MEMORIES IN STONEFigured Grave Reliefs from Aegean Thrace

MEMORIES IN STONE

Figured Grave Reliefs from Aegean Thrace

A u t h o r

Dimitra Andrianou Institute of Historical Research The National Hellenic Research Foundation

P h o t o g r a p h s a n d M a p s

All the reliefs are photographed by Christos Simatos (© Christos Simatos),

except 2-NAM (courtesy of the Photographic Archive of the National

Archaeological Museum of Athens, © Ministry of Culture and Sports/

Archaeological Receipts Fund, photograph: V. von Eickstedt), 3 (courtesy

of the Archaeological Museum of Sofia), 5 (courtesy of the Photographic

Archive of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki, © Ministry of Culture

and Sports/ Archaeological Receipts Fund), 9, 27, 48 (right side), 61, 62

and 63 (courtesy of the NHRF/IHR/KERA photographic archive) and 51

(reprinted after Tsoka 2013-2014, figs. 2 and 3β respectively). The left, top

and back sides of relief 48 and the details of relief 3 are photographed

by the author (© Dimitra Andrianou).

All the maps are designed by C. Simatos

© D. Andrianou and C. Simatos

A r t i s t i c D e s i g n a n d L a y o u t

Marianna Poga, Christos Simatos

www.psdesign.gr

P r i n t i n g

Giorgos Kostopoulos Graphic Arts

B i n d i n g

J. Mantis & Sons

F r o n t i s p i e c e

Relief from the Alexandroupolis Collection (no. 4)

© Christos Simatos

ISBN: 978-960-9538-64-0

© 2017 Institute of Historical Research

Section of Greek and Roman Antiquity (KERA)

National Hellenic Research Foundation

48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens,

Greece, Tel. +302107273673, Fax +302107234145

ΜΕΛΕ ΤΗΜΑΤΑ 75

AT H E N S 2 0 1 7

Dimitra Andrianou

Ε Θ Ν Ι Κ Ο Ι Δ Ρ Υ Μ Α Ε Ρ Ε Υ Ν Ω Ν | Ι Ν Σ Τ Ι Τ Ο Υ Τ Ο Ι Σ Τ Ο Ρ Ι Κ Ω Ν Ε Ρ Ε Υ Ν Ω ΝNATIONAL HELLENIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION | INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH

MEMORIES IN STONEFigured Grave Reliefs from Aegean Thrace

7-

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 13

INTRODUCTION 15

SEVENTH TO FIFTH CENTURIES B C 21

EXCAVATED CEMETERIES 22

INSCRIPTIONS 28

ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND ICONOGRAPHY 29

Inscribed monuments 29

Uninscribed monuments 30

FOURTH CENTURY B C 43

EXCAVATED CEMETERIES 44

INSCRIPTIONS 46

ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND ICONOGRAPHY 47

Inscribed monuments 47

Uninscribed monuments 48

THIRD TO FIRST CENTURIES B C 55

EXCAVATED CEMETERIES 57

INSCRIPTIONS 58

ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND ICONOGRAPHY 60

Inscribed monuments 60

Uninscribed monuments 61

FIRST TO THIRD CENTURIES A D 69

EXCAVATED CEMETERIES 72

INSCRIPTIONS 75

Inscribed monuments 78

Uninscribed monuments 84

UNDATED RELIEFS 98

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TYPOLOGY OF FUNERARY STELAI 99

FUNERARY SCULPTURE IN THE ROUND 106

ICONOGRAPHY OF FUNERARY MONUMENTS 109

HEROS EQUITANS 110

Rider Iconography in Aegean Thrace 117

Variations of the Rider Iconography in Thrace 118

FUNERARY BANQUET 125

Funerary Banquet in Aegean Thrace 129

SEATED MALE 140

SEATED FEMALE 142

STANDING MALE 146

STANDING FEMALE 148

STANDING FAMILY MEMBERS 150

HALF-FIGURE PORTRAITS (HALBFIGUR) 151

GLADIATORS 152

WREATHS 153

ARCHAISTIC FEATURES 155

UPRAISED HANDS 156

DEXIOSIS 158

RELIEF PRODUCTION IN ANCIENT THRACE: OVERVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS 161

ONOMASTICON 171

GREEK NAMES 172

ROMAN NAMES 173

THRACIAN NAMES 175

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PROVENANCE OF MARBLE 179

LOCAL MARBLE 180

IMPORTED MARBLE 181

STOCK 183

STONE TRANSPORT 184

APPENDIX I 187

APPENDIX II 189

ΤΑBLE 1 192

ΤΑBLE 2 194

CATALOGUE 197

BIBLIOGRAPHY 243

INDICES 263

I MUSEUM INDEX OF CATALOGUED GRAVE RELIEFS 265

II GENERAL INDEX 266

III LIST OF MAPS 269

IV LIST OF BLACK-AND-WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS 269

V LIST OF COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS 270

MAPS 271

BLACK AND WHITE FIGURES 283

COLOR FIGURES 455