Management Guide - Hy-Line International

W-80 COMMERCIAL LAYERS - INDIA EDITION

Management Guide

80W

The genetic potential of Hy-Line W-80 Commercial can only be realized if good poultry husbandry practices and management are used. This management guide outlines successful flock management programs for Hy-Line Variety W-80 Commercial based on field experience compiled by Hy-Line International and using an extensive commercial layer flock database of Hy-Line flocks from all parts of the world. Hy-Line International Management Guides are periodically updated as new performance data and/or nutrition information become available.

The information and suggestions contained in this management guide should be used for guidance and educational purposes only, recognizing that local environmental and disease conditions may vary and a guide cannot cover all possible circumstances. While every attempt has been made to ensure that the information presented is accurate and reliable at the time of publication, Hy-Line International cannot accept responsibility for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies in such information or management suggestions. Further, Hy-Line International does not warrant or make any representations or guarantees regarding the use, validity, accuracy, or reliability of, or flock performance or productivity resulting from the use of, or otherwise respecting, such information or management suggestions. In no event shall Hy-Line International be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or special damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the use of the information or management suggestions contained in this management guide.

Visit www.hyline.com for an interactive online management guide.

USE OF THE MANAGEMENT GUIDE

TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary of Performance Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Performance Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2–3

Cage Brooding Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–5

Lighting During Brooding Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Drinking Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Beak Treatment / Trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

IRBT Scoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8–11

Growth and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Rearing Body Weights, Feed Consumption and Uniformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Space Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Transfer to Laying House . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Management Events for Commercial Layers . . . . . . . . 14–15

Good Lighting Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Light Program for Light-Controlled Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Lighting Programs for Open-Sided Housing . . . . . . . . . 17–18

Use of Shades in Open-Sided Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Midnight Feeding / Lighting Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Heat Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Water Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Air Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Calcium Particle Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Feed Particle Size (Grist) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Vitamins and Trace Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Phase Feeding to Meet the W-80’s Nutritional Needs . . . . . 23

Rearing Period Nutritional Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . 24

Transition Period from Rear to Peak Egg Production . . . . . 25

Production Period Nutritional Recommendations . . . . . . . 26

Dietary Nutrient Concentrations for Production Period . . . 27

Disease Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Performance Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Feed Ingredient Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Feed Cost Per Egg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31–33

http://www.hyline.com

MARCH 2021 • © HY-LINE INTERNATIONAL 1

HY-LINE W-80 COMMERCIAL LAYERS–INDIA EDITION

Summary of Performance StandardsREARING PERIOD (TO 18 WEEKS):

Livability 96.9%

Feed Consumed 5.64 kg

Body Weight at 18 Weeks 1.25 kg

LAYING PERIOD (TO 100 WEEKS):

Percent Peak 95–96%

Hen-Housed Eggs to 60 WeeksHen-Housed Eggs to 90 WeeksHen-Housed Eggs to 100 Weeks

256.9425.4474.0

Livability to 60 WeeksLivability to 90 WeeksLivability to 100 Weeks

96.6%94.1%92.9%

Average Egg Weight at 26 WeeksAverage Egg Weight at 32 WeeksAverage Egg Weight at 70 WeeksAverage Egg Weight at 100 Weeks

54.8 g / egg57.2 g / egg60.5 g / egg62.0 g / egg

Body Weight at 26 WeeksBody Weight at 32 WeeksBody Weight at 70 WeeksBody Weight at 100 Weeks

1.52 kg1.59 kg1.62 kg1.66 kg

Freedom From Egg Inclusions Excellent

Shell Strength Excellent

Average Daily Feed Consumption (19–100 weeks) 101–101.5 g / day per bird

Feed Consumption per Egg (20–100 weeks) 113–123 g

Condition of Droppings Dry

Performance Summary data is based on results obtained from customers around the world. Please send your results to [email protected]. An easy to use record-keeping program, Hy-Line International EggCel, can be found at www.hylineeggcel.com.

SHELL COLOR SCORES

05 10 20

• The W-80 normally lays uniformly white colored eggs (05–10).• Eggs laid the first week are typically darker (10–20) than

subsequent eggs.• For more information on egg quality, see the “The Science of

Egg Quality” technical update at www.hyline.com.

http://sales.hyline.com/EggCel/Eggcel.aspx

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_EQ_ENG.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_EQ_ENG.pdf




Performance Tables

1 The chart shows an expected range of feed and water consumption at normal environmental temperatures of 21–27°C. As the environmental temperature increases above this range, water consumption may increase up to double the amounts shown.

2 Egg weights after 40 weeks of age assume phase feeding of protein to limit egg size.

Rearing Period

Laying Period

AGE (weeks)

MORTALITY Cumulative

(%)

BODY WEIGHT

(kg)

FEED INTAKE (g/bird/day)

CUM.FEED INTAKE

(g to date)

WATER CONSUMPTION

(ml/bird/day)

UNIFORMITY(Cage)

1 1.0 0.07 12 80 18 – 28>85%2 1.3 0.12 15 190 23 – 38

3 1.5 0.18 21 340 32 – 504 1.6 0.25 27 530 41 – 62

>80%

5 1.7 0.32 31 740 47 – 706 1.8 0.41 35 990 53 – 787 1.9 0.51 39 1260 59 – 868 2.0 0.60 42 1550 63 – 929 2.1 0.70 44 1860 66 – 10010 2.2 0.78 48 2190 71 – 10511 2.3 0.86 51 2550 76 – 11112 2.4 0.92 54 2920 80 – 11713 2.5 0.98 57 3320 85 – 123

>85%14 2.6 1.03 60 3730 89 – 12915 2.7 1.08 63 4170 94 – 13516 2.8 1.13 67 4640 100 – 14317 3.0 1.17 70 5120 104 – 149 >90%18 3.1 1.25 74 5640 111 – 162

AGE (weeks)

% HEN-DAY

Current

HEN-HOUSED

EGGSCumulative


(%)

BODY WEIGHT

(kg)

FEED INTAKE

(g /bird/day)

CUMULATIVE FEED INTAKE (kg/bird to date)

WATER CONSUMPTION1

(ml/bird/day)

AVG. EGG WEIGHT2

(g /egg)

FEED PER EGG

Cumulative(g)

19 10.0 0.7 0.05 1.31 79 0.6 119–158 42.0 79020 35.0 3.1 0.10 1.37 82 1.1 123–164 43.0 35821 56.0 7.1 0.20 1.39 87 1.7 131–174 45.0 24622 80.0 12.7 0.30 1.43 89 2.4 134–178 47.0 18623 88.0 18.8 0.40 1.46 91 3.0 137–182 50.0 15924 91.0 25.1 0.50 1.48 92 3.6 138–184 52.0 14525 93.0 31.6 0.60 1.50 94 4.3 141–188 53.8 13626 94.0 38.2 0.70 1.52 95 5.0 143–190 54.8 13027 94.3 44.7 0.80 1.54 96 5.6 144–192 55.5 12628 95.0 51.3 0.90 1.55 97 6.3 146–194 56.0 12329 95.3 57.9 1.00 1.56 98 7.0 147–196 56.2 12130 95.6 64.5 1.10 1.57 99 7.7 149–198 56.5 11931 95.6 71.2 1.20 1.58 100 8.4 150–200 56.8 11832 96.0 77.8 1.30 1.59 101 9.1 152–202 57.2 11733 96.0 84.4 1.40 1.59 101 9.8 152–202 57.5 11634 96.0 91.1 1.50 1.59 102 10.5 153–204 58.0 11635 96.0 97.7 1.60 1.59 103 11.2 155–206 58.0 11536 96.0 104.3 1.70 1.59 103 12.0 155–206 58.5 11537 96.0 110.9 1.80 1.59 103 12.7 155–206 58.5 11438 96.8 117.6 1.90 1.59 103 13.4 155–206 59.0 11439 95.5 124.1 2.00 1.59 103 14.1 155–206 59.0 11440 95.3 130.6 2.10 1.59 103 14.8 155–206 59.0 11441 95.0 137.2 2.20 1.59 103 15.6 155–206 59.5 11442 95.0 143.7 2.30 1.59 103 16.3 155–206 59.5 11343 95.0 150.2 2.40 1.60 103 17.0 155–206 59.5 11344 94.6 156.6 2.50 1.60 103 17.7 155–206 59.8 11345 94.3 163.1 2.55 1.60 103 18.5 155–206 60.0 11346 94.0 169.5 2.60 1.60 103 19.2 155–206 60.0 113



Performance Tables (continued)

AGE (weeks)

% HEN-DAY

Current

HEN-HOUSED

EGGSCumulative


(%)

BODY WEIGHT

(kg)

FEED INTAKE

(g /bird/day)

CUMULATIVE FEED INTAKE (kg/bird to date)

WATER CONSUMPTION1

(ml/bird/day)

AVG. EGG WEIGHT2

(g /egg)

FEED PER EGG

Cumulative(g)

47 94.0 175.9 2.65 1.60 103 19.9 155–206 60.0 11348 93.8 182.3 2.70 1.60 103 20.6 155–206 60.0 11349 93.6 188.6 2.80 1.60 103 21.3 155–206 60.0 11350 93.2 194.9 2.90 1.60 103 22.1 155–206 60.0 11351 93.0 201.3 2.95 1.60 104 22.8 156–208 60.0 11352 93.0 207.6 3.00 1.60 104 23.5 156–208 60.0 11353 92.8 213.8 3.05 1.61 104 24.2 156–208 60.0 11354 92.6 220.1 3.10 1.61 104 25.0 156–208 60.0 11355 92.0 226.3 3.15 1.61 104 25.7 156–208 60.0 11456 91.6 232.5 3.20 1.61 104 26.4 156–208 60.0 11457 91.3 238.6 3.25 1.61 104 27.2 156–208 60.0 11458 91.0 244.8 3.30 1.61 104 27.9 156–208 60.0 11459 90.4 250.9 3.35 1.61 104 28.6 156–208 60.0 11460 90.0 256.9 3.40 1.61 104 29.3 156–208 60.0 11461 89.8 263.0 3.50 1.61 104 30.1 156–208 60.5 11462 89.6 269.0 3.60 1.61 104 30.8 156–208 60.5 11463 89.3 275.0 3.70 1.62 104 31.5 156–208 60.5 11564 89.0 280.9 3.80 1.62 104 32.2 156–208 60.5 11565 89.0 286.9 3.90 1.62 105 33.0 158–210 60.5 11566 88.6 292.8 4.00 1.62 105 33.7 158–210 60.5 11567 88.3 298.7 4.10 1.62 105 34.5 158–210 60.5 11568 88.0 304.6 4.20 1.62 105 35.2 158–210 60.5 11669 87.5 310.4 4.30 1.62 105 35.9 158–210 60.5 11670 87.3 316.2 4.40 1.62 104 36.7 156–208 60.5 11671 87.1 322.0 4.50 1.62 104 37.4 156–208 61.0 11672 87.0 327.8 4.65 1.62 104 38.1 156–208 61.0 11673 86.5 333.5 4.75 1.63 104 38.8 156–208 61.0 11674 86.3 339.2 4.80 1.63 103 39.6 155–206 61.0 11775 86.1 344.9 4.90 1.63 103 40.3 155–206 61.0 11776 86.0 350.6 5.00 1.63 103 41.0 155–206 61.0 11777 85.5 356.2 5.10 1.63 103 41.7 155–206 61.0 11778 85.2 361.8 5.20 1.63 103 42.4 155–206 61.0 11779 85.0 367.4 5.30 1.63 103 43.2 155–206 61.0 11780 84.0 372.9 5.40 1.63 103 43.9 155–206 61.2 11881 83.6 378.4 5.45 1.63 103 44.6 155–206 61.2 11882 83.0 383.8 5.50 1.63 103 45.3 155–206 61.2 11883 82.0 389.2 5.55 1.64 103 46.0 155–206 61.2 11884 81.5 394.5 5.60 1.64 103 46.8 155–206 61.5 11985 81.0 399.7 5.65 1.64 103 47.5 155–206 61.5 11986 80.3 404.9 5.70 1.64 103 48.2 155–206 61.5 11987 80.0 410.1 5.75 1.64 103 48.9 155–206 61.5 11988 79.3 415.3 5.80 1.64 103 49.7 155–206 61.8 12089 79.0 420.4 5.85 1.64 103 50.4 155–206 61.8 12090 78.5 425.4 5.90 1.64 103 51.1 155–206 61.8 12091 78.1 430.5 6.00 1.65 102 51.8 153–204 61.8 12092 78.0 435.5 6.10 1.65 102 52.5 153–204 61.8 12193 77.3 440.4 6.20 1.65 102 53.2 153–204 61.8 12194 77.0 445.4 6.30 1.65 102 53.9 153–204 62.0 12195 76.4 450.2 6.50 1.65 102 54.7 153–204 62.0 12196 76.1 455.1 6.70 1.66 102 55.4 153–204 62.0 12297 76.0 459.9 6.80 1.66 102 56.1 153–204 62.0 12298 75.0 464.7 6.90 1.66 102 56.8 153–204 62.0 12299 74.0 469.3 7.00 1.66 102 57.5 153–204 62.0 123100 73.2 474.0 7.10 1.66 102 58.2 153–204 62.0 123



Automatic feeder

100% paper over wire floor

Nipple or cup drinker

Chick guard

Fiber trays for coccivaccine recycling

for 0–28 days

Automatic feeder

Place feed on paper near automatic feeder to train chicks

Transportation to the Farm• Use a truck designed for transportation of chicks from hatchery to farm.• Truck should be environmentally controlled, maintaining 26–29°C at 70% relative humidity (measured inside chick box);

with a minimum air flow of 0.7 m3 per minute.• Provide space between stacks of chick boxes for air flow.

Chick Placement• Unload boxes quickly and gently place chicks in brooding area.• Brood chicks in groups from similar aged breeder flocks.• Start chicks in upper tiered cages which are usually warmer and brighter. Ensure there are no shadows on drinkers.• Chicks from young breeder flocks should be placed in warmer and brighter areas of the house.

House Preparation before Arrival of Chicks• Brooder house should be completely cleaned and disinfected well in advance of chick delivery. Confirm effectiveness of

cleaning and disinfection with environmental swabs.• Allow 2 weeks minimum downtime between flocks.• For more information on house preparation and brooding management, see the “Growing Management of Commercial

Pullets” technical update, available in English, Tamil, and Telugu at www.hyline.com.• Establish proper house temperature of 33–36°C (air temperature measured at chick level) and 60% humidity

24 hours before chick placement. • Pre-heat brooding houses prior to chick placement: 24 hours in normal climates, 48 hours in cool climates and 72 hours

in cold climates.• Fill automatic feed line to its highest level and adjust chick guards. Allow access to the automatic feeder from the first

day.• Bright light (30–50 lux) during 0–7 days helps chicks quickly find feed and water and adapt to the new environment.

Brooding Management• Place feed on cage paper 0–3 days to encourage consumption. For beak-treated chicks, feed on paper for 0–7 days.• Place feed in front of permanent feeder to train chicks to move toward feeders.• Remove paper at 7–14 days of age to avoid build-up of feces. • Cage floors should not be slippery or sloped.• Use vitamins and electrolytes in chicks’ water (avoid sugar-based products to prevent growth of microorganisms).• Chicks’ body weight should double between arrival and 7 days of age.• Brood chicks in groups from similar aged breeder flocks.• Modify temperature as needed to meet chicks’ comfort needs.• Adjust brooding temperature according to relative humidity. Lower temperature should be used with higher relative

humidity.• Find optimum balance of temperature, humidity and ventilation rate for chick comfort.• For every 5 percentage point increase above 60% relative humidity, reduce brooding temperatures by 1°C.• After the first week, reduce temperature weekly 2–3°C until reaching 21°C.• Do not give cold water to chicks. Be careful when flushing water lines for chicks. Allow water time to warm up in the

house so chicks are comfortable drinking.

Cage Brooding Recommendations

Chick guard adjusted to allow access to feeder from first day

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_PULLET_MGMT_ENG.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_PULLET_MGMT_TAM.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_PULLET_MGMT_TEL.pdf




Automatic feeder Automatic feeder Automatic feeder

CORRECTChicks evenly distributed in cage,

active and sounding content

COLDChicks gathered into groups

sounding distressed

UNEVEN VENTILATIONChicks congregated in one part

of cage, avoiding drafts, noise or uneven light distribution

Relativehumidity HATCHING

80%

BROODINGPERIOD

(0–7 days)

60%GROWING40%

minimum

LAYING40%

minimum

TRANSPORTATION TO FARM

70%

CROP FILL – ARE THE CHICKS EATING? Hours after Chicks chick with feed placement in crop

6 75%

12 85%

24 100%

Chick with starter feed

in crop

Chick without starter feed

in crop

36–42 days

21°C

21°C

5–15 lux

14 hours

29–35 days

21–23°C

23–25°C

5–15 lux

15.5 hours

22–28 days

23–26°C

26–27°C

25 lux

17 hours

15–21 days

26–28°C

29–31°C

25 lux

18.5 hours

0–3 days

33–36°C

35–36°C

30–50 lux

22 hours orIntermittent

Program

AGE

LIGHTINTENSITY

LIGHTHOURS

4–7 days

30–32°C

33–35°C

30–50 lux

21 hours orIntermittent

Program

8–14 days

28–30°C

31–33°C

25 lux

20 hours

AIR TEMP.(FLOOR)

AIR TEMP.(CAGE)

Low humidity• Reduces bird comfort• Increases dehydration • May result in pasty vents

in chicks • May increase agitation and

possibility of pecking• Adversely affects feather cover• Increases dust

Excessive humidity• May cause

wet litter• Increases ammonia• Causes poor air

quality

Brooding temperatures that are too low or too high will decrease the percentage of chicks with crop fill.

Cage Brooding Recommendations (continued)



Cup drinkers Nipple drinkers

Nipple levelwith chick’s head

Cup level withchick’s back

360°

Drinking Systems

4 hours4 hours

4 hours4 hours

2 hours

2 hours

2 hours2 hours

INTERMITTENT LIGHTING PROGRAM FOR CHICKS

• Preferred lighting technique• Use from 0–7 days (can be used up to 14

days of age)• Intermittent dark periods provide rest

periods for chicks• Synchronizes chicks’ activities and feedings• Establishes more natural pattern of rest and

activity• May improve 7 day livability and pullet body

weight• May improve antibody response from

vaccinations• Some dark periods may be shortened or

removed to accommodate work schedules

• Cup drinkers should be manually filled during 0–3 days to train chicks to drink.

• Open drinkers (bell, plasson, supplemental chick drinkers, trough) are easily contaminated and should be cleaned daily.

• An intermittent lighting program is preferred. If not using an intermittent lighting program from 0–7 days, then use 22 hours of light from 0–3 days and 21 hours of light from 4–7 days.

• Do not use 24 hours of light. • Bright light (30–50 lux) during 0–7 days helps chicks quickly find feed and water and adapt to the new environment.• After the first week, reduce light intensity and begin slow step-down lighting program (see Light Program for Light-

Controlled Housing).

Lighting During Brooding Period

• The type of drinkers used during rearing should be the same as in the layer house. Also use the same nipple type in rearing and laying house (vertical vs. 360° nipples).

• Drinking water should be tested periodically for quality and cleanliness from source and end of the water line.• Flush water lines prior to chick arrival. • Flush water lines weekly during rearing and production periods.• Nipple drinkers should deliver minimum 60 ml per minute / nipple, with easy activation of the drinkers by chicks.• Record daily flock water consumption. A drop in water consumption is often the first sign of a serious problem in the

flock.

• Adjust nipple water system pressure to create hanging drop to help chicks find water for 0–3 days and in layer house at transfer.

• Splash cups are useful during brooding period and in hot climates.

• 360° activated nipples make drinking easy for chicks.• Use only 360° activated nipples for hatchery beak-treated

chicks.



HATCHERY INFRARED BEAK TREATMENT (IRBT)• This provides efficient,

uniform beak treatment.• Beak remains intact until

21–28 days of age when treated portion separates.

• Use only 360° activated nipples for IRBT chicks, as well as supplemental chick drinkers.

• For IRBT chicks, feed on paper for 0–7 days.

• For more information, see the “Infrared Beak Treatment” technical update at www.hyline.com and the Infrared Beak Treatment in Chicks (IRBT) poster.

PRECISION BEAK TRIMMING• Cauterize beak for 2 seconds at 650°C.

– When cauterizing blade is not hot enough or cauterization time is < 2 seconds, beak will continue to grow unevenly.

– If cauterizing blade is too hot or cauterization time is > 2 seconds, sensitive neuromas may form.

• Use a pyrometer to accurately measure blade temperature, which should be approximately 650°C.

• Cauterizing blade color may be used as an approximate indicator of temperature.

• Blade temperature variation of up to 40°C is common due to external influences and cannot be detected by the human eye.

• Use a template with guide plate holes for precision beak trim of different size chicks.

• Monitor beak trimming crews to ensure that beaks have been properly and evenly trimmed.

Beak Treatment / Trimming (Check local regulations concerning use of beak trimming)

< 650°C 650°C > 650°C

Template with guide holes

Cauterizing blade (650ºC, cherry red color)

7 days after infrared beak treatment

Photo courtesy of Lyon Technologies, Inc.

Properly trimmed beaks

Immediately following infrared beak treatment on day of hatch

• Hy-Line W-80 commercial layer should be beak treated at hatch by infrared beak treatment or between 7–10 days of age by precision beak trimming.

• If necessary, re-trim at 6 weeks or 12–14 weeks of age. • Hatchery beak treatment or 7–10-day beak trimming reduces feed wastage and leaves the beak less damaging to other

birds.

Pyrometer indicating proper blade temperature of 650°C.

Guide holes correspond to different size and age of chicks

• 3.56 mm• 4.00 mm• 4.37 mm

Infrared beak treatment can be modified according to local conditions.

Precautions when using IRBT or beak trimming birds:• Water intake is the most important factor in the success

of IRBT/beak trimming. Chicks require immediate and easy access to water.

• Do not beak-trim sick or stressed birds.• Do not hurry; handle chicks carefully.• Provide vitamins and electrolytes containing vitamin K

in drinking water 2 days before and 2 days after beak trimming.

• Watch chicks after beak trimming to assess stress. Raise ambient temperature until birds appear comfortable and active.

• Keep feed at the highest level for several days after beak trimming.

• Use only well-trained crews.• Use 360° activated nipples, supplemental chick drinkers

and splash cups to encourage drinking.

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_BEAK_ENG.pdf


http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/IRBT_POSTER_INDIA.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/IRBT_POSTER_INDIA.pdf



Infrared Beak Treatment (IRBT) ScoringHolding the Bird for Scoring• Hold the bird firmly without applying any pressure on

the throat as this may draw the lower beak backwards giving the appearance the lower beak is shorter than it is. At least two people are required to do the scoring plus catchers.

How to Select Birds for Scoring of Treated Beaks• Select 100 birds at random throughout the shed and

assess beak quality to determine the effectiveness of tipping at the nominated times over the life of the flock.

• The birds to be scored must be representative of the flock. The process for selecting a random (or representative) sample of birds is as follows.

• From cages:• Select cages throughout the house• Select cages from the top, middle and lower tiers• Ensure cages are selected from both ends of the house

as well as the middle• Score all the birds in the same cages every time beaks

are assessed.• From a litter and/or slatted floor shed including aviary:

• If you have several sheds with birds the same age, randomly select one shed for sampling

• Divide the shed into 10 sections and randomly select 10 birds from each section

• Score birds from different locations such as littler area, slatted area, perches and various levels or tiers

• An alternative for litter or slatted floored sheds is to set up catching pens at the front and back ends and in the middle and randomly select the appropriate number of birds to score

• Scoring free range birds is easier before they are given access to the range

• If birds are to be scored on the range, score half of the sample in the shed and half on the range

• Sample the birds on the range from various locations• Visually assess the beaks of each bird

• It is preferable to score hens in the afternoon after they have completed lay for the day.

When to Score Treated Beaks• The treatment applied affects beak growth, shape and

length as the bird ages.• At 28 days of age - Identifies gross treatment errors

and unacceptable shapes such as beaks that are non-treated, have a severe hook or a large step (known as shovel beak).

• Before or at transfer of the pullets to the layer facilities, particularly if started stock are purchased - the beak shape indicates if the prescribed treatment has been applied correctly.

• When a bout of pecking occurs or a flock’s flightiness increases - this indicates if the treatment applied is appropriate for the environment the flock lives in.

• Towards the end of lay, if there are concerns about the beak shape, even if pecking is not a problem - indicates if the treatment applied is appropriate for the environment the flock lives in.

• Combine beak scoring with other activities, such as on-farm vaccination or body weight checks.

How to Score Beaks1. Select 100 birds randomly from the flock.2. Hold the bird firmly with the beak in a closed but natural

position. Do not apply any pressure on the throat, as this may cause the lower beak to withdraw backwards and appear shorter.

3. Match the beak shape of each bird to the closest drawing and place a tally mark against each beak rating scale.

4. Add tally marks in each beak rating scale, divide by the total beaks rated, and work out a percentage score.

The distribution of beak shapes within these scores is influenced by the treatment prescription applied.

Scoring Sheets

See the following pages for beak treatment scoring sheets.

Comments on the quality of treatment (e.g. unusual beak shapes) should be included in the comments box at the bottom of the scoring sheet. Photos will help to describe unusual beak shapes.



Infrared Beak Treatment (IRBT) Scoring Sheets

BEAK TREATMENT (IRBT) SCORING SHEET for 28 day old chickensDate Hatchery Age of flock

Farm Hatch date Mortality to 10 days %

Production system* Donor flocks Mortality to date %

Breed Flock size at day old Body weight

Shed/flock ID Flock size at transfer Uniformity %

* cage, aviary, barn, free range

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6. Step is less than 5 mm

7.

TOTAL of all scores _________ TOTAL of 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 scores as % _________

IRBT BEAK TREATMENT SCORING SHEET 3 OF 5ADAPTED FROM APPENDIX G IN ‘MANAGING FOWL BEHAVIOUR’

For birds 28 days oldThe sum of scores 3, 4, 5, or 6 should represent 97% of beaks.



IRBT Scoring Sheets (continued)

BEAK TREATMENT (IRBT) SCORING SHEET for 12–30 week old birdsDate Hatchery Age of flock

Farm Hatch date Mortality to date %

Production system* Donor flocks Body weight

Breed Flock size at day old Uniformity %

Shed/flock ID Flock size at transfer


1.


3.


5.

TOTAL of all scores _________ TOTAL of 2 + 3 + 4 scores as % _________

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %


For birds 12–30 weeks oldThe sum of scores 2, 3, or 4 should represent 97% of beaks. For score 2, the difference in length between the upper and lower beak tips (upper beak over step) must be less than 3 mm. For score 4, the difference in length between the upper and lower beak tips (upper beak under step) must be less than 5 mm. The residual beak length should be 10 mm or more for birds older than 16 weeks.

BEAK TREATMENT (IRBT) SCORING SHEET for 12–30 week old birdsDate Hatchery Age of flock






1.


3.


5.


Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %




IRBT Scoring Sheets (continued)

1.

2.

3.

4.


6.

BEAK TREATMENT (IRBT) SCORING SHEET for birds older than 30 weeksDate Hatchery Age of flock







Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %

Total _________

Score _________ as %


For birds older than 30 weeksThe sum of scores 3, 4, or 5 should represent 97% of beaks. For score 5, the difference in length between the upper and lower beak tips (the beak step) must be less than 5 mm.



Growth and Development• Focus on pullet rearing programs to optimize growth and

development.• The best predictor of future laying performance is the

pullet’s body weight and body type at the point of lay.• A pullet flock entering into egg production at the correct

body weight (1.17–1.20 kg) with uniformity higher than 90% performs best in the production period.

• It is important to achieve 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 week body weight targets to ensure optimum development of the bird’s body.

• Try to exceed body weight goals 0-12 weeks, but avoid excessive body weight gains after 12 weeks.

• Change rearing diets only when recommended body weight is attained. Suggested ages are a guide if target weights are achieved.

• Delay diet change if birds are underweight or have poor body weight uniformity.

• Anticipate rapid rise in ambient temperature and adjust bird’s diet accordingly. Birds will eat less when exposed to a rapid temperature increase. (See the “Understanding Heat Stress in Layers” technical update in English and Telugu at www.hyline.com.)

• Stress periods require a change in diet formulation to ensure proper nutrient intake.

• Increasing dietary fiber to 5–6% beginning with developer diet can increase crop, gizzard and intestine development and capacity.

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40WEEKS OF AGE

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40WEEKS OF AGE

Body weight (g)

1st 2nd 3rd MOLT MOLT MOLT

Immune & Digestive Systems Muscles Fat Cells

SY

ST

EM

DE

VE

LOP

ME

NT

IDEALBREASTMUSCLE

SCORE1–2 2 2–3 3

Skeletal frame developed Sexual maturity – reddening of comb and wattles

Physical maturity

Approximateweekly weight gain (g)

Cortical Bone / Skeletal Growth Medullary Bone

Reproductive TractOvary

BO

DY

WE

IGH

T (

g)

WE

EK

LY W

EIG

HT

GA

IN (

g)

Layers with good muscle development are better able to sustain high egg production

BREAST MUSCLE SCORING

0 1 2 3

1 week 3 weeks 6 weeks 12 weeks 18 weeks 24 weeks

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_HEAT_ENG.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_HEAT_TEL.pdf




Rearing Body Weights, Feed Consumption and Uniformity

Requirements vary with type of equipment used and environmental conditions.

Space Guidelines (check local regulations)

Weigh birds separately after 3 weeks using a digital scale that calculates uniformity.

6 17 20 30 40 50 60 70 80WEEKS OF AGE

CONVENTIONAL AND COLONY CAGESFloor Space

Nipple/Cup

Feeders

90

40 in2 60 in2 65 in2

8 birds / nipple 5 birds / nipple

2.25 in / bird 4 in / bird

4 birds / nipple, access to 2 drinkers

4 in / bird

Transfer to Laying House

• Monitor body weights weekly from 0–30 weeks and before scheduled diet changes.

• Body weight gains and uniformity may be negatively affected by inappropriate diet changes, bird handling, vaccination and transfer.

• Using multiple hatch dates, causing a range of chick ages, will negatively affect uniformity.

• Flocks should be at 90% uniformity at the time of transfer to the laying facility.

• During the transfer of birds from rearing to laying facilities, there will be some loss of body weight.

Weigh 100 birds weekly to 30 weeks of ageAGE

(weeks)BODY WT.

(kg)FEED INTAKE

(g/bird/day)

WATER CONS.

(ml/bird/day)

UNIFORMITY(Cage)

1 0.07 12 18 – 28>85%2 0.12 15 23 – 38

3 0.18 21 32 – 504 0.25 27 41 – 62

>80%

5 0.32 31 47 – 706 0.41 35 53 – 787 0.51 39 59 – 868 0.60 42 63 – 929 0.70 44 66 – 10010 0.78 48 71 – 10511 0.86 51 76 – 11112 0.92 54 80 – 11713 0.98 57 85 – 123

>85%14 1.03 60 89 – 12915 1.08 63 94 – 13516 1.13 67 100 – 14317 1.17 70 104 – 149 >90%18 1.25 74 111 – 162

• Transfer the flock to the production facility by 16 weeks of age or after administration of the last live vaccines.

• Delayed transfer results in overcrowding in rearing cages and loss of flock uniformity. This may result in some birds becoming fat.

• It is important that rearing and production cages use similar feed and water systems, to minimize stress.

• Any sex slips (males) should be removed around 7 weeks and at transfer.

• Supportive care to reduce stress, such as water-soluble vitamins, probiotics, vitamin C and increased dietary density, should be used 3 days before and 3 days after transfer.

• Weigh prior to transfer and monitor weight loss during transfer.

• Monitor flock water consumption frequently after transfer. Pre-transfer water consumption should be achieved within 6 hours after transfer to the laying house.

• Brighten the lights for three days after transfer until birds settle in their new environment.

• Inspect the flock and remove mortality daily.• If mortality exceeds 0.1% per week, perform necropsies

and other diagnostics to determine cause(s) of mortality.• Transfer birds quickly to laying house. Transfer all birds

the same day. Move early in the morning so birds can keep to a normal daily routine.



Management Events for Commercial Layers

01 day

2 days3 days4 days5 days6 days

1 week8 days9 days

10 days11 days12 days13 days

2 weeks

3 weeks

4 weeks

5 weeks

6 weeks

7 weeks

8 weeks

9 weeks

10 weeks

11 weeks

12 weeks

13 weeks

14 weeks

15 weeks

16 weeks

17 weeks

18 weeks

19 weeks

20 weeks

21 weeks

AGE CAGE REARING

{

24-48 hours before chicks arrive Pre-heat the brooding house.

7-10 days Conduct precision beak trimming if not done in the hatchery (check local regulations).

2 weeks Cage paper should be removed by this time. Birds should be divided into cages on different levels to provide more space.

7-13 weeks Remove sex-slips (males) during vaccination handling. Shift the birds from chicks to growing cages or increase the space to 60 in2 per bird.

16 weeks Transfer to the lay house early to allow birds time to acclimate to their new laying environment.Begin light stimulation when pullets reach a body weight of 1.1 kg with more than 85% unifomity. In flocks using multiple pullet source flocks with a range of hatch ages, begin light stimulation with the youngest pullets. In flocks with poor uniformity, begin light stimulation with the lightest pullets.

21 weeks Monitor egg weights every 2 weeks. Start controlling egg weight through feed formulation and house temperature changes when the average egg weight is within 2 g of the target.

14-16 weeks Match layer house light intensity by transfer.

Bird Handling—BE GENTLE• Proper handling of birds during

body weight measurements, blood collection, selection, vaccination, and transfer will reduce bird stress and prevent injuries.

• Hold birds by both legs or both wings.

• Return birds to cage or floor gently.• Use experienced personnel

that have been trained in proper procedures of bird handling.

• Continually observe crews for proper handling.

Hold no more than three birds in one hand.



Management Events for Commercial LayersManagement Events for Commercial Layers

15

20

35

30

25

40

45

50

10

0

5

60

65

70

75

55

80

85

90

WEEKS OF AGE

CALCULATING UNIFORMITY

• Use individual bird weights.• Uniformity calculation tool is

available at www.hyline.com.

AGES OF BODY WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS

• Weigh separate groups of birds on each cage level due to temperature and environmental differences.

• Identify cages from the beginning and end of feed lines.• Mark cages and use the same cage every time body weight is monitored.• Weigh birds on the same day of the week and the same time of day.

0–3 weeks • Bulk weigh 10 boxes of 10 chicks.

4–29 weeks• Weigh 100 birds individually every week.• Weigh birds in the same cages each time for best accuracy. • Calculate uniformity.

30–90 weeks• Weigh 100 birds individually every 5 weeks.• Weigh birds in the same cages each time for best accuracy.• Calculate uniformity.

When handling birds for body weights, assess:• Keel bone—straightness and firmness• Breast muscle score• Body fat• External parasites• Clinical symptoms of disease

AGES OF SERA COLLECTION

For more information, see the “Proper Collection and Handling of Diagnostic Samples” technical update at www.hyline.com. Collect 10–20 sera samples per flock for titer determination.

8 weeks• Assess early vaccination technique and disease exposure.

15 weeks• Collect sera before transfer to lay house to assess possible change in disease exposure.• It is common to not send sera to the laboratory and freeze for future analysis in event of

disease outbreak on lay farm.

16–24 weeks• Collect sera at least 4 weeks after final inactivated vaccination to measure post-vaccination

antibody response.• It is useful to assess disease challenge after transfer to lay farm.

30–80 weeks• Collect sera every 10 weeks.• It is useful for assessing disease exposure during the laying period.

AGES TO MONITOR EGG WEIGHTS

Weigh 100 eggs collected from egg belts in front of randomly selected cages (may be the same cages used for body weight monitoring) to ensure even distribution of egg samples. Monitor egg weights on a specific day of the week within the same 3-hour time frame.

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/body_weights_and_uniformity_Metric.xltx

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_SER_ENG.pdf




Light Program for Light-Controlled Housing

Good Lighting Practices

TIM

E O

F D

AY

Gradual light increases up to 22 weeks of age, 16 hour maximum to end of lay

0123456789

101112131415161718192021222324

0123456789

101112131415161718192021222324

Transfer flock tolaying house

Light stimulation at Ideal Body Weight (1.1 kg with 85% uniformity)

3 4 5 6 7 821 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 179 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 302918 31 32WEEKS OF AGE

1111111111111112½1415½1718½20HOURS OF LIGHT

11 11 11½ 12 13 14 16 1615 1616 1616 16 1616 16 16

LIGHT INTENSITY

25 lux 5-15 lux 30 lux 30-50lux

on

on

on

on

o�

o�

o�

o�

• Measure minimum light intensity at feeder on bottom tier cages, mid-way between lights. • Keep light bulbs clean to prevent loss of light intensity. • Prevent dark areas caused by too much distance between lights or burned-out light bulbs.• Position lights to minimize bright and dark areas in the house. • Shiny or white surfaces reflect light and increase light intensity.• Take local conditions into account which may require adaptations of lighting programs.• Light hours of rearing and production houses should be matched at transfer.• Light intensity should gradually increase 2 weeks before flock is transferred to the laying house (but not prior to 14

weeks of age). Final rearing house light intensity should match the laying house intensity.• Begin light stimulation when flock reaches a body weight of 1.1 kg with more than 85% unifomity. Delay light stimulation

if the flock is underweight or has poor uniformity. • Light stimulation period should extend into the peaking period. • Alternating the height of lights improves light distribution to all cage levels.

• Light-controlled houses are those which use light traps around fans and air inlets and complete prevent the ingress of light from the outside. Houses that are not light controlled should use lighting programs for open-sided housing.

• An intermittent lighting program for chicks is preferred. If not using an intermittent lighting program from 0–7 days, then use 20 hours of light from 0–7 days.

• “Lights on” time can be varied between houses in laying flocks to facilitate egg collection on multiple flock complexes.• If the laying flock has a large spread in hatch ages and/or poor uniformity, light stimulate the flock based on the youngest

hatch date or lightest birds.• Use warm lights (2700–3500 K) in laying flocks to ensure sufficient red spectrum light.• For more information on poultry lighting, see the “Understanding Poultry Lighting” and “Impact of Tarp Color on Poultry

Lighting” technical updates at www.hyline.com.

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_LIGHT_ENG.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_TARP_ENG.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_TARP_ENG.pdf


Light Program for Open-Sided HousingT

IME

OF

DAY

0123456789

101112131415161718192021222324

0123456789

101112131415161718192021222324

Transfer flock to growing house

Light stimulation at ideal body weight (1.1 kg with 85% uniformity)

3 4 5 6 7 820 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 179 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30+2918 32WEEKS OF AGE

13141516171920

HOURS OF LIGHT

13 14 15 1614½ 1615½ 1616 16 1616 16 16

LIGHT INTENSITY

5–15 lux 30–50 lux

on

on

on

o�

o�

25 lux 30 lux20–25 lux

Transfer flock tolaying house

Natural sun light

Growing PeriodAge

(weeks) Light Hours

1 20

2 19

3 17

4 16

5 15

6 14

7 13

8 to stimulation natural daylight

Stimulation and Laying PeriodAge

(weeks) Light Hours

17 BW=1100 g with 85% uniformity

18 +1 hr

19 +1 hr

20 +½ hr

21 +½ hr

22 +½ hr

23 15–16

24 15–16



The Hy-Line International Lighting Program can create custom lighting programs for your location and flock hatch date. The program finds the longest natural day length between 12–17 weeks of age and constructs an artificial lighting program that holds day length constant with artificial lights from 12–17 weeks. This prevents the flock from being stimulated by natural light before achieving the proper body weights.

Same lighting program with sunrise and sunset represented by yellow and red lines and suggested artificial day length indicated by blue bars

21:0

0

19:3

0

18:0

0

16:3

0

15:1

5

14:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5

13:1

5 14:1

5

14:3

0

14:4

5

15:0

0

15:1

5

15:3

0

15:3

0

15:4

5

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

16:0

0

0:00

1:00

2:00

3:00

4:00

5:00

6:00

7:00

8:00

9:00

10:00

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

19:00

20:00

21:00

22:00

23:00

24:00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36+

Tim

e of

day

(hou

rs)

Age (weeks)

Sunrise Sunset Total Hours of Light

Hy-Line Lighting Program W-80 Commercial Open grow to open lay Hatch Date: 01-Mar-18

29-Mar-18 1-Mar-18 26-Apr-18 24-May-18 21-Jun-18 19-Jul-18 16-Aug-18 13-Sep-18 11-Oct-18

Lighting Program for : INDIA / VIJAYAWADA 80° 39' E 16° 30' N

Variety: W-80 CommercialHouse Type: Open grow to open layHatch Date: 1-Mar-18 Standard daylight time

Weeks of Age Date Sunrise Lights on Lights Off SunsetTotal Hours of

Light Total Sunlight0 1-Mar-18 6:25 1:45 22:45 18:14 21:00 11:491 8-Mar-18 6:20 2:30 22:00 18:15 19:30 11:552 15-Mar-18 6:15 3:15 21:15 18:17 18:00 12:023 22-Mar-18 6:10 4:00 20:30 18:18 16:30 12:084 29-Mar-18 6:04 4:30 19:45 18:19 15:15 12:155 5-Apr-18 5:59 5:00 19:15 18:20 14:15 12:216 12-Apr-18 5:54 5:30 18:45 18:22 13:15 12:287 19-Apr-18 5:49 5:30 18:45 18:23 13:15 12:348 26-Apr-18 5:45 5:30 18:45 18:25 13:15 12:409 3-May-18 5:41 5:30 18:45 18:27 13:15 12:4610 10-May-18 5:38 5:30 18:45 18:29 13:15 12:5111 17-May-18 5:36 5:30 18:45 18:31 13:15 12:5512 24-May-18 5:34 5:30 18:45 18:33 13:15 12:5913 31-May-18 5:33 5:30 18:45 18:36 13:15 13:0314 7-Jun-18 5:33 5:30 18:45 18:38 13:15 13:0515 14-Jun-18 5:34 5:30 18:45 18:40 13:15 13:0616 21-Jun-18 5:35 5:30 18:45 18:42 13:15 13:0717 28-Jun-18 5:37 5:00 19:15 18:43 14:15 13:0618 5-Jul-18 5:39 5:00 19:30 18:44 14:30 13:0519 12-Jul-18 5:41 4:45 19:30 18:44 14:45 13:0320 19-Jul-18 5:43 4:45 19:45 18:43 15:00 13:0021 26-Jul-18 5:46 4:30 19:45 18:41 15:15 12:5522 2-Aug-18 5:48 4:30 20:00 18:39 15:30 12:5123 9-Aug-18 5:49 4:30 20:00 18:35 15:30 12:4624 16-Aug-18 5:51 4:30 20:15 18:31 15:45 12:4025 23-Aug-18 5:52 4:15 20:15 18:27 16:00 12:3526 30-Aug-18 5:53 4:15 20:15 18:22 16:00 12:2927 6-Sep-18 5:54 4:15 20:15 18:16 16:00 12:2228 13-Sep-18 5:55 4:15 20:15 18:11 16:00 12:1629 20-Sep-18 5:56 4:15 20:15 18:05 16:00 12:0930 27-Sep-18 5:56 4:15 20:15 17:59 16:00 12:0331 4-Oct-18 5:57 4:15 20:15 17:54 16:00 11:5732 11-Oct-18 5:59 4:15 20:15 17:49 16:00 11:5033 18-Oct-18 6:00 4:15 20:15 17:44 16:00 11:4434 25-Oct-18 6:02 4:15 20:15 17:40 16:00 11:3835 1-Nov-18 6:04 4:15 20:15 17:36 16:00 11:32

36+ 4:15 20:15 16:00

This lighting program is created from a formula based on global location and housing style. This program may need to be further adapted to better fit local conditions. Please email [email protected] for further questions or technical assistance.

Customized Lighting Programs for Open-Sided Housing (www.hyline.com)

• On the first screen—enter e-mail address and select language.

• On the second screen, use dropdowns for “Select Location of Flock”, “Hatch Date”, “Variety Standards” and “Housing Style.”

• Click on “Create Lighting Spreadsheet.”• Results will be e-mailed to you.

http://sales.hyline.com/WebLighting/WebLighting.aspx



Use of Shades in Open-Sided Housing

• Shades are an effective way to decrease light intensity in an open-sided house.• Keep shades clean and free of dust to allow air flow.• Use stir fans when using shades.• Avoid direct sunlight on birds by using shades or roof overhangs.• Black shades are preferred.

16 hours

MidnightFeeding1 hour

MidnightFeedingor Dark

END OF DAYSTART OF DAY

3 hours3 hours

Midnight Feeding / Lighting Program• Optional lighting technique that promotes greater feed consumption• Used whenever more feed intake is desired in rearing or laying flocks• Increases calcium absorption during night when most egg shell is formed• Useful to increase feed intake during peak egg production• Helps maintain feed consumption in hot climates• Midnight feeding may increase feed intake

2–5 g / day per bird

Good Practices• Initiate the program by turning lights on for 1–2 hours in

the middle of the dark period.• Fill feeders before lights are turned on.• There must be at least 3 hours of dark before and after

the midnight feeding.• Light provided during the midnight feeding is in addition

to regular day length (i.e. 16 hours + midnight feeding).• If midnight feeding is removed, reduce light gradually

at a rate of 15 minutes per week.

For information on management of layers in heat stress conditions, see the "Understanding Heat Stress in Layers” technical update, available in both English and Telugu at www.hyline.com.

Additionally, a Best Management Practices During Summer poster is available for download.

Heat Stress

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_HEAT_ENG.pdf

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_HEAT_TEL.pdf


http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/SUMMER_POSTER_INDIA.pdf



Water Quality

ITEM

MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION(ppm or mg/L)*

Nitrate NO3ˉ 1 25

Older birds will tolerate higher levels up to 20 ppm. Stressed or diseased challenged birds may be more sensitive to effects of Nitrate.

Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-N) 1 6

Nitrite NO2- 1 4

Nitrite is considerably more toxic than Nitrate, especially for young birds where 1 ppm Nitrite may be considered toxic.

Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-N ) 1 1

Total dissolved solids 2 1000Levels up to 3000 ppm may not affect performance but could increase manure moisture.

Chloride (Cl-) 1 250 Levels as low as 14 mg may be problematic if sodium is higher than 50 ppm.

Sulfate (SO4-) 1 250 Higher levels may be laxative.

Iron (Fe) 1 <0.3 Higher levels result in bad odor and taste.

Magnesium (Mg) 1 125Higher levels may be laxative. Levels above 50 ppm may be problematic if sulphate levels are high.

Potassium (K) 2 20 Higher levels may be acceptable depending on sodium level, alkalinity and pH.

Sodium (Na) 1,2 50Higher concentration is acceptable but concentrations above 50 ppm should be avoided if high levels of chloride, sulphate or potassium exist.

Manganese (Mn) 3 0.05 Higher levels may be laxative.

Arsenic (As) 2 0.5Fluoride (F - ) 2 2Aluminum (Al) 2 5

Boron (B) 2 5

Cadmium (Cd) 2 0.02

Cobalt (Co) 2 1

Copper (Cu) 1 0.6 Higher levels result in bitter taste.

Lead (Pb) 1 0.02 Higher levels are toxic.

Mercury (Hg) 2 0.003 Higher levels are toxic.

Zinc (Zn) 1 1.5 Higher levels are toxic.

pH 1 6.3–7.5Birds may adapt to lower pH. Below pH 5 may reduce water intake and corrode metal fittings. Above pH 8 may reduce intake and reduce effectiveness of water sanitation.

Total bacteria counts 3 1000 CFU/ml Likely to indicate dirty water.

Total Coliform bacteria 3 50 CFU/ml

Fecal Coliform bacteria 3 0 CFU/ml

Oxygen Reduction Potential (ORP) 3

650–750 mEqThe ORP range at which 2–4 ppm of free chlorine will effectively sanitize water at a favorable pH range of 5–7.

* Limits may be lower as interactions exist between magnesium and sulphate; and between sodium, potassium, chloride and sulphate.1 Carter & Sneed, 1996. Drinking Water Quality for Poultry, Poultry Science and Technology Guide, North Carolina State University Poultry Extension Service. Guide

no. 42 2 Marx and Jaikaran, 2007. Water Analysis Interpretation. Agri-Facts, Alberta Ag-Info Centre. Refer to http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/app84/rwqit for online Water

Analysis Tool3 Watkins, 2008. Water: Identifying and Correcting Challenges. Avian Advice 10(3): 10-15 University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, Fayetteville

• Good quality water must be available to birds at all times.• Water and feed consumption are directly related—when

birds drink less, they consume less feed and production quickly declines.

• As a general rule, healthy birds will consume 1.5–2.0 times more water than feed. This ratio increases in high ambient temperatures.

• Test water quality at least 1 time per year. The water source will determine the regularity of water testing.– Surface water requires more frequent testing, as it is

more affected by season and rainfall patterns.– Closed wells taking water from aquifers or deep

artesian basins will be more consistent in water quality, but are generally higher in dissolved mineral content.

• The presence of coliform bacteria is an indicator that the water source has been contaminated with animal or human waste.

• When collecting a well water sample, let the water run for 2 minutes prior to collecting the sample. Water samples should be kept below 10°C and submitted to the lab in less than 24 hours.

• Some water sources contain high levels of dissolved minerals such as calcium, sodium and magnesium. When this occurs, amounts of these minerals in water have to be considered when formulating feed.

• Ideal water pH is 5–7 to promote good water sanitation, increase feed consumption and improve upper gastrointestinal health.

• Less than optimum water quality can have a significant impact on intestinal health, which will lead to under utilization of nutrients in feed.

• A decrease in flock water consumption is often the first sign of health problems and production drops.

http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/app84/rwqit



Fine calcium (0–2 mm) Coarse calcium (2–4 mm)

Photos courtesy of Longcliff Quarries Ltd.

Air QualityAir Movement (m3 / hour per 1000 birds)

AMBIENT TEMP.

(°C)

WEEKS OF AGE

1 3 6 12 18 19+

32 340 510 1020 2550 5950 4650–9350

21 170 255 510 1275 2550 4250–5100

10 120 170 340 680 1870 2550–3400

0 70 130 230 465 1260 850–1300

-12 70 100 170 340 500 600–850

-23 70 100 170 340 500 600–680

Acknowledgment: Dr. Hongwei Xin, Professor, Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering and Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA

• Production house should be at 18–25°C and 40–60% humidity.

• The general rule for determining required fan capacity—4 m3 of air movement / kilogram of body weight per hour.

• Ventilation is essential to:

– Remove moisture from house

– Remove excessive heat

– Provide each bird with an adequate supply of oxygen

– Remove carbon dioxide produced by birds

– Remove dust particles

– Dilute aerosolized pathogenic organisms• Allowable levels of gases at floor level in the house are:

ammonia (NH3) < 25 ppm; carbon dioxide (CO2) < 5000 ppm; carbon monoxide (CO) < 50 ppm.

Calcium Particle Size

PARTICLE SIZESTARTER, GROWER,

DEVELOPERPRE-LAY WEEKS 17+

Fine (0–2 mm) 100% 50% 30%

Coarse (2–4 mm) – 50% 70%

• The appropriate particle size depends on the solubility of limestone.

• Dietary calcium levels may need to be adjusted based on limestone solubility.

• Limestone dark in color is geologically older, containing more impurities (typically magnesium) and is generally lower in solubility and calcium availability.

• Oyster shell and other marine shells are good sources of soluble calcium.



Vitamins and Trace Minerals

Feed Particle Size (Grist)A sieve shaker separates a feed sample into categories based on particle size.

• Use on the farm to check feed particle size from the feed mill—sample taken on delivery or from feed bins.• Use to assess the uniformity of feed particle size throughout the feeding system—samples are taken from various points.

Too many fine feed particles:• Feed intake and nutrient absorption decreases• Dust in house increases

Too many coarse feed particles:• Birds selectively eat large particles• Risk of feed separation increases

Hy-Line Sieve Shaker

• As the vitamin / trace mineral premix is often found in fine feed particles, a minimum level of 0.5% added liquid oil / fat in diets binds small particles in feed.

OPTIMAL FEED PARTICLE PROFILES

PARTICLE SIZE STARTER GROWER DEVELOPER PRODUCTION

< 1 mm1–3 mm diameter,

crumble feed should contain < 10% fine feed

particles

< 15% < 15% < 15%

1–2 mm 45–60% 25–35% 20–30%

2–3 mm 10–25% 25–40% 30–40%

> 3 mm – 5–10% 10–15%

For more information, see the “Feed Granulometry” technical update at www.hyline.com.

Best Practices• A 3–4 hour gap between mid-day feedings allows birds to consume fine particles. Daily consumption of fine feed

particles is important for a balanced nutrient intake.• Add a minimum of 0.5% liquid oil / fat in mash diets to incorporate and retain small particles in feed.• Use larger particle size mash or crumble to increase intakes in hot climates.

1 Minimum recommendations for rearing and laying periods. Local regulations may limit dietary content of individual vitamins or minerals.

2 Store premixes according to supplier’s recommendations and observe ‘use by’ dates to ensure vitamin activity is maintained. Inclusion of antioxidant may improve premix stability.

3 Vitamin and mineral recommendations vary according to activity.

4 Where heat treatment is applied to diet, higher levels of vitamins may be required. Consult with vitamin supplier regarding stability through individual production processes.

5 A proportion of Vitamin D3 can be supplemented as 25-hydroxy D3 according to supplier’s recommendations and applicable limits.

6 Higher levels of Niacin are recommended in non-cage systems.

7 Greater bioavailability and productivity may be possible with use of chelated mineral sources.

IN 1000 KG COMPLETE DIETITEM 1,2,3,4 Rearing Period Laying Period

Vitamin A, IU 10,000,000 8,000,000

Vitamin D35, IU 3,300,000 3,300,000

Vitamin E, g 25 20

Vitamin K (menadione), g 3.5 2.5

Thiamin (B1), g 2.2 2.5

Riboflavin (B2), g 6.6 5.5

Niacin (B3)6, g 40 30

Pantothenic acid (B5), g 10 8

Pyridoxine (B6), g 4.5 4

Biotin (B7), mg 100 75

Folic acid (B9), g 1 0.9

Cobalamine (B12), mg 23 23

Manganese7, g 90 90

Zinc7, g 85 80

Iron7, g 30 40

Copper7, g 15 8

Iodine, g 1.5 1.2

Selenium7, g 0.25 0.22

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_PART_ENG.pdf




Phase Feeding to Meet the W-80’s Nutritional Needs

Crumbleor mash * Mash

* Crumble may be fed longer to encourage body weight gain

1512 1863 79WEEKS OF AGE

0

10

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30

40

50

60

70

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90

100

Hen-day egg production (%)

100

FEE

DIN

G P

HA

SE

Chan

ge d

iet a

t (a

body

wei

ght o

f)or

(a p

rodu

ctio

n le

vel o

f)

Brooding 18–21°C 20–25°C Only change 1° every 2 weeksOnly change 1° every 2 weeks

HE

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AY E

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AV

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E E

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IGH

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2800

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Change diet based on % of production and egg sizeChange diet basedon body weight

HOUSE TEMPERATURE: Use temperature to control feed consumption and egg size

FEED FORM:

STA

RT

ER

1 (1

90 g

)

STA

RT

ER

2 (4

30 g

)

GR

OW

ER

(960

g)

PR

E-L

AY

(10-

14 d

ays

prio

r 1st

egg

)

PE

AK

ING

(F

irst

egg

unt

il 80

% o

fpr

oduc

tion)

LAY

ER

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(Pea

k un

til 9

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ER

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)

LAY

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s th

an 8

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DE

VE

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ER

(112

0 g)

38

Control of Ambient House Temperature• At housing, an ambient temperature of 18–20°C is

desired. Increase house temperature about 1°C every 2 weeks until reaching 25°C, assuming ventilation systems are able to maintain adequate air quality at these temperatures.

• Lower (colder) house temperatures after peak will lead to greater feed intakes and may be counterproductive to egg-weight control, as well as optimal feed efficiency and adult hen body weights.

• Place temperature sensors to measure temperature inside of cage. The temperature in walkways is significantly colder than the temperature inside cages, especially in stack deck belted house systems.

• High environmental temperatures have a depressing effect on feed intake.

Controlling Egg Weight• Closely monitor egg weight of each flock and make

nutritional changes as needed to ensure optimal egg weight.

• If smaller eggs are desired, egg weight should be controlled at an early age.

• Egg-weight control is achieved by limiting amino acid consumption and ensuring that feed intake is not too high.

• Monitor egg weight every 2 weeks until 35 weeks of age, then every 5 weeks. Start controlling egg weight when average egg weight is within 2 g of target.



Rearing Period Nutritional Recommendations

1 Do not feed Pre-Lay Diet earlier than 15 weeks of age. Do not feed Pre-Lay later than first egg as it contains insufficient calcium to support egg production. Use Pre-Lay Diet to introduce large particle calcium.

2 Ap. metabolizable energy levels can be changed according to temperature, techincal and economical performance3 Recommendation for Total Amino Acids is only appropriate to corn and soybean meal diet. Where diets utilize other ingredients, recommendations for

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids must be followed. 4 Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of crude protein in diet will vary with raw materials used.

Crude protein value provided is an estimated typical value only.5 Calcium should be supplied as fine calcium carbonate (mean particle size less than 2 mm). Coarse limestone (2–4 mm)

can be introduced in Pre-Lay Diet at up to 50% of total limestone.6 Where other phosphorus systems are used, diets should contain recommended minimum level of available phosphorus. 7 Oil levels can be increased to 2.0% in starter diets when given as a mash to control dust and increase feed palatability.8 Avoid excessive body weight gain after 12 weeks.

4 5 6 7 8 9321 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18100WEEKS OF AGE

BO

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Body weight (g)

CHANGE DIET AT A BODY WEIGHT OF

Feed consumption (g / day per bird)

FEE

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MP

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N (

g /

day

per

bir

d)

Change diet based on body weight

STARTER 1190 g

STARTER 2430 g

GROWER8

960 g PRE-LAY1,8

10-14 days prior 1st egg

DEVELOPER1120 g

NUTRITION RECOMMENDED NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONAp. metabolizable energy2,

kcal/kg 2950 2850 2750 2650 2730

Lysine, % 1.02 / 1.12 0.94 / 1.03 0.82 / 0.89 0.70 / 0.68 0.72 / 0.78

Methionine, % 0.45 / 0.49 0.43 / 0.46 0.39 / 0.43 0.32 / 0.30 0.35 / 0.38

Methionine+Cystine,% 0.78 / 0.87 0.74 / 0.83 0.66 / 0.74 0.59 / 0.59 0.62 / 0.70

Threonine, % 0.66 / 0.78 0.61 / 0.71 0.55 / 0.64 0.48 / 0.51 0.50 / 0.58

Tryptophan, % 0.18 / 0.21 0.17 / 0.20 0.17 / 0.20 0.15 / 0.16 0.16 / 0.19

Arginine, % 1.06 / 1.15 0.98 / 1.05 0.85 / 0.91 0.73 / 0.70 0.75 / 0.81

Isoleucine, % 0.72 / 0.77 0.67 / 0.72 0.61 / 0.65 0.53 / 0.50 0.56 / 0.61

Valine, % 0.74 / 0.81 0.69 / 0.76 0.64 / 0.71 0.57 / 0.55 0.61 / 0.68

Crude protein4, % 20.00 18.25 17.50 15.50 16.50

Calcium5,, % 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90 2.50

Phosphorus (available)6, % 0.48 0.47 0.45 0.40 0.43

Phosphorus (digestible), % 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.35 0.38

Sodium, % 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.18

Chloride, % 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.18

Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6)7, % 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20

Choline, mg/kg 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300 1,300

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids / Total Amino Acids3



Transition Period from Rear to Peak Egg Production

Pre-LayRation

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%)

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Peaking Ration

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115 /

Body weight (g)

Egg weight (g)

Feed consumption (g / day per bird)

Frequently formulate to changing feed consumption during transition period until feed consumption is consistent.

17 18 19 20 211615 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36


Pre-Peaking Ration

Transition Period• Avoid excessive weight gain during

the transition period. • Body weight gain from 18-25 weeks

should not exceed 20%.• Occurring during the transition

period:– Rapidly increasing egg production – Increasing egg size – Increasing body weight

• Feed consumption may increase slowly during transition:– In underweight birds– In flocks lacking uniformity – During high environmental

temperatures• Poor uniformity prolongs the

transition period and may result in low peak and poor persistency of egg production.

• Monitor feed intake carefully during transition and adjust dietary nutrient concentration according to actual feed intakes.

Pre-Lay Ration• Plan to feed for a

maximum of 10–14 days before point of lay.

• Feed when most pullets show reddening of combs.

• It is important to increase medullary bone reserves.

• Begin introducing large particle calcium in Pre-Lay Diet.

• Discontinue pre-lay feeding with the commencement of egg production.

Peaking Ration• Birds should continue to

grow during peaking period. Poor nutrition during this period can lead to loss of body weight and soft bones.

• Feed intake may be reduced if birds are not accustomed to extra large particle calcium (i.e. not using a Pre-Lay Diet).

• Monitor keel bone development during the peaking period. For more information on keel bone scoring, see the “Understanding the Role of the Skeleton in Egg Production” technical update at www.hyline.com.

Pre-Peaking Ration• Formulations for low

feed intakes (80–85 g/day/bird) should be given as the flock enters egg production to better meet nutrient requirements.

• Begin Pre-Peaking Diet with onset of lay (1% egg production).

• Pre-Peaking Diet is given until average feed consumption reaches 95 g/day/bird.

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/TU_SKELETON_ENG.pdf






Production Period Nutritional Recommendations1,2

25 30 35 40 45 502018 60 65 70 75 80 85 9055 10095WEEKS OF AGE

FEEDING PHASE PRODUCTION

0

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%)

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)

Change diet based on % of production and egg size


Egg weight (g)

PEAKING3

First egg until 80% production

LAYER 2Peak to 90%

LAYER 389–85%

LAYER 4Less than 85%

IDEAL PROTEIN REFERENCE

PEAKING PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4

Lysine 100% 100% 100% 100%

Methionine 50% 49% 48% 48%

M+C 90% 89% 88% 87%

Threonine 70% 70% 70% 70%

Tryptophan 22% 22% 22% 22%

Arginine 104% 104% 104% 104%

Isoleucine 82% 81% 80% 80%

Valine 90% 89% 88% 88%

CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS

Calcium7,8 g/day

Phosphorus (available)7,9

mg/day

Phosphorus (digestible)

mg/day

Calcium Particle Size (fine : coarse)

Weeks 18–32 4.00 447 401 40% : 60%

Weeks 33–55 4.15 421 381 35% : 65%

Weeks 56–72 4.30 395 356 30% : 70%

Weeks 73–85 4.45 369 334 25% : 75%

Weeks 86+ 4.60 344 309 25% : 75%

NUTRITION RECOMMENDED DAILY NUTRIENT INTAKEAp. metabolizable energy4,

kcal/day 280–300 280–300 280–300 280–300

Lysine, mg/day 750 / 821 720 / 788 690 / 755 660 / 723

Methionine, mg/day 371 / 399 352 / 379 334 / 359 316 / 340

Methionine+Cystine, mg/day 675 / 761 641 / 723 607 / 685 574 / 648

Threonine, mg/day 525 / 618 504 / 593 483 / 568 462 / 544

Tryptophan, mg/day 165 / 197 158 / 189 152 / 181 145 / 174

Arginine, mg/day 780 / 839 749 / 805 718 / 772 686 / 738

Isoleucine, mg/day 615 / 661 583 / 627 552 / 594 528 / 568

Valine, mg/day 675 / 744 641 / 707 607 / 670 581 / 641

Crude protein6, g/day 17.40 16.80 16.00 15.40

Sodium, mg/day 180 170 170 170

Chloride, mg/day 180 170 170 170

Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), g/day 2.00 2.00 1.60 1.50

Choline, mg/day 180 180 180 180

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids / Total Amino Acids5



Dietary Nutrient Concentrations for Production Period1,2 (According to Phase and Feed Intake)

FEEDING PHASE

PRODUCTION

PEAKING3

First egg until 80% production

LAYER 2Peak to 90%

LAYER 3 89–85%

LAYER 4Less than 85%

NUTRITION RECOMMENDED CONCENTRATION1

Ap. metabolizable energy4, kcal/day 280–300 280–300 280–300 280–300

FEED CONSUMPTION (*Typical Feed Consumption)

g/day per bird 85 90 95* 100 105 85 90 95* 100 105 110 95 100 105* 110 115 100 105 110* 115 120

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids

Lysine, % 0.88 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.85 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.65 0.73 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.55

Methionine, % 0.44 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.34 0.32 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.26

Methionine+Cystine,% 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.75 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.57 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.48

Threonine, % 0.62 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.59 0.56 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.51 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.39

Tryptophan, % 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12

Arginine, % 0.92 0.87 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.88 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.76 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.69 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.57

Isoleucine, % 0.72 0.68 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.69 0.65 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44

Valine, % 0.79 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.64 0.75 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.58 0.55 0.53 0.51 0.48

Total Amino Acids5

Lysine, % 0.97 0.91 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.93 0.88 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.79 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.63 0.60

Methionine, % 0.47 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.28

Methionine+Cystine,% 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.85 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.69 0.66 0.72 0.69 0.65 0.62 0.60 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54

Threonine, % 0.73 0.69 0.65 0.62 0.59 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.47 0.45

Tryptophan, % 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15

Arginine, % 0.99 0.93 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.95 0.89 0.85 0.81 0.77 0.73 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.64 0.62

Isoleucine, % 0.78 0.73 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.74 0.70 0.66 0.63 0.60 0.57 0.63 0.59 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.57 0.54 0.52 0.49 0.47

Valine, % 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.83 0.79 0.74 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.71 0.67 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.56 0.53

Crude protein6, % 20.47 19.33 18.32 17.40 16.57 19.76 18.67 17.68 16.80 16.00 15.27 16.84 16.00 15.24 14.55 13.91 15.40 14.67 14.00 13.39 12.83

Sodium, % 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14

Chloride, % 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14

Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6), % 2.35 2.22 2.11 2.00 1.90 2.35 2.22 2.11 2.00 1.90 1.82 1.68 1.60 1.52 1.45 1.39 1.50 1.43 1.36 1.30 1.25

Choline, mg/kg 2118 2000 1895 1800 1714 2118 2000 1895 1800 1714 1636 1895 1800 1714 1636 1565 1800 1714 1636 1565 1500

1 All nutrient requirements are based on the feed ingredient table at the back of this guide.2 Crude protein, methionine+cystine, fat, linoleic acid, and / or energy may be changed to optimize egg size.3 Peaking nutrient levels are calculated for birds at peak egg production. Prior to achieving peak egg production, the nutrient requirements will be lower.4 A good approximation of the influence of temperature on energy needs is that for each 0.5°C change higher or lower than 22°C, subtract or add about 1.8 kcal /bird

/day, respectively. 5 Recommendation for Total Amino Acids is only appropriate to corn and soybean meal diet. Where diets utilize other ingredients, recommendations for

Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acids must be followed.6 Diets should always be formulated to provide required intake of amino acid. Concentration of crude protein in diet will vary with raw material used. Crude protein

value provided is an estimated typical value only.7 Calcium and available phosphorus requirements are determined by flock age. When production remains higher and diets are fed for longer than ages shown, it is

recommended to increase to calcium and phosphorus concentrations of next feeding phase.8 Calcium carbonate particle size recommendation varies throughout lay. Refer to Calcium Particle Size Table. Dietary calcium levels may need to be adjusted

based on limestone solubility. 9 Where other phosphorus systems are used, diets should contain recommended minimum level of available phosphorus.

CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS CHANGES BASED ON FEED INTAKEWeeks 18–32 Weeks 33–55 Weeks 56–72 Weeks 73–85 Weeks 86+

Feed Consumption, g/day per bird 95 100 105 110 115 95 100 105 110 115 95 100 105 110 115 95 100 105 110 115 95 100 105 110 115

Calcium7,8, % 4.21 4.00 3.81 3.64 3.48 4.42 4.20 4.00 3.82 3.65 4.63 4.40 4.19 4.00 3.83 4.84 4.60 4.38 4.18 4.00 4.95 4.70 4.48 4.27 4.09

Phosphorus (available)7,9, % 0.44 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.27

Phosphorus (digestible), % 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.37 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.25 0.24



Disease ControlA flock of pullets or layers can only perform up to its genetic potential when disease influence is minimized. The diseases of economic importance vary widely between locations, but in every case the challenge is to identify and control those diseases.

BiosecurityBiosecurity is the best method of avoiding diseases. A good biosecurity program identifies and controls the most likely ways a disease could enter the farm.

• Human and equipment movement onto the farm should be strictly controlled.

• Visitors to the farm should be limited to those essential for its operation.

• Visits should be documented in a logbook. • All visitors and workers should shower at a central

location before entering. • Clean boots, clothing and head cover should be provided

for workers and visitors.• Clean footbaths containing disinfectant should be placed

outside entries to all poultry houses.• If possible, avoid using outside crews or equipment for

vaccination, moving, and beak trimming.• Ideally, workers should be limited to a single house.• For those visiting a number of flocks, flocks visited

on one day should be limited. Always progress from younger to older and from healthy to sick flocks. After visiting a sick flock, no other houses should be entered.

• Removal of flocks from the farm is an opportunity for disease to be introduced, as trucks and crews have often been on other farms.

• A single-aged rearing farm using an all-in, all-out principle is best to prevent transmission of disease from older flocks to younger, susceptible flocks.

• Houses should be designed to prevent exposure to wild birds, insects and rodents.

• Quickly and properly dispose of dead chickens.

RodentsRodents are known carriers of many poultry diseases and the most common reason for re-contamination of a cleaned and disinfected poultry facility. They are also responsible for house-to-house spread of disease on a farm.

• The farm should be free of debris and tall grass that provide a hiding area for rodents.

• The perimeter of each house should have a 1 m wide area of crushed rock or concrete to prevent rodents from burrowing into the house.

• Feed and eggs should be stored in rodent-proof areas.• Bait stations should be placed throughout the house and

maintained with fresh rodenticide.

Cleaning and DisinfectionCleaning and disinfection of the house between flocks reduces infection pressure for the next flock.

• Allow a minimum of 2 weeks downtime between flocks.• All feed and manure should be removed from the house

before cleaning.• Thoroughly clean air inlets, fan housing, fan blades and

fan louvers.• Heating the house during washing improves the removal

of organic matter.

• The house should be cleaned of organic matter with a high-pressure spray of warm water.

• Use foam / gel detergent to soak into organic matter and equipment.

• Wash the upper portion of the house before the pit.• Use high pressure warm water to rinse.• Allow the house to dry.• After it is fully dry, apply foam / spray disinfectant

followed by fumigation.• Flush and sanitize water lines.• The monitoring of poultry houses for the presence of

Salmonella, particularly Salmonella enteritidis, by routine environmental testing is recommended.

• Allow the house to dry before repopulating.

Vertically Transmitted Diseases• Some diseases are known to be transmitted from

infected breeders to progeny.• Disease-free breeders are the first step in control of these

diseases for commercial layers. • All breeders directly under Hy-Line International’s control

are free of lymphoid leukosis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae, Salmonella pullorum, Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium and other Salmonella species.

• Due to the possibility of horizontal transmission of these diseases, later generations may not remain free.

• It is the responsibility of breeding and commercial flock owners to prevent horizontal transmission of these diseases and to continue testing to be assured of a negative status.

COCCIDIAThis parasitic infection of the intestines may lead to gut damage and, in severe infestations, death. More commonly, poor control of sub-clinical infection reduces feed conversion or leaves pullets with chronic, irreversible gut damage. Pullet flocks may be uneven or underweight at housing and not perform to their full potential in lay. Control of coccidia includes the following measures (check local regulations):

• Use ionophores or chemicals on a step-down program to ensure immunity in pullets.

• Live vaccine use is an alternative to anti-coccidial drug treatments.

• Live vaccines are available that can be administered by spray in the hatchery or by feed or water application during the first few days in the brooder house.

• Control of flies and beetles, which are vectors of coccidia spread.

• Thorough cleaning and disinfection of houses reduces challenge pressure.

• Limit bird access to manure belts.• Cocci vaccines require cycling; discuss this with the

vaccine manufacturer.



0102030405060708090100

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%)

Eg

g w

eig

ht

(g)

Bo

dy

wei

gh

t (g

)

HEN-DAY EGG PRODUCTION (%)MORTALITY (%)EGG WEIGHT (g)

BODY WEIGHT (g)

Performance Graph



Feed Ingredient Table

CP

(%)

CF

(%)

FAT

(%)

ME

(kca

l)

CA

(%)

PH

OS

PH

OR

US

to

tal (

%)

PH

OS

PH

OR

US

av

aila

ble

(%)

DIGESTIBLE AMINO ACIDS

LIN

OLE

IC A

CID

(%)

INGREDIENT LYS

INE

(%)

ME

TH

ION

INE

(%

)

CY

ST

INE

(%)

AR

GIN

INE

(%)

ISO

LEU

CIN

E

(k%

)

TH

RE

ON

INE

(%)

TR

YP

TOP

HA

N

(%)

VA

LIN

E (%

)

Maize 8 2 3 3300 0.02 0.28 0.08 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.35 0.26 0.25 0.05 0.34 2.17

Jowar 9 3 2 3200 0.04 0.3 0.1 0.19 0.16 0.13 0.30 0.31 0.26 0.09 0.39 1.1

Broken Rice 9 3 1 3000 0.08 0.15 0.085 0.28 0.20 0.18 0.62 0.31 0.25 0.10 0.44 0.1

Wheat 12 3 3 3000 0.05 0.37 0.1 0.29 0.17 0.24 0.49 0.32 0.30 0.13 0.45 0.3

Bajra 9 2 4 3100 0.04 0.26 0.085 0.23 0.20 0.14 0.40 0.35 0.29 0.13 0.44 1.2

Rice Polish 13 8 16 3000 0.1 1.29 0.21 0.44 0.19 0.18 0.86 0.34 0.33 0.13 0.52 4.16

Oil – – 98 9450 – – – – – – – – – – – 25.5

Deoiled rice bran 15 14 1 2000 0.07 1.2 0.21 0.50 0.23 0.20 0.99 0.40 0.40 0.15 0.61 0.26

Sunflower DOC 35 14 1 2200 0.3 0.62 0.28 1.11 0.73 0.47 2.63 1.27 1.08 0.40 1.51 0.58

Groundnut DOC 40 7 1 2300 0.32 0.63 0.15 1.07 0.34 0.44 3.91 1.18 0.90 0.32 1.47 0.331

Hypro Soya 50 4 1.5 2550 0.3 0.62 0.28 2.75 0.61 0.59 3.39 2.02 1.66 0.60 2.08 0.5

SOYA 45 5.3 1 2400 0.3 0.62 0.28 2.59 0.57 0.55 3.19 1.90 1.56 0.56 1.96 0.52

Ful Fat Soya 37.5 6 17 3600 0.3 0.62 0.28 2.01 0.45 0.44 2.51 1.56 1.28 0.42 1.60 8.23

Rape seed meal 35 9 1 2000 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.31 0.54 0.69 1.92 1.05 1.01 0.38 1.33 0.16

Maize gluten meal 63 0.5 3 3720 0.02 0.5 0.14 0.79 1.32 0.84 1.70 2.16 1.66 0.23 2.44 0.9

Rice Gluten 45 5 5 1800 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.86 0.58 0.48 4.05 1.46 1.18 0.29 1.76 2.9

Til cake 30 6 8 2500 0.21 1.4 0.5 0.64 0.66 0.53 2.74 0.86 0.77 0.32 1.09 –

Cottonseed meal 40 12 1 2074 0.2 0.6 0.3 1.03 0.44 0.50 3.69 0.91 0.94 0.40 1.34 –

Guar Korma 50 6 6 2400 0.41 0.63 0.15 1.63 0.48 0.44 5.65 1.21 1.15 0.58 1.42 1.98

Distillers dried grain with solubles 44 12 2 2400 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.62 0.68 0.61 1.36 1.39 1.10 0.25 1.61 1.0

Copra meal 23 20 1 1800 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.31 0.25 0.18 2.04 0.56 0.40 0.09 0.89 0.58

Fish meal powder 43 – 6 2500 6 2 1.9 2.26 0.86 0.24 1.95 1.33 1.26 0.27 1.57 0.09

Dried Fish 45 – 6 2500 6 2 1.9 2.10 0.80 0.22 1.82 1.24 1.17 0.25 1.46 0.092

Meat and bone meal 44.5 0.5 6 2500 13 5.1 4.1 1.55 0.37 0.18 2.54 0.80 0.87 0.12 1.35 0.4

Ghee Residue 20 – 40 3794 1.2 0.6 0.57 1.34 0.48 0.11 0.62 0.95 0.85 0.15 1.20 –

Poochi 35 8 4 2430 8 1.5 1.43 0.97 0.46 0.31 1.85 1.24 1.24 0.30 1.52 0.06

LSP – – – – 37 – – – – – – – – – – –

Shell / Stone grit – – – – 38 – – – – – – – – – – –

DCP – – – – 22 16 15.2 – – – – – – – – –

MCP – – – – 15 – 21 – – – – – – – – –



Feed Cost

per Kg. (₹) 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 20.5 21

80

75

Feed Cost per Egg (Paise)

181 187 192 197 203 208 213 219 224

77 177 182 187 192 197 203 208 213 218

80 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210

82 166 171 176 180 185 190 195 200 205

85 160 165 169 174 179 184 188 193 198

87 156 161 166 170 175 179 184 189 193

90 151 156 160 164 169 173 178 183 187

92 148 152 157 161 165 170 174 179 183

95 143 147 152 156 160 164 168 173 177

85

75 193 198 204 210 215 221 227 233 238

77 188 193 199 204 210 215 221 227 232

80 181 186 191 197 202 207 213 218 223

82 176 181 187 192 197 202 207 213 218

85 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210

87 166 171 176 181 186 191 195 200 205

90 161 165 170 175 179 184 189 194 198

92 157 162 166 171 176 180 185 190 194

95 152 157 161 166 170 174 179 184 188

90

75 204 210 216 222 228 234 240 246 252

77 199 205 210 216 222 228 234 240 245

80 191 197 203 208 214 219 225 231 236

82 187 192 198 203 209 214 220 225 230

85 180 185 191 196 201 206 212 217 222

87 176 181 186 191 197 202 207 212 217

90 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210

92 166 171 176 181 186 191 196 201 205

95 161 166 171 175 180 185 189 194 199

95

75 215 222 228 234 241 247 253 260 266

77 210 216 222 228 234 241 247 253 259

80 202 208 214 220 226 232 238 244 249

82 197 203 209 214 220 226 232 238 243

85 190 196 201 207 212 218 224 230 235

87 186 191 197 202 207 213 218 224 229

90 179 185 190 195 201 206 211 217 222

92 176 181 186 191 196 201 207 212 217

95 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210

Dai

ly F

eed

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n (

g)

Pro

du

ctio

n %

Feed Cost Per Egg1. Choose your current feed price.2. Choose your current feed intake.3. Choose your current production level within the feed intake range.4. Read your flock's feed cost per egg from chart.

A Feed Cost Per Egg poster is also available for download.

http://www.hyline.com/userdocs/pages/Feed_Cost_Per_Egg_poster.pdf



Feed Cost Per Egg (continued)

Feed Cost

per Kg. (₹) 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 20.5 21

100


75 227 233 240 247 253 260 267 274 280

77 221 227 234 240 247 253 260 267 273

80 213 219 225 231 238 244 250 257 263

82 207 213 220 226 232 238 244 250 256

85 200 206 212 218 224 229 235 241 247

87 195 201 207 213 218 224 230 236 241

90 189 194 200 206 211 217 222 228 233

92 185 190 196 201 207 212 217 223 228

95 179 184 189 195 200 205 211 216 221

105

75 238 245 252 259 266 273 280 287 294

77 232 239 245 252 259 266 273 280 286

80 223 230 236 243 249 256 263 270 276

82 218 224 230 237 243 250 256 263 269

85 210 216 222 229 235 241 247 253 259

87 205 211 217 223 229 235 241 247 253

90 198 204 210 216 222 228 233 239 245

92 194 200 205 211 217 223 228 234 240

95 188 193 199 204 210 216 221 227 232

110

75 249 257 264 271 279 286 293 301 308

77 243 250 257 264 271 279 286 293 300

80 234 241 248 254 261 268 275 282 289

82 228 235 241 248 255 262 268 275 282

85 220 226 233 239 246 252 259 266 272

87 215 221 228 234 240 247 253 260 266

90 208 214 220 226 232 238 244 251 257

92 203 209 215 221 227 233 239 245 251

95 197 203 208 214 220 226 232 238 243

115

75 261 268 276 284 291 299 307 315 322

77 254 261 269 276 284 291 299 307 314

80 244 252 259 266 273 280 288 295 302

82 238 245 252 259 266 273 280 288 295

85 230 237 244 250 257 264 271 278 284

87 225 231 238 245 251 258 264 271 278

90 217 224 230 236 243 249 256 262 268

92 213 219 225 231 238 244 250 257 263

95 206 212 218 224 230 236 242 248 254

120

75 272 280 288 296 304 312 320 328 336

77 265 273 281 288 296 304 312 320 327

80 255 263 270 278 285 293 300 308 315

82 249 256 263 271 278 285 293 300 307

85 240 247 254 261 268 275 282 289 296

87 234 241 248 255 262 269 276 283 290

90 227 233 240 247 253 260 267 274 280

92 222 228 235 241 248 254 261 268 274

95 215 221 227 234 240 246 253 259 265

Dai

ly F

eed

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n (

g)

Pro

du

ctio

n %



Feed Cost Per Egg (continued)

Feed Cost

per Kg. (₹) 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 19.5 20 20.5 21

125

75


283 292 300 308 317 325 333 342 350

77 276 284 292 300 308 317 325 333 341

80 266 273 281 289 297 305 313 321 328

82 259 267 274 282 290 297 305 313 320

85 250 257 265 272 279 287 294 302 309

87 244 251 259 266 273 280 287 295 302

90 236 243 250 257 264 271 278 285 292

92 231 238 245 251 258 265 272 279 285

95 224 230 237 243 250 257 263 270 276

130

75 295 303 312 321 329 338 347 356 364

77 287 295 304 312 321 329 338 347 355

80 276 284 293 301 309 317 325 333 341

82 270 277 285 293 301 309 317 325 333

85 260 268 275 283 291 298 306 314 321

87 254 261 269 276 284 291 299 307 314

90 246 253 260 267 274 282 289 296 303

92 240 247 254 261 268 276 283 290 297

95 233 239 246 253 260 267 274 281 287

Dai

ly F

eed

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n (

g)

Pro

du

ctio

n %

To promote animal well-being and produce birds of the highest quality, we adhere to the following welfare goals and principles. These goals and principles are the essential building blocks for the humane and professional care of our birds:

• Feed and Water Provide access to good quality water and nutritionally balanced diets at all times

• Health and Veterinary Care Provide science-based health programs and prompt veterinary care

• Environment Provide shelter that is designed, maintained and operated to meet the bird’s needs and to facilitate daily inspection

• Husbandry and Handling Practices Provide comprehensive care and handling procedures that ensure the bird’s well-being throughout its life

• Transportation Provide transportation that minimizes travel time and stress

Hy-Line International Welfare Goals and Principles

Hy-Line is a brand name. ®Registered Trademark of Hy-Line International. ©Copyright 2021 Hy-Line International. 80.COM.INDIA 091521

Srinivasa Farms Pvt. Ltd.Hyderabad Office

Plot #169, Road # 13A, Jubilee Hills

Hyderabad – 500 033Phone +91 - 40 - 23633560

www.srinivasa.co

RESOURCES AVAILABLE AT WWW.HYLINE.COMCorporate Information | Technical Updates | Interactive Management Guides

Hy-Line International Lighting Program | Hy-Line EggCel | Body Weight Uniformity Calculator

POSTERSFeed Cost Per Egg

Best Management Practices During Summer

Biosecurity on Commercial Layer Farms

Infrared Beak Treatment in Chicks (IRBT)

TECHNICAL UPDATES

DiseasesAn Overview of Focal Duodenal Necrosis (FDN)

MG Control in Commercial Layers

Colibacillosis in Layers: An Overview

Fowl Pox in Layers

Avian Urolithiasis (Visceral Gout)

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD, Gumboro)

Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome

Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT)

Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS)

Intestinal Dilation Syndrome (IDS)

Newcastle Disease

Mycoplasma Synoviae (MS)

Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI)

Diagnostic Samples and Breeder Flock Monitoring

Salmonella, Mycoplasma, and Avian Influenza Monitoring in Parent Breeder Flocks

Proper Collection and Handling of Diagnostic Samples

ManagementGrowing Management of Commercial Pullets (also Tamil

and Telugu)

Understanding the Role of the Skeleton in Egg Production

The Science of Egg Quality

Understanding Poultry Lighting

Understanding Heat Stress in Layers (also Telugu)

Infrared Beak Treatment

Feed Granulometry and the Importance of Feed Particle Size in Layers

Impact of Tarp Color on Poultry Lighting

SPIDES (Short Period Incubation During Egg Storage)

Fly Management: Surveillance and Control

Optimizing Egg Size in Commercial Layers

Vaccination Recommendations

Non-Fasting Molt Recommendations

Managing Fully Beaked Flocks

Thiamin Deficiency in Pullets

http://www.srinivasa.co


http://www.hyline.com/about-us

http://www.hyline.com/Technical-Resources

http://www.hyline.com/varieties

http://sales.hyline.com/WebLighting/WebLighting.aspx

http://sales.hyline.com/EggCel/Eggcel.aspx

http://www.hyline.com/Technical-Resources/BWCalc

Management Guide - Hy-Line International

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