motivation scope
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© Prentice Hall, 2 001 Chapter 6 1 Basic Motivation Concepts
Transcript of motivation scope
©Prentice Hall, 2001
Chapter 6 1
Basic Motivation Concepts
©Prentice Hall, 2001
Chapter 6 2
What Is Motivation?
Direction
PersistenceIntensity
©Prentice Hall, 2001
Chapter 6 3
Maslow’sMaslow’sHierarchyHierarchyof Needsof Needs SelfSelf
EsteemEsteem
SocialSocial
SafetySafety
PhysiologicalPhysiological
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Chapter 6 4
Theory XTheory XWorkersWorkers Dislike WorkDislike Work
Avoid ResponsibilityAvoid Responsibility
Little AmbitionLittle Ambition
Theory YTheory YWorkersWorkers Enjoy WorkEnjoy Work
Accept ResponsibilityAccept Responsibility
Self-DirectedSelf-Directed
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Chapter 6 5
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Hygiene FactorsMotivational Factors• Quality of supervision• Rate of pay• Company policies• Working conditions• Relations with others• Job security
• Career Advancement• Personal growth• Recognition• Responsibility• Achievement
High HighJob Dissatisfaction Job Satisfaction0
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Chapter 6 6
Alderfer’s ERG TheoryAlderfer’s ERG Theory
ExistenceExistence Growth
RelatednessRelatedness
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Chapter 6 7
The TheoryThe Theoryof Needsof Needs
DavidDavidMcClellandMcClelland
Need forNeed forAchievementAchievement
(nAch)(nAch)
Need forNeed forPowerPower(nPow)(nPow)
Need forNeed forAffiliationAffiliation
(nAff)(nAff)
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Chapter 6 8
Cognitive Cognitive EvaluationEvaluation
IntrinsicMotivators
ExtrinsicMotivators
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Chapter 6 9
• SpecificitySpecificity• ChallengeChallenge• FeedbackFeedback• ParticipationParticipation
• CommitmentCommitment• Self-efficacySelf-efficacy• CharacteristicsCharacteristics• CultureCulture
Goal-Setting TheoryGoal-Setting Theory
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Chapter 6 10
Reinforcement TheoryReinforcement Theory
ConsequencesConsequences
RewardsRewards
No RewardsNo Rewards
PunishmentPunishment
BehaviorBehavior
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Chapter 6 11
Ratio Comparison*
Employee’sPerception
Outcomes AInputs A
Outcomes AInputs A
Outcomes AInputs A
Outcomes BInputs BOutcomes BInputs BOutcomes BInputs B
<
=
>
Inequity (Under-Rewarded)
Equity
Inequity (Over-Rewarded)
*Where A is the employee, and B is a relevant other or referent.
Equity Theory
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Chapter 6 12
Research into Research into EquityEquity
Amount andAmount andAllocationAllocationof Rewardsof Rewards
PerceivedPerceivedFairness of theFairness of the
Distribution ProcessDistribution Process
DistributiveDistributiveJusticeJustice
ProceduralProceduralJusticeJustice
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Chapter 6 13
Expectancy Theory
3. Rewards-personal goals relationship
1. Effort-performance relationship 2. Performance-rewards relationship
IndividualIndividualEffortEffort
IndividualIndividualPerformancePerformance
PersonalPersonalGoalsGoals
OrganizationalOrganizationalRewardsRewards
1 2
3
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Chapter 6 14
Performance DimensionsPerformance Dimensions
OpportunityOpportunityMotivationMotivation
AbilityAbility
PerformancePerformance
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Chapter 6 15
An Integrative Model of MotivationAn Integrative Model of Motivation
PersonalGoals
IndividualPerformance
IndividualEffort
Goals DirectBehavior
HighnAch
Ability
Opportunity PerformanceAppraisal Criteria
PerformanceAppraisalSystem
Reinforcement DominantNeeds
EquityComparisonO O
IA IB
OrganizationRewards
