Family ARCHAEOCARDIIDAE
Family CAMYIDAE
Family CARDIOLARIIDAE
Family CIRRAVIDAE
Family FORDILLIDAE
Family LAURSKIIDAE
Family THORALIIDAE
Family TUARANGIIDAE
Subclass Protobranchia Pelseneer, 18891 [= Palaeotaxodonta ]
Order and SPF uncertain
Family AFGHANODESMATIDAE Scarlato & Star-
Family ANTACTINODIONTIDAE
Family CTENODONTIDAE
Family ERITROPIDAE
Family PSEUDOCYRTODONTIDAE
Family TIRONUCULIDAE -
1 Although the original spelling was Protobranchiata, the spelling Protobranchia in prevailing usage is followed here.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES
Order Nuculida Dall, 1889
SPF NUCULOIDEA GRAY, 1824
Family NUCULIDAESF NUCULINAESF NUCULOMINAE
SF PALAEONUCULINAE
Family NUCULARCIDAE
Family PALAEOCONCHIDAE
Family PRAENUCULIDAE
Family SAREPTIDAESF SAREPTINAE -
2]SF PRISTIGLOMINAE
Order Solemyida Dall, 1889
SPF MANZANELLOIDEA Chronic, 1952
Family MANZANELLIDAE -
SPF SOLEMYOIDEA Gray, 1840
Family SOLEMYIDAESF SOLEMYINAE
SF ACHARACINAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
SF CLINOPISTHINAE
Order Nuculanida Carter, D. C. Campbell & M. R. Campbell, 2000
SPF NUCULANOIDEA H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858 (1854)
Family NUCULANIDAE H. Adams & A. Adams, 3]
2
3 Nuculanidae is in prevailing use and is conserved
SF NUCULANINAE H. Adams & A. Adams, -
SF LEDELLINAEParayoldiellinae Filatova & Schileko,
Family BATHYSPINULIDAE 4 [= ]
Family CADOMIIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family CUCULLELLIDAE
Family ISOARCIDAE
Family MALLETIIDAE; =
Family NEILONELLIDAE -
Family PALAEONEILIDAE
Family PHASEOLIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family POLIDEVCIIDAE Kumpera, Prantl &
Family SILICULIDAE [= Radiidentidae Egorova & Starobogatov,
Family TINDARIIDAE
Family YOLDIIDAE DALL, 1908SF YOLDIINAESF YOLDIELLINAE
4
Malletiidae is in prevailing use and is conserved
Depending on the valid type species of Silicula, Sil-iculidae is either an objective synonym of Phaseoli-dae or a potentially valid name with Radiidentidae as an objective synonym; see Nomenclator. We here treat it as a valid name, pending an application to the ICZN to solve the issue.
BIELER ET AL.
Subclass Autobranchia Grobben, 1894
Superorder, Order, and SPF uncertain
Family CERCOMYIDAE
? PALAEOCARDIIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family PUCAMYIDAE Sánchez in Sánchez &
Superorder Nepiomorphia
Order Praecardiida Newell, 1965
SPF PRAECARDIOIDEA R. Hoernes, 1884
Family PRAECARDIIDAE-
Family BUCHIOLIDAE
SPF CARDIOLOIDEA R. Hoernes, 1884
Family CARDIOLIDAE
Family SLAVIDAE
Order Antipleurida
SPF DUALINOIDEA Conrath, 1887
Family DUALINIDAE -; = Praelucinidae Con-
11
Family SPANILIDAE
Family STOLIDOTIDAE
Whether Palaeocardiidae is more closely related to Praecardiidae or Ambonychiidae is uncertain.
Anterior and subumbonal hinge and ligament are unknown, so it is uncertain if it is pteriomorphian or heteroconchian.
Priority of Dualinidae over simultaneously estab-lished Antipleurinae determined by ICZN Art. 24.1.
11 Priority of Dualinidae over simultaneously estab-lished Praelucinidae determined by First Reviser
Superorder Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 194412
Order and SPF uncertain
Family ELIGMIDAE
Family EVYANIDAE Carter, D. C. Campbell & M.
Family ISCHYRODONTIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov, 13
Family LIMATULINIDAE
Family MATHERIIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family MYODAKRYOTIDAE
Family PICHLERIIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family RHOMBOPTERIIDAE
Family UMBURRIDAE
Order Mytilida Férussac, 1822
SPF MODIOLOPSOIDEA P. Fischer, 188614
Family MODIOLOPSIDAE
Family COLPOMYIDAE Pojeta & Gilbert-Tomlin-
Family SAFFORDIIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
SPF MYTILOIDEA
Family MYTILIDAESF MYTILINAE
-
12Preliminary molecular data (Giribet & Wheeler,
(Arcoida ((Pinnoidea (Pterioidea + Ostreoidea)) (Pectinoidea (Anomioidea +Limoidea)))).
13 The presence of an external, opisthodetic, nearly horizontal, duplivincular ligament is apparent in Upper Ordovician Ischyrodonta truncata Ulrich
14 Superfamily composition following Fang and Morris
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES
SF BATHYMODIOLINAESF CRENELLINAE
-
SF DACRYDIINAESF LIMNOPERNINAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
SF LITHOPHAGINAE; =
SF MODIOLINAE(nomen protectum) [= Jolyidae Bourguig-
(nomen oblitum)]SF SEPTIFERINAE
Family MYSIDIELLIDAE
Order Cyrtodontida Scarlato & Starobo-gatov, 1971
SPF CYRTODONTOIDEA Ulrich, 1894
Family CYRTODONTIDAE
Family PTYCHODESMATIDAE Scarlato & Star-
SPF FALCATODONTOIDEA Cope, 1996
Family FALCATODONTIDAE
Order Arcida Gray, 1854
SPF uncertain
Family CATAMARCAIIDAE
SPF ARCOIDEA Lamarck, 1809
Family ARCIDAESF ARCINAE
Adulinae belongs here, according to Ockelmann &
Lithophagiinae is in prevailing use and is conserved
Included extant families after Oliver & Holmes
Division of this family into subfamilies is tentative. Aventral gape, hallmark of the Arcinae, is present in some genera placed in the Anadarinae. Molecularevidence is needed.
-
SF ANADARINAE-
Family CUCULLAEIDAE --
Family FREJIDAE
Family GLYCYMERIDIDAESF GLYCYMERIDINAE
SF ARCULLAEINAE
Family NOETIIDAE -
Family PARALLELODONTIDAESF PARALLELODONTINAE -
-
SF GRAMMATODONTINAE [= -
-
SPF GLYPTARCOIDEA Cope, 1996
Family GLYPTARCIDAE
SPF LIMOPSOIDEA Dall, 189521
Family LIMOPSIDAE
Tunique ligamental pattern of the Noetiidae may, at least in part, represent a grade rather than a clade.Priority over simultaneously established Nemodon-tinae determined by ICZN Art. 24.1.
21
BIELER ET AL.
Family PHILOBRYIDAE -
Order Pteriida Newell, 1965
SPF AMBONYCHIOIDEA S. A. Miller, 187722
Family AMBONYCHIIDAE--
? Family ABIELLIDAE
Family ALATOCONCHIDAE Termier, Termier & de
Family INOCERAMIDAE -
-
--
--
--
-
-
? Family KINERKAELLIDAE Scarlato & Staroboga-
? Family LUNULACARDIIDAE
Family MANTICULIDAE
22Composition of Ambonychioidea presently under revision by JC.
Family MONOPTERIIDAE
Family MYALINIDAE -
? Family PROKOPIEVSKIIDAEProcopievskiidae
Family RAMONALINIDAE
SPF PTERIOIDEA Gray, 1847 (1820)23
Family PTERIIDAE -24; = Margaritidae Blain-
Family BAKEVELLIIDAE
? Family CASSIANELLIDAE
Family ISOGNOMONIDAE-
? Family KOCHIIDAE
Family MALLEIDAE
Family PERGAMIDIIDAESF PERGAMIDIINAESF ORETIINAE
Family PLICATOSTYLIDAE Lupher & Packard, -
Family POSIDONIIDAE
Family PTERINEIDAE -
-
23
24Pteriidae is in prevailing usage and is conserved
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES
Family PULVINITIDAE
Family RETROCERAMIDAE
SPF PINNOIDEA Leach, 1819
Family PINNIDAE
Order Ostreida Férussac, 1822
SPF OSTREOIDEA
Family OSTREIDAESF OSTREINAE
T OSTREINI
T CRYPTOSTREINIT PUSTULOSTREINIT UNDULOSTREINI
SF CRASSOSTREINAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
T CRASSOSTREINI Scarlato & Starobogatov,
T STRIOSTREINIT TURKOSTREINI
SF FLEMINGOSTREINAE Stenzel, 1971T FLEMINGOSTREINI Stenzel, 1971 [= ODONTO-
GRYPHAEINI Vialov, 1983 (n.a.)]T AMBIGOSTREINIT CURVOSTREINIT LIOSTREINI
SF LOPHINAET LOPHINIT MYRAKEENINI
Family ARCTOSTREIDAESF ARCTOSTREINAE
SF PALAEOLOPHINAE
Family CHONDRODONTIDAE
Family GRYPHAEIDAE -]
SF GRYPHAEINAESF EXOGYRINAE -
-
SF GRYPHAEOSTREINAESF PYCNODONTEINAE
Superfamily composition largely following Malchus
T PYCNODONTINI -
T HYOTISSINIT NEOPYCNODONTINI
Order Pectinida Gray, 1854
SPF uncertain:
Family EUCHONDRIIDAESF EUCHONDRIINAESF CRENIPECTININAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family PRAEOSTREIDAE
Family PROSPONDYLIDAE
Family SAHAROPTERIIDAE G. Termier & H.
Family VLASTIDAE
SPF ANOMIOIDEA
Family ANOMIIDAE -
Family PERMANOMIIDAE
Family PLACUNIDAE
SPF AULACOMYELLOIDEA ICHIKAWA, 195828
Family AULACOMYELLIDAE
Family BOSITRIDAE
SPF AVICULOPECTINOIDEA Meek & Hayden, 1865
Family AVICULOPECTINIDAESF AVICULOPECTININAESF ECHINIFERIPECTININAE
Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
Superfamily composition largely following Water-
BIELER ET AL.
SF HAYASAKAPECTININAESF SPYRIDOPECTININAESF UNDOPECTININAE
Family DELTOPECTINIDAESF DELTOPECTININAESF CYRTOROSTRINAESF SQUAMULIFERIPECTININAE
SPF BUCHIOIDEA Cox, 1953 (1886)
Family BUCHIIDAE -31]
Family EURYDESMATIDAE
SPF CHAENOCARDIOIDEA S. A. Miller, 188932
Family CHAENOCARDIIDAE
?Family BINIPECTINIDAE
Family STREBLOCHONDRIIDAESF uncertain: Tribe FURCATIINISF STREBLOCHONDRIINAESF GUIZHOUPECTININAESF ORBICULOPECTININAE
T ORBICULOPECTININIT EOCAMPTONECTINI
SF SATURNELLINAESF STREBLOPTERIINAE
SPF DIMYOIDEA P. Fischer, 1886
Family DIMYIDAE
SPF HETEROPECTINOIDEA Beurlen, 195433
Family HETEROPECTINIDAESF HETEROPECTININAE
Superfamily composition following Waterhouse -
stead of Eurydesmatoidea.31Buchiidae is in prevailing usage and is conserved
32 Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
33 Superfamily composition largely following Water-
used instead of Etheripectinoidea, and Heteropec-tinidae is used instead of Etheripectinidae, based on family-group name priority.
SF ETHERIPECTININAESF CASSIANOIDINAESF GIRTYPECTININAE
Family ACANTHOPECTINIDAESF ACANTHOPECTININAESF COSTATOPLICATININAESF LAMNIPECTININAE
Family ANNULICONCHIDAE
Family LIMIPECTINIDAE
SPF HALOBIOIDEA Kittl, 191234
Family HALOBIIDAE
Family CLARAIIDAESF CLARAIINAESF CHULUARIINAESF PSEUDOCLARAIINAE
?Family DAONELLIDAE
SPF LEIOPECTINOIDEA Krasilova, 1959
Family LEIOPECTINIDAE
SPF MONOTOIDEA P. Fischer, 1886
Family MONOTIDAE
Family DOLPONELLIDAE
SPF OXYTOMOIDEA Ichikawa, 1958
Family OXYTOMIDAESF OXYTOMINAESF MACCOYELLINAE
Family OTAPIRIIDAESF OTAPIRIINAE
34 Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
If the latter belongs here, the superfamily name would be based on Daonellidae rather than Halobiidae. Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES 121
SF ASOELLINAESF AUCELLININAE
SPF PECTINOIDEA
Family PECTINIDAESF PECTININAE
T PECTININI
--
T DECATOPECTININISF CAMPTONECTINAE
SF CHLAMYDINAE -
T CHLAMYDINIT AUSTROCHLAMYDINIT CRASSADOMINISF MCLEARNIINAE
SF PALLIOLINAE --
T PALLIOLINIT ADAMUSSIINI
T EBURNEOPECTININIT MESOPEPLINI
T PSEUDENTOLIINIT SERRIPECTININI
SF PEDINAE
SF PSEUDOPECTININAESF WEYLINAE
Family ENTOLIIDAESF ENTOLIINAESF PALAEOENTOLIINAE
SF SYNCYCLONEMATINAE
Family ENTOLIOIDESIDAESF ENTOLIOIDESINAESF CALVAENTOLIINAE
Family NEITHEIDAE
Family PERNOPECTINIDAE -
Family PROPEAMUSSIIDAE
Family TOSAPECTINIDAE
Family SPONDYLIDAE -
SPF PLICATULOIDEA Gray, 1854
Family PLICATULIDAE
SPF PSEUDOMONOTOIDEA Newell, 1938
Family PSEUDOMONOTIDAESF PSEUDOMONOTINAESF PEGMAVALVULINAE
Family HUNANOPECTINIDAESF HUNANOPECTININAE YIN, 1985SF LEPTOCHONDRIINAE
Family TERQUEMIIDAE
SPF PTERINOPECTINOIDEA Newell, 1938
Family PTERINOPECTINIDAESF PTERINOPECTININAESF PTERINOPECTINELLINAESF TESSERATIINAE
Family NATALISSIMIDAESF NATALISSIMINAESF PSEUDAVICULOPECTININAE
Order Limida Moore, 1952
SPF LIMOIDEA
Family LIMIDAESF LIMINAE
SF CTENOSTREONINAESF LIMATULINAE -
-
SF MYSIDIOPTERINAESF PLAGIOSTOMINAE
Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
Superfamily composition following Waterhouse
BIELER ET AL.122
Superorder Heteroconchia Gray, 1854
Order uncertain:
Family AMNIGENIIDAE
Family LIPANELLIDAE
Family PALAEOMUTELIDAE
Clade Palaeoheterodonta Newell, 196541
Order Trigoniida Dall, 188942
SPF BEICHUANIOIDEA Liu & Gu, 1988
Family BEICHUANIIDAE
SPF MEGATRIGONIOIDEA van Hoepen, 1929
Family MEGATRIGONIIDAE 43
SF MEGATRIGONIINAE
SF APIOTRIGONIINAET APIOTRIGONIINIT HETEROTRIGONIINI
SF PTEROTRIGONIINAE
Family IOTRIGONIIDAE
Family RUTITRIGONIIDAE
SPF MYOPHORELLOIDEA Kobayashi, 195444
Family MYOPHORELLIDAESF MYOPHORELLINAESF STEINMANELLINAE
Family BUCHOTRIGONIIDAESF BUCHOTRIGONIINAESF SYROTRIGONIINAE
41 Ordinal and superfamily compositions by JC.42 Ordinal and superfamily compositions by JC.43
44
with addition of Buchotrigoniidae from Pérez &
Family LAEVITRIGONIIDAESF LAEVITRIGONIINAESF FRENGUELIELLINAE
Family VAUGONIIDAESF VAUGONIINAESF QUADRATOTRIGONIINAE
SPF TRIGONIOIDEA Lamarck, 1819
Family TRIGONIIDAESF TRIGONIINAE -
-
SF MINETRIGONIINAESF NOTOTRIGONIINAE -
SF PLEUROTRIGONIINAESF NEUQUENITRIGONIINAE H. A. Leanza,
SF PSILOTRIGONIINAE
Family EOSCHIZODIDAE
Family GROEBERELLIDAE Pérez, Reyes &
Family MYOPHORIIDAE -
Family PROSOGYROTRIGONIIDAE Kobayashi,
SF PROSOGYROTRIGONIINAESF PRAEGONIINAE
Family SCAPHELLINIDAE Newell & Ciriacks,
Family SCHIZODIDAESF SCHIZODINAESF EOASTARTINAE
Family SINODORIDAE
Schizodidae has priority over Eoastartidae follow-
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES 123
Order Unionida Gray, 1854
?SPF Archanodontoidea Modell, 1957
Family ARCHANODONTIDAE
SPF uncertain:
Family DESERTELLIDAE
Family TRIGONODIDAE -
Family UTSCHAMIELLIDAE
SPF ETHERIOIDEA Deshayes, 1832
Family ETHERIIDAE [= Mullerii-
]
Family IRIDINIDAESF IRIDININAE
SF ASPATHARIINAE [= Spathop-
is a result of combining proposed, and in some
D. Campbell, J. Hartman & W. R. Hoeh (pers.
Placement of this superfamily in Order Unionida is uncertain.
this group and this priority issue needs addressing. See also notes for Etheriidae and Mycetopodi-dae.G
– included Etheria, Acostaea, and Pseudomulleriain Etheriidae. If Acostaea [= Mulleria] and Etheriabelong to the same family, Mulleriidae has priority over simultaneously published Etheriidae following
-clator.
belonging to Unionidae following Bogan & Hoeh
Aspathariinae has priority over Spathopsinae fol-lowing First Reviser action by Graf & Cummings
Family MYCETOPODIDAESF MYCETOPODINAESF ANODONTITINAE -
; = Glabarinae Modell,
SF LEILINAESF MONOCONDYLAEINAE -
SPF HYRIOIDEA Swainson, 1840
Family HYRIIDAESF HYRIINAE
T HYRIINIT HYRIDELLINI
;
T CASTALIINIT DIPLODONTINI [= Rhipido-
SF VELESUNIONINAE
SPF TRIGONIOIDOIDEA Cox, 1952
Family TRIGONIOIDIDAESF TRIGONIOIDINAE
Etheria close to Acostaea with the Mycetopodidae, while Pseudomulleria was placed in the Unionidae. If Acostaea [= Mulleria] and Mycetopoda belong to the same family, Mulleriidae has priority over Myc-etopodidae (and, if placed there, over subfamily Anodontitinae).
-etopodidae and apparently advocated recognizing Bartlettiinae over Anodontitinae and Glabarinae if
implicitly treated Bartlettinae as a synonym of Anodontitinae.Priority of Anodontitinae over simultaneously published Glabarinae determined by First Reviser
-
Campbell, Hartman & Hoeh (pers. com.) suggested subfamily rank for the listed tribes.Priority over simultaneously established Cucumer-unioninae determined by ICZN Art. 24.1.
will require Commission ruling following ICZN Art.
BIELER ET AL.124
SF AMERICUNIONINAESF DANLENGICONCHINAESF MARTINSONELLINAESF PEREGRINOCONCHINAE Gu, Chen & Lan,
?Family JILINOCONCHIDAE
Family NAKAMURANAIADIDAE -
Family PLICATOUNIONIDAE
Family PSEUDOHYRIIDAE
Family SAINSCHANDIIDAE
SPF UNIONOIDEA
Family UNIONIDAESF UNIONINAE
T UNIONINI
(n.a.); = Acuticostinae Starobogatov,
T ANODONTINI -
(n.a.)]SF GONIDEINAE [= Pseudo-
; = Limnosca-; = Hyriopsinae
; =
SF AMBLEMINAE
Unioninae has priority over Anodontinae follow-
Nomenclator. Alternatively placed as tribe Gonideini within Am-
Alternatively placed as SF incertae sedis with Leguminaiini in synonymy, by Graf & Cummings
Alternatively placed as SF incertae sedis with Hyriopsinae in synonymy, by Graf & Cummings
Alternatively placed as SF incertae sedis, by Graf
T AMBLEMINIT LAMPSILINI
-
-
-
?T OXYNAIINIT PLEUROBEMINI -
T QUADRULINI -]
SF COELATURINAE [= Pseuda--
SF MODELLNAIINAESF PARREYSIINAE 67 [= Diplasmi-
SF QIYANGIIDAESF RECTIDENTINAE -
]
? Family LIAONINGIIDAE(invalid)
Family MARGARITIFERIDAE--
Family SANCTICAROLITIDAE Simone & Mezzalira,
-ariinae as a synonym of Pseudospathinae Leloup,
He put Contradens in Coelaturini but recognized Rectidentinae and Nannonaiini (the latter in Coela-turinae) and so did not establish priority of those three relative to each other. Also including Pseudomulleriidae Starobogatov,
D. Campbell, Hartman & Hoeh (pers. com.). Nannonaiinae was placed incertae sedis within
Name-bearing genus a junior homonym; see No-menclator.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES
Clade Heterodonta Neumayr, 1884
Order and superfamily uncertain
Family ANODONTOPSIDAE
Family BAIDIOSTRACIDAE
Family CARYDIIDAE
Family INTIHUARELLIDAE
Family LYRODESMATIDAE
Family MONTANARIIDAE Scarlato & Staroboga-
Family NYASSIDAE
Family PSEUDARCIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family REDONIIDAE
Family TANAODONTIDAE
Family ZADIMERODIIDAE
Order Lucinida Gray, 1854
SPF BABINKOIDEA Horný, 1960
Family BABINKIDAE
Family COXICONCHIIDAE
SPF LUCINOIDEA J. Fleming, 1828
Family LUCINIDAESF LUCININAE -
SF CODAKIINAESF FIMBRIINAE
SF ILIONIINAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
do not support the orders as given below. With Lucinidae as only extant representative, fol-
The current breakdown in previously named subfami-lies is not fully supported by forthcoming molecular studies (J. D. Taylor, pers. com.).
SF MILTHINAESF MYRTEINAE
Family MACTROMYIDAE
Family PARACYCLIDAE
SPF THYASIROIDEA Dall, 1900 (1895)
Family THYASIRIDAE -; = Axinopsidinae F. R.
Order Actinodontida Dechaseaux, 1952
SPF CYCLOCONCHOIDEA Ulrich, 1894
Family CYCLOCONCHIDAESF CYCLOCONCHINAESF TASELASMODINAE
Family ACTINODONTIDAE
Order Carditida Dall, 1889
SPF uncertain
Family AENIGMOCONCHIDAE
Family PALAEOCARDITIDAE -
Family CARDINIIDAE
Family MYOPHORICARDIIDAE(n.a.)]
as independent clade removed from Lucinoidea.
Nomenclator. The name Actinodontidae is used here provision-ally, pending a decision of the Commission on its
(see Nomenclator).
that this group is outside of and sister to the Eu-heterodonta, the latter including Lucinoidea. This family, otherwise extinct since the Mesozoic,has been reported as living with a single genus and species, the Panamic Tellidorella cristulata S.
molecular study.
BIELER ET AL.
SPF CARDITOIDEA Férussac, 1822
Family CARDITIDAESF CARDITINAESF CARDITAMERINAESF CARDITESINAESF MIODOMERIDINAESF THECALIINAESF VENERICARDIINAE
Family CONDYLOCARDIIDAESF CONDYLOCARDIINAE -
?SF CARDITELLINAESF CUNINAE
SPF CRASSATELLOIDEA Férussac, 1822
Family CRASSATELLIDAESF CRASSATELLINAE -
-
SF SCAMBULINAESF ORIOCRASSATELLINAE
Family ASTARTIDAE]
SF ASTARTINAE]
SF HOLDHAUSIELLINAE -
SF ASTARTELLINAESF ERIPHYLINAESF OPINAESF PINZONELLINAESF TRIGONOPINAE R. N. Gardner & H. J.
Family EODONIDAE Carter, D. C. Campbell &
Family PTYCHOMYIDAE
being based on overlapping shape, sculptural, and hinge details. This family is a prime candidate for modern reevaluation using anatomical and molecular evidence.Placement in subfamily and family uncertain; genus Prosocoelus placed in Astartellinae by Boyd &
Astartidae is in prevailing usage and is conserved
Order uncertain
SPF ANTHRACOSIOIDEA Amalitsky, 1892
Family ANTHRACOSIIDAE
Family CARBONICOLIDAESF CARBONICOLINAESF OLIGODONTELLINAESF PALAEANODONTINAE
? Family OPOKIELLIDAE
Family PRILUKIELLIDAESF PRILUKIELLINAESF SENDERZONIELLINAE Betekhtina, Staroboga-
Family SHAANXICONCHIDAE
Family SINOMYIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
“Megalodonts”
Family CONGERIOMORPHIDAE
Family DICEROCARDIIDAE
Family MECYNODONTIDAE
Family MEGALODONTIDAE Morris & Lycett,
Family PACHYRISMATIDAE Scarlato & Staroboga-
inv.)
Family PLETHOCARDIIDAE Scarlato & Staroboga-
Family WALLOWACONCHIDAE
Placement of Anthracosioidea in order Unionoida -
amination.An informal and in part poorly known group of “megalodont” families, considered distinct from the rudists (following Skelton, pers. com., 1 February
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES
Order Hippuritida Newell, 1965
SPF RADIOLITOIDEA d’Orbigny, 1847
Family RADIOLITIDAE --
-
Family ANTILLOCAPRINIDAE
Family CAPRINIDAESF CAPRININAESF CAPRINULOIDEINAE -
-
Family CAPRINULIDAE
Family CAPROTINIDAE -
-
Family DICERATIDAE
Family HIPPURITIDAE
-
Family ICHTHYOSARCOLITIDAE]
Peter Skelton (pers. com.) for the rudist part of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, with nomenclatural adjustments herein.
yet placed. Priority over simultaneously established Caprini-dae determined by First Reviser action of Bouchet & Rocroi, see Nomenclator.
to the synonymy of Hippuritidae based on http://www.paleotax.de/rudists/. Ichthyosarcolitidae is conserved under ICZN Art.
Family MONOPLEURIDAE Munier-Chalmas,
Family PLAGIOPTYCHIDAE
Family TRECHMANELLIDAE --
SPF REQUIENIOIDEA Kutassy, 1934
Family REQUIENIIDAE -(nomen oblitum);
Family EPIDICERATIDAE-
Order Venerida Gray, 1854
SPF uncertain
Family HEMIDONACIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
SPF ARCTICOIDEA Newton, 1891 (1844)
Family ARCTICIDAE; = Cyprinia-
Family EULOXIDAE
Family ISOCYPRINIDAE
Family POLLICIDAE
Family TRAPEZIDAE -; = Libitinidae Thiele,
Family VENIELLIDAE
Arcticidae is in prevailing usage and is conserved
Trapezidae is in prevailing usage and is conserved
BIELER ET AL.
SPF CARDIOIDEA Lamarck, 1809
Family CARDIIDAE [= Pterocar-]
SF CARDIINAE
SF CLINOCARDIINAE -
SF FRAGINAE-
niocardiidae Scarlato & Starobogatov,
SF LAHILLIINAESF LAEVICARDIINAE -
SF LYMNOCARDIINAET LYMNOCARDIINI
ST LYMNOCARDIINAST CERASTODERMATINA
ST ACOBAECARDIINAST AVICULOCARDIINAST CHARTOCONCHINAST CHOKRAKIINAST DIGRESSODACNINAST MERKLINICARDIINAST OBSOLETIFORMINAST PACHYDACNINAST PANTICAPAEINAST PHYLLOCARDIINAST PLANACARDIINAST PLICATIFORMINAST PONTALMYRINAST PRIONOPLEURINAST PSEUDOCATILLINA
T ADACNINI -
-
T DIDACININIT LIMNOPAPPIINIT PARADACNINI
by JC and GC. Some authors have recognized the Lymnocardiidae and Tridacnidae as separate families, but this would
Paleontologists have divided the Lymnocardiinaeinto a myriad of named units – here charitably listed as tribes and subtribes.
T PROSODACNINI-
T PSEUDOCARDITINI?T TRAPEZICARDIINI Kanjilal & Srinivasan,
SF PLEURIOCARDIINAESF ORTHOCARDIINAE
SF PROFRAGINAESF PROTOCARDIINAESF TRACHYCARDIINAESF TRIDACNINAE -
-
SF TULONGOCARDIINAE
SPF CHAMOIDEA Lamarck, 1809
Family CHAMIDAE
SPF CYAMIOIDEA G. O. Sars, 1878
Family CYAMIIDAE -
Family BASTEROTIIDAE -
Family GALATHEAVALVIDAE
Family SPORTELLIDAE
SPF CYRENOIDEA Gray, 1840
Family CYRENIDAE Corbiculidae; = Serrilaminulinae Lindholm,
-
?Family GLAUCONOMIDAE -
The composition of this superfamily, whose members mostly have external ligaments, and its relationship to the Galeommatoidea (mostly with internal ligaments), are not yet resolved. The available senior name, Cyrenidae, has been in use and cannot be considered a nomen oblitum. Sperm characters do not support close relationship with Veneroidea, Cyrenoidea, Myoidea, Mactroidea,
Cyrenoididae and Corbiculidae (now Cyrenidae).
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES
SPF CYRENOIDOIDEA H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857 (1853)
Family CYRENOIDIDAE H. Adams & A. Adams, ]
SPF DREISSENOIDEA Gray, 1840
Family DREISSENIDAESF DREISSENINAE -
-
SF DREISSENOMYINAE
SPF GAIMARDIOIDEA Hedley, 1916
Family GAIMARDIIDAE -
SPF GALEOMMATOIDEA Gray, 1840
Family GALEOMMATIDAE -
-Ephip-
= Vasconiellidae Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family LASAEIDAE
--
-
-
Cyrenoididae is in prevailing usage and is con-
this family into supported clades.
this family into supported clades.
SPF GLOSSOIDEA Gray, 1847 (1840)
Family GLOSSIDAE -; = Bucardiidae H. Adams
Family KELLIELLIDAE -
Family VESICOMYIDAE
SPF MACTROIDEA Lamarck, 1809
Family MACTRIDAESF MACTRINAE -
SF LUTRARIINAESF KYMATOXINAE
-
SF TANYSIPHONINAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
SF ZENATIINAE -
Family ANATINELLIDAE
Family CARDILIIDAE
Family MESODESMATIDAESF MESODESMATINAE
SF DAVILINAE
SPF SPHAERIOIDEA Deshayes, 1855 (1820)
Family SPHAERIIDAESF SPHAERIINAE
-
Glossidae is in prevailing usage and is conserved
With shell morphology otherwise suggesting simi-larity to the Cardiidae, but an internal ligament, this family would be a prime candidate for molecular investigation.
BIELER ET AL.
SF EUGLESINAE
SF EUPERINAESF PISIDIINAE -
? Family FERGANOCONCHIDAE
Family KIJIDAE
Family LIMNOCYRENIDAE
?Family NEOMIODONTIDAE -
Family PSEUDOCARDINIIDAE
Family SIBIRECONCHIDAE
SPF TELLINOIDEA Blainville, 1814
Family TELLINIDAE -
Family DONACIDAE
Family ICANOTIIDAE
Family PSAMMOBIIDAE -; = Capsinae Stoliczka,
-; = Sanguinolariinae
Family SEMELIDAESF SEMELINAE -
-
SF ERVILIINAESF SCROBICULARIINAE H. Adams & A. Adams,
Family SOLECURTIDAE
A synonym of Psammobiidae or of Solecurtidae.See Nomenclator. Asaphidae is a junior homonym of Asaphidae
trilobites (see Nomenclator). Any use of the mol-luscan name (e.g., as a subfamily name) will re-quire an application to the ICZN to have the name
Family SOWERBYIDAE
Family TANCREDIIDAE
Family UNICARDIOPSIDAE
Family QUENSTEDTIIDAE
SPF UNGULINOIDEA Gray, 1854
Family UNGULINIDAE -
SPF VENEROIDEA
Family VENERIDAESF VENERINAESF CALLOCARDIINAE
SF CHIONINAE [= Cyclininae
SF CLEMENTIINAESF DOSINIINAE
SF GEMMINAESF GOULDIINAE
SF LIOCONCHINAESF MERETRICINAE
SF SAMARANGIINAESF PETRICOLINAE
SF SUNETTINAE
SF TAPETINAE
SF TURTONIINAE
Family NEOLEPTONIDAE -
For discussion of subfamilies see Mikkelsen et al.
Priority over simultaneously established Cyclini-nae determined by ICZN Art. 24.1.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES 131
Order Myida Stoliczka, 1870
SPF MYOIDEA Lamarck, 1809
Family MYIDAESF MYINAESF CRYPTOMYINAESF SPHENIINAE
Family CORBULIDAESF CORBULINAE
SF CAESTOCORBULINAESF CORBULAMELLINAE
SF LENTIDIINAESF PACHYDONTINAE
Family ERODONIDAE
Family PLEURODESMATIDAE
Family RAETOMYIDAE -
SPF PHOLADOIDEA Lamarck, 1809
Family PHOLADIDAESF PHOLADINAE -
SF JOUANNETIINAESF MARTESIINAE -
SF XYLOPHAGINAE
Family TEREDINIDAESF TEREDININAE -
SF BANKIINAESF KUPHINAE
Order uncertain
SPF HIATELLOIDEA Gray, 1824
Family HIATELLIDAE
Xylopha-gusapplication will be presented to the ICZN to emend
SPF SOLENOIDEA Lamarck, 1809
Family SOLENIDAE
Family PHARIDAE H. Adams & A. Adams, 111
SF PHARINAESF SILIQUINAESF PHARELLINAESF NOVACULININAESF CULTELLINAE
Order uncertain
SPF MODIOMORPHOIDEA S. A. Miller, 1877112
Family MODIOMORPHIDAE-
-
Family CYPRICARDINIIDAE
Family HIPPOPODIUMIDAE
Family PALAEOPHARIDAE -
Family TUSAYANIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
SPF KALENTEROIDEA Marwick, 1953113
Family KALENTERIDAE --
Solenoidea in a clade with Hiatellidae.111
with nomenclatural adjustments herein.112 Composition of Modiomorphoidea by JC. Mo-
diomorphidae has priority over simultaneously published Palanatinidae following First Reviser action of Carter, herein; see Nomenclator.
113 Composition proposed by JC.
BIELER ET AL.132
SPF GASTROCHAENOIDEA Gray, 1840
Family GASTROCHAENIDAE -
(n.a.)]
Order Pholadomyida Newell, 1965 [= Anom-alodesmata Dall, 1889]
SPF uncertain:
Family UCUMARIIDAE
SPF CERATOMYOIDEA Arkell, 1934
Family CERATOMYIDAE -
SPF CLAVAGELLOIDEA d’Orbigny, 1844114
Family CLAVAGELLIDAE nomenprotectum(nomen oblitum); = Humphreyiidae Gray,
-
Family PENICILLIDAE
SPF EDMONDIOIDEA King, 1850
Family EDMONDIIDAE -
Family PACHYDOMIDAE -
114 Evidence now suggests that the Clavagellidae and
Lyonsiidae, bringing into question the superfamily Clavagelloidea.Composition of Edmondioidea after Morris et al.
instead of Megadesmidae.
SPF MYOCHAMOIDEA P. P. Carpenter, 1861
Family MYOCHAMIDAE
Family CLEIDOTHAERIDAE
SPF PANDOROIDEA
Family PANDORIDAE
Family LYONSIIDAE -
SPF PHOLADOMYOIDEA King, 1844
Family PHOLADOMYIDAE -
Family BURMESIIDAE
? Family CERATOMYOPSIDAE
Family GRAMMYSIIDAESF GRAMMYSIINAESF CUNEAMYINAE
Family MARGARITARIIDAE
Family PARILIMYIDAE
Family PLEUROMYIDAE
Family SANGUINOLITIDAESF SANGUINOLITINAE
SF ALULINAE -
SF CHAENOMYINAESF PHOLADELLINAESF UNDULOMYINAESF VACUNELLINAE
[= Myoniidae Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Composition of Pholadomyoidea largely following
Proto-mya in Cuneamyinae.
CLASSIFICATION OF BIVALVE FAMILIES 133
SPF THRACIOIDEA Stoliczka, 1870 (1839)
Family THRACIIDAE; = As-
Family LATERNULIDAE
Family PERIPLOMATIDAE
Clade Septibranchia (within Pholadomyida)
SPF CUSPIDARIOIDEA Dall, 1886
Family CUSPIDARIIDAE
Family HALONYMPHIDAE Scarlato & Starobogatov,
Family PROTOCUSPIDARIIDAE Scarlato & Starobo-
?Family SPHENIOPSIDAE 121
The extant Pholadomyida/anomalodesmatan groups are here shown largely in their traditional
most families traditionally assigned to Thracioidea and Pandoroidea into ”thraciid” and ”lyonsiid” lin-eages, an action supported by sperm ultrastructure
placement of Periplomatidae and more information is needed for a formal taxonomic rearrangement. Thraciidae is in prevailing usage and is conserved
121 -lodesmata on the basis of an internal ligament and a lithodesma, and in the Cuspidarioidea on the basis of commarginal sculpture. Membershipin the Thracioidea might be as likely, and clearly
SPF POROMYOIDEA Dall, 1886122
Family POROMYIDAE -
Neaeroporomyidae Scarlato & Starobogatov, -
Family CETOCONCHIDAE
SPF VERTICORDIOIDEA Stoliczka, 1870
Family VERTICORDIIDAE
Family EUCIROIDAE
Family LYONSIELLIDAE
Order Orthonotida Pojeta, 1978
SPF ORTHONOTOIDEA S. A. Miller, 1877
Family ORTHONOTIDAE
Family KONDURIIDAE
? Family PROTHYRIDAE
Family SOLENOMORPHIDAESF SOLENOMORPHINAE -
SF PROMACRINAE
122
Notes added in proof:
--
-
BOUCHET & ROCROI134
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The acknowledgments for Bouchet & Rocroi’s 2005 gastropod volume (Malacologia, 47(1–2), 2005) are essentially relevant also for the present volume. Special additional thanks go to Alexandr Guzhov
Genera of the Bivalvia
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Palaeontology containing descriptions of the organic remains of the lower
Silurian rocks of Europe)
i–xxiii,33*
Dedicationdated 1 Sept.
Benthuysen
Palaeontology containing descriptions of the organic remains of the lower
part to the middle Silurian rocks of Europe)
i–viii,Benthuysen
GeologicalSurvey of New York
Palaeontology
Part 1
Part 2
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and the Oriskany sandstone.
i–xii,1–533
1–120
Benthuysen
GeologicalSurvey of the State of New York
Palaeontology
Part 1containing descriptions and
ilton, Portage and ChemungGroups
i–xviii,Benthuysen& Sons
GeologicalSurvey of the State of New York
Palaeontology
Part 1containing descriptions and
ton, Portage and ChemungGroups
i–lxii,Benthuysen& Sons
GeologicalSurvey of the State of New York
Palaeontology
Part 2containing descriptions of the
Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the upper
tage and Chemung Groups
i–xv,Benthuysen& Sons
GeologicalSurvey of the State of New York
Palaeontology
Part 21–113
Benthuysen& Sons
HANNIBALProceedings of the Malacological Society of Lon-
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Eupera TheAmerican Midland Naturalist
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aus dem Mineralogisch-Geologischen Staatsinstitut in HamburgThe University of
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Special PapersHERRMANNSEN Indicis generum malacozoorum primordia. Nomina subgenerum,
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Pages Plates
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40–54Title page and index
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International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
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1 1 1–40 1–102 11–203 21–304 31–405 i–xvi, 105–144 41–50
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Plastinchatozhabernye Handbook and systematic guide to the Tertiary Mollusca. Lamellibranchia
KOSCHELKINAKolyma
KOSCHELKINA
Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal
Butovicella gen. n. in the Silurian (Bivalvia). -logického
Praeostrea Casopis Naro-dniho Muzea
Slavinka gen. n. and Slavidae fam. n. (Bivalvia) from the Silurian of Bohemia.
Senckenbergiana Lethaea
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Annales des Sciences Naturelles
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Trudy Baikalskoi Limnologicheskoi Stantsii
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173
INDEX
Genus names that are types of a family-group name are not indexed separately, e.g. Venusand Veneridae are indexed together (under Veneridae), but Venerupis, which is not the type of a family, has its own entry.In case of multiple endings / ranks, only one rank is used in the index, e.g., Veneridae is a proxy for Venus, Venerinae, Veneridae, Veneroidea, Veneracea, Venerida, etc.Spelling variants of higher category names not based on a genus are not differentiated in the index.Page numbers in bold
Abiellidae 14, 118Acanthocardiini 14, 128Acanthopectinidae 14, 120Acephala 90, 91, 95, 98, 99, 102, 111Acephalophora 90, 109Acharacidae 9, 15, 115Acobaecardiini 15, 128Acostaeidae 15, 123Actinodesmatinae 15, 118Actinodont(id)a 90, 103, 105, 125Actinodontidae 15, 125Actinodontophoridae 15, 131Actinopterellinae 15, 118Acuticostinae 15, 124Adacnidae 15, 45, 128Adamussiinae 15, 121Adapedonta 90Adelosiphonia 15Adesmacea 15, 90, 91, 92Adranidae 15, 115Adulinae 15, 116Aenigmoconchidae 15, 125Aequipectininae 16, 121Aetheriidae. See EtheriidaeAfghanodesmatidae 8, 16, 114Aglossa 90Ahtioconchidae 16, 118Alasmidontinae 16, 18, 124Alasmodesmen 91Alatoconchidae 16, 91, 118Allodesmatidae 16, 106, 125Allogramma 82Allorismatidae 16, 98, 132Aloididae 16, 131Alulinae 16, 132Alveinidae 16, 129Ambigostreini 16, 119Ambleminae 16, 124Ambonodonta 91
MALACOLOGIA, 2010, 52(2): 173 184
Ambonychiidae 16, 90, 91, 109, 116, 118Ameodontida 91Americunioninae 8, 16, 124Amnigeniidae 17, 93, 122Amotapidae 17, 131Amphicoeliidae 17, 118Amphidesmatidae 9, 17, 79, 109, 130Amphidonteinae 17, 119Amphikoilinae 17Amusiidae 17, 121Amussiopectininae 17, 121Amyaria 91, 94Anadarinae 17, 117Anadesmen 91Anatinellidae 17, 129Anatinidae 17, 37, 39, 49, 75, 91, 96, 97, 98,
99, 101, 103, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 133Anditrigoniidae 17, 122Anisomyaria 91, 93, 97, 108, 110, 111Annuliconchidae 17, 120Anodontinae 16, 17, 50, 65, 83, 87, 124Anodontitinae 18, 41, 123Anodontoda 91Anodontopsidae 18, 125Anomalobranchia 91Anomalodesmata 91, 98, 107, 132Anomiidae 18, 91, 92, 93, 101, 103, 106,
107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 116, 119Anomoptychidae 8, 18, 127Anopaeinae 18, 118Antactinodiontidae 18, 114Anthracomya 93Anthraconautidae 18, 118Anthracosiidae 18, 25, 90, 104, 126Antillocaprinidae 18, 127Antipleuridae 18, 92, 95, 104, 116Apiotrigoniinae 18, 122Appendiculata 92Archaeocardiidae 18, 114Archanodontidae 18, 123Archiheterodonta 92Arcicardiini 19, 128Arcidae 19, 59, 70, 92, 93, 96, 98, 99, 100,
101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 116, 117
Arcidopsinae 19, 124Arcinellidae 19, 128Arcomyidae 19, 132Arcopagiinae 19, 130Arcticidae 19, 33, 92, 96, 97, 104, 127Arctostreinae 19, 119Arcuatulinae 19, 117Arcullaeinae 19, 117
MALACOLOGIA174
Arhouriellidae 19Arteminae 19, 130Asaphidae 8, 19, 130Ascoliéphores 92, 97Asiphonia / -idae 20, 92, 100, 109Asiphoniphores 92Asiphonophora 92Asoellidae 20, 121Aspathariinae 20, 81, 123Aspergillidae 20, 28, 66, 94, 104, 106, 109, 132Astartedonta 92Astartellinae 20, 126Astartidae 20, 92, 97, 100, 102, 104, 107,
112, 126Astartilinae 20, 132Asthenodonta 93Asthenothaerinae 20, 133Atomodesmatinae 20, 118Atrachia 93Atretidae 20, 120Aucellinae 20, 120Aucellinini 20, 121Aulacomyellidae 20, 98, 119Aupouriidae 7, 20, 118Austrochlamydini 20, 121Austrotrigoniinae 20, 122Auto(lamelli)branchia(ta) 93, 104, 116Avicardiini 21, 128Aviculariidae 21, 128Aviculidae 21, 62, 74, 91, 93, 100, 101, 102,
105, 106, 107, 112, 118Aviculocardiini 21, 128Aviculopectinidae 7, 8, 21, 93, 119Axinaeinae 21, 111, 117Axinopsidinae 21, 125Azoridae 21, 130
Babinkidae 21, 92, 97, 125Baidiostracidae 21, 125Bakevelliidae 21, 118Bankiinae 21, 131Barbatiidae 21, 117Barrettiinae 21, 127Bartlettiinae 21, 123Basterotiidae 22, 128Bathmoceraminae 22, 118Bathyarcidae 22, 117Bathymodiolinae 22, 117Bathyspinulidae 22, 115Batissa 41Batolitidae 5, 22, 127Bayleiidae 22, 127Beichuaniidae 22, 122Beloceraminae 22, 118Benthocardiellidae 22, 126Bernardinidae 22, 130Biforipalla 93Bimusculosa 93, 112
Binipectinidae 22, 120Biradiolitinae 22, 127Birostrites 109Bivalvia 93, 99, 114Boehmiceraminae 22, 118Borniinae 23, 40, 129Borniolidae 23, 129Bositridae 23, 119Bothriodonten 93Botulinae 23, 117Brachidontinae 23, 116Brachyanodontini 23, 124Bransoniidae 23Brazzaeinae 23, 124Brechitidae 23, 91, 93, 101, 132Bryopinae 23, 132Bucardiidae 23, 93, 129Buchiidae 23, 93, 120Buchiolidae 24, 116Buchotrigoniidae 24, 122Burmesiidae 24, 107, 132Butovicellidae 24, 131Byssiferia 24, 92, 103, 106
Cadomiidae 24, 115Caelaturinae. See CoelaturinaeCaelonotidae 5, 24Caestocorbulinae 24, 131Cafferiinae 24, 124Calceola 109Calcicaniculariini 24, 121Callistinae 24, 130Calloarcinae 24, 117Callocardiidae 24, 130Calvaentoliinae 24, 121Camptonectinae 9, 24, 121Camyidae 24, 114Caprinellidae 24, 46, 127Caprinidae 24, 76, 94, 105, 127Caprinulidae 25, 127Caprinuloideinae 25, 127Caprotinidae 25, 127Capsinae 25, 130Carbonicolidae 25, 126Cardiidae 6, 25, 92, 93, 94, 96, 99, 100, 101,
104, 107, 112, 128, 129Cardiliidae 25, 107, 129Cardiniidae 25, 93, 100, 125Cardiodonta 93Cardiolariidae 25, 114Cardiolidae 25, 116Cardiomorphidae 25, 132Cardiomyidae 25, 133Carditamerinae 25, 126Carditellidae 25, 126Carditesinae 26, 126Carditidae 26, 44, 83, 92, 94, 97, 100, 103,
104, 106, 110, 111, 112, 126
INDEX 175
Carydiidae 26, 125Caryocorbulinae 26, 131Cassianellidae 26, 118Cassianoididae 26, 120Castaliinae 26, 123Catamarcaiidae 26, 117Catellidae 26, 117Cerastes 47, 111Cerastodermatinae 26, 128Ceratomyidae 26, 107, 132Ceratomyopsidae 26, 132Ceratostreoninae 26, 119Cercomyidae 26, 116Ceromyidae 26, 39, 109, 132Cetoconchidae 27, 108, 133Cetomyinae 27, 133Chaeninae 27, 132Chaenocardiidae 27, 93, 120Chaenomyinae 27, 132Chametracheidae 27, 128Chamidae 27, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100,
101, 102, 104, 107, 111, 128Chamostreidae 9, 27, 28, 91, 94, 132Chartoconchini 27, 70, 128Chelisomidae 94Chiapasellidae 27, 127Chionidae 27, 130Chlamydinae 27, 121Chlamydoconchidae 27, 91, 92, 94, 129Chokrakiini 28, 128Chondrodontidae 28, 119Chuluariinae 28, 120Cinclidoceraminae 28, 118Circinae 28, 130Cirravidae 28, 114Citothyrisidae 28, 133Cladoceraminae 28, 118Cladopoda 94Claraiidae 28, 120Clausiconchae 94, 112Clavagellidae 28, 37, 66, 91, 94, 98, 101,
107, 110, 132Cleidothaeridae 9, 15, 28, 107, 132Clementiidae 29, 130Clinocardiinae 29, 80, 128Clinopisthinae 9, 29, 115Coalcomaninae 29, 127Cochlearitidae 29, 118Codakiidae 29, 125Coelaturinae 29, 124Colloconchida 94, 109Coloniceramidae 29, 118Colpomyidae 29, 116Concavodontinae 29, 115Concentrichlamydinae 29, 121Conchacea 29, 93, 94, 98Conchae 29, 94Conchifera 92, 95, 98, 99, 102, 106, 110
Conchophora 94, 96, 101, 103, 104, 105, 107Condylocardiidae 29, 94, 104, 126Congeriomorphidae 30, 126Conocardiidae 30, 94, 95, 109Contradentinae 30, 76, 124Cooperellidae 30, 130Coralliophaga 5, 51Corbiculidae 30, 41, 92, 104, 128Corbidae 30, 40, 100, 125Corbulamellinae 30, 131Corbulidae 16, 30, 94, 96, 99, 104, 105, 110,
111, 131Cordiceraminae 30, 118Cormopoda 95, 106Corneocycladidae 30, 129Costatoplicatininae 30, 120Costatoriidae 30, 122Costeininae 30, 119Coxiconchiidae 30, 125Craspedodesmen 95Crassadomini 31, 121Crassatellidae 31, 92, 99, 100, 103, 104, 110,
112, 126, 128Crassatellitidae 5, 31, 126Crassinidae 20, 31, 99, 126Crassipeda 95Crassostreidae 31, 119Cratérodimaires 92, 95, 103, 109Cratéromonaires 92, 95, 103, 109Cremnoceraminae 31, 118Crenatulinae 24, 31, 62, 118Crenellinae 31, 117Crenipectinidae 31, 119Crenomytilini 31, 117Cricoceraminae 31, 118Cryptodesmen 95Cryptodonta 95, 105Cryptodontidae 31, 85, 125Cryptomyinae 31, 131Cryptostreini 31, 119Ctenidiobranchia 95Ctenodontidae 8, 31, 95, 109, 114Ctenostreoninae 31, 121Cucullaeidae 32, 117Cucullariinae 32, 117Cucullellidae 32, 115Cucumerunioninae 32, 72, 123Cultellidae 32, 131Cumberlandiinae 32, 124Cumingiinae 32, 130Cuneamyinae 32, 132Cunearcidae 32, 117Cuneopsinae 32, 124Cunidae 6, 32, 126Curtonotidae 32, 122Curvostreini 32, 119Cuspidariidae 32, 91, 95, 107, 108, 110, 133Cyamiidae 32, 92, 97, 128
MALACOLOGIA176
Cyamiomactridae 32, 128Cyamionematidae 32, 129Cycladidae 29, 33, 47, 81, 92, 93, 94, 97, 99,
100, 107, 129Cyclininae 33, 130Cycloconchidae 33, 103, 125Cycloconchoididae 33Cyclodonta 95Cymatoceraminae 33, 118Cypricardella 96Cypricardiidae 33, 50, 86, 96, 97, 127Cypricardiniidae 33, 96, 131Cyprimeria 96Cypriniadeidae 33, 127Cyprinidae 19, 29, 33, 94, 100, 101, 107,
112, 127Cyprogeniinae 33, 124Cyrenellidae 33, 94, 129Cyrenidae 29, 30, 33, 41, 94, 96, 97, 100,
107, 110, 128Cyrenoididae 34, 92, 128, 129Cyrtodontidae 34, 96, 98, 108, 117Cyrtorostridae 34, 120Cythereidae 29, 34, 55, 110, 130Cytherodontidae 34, 122
Dacrydiinae 34, 117Dactyloceraminae 34, 118Dallicordiidae 34, 96, 133Danlengiconchinae 34, 124Daonellidae 34, 120Dattidae 34, 118Davilinae 34, 129Decatopectinini 34, 121Deltopectinidae 34, 120Dentaspathariinae 34, 124Dermatomyidae 35, 133Desertellidae 35, 70, 123Desmodonta 96, 101Dexiobiinae 35, 116Dextrodonta 96Diadesmen 96Dianchoridae 35, 121Diapedastrophia 96Dibranchia 91, 92, 96, 100Diceratidae 35, 96, 107, 127Dicerocardiidae 35, 126Dictyoptychidae 35, 127Didacninae 35, 128Digressodacnini 35, 70, 128Dimya(ria) 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101, 103,
106, 108, 111Dimyidae 35, 96, 97, 108, 120Dinocardiini 35, 128Diodonten 97Diogenodonta 97Diplacophora 97Diplasminae 35, 43, 124
Diplodontidae (on Diplodon) 35, 77, 123Diplodontidae (on Diplodonta) 35, 130Diplophonia 97Disiphoniphores 92, 97, 109Dithyra 97Divaricellidae 36, 125Dolponellidae 36, 120Donacidae 36, 39, 92, 93, 94, 97, 100, 104,
111, 130Donacillidae 36, 129Dosiniinae 19, 36, 92, 96, 130Dreissenidae 36, 92, 95, 97, 101, 102, 104,
112, 129Dreissenomyinae 36, 129Drepanodonten 97Dromini 36, 124Duraniidae 36, 127Dysodonta 97, 101, 107
Eburneopectinini 36, 121Echiniferipectininae 36, 119Echinorbinae 36, 121Edentuloidea 36, 90, 132Edmondiidae 36, 108, 132Egeria 65Elatobranchiata 97, 99, 100, 106Elatocephala 97Eleutherorhabda 97Eligmidae 37, 116Elliptionidae 37, 124Elymellidae 37, 132Emarginato-palliata 97, 100Endocardines 98Endocéphales 98Enfermés 37, 100Enocephalidae 37, 129Ensiphonacea 37, 91, 98, 132Entoliinae 37, 121Entolioidesinae 37, 121Eoastartidae 37, 122Eocamptonectini 37, 120Eodonidae 37, 126Eomiodontinae 37, 130Eopteriidae 37, 98Eoschizodidae 37, 122Ephippodontidae 37, 129Epiceraminae 38, 118Epidiceratidae 38, 96, 127Eriphylinae 38, 126Eritropidae 38, 114Erodonidae 38, 131Erviliinae 38, 130Erycinidae 38, 92, 98, 100, 102, 107, 129Etheriidae 38, 57, 92, 93, 99, 100, 102, 104,
110, 111, 112, 123Etheripectinidae 38, 98, 120Eucharidae 38, 92, 128Euchasmidae 38
INDEX 177
Euchondriidae 38, 93, 119Euciroidae 38, 112, 133Eucrassatellidae 39, 126Eudesmodontida 98, 99Eugenoceraminae 39, 118Euglesidae 39, 107, 130Euheterodonta 98Eulamellibranchia(ta) 98, 99, 102, 103, 111Euloxidae 39, 127Eunymphacea 39, 99Eupectininae 39, 121Euperidae 39, 107, 130Euprotobranchia 98Eupteriomorphia 91, 98Eurydesmatidae 39, 103, 120Eusiphonia 39Eutaxodonta 91, 93, 98, 109Euunionidae 39Euxinibarneini 39, 131Evyanidae 39, 116Exocardines 98Exogyridae 39, 98, 99, 119
Falcatodontidae 39, 96, 117Ferganoconchidae 39, 130Ferraziidae 40, 102, 132Filibranchia(ta) 98, 99, 103, 108Fimbriidae 40, 98, 125Fistulana 15Flemingostreini 40, 119Foliobranchia 99Fordillidae 40, 98, 99, 114Fortipectininae 40, 121Fossulini 40, 123Fragillidae 40Fraginae 40, 128Frejidae 40, 117Frenguelliellidae 40, 122Friersoniinae 40, 124Furcatiini 40, 120Furcellinae 40, 131
Gafrariidae 40, 130Gaimardiidae 40, 56, 104, 129Galathea 29Galatheavalvidae 41, 128Galeommatidae 41, 92, 93, 98, 100, 102, 129Garinae 41, 130Gastrochaenidae 27, 36, 41, 99, 101, 103,
109, 132Gastrodeuteia 99Gastropempta 93, 99, 108Gastroproteia 99Gastrotetartika 99, 108Gastrotriteia 99, 108Geloinidae 41, 128Gemminae 41, 130Gervillia 62
Ginglymaconcha 99Girtypectininae 41, 120Glabarinae 18, 41, 123Glaucomyidae 41, 94, 103, 128Glauconomidae 41, 104, 112, 128Glebulini 41, 124Glominae 41, 115Glossidae 9, 23, 41, 92, 97, 104, 112, 129Glycimeridae 8, 37, 42, 96, 97, 109, 131Glycymerididae 42, 108, 117Glyptarcidae 42, 117Gnathodontidae 42, 76, 100, 129Gnesioceraminae 42, 118Gonideinae 42, 124Goniocardiidae 42, 128Goniophorinidae 42, 116Goniopoda 99Gouldiidae 42, 130Grammatodontidae 8, 42, 117Grammysiidae 24, 42, 95, 132Groeberellidae 42, 122Gruenewaldiidae 42, 122Gryphaeidae 42, 99, 119Gryphaeostreinae 43, 119Guangxiconchidae 43, 118Guizhoupectininae 43, 120Gyropleuridae 43, 127
Haenleiniinae 43, 118Halobiidae 43, 109, 120Halonymphidae 43, 133Hawaiarcinae 43, 117Hayasakapectinidae 43, 120Healeyidae 43, 131Heligmidae 37, 43Helioceraminae 43, 118Hemibranchia 99Hemidapedonta 99Hemidonacidae 43, 104, 127Hemipectininae 43, 121Hemisolasminae 43, 124Heteranomiidae 44, 119Heterocaprinidae 44, 127Heteroconchia 98, 99, 106, 122Heterodiceratidae 44, 96, 127Heterodonta 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 100, 104,
107, 125Heteromya(ria) 91, 100Heteropectinidae 44, 120Heteroperia 44Heterotrigoniini 44, 122Heudeaninae 44, 124Hianticonchae 100, 112Hiatellidae 44, 92, 103, 131Hinnitinae 44, 83, 121Hippocardiidae 44Hippomyidae 44, 131Hippopodiumidae 44, 131
MALACOLOGIA178
Hippuritellinae 44, 127Hippuritidae 44, 94, 98, 100, 102, 105, 109, 127Hochstetteriidae 44, 118Holdhausiellinae 44, 126Homoeodonta 100Homomya(ria) 97, 100Horiopleuridae 45, 127Humphreyiidae 45, 132Hunanopectinidae 45, 121Huxleyiidae 45, 104, 115Hyotissidae 45, 98, 99, 119Hypaninae 45, 128Hypogaeidae 45, 97, 111, 131Hyrcaniini 45, 128Hyridellinae 45, 123Hyriidae 45, 100, 109, 123Hyriopsinae 45, 124
Icanotiidae 45, 130Ichthyosarcolitidae 5, 45, 127Idonearcidae 46, 117Ilioniidae 46, 125Inappendiculata 100Inclusae 100Inoceramidae 46, 91, 93, 118Integripalliata 99, 100, 101, 105Intihuarellidae 46, 125Iotrigoniidae 46, 122Iridinidae 46, 99, 110, 123Ischyriniinae 46Ischyrodontidae 46, 116Isoarcidae 46, 115Isocardiidae 9, 23, 41, 46, 47, 95, 99, 100,
107, 111, 129Isocyprinidae 46, 127Isodonta 100, 101, 110Isodontidae 46, 130
Isognomonidae 46, 93, 118Isolimeidae 47, 121Isomya(ria) 101Isoperia 47
Janacekiidae 47, 115Jilinoconchidae 8, 47, 124Jolyidae 47, 56, 117Jouannetiinae 47, 53, 131
127Juliidae 47
Kalenteridae 47, 94, 131Kelliellidae 7, 47, 104, 107, 129Kelliidae 40, 47, 92, 129Kijidae 47, 130Kinerkaellidae 47, 118Kitsoniidae 48, 127Kochiidae 48, 118Kolymiidae 48, 118
Konduriidae 48, 133Kuphinae 48, 131Kymatoxinae 48, 129
Lacustrininae 48, 130Laevicardiinae 6, 48, 128Laevitrigoniinae 48, 122Lahilliinae 48, 128Lamellibranchia(ta) 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 101,
102, 103, 105, 106Lamellidentinae 48, 124Lamellipedia 29, 101Lamellodontidae 48Lamellotidae 48, 101, 119Lametilidae 48, 115Lamnipectininae 48, 120Lamprotulinae 48, 124Lampsilinae 48, 124Lapeirousiinae 48, 127Lasaeidae 40, 49, 92, 93, 101, 102, 129Laternulidae 15, 49, 91, 98, 101, 107, 133Laurskiidae 49, 114Lavignonidae 49, 110, 130Ledellinae 49, 115Ledidae 49, 61, 95, 106, 110, 112, 115Leguminaiini 49, 124Leilinae 49, 123Leiopectinidae 49, 77, 109, 120Leiopteriinae 8, 49, 118Lentidiinae 49, 131Lepidolepides 101Leptochondriidae 49, 121Leptodesmatinae 49, 118Leptodesmen 101Leptodomus 24Leptonidae 40, 49, 92, 97, 101, 102, 103,
111, 129Leptopoda 94, 101Liaoningiidae 49, 124Libitinidae 50, 127Limarcidae 50, 118Limariinae. See LimidaeLimatulidae 50, 121Limatulinidae 50, 116Limidae 24, 50, 83, 93, 96, 98, 102, 106,
109, 111, 116, 121Limipectinidae 50, 120Limnoconchae 50Limnocyrenidae 50, 130Limnopappiinae 50, 128Limnoperninae 50, 117Limnoscaphinae 50, 124Limopsidae 50, 117Limopterinae 50, 118Linotrigoniinae 50, 122Lioconchinae 50, 130Liostreinae 51, 119Lipanellidae 51, 122
INDEX 179
Lipocephala 102Lipodonta 102Litharcinae 51, 117Lithiotidae 5, 51, 102, 118Lithodominae 51, 117Lithophagellidae 5, 51, 127Lithophaginae 51, 93, 111, 117Loboconcha 102Lopatiniidae 51, 117Lophinae 51, 119Loripes 111Lortiellinae 51, 123Lucinidae 32, 47, 51, 92, 96, 97, 99, 100,
102, 104, 111, 112, 125Lunarcidae 51, 117Lunulacardiidae 51, 93, 118Lutetiidae 52, 129Lutrariinae 37, 52, 129Lymnocardiinae 6, 52, 128Lyonsiellidae 52, 112, 133Lyonsiidae 52, 82, 91, 101, 107, 132Lyrodesmatidae 7, 52, 90, 102, 112, 125Lyrodontidae 52, 122
Maccoyellinae 52, 120Macominae 52, 130Macrochlamydinae 52, 121Macrociliobranchia 102Macrodesmen 103Macrodontellidae 52, 117Macrodontidae 52, 64, 117Macrotrachia 102Mactridae 52, 93, 94, 96, 97, 101, 102, 103,
104, 107, 109, 111, 112, 128, 129Mactromyidae 52, 125Malimanininae 53, 118Malleidae 53, 62, 102, 105, 106, 118Malletiidae 53, 106, 110, 115Manticulidae 53, 118, 133Manzanellidae 53, 104, 115Margaritaninae 53, 124Margaritariidae 53, 132Margaritidae 53, 118Margaritiferidae 53, 124Marikelliidae 53, 129Martesiinae 53, 131Martinsonellinae 53, 124Matheriidae 54, 116Mclearniinae 54, 121Mclellaniinae 54, 130Mecynodontidae 54, 126Medionidinae 54, 124Megadesmidae 54, 132Megalodidae 54, 126Megalodontidae 54, 70, 94, 100, 102, 126Megalonaiadinae 54, 124Megatrigoniidae 54, 104, 122Melaxinaeinae 54, 117
Melinidae 47, 54, 118Melliterycinae 54, 129Mercenaria 54, 96Meretricinae 34, 44, 54, 130Merklinicardiini 55, 128Meroinae 55, 130Mesodesmatidae 7, 17, 55, 64, 107, 110,
111, 129Mesomyona 102, 106Mesopeplini 55, 121Mesosyntheta 103Metabranchia 103Metarrhiptae 103Microciliobranchia 103Microdontellidae 8, 55, 79, 126Microdontidae 55, 126Micropoda 94, 103Micropoliidae 55, 129Micropteriinae 55, 118Milthinae 55, 125Mimachlamydini 8, 55, 121Minetrigoniinae 55, 122Miodomeridinae 55, 126Modellnaiinae 55, 124Modiolarcidae 40, 55, 102, 129Modiolidae 24, 47, 56, 117Modiolodontidae 56, 116Modiolopsidae 56, 103, 116Modiomorphidae 56, 103, 131Monocondylaeinae 56, 123Monodonten 103, 107Monomya(ria) 91, 94, 95, 100, 103Monopleuridae 56, 94, 105, 127Monopteriidae 56, 118Monosiphoniphores 103Monotidae 56, 103, 120Montacutidae 40, 56, 129Montanariidae 56, 125Monticulinidae 56, 119Mulleriidae 38, 56, 62, 123Musculidae 57, 101, 116Musculiinae 57, 129Musculites 94, 103Mutelidae 57, 102, 108, 123Mweruellinae 57, 124Myadesmatidae 57, 129Myalinidae 57, 103, 118Mycetopodidae 57, 99, 123Myidae 37, 57, 75, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98,
99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 128, 131
Myllitidae 57, 129Myobranchia 104Myochamidae 39, 57, 107, 132Myoconchidae 24, 57, 131Myodakryotidae 57, 116Myoneridae 57, 133Myoniidae 6, 57, 132
MALACOLOGIA180
Myopholadidae 58, 132Myophorellidae 58, 104, 122Myophoricardiidae 58, 125Myophoriidae 7, 58, 100, 108, 112, 122Myophoriopidae 58, 125Myostropha 104Myrakeenini 58, 119Myrteinae 58, 125Mysellinae 58, 129Mysidiellidae 58, 117Mysidiopterinae 58, 121Mysiidae 58, 130Mytilidae 5, 24, 58, 91, 93, 95, 97, 100, 101,
103, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 112, 116Mytiloidinae 58, 118
Naiada(cea) 58, 93, 100, 101, 104, 108Naiaditidae 59, 118Nakamuranaiadidae 59, 124Nannonaiinae 59, 124Nanogyrini 59, 119Natalissimidae 59, 121Natasiinae 59, 114Naviculidae 59, 117Nayada. See Naiada.Neaeridae 59, 133Neaeroporomyidae 59, 133Neilonellidae 59, 115Neitheidae 59, 121Neklaniidae 59, 116Nemocardiinae 59, 128Nemodontinae 59, 117Neocomiceraminae 59, 118Neoheterodontei 104Neoleptonidae 60, 130Neomiodontidae 60, 130Neopisidiinae 60, 130Neopycnodontini 60, 119Neotaxodonta 104Neotrigoniinae 60, 122Nepiomorphia 104, 116Neuquenitrigoniinae 60, 122Nippononaiidae 60, 124Nodulariinae 60, 124Noetiidae 60, 117Nordenskjoeldiidae 60, 117Nototrigoniinae 60, 122Novaculininae 60, 131Nucinellidae 60, 104, 115Nuculanidae 60, 91, 104, 106, 115Nucularcidae 61, 115Nuculidae 61, 70, 91, 92, 95, 96, 99, 100,
101, 104, 106, 108, 111, 115Nuculinidae 61, 115Nuculitidae 61, 115Nuculominae 61, 115Nyassidae 61, 102, 125Nymphacea 61, 93, 111
Obliquidontinae 61, 117Obsoletiformini 61, 128Odontogryphaeini 61, 119Oligodonta 104Oligodontellinae 61, 126Oligosyringia 105Oncophoridae 61, 77, 130Opinae 61, 126Opokiellidae 61, 126Opponobranchia 105Orbiculopectininae 61, 120Oretiinae 62, 66, 118Oriocrassatellinae 62, 126Orobitellinae 62, 129Orthocardiinae 62, 128Orthoceraminae 62, 118Orthoconchae 105, 106Orthonotidae 62, 105, 133Oscillophini 62, 119Osculigeridae 62, 127Osteodesmatidae 62, 85, 133Ostreidae 62, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 98, 100,
102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 116, 119
Otapiriidae 62, 120Oxygona 62, 102Oxynaiini 62, 124Oxytomidae 62, 98, 120Ozomiidae 62
Pachycardiidae 63, 123Pachydacninae 63, 128Pachydesmen 105Pachydomidae 54, 63, 94, 132Pachydontinae 63, 131Pachyodonta 105Pachypoda 94, 105Pachyrismatidae 8, 63, 102, 126Palaeanodontidae 63, 102, 126Palaeobranchia 102, 105Palaeocardiidae 63, 116Palaeocarditidae 63, 125Palaeoconchae 105Palaeoconchidae 63, 115Palaeoentoliinae 63, 121Palaeoheterodonta 103, 105, 122Palaeolamellibranchia 105Palaeolophidae 63, 119Palaeomutelidae 63, 105, 122Palaeoneilidae 63, 115Palaeonuculinae 63, 115Palaeopharidae 63, 131Palaeotaxodonta 95, 106, 114Palaeounionidae 63Palanatinidae 63, 131Palliolinae 64, 121Pandoridae 15, 64, 75, 79, 91, 99, 101, 106,
107, 109, 132
INDEX 181
Panopeidae 64, 90, 104, 109, 131Panticapaeini 64, 70, 128Pantodonta 99, 106Paphiidae (on Paphia Lamarck) 44, 64, 96,
111, 129Paphiinae (on Paphia Röding) 9, 64, 130Paracyclidae 64, 125Paradacninae 64, 128
Parallelodonten 106, 111Parallelodontidae 42, 64, 108, 109, 117Pararcidae 64, 116Paraviculidae 65, 118Parayoldiellinae 65, 115Parilimyidae 65, 132Parreysiinae 65, 124Parvicardiini 65, 128Patinopectininae 65, 121Patulipalla 106, 107Pectinidae 17, 65, 83, 91, 92, 93, 96, 97,
100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, 116, 119, 121
Pectunculidae 42, 65, 70, 101, 107, 117Pedalionidae 65, 118Pediferia 65, 92Ped(um)inae 65, 83, 121Pegmavalvulinae 65, 121Pelecypoda 91, 92, 95, 96, 98, 101, 106, 108Pelicoidea 106Penicillidae 65, 132Peregrinoconchidae 66, 124Pergamidiidae 66, 118Periclista 106Periglypta 34Periplomatidae 39, 66, 101, 107, 133Perlaporomyidae 66, 133Permanomiidae 66, 109, 119Permoceraminae 66, 118Permophoridae 66, 131Pernariinae 66, 118Pernidae (on Perna Bruguière) 47, 62, 66,
107, 118Perninae (on Perna Philippson) 66, 116Pernopectinidae 6, 66, 121Perrierinidae 66, 128Petricolidae 51, 66, 94, 97, 107, 110, 112, 130Pharellinae 60, 67, 131Pharidae 67, 97, 131Phaseolidae 67, 76, 109, 115Phestiinae 67, 115Philobryidae 67, 107, 118Pholadellidae 67, 132Pholadidae 45, 67, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 98, 99,
100, 102, 104, 106, 109, 110, 131Pholadideinae 67, 131Pholadomyidae 39, 67, 96, 106, 132Pholeobiidae 67, 131
Phyllocardiini 67, 128Phyllopoda 94, 107Physunionini 67, 124Pichleriidae 67, 116Pil(a)eini 67, 124Pinnidae 24, 62, 68, 91, 93, 101, 107, 109,
111, 112, 116, 119Pintadina 62Pinzonellinae 68, 126Pironaeidae 68, 127Pisidiidae 68, 92, 107, 130Pitarinae 68, 130Placentidae 68, 105, 106, 119Placunanomiinae 68, 119Placunidae 68, 106, 119Placunopsidae 68, 119Plagimyona 106, 107Plagioptychidae 68, 127Plagiostominae 68, 121Planacardiini 68, 128Platodesmen 107Pleiodontidae 68, 123Plesiocyprinellinae 68, 132Plesiodiceratidae 68, 96, 127Plethocardiidae 69, 102, 126Pleuriocardiinae 69, 128Pleurobeminae 69, 124Pleuroconchae 107Pleurodesmatidae 69, 131Pleurodonta 107Pleurodonten 103, 107, 109Pleuromyidae 69, 107, 132Pleurophoridae 66, 69, 131Pleurotrigoniinae 69, 122Plicatiformini 69, 128Plicatostylidae 69, 118Plicatounionidae 69, 124Plicatulidae 69, 83, 108, 110, 121Pliocardiidae 69, 129Pliodonta 107Pliodontidae. See PleiodontidaePogonopoda 94, 107Policordiidae 69, 133Polidevciidae 67, 69, 115Pollicidae 69, 127Polyconitinae 70, 127Polydesmen 107Polydonten 107Polymesodinae 70, 128Polyodonta 70Polysyringia 108Pontalmyrini 27, 35, 64, 70, 73, 128Popenaiadinae 70, 124Poroledidae 70, 115Poromyidae 70, 108, 110, 133Porteriinae 70, 117Posidoniidae 70, 93, 118
MALACOLOGIA182
Postligatidae 70, 117Potamocorbulinae 70, 131Praeastartacea 70, 108Praecardiidae 70, 95, 104, 108, 116Praegoniinae 70, 122Praeheterodonta 70, 108Praelamellodontidae 71Praelucinidae 36, 71, 116Praenuculidae 71, 115Praeostreidae 71, 119Prasinidae 71, 91, 95Préastartidés. See PraeastartaceaPrilukiellidae 71, 126Prionodesmacea 101, 104, 106, 108, 112Prionodonta 104, 108Prionopleurini 71, 128Prisodontinae 71, 123Prisodontopsinae 71, 124Pristiglomidae 71, 115Procopievskiidae 71, 118Profraginae 71, 128Profulviini 71, 128Prokopievskiidae 71, 118Promacridae 72, 133Promargaritiferinae 72, 124Propeamussiidae 17, 72, 121Propehyridellidae 32, 45, 72, 123Propterinae 72, 124Prosocoelidae 72, 126Prosodacnidae 72, 128Prosogyrotrigoniidae 72, 122Prospondylidae 72, 108, 119Prothyridae 72, 133Protobranchia(ta) 91, 99, 102, 105, 108,
114Protocardiidae 59, 72, 97, 128Protoconchae 108Protocuspidariidae 72, 133Protoentoliinae 72, 121Protomyidae 73, 132Psammobiidae 21, 39, 73, 94, 107, 110, 130Pseudamussiinae 73, 121Pseudanodontinae 73, 124Pseudarcidae 73, 125Pseudaviculinae 35, 71, 73, 124Pseudaviculopectininae 73, 121Pseudentoliini 73, 121Pseudocardiniidae 73, 130Pseudocarditinae 73, 128Pseudocatillini 70, 73, 128Pseudoclaraiinae 73, 120Pseudoctenodonta 108Pseudocyrtodontidae 73, 114Pseudodontinae 74, 124Pseudohyriidae 74, 124Pseudolamellibranchia(ta) 103, 107, 108Pseudomonotidae 74, 93, 98, 121
Pseudomulleriidae 74, 123, 124Pseudopectininae 74, 121Pseudopolyconitidae 74, 127Pseudospathinae 74, 124Pseudotechnophoridae 74Pseudovaccinitinae 74, 127Psilodontini 74, 128Psilotrigoniinae 74, 122Psilunioninae 74, 124Pteriidae 74, 93, 96, 98, 102, 103, 106, 108,
109, 111, 116, 118Pterineidae 74, 118Pterinellinae 74, 118Pterinopectinellinae 75, 121Pterinopectinidae 74, 93, 109, 121Pteriomorpha 94, 109, 112, 116Pterocardiidae 75, 102, 128Pterochaeniinae 75, 118Pteroconchida 109Pteropsellinae 9, 74, 129Pteropsinae 9, 75, 129Pterotrigoniinae 75, 122Ptychobranchia 109Ptychobranchinae 75, 124Ptychodesmatidae 75, 117Ptychomyidae 75, 126Pucamyidae 75, 116Pulvinitidae 75, 119Pustulostreini 75, 119Pycnodonteidae 75, 98, 119Pyloridea 75
Qiyangiidae 75, 124Quadratotrigoniinae 75, 122Quadrulinae 76, 124Quenstedtiidae 76, 130
Radiidentidae 76, 109, 115Radiolaewellinae 76, 119Radiolitidae 76, 105, 109, 127Radulidae 76, 121Radulopectininae 76, 121Raetomyidae 76, 131Ramonalinidae 76, 118Rangiidae 76, 94, 107, 129Rectidentinae 8, 30, 59, 76, 124Redoniidae 76, 125Reniellidae 77, 93, 118Requieniidae 22, 77, 96, 127Resaniinae 77, 129Rethidae 77, 127Retroceramidae 77, 119Rhipidodonten 107, 109Rhipidodontini 77, 123Rhombopteriidae 77, 116Ribeiriidae 77Rocellariidae 77, 132
INDEX 183
Rostroconchia 10, 23, 30, 37, 38, 44, 46, 62, 74, 77, 84, 86, 89, 95, 98, 109
Rousseliinae 77, 127Rudist(id)ae 77, 90, 92, 97, 100, 105, 107,
109, 111Rutitrigoniidae 77, 122Rzehakiidae 77, 130, 133
Sachalinoceraminae 77, 118Saffordiidae 78, 116Saharopteriidae 78, 119Saikraconchinae 78, 118Sainschandiidae 78, 124Samarangiinae 78, 130Sancticarolitidae 78, 124Sanguinolariinae 75, 78, 130Sanguinolitidae 24, 78, 132Sareptidae 78, 115Saturnellinae 78, 120Saturniidae 59, 78, 115Sauvagesiidae 78, 127Saxicavellinae 78, 131Saxicavidae 44, 51, 78, 79, 102, 103, 109, 131Scabrotrigoniini 78, 122Scacchiidae 40, 78, 103, 129Scambulinae 78, 126Scaphellinidae 79, 112, 122Scaphulinae 79, 117Schizodidae 79, 122Schizodonta 91, 93, 105, 109Scintillidae 40, 79, 129Scoliéphores 97, 109Scrobiculariidae 79, 107, 111, 130Selenimyalininae 79, 118Semelidae 9, 79, 130Semi-Solenacés 79Senderzoniellinae 79, 126Seniliinae 79, 117Septaria 15Septibranchia(ta) 5, 23, 44, 79, 95, 99, 102,
105, 110, 111, 133Septiferidae 79, 117Septocardiidae 79, 125Serrilaminulinae 80, 128Serripectinini 80, 121Serripedini 29, 80, 128Setiglominae 80, 115Shaanxiconchidae 80, 126Sibireconchidae 80, 130Siliculidae 76, 80, 115Siliquinae 80, 131Silurinidae 80, 116Sinistrodonta 110Sinodoridae 80, 122Sinomyidae 80, 126Sinonaiinae 80, 124Sinupalliata 99, 101, 105, 110
Siphonida(e) 80, 100, 104, 110Siphonophora 106, 110, 112Slavidae 80, 116Solecardiidae 6, 80, 129Solecurtidae 21, 75, 80, 130Solemyidae 9, 81, 91, 92, 95, 99, 100, 101,
102, 104, 105, 108, 110, 115Solenellidae 53, 81, 115Solenidae 37, 75, 81, 90, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99,
100, 102, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 111, 131Solenomorphidae 81, 133Solenomyidae. See SolemyidaeSolenopsidae 81, 95, 133Soletelliniden 81Sowerbyidae 46, 81, 97, 130Spanilidae 81, 116Spathinae 81, 123Spathopsinae 81, 123Sphaeriastrinae 81, 129Sphaeriidae 81, 104, 107, 129Sphaeroceraminae 82, 118Sphaerulitidés 5, 82, 109, 127Sphenalia 40Spheniinae 82, 131Spheniopsidae 82, 133Sphenoceramidae 82, 118Spinolyonsiellidae 82, 132Spinulinae 22, 82, 115Spirodomidae 82Spondylidae 82, 83, 91, 93, 106, 107, 110, 121Spondylopectinidae 82, 121Sportellidae 82, 128Spyridopectininae 82, 120Squamuliferipectininae 83, 120Stefaniniellidae 83, 118Steinmanellinae 83, 122Stolidotidae 83, 116Stolleyiceraminae 83, 118Strabinae 83, 115Streblochondriidae 83, 120Streblopteriinae 83, 120Striarcinae 83, 117Strigillinae 83, 130Striostreini 83, 119Strophitinae 83, 124Stylodacninae 83, 128
Submytilacea 50, 83, 98, 110, 112Subostracea 83Subsilientia 110Subulatachlamydinae 83, 121Sunettinae 84, 130Synaptorhabda 111Syncyclonematidae 84, 121Syndesmen 111Synmyarier 111Syrotrigoniinae 84, 122
MALACOLOGIA184
Tactoceraminae 84, 118Taenioceraminae 84, 118Tanaodontidae 84, 125Tancrediidae 84, 94, 97, 130Tanysiphonidae 84, 129Tapetinae 9, 64, 84, 92, 110, 130Taselasmodinae 84, 125Taxodonta 90, 101, 107, 108, 111Technophoridae 84Teleodesmacea 92, 94, 95, 97, 101, 102,
106, 110, 111Teleodonta 111Tellinidae 47, 84, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 100,
102, 104, 107, 110, 111, 112, 128, 130Tenuipeda 111Teredininae (on Teredina) 15, 84, 131Teredinidae (on Teredo) 15, 37, 84, 90, 91,
94, 98, 104, 106, 112, 131Terquemiidae 85, 121Terraiidae 85, 126Tesseratiinae 85, 121Tethyoceraminae 85, 118Tetrabranchia 90, 92, 98, 100, 111Thecaliinae 85, 126Thecodontinae 85, 129Thoraliidae 85, 114Thraciidae 39, 75, 85, 92, 101, 107, 133Thyasidae 85, 117Thyasiridae 85, 98, 125Tichogoniidae 85, 129Tindariidae 85, 115Tiostreidae 85, 119Tironuculidae 85, 114Tolmachoviidae 85Torreitinae 86, 127Tosapectinidae 7, 86, 121Toucasiidae 86, 127Trachycardiinae 86, 128Trapezicardiinae 86, 128Trapezidae 19, 50, 86, 104, 127Trechmannellidae 8, 18, 35, 86, 127Trichomyinae 86, 117Tridacnidae 86, 92, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 103,
106, 107, 111, 112, 128Triforipalla 112Trigoniidae 86, 92, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103,
104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, 122Trigonioididae 86, 112, 123Trigonodidae 87, 123Trigonopinae 87, 126Trimya 112Trinacriinae 87, 117Triodonten 112Tropiopoda 93, 112Tuarangiidae 87, 98, 112, 114Tubicol(id)ae 87, 91, 93, 95, 100, 112Tubipalla 112
Tulongocardiinae 87, 128Turkostreini 87, 119Turtoniidae 87, 130Tusayanidae 87, 102, 131
Ucumariidae 87, 132Umburridae 87, 116Undopectininae 87, 120Undulomyinae 87, 132Undulostreini 87, 119Ungulinidae 47, 58, 87, 94, 102, 103, 104,
130Unicardiidae 52, 87, 94, 125Unicardiopsidae 87, 130Uniconchae 112Unimusculosa 112Unionidae 50, 65, 83, 87, 92, 93, 99, 100,
102, 103, 104, 107, 110, 112, 123, 124Utschamiellidae 88, 123
Vacunellidae 88, 132Vasconellinae 88, 117Vasconiellidae 88, 129Vaugoniidae 88, 122Velesunioninae 88, 123Venericardiidae 29, 44, 88, 96, 103, 126Veneridae 29, 44, 58, 88, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97,
99, 100, 101, 104, 107, 110, 111, 112, 127,128, 130
Venerupis 51Veniellinae 88, 96, 127Veniliidae 88, 127Vepricardiini 88, 128Verticordiidae 88, 91, 94, 100, 108, 110, 112,
133Vesicomyidae 8, 88, 104, 129Veteranellinae 88, 115Vlastidae 88, 95, 119Volinae 89, 121Volviceraminae 89, 118Vulsellidae 65, 89, 102, 118
Wallowaconchidae 89, 126Wanwaniidae 89Weylinae 89, 121
Xenomytilinae 89, 117Xylophagidae 89, 98, 131
Yoldiellinae 89, 115Yoldiidae 89, 115
Zachsiinae 89, 131Zadimerodiidae 89, 125Zealedidae 89, 115Zenatiinae 90, 129Zirfaeinae 90, 131