._AD-A276 295NIIM I IIIIIII II 1 ;111 .. ..t I B Ill :The US Army's Center for Strategy and Force Evaluatoo'-••

STUDY REPORTCAA-SR-93-7

RENEWABLES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCYPLANNING STUDY

(REEP)

\AUGUST 1993 .- OTIGftf •:.i:r E lIt

PREPARED BYFORCE SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE

US ARMY CONCEPTS ANALYSIS AGENCY8120 WOODMONT AVENUE

BETHESDýA, MARYLAND 20814-2797

• 94-06095i III I IIIIl 1111!1 Il I IIlI I lII

DISCLAIMER

The findings of this report are not to be construed as anofficial Department of the Army position, policy, or decisionunless so designated by other official documentation.Comments or suggestions should be addressed to:

DirectorUS Army Concepts Analysis AgencyATTN: CSCA-FS8120 Woodmont AvenueBethesda, MD 20814-2797

r • m mm | I m • l I l I I I

CAA-SR-93-7

Form ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OPM No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructlion, searching

existing data sources gathering and maintaining the data needed, and reviewing the collection of information, Send comments regarding this burden estimate orany other aspect of this collection of Information. Including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for informationOperations and Reports, 1213 Jefferson Davis Highway. Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202.4302, and to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office ofManagement and Budget, Washington, DC 20503.

1, AGENCY USI ONLY (Leave Blank) 2, REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

I August 1993 Final, January 1992 - August 19934. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 3, FUNDING NUK'13ERS

Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning Study (REEP)

6. AUTHOR(S) DA 332062Mr. Steven B. Siegel, Dr. Robert Schwabauer, Mr. Mark Ciements,Ms. Vasilike Mantzouranis, Mr. Duane Gory

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADORESS(ES) 8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

US Army Concepts Analysis Agency REPORT NUMBER

8120 Woodmont AvenueBethesda, MD 20814-2797 CAA-SR-93-7

g, SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING

Assistant Chief of Engineers AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

Associate Chief of Engineers for Strategic Initiatives, U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers

II SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12bL DISTRIBUTION CODE

Unlimited

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The purpose of the REEP Study was to develop and apply an analytical methodology for evaluatingthe economic potential for investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy at Army facilities.The methodology provides a logical framework for integrating and analyzing US energy andenvironmental policy, Army energy and environmental goals, Army programming and budgeting,and public and private sector funding. The core of the REEP methodology is a multiobjectivemathematical programming model that can quickly generate and analyze optimal renewableenergy and energy efficiency investment strategies for Army facilities on an annual basis throughFY 2005. The model maximizes cost, energy, load, and pollutant savings for individual or combina-tions of renewable and conservation investments while explicitly considering budget constraints,energy and environmental goals, and economies of scale. REEP was sponsored by the US ArmyChief of Engineers.

14, SUBJECT TERMS IS, NUMBER OF PAGES

Renewable energy, energy efficiency, energy conservation opportunities 151(ECO) lB. PRICE CODE

17, SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 1J. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF AB•TRACT

OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT

UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UL

NSN 7540-01-280-S500Standard Form 298

STUDY REPORTCAA-SR-93-7

Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning Study(REEP)

August 1993

Prepared byForce Systems Directorate

Mr. Steven B. Siegel, Study Director

US Army Concepts Analysis Agency8120 Woodmont A-vnnue

Bethesda, Maryland, 2C"114-2797

CAA-SR-93-7

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYUS ARMY CONCEPTS ANALYSIS AGENCY

8120 WOODMONT AVENUEBETHESDA, MARYLAND 20814-2797

ATTr INTION OF:

CSCA-FSR 01 FEB 1994

MEMORANDUM FOR

Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation Management, Attn: D AIM-FDF,Washington, DC 20310-2600

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Office of Strategic Initiatives, Attn: CESI, 20Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20314-1000

SUBJECT: Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning Study (REEP)

1. Reference memorandum, CEHSC-FU-M, 1 June 1992, subject: Renewables andEnergy Efficiency Planning Study (REEP) - Study Directive.

2. Referenced memorandum requested that the U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency(CAA) develop and apply an analytical methodology for evaluating the economicpotential for investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy in Army facilities.

3. This final report documents the results of our analysis and incorporates yourcomments on the final draft report received 29 Decenmber 1993. The methodologyprovides a logical framework for integrating and analyzing U.S. energy andenvironmental policy, Army energy and environmental goals, Arm yrogramming andbudgeting, and public and private sector funding. The core of the REEP methodology isa multiobjective mathematical programming model that can quickly generate andanalyze optimal renewable energy and energy effiv.iency investment strategies forArmy facilities on an annual basis through FY 2005. The model maximizes cost,energy, load, and pollutant savings for individual or combinations rof renewable andconservation investments while explicitly considering budget constraints, energy andenvironm'ental goals, and economies of scale. The executive summary feund in thereport provides an overview of the entire study.

4. CAA expresses appreciation to all staff elements and agencies which havecontributed to this study. Questions and/or inquiries should be directed to theAssistant Director, Force Systems Directorate, U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency,8120 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814-2797, DSN 295-5289.

Aco.essionfor iTTS (',RA&X BV11bEU' ] DTIý' T"im E'IJ B, VAN, rIVERTII"

,. , ,,• Director

ist.

bl"at i .I i ii i

, .% RENEWABLE AND ENERGY STUDY8 C EFFICIENCY PLANNING (REEP) SUMMARY1% A STUDY CAA-SR-93-7

THE REASON FOR PERFORMING THIS STUDY was to develop and apply ananalytical methodology for evaluating the economic potential for investment in energyefficiency and renewable energy at Army facilities.

THE SPONSORS were the Assistant Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, and theAssociate Chief of Engineers for Strategic Initiatives, US Army Corps of Engineers.

THE OBJECTIVES were to:(1) Estimate the energy and cost savings that could result from economic investment in

energy efficiency and renewable energy in Army facilities at selected sites.(2) Estimate the costs associated with the economic investment in renewable energy and

efficiency in Army facilities.(3) Identify potential sources of funding for energy efficiency and renewable energy

investment in Army facilities.(4) Develop and evaluate investment strategy alternatives for undertaking economic

investment in Army facilities.THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY was:

(1) The timeframe of the analysis was fiscal year (FY) 1994 - FY 2005. Initially, theanalysis was to address the period FY 1993 - FY 2010. However, with the passage of theEnergy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT), emphasis shifted to an energy conservation opportunity(ECO) investment strategy for the period FY 1994 - FY 2005.

(2) The study considered 49 US Army facilities in the continental United States (CONUS)with annual utility bills greater than $5 million.

(3) The study considered renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies andmeasures that were in the research, development, demonstration, and commercialization phasesof the product life cycle.

(4) The study examined application of ECO retrofit measures only.(5) Both public and private sector funding sources were examined for ECO investment.

THE APPROACH used in the study was to first estimate the amount of commerciallyavailable energy efficiency and renewable energy investment for retrofit applications that wouldbe economically feasible at 49 major Army sites in CONUS. A multiobjective mathematicalprogramming model was then developed that quickly generates and analyzes optimal energyefficient and renewable energy investment strategy for Army facilities on an annual basisthrough FY 2005. The REEP methodology was demonstrated in support of the Army responseto key provisions of the recently enacted Energy Policy Act.THE PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS OF THIS STUDY werethat:

(1) The REEP methodology provides a logical approach for analyzing and integrating USenergy and environmental policy, Army energy and environmental goals, Army programmingand budgeting, and public and private sector funding. It provides Army energy decisionmakers

v

Preceding Page Blank

and policy analysts with a much needed capability to more accurately and responsively developand evaluate energy investment progrtams that are analytically defensible and credible. Themethodology is inherently flexible and transferable such that it can readily incorporate changesin data and analytic tools.,

(2) The economic potential for investment in 47 ECO at 49 major US Army facilities inCONUS is 16,823,804 millions of British thennal units (Mbtu) of annual energy reduction,724,128 kilowatts (kW) of demand reduction, $249,446,020 of annual cost savings, and2,415,337 short tons (STON) of annual pollution reduction. This potential must be captured asa requirement of EPACT which mandates all ECO with paybacks of 10 years or less beimplemented at Federal facilities by 2005. The 49 facilities consume about three-quarters of theenergy consumed at CONUS facilities or approximately one-half of facility energy usageArmywide. It is likely that much of this potential would be transferable to most of the othersites in the Army, since the ECO identified are commercially available and largely standard.

(3) The annual cost savings of $249,446,020 generated from implementing the 47 ECO atthe 49 sites provides direct economic benefits to both Army installations and the US Treasury.This occurs because Army policy requires one-third of the cost savings to be reinvested inadditional ECO, one-third to be invested in installation quality of life measures (which couldalso be additional ECO), and one-third to the US Treasury. This policy further supports theEPACT provision requiring reinvestment of ECO cost savings. Cost savings accrued fromthese ECO not only pay for themselves, bUt additionally serve as a source of revenue that couldbe used for other applications, such as reducing the Federal budget deficit. Utilities and theircustomers would also benefit in that the need for expensive new plant construction could bedeferred.

(4) Approximately 19 percent of the annual energy savings produced by the ECO isattributable to reduced oil consumption at Army facilities and servicing electric utilities. Thisdecrease in oil use equates to about 503,598 barrels per year. Currently, about 42 percent of oilproducts supplied in the US is imported. Applying this percentage to the oil savings calculatedfor the 47 ECO at the 49 CONUS sites, 211,511 less barrels of oil would need to be importedif all the ECO were implemented. Reducing oil imports directly contributes to a reduction in -heUS trade deficit. It also strengthens national security by reducing US dependence on potentiallyunstable foreign sources of energy. Decreasing US dependence on oil imports also contributesto reducing the US military's requirements for protecting the supply routes used to import oil.

(5) The reduction in annual pollutant emissions of 2,415,337 STON resulting from ECOimplementation provides significant environmental and health benefits to the populations of the49 facilities and nearby communities (including those near the servicing utilities). Pollutionabatement also generates considerable economic benefits, such as a decrease in costrequirements for cleaning up polluted air and water resources "after the fact." Other examplesof monetary benefits from pollution reduction include decreases in both health care costs andthe costs utilities incur in meeting environmental standards prescribed by law.

(6) The 47 ECO evaluated in this study constitute a sample of the technologies that couldsubstantially reduce Army energy consumption, save dollars, and reduce pollutant emissions.Other available opportunities include water conservation technologies, which are now regardedas energy conservation opportunities per direction from EPACT; new building construction inaddition to retrofit applications examined in this study; and increased investment in energyefficiency and renewables beyond the ECO identified in this study.

THE STUDY EFFORT was directed by Mr. Steven B. Siegel, Force Systems Directorate,US Army Concepts Analysis Agency (CAA).COMMENTS AND QUESTIONS should be sent to the Director, US Army ConceptsAnalysis Agency, ATTN: CSCA-FSR, 8120 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814-2797.

vi

CAA-SR-93-7

CONTENTS

CHAPTER Page

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................. 1-1

P urpo se ............................................................................. 1-1B ackground ........................................................................ 1-1S cope .................................................................... .......... 1-1O bjectives .......................................................................... 1-2M ethodology ....................................................................... 1-2Findings and Implications ........................................................ 1-4

2 REEP METHODOLOGY .................................................... 2-1

Introduction ........................................................................ 2-1Task 1 - Estimate Remaining Economic Potential ............................. 2-1Task 2 - Identify and Describe Sources of Finance ........................... 2-3Task 3 - Build and Test REEP Investment Model (RIM) .................... 2-3Task 4 - Develop and Evaluate Investment Strategy .......................... 2-4

3 ANALYSIS AND RESULTS .............................................. 3-1

Introduction ....................................................................... 3-1Estimate Remaining Economic Potential (Task 1) ............................. 3-1Identify and Describe Sources of Finance (Task 2) ........................... 3-8Build and Test the REEP Investment Model (Task 3) .................. 3-10Develop and Evaluate Investment Strategy (Task 4) ........................ 3-12Sum m ary .......................................................................... 3-20

APPENDIX

A Study Contributors ............................................................ A-1B Study Directive ................................................................ B-1CB l o .................. ....................................... C -ID Mathematical Description of the REEP Investment Model ................. D- 1E Spreadsheet Implementation of the REEP Investment Model .............. E- 1F Financial Alternatives ........................................................... F.IG Sponsor's Comments......................................... G-1H D istribution List ................................................................. H -1

GLOSSARY ............................................................................. Glossary-1

FIGURES

FIGURE

1-1 REEP Methodology ............................................................ 1-31-2 Major Benefits Derived from Using REEP Methodology .................... 1-4

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FIGURE Page

2-1 REEP Methodology ........................................ 2-12-2 B uilding C ategories .................................................................................. 2-2

3-1 R EE P Installations ..................................................................................... 3-13-2 R EE P E C O ................................................................................................ 3-23-3 Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP) ..................................... 3-93-4 REEP Investment Model Objective Functions ......................................... 3-103-5 Standard Data Inputs Used by the Model in Developing REEP

Investm ent Strategies ............................................................................ 3-1 13-6 Standard Data Output from REEP Investment Model .............................. 3-123-7 16 ECO Considered in Example Application ........................................... 3-143-8a Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO - No Rollover ..................................... 3-153-8b Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO (Expressed in 4 Categories)-No

R ollover .................................................................................................. 3 -153-9 Selected Output for 16 ECO with No Rollover (FY 1994-FY 2005) ........ 3-163-10a Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO-50 Percent Rollover (FY 1994-

F Y 2005) ............................................................................................... 3 -163-10b Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO (Expressed in 4 Categories) 50 Percent

R ollover (FY 94 - FY 05) ........................................................................ 3-173-11 ECO Considered in Base Case Application ......................... 3-183-12 Key Assumptions and Parameters for Base Case Application ................. 3-193-13 RIM C haracteristics ................................................................................. 3-19

E-I R IM A rchitecture ....................................................................................... E-3E-2 RIM Processing Step 1 - Develop ECO and Linking Spreadsheets ......... E-4E-3 RIM Processing Step 2 - Generate Input Files for the Optimizer .............. E-4E-4 RIM Processing Step 3 - OSL Processing and Extracting Results ............ E-5

F-I Servicing Utility Companies Included in DSM Survey F-7

TABLES

TABLE

2-1 REEP Investment Model Data Inputs and Outputs .................................... 2-4

3-1 Example Engineering Data Spreadsheet ..................................................... 3-33-2 REEP ECO Survey Results .................................... 3-73-3 Comparative Results for 16 ECO-No Rollover vs 50 Percent

Rollover (FY 1994-FY 2005) ................................................................ 3-173-4 Base Case Strategy - Results for Study Period vs System Life ................ 3-20

E-1 Core ECO Spreadsheet - Value View .................................................... E- IIE-2 Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View .............................................. E- 19E-3 Core Main (Linking) Spreadsheet - Value View ...................................... E-27E-4 Core Main (Linking) Spreadsheet - Formula View .............................. E-39E-5 Economies of Scale ECO Spreadsheet - Value View ............................ E-5 !E-6 Economies of Scale ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View ........................... E-58E-7 Economies of Scale Main (Linking) Spreadsheet - Value View ............... E-65E-8 Economies of Scale Main (Linking) Spreadsheet - Formula View ........... E-68

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TABLE Page

F-I Energy Savings Performance Contracts in the Army ................................ F-5F-2 Cash Rebates Offered by Niagra Mohawk for Installing High

E fficiency M otors ................................................................................. F- I IF-3 Cash Rebates Offered by Baltimore Gas & Electric for Installing

High Efficiency Motors F- I IF-4 Estimates of Cash Rebates Resulting from Utility Prescriptive

R ebate O ffers ....................................................................................... F- 13

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RENEWABLES AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLANNING (REEP) STUDY

CHAPTER I

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1-1. PURPOSE. The purpose of the Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning (REEP)Study was to develop and apply an analytical methodology for evaluating the economicpotential for investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy at Army facilities.

1-2. BACKGROUND

a. The Army requires a quick turnaround decision support capability that can evaluaterenewhble energy and energy efficiency investment issues. The requirement for thiscapability is based upon the increasingly complex nature of analyzing the potential forrenewable energy and eneigy efficiency in the Army when considering factors such as energysystem costs and performance, policy requirements, alternative sources of funding, budgetconstraints, the industrial base, envirotmental considerations, and institutionalcharacteristics. An analytical methodology that could logically incorporate these factors insupport of the energy investment decisionmaking process in the Army was developed andapplied in the study.

b. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-486) (EPACT) was enacted to increase theuse of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the industrial, commercial, residential, andFederal sectors of the economy. Key provisions in the Act require:

"* All energy efficiency and renewable energy measures in Federal facilities that havea payback of 10 years or less be implemented by 2005, and

"• The reduction in energy use per square foot by 20 percent during the period 1985-2000 (same as Executive Order 12759, 17 April 1991) for Federal buildings andfacilities.

Other EPACT provisions that affect renewable energy and energy efficiency investment inthe Army are the increasing use of energy performance contracts, participation in utilitydemand side management programs, and reducing pollutant emissions due to energyproduction. Subsequent to the enactment of EPACT (which occurred about midway throughthe study), evaluating the feasibility of using the REEP methodology to address theprovisions of EPACT became a high priority of the study.

c. Study Sponsors. The Assistant Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, and theAssociate Chief of Engineers for Strategic Initiatives, United States (US) Army Corps ofEngineers, are the study sponsors (REEP study directive included at Appendix B).

1-3. SCOPE. The fundamental scope of REEP is outlined below. More specific parametersand assumptions are identified in Chapter 3 with the various case analyses in which theyapply.

a. The timeframe of the analysis was fiscal year (FY) 1994-FY 2005. Initially. theanalysis was to address the period FY 1993-FY 2010. However, with the passage of EPACT,emphasis shifted to analyzing energy conservation opportunity (ECO) investment strategy forthe period FY 1994-FY 2005.

I-!

CAA-SR-93-7

b. The study considered 49 US Army facilities in the continental United States (CONUS)with annual utility bills greater than $5 million.

c. The study considered renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies andmeasures that were in the research, development, demonstration, and commercializationphases of the product life cycle.

d. The study examined application of ECO retrofit measures only.

e. Both public and private sector funding sources were examined for ECO investment.

1-4. OBJECTIVES

a. Estimate the energy and cost savings that could result from economic investment inenergy efficiency and renewable energy in Army facilities at selected sites.

b. Estimate the costs associated with the economic investment in renewable energy andefficiency in Army facilities.

c. Identify potential sources of funding for energy efficiency and renewable energyinvestment in Army facilities.

d. Develop and evaluate investment strategy alternatives for undertaking economic

investment in Army facilities.

1-5. METHODOLOGY

a. Overview. The methodology used to conduct the REEP Study is illustrated by Figure1-1. This methodology was designed for developing and evaluating optimal ECO investmentstr tegies in the Army. The methodology provides an integrated engineering, financial, andecunomic approach for addressing the major issues associated with the formulation andanalysis of these strategies. The ordering of the tasks indicates the general sequence of taskexecution. In some cases, tasks were performed simultaneously. For example, Task 1--whichinvolved the identification and evaluation of ECO--was conducted throughout the study.

b. Task 1--Estimate Remaining Economic Potential of ECO. This task first entailedestimating the amount of commercially available ECO investment for retrofit applicationsthat were technically feasible at 49 major Army sites in CONUS. The term "ECO" is definedin this study to include both energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies. Detailedsite-specific ECO characteristics such as investment costs, energy, demand and cost savings.and reductions in pollutant emissions were developed by the US Army ConstructionEngineering Research Laboratory (CERL) for all ECO. From these technically feasible ECO,economically feasible ECO were then specified using a 10--year simple payback (perEPACT). Other criteria (e.g., net present value) for determining economic feasibility couldbe used depending upon the context of the analysis. The total number of existingeconomically feasible ECO were adjusted using market penetration surveys of Army energyexperts to determine the amount of ECO investment already implemented. The cost, energy,and demand savings and pollutant reduction that would result from investing in ECO thathave not been impl"eented to date constituted the remaining economic potential.

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Task 2Identify

Public &Private

Td k I Tooask 4

Rtwaluid EvaluateEconoamic lovesunent wr no

Pofentisl Strmtedy c

TaskTak3

d. Task 3.-Buntid and Testribe a SRE uP es tment Modal(iM). This task ienvoeda

comiffrnatin poftenewabl audnd sucefonsrvaion investments, whie texplicitl condtosidertingewrthnuetofruaebudget constraints, energye and environesmenta golondeoome o cleRI developsd

in Taskne3t

e. Task .-Ideneilo and Tesvrale Investment S lateIgy. This task idenstraed anddeppied RiMnoiagvaridg et of poicy and progiamativ c isesr Tr h pgraingcip loues ta wCOfaeevalatweeeaied included:gvrmna rgasa elaspiaeisiuin uha

tte Watd should theriviestomeantitaegyTbe forinia saplroe of 16i ECsk wsptietifie atheSdelrmsa rm fciitiens inst, eChnUg am aoxiar savings and requireducain bre implmuengthecominatis pomplentealy b ny F ourc 2o005? investment. whe ermsianl considengbudgere tn Csens thnate madxiies constr aings and can be imestmented comletdel beop

e. Task issuerd ands a b Ecase, Investment c Siderated . This task umb onsomied o nofeasibe Euidentifaed inthes RE Sti y a nd prio e linc acourdane winth iCeT nthd A er

"a " Whatyz shoutmld thenwbeeegadeeryecny investment strategybfoasmpef16EOpciied at USArmy facilities in n annual tai i~,hat maximizeshost savnywsre and ca whmpeented

en y pl eteed incy.ded

"1What should the investment strategy be for 47 ECO specified at US Army facilitiesin CONUS that maximizes cost savings and can be implemented completely by FY2005?

The last issue served as a "base case," s.nce it considered the total number of economicallyfeasible ECO identified in the REEP Study and is in accordance with EPACT and Armyenergy policy.

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1-6. FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS. The benefits to be derived in using the REEPmethodology for energy policy management and planning are illustrated in Figure 1-2. Themethodology utilizes an operations research/systems analysis approach for evaluating andimplementing National, DOD and Army energy policy. It does this through an optimizationprocess, producing energy conservation and renewable energy investment strategies thatyield the most "benefit" possible (such as improving the environment) given a set of resourceconstraints and policy goals and requirements. This section discusses and highlights sixmajor findings and implications resulting from the development and application of the REEPmethodology in this study.

iL

Pol~

Save S~Energy

Reduce Balanq InvestmentOf Trade Deficit Strategies~ReduceT

NationalDeit

Security Improve Promote

Environment Hat

Figure 1-2. Major Benefits Derived from Using REEP Methodology

a. The REEP methodology provides a logical approach for analyzing and integrating USenergy and environmental policy, Army energy and environmental goals, Armyprogramming and budgeting, and public and private sector funding. It provides Army energydecisionmakers and policy analysts with a much needed capability to more accurately andresponsively develop and evluate energy investment programs that are analyticallydefensible and credible. The methodology is inherendy flexible and transferable such that itcan readily incorporate changes in policy, data, and analytic tools.

b. The economic potential for investment in 47 ECO at 49 major US Army facilities inCONUS is 16,823,804 mill.,, s of British thermal units (Mbtu) of annual energy reduction,724,128 kilowatts (kW) of de, land reduction, $249,446,020 of annual cost savings, and2,415,337 short tons (STON) of annual pollution reduction. This potential must be capturedas a requirement of EPACT which mandates all ECO with paybacks of 10 years or less beimplemented at Federal facilities by 2005. The 49 facilities consume about three-quarters of

1-4

CAA.SR-93-7

the energy consumed at CONUS facilities, or approximately one-half of facility energyusage Armywide. It is likely that much of this pctcntial would be transferable to most of theother sites in the Army, since the ECO identified are commercially available and largelystandard.

c. The annual cost savings of $249,446,020 generated from implementing the 47 ECO atthe 49 sites provides direct economic benefits to both Army installations and the USTreasury. This occurs because Army policy requires one-third of the cost savings to bereinvested in additional ECO, one-third to be invested in installation quality of life measures(which could also be additional ECO), and one-third to the US Treasury. This policy furthersupports the EPACT provision requiring reinvestment of ECO cost savings, Cost savingsaccrued from these ECO not only pay for themselves, but additionally serve as a source ofrevenue that could be used for other applications, such as reducing the Federal budget deficit.Utilities and their customers would also benefit in that the need for expensive new plantcons~ruction could be deferred.

d. Approximately 19 percent of the annual energy savings produced by the ECO isattributable to reduced oil consumption at Army facilities and servicing electric utilities. Thisdecrease in oil use equates to about 503,598 barrels per year. Currently, about 42 percent ofoil products supplied in the US is imported.* Applying this percentage to the oil savingscalculated for the 47 ECO at the 49 CONUS sites, 211,511 less barrels of oil would need tobe imported if all the ECO were implemented. Reducing oil imports directly contributes to areduction in the US trade deficit. It also strengthens national security by reducing USdependence on potentially unstable foreign sources of energy. Decreasing US dependence onoil imports also contributes to reducing the US military's requirements for protecting thesupply routes used to import oil.

e. The reduction in annual pollutant emissions of 2,415,337 STON resulting from ECOimplementation provides significant environmental and health benefits to the populations ofthe 49 facilities and nearby communities (including those near the servicing utilities).Pollution abatement also generates considerable economic benefits, such as a decrease in costrequirements for cleaning up polluted air and water resources "after the fact." Other examplesof monetary benefits from pollution reduction include decreases in both health care costs andthe costs utilities incur in meeting environmental standards prescribed by law.

f. The 47 ECO evaluated in this study constitute a sample of the technologies that couldsubstantially reduce Army energy consumption, save dollars, and reduce pollutant emissions.Other available opportunities include water conservation technologies, which are nowregarded as energy conservation opportunities per direction from EPACT; new buildingconstruction in addition to retrofit applications examined in this study; and increasedinvestment in energy efficiency and renewables beyond the ECO identified in this study.These additional ECO should be analyzed and adopted in the Army as appropriate.

* First quarter, 1993. Source: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, June 1993. Table

1.8.

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CHAPTER 2

REEP METHODOLOGY

2-1. INTRODUCTION

a, A primary objective of this study was to develop and demonstrate a methodology to usein formulating and evaluating ECO investment strategies in the Army. An integratedengineering, financial, and economic approach was developed to address major issues involvedin developing and assessing these strategies. The four tasks that compose the methodology areillustrated in Figure 2-1. Since a large portion of these tasks involved progressive work, it wasnecessary to continuously examine each task thoroughly to gauge impacts upon othercomponents of the study. Task I established the opportunities for investment in energyefficiency and renewables at major energy consuming Army facilities in CONUS. Potentialfunding sources for these opportunities were identified and described in Task 2. Task 3involved designing, developing, and testing a model that determined the optimum methods (andeconomic impacts) for investing in these opportunities over time. In Task 4, the methodologywas applied to address selected energy related issues that arose during the course of the study.

Task 2

I BTls k 4 IP41441WSaarast I : ý

Figure 2-1. REEP Methodology

b. The four tasks in the methodology were essentially performed in the sequence orderdepicted in Figure 2-1. However, there was a "moving train" aspect to each task, such that manyof the individual task efforts were conducted concurrently. That is, as more extensive andrefined data or methodological improvements were identified, they were incorporated into themethodology and applied during subsequent analysis. This was especially the case for Task 1,in which ECO were continuously identified, developed, and evaluated throughout the study.This chapter discusses the individual tasks accomplished in developing the methodology usedto perform the REEP Study.

2-2. TASK 1 - ESTIMATE REMAINING ECONOMIC POTENTIAL

a. General. Task 1 was organized into three subtasks--identify economically feasible ECO,estimate ECO energy, demand, cost savings, and pollution reduction by building category, andestimate ECO market captured to date. The engineering analysis conducted in the first twosubtasks was conducted by CERL engineers.

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b. Identify Economically Feasible ECO. Economically feasible ECO were identifiedusing three principal selection criteria. First, an ECO had to be commercially available. Thisincluded "off the shelf" ECO technologies that were already available in the marketplace orwhich, if purchased in large enough quantities, would become available in the marketpiace. Thesecond selection criterion was the ability for broad application. ECO examined in the REEPStudy were to be installed in Army facilities across CONUS. Thus, the study team wanted tocompile a list of ECO whose technology was easily adaptable to and replicable in a variety ofinstallations. This broad applicability of ECO technology would help the REEP Study accountfor as much economic potential as possible. The third criterion was established, given thepassage of EPACT, which requires Army investment in all ECO with paybacks of 10 years orless by the year 2005. As a result of this requirement, the REEP Study focused on identifyingand evaluating ECO with paybacks of 10 years or less. By the end of this study, CERL andCAA had identified 47 ECO that met all three criteria.

c. Estimate ECO Energy, Demand, and Cost Savings by Building Category. Inmaking energy, demand, and cost saving estimates, CERL considered the types of buildingsexisting on Army facilities. This was necessary for two reasons. First, not all ECO can beapplied to all types of buildings. While it is practical to install occupancy sensors inadministration buildings, it may not be in barracks. Secondly, different building types can havelarge variations in the type and level of energy consumption. Other factors which had to beconsidered by CERL in making their estimates included the number of buildings at aninstallation, building size, and building function. Ten building categories* were used to classifystandard functions of buildings found across Army facilities. These categories are listed inFigure 2-2. This allowed the engineering data to be specified in terms of ECO type andbuilding category (e.g., energy efficient lighting in family housing would be evaluated as adistinct opportunity). Using this approach, much of the data (e.g., technical performance)developed for an ECO in a particular building category could be applied to different facilitiesthat included the building category specified.

Training AdministrationMaintenance and production Unaccompanied personnel housingResearch, development, and testing CommunityStorage Family housingHospital and medical Other

Figure 2-2. Building Categories

d. Estimate ECO Market Captured to Date. To estimate the remaining economicpotential of the ECO identified, it was first necessary to determine the amount of ECOinvestment implemented to date. Given the difficulty of obtaining historical market share data,CAA in conjunction with the sponsors and CERL, believed that the most knowledgeable sourceof information concerning present ECO market penetration would be Army engineers,logisticians, facility managers, and other experts who had approximately 30 years of experiencein the field. A survey questionnaire was administered to these experts requesting data on thecurrent penetration of each ECO at US Army facilities in CONUS. The results of this surveyare presented in Chapter 3. Survey estimates were utilized to establish the remaining economicpotential of the ECO.

* The 10 building categories were derived from AR 415-28, Department of the Army Facility

Classes and Construction Categories (Category Codes), November 1981.

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2-3. TASK 2 - IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE SOURCES OF FINANCE

a. This task identified and described potential funding sources for investment in ArmyECO. The principal reason for performing this task was to deteimine the basic terms andconditions for accessing these financial sources and to assess potential fund availability fordeveloping budget parameters and model constraints. The intent was to allow the model to selectthe budget source that would best suit investment in certain types and quantities of ECO. Anexample would be for the model to utilize a well-endowed finance source for ECO requiring alarge investment. This task was also important in gaining a fundamental understanding of thefinance sources.

b. Sources of potential ECO finance that were examined included governmental programs,as well as private institutions, such as utilities and energy service companies. As a result, a widevariety of data sources was identified including Army agencies, Office of the Secretary ofDefense (OSD), Department of Energy (DOE), nonprofit organizations, and utilities. A myriadof regulations, directives, reports, letters, and legislation were reviewed as part of this research.An additional objective of Task 2 was to gain an appreciation of the Army's experience in usingthe different finance sources to help identify their relative strengths and weaknesses. Because ofthe amount of information collected in this task, the results are presented in Appendix F, with anoverview presented in Chapter 3.

2-4. TASK 3 - BUILD AND TEST REEP INVESTMENT MODEL (RIM)

a. This task constituted the core of the REEP methodology--the development of RIM. RIMis a multiobjective mathematical programming model that can generate and analyze optimalrenewable energy and energy efficiency investment strategies at US Army facilities on anannual basis (i.e., what to buy, how many, where, and when). The model maximizes cost, energy,and demand savings and pollutant reduction that result from ECO investment.

b. Cost savings refers to the dollars saved by ECO implementation. Dollar savings occurbecause ECO decrease energy consumption (and sometimes electricity demand requirements),resulting in less dollar expenditures for energy. Energy savings are the amount of decreasedenergy consumption obtained through ECO implementation and are measured in Mbtu.Electrical demand refers to the amount of power required for an electrical device to operate andis measured in terms of kW. Pollutant reduction refers to the decrease in atmospheric pollutantemissions achieved by ECO implementation. This reduction occurs because decreased energyconsumption causes utilities to burn less fuel (especially fossil fuels) to produce less energy.Pollutant reductions are measured in terms of STON.

c. The budget constraint is established by the amount of funds available for ECO investmentin a given fiscal year. More. than one budget constraint can be considered in cases when morethan one source of available funds can be articulated. In general, budget constraints are set byArmy programming policy and Congressional appropriation. ECO investment cannot exceedavailable funds (as established by the budget constraint) in any fiscal year. The budgetconstraint variable is determined outside RIM. Quantifiable energy and environmental goals arealso regarded as constraints in the model, if they are requirements that must be achieved. Anexample of a quantifiable energy goal would be the requirement established in Executive Order12759 that energy consumption at Federal facilities must decrease by 20 percent between FY1985 and FY 2000.

d. During the initial phase of the study, the types of data output required from RIM weredeveloped. This initial list of generalized data outputs served as a point of departure in thedevelopment of a list of generalized data inputs for the model (see Table 2-1 ). As the logic ofRIM developed, the specific data inputs required to run the model were also identified. Once the

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data input requirements were specified, likely sources of these data were identified, Task:-, I and2 involved the collection and development of the data necessary for RIM. Chapter 3 addres•:esthe actual data used (and their sources) to run the model and the resulting data outputs.

Table 2-1. RIM Data Inputs and OutputsInputs ... .. . Outputsa

Budigets ... Investment strategy decisionsFuel prices (quantity, type, time, and place)Rollover rates Investment strategy costsRebates Annual and total cost savings (in dollars)Investment criteria Annual and total energy savings (in Mbtus)Economies of scale Annual and total demand savings (kilowatts)ECO penetration

Annual and total pollutant reduction(in short tons)

"aOutputs can be presented in terms of CONUS. major Army command (MACOM). state/region, or building category,

2-5. TASK 4 - DEVELOP AND EVALUATE INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Thepurpose of this task was to apply the REEP methodology to develop and evaluate ECOinvestment strategies for Army facilities in CONUS. By formulating a strategy, the capabilitiesof RIM for use in making ECO investment decisions would be demonstrated. A base casescenario was developed that incorporated Army policy and Federal mandates. For example, akey component of Army policy included in the base case is its allowance of one-third of thecost savings accrued through prior ECO investment to be used for purchasing additional ECOsin the following years. Federal mandates emanated from EPACT. A key provision of this actwas that all ECO with paybacks of 10 years or less must be implemented at Federal agencies by2005. To further display the capabilities of RIM, alternative scenarios which addressedimportant aspects of energy and environmental issues were derived. These scenarios includedvariations in the number of ECO considered, differing rollover rates, and the grouping of sitesfor a given region. Several of these scenarios were developed for the Renewabl,, and EnergyEfficiency Sustainable Investment (REESIN) Quick Reaction Analysis (QRP and aredocumented in a separate report.

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CHAPTER 3

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

34-. INTRODUCTION. Chapter 3 presents the results of executing the REEP methodology(see Figure 2-1) during the course of the study period. The utility of the methodology ishighlighted by its flexibility, in that it can readily incorporate changes and improvements indata and analytical tools. Therefore, to sustain the integrity of REEP analysis in the future, thedata bases and models that currently support the methodology should be updated and refinedas required. This chapter first provides an overview of Tasks 1,2, and 3; and then describestwo applications of Task 4. Detailed documentation of the engineering analysis portion of TaskI is provided in a separate report prepared by CERL. The outcome of Task 2 is more fullydiscussed in Appendix F. The technical and operational characteristics of RIM (Task 3) aredescribed in Appendices D and E.

3-2. ESTIMATE REMAINING ECONOMIC POTENTIAL (TASK 1). The objective ofTask I was to identify economically feasible ECO among major US Army facilities inCONUS and estimate the energy, demand, and cost savings and pollutant reduction that wouldresult from implementation of the identified ECO. This task was organized into three subtasks:identify economically feasible ECO; estimate ECO energy, demand, and cost savings bybuilding category; and estimate ECO market captured to date. The energy, demand, and costsavings and pollutant reduction associated with economically feasible ECO constitute theeconomic potential of the devices.

a. Identify Economically Feasible ECO. Not all of the renewable energy and energyconservation investment that is technically feasible is economic. For the purpose of thisstudy, an ECO was considered economically feasible if its calculated simple payback was 10years or less. This investment criterion was based on the provision established by EPACTrequiring all ECO identified in the Federal government with paybacks of 10 years or less beacquired by 2005. An initial list of ECO was jointly developed by CAA and CERL analysts.This list was further evaluated by CERL engineers to develop a list of 47 ECO that wouldpay back in 10 years or less at a major energy-consuming CONUS site. A facility wasconsidered a major energy consumer if its annual utility bill was greater than $5 million. InCONUS, 50 US Army sites met this criterion. The Presidio at San Francisco was notconsidered in this study given the Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) Commissiondecision of 1991 to close this facility-leaving 49 sites (see Figure 3-1). Other ECO withpaybacks greater than 10 years were identified by CERL, but were not considered in thisstudy. The 47 ECO developed and evaluated for this study are shown in Figure 3-2.

FtBrgj Ft McPherson Ft Godn Cms rý" Detroit Ars-FFt Meade tPB Ft Monmouth

__t__Canon__ Ft Ord Ft JakonM Redstone ArsFt Devens Ft Pol Ft Knox Re RierDt bedenPFt Drum Ft Riley Ft Leavenworth RcIsand Ar Pica#nnXA;;-Ft Hood Ft Stewart Ft Ue Tol p WhtSands

Ft Sam Houston t ein Ft WatervieliAiS Ft DetricFrt Irwin, FtiBliss Ft Sill Rolston AAF- WM

Ft Lewis Ft Dix FLenrW LaeCityAA Ft BelvoirFt____R______ Ft Eustis Anniston Dp RdordA I

Figure 3-1. REEP Installations

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rnvelopeLightin~

2x4 florescent lighting retrotilt Radiant barriersComnpact fluorescent retrotit Hihrfetance rootf surfaceExit lighting retrofit Window filmsOcuPancy sensors Solar shadinu deviceRplace mercury vapor with high pressure sodium Family housing blown-in insulation

lamps ________________________

Efficient street lightingt 6,5 inche~s of additional ceilingt insulationConstant level lighting ________________________

Electrical WaterSmall ventilation motor retrofit Water heater insulation blanketMedium size ventilation motor retrofit Showerhead flow restrictorsLarge size ventilation motor retrofit F-a-uce"t flow restrictorsSmall ventilation motor retrofit withadjustable speed drive Desuperheaters-Medium ventilation motor retrofit withadjustable speed drive Hot water heat pumpLarge ventilation motor retrofit withadjustable speed drive Instantaneous hot water heaters

Heating/cooling Utili 1tiesPulse combustion/modular boiler -He-ating -distribution repairSingtle loop digital control panels Manhl sump pump repairVentilation heat recovery Cool storage

Seal duct leaks Energy ma nagement control systemHigh efficiency gas furnaces for tamilyhousingtGasiengine driven heat pumps orrfam Iy housing RenewablesNominal efficiency fumrnaes for family housing Solar wate h-eating for family housing,Flue dampers/electronic ignition Wind energyHigh (SEER) air conditioning units Mi4croclimate miodifications

Solar powered street lightsMiscellaneous SoarwFl

Refrigerator replacements for t'arily Solar water heating for barrackshouig__________________________

.usinstFigure 3-2. IEEP ECO5

b. Estimate ECO Energy, Demand, and Cost Savings by Building Category. Theengineering dat~a developed by CERL was provided in EXCEL spreadsheets to facilitateinput into RIM. An example of this type of spreadsheet format is shown in Table 3-1. Keydata used from these spreadsheets for the model include: the ECO's energy, demand, and costsavings; the ECO's impact on pollutant emissions; the initial and recurring costs associatedwith the ECO; and the number of years for an ECO payback. Note that the types of buildingsin which the ECO would apply are specified at the bottom of the spreadsheet (see line 70 inTable 3- 1). That is, each ECO was specified not only in terms or technology and site, but theapplicable type(s) of building categories as well. As a result, a total of 6,936,218 items,68,774,907 square feet, and 127,056 ton-hours of ECO were identified by particular end use.Other factors that were considered in the evaluation of the ECO included technicalperformance, climate, utility rates, and primary fuel source. The approach used to develop theECO data can address changes in a variety of conditions, such s~ increases in fuel prices andpersonnel realignments caused by BRAC. The versatility of this ;- proach is founded on thecategorization of ECO by functional end use, and more specifically, the 10 buildingcategories listed in Figure 2-2. This enabled many of the performance and operationalaspects of ECO to be quickly modeled among similar building types at different sites.

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c. Estimate ECO Market Captured to Date. A required data input to RIM is theremaining ECO economic potential. While the installation of some REEP ECO would be forthe first time, others have been previously installed on a limited scale. To more accuratelyestimate the remaining economic potential of REEP ECO, an accounting of prior ECOinvestment was necessary.

(1) An accounting of prior ECO investment was accomplished through a surveyquestionnaire completed by individuals from the Army energy community. Surveys weredistributed on two separate occasions, the first being at the US Army Corps of EngineersNational Energy Team (CENET) meeting in November, 1992. Respondents were given a listof REEP ECO and asked to estimate the percent of the economic potential already capturedfor each ECO. Survey takers were told to consider domestic Army facilities only, andprovide a low and high estimate for each ECO. High and low estimates were requested so aresponse range could be established. The REEP study team collated the survey results andproduced a median high and low statistic for each ECO. The study team decided to use themedian because of some outliers in the survey results. Using the mode would have beeninappropriate due to some response distributions that were bimodal.

(2) Results from the first survey were incorporated into the second. The second surveywas distributed at the CENET meeting held in April 1993. This second survey was identicalto the first, in that it requested low and high estimates of ECO economic potential alreadycaptured for the REEP ECO. The second survey differed from the first in that it listed the lowand high median statistics that resulted from the first survey. Survey takers were instructed toexamine the results from the first survey on a ECO by ECO basis. If they agreed with theresults for a given ECO, then no alterations would be made to the survey form. If respondentsdisagreed with the outcome of the first survey for a given ECO, then they were to edit theinitial results accordingly.

(3) The results of the survey were ollated by the REEP study team, and median lowand high statistics were calculated on a ECO basis. To serve as the estimator for capturedECO economic potential, the REEP study team decided to use the high median statistics.This was done to produce conservative estimates, that is estimates on the high end of ECOeconomic potential already captured. The data variable that is ultimately fed into RIM is theremaining economic potential of an ECO. This is calculated by subtracting the captured ECOeconomic potential (in percent) from 100. By using the high median estimate, the remainingeconomic potential will be lower (as opposed to using the low median estimate). Thus, RIMwill produce energy, cost, demand, and pollutant reduction savings estimates on the low end,establishing a lower bound for potential savings.

(4) Survey results are presented in Table 3-2. The REEP ECO are grouped intocategory types. To the right of each ECO is the estimated remaining: economic potential, it,percent. The degree of remaining economic potential varied considerably depending upon theECO. For example, the ECO with the lowest estimated remaining potential was additiunalceiling insilation, at 27.5 percent. Direct-fired gas fired chillers (greater than 100 tons) wasthe ECO with the highest estimated remaining potential, at a full 100 percent. It should benoted that there were six ECO that had no survey estimates. This occurred because theseECO were introduced into the REEP ECO study set after the surveys were completed. Forthese six ECO, a default value of 70 percent was substituted for remaining economicpotential. 71,e default values are denoted with an asterisk in Table 3-2.

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Table 3-2. REEP ECO Survey ResultsRemainingRe-maining

economic economicECO potentilai% ECO potential (%)

Lighting Water2x4 Fluorescent lighting retrofit 85 Water heater insulation blanket 47.5

Compact fluorescent retrofit 85 Showerhead flow restrictors 5Exit lighting retrofit 82.5 Faucet flow restrictors 5Occupancy sensors 95 Desuperheaters 9Replace mercury vapor with

high pressure sodium lamps 67.5 lHot water heat pump '0

Efficient street lighting 77. Ilnstantaneous hot water heaters7a

Constant level lighting7a

ElectricalMiclaeuHigh efficiency ventilation motors Refrigerator replacements for

(small, medium, and large) 80 family housing 8Variable speed drives

(small, medium, and large)85ic

Heating and cooling ewa sPulse combustion/modular boiler 85 Wind energy70Single loop digital control panels 85 Microclimate modifications 9Ventilation heat recovery 90 Solar powered street lights 9Programmable thermostats for Solar water heating for family

family housing 77.5 housing 9Seal duct leaks 723 Solar water heating for bar-racks 90High efficiency gas furnaces for

family housing85 Slra 95Gias engine dEven heat pump for

family housing 6N~ominal efficiency furnaces for

family housing 6Flue dampers/electronic ignition 7High SEER air conditioning units 6

Envelope UtliieRadiant barriers 708' Pealing distribution repair 1nHigh reflectance roof surface ¶ Manhole sump pump repair 5-Window films 82,T EMCS TrSolar shading devices 7a Cool storage 9Family housing Blown-in insulation 45 Direct-fired gas fired chillers

635 inches of additional ceiling greater than 1(N) tons I (R)insulation 27.5

"aDernotes no survey estimate wa~s avail.able, so defasult value of 70 percent was utilized.

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(5) Table 3-2 verifies that all of the REEP ECO are commercially available. This isshown by the remaining economic potential percentages, where all ECO except direct-firedgas fired chillers have hed some prior investment and installation. This notion of partial ECOpenetration runs counter to the prevailing belief in some segments of the Army community.Some believe that most ECO opportunities throughout the Army have already beenthoroughly exploited. Table 3-2 shows that based on survey estimates, the majority of ECOhave remaining economic potential percentages in the 70-98 percent range.

(6) The category type ranking highest with respect to remaining economic potentialwere the renewable ECO. All renewable ECO, except for wind energy, had remainingeconomic potcatial estimates in the 90 percent or greater range. It can be speculated that windenergy would also have had a high estimate, but it was one of the ECO not included in thesurvey. Closer scrutiny of survey taker responses shows that the variation of estimates forrenewable ECO was very tight. The difference between the lowest and highest remainingeconomic potential estimate for all renewable ECO did not exceed 10 percentage points. Thisimplies a high level of confidence in the renewable ECO estimates, since the responses of theArmy energy experts tended to converge.

(7) Three ECO had exceptionally low variation in their lienetration estimates. Theywere desuperheaters (water ECO), microclimate modifications (renewable ECO), andoccupancy sensors (lighting ECO). The difference between the lowest and highest remainingeconomic potential estimate for any of these three were less than or equal to 4 percentagepoints. This suggests a high degree of convergence amongst the survey takers.

(8) Four of the ECO had extremely high variation in their penetration estimates. Theywere flue dampers/electronic ignition (heating and cooling ECO), heating distribution repair(utility ECO), nominal efficiency furnaces for family housing (heating and cooling ECO),and programmable thermostats for family housing (heating and cooling ECO). The differencebetween the lowest and highest penetration estimate was 90 percentage points or higher. Thissuggests no convergence among the survey takers for these ECO.

3-3. IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE SOURCES OF FINANCE (TASK 2). This taskidentified and described Department of Defense (DOD) programs and types of non-DODinstitutions that could finance ECO investment in the Army. Each of these funding sources isdescribed further in Appendix F. An example of a description of a funding source, EnergyConservation Investment Program (ECIP), is depicted in Figure 3-3. These descriptions werebased upon information obtained during the course of this study. However, the terms andconditions of these funding sources may change in the future.

a. As indicated in Chapter 2, one of the principal objectives of this task was to estimatethe annual budgets (by either program or appropriation) that would be available for ECOacquisition. Since this information was not available during the study, total annual budgetsfor all the ECO were developed based on policy established in EPACT and its 10 yearpayback 2005 procurement requirement. The method used to estimate the annual budgetsrequired to meet this requirement for the ECO identified at the 49 sites was annualizedbetween FY 1994 and FY 2005. Thus, the budgets calculated using this approach increasedduring the study period as more ECO were identified. The results of these calculations areaddressed in Paragraph 3-5.

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Description ConditionsMilitary construction funded program used Projects greater than or equal toto improve the energy efficiency of existing $300,000Defense Department facilities while reducingthe associated utility energy and nonenergy Savings to investment ratio greaterrelated costs. Reduces energy use through than 1.25

construction of new, high efficiency energysystems, buildings or facilities for which a - Payback less than 10 yearsdefense component pays for the facilitiesenergy. - Military Construction, Army. dollars

- Energy monitoring and control systems/heating, ventilation, air conditioning - Energy retrofit projects only(HVAC) controls

- Steam/condensate systems- Boiler plan modifications- HVAC- Weatherization

- Lighting systems- Energy recovery system- Electrical energy systems* Renewable energy systems

I Facility energy improvements .... ......Figure 3-3. Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP)

b. Two sources of funds outside the government that could help support investment inArmy ECO are demand side management (DSM) programs and energy savings performancecontracts. Utility DSM programs offer a range of incentives (including cash rebates) forcustomers to invest in energy efficiency and conservation measures. Energy savingsperformance contracts are arrangements between the government and a contractor wherebythe contractor provides resources for implementing energy cost savings measures and in turnreceives a portion of the actual energy cost savings that accrue to the government. TheEnergy Efficiency Resource Directory: A Guide to Utility Programs provides a review ofDSM programs offered by utilities in, the US. Information about ECO rebates (one of theprincipal DSM methods) in this repo.t were of particular interest since they can be quantifiedand thus can be considered in the development and evaluation of ECO investment strategies.For example, if a utility is offering energy efficient lighting rebates, then customers whopurchase these items receive a check or a credit on their utility bill for an amount prescribedby the program. Utilities offering ECO rebates in service areas that included the 49 US Armysites were contacted to collect information and gain insights about their rebate programs.ECO rebates from utilities are clearly a promising source of finaucial support and should beused whenever possible. The scope and characteristics of utility rebate programs (available asof when the utilities were contacted) that could financially benefit ECO investment in theArmy are presented in Appendix F. The data provided on these programs are subject tochange at the discretion of the utility.

c. EPACT encourages Federal agencies to use energy savings performance contracts(formerly referred to as shared energy savings) as a source of ECO finance. Several Armyinstallations involved with shared energy savings contracts were identified and asked abouttheir experiences. This research produced considerable information regarding the positiveaspects of using shared energy saving to finance ECO investment. However, many moreproblems were raised. The key strengths and weaknesses of shared energy savings for ECOinvestment that were identified by the installations are discussed in Appendix F. For

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example, the most common problem identified was that it took too long (up to 2 years) tonegotiate and implement shared energy savings contracts. These types of obstacles areapparently common across most Federal agencies, and as a result, the Department of Energy(DOE) is standardizing and streamlining the process of facilitating energy performancecontracting in the Federal government. Although there is significant potential for usingenergy savings performance contracts in the Army, many of the obstacles raised by theinstallations need to be overcome.

3.4. BUILD AND TEST THE REEP INVESTMENT MODEL (RIM) (TASK 3)

a. This task involved designing, building, and testing a multiobjective linearprogramming model--RIM. The model maximizes cost, energy, and load savings andpollutant reduction for individual or combinations of renewable and conservationinvestments, while explicitly considering budget constraints, energy and environmentalgoals, and economies of scale.

b. RIM develops and analyzes optimal renewable energy and energy efficiencyinvestment strategies at US Army facilities on an annual basis (i.e., what to buy, how many,where, and when). RIM incorporates a multiobjective linear programming approach in orderto quickly assimilate, analyze, and summarize the large volume of data needed for evaluatinga range of energy efficiency measures among many geographically and institutionallydisparate Army sites and facilities. The RIM mathematical programming approach used toevaluate the impacts of a large number of decision variables was ideally suited for producingthe detailed results needed to formulate investment strategies. RIM was structured todetermine the optimum ECO and site-specific investment strategy for maximizing any one orcombination of the four possible alternative objective functions listed in Figure 3-4.

SModel objective functions: * Maximize energy savings

• Maximize demand savings"" Maximize cost savings

. ... Maximize pollutant reductions

Figure 3-4. RIM Objective Functions

c. The four objective functions defined for application in RIM expressed key energy andenvironmental goals established by Army policy. RIM is capable of applying objectivefunctions singularly or in combinations during processing. Depending upon policy anddecisionmaking needs, a single or weighted grouping of objective functions is applied togovern development of investment strategies for maximizing the designated objectivefunctions. While optimizing the selected objective functions, RIM calculates the impacts foreach of the four objective functions (those selected for optimization and those not selected).RIM output specified the ECO/site-specific economic and environmental impacts ofimplementing ECO measures and the total impacts for implementing all measures across allsites. The results of the two applications presented in this chapter are based solely onmaximize cost savings runs.

d. When two or more objectives are considered in a study, they can be appliedsequentially or weighted in a multiple objective function.

(1) Applying two objectives sequentially involves two optimization runs. In the firstrun, the objective chosen as primary is optimized. Then a constraint is added to the modelthat maintains the primary objective value achieved in the first run. The secondary objective

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is optimized in a run which must satisfy this constraint. In the case of more than twoobjectives this process can be continued where each run must maintain the objective valuesachieved in the previous runs.

(2) Using a multiple objective function involves just one optimization run regardless ofthe number of component objectives involved. Each component objective is multiplied by aconstant (weighted), then the sum is formed of the modified components to obtain themultiple objective function. This sum being a linear combination of linear objectives is, ofcourse, itself linear.

(3) In general, it is not a routine process to determine whether and how to usesequential or weighted objectives. The resolution of these issues depends on context and onperceptions of the problems. It may involve substantial discussions between decisionmakersand analysts.

(4) The REESIN QRA Report discusses optimizations where both the cost savings andthe pollutant reduction objectives were applied in a multiple objective function. Thecomponent objective functions used--Maximize Cost Savings and Maximize PollutantReduction--were weighted equally. More specifically, in the optimization process saving$1,000 is considered (for analysis purposes) as important as emitting one less short ton(STON) of pollutant. Single objective cost savings and single objective pollutant reductionruns were also conducted. The results of the three runs were consistent, in that cost savings,for example, were smallest in the maximize pollutant reduction case, increased some in themultiple objective optimization, and were largest in the run where the single objective was tomaximize cost savings. The cost savings values of the two extreme cases (the single objectiveruns) gave sensitivity information on the influence of weights on cost savings results.

e. RIM imposed budgetary constraints and the quantity or amount of ECO remaining forpotential investment (expressed as equations) during processing. The investment budgetconstraint limited the total number of dollars which could be used to acquire ECO. Thesecond constraint limited the model's implementation of ECO measures to the total numberof opportunities remaining at any point during the model run. Within these definedparameters, the model was free to calculate and develop the ECO site implementationsequencing plan which maximized the selected objective function(s).

f. Standard Data Inputs for Developing REEP Investment Strategy. Figure 3-5identifies the standard set of selected ECO data which were derived and input into RIM toproduce investment strategies under alternative study scenarios. Model logic fields weredesignated (expressed as equations) to reflect the objective functions to be applied during themodel run. Assumed budget constraints were entered, as appropriate.

DATA- I - ial cost of a 1% investment in ECO- knnual energy savings resulting from a 1% investment inan ECO- Annual demand savings resulting from a 1% investment inan ECO- Annual cost savings of a 1% investment in an ECO

Annual environmental savings resulting from a 1%investment in an ECO- Percentage of ecc, omic potentiud remaining- Budget constrainLL (enter fiscal budget amounts)LOGIC (EQUATIONS)- Obiective functions (select from four options)

Figure 3-5. Standard Data Inputs Used by the Model inDeveloping REEP Investment Strategies

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g. Standard Data Outputs Identifying Investment Strategy. Figure 3-6 identifies thestandard set of data which were calculated and produced by the model for each ECO and siteincluded in the run. Collectively, these data outputs comprise a comprehensive and detailedstrategy for investing in all ECO (specified for appropriate building categories) at all sites inthe precise order which maximized the selected objective function(s). A sample illustration ofmodel output is included at Appendix E.

- Percent investment by ECO and site- Percent cumulative investment start by ECO and site- Annual implementation costs by ECO and site- Annual energy savings by ECO and site- Annual demand savings by ECO and site- Annual cost savings by ECO and site- Annual environmental savings by ECO and site

Figure 3-6. Standard Data Output from RIM

3-5. DEVELOP AND EVALUATE INVESTMENT STRATEGY (TASK 4)

a. General

(1) This task involved completing and testing the REEP analytical methodology andapplying this to produce Army energy investment strategies for selected objective functions,energy and environmental policies/goals, and budget constraints. REEP investment strategieswere formulated to present detailed site and ECO-specific acquisition plans (i.e., what tobuy, how many, where, and when) and the macro, as well as the detailed, economic andenvironmental impacts of implementing ECO. In accomplishing this task, detailed site-specific ECO data and representative energy program scenarios (derived from energy policyand sponsor study requirements) were used in conducting RIM runs to produce energyinvestment strategies. Model outputs were downloaded to a Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheetprogram and the results summarized to illustrate generated investment strategies.

(2) The REEP methodology was applied to various stages of the development andtesting process in order to produce successively more comprehensive investment strategies,evaluate and enhance the operation of RIM, and refine the methodology. During the courseof the study, two principal applications of REEP were requested by the study sponsors. Theanalysis and results of these two issues are presented in this paragraph. The two issues raisedwere:

(a) What should the investment strategy be for a sample of 16 ECO (with paybacksof 10 years or less) at US Army facilities in CONUS that maximizes cost savings and can beimplemented completely by FY 2005?

(b) What should the investment strategy be for 47 ECO (with paybacks of !0 yearsor less) specified at US Army facilities in CONUS that maximizes cost savings and can beimplemented completely by FY 2005? ."he last issue served as a "base case," since itconsidered the total number of economically feasible ECO identified in the REEP Study andis in accordance with EPACT and Army energy policy.

(3) The REEP methodology was also applied in the REESIN QRA which wasperformed for the Assistant Secretary ot. the Army for Installations, Logistics, andEnvironment (ASAILE). In support of ta.- National Performance Review (NPR), the REESINQRA identified energy conservation opportunities and strategy for their investment thatmaximize cost savings and pollutant reduction at US Army facilities. The REESIN QRA isdocumented in a separate report.

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(4) Developing an ECO investment strategy that meets the EPACT mandated goal ofdecreasing energy usage per square foot by 20 percent between 1985 and 2000 was notrequested as an application of the REEP methodology. This was due to: (1) the Army beingalready close to meeting this requirement; and (2) preliminary runs showed that the 10-yearpayback requirement significantly dominated the energy efficiency improvement requirementof 20 percent. Therefore, RIM applications that were requested by the study sponsors focusedon the EPACT 10-year payback requirement.

b. Demonstration of the REEP Methodology in Support of the DOD/DOE EPACTReview. A demonstration of the REEP methodology was prepared and presented in supportof the DOD/DOE EPACT review conducted in April 1993. The purpose of thisdemonstration was to illustrate the capability of the emerging REEP methodology to respondto the analytical, planning, and decisionmaking requirements posed by enactment of EPACT.With development still ongoing, the methodology had progressed sufficiently to illustrate itsutility for addressing EPACT requirements. Essential data processing features of RIM wereoperational, and a representative range of ECO data had been provided by CERL andprepared for evaluation by RIM.

(1) The basic approach used was to develop the example application of themethodology using 16 ECO, all 49 study sites (representing about 75 percent of energyconsumption at Army facilities in CONUS), the EPACT provision requiring all ECOpaybacks of 10 years or less to be implemented at Federal facilities by 2005, and theprovision of EPACT to undertake ECO investments that maximize cost savings. (Note: theFY 2005 EPACT payback requirement was considered in all subsequent applications of themethodology.) Two variations of th's approach, one assuming no rollover of cost savings andone assuming a 50 percent rollover of cost savings, were used. EPACT includes a provisionfor Federal agencies that one-half of the cost savings generated by an ECO should be "rolled6ver" or reinvested in additional ECO. The rollover variation assumed that one-half of thecost savings resulting from ECO implementation would be made available the year followingthe year in which the cost savings occur. ECO investments using cost savings from rolloverfunds were in addition to calculated annual investment budget amounts.

(2) The 16 ECO (Figure 3-7) considered in the example application were in fourcategories representing a variety of end uses and ECO operating characteristics. Each ECOhad a 10-year payback or less at one or more of the 49 sites. The 49 sites presented a widerange of facility types, prevailing climatic conditions, and servicing utility companies. The12-year time span (FY 1994-FY 2005) used to coincide with the EPACT requirement,A:astrated RIM's capability to address large volumes of complex data over long program andplanning horizons.

(3) The specific problem addressed in the example application was, "What should theinvestment strategy be for a sample of 16 specified ECO (with paybacks < 10 years) atCONUS Army facilities that both maximizes cost savings and is implemented completely byFY 2005?" Key assumptions and parameters used for the example application were:

* Address 49 sites with annual utility bill > $5 million* Army program/budget for ECO acquisition is $32.9 million annually for FY 94-FY 05* No rollover of cost savings (a "what if' variation was conducted using one-half

rollover of cost savings)- Analysis considers only appropriated total obligatiou -11 authority (TOA); no

performance contracts or rebates/special rates• No economies of scale* Opportunities reported by CERL for implementing ECO were as adjusted by

market penetration surveys

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"* Analysis does not address synergistic effects"* All dollars are expressed as FY 93 constant dollars

Cateory ECOLighting

Install occupancy sensorsReplace/relamp exit signsReplace incandescent lamps with compact fluorescentInstall T8 lamps and electronic ballasts

•Heating/Cooling

Thermal water storage for load managementInstall high efficiency gas furnaces in family housingInstall modular boilersInstall programmable thermostats in family housingSmall ventilation motor retrofitMedium ventilation motor retrofit (10 - 20 HP)Large ventilation motor retrofit (>20 HP)

EnvelopInsulate FH walls with blown-in rockwoolInstall window solar filmInsulate above tile ceilings with 6 inches insulationHigh reflectance roof membrane

WaterInsulate domestic hot water tanks

Figure 3-7. 16 ECO Considered in Example Application

(4) The investment cost (with no rollovers) of complying with the EPACT requirementfor the 16 ECO at the 49 sites was annualized between FY 1994 and FY 2005, resulting in 12equal annual budgets of $32.9M. Based upon these budgets, RIM was used to generate adetailed investment strategy for acquiring all ECO at all sites by 2005. The pattern of theECO acquisition strategy generated by the model is graphically depicted in Figures 3-8a and3-8b. Two graphs were needed to accommodate the difference in how individual ECO weremeasured (i.e., some ECO were measured as item quantities and others were measured interms of square feet). The results shown in Figure 3-8b are categorized into 4 groups forgraphical clarity purposes.

(5) Three key observations were made from these results. First, that ECO performancevaries significantly from site to site. That is, once it has been determined that an ECO willpay back in 10 years or less, its performance at each individual site becomes one of the keyfactors for evaluation by RIM. ECO performance variations among the sites were, in mostpart, attributable to regional climatology, rates charged by servicing utilities, types of fuelused by servicing utilities to generate electricity, and types of buildings at the sites. The netresult of these factors was that most ECO were shown to have wide-ranging cost savingsperformance across the various study sites. None of the ECO were shown to be the top costsavings performer for all sites.

(6) Secondly, only 2 of the 16 ECO (compact fluorescent lighting and insulating hotwater tanks) showed superior cost savings performance across most sites and were almostfully acquired in the initial program years. Patterns for several other ECO show that theywere acquired early at several sites, but delaye *-ubstantially at those sites where costsavings were comparatively at the lower end of e cost savings range.

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100

70

so Roo embitno

40

30

20

Figure 3-8a. Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO-No Rollover

4000000

3500000... ...

30000008 1N Lighting

wA 2500000 01 Water02000000

'1500000MHotn A~ UMotors1000000

500000 -IA

0 I

Figure 3-8b. Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO (Expressed In 4 Categories)--No Rollover

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(7) And lastly, the results showed that RIM considered the relative investment cost incomparison to the cost savings associated with an ECO. Of the site, ECO combinationsavailable, RIM always acquired the ones with the greatest cost savings for invested dollar.

(8) Figure 3-9 summarizes selected model results for the example application. Resultshave been summarized to show the impacts of implementing the 16 ECO over the studyperiod, FY 1994 through FY 2005, under an investment strategy which maximizes costsavings. A cost savings of $1.1 billion was generated over the study period from a totalinvestment of $395 million. This was a return of $2.78 for each dollar invested over the studyperiod. This cost savings impact would be $2.1 billion if measured over the useful life ofECO rather than limited to the study period. This represents a return of $5.31 for eachinvested dollar. RIM also determined the immediate impacts of ECO acquisition on energyand demand savings and pollutant reduction.

Investment costs: $395 million (FY 1993 dolls)All investment is made from calculated Army budetsCost savings $1.1 Billion

Energy savings 15.7 Million MbtuDemund savings 4.18 Million kilowatts

Pollutant reduction 7.82 Million short tons

Figure 3-9. Selected Output for 16 ECO With No Rollover(FY 1994-FY 2005)

(9) A variation of the analysis was conducted and presented to illustrate the flexibilityof RIM to accommodate changes in policy and scenario assumptions and to highlight theimpact of an ECO cost savings rollover policy. This variation assumed that, in addition to theannual investment budget amount of $32.9M, one-half of the cost savings generated by ECOimplementation would be retained for investment in additional ECO. ECO acquisitionstrategies (with rollover effects) generated are graphically depicted in Figures 3-1Oa and 3-l0b. A major impact of cost savings rollover was that, given annual budgets of $32.9 million,all ECO were acquired by FY 2000. That is, the EPACT requirement for 2005 was met 5years earlier than mandated without increasing the budgets.

40WwgRAst Caos

"j l

Figure 3-10a. Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO-50 Percent Rollover (FY 94-FY 05)

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4,000,000

3,500,000 - Wo or 81 er.____________

3,000,000 Motors

2 2,500,000

W2,000,000

1,500,000 .Lightin'g

O1,000,000

500,000

0 i _ • I € I .

Figure 3-10b. Acquisition Pattern for 16 ECO (Expressed in 4 Categories)-50 PercentRollover (FY 94-FY 05)

(10) Table 3-3 compares the overall results of the no rollover and rollover runs. Resultshave been summarized to show the impacts of implementing the 16 ECO over the studyperiod, FY 1994 through FY 2005, under an investment strategy which maximizes costsavings. A cost savings of $1.27 billion was generated in the rollover case, or $170 millionmore than with no rollover. Since one-half of this amount, or $85 million, was used toaugment the assumed investment budget, the model acquired more ECO earlier, resulting ingreater overall cost savings. While the total ECO investment cost was $395 million in eachcase, only $172.3 million was provided from budgeted investment funds in the rollover case.The balance of the total acquisition cost, $222.7 million, was funded through rollover funds.Investing in the 16 ECO provided a return of $7.31 (over the study period) for each budgetdollar invested and a return of $3.22 (over the study period) for each total dollar (budget andplus rollover) invested. As with the no rollover case, impacts of the rollover variation wouldbe substantially higher if calculated over the useful life of ECO rather than limited to thestudy period. The $2.1 billion savings generated over the useful lives of the ECO equates to areturn of $12.19 for each budgeted dollar invested and $5.32 for each total dollar invested.

Table 3-3. Comparative Results for 16 ECO-No Rollover versus 50 Percent Rollover(FY 94-FY 05)

With 50% rollover I No rollover

estMansains 20,) 4 ,100,00,0Energy savings ( btu) I25,'083,000 15,715,00Pollutant reduction (SN 9,31,00 7,820,0M0

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c. Base Case Application of the REEP Methodology

(1) The investment strategy formulation portion of the REEP Sudy effort culminated inthe development of a base case application of the methodology. This application addressedall ECO developed and evaluated by CERL for the study which had a payback 10 years orless at one or more of the study sites. The 47 ECO that met the payback criterion areidentified in Figure 3-11. The key assumptions and parameters applied in the base case arelisted in Figure 3-12. The same method used to calculate the annual budget requirements inthe DOE/DOD EPACT application was applied here. The calculated annual investmentbudget was increased to $87.9 million to cover the cost of the additional 31 ECO. The Armypolicy requiring one-third of ECO cost savings to be rolled over into additional ECO (whichhad been recently reevaluated and affirmed by Headquarters, Department of the Army(HQDA)) was applied in the development of the investment strategy. The number ofopportunities remaining to implement ECO were adjusted, as necessary, to reflect the resultsof the second market penetration survey. The results of the second survey are shown in Table3-2. The base case applied the objective function of maximizing cost savings per EPACTguidance.

(2) The enormity and complexity of the base case problem to be solved in RIM isreflected by the characteristics of the optimization matrix as shown in Figure 3-13. Theadditional ECO had geometrically expanded the size and complexity of the investmentstrategy problem. This would also occur if additional sites or ECO were added to theanalysis. In producing results for the base case, RIM demonstrated its capability as apowerful, flexible analytical support tool.

Lighting Envele2x4 Fluorescent lighting retrofit Radiant barriersCompact fluorescent retrofit High reflectance roof surfaceExit lighting retrofit Window filmsOccupancy sensors Solar shading devicesReplace mercury vapor with high pressure sodium Family housing blown-in insulationlampn s .. . ..Efficient street lighting 6,5 inches of additional ceiling insulationConstant level lighting__________________________

Electrical WaterGmall ventilation motor retrofit Water heater insulation blanketMedium size ventilation motor retrofit Showerhead flow restn~ctorsLarge size ventilation motor retrofit Faucet flow restrictorsSmall ventilation motor retrofit with adiustable speed drive DesuperheatersMedium ventilation motor retrofit with adjustable speeddrive Hot water heat pumpLarge ventilation motor retrofit with adjustable speed drive Instantaneous hot water heaters

Heating/cooling UtilitiesPulse combustion/modular boiler Heating distribution repairSingle loop digital contr-ol panels Manhole sump pump repairventilation heat recovery Cool storgrogrammable thermostats in family housing Direct-fired gas fired chil lergreater than 100 tons

Seal duct leaks Energy management control systemHigh efficiency gas furnaces for family housingGas engine driven heat Pumps for family housing RenewablesNominal efficiencX fu races for family housing Solar water heating for family housingFlue dampers/electronic ignition Wn energyHigh SEER/air conditioning units Microclimate modifications

Solar powered street lightsMiscellaneous Solarwall

Refrigerator replacements for family housin, Solar water heating for haracks

Figure 3-11. ECO Considered in Base Case Application

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- Addresses 49 Army sites with annual utility bill greater than $5 million.- Army program/budget input is $87.9 million annually for FY1994- 2005.- One-third of the cost savings are "rolled over" for additional ECO investment.- Analysis considers only total obligation al authority; no performance contracts or rebates/spccial rates.- Considers ECO at installations where there will be a payback less than or equal 10 years.- No ECO economies of scale.- Fuel prices increase at the same rate as inflation.

S-Analysis does not address synergistic effects.Figure 3-12. Key Assumptions and Parameters for Base Case Application

Optimization matrix- 39,158 Constraints- 71,558 Variables

- 32,400 Decision variables- 39,158 Slack variables

- 206,402 Coefficients

Hardware/software- RISC 6000

- UNIX- IBM Optimization Subroutine Library (OSL)

- Macintosh llfx- Microsoft Excel

Figure 3-13. RIM Characteristics

(3) The overall investment strategy produced by the model for the base case showedthat 4 of the 47 ECO (shower and faucet water flow restrictors, manhole sump repairs, andheating distribution repairs) had exceptional cost savings performance at all sites and werefully acquired by the model in the first year (FY 94). Six others showed markedly superiorcost savings performance at most sites. Two of these (water heater blankets and seal ductleaks) were fully acquired by the second year, and four more (compact fluorescent lights, exitlights, programmable thermostats, and microclimate modifications) were 90 percent procuredby the third year. The strategy generally delayed the acquisition of four ECO (high efficiencyAC units for family housing, wind energy, solar water heating for barracks, and smallvariable speed drives) in favor of other ECO since the model determined that they werecomparatively less attractive cost savers. The model produced a widely dispersed acquisitionstrategy for the remaining 33 ECO. This was attributable to the wide variation in ECO costsavings performance among the sites.

(4) Impacts of the base case investment strategy for the study period and the useful lifeof the ECO are summarized in Table 3-4. Applying annual investment budgets of $87.9million and one-third cost savings rollover, all 47 ECO were fully acquired by FY 2001 at atotal cost of $1.1 billion. Breakout of ECO investment funding rources used in the modelwas: $684 million from annual Army investment budgets; and $371 million from the one-third cost savings rollover policy.

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Table 3-4. Base Case Strategy--Results for Study Period versus System LifeMaximidze cost savings case

SaiFY 1" 41 - 2005 Life cycle impacts

Investment costProgrammed $ 683,867,000 $ 683,867,000From rollover $ 371,477,000 $ 371,477,000

Total $ 1.055,344,000 $ 1,055,344,000Cost savings $ 2,361,772,000 $ 4,262,166,000Pollutant Reduction (short tons) 22,230,343 40,925,531Energy savings (Mbtu) 151,462,000 287,401,000Demand savings (kW) 6,710,926 12,569,319

(5) The base case strategy produced a cost savings of $2.4 billion over the 12-yearperiod of analysis and $4.3 billion over the useful lives of the ECO (which normally werebetween 15 and 20 years). For each budget dollar the model invested in ECO, results show areturn of $3.45 over the study period and $6,23 over the life cycles of the ECO. For each totaldollar invested, results show a $2.24 return over the study period and $4.04 over the usefullives of the ECO. When measured over the useful lives of the ECO, energy and electricaldemand savings and pollution reduction are shown to be approximately double those sameimpacts over the study period. Maximum annual cost savings of $249 million are generatedby FY 2002. Under current Army policies, the disposition of these annual savings would beas follows: one-third retained by the installations producing the savings for investment inquality of life resources (which could be additional ECO); one-third for investment in newECO at the installations; and one-third to be returned to the US Treasury.

(6) One of the goals of EPACT is to reduce US oil imports (which has also been a long-standing goal of the Federal government as well). Based on data from CERL, approximately19 percent of the annual energy savings produced by the ECO is attributable to reduced oilusage at Army facilities and servicing electric utilities (which use oil as a primary fuel sourceto produce electricity). Applying this percentage to the annual energy savings of 16,823,804Mbtu generated from the 47 ECO at the 49 CONUS sites saves 3,196,523 Mbtu fromdecreased oil consumption. According to CERL, one barrel of oil can produce about6.347369 Mbtu. Thus, 503,598 barrels of oil (3,196,523 Mbtu / 6.347369 Mbtu per barrel)would be saved annually if the 47 ECO were implemented at the 49 CONUS sites. Currentlyabout 42 percent of oil products supplied in the US is imported. Therefore as a result ofimplementing the ECO specified, about 211,511 fewer barrels of oil would need to beimported annually in the US.

3-6. SUMMARY. The utility and flexibility of using the REEP methodology for analyzingenergy policy and programmatic issues can be characterized by its ability to incorporatechanges and improvements in energy/environmental goals, engineering and cost data,analytical tools and scenarios. The study identified 47 economically feasible ECO (all ofwhich are commercially available) at 49 major energy consuming Army sites in CONUS.Economically feasible ECO were characterized by having a payback of 10 years or less. Twosurveys conducted during the study indicated that between 70-98 percent of the economicpotential for most of these ECOs remains at Army facilities in CONUS. The REEPInvestment Model (RIM)-a multiobjective linear investment programming nuodel developedand evaluated optimal renewable energy and energy efficiency strategies at th" designatedArmy CONUS sites on a yearly basis for selected objective functions, budget constraints andenergy/environmental policies and goals. Defense and nondefense funding programs wereidentified and discussed as part of the REEP analysis for ECO acquisition. The two

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applications of the REEP methodology show that substantial economic, energy, andenvironmental benefits would result from analytically based strategies for investment in ECOat US Army facilities. To maintain the integrity of REEP analyses, all data, data bases andmodels used must be updated and maintained on a regular basis.

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APPENDIX A

STUDY CONTRIBUTORS

1. STUDY TEAM

a. Study Director

Mr. Steven B. Siegel, Force Systems Directorate

b. Team Members

COL John B. HarringtonLTC Andrew LoerchDr. Robert J. SchwabauerMs. Vas I. MantzouranisMr. Mark T. ClementsMr. Duane E. GoryMs. Dana G. UAkle

c. External Team, Members

Mr. Donald F. Fournier, Jr., CERLMr. Robert J. Nemeth, CERLMr. Lee A. Edgar, CERLMr. John J. Kr&,jewski, EHSCMr. Rodger Cundiff, EHSC

d. Other Contribp.torsj

LTC Rodger PudwillMr. Diego RoqueLTC Michael BurchettLTC James GoodeiikaufCPT William ivinnMs. Nancy M. LawrenceMs. Tina H. Davis

2. PRODUCT REVIEW BOARD

Mr. Ronald J. lekel, ChairmanMAJ Kern WilsonMr. Raymond McDowaU

3. EXTERNAL CONTRIBUTORS

Mr. Gary Schanche, CERLMr. David Joncich, CERLMAJ Lawrence Hailer, LEAMAT Susan McDonald. LEAMr. Grant Keath, LEAMs. Fern Gaffey, LEAMr. Robert Starling, Corps of Engineers, Huntsville Division

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Mr. Plyler McManus, Corps of Engineers, Huntsville DivisionMr. Arkie Fanning, Corps of Engineers, Huntsville DivisionMs. Linda Murray, Corps of Engineers, Huntsville DivisionMr. William Christner, EHSCMr. Satish Sharma, EHSCMr. Bernie Wasserman, EHSCMr. Lou Keller, EHSCMr, James Donnelly, EHSCMr. Hank Gignilliat, EHSCMr. Harry Goradia, EHSCMr. William Stein, The Army Energy OfficeMr. James Woods, GSAMr. James Wolfe, The Alliance to Save EnergyMr. Mark Hopkins, The Alliance to Save EnergyMr. Douglas Dahle, DON

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APPENDIX B

STUDY DIRECTIVE

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYOFPFICE Or THI CHIEF Or KNOINKERS

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20310.3400

a afty TOATTRNTI I 0 1 N 1992

CEHSC-FU-M

MEMORANDUM FOR Director, U.S. Army Concepts Analysis Agency,ATTN: CSCA-FSR, 8120 Woodmont Avenue,Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2797

SUBJECT: Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning (REEP) -Study Directive

1. PURPOSE OF STUDY DIRECTIVE. This directive tasks the U.S.Army Concepts Analysis Agency (CAA) to develop and apply ananalytical methodology for evaluating the economic potential forinvestment in energy efficiency and renewable energy in Armyfacilities.

2. STUDY TITLE. Renewable and Energy Efficiency Planning(REEP).

3. BACKGROUND. The Army requires a quick turnaround decisionsupport capability that can evaluate renewable energy and energyefficiency investment issues. The requirement for thiscapability is based upon the increasingly complex nature ofanalyzing the potential for renewable energy and energyefficiency in the Army when considering factors, such as energysystem costs and performance, policy requirements, alternativesources of funding, budget constraints, the industrial base,environmental considerations and institutional characteristics.An analytical methodology that can logically incorporate thesefactors in support of the energy investment decision makingprocess in the Army will be developed and applied in the study.

4. STUDY SPONSOR. The Assistant Chief of Engineers, Departmentof the Army, and the Associate Chief of Engineers for StrategicInitiatives, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, are the studysponsors. Mr. John Krajewski, U.S. Army Engineering and HousingSupport Center (EHSC) will serve as the sponsor's representative.

5. TERMS OF REFERENCE.

a. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to develop andapply an analytical methodology for evaluating the economicpotential for investment in energy efficiency and renewableenergy in Army facilities.

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CEHSC-FU-H 0 1 Jud 1%2SUBJECT: Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning (REEP) -Study Directive

b. Scope.

(1) Timeframe of analysis: FY 1993-2010.

(2) Analysis will be conducted in two phases. Phase Ifocuses on FY 1993-1999 and Phase II covers FY 1993-2010.

(3) Army facilities in the U.S. only.

(4) Consider renewable energy and energy efficiencytechnologies and activities that are in research, development,demonstration, and commercialization phases of their life cyclt.

(5) Public and private financial sources.

c. The objectives are:

(1) Estimate the energy and cost savings that could resultfrom economic investment in energy efficiency and renewableenergy in Army facilities.

(2) Estimate the costs associated with the economicinvestment in renewable energy and efficiency in Army facilities.

(3) Identify potential sources of funding for energyefficiency and renewable energy investment in Army facilities.

(4) Develop and evaluate investment strategy alternativesfor undertaking economic investment in Army facilities.

6. RESPONSIBILITIES.

a. The study sponsors will:

(1) Provide a study point of contact (POC).

(2) Assist in providing CAA with available data and pointsof contact as required.

(3) Prepare an analysis of study results IAW AR 5-5, ArmyStudies and AnalyseL.

(4) Establish a Study Advisory Group (SAG). Schedule in-process reviews as required.

2

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CEHSC-FU-M 0 1 JUN 19t)SUBJECT: Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning (REEP) -Study Directive

b. The study agency, CAA, will:

(1) Designate a study director and establish a full-timestudy team.

(2) Establish direct communications with HQDA and otherorganizations required for the conduct of the study.

(3) Provide in-process reviews as requested and a finalstudy report to the study sponsors.

7. ADMINISTRATION.

a. CAA will provide all administrative 3upport necessary forthe conduct of the study.

b. Funds required for TDY will be provided by the studysponsors. (Approximately $10,000)

c. Milestone Schedule:

Approval of Study Directive 1 May 92

In-process Reviews Each 2-3 Months

Present Study Results

Phase I 26 Feb 93

Phase II 30 Apr 93

Publish Final Report 1 Jul 93

d. EHSC in coordination with CAA, will prepare the initialDD Form 1498, Research and Technology Work Unit Summary.

e. CAA will submit the final, approved study report toDefense Technical Information Center (DTIC).

f. CAA will provide study results to the study sponsors as astudy report.

3

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CEHSC-Ft-M 01 Jurm IgSUBJECT: Renewable and Energy Efficiency Planning (REEP) - StudyDirective

g. This tasking directive has been coordinated with CA IAWparagraph 4, AR 10-38, United States Army Concepts AnalysisAgency.

FOR THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS:

'Major General, USAAssistant Chief of Engineers

)WILLI 4(L.0OBIRTSONAssociate Chief of EngineersStrategic Initiatives

4

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AFW'm IX V

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Department of the Army (DA) PubMa~ism

AR 5-4, Department of the Army Prodctivity Improvement Pr•tw I Augv,,t M2

AR 11-27, Army Energy Program, 14 July 1989

AR 37-14, Programming and Financing of Facilities at Military Installations .Jtilize'4 byTwo or More Department of Defense Components, 1 April 1979

AR 37-49, Budgeting, Funding, and Reimbursement for Base Operations Support of ArmyActivities, 15 October 1978

AR 70-15, Product Improvement of Materiel, 15 June 1980

AR 415-28, Department of the Army Facility Classes and Construction Categories(Category Codes), November 1981

AR 415-15, Military Construction, Army (MCA) Program D3evelopment, 1 December 1983

AR 415-35, Minor Construction, Emergency Construction, and Replacement of FacilitiesDamaged or Destroyed, 15 September 1983

AR 420-10, Management of Installation Directorates of Engineering and Housing, 2 July1987

AR 420-17, Real Property and Resource Management, 1 July 1980

DA Memorandum, DALO-TSE, subject: Energy Cost Savings Identification, Retention andReuse, 2 March 1993

DA Memorandum (Chief of Staff and Secretary of the Army), subject: The Army Plan(TAP) FY 1994-2009, 10 October 1991

Department of the Army, The Army Energy Office, Energy Resources Management Plan, FY86 - F)Y 95, September 1989

The Army Energy Office, The Army Energy Plan, 1985

US Army Engineer Division, Huntsville (USAEDH), Shared Energy Savings LessonsLearned, CEHND 1115-3-518, May 1990

US Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Renewables and Energy Efficiency SustainableInvestment (REESIN), 1993

US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Renewablesand Energy Efficiency Planning, 1 July 1993

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US Army Corps of Engineers Huntsville Division, Energy Program and Funding AlternativeTraining Manual, 28-29 April 1992

US Army Engineering and Housing Support Center, Utilities Engineering Division, EnergyBranch, January, 1992

MISCELLANEOUS

Alliance to Save Energy, Third-Party Financing: Increasing Investment in Energy EfficientIndustrial Projects, November 982

Alliance to Save Energy, Utility Promotion of Investment in Energy Efficiency: Engineering,Legal, and Economic Analyses, August, 1983

Assael, Henry, Consumer Behavior and Marketing Action, Kent Publishing Company,Boston, MA, 1981

Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment, Energy Efficiency in theFederal Government by Good Example? OTA-E--492, May, 1991

Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, DOD Shared EnergySavings Program, 10 December 1991

Defense Energy Program Policy Memorandum (DEPPM) 92-2, subject: EnergyConservation Investment Program Guidance, 4 March 1992

Defense Logistics Agency, Defense Technical Information Center, Making Shared EnergySavings Work, Report # AL703R1, July 1988

Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review DOE/EIA-0035(93/06), June1993

Lane & Edson, P.C. and The Alliance to Save Energy, Performance Contracting for EnergyEfficiency Improvements: A Guide for Tennessee Businesses (A Guide for Governmental andNon-profit Organizations), April 1986

National Energy Strategy, DOEIS-0082P, First Edition 1991/1992

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Contract by: TechnicalDevelopment Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts, The Detailed Guide to Energy PerformanceContracting in Public Schools, 1990

Office of the Assistant Chief of Engineers, US Army Engineering and Housing SupportCenter, Facilities Engineering and Housing Annual Summary of Operations, Volume III,Installations Performance, FY 1991

Office of Federal Energy Management Programs, Federal Energy Management Activities,DOEICE-0348P, # 3, 1991

Payne, F. W., ed. Creative Financing for Energy Conservation and Cogeneration. Atlanta:Fairmont Press, 1984

President's Commission on Environmental Quality: Energy Efficiency Resource Directory:A Guide to Utility Programs, September, 1992

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Public Law 99-272. The National Energy Conservation Policy Act, April 1986

Public Law 100-615, The Federal Energy Management Improvement Act, 1988

Summary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Provisions in the Energy Policy Actof 1992 (P.L. 102-486)

United States Code Congressional and Administrative News, 102nd Congress, SecondSession, No. 10, Public Laws 102-402 to 102-518, Legislative History: Public Laws 102-379to 102-429, December, 1992

United States General Services Administration, Shared Energy Savings Contracting forFederal Agencies: Student Manual, June 1991

United States Department of Energy, Annual Report to Congress on Federal Government

Energy Management and Conservation Programs, Fiscal Year 1990, 18 September 1991

The White House, Executive Order 12759, Federal Energy Management, 17 April 1991

The Alliance to Save Energy, Energy Use in Federal Facilities: Squandering TaxpayerDollars and Needlessly Polluting the Environment, January 1991

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APPENDIX D

MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTIONOF THE

REEP INVESTMENT MODEL

D-1. INTRODUCTION. This appendix presents a formal technical description of the coremethodology of the REEP Investment Model (RIM). In addition, it contains the equations forthe recently implemented prototype methodology involving economies of scale. A sequentialuse of the objective functions and an example of optional additional constraints are also given.The postprocessing equations, which are found on the spreadsheets, are not presented here asthey are never seen by the optimizer. (Many of the postprocessing equations convert percentageresults into quantity values and/or take into account the quantity penetration prior to the firstmodel year. See the spreadsheets in Appendix E for examples of the postprocessing equations.)

D-2. INDEX USAGE

a. Upper Limits and Indices

(1) S Total number of sites.

(2) s Site index, where s = 1,2,...,S.

(3) E Total number of different ECO.

(4) e ECO index, where e = 1,2,...,E.

(5) T Total number of years in the planning period.

(6) t Planning year index, where t =1,2,...,T.

(7) i Objective function component, where i = 1,2,3,4.

b. Note on the Dimensionality of the Study. In the core spreadsheets configuration, thetotal numbers S, E, and T of sites, ECO, and planning years are respectively 50, 54, and 12. The12 planning years are from FY 94 through FY 05. The decision variables below are indexed byall three of s, e, and t. Hence there are (50)(54)(12) = 32,400 decision variables. An economiesof scale ECO contains an additional (50)(12) decision variables, indexed by s and t, and has 12binary variables indexed by t.

D-3. DATA

a. ECO-Specific Data

(1) ICk, Initial cost for a 1 percent replacement of old technology at site s by ECO e.

(2) CS,,, Cost savings from a I percent replacement of old technology at site s by ECO ein year t. Yearly differences in this element occur in scenarios where energy prices fluctuatedifferently than the rate of inflation.

(3) ES, Energy savings from a 1 percent replacement of old technology at site s byECO e.

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(4) DS1, Demand savings from a 1 percent replacement of old technology at site s byECO e.

(5) VS,, Environmental savings (pollution abated) from a I percent replacement of oldtechnology at site s by ECO e.

(6) RP,, Remaining percent investment potential at the start of the planning period at site

s of ECO e.

b. Budget Data

(1) BG, Budget for year t.

(2) RO fraction of the previous year's cost savings that can be rolled over to supplementcurrent year's budget.

c. Objective Function Data

Wi Weight of objective function component.

d. Optional Data Examples

(1) XES Indicates the objective function result from a maximized energy savingoptimization to be maintained in a subsequent cost savings maximization. The purpose of thesecond optimization is to maximize cost savings without lowering the previously achievedenergy savings.

(2) AE Minimum fraction of encrgy saving improvement over energy savings of ECOpenetration before planning period. For example, if AE = .5, the additional energy savings forthe last planning year (FY 05) is required to be at least 50 percent of that achieved in the yearbefore the planning period (FY 93).

e. Economies of Scale Data

(1) QU,, Quantity (e.g., number of items, or of square feet) invested in by a I percentreplacement of old technology at site s by ECO e.

(2) QRe Quantity investment requirement for ECO e before price reduction.

(3) FR, Fraction used to get the reduced cost from the initial cost for ECO e. Forexample, if the initial cost of a 1 percent implementation of e is $10,000 and FR, is .9, thereduced cost of a I percent implementation would $9,000.

(4) TX, Technical "big" number used to prevent premature investment in ECO e at thereduced price. Number must be big enough to avoid restricting low." price buys in year t whenbinary variable for year t is one in the "Restrict if Zero" constraints below.

D-4. DECISION AND BINARY VARIABLES

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a. X,,, Percent of the total quantity at site s of ECO e invested in during year t. (Totalquantity includes the amount invested in the new technology ECO by the start of the planningperiod.)

b. Yo,, For ECO with economies of scale data, the percent of the total quantity at site s ofECO e invested in during year t at the higher price.

c. Z,,, For ECO with economies of scale data, the percent of the total quantity at site s ofECO e invested in during year t at the reduced price.

d. BI,, For ECO with economies of scale data, the binary variable that prevents premature

investment at the lower price in ECO e in year t.

D-5. CUMULATION EXPRESSIONS

a. Cumulative Additional Percent Investments. Most of the expressions below involveCUet,, the cumulative additional percent investment at site s in ECO e through year t.

Fors= 1,...,S,e=1,...,E;XS" Xo t = I

U CU ,(,_I) +Xo, t=2,....T.

For economies of scale ECO, Yo, + ZS,, is used instead of X,,, in the definition of CU,,,

b. Cumulative Additional Percent Investments at the Higher Price. The constraints inparagraphs D-7c and D-7d(1) below involve CV,,,, the cumulative additional percentinvestment at site s in ECO e through year t at the unreduced price. These expressions pertain toeconomies of scale ECO.

Fors= 1,...,S;e= 1,...,E;C"= Y ,,, t = ICV,=•tCV,,s,.0+ Yse, t = 2....,T.

D-6. OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS. The objective function is:

MaximizeT E S T E S

W1 14cs1cSC,,USe, + W Y, V., ES,, oCU3 , +.tu1 0 1 s ri t- al Sel jul

T E S r E s11:.. .,y ,osCU,,, + 1: 1.V_., _.vCU,,,,tul ew tl $-I eal SWl

Often, in practice, the weights of three of the four components are each zero, so that theobjective function is equivalent to one of the following:

a. Maximize Cost Savings

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r E S

Maximize I X CS, ,CU.'.

b. Maximize Energy Savings

r E S

Maximize YXX ES, CU,.1 =1 e I, SMI

c. Maximize Demand Savings

1' E S

Maximize XXX DS,,CU,,,.tWi e-1I S-I

d. Maximize Environmental Savings

r E S

Maximize I 1X . VS1, Cu,,.-i1 eIl s=I

D-7. CONSTRAINTS

a. Annual Investment Dollar Constraints

(BG, rtl

siC Xse, < BG, + RO * CS CU _ t=ee-1 S=1

For economies of scale ECO, Ybe, + FR, * Z,, , is used instead of Xe, in these constraints.

b. Total Planning Period Investment Limited by Remaining Potential at Start

CUsr: e RPs, Fors=l ,...,S;e-=- ... ,E;note t = T (FY05).

c. Quantity of Investment at Higher Price Limited to Requirement

S

X QU eCVT, < QR, Fore = 1,....

note t = T (FY05).

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d. Binary Constraints

(1) "Keep at Zero" Constraints. These expressions force the binary variable forECO e in year t to 0, if the quantity requirement at the unreduced price has not yet been met.

S

,QUeCVs,, - (QR, * BI,,) 0 0, for e = 1,...,E

(2) "Restrict if Zero" Constraints. These expressions prevent buying ECO e at thereduced price in year t, unless the binary variable BI.t is allowed to assume the value 1 by the"Keep at Zero" constraints above.

sI(TX,, * Bi,,) - IC, C,Z,.,, >_ 0, for e =1.,.... E

,'=1 t= I,.... T.

e. Maintain First Objective. (Example of optional sequential programming to improvea secondary objective function while maintaining the primary objective function value found inthe initial optimization.)

T E S

XEECIJs,,,, >- XES.1=1 e=1 S-I

f. Minimum Fraction Energy Saving Improvement. (Example of optionalconstraint designed to force achieving a predetermined energy savings.)

E S E S

, X ESeCUe,,, - AE* : XES,, (100 - RP,),e-I s-I e=l $=I

note, t =T (FY05).

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APPENDIX ESPREADSHEET IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REEP

INVESTMENT MODEL (RIM)

E-1. INTRODUCTION. This appendix provides examples of the EXCEL 4.0 spreadsheetsof RIM. It also indicates some relationships between RIM as mathematically described inAppendix D and the spreadsheet implementation. The core version of RIM resides on 55spreadsheets. For each of 54 ECO, there is a spreadsheet containing data and logic specific tothat ECO. The 55th or main spreadsheet contains links to the other 54 spreadsheets. The firstfour tables of this appendix display the values view and the formulas view of one of the ECOspreadsheets and of the main spreadsheet of the core version of RIM. The last four tablesdisplay the ECO and the main spreadsheet of the economies of scale prototype. Again boththe value views and formula views of each spreadsheet are presented. For easier reading, theinput data and the decision cells have been set to zero in the formula views. In the valuesviews, the spreadsheets reflect the input and output of cost savings maximizations.Spreadsheets described in the following paragraphs are illustrated in Tables E- I through E-8which appear at the end of this appendix.

E-2. CORE SPREADSHEETSa. Core ECO Spreadsheet (r22F01, Tables E-1 and E-2). The 54 ECO spreadsheets in

the current core version of RIM are labeled r22FO 1, r22FO2,....r22F54. Tables E- 1 and E-2display the values view and the formulas view, respectively, of r22F0l.

(1) Data. The data pertaining to a particular ECO ( i.e., those indexed by e in AppendixD ) such as,

ICS, Initial cost for a 1 percent replacement cf old technologyat site s by ECO e,

are shown on the ECO spreadsheets. For example, spreadsheet cell B 11 of r22F01 shows$77,239 as the initial cost of a 1 percent replacement of old technology by ECO I at site 1.

(2) Decision Variables. Each decision variable pertains to a particular ECO (i.e., isindexed by e in Appendix D) and appears on an ECO spreadsheet.

(3) Formulas(a) Expressions containing variables pertaining to, but not summed over the ECO

(i.e., those in Appendix D that contain the phrase, e = l,...,E), are implemented in formulasor the ECO spreadsheets. One such expression is:

Cull, " CU,,(,.t + X',,.

fors=l ,...,S;e=l ,...,E;t=2,...,T.

It is implemented for e = 1, on the spreadsheet r22F01 in the 50 cells C191, C192,...,C240,for s = 1,...,S=50, and t = 2.

(b) Expressions summed over the ECO (i.e., those in Appendix D that contains aE

summation, 71 , over e ), such as

Maximize I I I CS,,,CUeo,

are implemented in formulas on the main spreadsheet, but obtain partial values from ECOspreadsheets. For example, the above maximization expression obtains the value of

S

7,,CS,,,CU,,, for e=l, t=l, from cell B482 of r22F01.Sol

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b. Core Main Spreadsheet (r22LK, Tables E-3 and E-4). The main spreadsheetcontains data and logic that pertain to the ECO as a group.

(1) Data. The main spreadsheet contains the data that does not pertain to individualECO (i.e., those in Appendix D not index by e). For example:

(a) BG, Budget for year t.

(b) RO fraction of the previous year's cost savings that can be rolled over tosupplement current year's budget.

(c) W, Weight of objective function component.(2) Formulas. Expressions that represent summations across ECO, or that are

independent of ECO (i.e., those in Appendix D that do not contain the phrase e = 1,2,....E)are implemented on the main spreadsheet. For example cell, B56 contains the spreadsheetexpression of the formula

E S

BG, - 1, 1•X • .1X ,, for t = I (FY 94).e-1 s-I

The optimization process requires this expression to be non-negative, thus implements theconstraint:

E SSIC,,X,o, < BG,, for t= 1.

g~l sal

The spreadsheet expression of cell B56 uses cell B27 which contains the value ofE s

XX1C , IX,, for t= I (FY 94).eal sal

Cell B27 uses cells B64, B65,...,B 117. Each of the cells B64, B65,...,B 117 is linked to anECO spreadsheet and contains the value of

S

X IC, X•j,, for t = I (FY 94) for a fixed ECO.sal

E-3. ECONOMIES OF SCALE SPREADSHEETSa. Economies of Scale ECO Spreadsheet (r91GO1, Tables E-5 and E-6)

(1) Data. All the economies of scale data in Appendix D are index by e and thus appearon the ECO spreadsheets. That data is:

(a) QU,, Quantity of ECO e available for investment at site s.

(b) QRo Quantity investment requirement for ECO e before price reduction.

(c) FR, Fraction used to get reduced price from initial price for ECO e.

(d) TX, Technical "big" number used to prevent premature investment in ECO e atthe reduced price.

(2) Decision and Binary Variables. All these variables in Appendix D are indexed bye and appear on the ECO spreadsheets.

(3) Formulas. All the economies of scale expressions in Appendix D contain the phrasee = 1,2,...,E, and are thus implemented in formulas on the ECO spreadsheets. For example the"Keep at Zero" binary constraints:

$

I QU", Y.,, - (QR, * BI,,), for e =1....E;sE-

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are implemented in cells B245, C245,...,M245 on the ECO spreadsheets.b. Economies of Scale Main Spreadsheet (r91GLK, Tables E-7 and E-8). This

prototype spreadsheet, r9 IGLK, is similar to core main spreadsheet, r22LK, from spreadsheetrows 1 through 64. From rows 65 on in the core spreadsheet, there are more linking cells tothe ECO spreadsheets. The prototype contains links to one spreadsheet, whereas the corespreadsheet has links to 54 spreadsheets.

E-4. OVERVIEW OF RIM SPREADSHEET IMPLEMENTATIONa. This paragraph describes some of the components and operating characteristics of

RIM. It is intended to provide an overview of portions of the model's structure. It is notintended to serve as instructional documentation covering all aspects of model constructionand operation.

b. Figure E-I is a conceptual depiction of RIM's basic structure. RIM incorporates thesethree basic sequential processing steps: preprocessing and applying data, optimizing theselected objective function, and post-processing results. RIM processing is accomplished onthe Macintosh and RISC computer systems using a combination of standard and CAAdeveloped software programs. The three basic RIM processing steps are briefly described andillustrated below.

Pre rocesingRIMPost processingactivities Iactivities

Step IDevelop ECO &

linking spreadsheets

Step 2Generate OSL input files

from spreadsheets

Step 3Optimization &

results extractionFigure E-1. RIM Architecture

(1) Step 1, Figure E-2. This step entailed developing Microsoft EXCEL spreadsheetson the Macintosh computer. "ECO Spreadsheets" were used for ECO specific data and logiý:oThe spreadsheet referred to as the "Linking Spreadsheet" was used for data and logicpertaining to the ECO as a group such as the objective functions and budgetary constra'i...

(2) Step 2, Figure E-3. Second step RISC processing used an in-house spreadsheetoptimization tool called "Relay" for converting ECO and Linking spreadsheet data andformulas into two Optimization Subroutine Library (OSL) compatible input files (the IndexFile and Right-hand Side File).

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EXCELS PR.ADNIMItrS

CERLECOEXCEL spreadsheets (in put)

ECO 01"• Data"• Cells for

decisionMacintosh variables

Data Inputs * Logic(qato)

, EC0 -O

s CoECO On

iint EXCEL linking spreadsheet

N ObjectiveFunctionsSCnstntonstraints

v Data Inputs •Logic (equations) ......

-Initial cost of I% investment - % cumulative investment above start- Annual energy savings @ 1% investment - Annual implementation costs- Annual demand savings @ 1% investment - Annual energy savings- Annual cost savings of a 1% investment -Annual demand savings- Annual environmental savings 1Z ,, iro i•,... ient - Annual cost savings- % ECO available at start - Annual environmental savings

- Objective functions- Investment budget constraints

Cells- Investment from cost savings rollover

Figure E-2. RIM Processing Step 1-Develop ECO and Linking Spreadsheets

EXCELECO SPREADSHEET RELAY CONVERSION PROGRAM

ECO #1

" Data'Cells"* Logic

ECO#n

"------"-- Equations translated Into•

Linking OSL Input filesspread.

sheetdata

Right-

Index handMie sidefile

Figure E-3. RIM Processing Step 2-Generate Input Files for the Optimizer

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(3) Step 3, Figure E-4. The OSL Program processes the Relay-developed input filesand maximizes the selected objective function. A "C" program and EXCEL macro portion ofRelay are used for extracting and transferring OSL decision variable values to the appropriateareas of the ECO spreadsheets.

OSL OPTIMIZATION SUBROUTINE LIBRARYINPUTFILES

I I Right.Index handfile side

Lfile

Otimized. Values for.

ECO #I

- DataRelay Results data transferred * Cellsdata to Excel spreadsheets * Logic

extractor <

ECO #n

Figm-e E-4. RIM Processing Step 3-OSL Processing and Extracting Results

E-5. GENELAL UESCRIPTIONS OF ECO S7READSHEET DATA AND

PROC S LLDGIC

a. General

(1) RIM was structured to detemdne the optimum ECO and site-specific investmentstrategy for maximizing any one of four possible alternative objective functions. Whileoptimizing the selected objective function, the model also specifies the resultant values foreach of the three alternative objective functions not selected for optimization.

(2) The values of nonselected objective functions are likely sub-optimized as a result ofthe model's focus on the primary objective function. These nonselected objective functionsmay be optimized during successive model iterations within a hierarchy of constraintsimposed by preceding optimizer results.

(3) RIM output specifies the total as well as the ECO/site-specific economic andenvironmental impacts of investing in ECO. RIM resu!ts represent the optimum Armyinvestment strategy for investing in a range of pre-selected ECOs among severalpredetermined sites in the manner which maximizes the objective function.

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b. Spreadsheet Proper. A separate ECO spreadsheet program containing site specificECO performance and cost data, operating logic (equations), and cells for decision variablevalues was prepared for each ECO evaluated in the Model (47 spreadsheets for the base caserun). A sample ECO spreadsheet is illustrated at Table E-1. Descriptions of the specific ECOspreadsheet elements provided below are keyed to the indicated portions of the sampleillustration.

. Item # 1, This column identifies Army sites for which data is displayed.

. Item # 2, "Init Cost 1 Percent Invest." Initial (one-time) cost of implementing a 1percent increment of the designated ECO at the indicated site. This cost is expressed inFY 93 K dollars and is derived from data reported by CERL. The use of 1 percentrather than 100 percent is a data scaling consideration. Current scaling permits a 34.5percent decision valuie, for example, to be returned from the optimizer as 34.5 percent.

- Item # 3, "Annual Energy Say 1 Percent Invest." The annual energy savings resultingfrom a 1 percent implementation of the specified ECO at the indicated site. Energysavings are expressed as-thousands of Mbtu and may be positive or negative accordingto the ECOs' net overall impact upon facility systems.

. Item # 4, "Annual Demand Say 1 Percent Invest." The annual kilowatt savings forelectrical demand charges resulting from a 1 percent implementation of the specifiedECO at the indicated site. The cost of electricity is, in large part, determined by thetime of day during which the electricity is consumed. Electricity consumed during theutilities' peak demand hours usually costs significantly more than an equal amount ofelectricity consumed during off peak hours. Because the rate structures used fordetermining demand charges are so complex and vary widely among servicing utilities,these annualized demand rates were developed for use in analysis. This data elementwas reported by CERL.

Item # 5, "Annual Envir Say 1 Percent Invest." The annual amount of reductiom: inatmospheric pollution resulting from a 1 percent implementation of the designatedECO at the indicated site. The amount of atmospheric pollutants abated is expressed asshort tons (STONS). Specific pollutants included in this data element are sulfurdioxide (S02), nitrogen dioxide (N02), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (C02),particulates, and hydrocarbons. This data element was reported by CERL andconverted to a percentage value for model processing,

Item # 6, "Percent Left from Start." Percent of opportunities remaining to beimplemented for the designated ECO measure at the indicated site. This data elementexcludes that portion of the indicated ECO measure estimated to have already beencompleted (implemented) at the indicated site at the start of the planning period. Thisdata element was derived by applying the results of CAA market penetration surveysto ECOs provided by CERL.

- Item # 7, "Investment Percent Limit Logic." This item contains constraints that limitthe ECO investment to the potential at the start of the planning period.

- Item # 8, "Annual Cost Savings (1 N\rcent Investment)." The annual operating costsavings resulting from a I percent implementation of the designated ECO at theindicated site for the indicated year. Annual cost avoidance/savings are expressed inFY 93 K dollars. Ammal cost avoidance projections represent the total net cost impactwhich is estimued t occur from a 1 percent investment in the ECO. As appropriate,

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this cost data was adjusted during pre-processing analysis to reflect alternative pricingand inflation assumptions (e.g., fuel price increase of 3 percent above the inflationrate).

. Item # 9, "Decision Cells-Percent Investment." Contains the ECO investmentdecisions generated by the optimizer (OSL) in Step 3. Optimizer investment decisionsare shown as an incremental percent (not cumulative) by year at a given site.

. Item # 10, "Cumulative Percent investment above the starting level." Contains the logicfor calculating and displaying the cumulative results of implementing annualinvestment decisions generated by the optimizer in Step 3 and reflected in Item # 9.Values are expressed as a percent of the total number of ECO opportunities at a givensite.

- Item # 11, "Annual implementation costs." Cells contain the program logic forcalculating and displaying the annual cost in K dollars of implementing optimizer-generated ECO decisions (Item # 9) at designated sites.

- Item # 12, "Annual Energy Savings." Cells contain the program logic for calculatingand displaying the annual energy savings resulting from implementing optimizer-generated ECO decisions. Energy savings are displayed in thousands of Mbtu.

- Item # 13, "Annual Demand Savings." Cells contain the program logic for calculatingand displaying the annual electrical demand savings resulting from optimizer-generated ECO investment decisions (Item # 9) at designated sites. Electrical demandsavings are based on reductions and/or shifts in electrical demand pattern and may notbe directly related to amount of energy consumption. Demand savings are expressed inkilowatts (kW) of electricity.

- Item # 14, "Annual Cost Savings." Cells contain the program logic for calculating anddisplaying the total annual cost savings in K dollars of implementing optimizer-generated ECO investment decisions (Item # 9) at designated sites.

- Item # 15, "Annual Environmental Savings." Cells contain the program logic forcalculating and displaying the annual short tonnage of atmospheric pollution reductionresulting from implementing optimizer-generated ECO decisions (Item # 9) atdesignated sites.

c. Post Processing. Initial data postprocessing is done using a "C" language program andExcel macro to extract and transfer RIM results to areas of the ECO Spreadsheets. Thiscreates the output version of ECO spreadsheets which includes results. These postprocessingdata elements are described below as P1 through P7.

- Item # P1, "Data: Quantity Fixtures/Opportunities." This data expresses the totalnumber of ECO at the specified site to include any portion of ECO which may havebeen previously implemented (as identified by market penetration surveys). This datawas provided by CERL.

- Item # P2, "Logic: Percent FY 93 Penetration." This logic element expresses thepercent of the total ECOs which have been previously implemented at the specifiedsite and, as such, are not available for implementation in the model simulation. CAAdeveloped this data from market penetration surveys.

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. Item # P3, "Logic: Quantity FY 93 Penetration." This logic element expresses thequantity of the ECOs which have been previously implemented at the specified siteand, as such, are not available for investment by the model during simulation. Thisvalue is the product of the total number of ECOs (PI) and the percent of existingmarket penetration for that ECO (P2).

- Item # P4, "Cumulative Quantity Penetration Above the FY 93 Penetration." This logicelement expresses the annual cumulative quantity of additional ECO investment madeby the model during simulation. This value, which reflects model investmentdecisions, cannot exceed the total number of remaining ECO, (PI value minus P3value).

. Item # P5, "Quantity FY 93 Penetration by ECO." This logic element expresses thetotal quantity of ECOs which have been previously implemented at all sites addressedin the study. This value is the sum of all values appearing in Item # P3.

- Item # P6, "Cumulative Quantity Penetration by ECO Above the FY 93 Penetration."This logic element expresses the total number of additional ECOs implementedannually during model simulation. These values are the annual summation for allvalues appearing in Item # P4.

- Item # P7, "Cumulative Quantity Penetration by ECO." This logic element expressesthe cumulative total number of ECOs (in "eaches") implemented annually to includethe amounts for preexisting market penetration and annual model simulatedimplementation. These values are obtained by adding the amount of preexisting marketpenetration (Item # P5) to each annual value expressed in Item # P6.

E-6. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS OF MAIN (LINKING) SPREADSHEET DATAAND LOGIC

a. General. The main or linking spreadsheet contains the logic (expressed by equations)for applying the model objective function and for imposing budgetary constraints duringprocessing. This spreadsheet provides the operator/decisionmaker with a centralized methodfor selecting and uniformly applying objective functions during model processing. It alsoallows appropriate operating constraints to be set without having to alter the structure, data,and formulas of the individual ECO spreadsheets.

b. Spreadsheet Proper. This paragraph discusses the main spreadsheet except for thepost processing portion. The descriptions below are numerically keyed to the indicatedportions of the spreadsheet sample illustration appearing at Table E-3. Some items involvingenergy, demand, or environment sivings are omitted, when they are similar to described costsavings items.

- Item # 1, "Fraction for Cost Savings Rolled Over." This is the fraction of the dollar costsavings (Item # 6 ) which will be retained and applied to fund implementation of ECOprogram measures the following year.

- Item # 2, "Annual Investment Funding Limitations (Budget) in K Dollars." This givesthe annual dollar amounts that are prograrnw -d and budgeted for ECOimplementation.

- Item # 3, "Weights for Objectives." These four data elements give the weights of thefour components of the objective function.

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. Item # 4, "Multiple Objective Function," This single cell item shows the value of theobjective function. (The actual formula contained in the cell is shown in Table E-4.)

- Item # 5, "Total Annual Investment Costs." This logic field expresses the total annualdollar investment amounts in K dollars. The model determines these amounts bysumming the annual ECO investments of Item # 10 below.

- Item # 6, "Total Annual Cost Savings." This logic field expresses the total annual costsavings in K dollars which are generated by model implementation of ECO measures.The model determines these amounts by summing the annual cost savings by ECO ofItem# 11 below.

- Item # 7, "Grand Total Cost Savings (in K dollars)." This single cell item contains theformula for the sum of the annual cost savings.

- Item # 8, "Annual Budget + Cost Savings Rolled Over from Previous Year." This logicfield calculates total annual budgets available for funding ECO measures by addingany assumed rollover of cost savings generated through implementation of ECOmeasures to the programmed/budgeted amount of Item # 2 above. The modelcalculates annual rollover amounts by multiplying annual cost savings by the assumedrollover factor of Item # 1. It is important to note that the model only begins togenerate cost savings for ECO measures in the year following implementation.

- Item # 9, "Enforcement of Cost Limit (Annual Budget + Previous Year's CostSavings)." This logic field imposes total annual budget constraints during modelsimulation to available amounts as shown in Item # 8 and displays any unused annualbudget amounts.

- Item # 10, "Total Annual Investment Costs by ECO." This field displays the totalannual investment cost for each ECO. The main spreadsheet extracts the data in thisfield from respective ECO spreadsheets (Table E- 1, Item # 11).

- Item # 11. "Total Annual Cost Savings by ECO." This data field displays the totalannual cost savings generated for each ECO. The main spreadsheet extracts the data inthis field from respective ECO spreadsheets (Table E-1, Item # 8).

e. Post Processing Part. The main spreadsheet elements described below in Items # PIthrough P3 concern the post processing of model results. These descriptions are alsonumerically keyed to the indicated portions of the spreadsheet sample illustration appearingat Table E-3.

- Items # P1. "Cumulative Quantity Penetration by ECO." This logic field expresses thetotal annual cumulative ECO quantity implemented, including the opportunitiesinvested in before the model planning period.

. Item # P2. "Ctmulative Quantity Penetration by ECO Above the FY 93 Penetration."This logic field expresses the total annual cumulative ECO quantity implemented, notincluding the opportunities invested in before the model planning period.

E-9

CAA-SR-93-7

- Item # P3, "Percent of Final Penetration." The logic field gives the annual cumulativequantity penetration (above the penetration before the planning period) divided bycumulative quantity penetration (above the penetration before the planning period) inFY 05 (the last year of the planning period). This item gives an indication of the rate aswhich the ECO are implemented.

E-7. CONCEPTUAL REMARKS ON THE ECONOMY OF SCALE (EofS)SPREADSHEETS. Table E-5 and Table E-6 contain the value and the formula viewsrespectively of the prototype EofS ECO spreadsheet. This spreadsheet illustrates themodifications necessary to implement an economy of scale methodology where investmentcosts per item decrease after an initial investment. For example, instead of one set ofinvestment decision cells, the EofS ECO spreadsheet contains two sets. Investment decisioncells contain annual percent investments, that is annual investments as a percentage of thetotal investment opportunities available before the initial implementation of the ECO. In anEofS ECO spreadsheet, one set contains the annual percent investments at the initial higherper item cost. The other set contains the annual percent investments at the lower per itemcost. The EofS ECO spreadsheet also contains annual binary variables that preventinvestment at the lower cost before fulfilling the quantity investment requirement at thehigher cost. The technical details of the mathematical formulation implementing this appearin Appendix D. The EofS main spreadsheet is similar to Core main spreadsheet in that itobtains information from ECO spreadsheets. The value and formula views are given inTables E-7 and E-8 of the prototype EofS main spreadsheet. It obtains information from justone EofS ECO spreadsheet.

E-10

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 1 of 8 pages)

I A I I I C 1 0 1 a 0 I i I K L SI2X4111. Us Frawesm Lkgme"0 Pa5.61 .m m__ FRG- 190M30 SW6464011 H~lil001: 1k= n 00 oo Osdomn mCmR ionY 414 f &s by 0000000

Cd CT5w~sw 1I O. 9Mb WinR ¶009.43 showd 1001imat by10

4 Cas 1810641wffi 4 1Y.sabp6 um ON US44ivdd 1000ellLii

Cd16 4"0 ...wwo 191W"1"ga ; 60 lawU.m 4m 6560946446e y0

1, 46.55641 0.517006 44.6631 leg.96M5 63 0am a .38536 0.503118114 561014133 303.03632 as 064.2674163 0.44680414 SI.536441 134.60751 Is 0P.3630 44,41144 0301470 36,361941 W5775136 IPjam IM345 o. 0369111 71.044" 365.6553 as16J G6.UM4? 0.7437111 $6.633733 14s.s36sa 65am 10.434446 0.1560634 t4.613667 14,634626 a5 00lam 0 C 0 0 0 011123 32.399130 0,3561941 31.0`16523 66.66I110 as 0mom 34.1 7666 0.4001337 34,226367 04.941171 as a

two 41,238244 0.07$66 34,766633 "0.arms3 55 0IFF- 53.701374 0.3163*76 454666933 66.3*2716 6s 0Ili=* 414.17777 0.1087644 39.6854 112.31134 65 0Im 47.746226 0.4774159 46.001067 14.50133 as 03

%M0 0 0 0 0 0mum 20.7061I5 0.4177412 11.46 56.35346 a5 0as 66.565746 0.6473666 66,54366 100.14305 5W=3 70.431M 0.61166011 74.4t26 2114.467411 5 00Pia 40.156073 0.3467=65 36.3335 30.363465 Is 0SMI 483.21312 0.43041336 $.7634 63.05066 of 0ONO 40.374,11 0.7544543 40.005333 1611.5145 65 021.602 41.4686400 0.173264 $7,4576 W066346 56 0J001 U.6044"6 0.6655143 40.4553 56.10156 65 0o5Ja 70.361347 0.732656 44.3*4447 373.64603 65 01um 35.315657 0.38301114 35.566" ft.446551 66 0pUri 44.744411 0.430617 45.0676 6to51 65 a

Mm 46.0641164 0.61261111 47.667467 166.601116 a65 0P674. 0 0 0 0 0 0

US _ 6.707037 0.55621364 53.679467 166.6066 G5#536M 5.300033 0.063057 6.6 11.60636 so 0

C~ COMM667 0.14`1465 6.656" 24.992$80 a6a 0FDU.. 3.5567352 0.0481136 4.3113 10.491074 as 0-M 0 0 0 0 0MA1 4.170032: 0.0635366 7.3676 21.5033134 66 0113O 24.124277 0.41"966 23,443733 31.151004 as 011 : 7.3001441 0.0601341 7.0037333 65.366646 as 0

*m 4.1861864 0.0340&34 3.91156333 6.450036 661 010.35 5.0736636 0.05631 16.4106 14.1S13N6 a5 0?5.AI '1116214118 0.01,0711 I.13403"3 5.63366 so 0

5LL .3017391 0,0667353 6.610536 111.05711111 65 0mm 17.11644" 0.1144*4111 1islet" 46.32156" 6 0

mom4 66.71"60 0.20464,44 33.3566? "A"M63 66 047.733640 06614566 AGA4l4135 l44.34010 65 041 6.5307310 0.0736345 614.416 156.14414 66

P~mV 21.730109 0.110669 15.65626 14.421946 6530 s.504661s 0.1333651 2.41"6 44.16630 66 0

0.M, 6.76433410 0.0115006 6.5366 16.606660 66NM - 31.915563 0.6643797 6,11110135 1111.48147 6jsn 4.563"07 0.6064133 611.61144 06.641314 is 0

117764. 466 1111 07 1.5019 42 =.763

ln loft ofdowmMM 1ON 00% detWs by I00V00am6 Im . mo 66 01 s m uwIs -a uuo 666 a IM Wbm am

50.346011 21.3466 3054651.34 6661,1 113M66 91,143% 31.3466 30,3456 31.M3 21.5455 21.34169 21.34690cow i 1.094434 13.695641&05644U 18.60644 1M0611434 1801.65484 13.464864 03516434 15.66634 0365434 13.694434 1356'0434

wm 10.3066 10.3065 10.s06 Wall"6 10.305 I0.3068 Wll 10 401111 10.805 0036 030.365 10.3055 10.3085OWN 016716751 19.77413? 01.71411? 15 ,77675? 4-774187 10.77675 19-717077 If.77675 1I.776737 111477731 00.776737 IS.177637rim 0116.37111 63373 t$. .555779O 105.651377 6.653773 I5537 01.512775 44 M 6.58677 le.63I773 15.653177 16.62g77 15.26,77rim? 11.1171364 211I7633 21.1753121 61.075665 11.1711511 11.168113 11.1751111 30.07565 21.175353 2I.175625 230.76253 21,1758530ima 191914441 161916441 Is6.l5644I 16.556441 1605.564 06.3164441 1 244 16.566 210,1441 16.988440 16.5620441 16.904411 19.1664401

56 9.080456s #.64204410 5.22840111 0.0841169 *.6M40m 9.6611140169 3.065406 9.6$34065 9.0814069 5.6334065 S,053406050.0134061lam 0 6 0 6 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0NO 6.567604 6.6576605 6.11476604 .486W766 6.6653453650 6.4011 6075606 .6104 S.71 .687666 6.6675606 6.51766s46,9$54704WOOL_ Wesels56 100.3622100.Malleable 0.I56I53 15.33636 100.25162 10.5363 10,4351312 10.93112111 10.036651 10.936125 10.53sits1111141 5.74734608 6.7473N40 6.7413405 6.7413403 6.7473463 5.7473403 6.7073402 5.7475401 0,74134011 6.7473401 6.74734M 6.7473403IWUM. 14.5371672 06.466736 15.4412311 16.667367 16.441247 06.36736 16,647207 16.667367 I5675 5.6671.66737 15.44172471335 6.21144615 6.26440111 6.364666 6.614661 0.8646"10 6.33l"'446 114 6 a645 06.640651 6.346660l 5.146 I .64351 6.3346560paw Mas 1.64 11100. 418 11.3147400 0.367r46 11.357451 11.361462 11,387462 11,3874U3 11.3U7402 1,387452 MUM 1.34301.380112

a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04064 005763 01765 103766 06731 0.3735 0.1716 031 05 0 7616 00.17als 10067306 10037303 10,5761:1

E-11

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 2 of 8 pages)

A 1 0 1 P i *1 4 1 0 I K I . Igo"m 3&.349919 33.385819 34-449919 33355815I 33.358991 33,356815 33.399919 3&369919 33.38019 033.199915 343.26519 33.361619

OWS 27.523141 27.623M5 27,823761 27.623761 27.583751 27.maSTs¶ 27.583V61 MIAMI75 27.58271 27.683741 214623161 27.02376;"in 7I,?: tow 17.11U66S m7.1556 milem86 17.1 lo 566 is 17.158 1,1146605 I7.114146 1.116865 I7.115855 M116356 I 17. I6ISM

ism 665 *.5586817 U*ss 4a. 1~sss .68"847 5.665885 6.666667 0.800,4241 9.5n"887 9.605201 6.56685 9.55625G m 1218754,40 10.7441444 11.701044 12.75848" 8.7588 12.766445 IL1576484 3LO 2.4441.76581756 ,55450 18.116045 12.741s44

HOWN 15,075154 12.076154 1L4711704 5.076764 50Q71674 12.011714 12.071874 13.076714 18.075754 11.074714 3.047$74 12.07475:&ami 6L43850" 1,43658 11.436164 1S.481858 14.4118526 16.435610 10.43518116.4355 18II.4305855 6.436856 16.438285 1$.433255IP.X= 61506 4 16.165858 4 .1014016 16.18806 ILS G1.121046 14.1211414 M12.14410 ;616AS06 M16.106 I&I2558 14.125046 1S.12606:

6011110 86$59 4.1461014 6.5463004 *4554M L34664O 8468661144 6.2468658 5.20#4615 6.2461194 6,3421,65646.24631104 6,2462194win I.666178 0.6140172 1.8658171 9.658172 9.0418512 *.166178 9.5446172 0.64"172 I.5558172 1.6401172 913655172 941651172

IM.4I65 10.44033 10.403 M4003 14 .48 10.40M 4 14MO 464113 M640033 10.4468 10.40523 t0.40034 10.40033 10.400339.858. 0 0 4 a a 0 0 a 0 0 a a

13.173306181W72000 W13.20% 12L173M0 18L17320 12.173504 W73.806 13.113304 M3173304 13-1733(6 MI.13306 13.173306M 1$341.1883667 I Sell GOT 1.68157 1358217 I.5581567 I,683 O1 iS66 7 1. 31167l531647 185131641 136531S47 1.3031667 t.653156

1.558 LOSS LS8 1.60,04 1.8004 Close8 1,66 1.18901 .5588 .01911 .668 t.81112 140902* 585.3 0.5114"1 04564361 0.658881 0.959"21 0.5866 0.58636 0.960051 0.51361 0.918391 0610361 0.1683$1 0.585311

0 6 0 0 a a 0 0 0 a a 0Sao 2.066422.656 2.0640443 2.065584 2.055664 2.06"664 9.066683 1.000554 2.0685041 2.0591543 2.0665643 2.0465643

.133 6,5268 6. 1253 6.4025331 .5112833 962535M 6.0833M .522588 6.583888 8..1383= 6.023633 4.023433 4.02:183315 1.10441461 l.$Mto56 1.1$586 1.10410101 1.994,0061 1 ASSAM6 1.56640161 1.10619281 1.95419261 1.10$4241 1 6166261 t.5640261"Ot .SII688 1,6516848 1356168S 1.8514963 I.SSI6553 1.651063 1l.4614963 1.5516563 1.6815558 1,3516943 1.5616943 t,5810943

MAWD 1.0141049 1.0141046 1.5851046 1.4851040 1.6141049 1.0851040 t.6861046 1.688045 114141040, 11.651045 116841049 1.6541049KW~i 0.3244676 0.22441170, 0.2244414 0.2246476 0.2244476 0-324667% 0.2244676 0.28844675 0.2245876 0.3246874 0.3244676 0.2246676

MA _ 1.082904 1.0121034 1.0685034 1.0421434 1.0889034 1.0811036 1,062103A 1.0686034 1.0820034 *.0626034 t.0$29034 1 002903411.96155 11,61664 11.51154 11,01654 11.91164 11.6164 11.61654 1111I$64 11.11144 11.51154 11491864 11.21l54

*68 23.6474 25.40574 23.68114 23.44174 23.46674 23.44974 23.44074 23.64074 22,.66974 23.66674 23.65574 23.65974BR 1ifsl21.41 4956 21.411068 21.41056 6 21.410 895 21,410515 21.410 01 2. 1056 214MOOSS 21.41061 21.410969 21.410955 21.41095

NNW 31.236575 31.238075 31.238871 31,2361176 31.236676 31.235576 31.238576 31,886175 31.235971 31.236575 31.235970 31.236978Omm 13.64"1541204 1 SM 1 3.514 13.64414 13.6"4164 13,641414 13.644164 13.604134 13.604*4 13.606154 t 3,404154 13.6041 $4

Mik 6.850555 6.51066 .los6es 5.550695 5.b60616 5.5504644 5.66055$ 5.8106656 5.300691 $1.5960486 $,$l055e6 5.590606511 11 1.4211086 1,447059 1.421016 1.470159 1.497055 1.437065 1.427065 1.402069 1.487065 1.4210$t 1.427056 t 42705

vm -13.4#2236 13.42836 13.491130 12.4581136 M41 234,82 2.4323 13.401236 I.4AM83 13.493234 13,492234 '3.492226 '3.492236FAA _ 11.843144 11.437084 11,431414 11.427414 MUT.6373 11.937484 11,537`424 11.437484 11.637424 11.637424 11437424 '1.637424

fth am66 Slow mm ft61164546 69 m am 6 4056WO6m 41,201" $41421105 541.29116 141.20185 141.29166 $41.23166 S41.291$$56~ $~ $41.21161 S41.29166 141215 41. 5 56 41 26165

N#54 twol lNle t,67 I,55 -twos pp , NOOpa oval fO3PO0I 0 46 a a 0 a 0 a 0 0 00m a 65 a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 IS 0 0 0 a 0 0come 0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 av.iv 0 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0rimz 0 is a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0aSig= 0 66 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 0asaell0s 0 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0LIONS0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0s= 0 s5 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 01440 0 IS 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a 0Ism5 0 0 0 i5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0MAMO 0 so 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0rimE 0 a 0 466 0 0 0 0 0am0 0 a 0s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

am 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 a5 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0ofs aI 0a 0 0 0 0 00WS a 6 0s a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0"0n a 6 0s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

On= 0 0 4S 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 13ONW0 0 0 s6 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 0

Now5 0 0 is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 aa 0 12.36527 ?2.733706 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

rim0 0 0 a 0 I6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a0o 0 a0 0 as 0 a a 0 0a

"ins 0 0 0 is a 0 0 a 0a 000 0 is 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0a

F, SMI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a0 0 0 38.33741 $2,44466 a 0 a 0 0 0 0

mew0 II 0 0 0 0 0a 00~ Is 6 a a 0 0 0 0

N3.30 6 0 0 a a 0 a 0 0 aWIN 0 Is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a

MMU0 66 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0lm0 5 of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

a~ 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a0A 6a 0 0 0 0o 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 Is AJM 0 0 0 0 $6 0 a 0 0 0 0 00as 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Do I 0 0 0 a 0 0

E-12

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core E&' Sp, eLýsneet - Value View(page 3 of 8 pages)

-A S 0 1 1 0 I P 1 K I4i 0 0 0 01 0 a 0 0 0 0 0

50 0 0S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a0 0 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 aa

S0 0 0 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

0 0 0 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

II4

(4 tra fil 1% II InI II" IV" 111,", IS04 SU

VISION 0 ,8 IS ,, 5, ,S Is ,, ,| 65 'a a s a as is m e as ii is It-I 0 0 0 0 AS S, AS 5i 65 65 65 85

F.{IH 0 II I5 66 56 II AI AS IS 55 65 65

mall0 ?5 II II as is is I 8 65 6 6aju0 SI IS Ii SO IS 65 55 86 65 IS a$I

t a a a a a 0 0 0 0 a aS0 0 I 55 45 56 S I4 4I iS IS 85

a I 81 a• AS 55 Is I' as Is ss0 as 6 I 6 55 65 55 66 IS 5I 65

ar ~ 0 , asa 6 m a s a s a-. II 0 I 55 ,4 *• 65 56 5I 65 46 6I 65

a0 0 0 I * I I '

S 0 8l .1' 51 .5 65 56 II 45 5.l iS 65

0 45 '5 65 65 a1 56 II I Sl 85 6mua a a 5 P 5am isas ¶ aso a* 0 0 II I 55 55 6I SS dl Si AS

is *I of 46 65 65 6I0 12.264107 go A" .I AS II 5 A 65 P0 0 0 &. AS A1 5I 55 56 as II I0 110 0i II 65 51 11 11 as as as.

a 0 I 43 55 11 55 55 65 l5 I! 6.a 0 31 a a a 0 aIII II %I sI 1I 46I It.

Iaa a1 1 32.5 I s aaa ~ g aas8 ' 1 66 a s a ~ aFDJa Is. n 5 a qis 5 55

uaa a a a a a aWIJF0 5 5 A 5 6 5 A 6 65 1:'

0 so a" A II II II I I 65 a IIa 5 0 0 11 11 It 65 AI 55 II Ita a a a s 5 m a s 6 5 6

65I AS 11 51 11 55 55 66 II I{ 55 56Rom is as AS is is 65 55 II 65 1 Is

It of II I I I I I I I I Is IIAS 6 60 6I II 5I 56 60 5I ii II IS

L 0 a I I I I I i i 1 I0 a 5 65 55 I I 65 66 61 IS 61

MA M0 0 0 0wnI 4 a"LM : 0•ll a 0a a a aOINION a 1sCOM 0 0 a a40750 0 0

r 0 3707.224 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 arma 1774.14401 a* 0 a a a a I

vimn a 7085570, 0 0 0 a a 0 0 aVA 151604178 a 00 0 0 0 0 1

UI a a . a a 0 0 0 a a 0 aS 0 314 #ast 0 0 0 O0

E.13

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 4 of 8 pages)

A I a T- a I P I O a I i H I 4 L I ga 0 03404.7425 0 a o 0 0 a

66"'4417 a a 0a ) 0 0 a7.58.5 a 0 0 3 0371.1105 13 0 0 0 1

0m a0401.1 a1 0 a 0 0a 0 aloo 0 a 0 0

0 13.77 0 0 0 00 a 0 0 a 0am a38.U 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0a

prn0 361.3011 0SC4 0 0a 00340.70 0 0a 0 0

0& 0 a06131.4601 a 3 0 00n 0 40111.9U 0 0 0 0 0 '3 0 0 0

4 06.4.23742 356.1240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0F-=0 0 06402,41402 0 0 0 1 0 a 0 0

0 0 0 0 3001.61413 0 a 0 0 0 0aprim.5 0 a0 0363.l46 0 0 a 0 a 0 Ira 031.88 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0h 0 a 03o a a 00N- 0M23.747 34111.4603 0 0 0 0 0

Naim 0 0 460.18050 0 0 0 00W 0541.3240. 0 00 0 0 0* o

911440 a @32122240 0 0a0 0 0 0 00 10 0 0a 0. 001LN 43.95210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a0 2050.73311 0 a 0 0 01 0 a

i80 0 ft0.sl225 a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 30 304.22214 0 0 0 0 0 01 000N 0431.20, 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

LSJW 0 0 0 0 tol00.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 a0 0 o a38.64762 a3 0 0 0 0

tm 1451.30204 0 0o 0 ' 0 amaw 3W 18717 a 0 01 00 0 0 0 00 01

211488 0 0 0 0 0 0-a $31:.1118 0 a 0 0 0 0NU! 1047.7263 0 0 0 a 0 01 0 9 0 0 0

a 07441418p2 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0

0na 048005400 0 0 0 0 0 0e~~60~ss awga 0.,e6I m 6

Ihs..AS..C. 22M2.Sil 441177 M3IS.827 30402.76 19M2.0114 3754.1106 0 0 a

(The rWO fts Woo0 WOOI" MaWes.

AN)"'t~ 1Aq W0644P-" ..... yEt... Pvol 4,6 1 111 ,0 ,0 122 Ise 3 AU0 !zg4 NOS5

0II 0 a60.012070 68.13078 60.913079 60.613076 60.01307 69.013019695.119H7 41.013070 41.913079 49.0130790 0 45.4174.04617 43.94$17 43. 04111 43. 64611 43.04017 4 4..5461t 4 1.04417 43.9411 ? 43,94 ,.046070 0 0 0 4i.50810 41.68350 48,60084 42,600300 48.uss"0 '2.600308 45.608380 41.809369

0IM 34.1464 30-14161 34-.1446* 39.14644 36-14449 30.14849 25,14640 36.1484S 38.14440 30.14640 36.1-48490O 31:.4m14 31.4m554 31.446154 31-.414144 31.444540 31.06*140 31.442146 31,402$48 314452548 31.442$46 31,4632146

rim6 0 'a 981146 t Sfil"1?Lull.0 11407.954116 ?$1.01144 76.961145 71.0111144 75.061, A 4 $.o 46 filiall4 7.1 14 11460JI a1.785007 5.715147 13.75587 6&.721557 U.720847 43.72188 8756717107 0ul 3.72167 63.726187 63.721667

am0 13.2676123 14.207460 1.1457401 I&SOY481.1703 t l0S13211608 I3.86700 13.668l.2610 051 3.90 7601 3216 13,2111403 13.267003FAW0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0___0 0182.3460147 2$.340007t 26.3414107 25.340057 21.340087 28.349007 25.3405017 31.3404017 21.348017

u4034.0113671 .010 34,01l307 34.011 MY 34.01138 7 34.01136 7 34,011307 34 .0,1357 34.011367 34.01136? 34 0116?141367$ON 35.213753.1726 3 1.211S 32.2131 .2170 38.213716 3.131.32213726 32.313726 332131730 32,213721Prm0 SY.144015 a?2 -i7.140610 27,146814 27.410715867I,1 7,166610 21,144814 27.l456to 27,48415 2l, 1u461

F.1124 0 43.34"075 43.244076 43.244074 43.344076 43.344075 43.244076 43.2449760 0 46461100, 64.1461"0 40.160501 44.6412041 404161201 40.1611201 40,961201 404161201 40.561101 40 161201

0 0 0 000 0 303.0663.00036.500"5 31.50500 35.500004 3.64001ý 385046050 30.114060 34-.601600 31.6060651 36 806056

Su 17.160r.1"41 ?1.17756l ti.l7 760 1fl041 71.177661 M1 I765 "Set75 71,177 84l 7.75117,171,61 711177561 ?1 177461 ?1 1?7751am0 71.80725 71.14754 ?3.0072604 3.041161 73.007514 73.067215 ".0111808 73.007105 73.067291 ?3.067261 ?3,0672655

"is.0 0 601.4014310 10164501114 51.5462 20.edia 91441 2566 0.642141 35.045188 81.6448141 10.5451 u-.642362 *0.442202am0 6 37.2040074 37,38007 37.350070 31.3140976 37,350570 37,350076 37.310141 27351736" 373500076 37 380076dim0 0 0 ",.s5e60 64.5866 1.24.M68 5.,564064 "-.8o""1 84.206 0421406 44.259"s8 64.20606

Now 0 30.47885 30.011417 38,47514? 35,475507 38475567Y 36.471147 20.475007 35.475567 36.47216? 36.472107$,6075450 46.S811114 0,31714 44..111110 46.3570 81371$ 46,3417114 46.387116 40.357711 46,317718 46 367116

rim 0p~o 412811 6.800I 1064$ 1 0846414 1 "11015611 61.014 4.1001ls 418941461 41.39,1111 11213906Wteam S 30.0556 30,0"M0 341.041144 30.06050 30.005M308 0.90000 30.010306 30.0$9304

"in38 0W6INN064 38.35314t 30.080647 30.86867 38.90114?4 38060847 ANSI002 38.060047 38,060047RAM368600.036 1805 12.0630 65.0836 8.06815 Sa.05o58 12.0901113 62.053 62.008638

pal 0 0 8 0 0 0 a0 7.10473 46.05171 40.0567 441.$175 44,05176 40.317 440.6175 40.431710 4003W4

amo 0 1.374471 5.675476 1.376447 WW.12704 .7147 1.87541S 6.110416 1.17141$ 1.378441641.76471a 0 I.5$34" 5.0164 6-61`34 .658613 6.5344 6.6342W 6,08344 5.1034 5.651344 6,62344

306) 0 0 4. 140574 6.1401111" 4 14"Y74 4. 146741 44001744 4 140614 4.1400744 4 140176 4 '400144 4 1405744Wall)0 0 a C 0 a 0 0

wm0 640630 7.405311 7.04411309 040620 7040036 7040130 75406131 760406381 7040636 344535 ? 04053900 181114411 1 84361 l.20111 I11-25511 Is.11811 14236111 S .253l 1 16.130211 18220811 6024361 t 6 s226211

0 .204505 116.64140 5.244050 5.sm26413 6.3410 5.204160 6264668 1.244#0 1 264S064 % $45060 35505 0 63135 2 61155 03650*3 6553152 33305 2 53531 2562553 11223285 ! 553 s02§66

E-14

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 5 of 8 pages)

A 1 0 1 a I 54 I I I I C. 't I sSoilS 0*.374 .14304614 .7947341 C4.747340 C474736% 4,1147349 6J4164349 4.7841349 4,7147341 '7847349

a214 0 0 0 31012115 .172 01121171 t 0.051 1 @11272 0.0021372 0.09111111 0.1911272 0.0921272* 0 a 0 0 6492461104.928 4, 093304 4."120 4.11049 C91125044 4,0028041) 4,1018041 43320046

m 1.32064 it.31060I t,3310441 12103444 123100444 3204 12.32040 M S12.321110 12,310644 12.32004 qj.3004 2.3cum4NN1W 1.47060 21.ý4706 30.470030 2S.470161 21 470616 2$.470463 21,4706184 31.470414 28.470644 85.470026 U.410024 210470420

do oftua 4.403316 41.4011260 MI441310 40,4413 6 46,40311 40.4032010 44.4033141 44.40330 46.40332 44.40=126 40.40133204 04:40 5 406003M 6 .40.03411 40 4000M 44.6106M 46.6061 44.120361 46.490M6 40.M6600 46.90M06 40.600365 446.0034$

rxm MM"?14 13.140"4? t3.0604417 3460407 1.3,429167 M0.603441 IS.604147 13.0046647 U166467 13.46107? 13.660447 13.60146'

0 0 10.454747 16.664707 11,854M6 19.454167 76.664707 4-401477 1*,6684107 19.014717 11,164707 19,$4767a56 a a 5.3100307 1.33061 1.2280007 S.2280060 3.313060 L,31000 52284507 1.2260407 5.22305070 a 0 6041377 90.413774 $00,1137"4 SU.61577 50.313714 $0.913774 S0.413774 50,513774 $0.313774

a 1 40.010634 41,1460034, 42.9006134 41.0006 42.11110164 41LI6030 42.06004M 42.404343 42.060634

TOW0 13.90130 ft.62111 1143.631 1363.22116 14111.1641 5 34,4205 IS34.4215 1034.41101 IMAM431 IMA4M3 1534,4211 1534 4207ad 41. 16679.841lift gmeo am 9"u soe OWeq1 610. 000 ML'af

13 ANmu1 006'54 £461114

1,07 "a6 aI yf ,0 ,3 1 N04 NOam~ 0 06172.714 6171.73 W674471 0172.766 6172760164 21 6 172 2.6 617.73 61 72.733 4172.7660Sm a 4I17.372 4127.472 4127.672 4127.372 4427,473 4127.671 4117.872 4127.172 4137 872 4127 872

7@W0 0 0 0 4765.2633 4761.3593 4701.2603 4761.2633 4761.2663 4161,2603 0761,2003 4761 2093

mm0 64400,141 44611.5141 "U.15147 4446.614 4466,514? 4445.16,6 45,147 4401.5147 4,663,5147 4465,5147 A465.$14 7rJOKIII0 3334.0437 3304.0437 3304,0437 3364.04' ' 3314.0437 3364.,0427 3864.041? 3324.0427 3364 0427 3384 0427 3364 0421

P.10 0 0504,224 6104.124 410.4.224 6504.244 6104.224 6104.234 6104.224 0104.224 $104-224 6104.224 Glad 324Sim 0 4$74.5173 4074.5S13 474 875,1 4614.$173 4074,4M7 4174.1173 4074.5173 4014. 517?3 4074,5173 4674 573 4674 9773am 1109.1737 1313.1707 I2am.178? 12610.1707 200.1137 1206,1767 128111577 I210:1?67 125m.576?7 12591.777 I253,776 t230.1767umi 0 0 0 0 0 0 a . 0 a 0 0 0

IN0 a 0 2034063 24410,40113 2036 44033 26326.40 2330,4052 2636.4003 263.401O3 2138,4053 8333,4053$b=0 3070.402 30,4y 17 3079.4027 3070.4037 307.4027T 30711.4027 3070.4027 3079,4027 3079.4027 3079,4027 .3073.4027

160a 00 3306. 1 $9 32111.1603 3291.;500 320015603O 3995.1493 32141. 1603 3205, 14*3 3229,1013 3295.1693Itima 0 2606.3403 3441413613 UU6.383 3600.33113 36414.3003 31161.3613 3606.3413 36661.3003 3460634033 3666,3493 3660.3933W11090 0 0 0 0 33021.4414 23412.464d 3341&404 33612.444 23M.414 3362.404 3362.464

am 1) 0 3370.06107 3014.09067 391130017 3076.0007 32170-M073917.0007 3907.000? 3176.,00? 3173.0007 3971,007vo 0 a a 0 a 0 0 0 05 0 0 0

0 17111.6 :790.1 70. 27 00.68 2700. 6 3740.4 *700.Am' 2700.5 2703.5 2730.4 2760.65MGM $511.4247 141627501.4216 0631.4267 11411.62167 5601.6267561. 5 5661616 560162 Sl 27 1 40 37561L6267 Sf11.a267

0m m32.00 6115.06 616064052$5.066 633,506a 0331.053 631.04 M121.0041 6386.060 6328,066 6325.086P.m0 360862811 3606.353 3006.200 3006.266 30041.2441 3068.256 3006.284 3064.208 3068.230 30441.216 3085.216

Vieille 0 0 3341.404 3201.304 3385.504 3305.204 336t5.04 33011,04 31465.0 3301.104 3365.504 3311 504(912:1 0 0 0 5650.4833 5610.4633 5610.4833 5650.4133 5650.4633 5010.4533 5610.4133 810,4533 $610.45331

I 1410 a 0 3167.2n6 3141.294 3137.536 3161.2" 3147.294 31417294 3137266 31072366 3567 256 3167 2364um a~ 0 0.67677 4204.033 460.0321 4204.0=21 4204.0321 4304.0321 4104.0321 4304,0391 4204.0325 '5040327 4204 0321vim n 0 0 9413.4407 5313.1467 8513.5447 5553.5467 1813.5407 $313.5467 141354047 1153.5407 5613.5461L6w a 0 0 0 23121.770 2133.776 2133.776 2120,711 25391.7$ 2933.J76 2030,776 29339714"0m 0 0 3578.712l 3070.12 U071.712 337$.713 3317.711 367S1.72 3$5,1712 3873.752 3575.7i72

0 SI 4040.047 4040.6307 40404.64147 46441.634? 4040.6.36 4640,634? 4604.64347 40401.637 '04.6.347 4046.634?0- 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 1 a0 0 0 5743.3ft4 4076.7147 4373.7547 4670.7147 4179.7147 407 S1.74 4071,7947 4670.7147 A571.194?

IN8 m 0 476 476 476 470 476 647 476 476 473 476UP0 0, 194.044 604.046 694.044 194.044 584.040 334 0446 614046 104.040 $400 534 040

V16.x 0 a 327.362 317.914 357.052 U17.665 307.068 U07.9603 371 3 07.62 3P932 367.662 367.95*0 a 6 0 0 0 0 a a 0 a 0

NOW 0 616.8016 416.4916 614.4" 41.8 610.666 014.6 5.066 05603 056.666 016.336 656.636 616.6OMU0 1116.55 73 108A7 931 1231.1173 1621.1173 7620.1175 1*18.1113 let$. 17 M 5f1M,1173 1918.5173 7626.51173IM0 0 66031Y3530 111.31M 1$11.31133 $16.31733 $66,31733 $iG.31723 1116.31733 115.31133 133.31733 $96.31133

a 333.56533 3=34,433 332.14633 332.10033 33,1.6633 3321.61133 W3.S4523 333.50033 332.15633 332.86533 332.5453310)49 0 400.76" 400.70 440.1441 460.703 4411.7446 640.768 400.7611 140.7U 460.766 460.768 4410.761ULA. a 0 0 041.46011333 S4.449333 36.460333 06.406333 04.460333 664643333 %3.449333 $0.460333

a 0 0 0 963.42933 153.42333 653.41333 153,43033 933.42333 553.42633 153.42933 113.421331344.224 134A.224 1344224 344 324 1344,214 1344 234 1344.224 73.4 224 1344,224 53644224 7344224 1344 224

Now603 2744.2147 374,.6167 274".2M? 2746.267 2744.2967 2744 2607 27441.9947 2744.2687 5744,2367 2744 2667 2744 291Y 2744 36617S4331.2603 481,343.2 4216.2"30 42011,2493 4936.2663 456.,2033 4205.2663 4186.2403 4#01.2643 428.32693 4385,2803 49I6s.3033

$m 203.530 5206.530 5206.630 1204.236 1205.536 19501.36 $20S6.36 11205.134 1200.630 5205.530 520.5$36 8205.836I.N 141414427 7G.070. 167 70104447 10711.4417 1070.4417 4670.4"7 1670.4427 7670.4437 WO7.447 1670.442? 1610.4A27 '670.4427

0 0 57?40.2661 1740.2$6 5740.216 5140.216 1740.260 5740.256 1740.266 1740.210 17?40.214 f 740.216PW0 0 0 139.176 $36.776 866.77 M6.7741 653.776 566.770 63.77 6 458.775 56,J776

0 a 66607.61133 6017.8293 6017.6333 1027.62113 10#743213 SWAM.6 116427.1563 102i 5693 1027 6263O 0 6 4090.024 4300.614 4300.U14 4260.U4 436.624 4 .30064 43100.424 4360.624 4310.524

WMm31641m IWlelfut~ WO Uasd IN 0665 .mTow6 U5606.70 64843,644 966606.90 1131101 4 40440.- 59 43441-.64 148#11.610 1434111.411 "34os414 436011 of 143017 F0 142571104*ad e 14697116

In loft 6of668

9 IS 0 154 378 1614 373 1$14.3 1614 3733 7659116 767 3726111 1014,76 1 s4 .. told 16146 372 ?:4a7a0 I 0 e t5o"06 1144.1100 114.1669 15146.134141 1 W194.5 17141d466 d~l $'470 ,sA*,p '7 64,'966 !960'

as" 0 0 I3.j04746 676.010766 875.0046 075.66414 8754407.6 675 664 7 64 7 6746

u"0 7411502 One 5 0230 7605 0341 Olie 03 al 416 22 1611 ,00216 '655 0223 1665 10228 '667 0226 561 2 6 t 3222 '661 0123'010 73456250?71 134% 736 307 fats 8307 14557 24 830 .-I4 . ...'107 ' m4 %I0? 51V57 I~', 1

~:15

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 6 of 8 pages)

4 1 K 0 i 50 I g I L. I

1W 0 71.04 7.95 719.S608 1799..91111111 19T.6911111 171lie;9546 71l.I565 1711111994 1719.6165 171.799.9.44 M41596Ajim a 1600117411 '406.1471 140.7416 if1606 150.74 1116677 1604J.471 16011.7478 116041.7475 1406.147s 1606,4JO ti06.W47am 6530 75~ 74.41,718 06 .30 MING wi VOL"$$ 76$Lo6" 766.6905~e 74&65.6 ?"AM69 7?"65M ?"~ess F7496.169

* o 0S66.44 $55.445w 5ON 4426 565.446 518.4423 30510.14433 566.436*3 554S 24263 195.44263man ~ ~ 106.mm 0104165.454 110,4516 141 SU.416 1181.49416 036.40416 1119.404114 510.44416 119.45141 929.40416 929,41414

0IIIII 0 a 740,62398 743.53221 143.42391 MU M523 742,52206 743.51352 743.62302 743,51312 743.53353pri 0 141OL7164 14141.1134 1416L7194 1416.I194 141CI.7114 1416.11*4 1414.7194 1416.7194 1416.7104 1411.711% 1414.7114

4- a.2 0 0 a 0 0 148.4160011 132.46060 523.40 $331.410011 531.40101 533.4301 532,49"01amw 0474014104 $67.125461 11111.94136111.9346 1041.93301 94114344 $111.9335441 97.32346 067.51346 167.93346tee a 0 a 0 0 a 0

40 $".$?$61 804963751 536.3756 14.9763561 561173119 MIM154 11116.91741 5661.9m36 096.97361 8111.973401 MIMI732040111.1431 11634.1431 26311.1141 203111. 431 3636.1431 23111.1431 1310.11431 213111.11431 283111.14311 loll.14311 2135.1431 2038.143t

111111B ~ 0 2596.0117 231111110191 33416.0197 23116101197 2366.017 23114.0197 231111.0197 93114.01117 2345.01167 93454011? 2360.0197PIP-0101 0 1454,106 45.90066 1464.$M6 1454.900111 1464,90041 14114.60114 1404.401111 14111.0014 1404.91388 t464,100 14$4 2056

omu 0 0 6116.16664 8115.664W 815.3611114 116.064W 0111.56544 MASS664 M41.1644 $14.0654" 5116946" M1.955.*mu 0 0 0 10641.441 1056.565 10414.111541 $086.11651 101111.86111 1644116661 1086.44111 1086.4441 1486.6451"am0 0 1066.4941 1046.60411 10114.61141 1026.6341 1026.6501 1014.6041 1056.650 1036.6941 1026.4941 1426.4941

4mm ~~0 1111.33204 1311.56941 1411.59466 1311.156 1311.5166 1311.566 131111.566 1311'194411 131 C.Vale 1311.10441~ 121.ItesP.m0 0 0 1370.641111 1370,.311111 1370,6308 1310.4305 1310-630111 310.6305 3$70.6303 1370,43051 370.6305

to1w 0 a 0 0 53.,9364S 130.53541 130.12545 130,03846 030.93346 530.13451 530.13645 130.93541"inu 0 a 0 615111060 511441.10416 M1.104114 465.100116 811.14004 5116.104916 $16.10616 515.10061 4111.10494rim 0 0 844,71304 54.47131014 $64,19304 284.7$304 $54.7920 84 A 6.73 4424.71304 $64.74304 464,79304 $44.79304Fin&.1 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 040 0 0 425-.930 1119.7M 1119.731 1110.731 111It.721 1119.131 1119.731 fill5.7I1 119731

FO?0 0 12.133 2.01163% 132.01632 M 3.01632 132.01633 13 2,01632 131.01111 32 132.01162 53M 32 13t.01633 132.01322MWC0 1111.43% 161.432 161.431 161.433 MAU43 161.433 161.432 161,433 t01.433 161 432

Pau) 0 61.46=362 $1.463236 51.-40386 $1.4632386 51.-43231 111-436223 $1-4532334 411443236 61 4632335 I.463231raw0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0

0ov M7.13036 117.30366 177.39266 171.3113414 177.30344 117.333M 177:01386 7M.393661 177.9j66 177,364 M7 363550 75,521 756.9255 7346.296 795.5218 759.5315 7W35.352 1.26 7 5621 .11254 5..5 718,3356 75 5.5259m~m0 0 140,73072 163.72571 16.73472 1401731172 166.3173 IIIIII3615 t61,73172 1410-13472 169.73672 '6.735720 134.44426 134.44436 134.4446 134.44436 134.444346136.44406 134.43443 134-43441 134,44436 134.44436 134 44430

W.AW 0 140.250 4.3800 140.93 663 110&93901 140. 3355" 1400512 4.9U01 140.03692 140.53423 t40.93862 140.93602 140.930920LA a 0 0 10.066t43 19.0111443 l1.016743 19.016743 16096743 10.004743 19.094743 M1096743

¶0 0 0 0 14.6461111 02.0446111 U.046112 91.0447111190.044792 51.046712 01.046792 92.040712now 1011.6050 1011.10114 1612.34m loll.$2*4 10121112141 IMAM53 l012.5104 1012,82014 10112.42%04 12.8924 1012,9214 1012.4294"M9W 2013.6171 2013.4379 2013.6211 2012.4270 2013.0419 V0O. 44- 2013,6279 2013,6371 2013.6271 2013.6379 2013.6371 2013.0271

4 50261619,6316 MUM .21 to 11.9311 5 1611.03 15 0619.9015IMA 1519,9311A6 ,9I 1611,1315 11,3 19 1.1931% 1916.11316 1010.0315m 2I55. 313= 26"4.3M3 2018.3133 2965.3132 21168.31132 2111111.3132 24611431131 291111131133 25I1.31133 2455.3132 26653,332 2955 3133

00:01i 11416.3531 1106.3531 t1155.3631 1196W3136 14331 f 156 .3631 1155.501 316.31 lil5.3631 11584.413131 1164.3131 1116.3331 1154.3331a 0 41936645.22 646 4 75.23 648 47 5..2648 479.22 548 47.26 76.21044 4111,32644 '78.22640 479.22646 473.32944

OPPIC 0 0 0 '11.30M0 Il.30002 121.20002 Ill1.30051102 M 001 t21,30002 Ill .30M0 '21,320003 121.300020 0 a 114".9 144.6.4 1f414.6.4 1146.64 11440.114 1146.94 1146.64 1146.64 1144.440 0 0 9651101817 149.141107 186191117 940.114101 911,16107 6966116107 19.Ma?0 966,16107 949.1810y

,,M~lI5I4Iin f61111&666I 5W* VOW4 ill 515 FWleTowi L16~. 7164.136 39650.639 43911111311 46477.306 460011.607 44003.607 4000111401 460094607 46000.607 '6000 507 40009 907

(low- ON-5 m5955 a? OW W69100ft Sf 415m

4 I7-41%43 MUM443 17454.44 174NOM I A1744 I3 r$1454341 1f46414304 17454 43 17454:X434 17c4$4ý434MO 14444.13 t6401.1614 144026114 16640.1162 16402.162 1640.625 10401.102 f 402.19 1 U t "ilI2 '91643.102

0ý a 0 0 11204.047 17386.037 11216,06712007 17564.047 172$8,067 17210,0817 ?72%45617MAN a l14e 9 114111.646,1141111.446 t 411,45.46 11465.946 111418.446 1104.6660 11466.549$ 11444.64S 11496,641 t'146066441.0619 0 Hi-.Sao $45 1110.39319550.60 59600.093 5196,3211 6610.921 1550.029 11590.93 5910,930 M0952.9 0150.-929FilmW 0 1503.9,6 19421.48 16421.66 1041111.66 19431,5 15421.93 41*1420 19439.46 10420.66 s~e 19429,9142.68

5130 t6144.514 161"4514 16144.914 141"4.614 161"4414 14144514 16144.414 16144.914 15144 614 '6144$014 19144 6146519 1949.0346i 124$.034f 124S.13346 1149.0346 tI40.0346 1249.0346 1249.0346 1240.0344 4246.0346 1240.0346 '240 0346 '260 0346WaM 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0

0111 0 0 7274.2144 7174.094 7274.3944 7174 3644 72743044 7274 S1o4 7274 3064 7274 3944 12Y4 39440 6300.46901 9350.4006689150.4056 5350.4605 63110-4996 1350.4991 6330-49111 $360.49*6 43S0.4915 1310.401S 6390 41950 0 0 6434.6138 5438.&13 6439.6133 8434.5133 9434.0132 6436.9132 6476.5132 6438,5133 1143M.S1320 3407,4369 3407.4306 2407.4366 2407.4201 2407.4301 2447.430611 2407.4309 2407 4301 3407 4300 2407 4309 3407 '309

1310 0 a0 0 001610.26361 1164.116361 956.4906" 120119636 9196.0634 54666.636 11946.536OWN 0 0 11141111.12 11444.413 1114441.121 1U446.613 11444.612 111444.4112 11011415.12 111444.612 11445.102 11444.012

wm0 0 0 0 a 0 a a 0 a 0 00 4110.04"1 11190.6441 6190.0441 6110.04"1 4100.6441 $190.0441 8190.0441 61010.041 4190.6441 811114.04.1 11190044t

55151 002231 141274219 16017.2310 1111017.319 f691.110 I637231 1611147.310 1#01117.20 16037,239 '6537 230 '95n7 2391'0917 230am ~~0 10011.733 1007IIJ1.7 191111.1331101 .7fM 33 10407.733 101019.133 19171.133 11071.733 t"770.!33 t"071.133 15071.733

win0 0 260,4.927 266.6.527 3140.6131 6005 1660.4931 2560.493957MI 2100,80t1 1"L6950 37 2540.6627 2S8046137 2650.9937mU0 0 7562,7066 766.7966 7062.1068 M1061.70111 7065.705 70612.70861 T062.17045 7062.7015 7062.7055 7002.7065

xmU a 0 0 t5143.132 tG435.725 15418,732 16416731 1641118733 15436.732 15426.732 '9426.722 15429.732141113411 0 0 601-1112.10 &@63.103 459.066 655"2.9 441111.11131 41168-0#931 443162-121 0463.99U 6162.1632 45561.132.142 a 0 0.62331 14111.-67 "0.407 59"1146.6 565,67 446.96 14111.-4? U6.68414 16.67 $61656.567 l5s6 967liaW a 0 23910.913 1311119413 33159.113 23598.913 23316.913 232$9,913 222549,13 23219.9113 23259 013

OM0 a 0 0 $463.1t50465413,1006 9403.1406 6453.116011 463.1605 5443.1104 6493 10146653A1006piea 0 0 7M960451 ?0004#166 7o'060,492 M060493 0 60.42 7050.t TS4926 7060'491$ 7050.45. '50 4939

UWE a 0 13601 216 1810411-1 12501.216 12801.216 121401 216 1211.215 12601 216 11301 216 i2501 2,19 1. 101 t1611.320 0a 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 19$1, 1666l 19 'j46174f.r764 196, 6414677$4 tp1574 IS4.764 11457 754 t$41 7 764 154?7 4 46" 644515?0 0 1325.4673 1315,4073 1396,4671 132C41173 1326.4573 122,413 t2.4573 1321,4073 '236. 4573 '3 147 335 &6731

0 m- 0 2134 04S 16 433 1439 15 6922 6322 3991 X212 3619 312 3659 J124 3459 2124 ]69,

E-16

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core ECO Spr~eadsheet - Value View(page 7 of 8 pages)

A I ai 1 0,1 0 1 a I F 1 6 1 W I I I i i.183 65'1.416 6ll,.7416 491.7416 191.741: 191.74104 491.7414 64.1.74106 Itl74l 11. 4 91II 74160

IO 214,68 WILMS ¶V.11326038 28041.31M 2684 6 114,1114 20683 2114431113 2680.3663 2410.38113 2466.3533mE~ U ta~a te.I.h8.9104 2104.010, 2146.0160 681.910 :1M.91604 13114 as sto. 31161041 211630

WN 614.0a16 old.642 I 406031m 114,060I $14.66001 1I6.0666 $140866 614.666 Gl.0 l *,I0621 1I.01031NWp 0 110L411 l120. 11 1201.411 1IM6411 1114.411 1801.4t1 12N6.411 1904,411 12011.411 MIMI41 120S.41118.36 0 0 0 330.04,006 330.0860 330.06M6 330.1866 310.0S'0 330.00660 330.0160S 330.04605

a a t *. $34.404411 $310,61141111 1311.81146 11*61 93 9.18 La W6 920.49400 930.46414 139. :46M1 33.31411 38.37.66 3M3.It 1 . ý)Il 3637.3516 3037.2M6 2161.3161 31137M~8I 3837. Al1 3937.3161 3937.3144 3931"", 1ma 2617.320 2217.3m6 22171;.4 127,60 2217.3204 122h7.3gga 211.384 28172604g 2117.3*0 2217ý3204 32211 104 221?.320A

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E-17

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-1. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 8 of 8 pages)

I 0 I 0 II

464 ow" Seg 457 Sv6 ytp 500 VoA Sv02 aOs 1404 fy

a 3 465'4,75 145247 4, 4,2.7 4"24.7 - 4SUM 4.- 44224.7 44424.1S 444. 44234is 5 44524.750 0 38244 31124S 345 32240 *3145 35245 •24 1 32240 4 32249- 0 0 0 37VI7.41? 37117.41 3715.41 7 37117,411 37191.417 3719?7417 37107417 37197417

101 0 1464.633 34456511a 340440.43 344041.93 3424=,91 342440.I33 34480.833 344.4.033 34446.833 34i4".6313Y 346I6.433P-1201 0 231433.II 32447.3 54.1 a4?T154al 447.51 4 210437.83= 22437.3s3 a14$7.l33 25437.313 24437,833 24437..33 25437 33FP9 0 47U0,2 47240.34 414U0.25 4 6.24,5 41110.33 41429.,2 4761.• 5 47 4l ,25 47245 464.35 47560.33Simn 0 340413,417 36863.447 34M6.417 364160.417 3526.447 34663.417 346M.417 3424.417 35563.41? 34443.41tY 35603.417

11041 0037.3333 0437.3333 *4.333 10437.33M2 47.3333 1•1637.33 1137,3333 0437.3333 4*5313333 3•60.33341 9531.3333 1537.3333S0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 4 0

l0 0 :0 324SM.17 32646.417 20411,17 211684011? 200641,107 205940107 32l.01 20190110.51? 200M.017010 2405AN3 24427.633 24027.883 24067.233 24037.031 24057.133 24017.533 240047.33 24057.033 24021.533 34007 833

HN0 0 0 ISTA&W4 21743.7 2743,40 26740.647 29743,417 2$743,567 35743,6i7 25743-20? 35743.067rP•A 0 302036.17 30oM.167 301.6147"30102.101 30204.1467 M020.167 301M.147 20306.1.7 30202.167 30204. t 30205,1677,JJ. 0 0 0 0 0 262610.U 26835,1 26223,2s 32225.21 , 6260.31 22629.23 2636042$r0 0 3107.133 31076.4,3 31018.033 31078.1I3 31076.033 31076.633 31071.433 31076.033 31071.233 310712331w0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 aS0 21566.71 ,?S 311 1S .ItsM,: 210.7 31462.75 2 1i, 11147s •3•,,7, 21844.75 M•3156.7 2116275 2525 7 1Sm40 47112.533 46715.03 42? ý.&,= 45711.233 471533 0716.633 48711.833 4176.5S3i 4$7158.33 43714.633 4271-.03. 457A1,33a 0 42414.75 4041417 40414.75 40414.70 404t4.78 4941471 4041.72 41414.1S 404141.5 41454J7 42414 ?SP4 W 0 241M7.1 41 4127,22 14IT75 24127.-1 34117.2• 34137,25 24127.22 24127.S2 24127.25 34127.3S 24127.25MUN0 0 26t45 20418 21044 35411 l6415 25416 25410 264 414 22416SM0 0 0 4353t.06 431,31.400 43631."? 4321.47 431131.2147 438•31.47 4 436.1.267 43131 167 4321 6417WM 0 0 34000.7 240007$ 24600.70 24"00,01 24000.75 24300,70 2460.71 34000.71 340010.S 4000.75

0 4739.4623 32644,001 33244.001 331144.001 32944,001 3544 001 33"44.001 32144,001 32044.001 325144001 325444001rim a 0 0 46410.34141 • 641 34.= 44451,333 41415.S33 464156.333 4416.333 40416.333 46410.333tow 0 0 0 0 22447 22947 32247 23•07 use6? 32267 22067 2007"tl a 0 0 273041304S 703,2•.2 37430.21 3P432.35 27034.31 27M•.25 73•3.3 27035.25 37931.23S0 0 31414.333 31014.333 31614,333 31614.330 31i14.333 31614,333 31414.333 31614.333 31514333 316t4 3337. ,L. 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

0 a 0 13611.24 360,,333 30779,333 31779.333 35,77.333 ,7?,.333 3$779.333 3,1•7.333 21770 333MM 0 0 3715.75 3711,1 37101V.6l 3118..7 3716.71 3716.11 3712,75 37110.7 3716.75 371'.7S= 0 0 4041 4441 4041 4641 4441 4141 4541 4641 4641 4241M31 0 2746.I1 2704.• 2 7.5 270.5. 23764. 2706.5 3790.6 2746. 27•4.6.5 375 S2ROSS 0 0 0 S 0 0 0 0 0 3 3

0it I 4101.s 48114. 4410.5 4615.1 4510.2 4615.5 4611.5 4210.50 4611,1 4619.5 4515,63043V 1106.417 11043.417 163.417 11063.417 12063.417 1063,417 ?f041. 03,47 15063.417 1$063.41? 15063,411

Itm 0 0 4610.6147 46410.0167 4410.2161 4460,9167 4460,117 4410.9161 4620.6507 4510,0167 4010.9167 4610.91670 2524.127 2185.1667 306.14507 20n0.16617 2•64.1 "1 as$&.IGOT 2118.1,17 2*".6.5I7 28101.167 2 I 28.1 667 155.1457

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33471•.6? 33471.66 334715,67 33416.467 32417B.6? 33471.667 33471.246 33475.447 3P37.407 33471.667 3206.6461 33476,467o 40466.36 464446.3 404642.5 44466.32 406606-.3 40566.2 4006.1 1 40644..25 40,6614|2 4066.31 404444.35 40620.35Pam 130H.30 f3060,333 13020.36 3 1360.4323 13040,333 13010.333 13010.333 13060.333 15300.333 t3010.333 130$0.333 t3010.333

0 0 3205.7 5 t*556.71 53206.16 5I6.?75 tU .753 t7 360.17 13551.75 13550.75 '3859.75 13105.7501a 0 0 4373.26 432.311 4373.21 4313.25 4373.35 4373.21 4373,21 4373 2. 43732s0 0 0 39027.017 35179.017 35675.017 30171.017 32701.117 39271.917 312?7,51Y 30274557? 35274O•910 0 0 34301,1 3•430.71 34301.7S 34301 75 343JI 34 33•51 34301 15 34301 7S 34301 75

040"yf645450"6y 600M8065.75

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E-18

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page I of 8 pages)

00 A '4 auPtTo0u0~~ ~ mwwinmwlma m

cow o 0 41"193t

"",I 0 1 14 '"1114ttt

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mg• 0 0 0 .4041V•0 0 0 04110S0 0 0 04312

0 0 0 0 .0654

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The A M0 lw emo MM Muau goU At

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E-19

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 2 of 8 pages)

ICU

No 0

-11 0Il 0 0 0

S0 00-j J!l 0 0 0 0

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E-20

CAA-SR-93-.7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 3 of 8 pages)

oII 16 NO .00

00,11'.641441403 .414. 34.- 19"139 4114*0:1 .41110.04:34

vMm .0136 "614444,36 0ctm"os .44 44

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im.041".2304 1320-.01" .4204.041 44WJ0.646 .60.04 .4306.0 1 4 .03011=4163,12.All6 .66040*444 .40*44.420-00 "4

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SUPI .6149 .6*006,4146 m* .06149 40.44

"RO.OU 33"1 Ul.G11140 41606 .421-0 410

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Ma .6460 .682160416 *030.160a I036 So4lam .6467 .611701671 .43W7047 4M7446

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.6480 .30*0160ts .0340.0160 .440.M4460

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E-21

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 4 of 8 pages)

P1m .46356144 .6683141441304 .16*44

OSUf I A8t*04 6469"1411au44.466144

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E-22

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 5 of 8 pages)

F 0 1 4lfJI*4048686S.C66028 *&4604302 .4040'14220

ILIJAP "ago3 am0O~ =SGVM W**H23.8021*1131 .85P62 dS.121M 4105I42131

m .6056552.amf .4661013 .101r1412- .UWUU .80W023VWUM 8&CWHIN

Woo .suua..M.au .00as01ua .4049423

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.1080*110 A806I0240 .8000FA*.0514240

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8m . .016515 .4014*0164 .4014,01"4.064540, .ao1rs6e .8015,01K W1601tol6.01 46

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E-23

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 6 of 8 pages)

A I CL- I.PUMM .$",fit"07C1 .074,0IH.4?14,.M 06MI1V 0703 .07"191.4l110

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E-24

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 7 of 8 pages)

KIND 54.4045.4402 .5404"224

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E-.25

CALA-SR-93-7

Table E-2. Core ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 8 of 8 pages)

C 0 4

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E-26

CAA-SR-93-7

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Table E-5. EofS ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page I of 7 pages)

A 1 01 I a 1 9 1 P I a I I - K L I m2X4PL 244 FhjNa066e t~~Ulg ROWAlf -W .W .-C -O IC FCal IL coam in10006of dd=~ (CEFI. 100% data .360 b 1001004OW C: Irmoy wyrn 6,10IOM of MOW's 09CL. 100% data d04060 by 1000100)Od D: Omavwd aiwnp in K06Iub (C6U. IN%7 daft dadda, by 100)Cal 19 mO~wwwneil SvwtgsOtTan (C59..WnpO~&sn ba~dIO -- '0746 -5dby IN0)CalF: Ca fy61ebolbmnuarpa (CER.L 00% daft edafd by 00)

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itno 77.23002 0.6922606 72.6208 205.34625 567.35 as 0JUOW 40512425 0.51100* 46.53 102.9"665 370.4 65 a

.L a" .30U1 0.5036394 $4.014133 203.03632 437.61607 so 01 14uMM 64.9$7663 0.4466056 52.535467 134.60708 410.433S3 so 0[Mrt54 4.06144 0,3701476 39.412267 66.775636 311.03323 6LHrJa 67.679366 0.4934696 71.S4 22.5.8652 561.0 55 )'=1U= 51.366475 0,740?16¶ 59.523Y33 161603868 467.21U7 69 0LMoa 46.43444S 0.166054 14.613847 14.695962 115.73333 66 0

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0fi~ 0 0 0 0 0 011ZIUM 26.7OO6 0.4177422 32.46 66.35246 253.75 86 0

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"Py= 40A64073 0.3467325 30.3324 30.36U453 283.65 5a"6~0 42.312312 0.4364232 3S.7824 83.00"108 310.6 66 0030 60.37446 0.7664243 6".005333 141.5145 615.66067 of 04mom 47.86666 0,4113246 37.4676 60.62345 262.65 a6 0

49 $l 2.6044"6 0.0"6143 46.4582 66.901M6 356. 56 0P..N 74.381347 0.73256* 06.354667 273.54603 634.33333 86 0tOIII 3$.313627 0.3635016 34.5056 66.446611 270.2 Is 0TMJ 44.742411 0,4350417 48.0672 63-299913 328.65 i8 0

iMM 46.0"1584 0.6120122 47.607467 160.60256 371.63333 Is 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0Moe"? 3.30046113 0.032"067 5.6 10."8538 48.75 65 0

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aM 0 0 a 0 0 01 .1 KWt 6.8100326 0.0526260 7.2576 21,503224 66.7 is 0

4L mmJ 34. 126277 0.214426 22.663733 31.181004 177.21667 as 04 Y 7.300144S 0,0611341 1.0037333 25.396946 54.716067 88 0

LA.W 4.2$61464 0.0340334 3.0128333 6.0460036 30.56660 85 0a l0 W 1 .013668S 0.066264 5.4203 S4.161304 48.35 88 0

tU ip 1.152OW6 0.0114721 1.1340333 3.8633P66 5.66666 is 06. AP 0301739l 005687366 6.5103333 S 1.057560 60.86666 is 0

J cmu 17.3"946 0,11"643 16.814 46.321463 123.85 86 a400Mum 36.7126s 0121166W4 31.285567 20.056122 262.2333 i5 0

64L M ____ 47.72U667 0.66410460 $0.414633 145.34901 303.66607 65 0,mom 65.020736 0.5728276 61,2410 10& 14414 478.45 i6 0FEW 21.736100 0.1601118 1S626 14.421045 163.53333 so 0

20.00460S 0.23354685 10.4736 "4.256"66 169,01 $6 a01SI 6.79499110.616 0 NSO .6866 10.60566I 51104 66 0

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NW 21.34606 21.3456"1 2.13956 *1 ~,6418 19616,55 *1.45 91.3a6 21.345a 21'a456 21.3456 21.34686 21.34658

R OMa 13.010434 16.6634 13.6640 4 ISAMU43 12.450"34 13,466434 13.066434 ¶O3.666 13.605434 13.160434 13.090434 13.606434om 10.3065 10.3065 10.3086 10.30511 103065 035 10.306 5 10.8002 ¶0 MUS6510.305 S ¶0. 3066 10,30660356rmu 19.776737 19,770737 1 b.776737 ¶0.776737 10.776737 19.776737 16.177677 ¶0.776767 111.776737 16.776737 ¶4.776737 10.77#73?P-.00 1.6429M7 16.021"S3 15.82#773 I5.556773 15,$.1773 16.0210773 10.690772 15.629773 16.6,11773 1541MS77 ¶5.625773 10-521773

7 FJMM 21,176210 21.175163 11.175253 21.175253 21.17S263 21A¶7125% 91.11525S 21.170263 24-178253 3l1-M23 21.175653 21.17623LIM 45.926441 10.262441 lS.#M61 142441 16..*6641 ¶6.626 441 16.50041 11-0""4 1 1 4-91664 1 18.626 441 6664 10.020441 10.525441UMW 9.0234030 6,0*34030 1.0234036 S.0234056 6.0224066 6.0233050 9.0234060 0.W03666 C.08364060 5.0234056 C,02406 6.0234065¶6165 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0"IMo 64487604 6.256W50 5.56756"04 .60764" 6.6575604 C.66660 6.6071606 S.667504 6.67664 6,6671604 0.88161565 6.6876604Now6 10.635226 10.635225 ¶0.03225 10.063521 10.936*211 M1036221 40.9635* ¶0,43522 10.035225 ¶0.933221 106935226 I0,933225m". 6.7473401 8.7473405 0.747342M .347340* S.7473602 8.747240* 6.7473402 0.74734 0* .7473402 0.7473402 0.7473402 6.7473402py~m 16.172417 16.607257 16.65724 ¶6.67287 10.6672*7 1I 1.6672 67 ¶6.66 7267 16.60725 7 16.667217 16.6767¶667217 ¶6.601207rim3 6.2544051 6.26444161 6.864651 6.2545561 6.264IM6 6.2548651 6,26496f5 6.2046651 6.2546951 6.2646951 4.2644991 6.2540311egm 11.367462 11.357462 11.387462 MUM3746 11.367062 11.387462 11.367462 M=.37452 11.367452 11,387462 ¶1407452 ¶1.3874,216546 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.1, mum 108.7816 l0.57OIS 10,57616 j257697616 ý061,8 t071 7616 10,1M7616 0.57616 1056716 igyl a i

E-51

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-5. EotS ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 2 of 7 pages)

I A I 13 0 1 1 0 1a 04 1 1.

omm 33.385168t a3411919 33.34991 t 33.349919 33.188919 33,319918 33.388618 33.3881 3.898 308183.481 3 685WAII 27.8237 1 17.&23741 31.820761 27.623761 274323741 27.823761 27.423141 27,823761 274237161 21.823711 27.822761 27 823781PrJR 7. I long IT. t1188S 1 7.114688 17,116884 7. 116645 1Y. 116445 17A loses 17,114548 1 ?A less& ?7,114588 17. 118OAS 11 t8585

9 .5946687 588662e78.58846197 1.4011 8586267 9.044 .8688287 0.3026211 81606367 C$040?2 CH89UM6 9.5096820 9.1696211Qx i 278888 12.7201644 2784 12.7064 44 12.1804,60 2.,786640 2.7118440 12.708648 1 2,7 861446 12.7 76884812.7B8848 22I441.786448"itam I2U78734 '2.078784 12.016154 12.076154 &W4 12.0787 SA 125778 1.7375 12.076754 12.078154 12,078754 12.0707SA 12.070134

4 :$:1843531C 18,435*86 13.435236 fS.438256 18.438256 15.438286 15.435826 15,43.3258 I8.438256 I5,435256 15.435258 15.435258sPjm tolt.Ias Is. 8,28068" 1 6 1 8.12 8088 16.190 2 s088s 16.121046 16.121088 t6,123046 16.125088 14.125068 8125851.125064IS MLa 4.2462044 8.2446214 6.24421024 8.246284 8.24829114 6,24638084 8.2442184 8,2482884 8.2482904 8,2462884 6,2482884 694482884

It PYJ= 9.1589s2 f.460617% 0.3808172 1.6814112 $3081472 9.5495172 8.5868172 0.3168172 8.5888172 1.58861?2 8.5885172 9.3595f172

.U RM 10.40933 10.40633 110.40633 10.40633 10,40933 10.40933 10.40933 10.40933 10,40833 10.40933 10.40033 10.409331

J1 si 3,173306 1 3.173306 13.173306 W3.733061 13.173306 13.113304 1 S.1t73306 13J173304 t 3.173304 13.173308 13173306 13. 173306.i SAm= 1,553157 1.5831367 1.3831517 1.1031307 1.4631567 1,863136? 118831867 158431587 f,553,867 1 5831587 I5531%47 I553t567

9363 0,882631 0.9114301 0.088381 0.858301 0.064301 0.08632 1 0.,143M 0.8883*1 0.883431 0.554391 0.518391 0,6563911

4 0 0tm 0a 0 a 0 0 31mAY 2.04411143 2.066843 2.0466643 2.00161643 2.0068843 2.068144S 2,0684143 2.0869843 2.0089843 2.0069843 2.088843 2.086084318 .zi 6.923833 8.823833 8.823833 8.023833 8.523833 86.23833 8.823333 8.823833 6.823833 5.823833 5.52:3833 4.8238331

18 1.9969261 1.91416261 1.8848261 1,8668241 t.8941261 1.8889261 t98868261 1.25688281 f,990 888 16261 560 1 1 5428, 1 28692811t .3016103 1.S616183 t,3816843 1,551663 145816483 1.5M6943 158416883 15816883 1.5616883 1 5816483 1 I 1 "518:83 .58145631

WAO.u I.8881046 1.6041040 1.4461040 1,6881048 t.6881046 1,8881040 I 6881046 1.41141048 1.8641048 1 8581048 1 5561.45 9 514

I czjF 0.2248676 0.2246016 0.2248678 0.2246076 0.2246676 0.2246768 0.2246076 0.2246678 0.2246878 0.22446876 .2248876 3 2246V61l'1ImM 1.002#034 1.0629034 1.0828034 1.0428034 1.0821034 1.0820034 1.ý0629034 1,0828034 fI 082034 1,0822034 1 082503A4 08250341

jrII o 11.01584 11.91584 11.81884 11.21564 11,81564 1 .1584 11.18 1I 51S8A 11.51584 WIS6154 11 0156A It 011864

13U fgia, 23.88874 43,64974 23.64974 23.68814 23,68074 23.88874 23.88814 23.68874 23.88974 23885714 23.6081A 23,5497411421.410960 21.41095$ 21,41069 182.410850 21,410089 21.410159 21.410858 21.410880 21,410858 21.410959 21,410858 21 4109551

4 31.233978 31.234170 31.23690 1 -241 31.2 38975 31. 2388 78 31.238878 31,23 6978 31.238878 31.238978 31 235976 31 267 21$973611f101 1:.04164 12.604154 13,604154 '13.604154 13.806194 f3.444134 13.804184 13.604164 13.8444t4 13.604104 13,004154 13.804 f5 415.860866 5.smote8 5.8808886 $,go0ls$$ 5.580888 5.58088691 15808685 5.5808680 5.5808888 5 58089 S.32008886 5 580585.

IL, A I on 4270%1 1.497058 1.427088 t.4270$0 1,427050 1 427044, 1.42058 1.427058 1,427058 1.4270$9 1 427050 1 4270594= ZMR 13.492236 13.468838 13.499236 13.492238 t3.402234 13.482231 13.482236 13.492236 13.452236 '3.4032238 13,4422306 34926

JU XMJL _ 11.637424 118$37424 1 t.637424 f1 .834024 1 L631434 11.837424 11.837424 t f.831424 11.831424 1834 4 1637424 I, V241 637424¶rho foM oiw ~s 1161114W we~m rot~a 8M Ise I111048 616M811

INA" 641.28186 641 28148 141.29188 641.29166 $41,29188 541.28145 541,28185 541.29188 141 29162 141,28145 541 25185 541 29145

I 4 Sluitiftll immsS be I to b"y 21.6 """161,94 Ives N946 t,07 O,88 Ne,0 Not 1,01 ",2 N903 IY04 Nos3

a2 0 0 0a

0"1~.4w611446 ipwosal 11TV166611 OW11 fit III m16111

I,64 NO4 O,88 FYI? 1,86 1,9o 1102 Voql Y02 1453 ~ l' .1310 0 a 0 3 3j 0 0 0 3 30 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 2 1

CA~M" a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 jCc" 0 0 0 M.3994416 a 0 0 a I 1 3

0 0 a5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 a 0 as 0 0 0 0 0 3 0aja a ?20 71060" 12.019194 0 a 0 0 0 0 3

-W 0 68 0 0 a a 0 0 2 0 2 3

0 0 0 680 0 a 0

a1~t 0 a 0 as 3 00

am60 0 0 a 0 0 0 03

0 0 860s 0 0 03144 isM 0 a 0 0 0 a3 0 0 0 014 8.= 0 00MI3 04824 0 0 0 3 3 0 3l4 -g 0 Is 0 0 0 0 0 0

q1281 0 0 88 0 0 0 04880 68 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

0 0.728 6,264 0 0 a 0 0 0 00 30AI 88 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 3

0310 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 030 0 0 0 a a 0 3 0 0 3

r"0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 aa.~ to0 5 0 0 a 0 0 a

DMW a 0 0 0 0.213 0 0aml-W 0 0 a 0 $1 0 0 0I',e.0. 0 a 0 0 21 0210 0 0 a 0 0 03

0AK a 0 0 0 0 a 0 aWV.~o 0 0 0 is 0 0 0 0 503102_ 0 0 of a 0 0 0 0 0 003

lelama 0 0 0a8.213 0 0 0 5 03is0 0 68 0 0 0 0 5 0a5. 0to 21088 0 0 0 0 a 0 03

4ftv" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 311m-0 a 0 88 0 0 0 0 a 0 0

0 x-G 0 88 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

07mW4 0 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03

174 am 15 is 0 0 0 0 0 0 033

E-52

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-5. EofS ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 3 of 7 pages)

I A 1 9 1 c I 4 1 'Il. - I I. j ( I ý I 'r A111c 12.65314 72.144464 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02

45 0 0 0 0 0 070 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0

1o00=0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2W0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 § 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 2

04.1,4.1 tel445 (PWv.U I9VGO~l16 1W 1911 6 .9mMiI

rV94 Noll tyls NO? voll ty60 IY00 N01 N02 ýVQ2l PyalI0o 0 0 0 65 0 0 0 0 0 0a-0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0

I OW*0 0 0 a 1 27,431321 S7506672 0 0 00 0w 01fG O~ 0 0 10.M34( 0 0 0 a

D2mm 0a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2VJH= 0 0 0 0 0a

10a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 2I Im 0b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1,111010 0 0a 0 020M 00 0 a0s8 0 2 0 .2 20rl 0 a 0a 0 0 0 0

mm0 0 0 0 0 40.307045 36.690058 0 0 0 a0"-a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20-U 2 0 0 0 0 0 it 0 0 0

KUM 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 01 0 j 0 2

MIUW 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,, 0 2Dme 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 *2

0 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0 0 0 00 01 0 a 0 0 0 0, 0 2

III' 0r 0. 1 0 a61 0 0 0 0 0a m0 0 0 a 0 0 as 0 0 0 23 f

mom4i 0 0 0 45 0 a 0 0 aI A jam 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0I Pj9s 0 0 0 0 0 65 0 0 2

0 0AW 0 0 0 6 0 20 0 0 0 06 . 0 0 20

I0JM 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0

I X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2220 unt 0 0 01 0 0 0 is 0 0 a a2

M4?0 0 0 0 24.77546% 0 0 3 0 2 201. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

FDJ 0 0 0 0 0 43.970601 01 0 0 0 14Itm 0 0 1 0 0 0 a 0 a 1 3 1

W W0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00x ~ 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 070=1 0 0 1 0 of 0 0 0 0 0 22

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 2U W0 0a 0 a 0 01 0 0 2

W~I0 0 0 0 0 61 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 a5 0 0 10OU 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 a 2

I9~ft 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0411111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0C 0 0 0 a0 0 0 0 0 3

0 0 a 0 0 0 0 040 0 10 0 0 0 0

aim 0 0 0 0 0 6a 0iml 0 0 0 0 0 of 1 0 0

4 9111737 204. 4202 10261 I 4.% .560 13901 . 44-05 .I1641-05 100000 AI $40462 1 f4g.-2

0 124425.42 023760.16 121404911 14030906 i4svil 0 14904f 10961

01 0 0 0 0 9 0 000111 1 0 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 C, 00 261110 0 0 M0.099646 I 70344" 10204644 70319465 703069"04 7 3904444 10 39340 -0 309464 0 3$94641

0 0 70.506040 60 65 Is Is 45 is is .:I4

E-53

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-5. EofS ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 4 of 7 pages)

A a j 7, 'A I0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q1 1 2

0i $1011 5 as #11 as as as is Is2 F~ 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

aoa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 031 0W a 0I

249aff 0 $0 I'a s a a s a s as as2"Im as as Is s Is as as is as as as: as

! nis0 20.111215 af as 1111 as as Is as as as asMi =a as so Is as Is as1 as $s as as asRj a 0 0 0 a

0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 a2 7 1JC a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a

0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a 0 a aIT 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a 2

1z IM 1 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 1

0- 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 '

a1UW 0 a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 01m 0 0 0 0 80.221$31 60.22153f 60.221531 60.221331 40,221931 $0.921531 00.22153, io202'21%3

MoJ 01 0 0 as a s a3s ~ 5 isvaaj1 01 0 0 0 21-0290:11 21.0290:51 21.0200:51 21.022451 21 0210:51 21,0290:71 21 029051 21 02aasirim 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

ae- a 0 45 85 I5 55 45 55 55 as a

0 la 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

a a 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 3a aD" 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 3

0s Is is $5 a5 as Ss Is a s a s

:sas is 8 s a s as as as as a7 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 301 1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a

01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2*'I 0 0 0 0 0 0

CUernWAOa 16 invootmom of both I ~Uh~

-Ove Vol NOS Ne Noll t.ss "ao Vol IV02 IV03 lvd *CM11 0PI2 01 00 10, as0 s as a s

CRNC 0 0 0 0 0274311321: 6 5 as a1PM 0: 6:.2S is a s a11 as as is is~

IVQM 00 0. as 411 isa s aa as1 as as as5

¶-= as as0 0 of as aso as as 5 a as asam 0 0 0 01

ON= 01 0 a 0 0 so I5 I 5 I 5 I s s as s1lil 0 0 00 1 55 1 5 15 .1.15 as as a

- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I is 0, I 4474 s s a s a4FA= a1 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 aso.. oj 0 0 0 65 as Is i s as as Is

Wh0om0 0 0 0 0 0

aIs as as ais a a a 5 s as 520 M2:6 is a a s a s a s as as is

0 as as as as as a is a11 Is so as

0 I s 5 5 a s a s isi

0m 00 0 0 0 5 a s a as aIMINOR000 0 0 a s a s a

0i& 0 0 0 a a a o * s at..5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0NW0 0 a as as asa1a a

0o- 1 01 0 0 a s a s a 5 ssOftua 0 0 05 0850s1 6: a110 5 6: los I5Ike"0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2

IMMIX a1 3 0 55 i5 as as as as as as ak01 is is Is as It as is as as aij

E-54

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-5. Eot'S ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 5 of 7 pages)

AI c 1 0 1 a 0 ' 1 4 1 1

as Is sit as Is as as as is #4 as isROO ISI 5 65 5 5 5 SI as a

s 12.6113141 6 Is is as so of 44 is as is asirna Is as as Is is is as as as as is i

o111S a 6 55 5 B 56 5 5

0 0 0 a 0 Is 63 85 us as as

clotost taon 0 0al 0no 0l"" Imssl of lot si so as

mowoe 0w~ls we mas 0n no asfew o

141117.231 210545.51 347270.21 492033.45 100000 S00000 10000 10000 $00000 100000 100000 100000vow AUWorsn isetil 4."~a tetmi"I.5411-4

Antllesf 0"404"0"'11111118

7 N24- Ives NOSp No? V "I Not PNh IV2l f03 fv03 , 104 N S4 t.W4100W 1611,011,1114 4111 Used in et 'two PWO 10

0 ndyo w 0nee 72"4 103*.3 0 22605. 25200,2104 28356.002 Mls 0302 a 0I$-a l reb m 1 2467716 149711,646 172$7,061 10364,367 211322.121 23360,194 29620.414 6111447453 3 0 3

IN 6M j 111 4 ttiOW 2MO WWiIM W" AM it. InW Wt

SMMOdI45t flmoitol we 4aoi In 'tost low 61Tom 742224726 t427O.M3 20011.8611 264,6.057 33250.834 39071.696 447*11.u7 4000oo 0 AoO O seo? 4607 ab 407 46009SOCT 460C9J0

M t'tI tk4Motue,t,' tyll fy06 P1y5 x11,........ ?Vag fy00 'ol 'Yoz I03 "s4,0

GUWtttdW&~ IWqgtUISS 4MO 4505 1" "421 fOW7Tests 121.90026 111.6764,1 4?0,$9401 $46.09731 912.38427 1t141.090 1467 197S 1534421 10,114291 '$34 4211 1 34 429 t1 3449011

Aafteet 0onwell Soplage

fy64 NIS oy66 fVOT NO$ fy06l "'20 !Xot IV02 fVQ3 .YO4 y'

4 TOMU 12297,131, 294111.1104 44440.567 1121011SI4 64*33.334 11028t.4 106641t00 least1I66 163611 us 143611 08 4361, ao 14361, 66

Nee4 f "6y41 N97 fy5 IM y199 fy00 #Vol fY02 IV03A~ 'YQ 'YOS

Tot& 2630, 810Y SOSO? 580 103S666 IN 44aIt 19209917 IF 275481.03 316107301 310290,4 376210A 370290 4 37112104 310290 4

U.se wil PmmAOs BM "e no*O two otw towel.Caltat LeqtsI I Lovielogerisity P54,66, j ove"Itt

0000, toni 066014,1 Pettloolle' a at30 ThaiNm 16736 1111610.25 COW Se' 415013.3? l000.0of do

CA M~ 431St 117 It 16441 2$o Satwt 129780,42 OO Aof M~vMost 437140 11 j 1 4Ot(1421so 12022 19 0005041456*.

* LLI,, 41043.I.333 ft 10 f1451 51 309677015 51 sw tSn""to 19 331 IS 446660

E-55

OAA-SR-93-7

Table E-5. EotS ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 6 of 7 pages)

Aim 46721.667 16 :454.21

20 11 673.3=1 16 736UK* 0 10 0

"M40 2421.161 454

21130103327010M 6 4043

3266 is 46M0.71raw 34113,3W3 61 5467

140 too a1

1410.3330 is 463.5am 083 100 $7 0.

pp. MAII I72.6 II 662

HE"6 64714667 10 630.7630 6.606 16 a it:

P0.MP 3433,33 t6 6a6.2

1p 27001666 SI 763

14amR 3263,.333 Is 3763.P-04 a66.4 I0 605

tm5 4603131 667 1 631.7mm 40356 S 4606.26

4 PC," i

4ZI 20 1 43.

MAP 823 is 0z 0 3MAW i 8.M Is 0 0 0 0 0

0L L 011 848641010 IS872

PEW 153 66.3 7 33 667.33 03 733 6733 6733 6733 6?23 6733 6733 6733 673

NNW.~ a 0 01 0 0 0 8 a 3

- ~ 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0 3 30 01 0 0 a 0 a 0 8

110112161.7 26606.37 21660.76 21666,76 21164.76 2166.375 21660A ? 21666.7 3? 566 71 21646 7?46116.63 461.3 2461.37 3 243?71.33 246316.33 243716.33 2643?.033 243715833 243716.33 243716.33 243715833 246716633

F.00 0 12.6 46544 4164142.746 i 40 14 6 4?6494.7 47641427 41411474S 4644 746 46414 745 4764144 2541461745SJUX 1.0 2432 23111.4172 624127.246 3.41736 312341272 596Al 341, 6 4341272 2634122 34434197 345 412.6 2450763Aa

a" 0 9333 03733 0 63 30 09133 733 943 033 04133 733 0 3733 043 033 ) 733-s a a 0 a 0 a 0 0 0

14. 2400-430 20 683 20 8 03 4 0683 2 0S 13 20733 40 33 20 5 83 2 0S 30 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 1

0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0mml 0a 0 0 0 .0 8

W160 a 0411 0il"1 01447 OJ 0146F 0 lol 0IIJ 11 0. 314i

urNIM a 0a 0 a 3031111 01 0a 0 0 00 0 0 8

man0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

I W 0 MUM466 26344692 063 652 2634 402 2634 662 2634 652 2634 S62 2634 41121si m3C-- - 4641 4641 4641O 444 441 441 41 144-.

E-56

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-S. EofS ECO Spreadsheet - Value View(page 7 of 7 pages)

I I 0 I [ P I . 1 ... • 1. J I K I I 1 .

4 3 3 661.O-513761657 677 G96.I~T61.45577 691 466761 4.7 6 57PAWa a a 0 0 50JA a MC 465.5 1*4. 4613. 1 4611, 1 4619.1 4611.6 1091.6 466 1 0 £166mi0 1100&4417 10 .41? 1606.41? 11663.41, 1400.41?1M. 1604 3.i11M.OM? 11063I41 '0. 4

0II01133106 316.1647 26IU.1647 IIII.1647 IIII.161+ 266l.1367 36I6I.6U7 25li.tl67 256.13U7 15ll.l66?Sose 0 36II.71 363.73 3536.71 3636.76 3636.75 363.75 3653.7 3151.1. 3566 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1o Q a 0 0 0 0 0 a a 0 I

10601.P 1041.71.T| 001.76 100171.7 10601.1 10101.s 140171 t10641,70 1001.71 10601.71 10101JI l0o01 ?5NMI a1436.633 a1430.S33 31430.433 21431333 21630.33 311436.-33 214313.83 21439.533 21430.633 21436.133 21431.833 11430.533

0 33474:4.4 313471.6? 3347I.641 33478.64? 33476.367 33473.647 33"0.647 33476.441 3204.44? 334746.4? 33413 647Alg 6149.667t 40441.381 404611.11 A0444.211 40M63.221 40604.251 10 40MUo 40444,2 04111 40565,231 4066121I 40635l21n= 13010.333 13010.333 1340333 1 3000.333 13G60,033 13050.333 t3000.333 13010.303 13050.,333 '010.333 13010.333 13060 333

a 0 0 0 o 1 0 a o0: 0 0 0 0 2 a a a a a0 0 0 0 0 1 a 0 a a 0

W0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 3411

S~ ~ ~~y80•v •iy••ms €

4 1 4 363P3l.71 II •

4

SUMUii?.01 0laflnlty eWOW1MIOR O .ICO . llve 01e6 .3 PegwMeggo.1"67.337 21084s., 347275.21 462032.45 1 00000 500000 500000 .00500 S00000 550000 .00000 $00.,.

GUOUmieve qwulIIry P~ s Iv 660tv34 vyel t6wo 67$6 1

216127.03 MIMS5.3 545133.36 660302.2 6100260.7V 66IA3667 $33233.75 605153,15 0866 IS623.506265.75 6946626 75 263636.75

E-57

CAA-SR- 93-7

Table E-6. EofS ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page I of 7 pages)

ON Ck O4MM Nlemhimvw

0 0 0IIIIcm 0 0 s13~t

meg~*4 0 I.31:

Pico 0 0

UMm .4104431:

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Table E-6. EoIS ECO Spreadsheet -Formula View(page 4 of 7 pages)

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E -61

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Table E-6. EofS, ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 5 of 7 pages)

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Table E-6. Eot'S ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 6 of 7 pages)

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E-63

CAA-SR-93-7

Table E-6. EofS ECO Spreadsheet - Formula View(page 7 of 7 pages)

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APPENDIX F

FINANCIAL ALTERNATIVES

F-I. INTRODUCTION. Department of the Army energy conservation projects can befinanced through a variety of defense and nondefense programs. This appendix identifies anddescribes the most popular of these energy financing mechanisms.

F-2. APPROACH. Data were collected using primary and secondary sources. Energy experts,policymakers, and funding representatives were interviewed from the Department of the ArmyEnergy Office, US Army Engineering Division at Huntsville, US Army Corps of EngineersHousing Support Center, the Department of Energy, the General Services Administration(GSA) and industry. Points of contact from various Army installations were also contactedabout their experiences with using some of the funding methods presented in this report. Inaddition to interviews, secondary sources such as energy legislation, defense regulations, policyletters, conference reports, books, and lessons learned notes were used to gather information. Acomplete list of these sources appear in the bibliography.

F-3. DEFENSE PROGRAMS

a. Defense programs fall into the categories of general defense or Office of the Secretary ofDefense (OSD) and Army-specific. All programs, regardless of category, were considered"-,iable" funding sources even though some were not funded during the current fiscal year. Theprograms addressed are the Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP), EnergyConservation and Management (ECAM) Program, Productivity Capital Investment Program(PCIP) which includes Quick Return on Investment Program (QRIP), Productivity EnhancingCapital Investment Program (PECIP), the Strategic Environmental Research and DevelopmentProgram (SERDP), Product Improvement Program (PIP) and Labor-Saving Capital InvestmentProgram (LSCTP). A brief description of each program is given below.

(1) Energy Conservation Investment Program (ECIP). The Energy ConservationInvestment Program is a Department of Defense military construction (MILCON) fundedprogram. ECIP funds energy-saving, cost-reducing projects for existing DOD facilities.Installing cost effective retrofits for existing facilities or building new energy efficiency systemsare two examples of projects which would qualify for. ECIP funding. Specifically, projects mustcost $300,000 or more, exhibit a savings-to-investment ratio of greater than 1.25, and amortizeor have a payback of 10 years or less. Commanders submit projects to Headquarters,Department of the Army. According to Army Regulation (AR) 11-27, Army Energy Program,Army participation is planned, executed, and monitored by the Chief of Engineers and theDeputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, specifically, the Energy Office. This may change, however,with the current restructuring of the Army. The Chief, National Guard Bureau, handles requestsfrom the Army National Guard. According to the ECIP point of contact, ECIP was funded for$50 million per year through FY 97. From this amount, the Army receives $12.8 million peryear for its projects throughout FY 97. The program may receive a one-time additional fundingof $50 million. If the additional funding of $50 million is approved, then the Army will receiveapproximately $20-25 million per year.

(2) Energy Conservation and Management (ECAM) Program. The EnergyConservation and Management Program is an Army Materiel Command program, and morespecifically an Ammunition and Chemical Command (AMCCOM) program. ECAM fundsenergy-saving retrofit projects at government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) plants.ECAM is funded with Procurement of Ammunition, Army (PAA) dollars. MilitaryConstruction, Army (MCA) dollars cannot be used to fund ECAM projects with the exception

F- I

CAA-SR-93-7

of new construction (i.e., the building of a new facility). According to an ECAM representative,to qualify for ECAM funding, projects must cost $15,000 or more, have a savings-to-investment ratio greater thun 1, and have a payback period of 2 years or less. Projects areusually selected from studies conducted under the Energy Engineering Analysis Program,Production Base Modernization Program, or other Army procurement funded programs. TheECAM Program remained unfunded throughout FY 92. It is uncertain as to when funding willbecome available.

(3) Productivity Capital Investment Program (PCIP). The Productivity CapitalInvestment Program is an umbrella program which provides funding to defense agencies forenergy efficiency projects and equipment improvements. Programs falling under PCIP are theOSD Productivity Investment Funding (OSD PIF) Program, QRIP, and PECIP. As of January1991, Program Budget Decision #197 officially canceled the OSD Productivity InvestmentFunding Program which funded high payoff projects at non-GOCO facilities. As an outgrowthof this OSD decision, the Department of the Army decided to canceled its programs--QuickReturn on Investment Program and Productivity Enhancing Capital Investment Program--as ofthe end of FY 93. Army agencies wishing to fund projects normally falling under thesecategories would now be required to request funding under other Army financing programs.Because QRIP and PECIP are viable, through the end of FY 93, a brief description of them isgiven below.

(a) Quick Return on Investment Program (QRIP). The Quick Return onInvestment Program funds projects that cost less than $10,000 and amortize or have a paybackin 2 years or less. According to one QRIP point of contact, approximately 99 percent of allQRIP dollars comes from three accounts: Operation and Maintenance, Army (OMA); OtherProcurement, Army (OPA); and, Research, Development, and Acquisition (RDA). OMA fundsare good for I year, RDA are good for 2 years, and OPA for 3.

(b) Productivity Enhancing Capital Investment Program (PECIP). Projectswhich do not qualify for funding under OSD PIF or QRIP do qualify for funds under theProductivity Enhancing Capital Investment Program. PECIP projects must cost more than$100,000 and have a payback of 3 years or less.

(4) Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). Title10, United States Code, Section 2901 (10 USC 2901) establishes the Strategic EnvironmentalResearch and Development Program. According to 10 USC 2901, SERDP brings together tht,Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, and the Environmental Protection Agency toconduct research and develop energy technologies and other technologies which would addressenvironmental restoration, waste minimization, hazardous waste substitution, and otherenvironmental concerns. SERDP encourages continuous transfer of information andtechnologies between the public and private sectors to enhance global environmental change.During FY 91 and FY 92, $200 million funded the program. Based on the signing of the FY 93Defense Appropriations Bill, Congress and the current Administration showed their support tofurther fund SERDP in FY 93 by appropriting $180 million to the program. Efforts areunderway to ensure SERDP transitions into a budgeted program.

b. Little is known about the next two programs--Labor-Saving Capital Investment Program(LSCIP) and Product Improvement Program (PIP)--however, according to AR 11-27, theser.- grams are viable.

(1) Labor-Saving Capital Investment Program (LSCIP). According to AR I -.27,projects qualifying for the Labor-Saving Capital Investment Program cost more than $ 100,000.Half of the project should be recouped through manpower savings within 4 years and the tot'lbe amortized within that time.

F-2

CAA-SR-93-7

(2) Product Improvement Program (PIP). According to AR 11-27, the ProductImprovement Program considers and manages suggestions to improve fielded productsArmywide. PIP dollars are obtained from the OMA account.

F-4. NONDEFENSE PROGRAMS

a. Other Federal and private sector financing programs are available to the Department ofDefense, Discussed in this paragraph are the Department of Energy's Seed Money and theGeneral Services Administration's Set-Aside Program (Budget Account 54). Industry, too, haspursued energy savings initiatives with the Department of the Defense, especially since the mid-to-late 1980s. Numerous programs have evolved since that time to facilitate DOD's effort inreducing its energy consumption and energy-related costs. Among the most popular programsin the defense community are Energy Savings Performance Contracting and Demand SideManagement. A brief description of all these programs appears below.

(1) Seed Money. According to a Department of Energy representative, DOE providesFederal agencies funding for project planning and initial energy conservation audits on a costshared basis. Usually, the customer agency receives $ 1OK, $15K, or $20K from DOE and isrequired to match that amount. Although this is not an "official" program, it is available toagencies interested in implementing energy cost saving measures in their facilities as long asfunding is available.

(2) GSA Set-Aside Program (Budget Account 54). On 2 August 1991, GSA issued apolicy letter stating that it would implement an energy conservation program which would fundenergy retrofit projects at delegated buildings and provide agencies with guidance to conductlong-term planning, energy audits, and life cycle costing to meet the energy reduction goalsoutlined in Public Law 100-615 and Executive Order 12759. Agencies wishing to compete forfunds under this program would be evaluated on the following criteria:

"* Project cost (must exceed $1OK but total less than $1.6M to include plannednonrecurring expenditures or total less than $750K if projects are in leasedbuildings where the government pays utilities separately from the lease)

"* Savings-to-investment ratio" Simple payback"* Annual million British thermal units (Mbtu) Savings"* Inspection score (minimum score of 85)"* Lease status

(3) Energy Savings Performance Contracting. According to the Energy Policy Act(1992), an energy savings performance contract (previously referred to as Shared EnergySavings (SES)) is an arrangement or agreement between the government and a contractor toincrease energy efficiency and reduce energy related operating costs of a building, group ofbuildings, or facility, whereby the contractor incurs the cost and provides the assets toimplement energy savings measures such as performing the audit, designing the project,acquiring, installing, testing, operating, maintaining, and repairing the equipment (to includesoftware systems) and training personnel, in exchange for a portion of the actual eneigysavings, if any, directly resulting from the implementation of such measures during the term ofthe contract which is not to exceed 25 years. In other words, the contractor provides a service tothe government, finances the project (although can arrange for a third party (e.g., leasing bank)to finance the project), and is reimbursed based on the actual energy savings, if any. This lastpoint is crucial to the understanding of energy savings performance contracts. The contractor ispaid a negotiated price (a dollar amount) or a percentage or "split" of the savings incurred (i.e.,50/50, 60/40 etc.) based on a predetermined sharing formula agreed to by both parties and

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stated in the contract, The contractor must prove actual energy savings each month in order tobe paid. If savings are not achieved, then the contractor does not receive payment. Sometimes,however, arrangements can be made between the contractor and the government to providepayment on a more flexible basis. Under the new Energy Policy Act (1992), it is stated that thecontractor can receive payment per month based on an agreed amount regardless of any savingsincurred. At the end of the year, an audit is conducted to determine actual savings. If actualsavings to the government are less than expected, then the contractor may pay back thedifference to the government. This last condition has not yet been implemented with theDepartment of the Army.

(a) The following list reflects the types of energy savings performance contract

projects either proposed or awarded at Army installations (see Table F-i).

"* Chiller retrofits"* Electrical peak shaving plants* Lighting retrofits"* Group coupled air source heat pumps"* Propane-air mixing plants"* Geothermal"* Utility control systems* Air conditioning retrofits

(b) During the conduct of the study, Army representatives who were using energysavings performance contracting to finance energy projects at their installations wereinterviewed and asked about their experiences. Strengths and weaknesses using the energysavings performance contracting approach were identified. Easier and faster access to capitalfinancing and increased incentive for project success in terms of energy cost savings (amongthe contractor and customer) were identified as the most positive aspects of the method.Obtaining manpower support; minimizing high cost overhead; considering environmentalimpacts (depending on type of project); and encouraging contractors to commit to a long-termrelationship with defense organizations under the current down sizing effort and economicsituation were identified as the most negative aspects. The US Army Corps of Engineers,Huntsville Division (Huntsville, Alabama) serves as the Center of Expertise for the Departmentof the Army in assisting with energy savings performance contract opportunities. Based onHuntsville's experience with assisting installations with energy savings, they wrote a paper (seebibliography) on their lessons learned. The following list is taken from that paper; it explainsthe barriers found with the approach.

"* Few precedents to guide those who undertake SES contracting in the Army* Lack of development of government SES contracting expertise"* Government lack of knowledge of industry concerns relative to SES contracting"* Loss of technical and contractual knowledge due to employee turnover"• Determining how the government will be able to operate the SES system if the

contractor defaults"* Predetermining the government's needs at contract end"* Lack of industry interest in government SES contracts due to termination of

convenience"* Providing assurances that the contractor will provide services as bid"* Ensuring customer commitment to the SES contracting effort* Ensuring the understanding between the contractor and the government

concerning the SES contract boundary"* Determining the most effective energy baseline"• Impact of perceived and actual risk on government SES contracting efforts"• Government commitment to unnecessarily lengthy SES contracts

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- - %- w- -li

EU T

.i. 0~ .

rn 0. 0

9n -

''4

oili

o r~. F-5

CAA-SR-93-7

* Unrealistic expectations concerning length of SES contract development* The life cycle analysis is based on the bids and technical evaluation of the bids.

It is a projection of the cash flows thought most likely by the government.However, it is dependent on the technical personnel for interpretation of thesavings claimed by the contractor. If the technical personnel cannot judge theaccuracy of the energy savings claimed by the bidder, then the life cycle analystmust give the bidder credit for savings claimed.

* Reducing government risk due to the difference in energy inflation and generalinflation

* Local utility action that can substantially affect the SES project.

(c) In general, the energy savings performance contract method of financing energyprojects is an excellent source of alternative funding for the government, specifically, theDepartment of the Army. It is quite viable when the payback period is short, i.e., 3 to 4 years,when immediate results can be acquired. However, a long-term contract has the advantage ofincreasing the customer's and contractor's incentive for ongoing project success, since fees arebased on performance and energy savings.

(4) Third Party Contracting. Third Party Contracting (TPC) is a financingarrangement which permits the government to enter into long-term contracts (up to 30 years)with private companies for the purchase of utility services (e.g., heating, cooling, electric). Thecontractor designs, builds, owns and operates the facility/plant which provides aservice/commodity on government land. The government buys a certain level of thisservice/commodity and pays for it on a per unit basis at a fixed minimum price. This fixed rateis prenegotiated and is paid to the contractor regardless of whether or not the service is used.For example, if the government agreed to pay a fixed price of $100 per month for electric andused it in months 1, 2, and 3 but did not in month 4, the government is still required to pay $100per month for months 1, 2, 3 and 4. Likewise, if the government uses more of the service, thenthe government pays more for it. According to the US Army Corps of Engineers at Huntsville,the Center of Expertise for supporting HQDA for the pursuit of privatization or TPC, TPC isnot currently used by the Army to finance energy services, principally because it is not lucrativefor either the Army or the contractor.

(5) Demand Side Management

(a) Introduction

1. This paragraph reports the results of CAA's evaluation of the demand sidemanagement (DSM) programs which were being oftered by the 34 commercial utilitycompanies servicing the 49 Army sites examined in the REEP Study. The survey specificallyfocused on identifying cash rebate offers made during the time the REEP Study was conductedas inducements for implementing selected ECO measures. Figure F-I identifies the 34servicing utilities by study site.

2. The Energy Efficiency Resource Directory: A Guide to Utility Programs,September 1992, prepared for the President's Commission on Environmental Quality, was usedfor initially identifying servicing utility companies (referred to in following paragraphs as"utilities") which had ongoing DSM programs and program points of contact. Utility DSMprogram representatives were contacted and asked to provide literature describing the specift'Hof current DSM program offers. Except where otherwise noted, these utility publications andtcorrespondence comprised the main sources for the information, findings, and conclusionspresented in the DSM portion. Telephone conversations with utility DSM programrepresentatives were used, as needed, to supplement information contained in utilitypublications.

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State .Utility company Army site serviced State Utility company Army site_.......... ........ _serviced

AL Alabama Power Anniston AD NC Carolin Power & BraggRedstone Arsnl LightRu cker

=A.. Ark Power & Light Pine BlufftArsni MO "Show-Me Power L. Wood

Kansas City Power Lake City AAP_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ =& Light .........

AZ Tucson Electric Power Huachuca NJ Jersey Central 7DixPower & Light Monmouth

PicatinnyCA Pacific Gas & Elec Ord ... Niagara Mohawk Drum

Presidio SF Power Watervliet

So Cal Edison IrwinCO Colo Springs Municipal Carson OK Public Service Co Sill

of OKWestern Power Admin

Pueblo ADGA Georgia Power McPherson SC So Carolina Elec & Jackson

Stewart GasBenningGordon

IL Iowa-Ill Gas & Elec Rock Island Arsnl TN TVA Holston AAP"KA Kansas Power & Light Riley TX Texas Utilities- Hood

LeavenworthSan Antonio Sam HoustonMunicipal

El Paso Elec Co BlissWSMR

Central P& L Corpus Christi

Southwestern Elec Red River DepotPower

KY PennyriheTVA Campbell UT Western Area Tooele DepotPower-17% (DOE)Utah Power &Light

LA LA Power and Light Polk VA Virginia Power EustisLeeBelvoirWalter Reed

Appalachian Power Radford ADMA New England Power Devens TA TACOMA Public Lewis

UtilitiesMD Bait Gas & Electric Meade WI Northern States McCoy

Aberdeen Power

Potomac Edison DetrickMI Detroit Edison I Detroit Arsnl ......

Figure F-1. Servicing Utility Companies Included in DSM Survey

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,. The basic methodology used for assessing the potential economic impact ofDSM cash rebates upon Army ECO investments was to apply the utilities' current DSMprogram criteria (as specified in DSM publications) to identify study ECO which qualified forcash rebate offers and the amount of any such rebates. This approach identified the approximatedollar rebate amount which could have been collected by the Army had the study ECOmeasures been implemented at the study sites at the time the survey was undertaken.

(b) Background

1. A provision of EPACT, which was enacted during the course of the study, permitsand encourages governmental agencies to participate in utility DSM programs and prohibitsutilities from denying these offers to governmental agencies. Executive Order (EO) 12759, 17April 1991, directs governmental agencies (including DOD) to remove any impediments toreceiving, using, and taking DSM management services, incentives, and rebates which may beoffered by servicing utility companies and other private sector energy service providers. Inconsonance with Task 2 of the REEP Study and pursuant to the provisions of EPACT and EO12759, CAA evaluated the DSM programs which were being offered by the 34 utilitycompanies servicing the study sites.

•. The purpose for evaluating utility DSM program offerings was to determine:

"° Which utilities companies were operating DSM programs offering incentivesfor implementing energy conservation measures (or ECO);

"• Which ECO included in the study would qualify for cash rebates under thecriteria specified for these DSM program offers; and

"* What was the estimated present year (FY 1993) dollar amount of all such cashrebate offers for all study ECO at all study sites.

•. Although typically DSM programs offered customers a range of incentivepackages which included cash rebates, special rates, loans, and free services, the DSM programevaluation was directed at identifying cash rebate offers. The complex terms and proceduresgoverning the application and quantification of incentive packages other than cash rebatesrendered them impracticable for a centralized assessment within the scope of the study.Identification of rebates was also limited to offers encompassing retrofit actions/situations.While rebates and other incentives are typically offered for new construction and replacementactions, they were not within the scope of REEP retrofit scenario.

F-5. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FINDINGS FOR SURVEYED DSMPROGRAMS

a. The primary objective of DSM strategy is to keep pace with customer demand for energyby implementing energy efficiency and conservation measures and forestalling or avoiding theenormous capital investment outlays which would otherwise be required to construct newenergy generating plant capacity. A secondary effert of utility DSM programs is the reducedimpact on the environment when compared to the alternatives of building more power plants orbuying and consuming more power from outside sources (i.e., alternative supply side solution).

b. The level of incentives (rebates, special rates, loans, and free services) that utilitycompanies offer customers as inducements for them to -,articipate in various DSM programs iscarefully calculated based upon the cost avoidance savii•,i of deferring large capital outlays foradditional plant. In essence, utility companies often find that it is economically preferable tosecure cost avoidance savings by sharing a portion of these savings with customers. As could

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be expected, the most aggressive DSM programs were found among those utility companieswhich had energy demand patterns that approached the upper limit of the utility's peak energygenerating capacity.

c. While the common objective for all DSM programs was to promote energy efficiencythrough conservation and load management strategies, the various utility DSM programs aimedat this objective could not be uniformly characterized and assessed. There was found to be arange of factors bearing on the availability, content, and impact of DSM programs nationwide.Since the terms of utility DSM programs were found to be unique in every case, each programwas reviewed and assessed individually to identify and gauge the impact of cash rebate offerson study ECO at each site.

d. Some programs were found to be more dynamic than others. Utilities evaluated, revised,and funded these on an annual basis to reflect areas of changing emphasis and emergingtechnologies. Also, the funding level for some of these programs appeared to have been moreclosely tied to the utility's annual profit margin and state utility regulators. Other programs werefound to be more institutionalized in that they were relatively more stable in scope, funding level,and duration.

e. Representatives for those utilities not operating a DSM program or pursuing one oflimited scope informally acknowledged that this was because there was little or no economicincentive at that time due to existing excess plant generating capacity. Some representatives alsoindicated that while this was the utility's current supply versus demand situation, that the utilityhad entered into mid- to long-range planning for future DSM programs to assist them inmeeting higher energy demands in the future.

f. For surveyed utilities with ongoing programs targeted at commercialindustrial customers,the predominant issues bearing on the scope, content, and impact of the programs were:

* Peak customer demand versus plant peak energy generating capacitye Customer category/narket and level of energy consumption (e.g., commercial, industrial,

agricultural, residential)• Electrical demand pattern (peak versus offpeak consumption)* End-use of energy (e.g., lighting, heating, cooling, or process)* Fuel types used by systems (e.g., electricity, gas, renewables)• Targeted technologies and equipment (e.g., high efficiency HVAC systems and

appliances)* Targeted situations (retrofit, new construction, or replacement)• System operating efficiency minimums, standards, and targets, and* Upper limits on total dollar amount of rebate offers to a single customer.

g. Typically, DSM programs were developed and offered by utilities for these five basiccustomer categories: residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and institutional/municipal.These categories are briefly defined below. Since the Army sites addressed in the study fell inthe commercial and industrial customer categories, evaluation of rebate offers centered on theprograms directed at these two customer categories.

Residential: This classification applies to customers purchasing electric power or naturalgas for household use. Households are usually further categorized as single- or multi-family dwellings.Commercial: This classification applies to cu'stomers purchasing electric power or naturalgas for use in retail businesses such as retail stores, restaurants, warehouses, and lodging.Industrial: This classification applies to customers purchasing electric power or naturalgas for use in manufacturing businesses, plants, and mining operations.

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Agricultural: This classification applies to customers purchasing electric power or naturalgas for use in agricultural businesses such as growing crops, raising livestock, and pumpingwater for irrigation.Institutional, municipal, and nonprofit: This classification applies to customerspurchasing electric power or natural gas for nonresidential businesses not identifiedelsewhere such as schools, colleges, hospitals, and other institutions.

h. The descriptions of typical DSM programs/services offered by utilities to customerspresented in the section were derived from the Energy Efficiency Resource Directory: A Guideto Utility Programs, September 1992, and utility publications. The basic types of incentiveprograms identified in the survey as typically offered by utilities to commercial and industrialcustomers are described below.

(1) Prescriptive Rebate Programs. These programs are to encourage commercial andindustrial customers to purchase and install energy efficient equipment, typically in the areas oflighting, cooling, heating, refrigeration, and motors. Rebates are offered in a prescriptive formatin which the utility pre-selects energy efficiency measures that are economically attractive toboth utility and customer. The customer decides which, if any, measures to purchase and install.The utility pays the rebate after proof of ECO installation is provided. The utility often setsminimum efficiency levels for prescriptive measures which exceed local, state, and Federalbuilding codes and standards. Customers often participate in these programs when faced withimmediate equipment replacement decisions resulting from equipment failure, obsolescence, ora desire to cut costs through energy efficiency retrofit measures, as was the case scenario forREEP. The amount of some rebate offers was fixed, but in most instances varied according tofactors considering system power consumption and energy efficiency levels. An example of atypical fixed prescriptive rebate offer made by Southern California Edison was a flat $20 foreach room occupancy sensor the customer installs. Examples of variable prescriptive rebateoffers for installing efficient motors by Niagara Mohawk and Baltimore Gas and Electric(BG&E) are presented in Tables F-2 and F-3, respectively. As shown, the amount of rebateoffered varies depending upon the size and efficiency of the motor. For larger motors (60 horsepower and above), BG&E rebates also depend on the intended end-use of motors. Largerrebate amounts are offered for replacement motors than for plant expansion motors. Theadditional amount is offered for existing motors as inducement to swapout (retrofit) older, lessefficient motors. The increased amount helps the customer defray labor cost and is indicative ofBG&E's strong commitment to DSM as a cost effective means of meeting customer energydemands.

(2) Customized Incentive Programs. Utilities offer customer rebates for purchasingand installing energy efficient equipment chosen by customers to meet their unique energyneeds. These programs are flexible and tailored to accommodate individual customer-selectedenergy efficiency measures on a site-specific basis and are generally targeted to nonresidentialcustomers. Because of the diversity among building types and energy end.-uses found amongnonresidential customers, each participant's customized measures/rebate package is usuallyunique. Typically, a number of measurs are preselected by the customer in consultation withthe utility or the utilities' engineering services contractor and approved by the utility. Duringthis process, the utility establishes a rebate offer amount for implementing the custom designedenergy package based upon an evaluation of the economic impact upon current and future utilityoperations. While customized rebate program offers were available at some sites to augmentsavings from prescriptive rebate program measures, it was not possible to estimate the potentialfor these rebates because of the customized features of the program. It was observed that thepotential customized rebate amount for some sites may be greater than the total amount ofpotential prescriptive rebates offered for qualifying ECO at the same site.

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Table F-2. Cash Rebates Offered by Niagara Mohawk for Installing High EfficiencyMotors

Motor horsepower Minimum eligible nominal High efficiency motors__.. .. ...... ____ efficiency % rebate $

1 84 351.5 84 352 85 353 86 355 87 407.5 89 6010 90 8015 90 12020 91 16025 93 2_0,_ a30 93 240"40 93.6 320

.-50 94 40060 94.1 480"75 94.5 600"100 94.5 800125 95 1000150 95 1200200 95.4 1600250 95.8 2000300 95.8 2400350 95.8 2800

S400 1 95.8 3200

Table F-3. Cash Rebates Offered by Baltimore Gas and Electric for Installing HighEfficiency Motors

Size Minimum Rebate,_(hp) Required (TEFQ ) DP)

efficiency "rep acemcnt motors I Plant expan~sion Plant eixpansion•Iimoor eplauemen~t ,,motors82.5% $40 $40

1.5 8..... 4 0% . ... $50 "'310. ...

2 84.0% $50 $503 87.5% $70 $70

7.5 89.5% $900 ......,_10 89.5% _$110 $11015 91.0% $150 a ll20 1 _91_0% $170 $17025 92.4% $220 $21030 2,, .......... $260 $260

S 93.0% $36050 93.0% $470 ........ $Z70

60 93.6% $550 $490F $30075 94.% ..... $900 ... . . $550 - 1320-IOO W 94.5% $11il0"0 $390 ..... $400125 94.5% $2200 $1500 $330

"' 150 .. ,, 95.0% 1, '•3 0 $1600 $7.3,0 ..200nT 95.0% 1 $ 3200 ... $2000- $1050

25 i 95.0% J-$3400, $2200 i $ 300 1

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(3) New Construction Programs. Utilities typically offered rebates for installation ofenergy efficiency measures in new nonresidential buildings, most often commercial buildings.New construction offers opportunities to design and install energy efficient measures from theground up that would be impractical to install in existing structures. To qualify for rebates,energy efficiency of equipment and practices must exceed existing government standards andcodes for commercial buildings. In addition to rebates, utilities often provide co-funding fordesign studies and engineering assistance when building plans are modified to incorporateenergy efficient measures.

(4) Energy Audit Programs. Utilities offer customers free energy audits conducted byutility personnel or contracted architectural/engineering firms. The purpose of energy audits isto identify energy efficiency opportunities which may exist with regard to facilities, equipment,and processes. If the customer subsequently decides to implement some or all the opportunities,they would likely qualify for a cash rebate under the prescriptive or customized program.

(5) Maintenancefrune-Up Programs. Utilities offer customers incentives to implementrelatively low cost tune-up and maintenance measures designed to improve energy efficiency.These generally include such measures as HVAC adjustments, weatherization, motor tune-ups,condenser coil cleaning, fixture cleaning, and low cost lighting measures.

i. Generally, DSM program incentive offers were equally available within the terms of theoffer to all utility customers falling within the general customer category. However, in someinstances, utilities were found to restrict offers to a more select group of customers fallingwithin the category. For example, one utility limited offers to only hospitals and schools. Inanother instance, a utility which serviced customers in both Idaho and Illinois limited residentialincentive offers to its Idaho customers because the Illinois utility commission declined toapprove the offers for Illinois customers.

j. The dynamics of some DSM programs examined during the study were such that it waspossible only to gauge the broad economic impact that would result from investment in studyECO. While precise impacts could not be uniformly measured, reasonable estimates ofprobable cash rebate savings for some ECO measures could be derived. These rebates areconservative estimates supported by detailed examinations of the actual DSM programs whichwere being operated by the utilities at the time the REEP Study was conducted. Table F-4identifies the estimated cash rebates by ECO which were found to be available. These estimateswere derived solely from prescriptive program offers and exclude additional rebate offers whichwould be available under customized rebate programs. The total potential rebate estimate of$12,142,000 associated with implementing study ECO is conservative. If all study ECOmeasures were implemented, the rebate amount which could reasonably be expected to accruewould likely be more than twice this estimated amount if additional rebate incentives offered forcustomized programs and additional savings accruing from DSM program special rate offerscould be considered.

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Table F-4. Estimates of Cash Rebates (for the 49 Sites) Resulting from UtilityPrescriptive Rebate Offers

ECO Total rebateoffer (K)

2X4 Fluorescent lighting w/electronic ballast 5,471Compact fluorescent lighting 1,988Exit lighting 249Occupancy sensors 341Motors 1640Pronable thermostats 245High efficiency gas furnace 321Cool storage 1237Ceiling insulation 31Window film 20Blown-in wall insulation 136Gas beat pump 462Total $12,142

k. Generally, prescriptive programs operated by servicing utilities did not include rebateoffers for the ECO measurtS identified below. However, several of these measures wouldqualify to receive rebates xm•nder selected utility customized rebate programs.

"* Modular boilers"* Reflective roof membrane"* Water heater blanketts"* Nominal efficiency gas furnace

Flue dampers with electronic ignition"* Manhole sump tepairs"* Gas chillers"• Digital control pinels

I. Survey findings indicated that the economic impact of ongoing DSM programs wouldserve to make an Army energy efficiency investment package more economically attractive thanis portrayed by the overall stuly results presented in Chapter 3. Conservatively estimated,additional Army cost savings (the term cost savings" is used here to denote the impact of cashrebates since they were considered as eventual dollar offsets to ECO investments) of $12.1million, above the savings levels identified for the base case in Chapter 3, would accrue fromutility DSM programs. This added cost savings would be substantially higher if the savingsimpacts of customized rebate and special rate offers were considered.

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APPENDIX G

SPONSOR'S COMMENTS

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF FOR INSTALLATION MAANAGEMENT

600 ARMY PENTAGON5WASHINGTON DC 2103110-M

Q D DF-U (11-27) 29 DEC 1993

MEMORANDUM FOR THE DIRECTOR US ARMY CONCEPTS ANALYSZS AGENCY,ATTN: CSCA-FSR(5-5d), 8120 WOODMONT AVENUE,BETHESDA, MARYLAND 20814-2797

SUBJECT: Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning (REEF) Study

1. Reference memorandum, CSCA-FSR(5-Sd), 2 November 1993, SAS.

2. Referenced memorandum requested us to evaluate, review, andcomment on the REEP study draft report.

3, Enolosure i is a completed evaluation of the REEP report asrequested by your office and required by AR5-5.

4. My point of contact for this action is Qaiser Toor, DAIM-FOF-U, COMM (703) 355-2026, DSH 345-2026.

Enal AN H ; L 'or Genera Y, GS

Assistant Chief of Stafffor Installation Management

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STUDY CRITIQUE

(This document may be modified to add more space for responses to questions.)

1. Are there any editorial comments? Ng If so, please list on a separatepage and attach to the critique sheet.

2. Identify any key issues planned for analysis that are not adequately addressed inthe report. Indicate the scope of the additional analysis needed. Nona

3. How can the methodology used to conduct the study be improved?

No change

4. What additional information should be included in the study report to more clearlydemonstrate the bases for the study findings? No chance

5. How can the study findings be better presented to support the needs of both actionofficers and decisionmakers? No change

6. How can the written material in the report be improved in terms of clarity (cfpresentation, completeness, and style? No change

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STUDY CRITIQUE (continued)

7. How can figures and tables in the report be made more clear and helpful?No change

8. In what way does the report satisfy the expectations that were present when thework was directed? Report provide excellent an,-i very useful dociimint1-tion

of the REEP Study.

In what ways does the report fail to satisfy the expectations?

None

9. How will the findings in this report be helpful to the organization which directedthat the work be done? The Anmlytir1 rmip•hility developed = m ted

in thb RErP Study signifirant'y enhances 4Aq , leadership's ability tomanage the Army's energy program and policy.

If they will not be helpful, please explain why not.

Not applicable

10. Judged overall, how do you rate the study? (circle one)

Poor Fair Average Good

2

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APPENDIX H

DISTRIBUTION

Addressee ~No ofd copies

Deputy Chief of Staff for LogisticsHeadquarters, Department of the ArmyATTN: DALO-TSERoom 30572, The PentagonWashington, DC 20310-0580

Office of the Secretary of the ArmyCorrespondence & Records CenterManagement Systems & SupportATTN: JDMSS-CRCRoom 3D718, The PentagonWashington, DC 20310-0105

Office of The Surgeon GeneralATTN: DASG-ZA5109 Leesburg PikeFalls Church, VA 22041-3258

CommanderUS Army Forces CommandATTN: AFPI-ENFort McPherson, GA 30330-6000

CommanderUS Army Materiel CommandATTN: AMCEN5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333-0001

CommanderUS Army Materiel Command I&SAATTN: AMXENRock Island, IL 61299-7190

CommanderUS Army Training and Doctrine CommandATTN: ATBO-GFort Monroe, VA 23651-5000

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A No of

Addressee copies

CommanderUS Army Military District of WashingtonATTN: ANENFort McNairWashington, DC 20319-5050

CommanderUS Army Engineer Division, HuntsvilleATTN: CEHNDP. 0. Box 1600Huntsville, AL 35807-4301

Commander 2US Army Construction Engineering

Research LaboratoryATTN: CECER-ESP. 0. Box 9005Champaign, IL 61826-9005

CommanderUS Army Engineer Activity, Capital AreaATTN: CENAC-CDFort Myer, VA 22211-5050

CommanderUS Army Engineer Cold Regions Research

and Engineering LaboratoryATTN: CECRL72 Lyme RoadHanover, NH 03755-1290

Assistant Chief of Staff for InstallakdonManagement 2

AT'TN: DAIM-FDF7701 Telegraph RoadAlexandria, VA 22310-3860

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IAddressee f i

Deputy Assistant Secretary of the ArmyInstallations and Housing)

ATTN: DASA-IH (Mr. Larry Kelly)600 Army PentagonWashington, DC 20310-0600

ASAILE, SAILE-PIAATTN: Mr. Jim Dewire600 Army PentagonWashington, DC 20310-0600

CommanderForeign Science and Technology Center220 7th Street NECharlottesville, VA 22901-5396

CommanderArmy Research InstituteATTN: PERT-SM5001 Eisenhower AvenueAlexandria, VA 22333-5600

Defense Technical Information Center 2ATTN: DTIC-FDACCameron StationAlexandria, VA 22314-6145

USASCAFThe Pentagon LibraryATTN: JDHQ-LR (Army Studies)Room 1A518, The PentagonWashington, DC 20310-6000

PresidentNational Defense UniversityATTN: NDU-LD-CDCWashington, DC 20319-6000

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A s No ofSAddressee copies

Director IStrategic Studies [nstituteATTN: AWCICarlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5050

Commander/DirectorUS Army Engineer Studies CenterCasey Building, No. 2594ATTN: ESC-AO (Security Officer)Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5583

CommanderUS Army Corps of EngineersATTN: CEGC20 Massachusetts Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20314-1000

Internal Distribution:

Reference copy:Unclassified Library 2

Record copy:Originating office (C iCA-FSR) 50

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GLOSSARY

ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SHORT TERMS

AMCCOM Ammunition and Chemical CommandAR Army regulationASAILE Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Logistics, and

EnvironmentBRAC Base Realignment and ClosureCAA US Army Concepts Analysis AgencyCENET US Army Corps of Engineers National Energy TeamCERL US Army Construction Etigineering Research LaboratoryCONUS continental United StatesDOD Department of DefenseDOE Department of EnergyDSM demand side managementECAM Energy Conservation and Management ProgramECIP Energy Conservation Investment ProgramECO energy conservation opportunity (ies)EPACT Energy Policy Act of 1992EO Executive OrderFOMOA Force Modernization AnalyzerFY fiscal yearGOCO government-owned, contractor-operatedGSA General Services AdministrationHQDA Headquarters, Department of the ArmyHVAC heating, ventilation, air conditioningIAW in accordance withkW kilowatt(s)LCC life cycle costLSCIP Labor-Saving Capital Investment ProgramMACOM major Army commandMbtu million British thermal unitsMCA Military Construction, ArmyMILCON military constructionMOF model objective functionsNPR National Performance ReviewOMA Operations and Maintenance, ArmyOPA Other Procurement, ArmyOSD Office of the Secretary of DefenseOSL Optimization Subroutine LibraryPAA Procurement of Ammunition, ArmyPCIP Productivity Capital Investment ProgramPECIP Productivity Enhancing Capital Investment ProgramPIF Productivity Investment FundingPIP Product Improvement ProgramPPBES Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution SystemQRA quick reaction analysisQRIP Quick Return of Investment ProgramRDA Research, Development, and AcquisitionREEP Renewable and Energy Efficiency Planning (REEP) StudyREESIN Renewables and Energy Efficiency Sustainable Investment

(REESIN) QRA

Glossary- I

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RIM REEP Investment ModelSEER Seasonal Energy Efficiency RatingSERDP Strategic Environment for Research and Development ProgramSES Shared Energy SavingsSTON short tonTOA total obligational authorityUS United StatesUSC United States Code

Glossary-2