TARTU ULIKOOLIVENE KIRJANDUSE oPPETOOL

KA@EAPA PYCCKOI4 J'II'ITEPATYPbITAPTYCKO|O YHI,IBEPCUTETA

LINIVERSI'fAS TARTUENSI SHUMANIORA: LITTERAE RU SSICAE

TPvAbr rro Pyc cKor4vrC JIA B'H C K OiI OI4TI O JI Of VIV|

TII4TE,PATYPOBENEHHE

VIHosaq cepr4fl

K 85-JIETI,IFOIIABIIA CEMEHOBI4TIA PEI4@MAHA

I-ARTU ULIKOOI-I

KIRJASTUS

Hacrosllrff c6opuux t{3Aaerct no4 et-ugoii NtexAyHapoAuon peAxo,r,re-run: Humaniora: Litterae Russicae, yrBepxAeHHor"I Ha 3aceAaHul'r Co-aera Qr.llocoScxoro Saxynrrera Taprycxoro yHllBepcarera 8 Senpa,ra2006 r.:

lL Eeno6ponqeaa (3crourz-r),.{. Eerea (CliIA), A. laHrr,rer-cxuir (3cronu{), A. fio;tnutru (CIIIA), IL Kncenesa (3croHrrx) -

npeAceAarenb peAKonJ'Ierlru, A. Jlanpoe (Poccar), P. ,rler"r6on (3c-roHux), A. Heu:ep (Pocuu), A. Ocnoear (CIUA), lI. l leco-ueu (Ouu,uu gtx), Il. Ilu,rrA (3croruu), T. CrenaHrrurena (3cro-Hrlr), f l . Toporr (3crouru), O. XanseH-Jlese (fepuaulrr)

Pedarcmop moila: ,rl. Kuce,resa

Texuu,tecxuil pedaxmop ; C. lorropyrosa

B pedaxmupoaoHuu HacmoflLqeeo Inotta yltacmBoaaltr. @. BnHoxypoe,P. Boiirexosuu, ,il. BoLtlnepr, A. !aHn,'reecr<uii, ,il. Kuce:reea,P. Ileir6os. ll. Ilillsa. T. Creuanrtruesa

Bce crarlH lt nyo,rnraqnu Hacl'otluefo rolla llpo[Ijlrt[peABapl,ITenbHoe peueH3upoBaHtre

K0ik kogumiku rnaterjalid on l i ibinLrd eelretsenseerimiseAll manuscripts were revier.ved

Aemopc'xue npa6a:Crarru u ny6urauuu: anropst,2008CocraR,'reH He : Kar!egpa pyccKoI"r nrrrepar)?bt Tapryc xoroyHHBepcr{rera. 2008

Vciljaannet toetab Tartu Ulikooltr4 z d a u u e o cy ry e an6.n e t r o np u Qu u a u c o a o it n o d d e p trc r e

TaP rnYc xo eo )t Hu6eP cume nt a

ISSN 1406-2623rsBN 978-9949-I I -804-5

Tartu Ulikooli Kirjastus / Tartu University Presswww.fyk.ee

Eesti / Estonia

fr,it.Lrfitiil

* ?a4 I f

*

l 0

B. I IarepHtr f i (Xai i$a. I1zpautr ) . Bqq. I4saHoB: \ texJ)t {epul ruencKul \ { t4 Eeue . . . . . . . . . .

j l . f l rn bx (Tapr)'). Bolpoc o (p),ccKoM Brr4nHVHr>B nHTeparvpHo-KpurhqecKoM Hac, ' re.1un @p, Tvuaca . . . . . . . .

@. B u H o K)'p o e (Tapn,). Eer. 3avnruuo6 AulpeeEelol,r : cleqnSura nureparypHbrx oueHoK

P. Bofr rexoBl . r . t (Tapfv ' ) l , rarue E. leHu Cnaprancxoi iB cruxorBopeHuu I{reraenof i <I lcnxer> (I920) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

C. A o u e H K o ( Ta,r"'rr.rH). Or _nyxuqrcofi ,lereHAtrr nerep6r prcKoNrv nr$y : o $olrr.i,ropHoM HcrorlHnKepaccKa3a A. PeNru:osa <Vnpam-neHerl) . . . . . . . . . . . 253

A. A a H H r e B c K H fi (Tapr-r,). 14: rcor,nrenrapueBH <Aeuo-paccKa3\ ' )) Mzx. I4eaHHHKoBa . . . . . . . . . . , 264

f . I loHo Nr ape Ba. T . I IJop (Tapr : ' ) . C ; raBqucxaqQu,ro,rornr n Taprvcrol.r yHuBepcHTeres 1 9 : 1 1 - 1 9 4 . 1 r r . . . . . . . . . . . 2 g 0

A. H et\r 3ep (Mocrcea). CrrxoreopeHue AaerlAaC aNl o ii,rosa < flo :r a rpa;,re1a HHH) : )Ka Hpo tsa, Tparlrr qu,H aKr )a ; lbHbr f r rcourerc r . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 300

B. E ro p o e (Caunr-llerep61.pr). O Heesrrueqrxetlr1'ue6nuxe p1ccxofi nr4repar\pbr XVIII-XlX en.no /n pe laKune i t ! . C . , r l r4xaqeea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Cnucox fleqarHbrx rpv.loB llas,ra CeN.reHoer4'la pefrdnraHa .... 315

Kokkuvdt ted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

Contents . . . . . . . . 369

JIOMOHOCOB I4 XI4MEPA: OTPAXEHI4E

JII4TEPATYPHOfr NOJIEMI4KI4 1750-X |OAOB

B MACKAPAAE (TOPXECTBVIOUAT MI4HEPBA)

EJ'IEHA f lOtOCtH

<Y,luqsltfir) NtacKapa.l <Topxecrnyxlurat MuHepea> ilpoxo.rrln Ha

Mac,,reHnqy 1763 r., oH Haqililcg 30-ro qHsapq 11 flpo.qo''-Ixzlllctl

l-ro t.t 2-ro $eepa,rc. 3ror l\{acKapal 5st'r qactuto rop;'KecrB' tlo-

cBrrrleHHbrx KopoHaur.ru Enarepr{Hu I[. ErcarepuHa BI'IneJ'Ia 3ToT

MacKapa! /lBaxJbl: 25-ro qlleapt B noMeueHHl'{ TeaTpa cocroq-

nacb peneTr{ur{t NracKapa.qa, BCileJ 3a KOTOpblN,{ 6lurtt npe4cTaBJle-

Hbr (TparerHfl, Kolte.qHq u 5a-rer> [Borrxoe: 218]' 30-ro qHBapq

ErcarepHHa cNtorpe-la <TopNecrn.vrcu)' lo MlrHepel'> l l3 AoMa

z. tr4. Eeuriofo rJ3 (COCTOrrrIefo Ha 6ollurl'rc ,vnHuy floKof' c.{e-

JraHHoro Ha no;to6tle 5o-ruuoro QoHapr> [XypHa-'r 1763:231'

<Topxecral'rcuafl Mtruepea> HaqIIH€Lnacb c i lecrBllf l (rHyc-

Hbrx) nopoKoB. BTOpat qacrb N{acKapa.la 5sr',ra nocBflqeHa (cJIaBe

aoSporeie-q"u'. Me, .l) nopoKaMH lt . loSpogerertMl{ 5stla no-

N{elueHa KoN{no3l.{utlt, e xoropoii By,rxaH c UHKJI0[aN{H (roroBtlJIlI

rpoN{), a 3a Ht't\'ll{ :lBllrzulacb Ko,lecHnua lOnt'trepa' fpou' noro-

psti i roroattr Bylxau, .r.oil)r(eH 5ut,r nopa:HTb nopoKH' u nocne

Tofo, KaK no6era 6rt,ra o,qepxaHa' Hacryntllro cqacrJ'IuBoe BpeMq:

:a lOnurepoM .lBHfzl.lacb fp) nlla nol Ha3BaHttent <3o:rorol' l BeK)'

a :a uefi (TopxecrB)'Iouaq MHHepea>' To ecrr' trrecrBne

npeAcraBJfiJrlo n,vrb H3 npounoto n Syl.vruee, u rloroMy nepBat

rpynfla, N{ovvc Il ero cBt{ra, H3o6pa)K€Lqll f lerpa @egopostlua rt

efo npaB,TeHHe, a floc']e.ilnfifl - npaBneHHe EnarepuHlt A'rence-

eBHbr n ee caNroe n o6pa:e MuHepest. Macxapal. raKu\' l o6pa:ont'

r{\ '{ejr f laHeftlpltqecKoe II l lHilaKTllqecKoe 3Har{eHHe: OH BOCXBILIqJI

' 3recs r .raJee Bce ultrarbl lI3 orllcaHHq N{acKapa.la .lalorcr rlo ll3'[a-

nrrio 1763 r. [Topxecrayrcuaq Munepea]. B erou I{3jlaHtiti crpaHl{ubl

He HyNtepoBaHrl, IIO3TOMy UrrTaTLI AaForct 6e: ynalaunl cTpaHlrllbl'

199

218

230

E. nofoctH I Jt2 JIOMOHOCOB 'I XI,{MEPA

AoopoAereJ.[r HoBoR HMneparpHqbr H ocMetrBal nopoKH ee npet_lUECTBEHHTIKOB It fIO ITIAHHbIX'.

3tll l 'r, oAHaKo, reMaruKa N{acKapala He r{cqeprbreanacs. Boc-fl L{TaTe.r rr,H br}"r xapaKTep u acKapa^qa 6 ulr ^1nolxr.ru . B o- nepelrx. o u6sr,r o6parqeH, KaK rnacrr,'ra a$nrua, Ko BceM poraNr flpocroro Ha-pola. 14 ryr o6pa:qbt HpaBoyqeuul 6trLrlr B3rrbt r43 roporcltoi;iKyxbrypbr Eeponu KoHua XVII - Haquta XVIII na. (roue.frrq. no_nv,.'llpHbre :l,r5,reuartr. ,ry'6ouulte .lncrlr). Bo-nroplrx. tvlacKapa.l6lr"r o6parqeu x upu6,lrd)xeHHblr,r ExarepuHlr, Koropbl\{ oHa (.la-Ba,Ta vpoK), non.srHuri ToJrbKo rev, K KoMv oH odparqeH, a raKlieHe6olruonr) xpyry riouQr.rgenroB Hrrneparpuqtr; 6oree roro,B N{acKapaAe I4cIIoJlr'3oBaJIItcb (cto)Kerbl)), cBt3aHHble c cet\rer"tHbt-nru oScro.sre,'rbcrBaMl.t uMrreparp]rqbt rI ee ]rHrr4MHbrM 6lrrov,It Kp\r rocBrrrleHHbrx B 3ront cn)'qae 6rr,r eule yNe [Ilorocru].

B rueape 1163 r. Sllra uaneqaraHa rrporpaMMa NracKapara,B Koropol"r 6r,r,ro rpu pa3,lena: crrlxu Ha MacKapa..l, [o.4rucaHHbre<Coqnnqn M.Xepacxoe>. orrncaHrre [recrBrrq, rrorrrlrcaHHoe<l4ro6pereur.re rJ pacnopr)KeHHe t\{acKapa.qa @. Bo,rxosa)), H xopbl,Koropbre ljcrroJ.tHsnucb NracKar,rn, 3a fioArrr{cbto <To,rtxo o.lHH xo_pzlr' lF,Hbre rrecHH B CeN{ MacKapale coqHHeHnq ***)). H. 14. HosHxos

' 14ttesuo KaK qacrb ot!uuua,rrnoii xynbrypbr Hotsoro uapcrBoBaHu,onltcblBaer lror Macxapal P. BoprruaH. <B npocnerrrre-rtbcxoM cue-uaptrn Exarepr.rHbr, - lr4rlrer oH, - 3nauue u pa3]lvr ̂lo;rxsu druufloMoqb MoHapxy npeoloxeTb HeAocTaTKU, npt{c)/ufle qeJ.roBeqecT_By. <...> Macxapar, raxnna o6pa:onr, npe-lcraB,rlr.l ro, 9To craHereriareplrHnHcnoli eepureri npocBeueHHoro caNro-lepxaBHoro roc]._AapcrBa) [Wortman: 57]. f-. A. fyxoncxrr"t eue e 1935-1936 rr.,B cTarbe <O "Xope Ko npeBparHouv cner1,')>, a rrorolr s csoeii xunre<<Ovepru no ucropl.t l pyccroir rurepar_\pbl XVlll eexa. {lopnucxaxrlpouru B nureparype 1750-1760-x ro-1oB), 'rpaxroBa-r Macxapa.II.IHaqe. Os nncan: <Cylrapoxon peur4xct, Blt.frrlro, n:;roxulr nr.6-r'lllqHo, BCeHapO,lHO pt.4 fro,'ruTltrlecrutx r{HeHltir CnOeri rpylnbl <...>OH :laxore"r HaBl3arb ropxecrB)rcu1eii Erarepuue-Muuepee ceouBrrnlubr> [fyxoncxnit ]r935: 203-217: fvxoecxnii 1936: l l .4 1751.MueHrre l -1 xoacxoro o ro^, . qro \4acxapal 6ur onnotr ruron"r , r , , , ,noroMy Bbr3BiL[ pa3.rpaxeHr.re y Erareplruu, pa3.]exrrcT ]r coBpeveH_Hbre ucropuKr.t K)'-lbrypbr XVIII e. [f lpocxi,puna:76 77l.

slo.rroqtlil xopbl B rlocrteprHoe H3laHHe cotll4HeHnii A' ll' Cyn'lapo-

KOBA. 14npnHtro cqutarb' qro aBTOpoM xopoB flBnflercfl cylrlapo-

ror. neficrsl'trerbHo, Cynaponon trncilJl ErcarepnHe II 3-ro Maq

lj64-rO r.: <To ro.lbKo HeIl3BecTHO, ltTO Bce [pOXeKTbl yMepueto

OeAopa Bo:rKosa He ero, Ho NloH; a 4n1o ol"t ttoe Lt"lt'fl y'tlo-'t-

rta.1 <3lecb lt A[Llee Kypc]IB ̂ Iofi. - E' II'>, B TOM OH HeCKOJIbKO

,orptt"n, [ l lrtcsrla: 96]. <IlpoxeKr) 3'qecb' KoHeqHo )Ke' (Top-

xecrBylo uat MuHepBa D'. B no.qroroBKe Mac KapaAa yqacrBoB,tr'Ia'

TaKnNr o6palou, Cymaporcoe, Bo"lxos u Xepacxor' Baxuyro po:U'

B nepBylo oqeperb - poxb qe,'IoBeKa' xoropltii cJly)Kil cBt3yIo-

ilIr{M 3BeHoM Nlexr} ExareptlHoii l'l ycrpoure"ulN'IH MacKapala'

vrpan 14. fl. E,rarun. Bo,rKos 6lt,r ces:aH c CyMapoKoBbIM r{epe3

"aurp, Xepacron It EnarHH 6rnu yueHtlKaMlr It noKJloHHIlKaMn

Cyuaponona-coqrlHl'Irerr. {roe H3 ycrponre'1efi, CyuapoxoB I4

Etrarva, npllHlll\ta,'Ill caN'Ioe aKTHBHoe Yqacrl{e B nureparypHofi

frorer\{HKe, KOrOpas pa3BepHynacb oKoJ'Io 1753 r' l\{exny cropoH-

HrKaMl.I Cyltapoxona H ,rloMoHocoea. C yqpexleHHeM (E)KeNIe-

' B ,.oo.rrtetrapitll K ?roMy nllcblvl)" B.n' Crelauos ocropoxHo [petr-

[o,'IaraeT, qTo ((B CBfl3]I C lrunlt ']*lo'irqaHl',{tN1u" Haxo'ql{Tcfl I{ BO-

npoc o6 aBTopcTBe ..Xopa Ko llpeBpaTnon,ly ceery,'}> [flucrrraa: 1961.

Cyuapoxoa nuurer Exarepr'rHe o cBoelu yqacrlru B opfaulr3aul'tl{ Mac-

Kapa,la [orol\{y, rt10 BI{.[HT B HeM cBoro 3acnvry. KOTOpy]o uMlepar-

puua, KoHeqHo i,Ke, ,lO.lNtHa BblcoKo oueHllrb' ?ro' eo-neprblx' elue

pa3 nOKa3LlBaeT' Lt'lo MaCKapa[ Hl:l B KOCM cn]'qae He-rlb3fi CqIlTaTb BI'I-

cr) rl'reHueNr <.qnopr HcxoI:t tppo H-lu>' Koropoe Bbl3BaJ'lo pa3Apaxen'{e

IrMreparpt{ubr [fy"xoecxrrii 1936: 174 u c're,t']' Bo-nropltx' (yMon-

r{aHr,re) Borrosa .4eiicrB[renbHo npof,c]uer Botlpoc tl6 anTopcrBe

<lpyroro xopa lio [peBparHoM]- cBery)' Ecrll cor'lacfirbcfl c ltlHeufi-

eu Sepxora o roM, uro urropont <!,pyroro xopa> 6rl'r Bo'rrxor [Eep-

roe 1435: 181-2021, r no6aetrrb K lroN1y' '{ro necHt Bo'nxosa (Lra-

Hen 6parqlt Ilerb crapylo [ecHlo)) [Llymon: Ns 200] ABflAercA xopoM

n 3o,rorouy eery [Iloroc.an]' ro crauer flcHo' qro nepnrtil BapltaHr

xopon 6ri;r HanucaH (D. Bo;rxoeltNl' Ho B oKoHrlare"lbHyrc npolpaNlMy

MacKapana non&l KaK pa3 BaprtaHT' HanncaHHbrii cyMapoxonuu'

B orser, Kari rlot'I(Ho 3aK[]oq]lTb Ir3 npuBeaeHHofo IlllcbMa' Bonroe'

6rtgutuli (.rr{peKropo\'I) MacNapala. cHfl-:t tlorn}Ict' cyMapoKoBa

h nOArJepKH]-,'l He3HaqllTeflbH\/rc poilb VrlacTl'lt nOCIe&HeI'O B COCTaB-

JIeHI4u t\Iacxapala B ue-roNl (<ro,'IbKo o-[HL xopaxbHble necHrt>)'

t 4 ,TIOMOHOCOB I,{ XI4MEPA

ctr{Hblx cor{HHeHHii)) 3Ta rroJreMI{Ka H3 pyKOrrncHoi{ IIepetxJTaB [eqaTHyrc H noToM npo.qonxa-]acb BoKpyf JroMoHocoBcKofo(fHMHa 6opoge> npaKrnqecKH .to BocruecrBn-fl ErarepHHu Hanpecron [Eepxoa 1936]. B na.rane 1763 r. cropoHHltK]r Cl.lrapo-KoBa ropxecrBoBzLIrrI no6e4y: N{Horue H3 Hrrx nptrHaJJe;KturrrK Kpyry Pa:1'uoncx-ux, no!+rtepxaBmqx ExarepuHl' Bo BpeMfl ne-peBopora, HeKoropbre 6srcrpo c6,rHgr.r;rHcr c Op,ronlrlrLl v 3aHfl:tllBaxHbre cnyxe6Hrre nocrbr. tr4u xe 6trra nopy'veHa opraHrl3auuflKopolraulroHHbrx ropx{ecrB, B ToM rtuc,' le. MacKapala <Topxecr-Byroutafl Mnuepaa>. Cropouurrrcn JIonouocoBa. Koropo\r) noKpo-BIITeJIbcrBoBiL.r HeHaBHcrHlu."r Exarepuue 14. [4. LLIyea,roa, nax6yaro rroreprrenn nopaxeHue. Ho c1'uapoxoBuaM flo.tr{THqecKot"rno6eAot 6tt:ro ue.locTaror{Ho, HNI H)')KHa 6tura n oKoHr{areJ.IbHaqno6ejra B oSnacrr nr{TeparypHoii no,rerrHrcu. V ryt NracKapal IIa-BaJI HeOrpaHUqeHHbre Bo3Mo)KHocTH.

Ilprruoe orHotrteHrre K J'rHreparvpuoii no,revuxe B MacKapa.qe<Topxecreyroruar MuHepno HN{en prl MacoK H3 fp}'[[br <flpe-BparHoro cBera). Cor,racHo ofILIcaHHto, cocraB;IeHHoul' Bo;rxo-BbIM, 3Aecb 6srla npegcraB.leHa <Xuvepa, Koro pHc\,rcT qerbrpe

xyAbrx r\ranflpa H 5ea prrQnraqa. elvtuue Ha KopoBax).3ror :nrlso,r, 6e: conaHeHnt, cBfl3aH c <Pa:ronopoi\{ MeprBbt\)).

napogniiHrrM cor{r'rHeHHen C-vnrapoxoBa, Koropoe 6slro Haner{ara-no s N{aiicxoM BbrnvcKe <Tpylo:rro6rrsoii nqe-rbu (1759 r.). <Pa:-roBop MeprBbrx) 6u,r uanpae..leH, B nepB].ro oqepe-qb, npornn J-lo-MoHocoBa. Me.{Hrc B 3Tor\,r coqHHeHtr{ cnparxnBaer cruxorBopuao roM, KaKI4e ror Bunnr cHbr, H crlrxorBopeu orBeqaer: <f[pe-yxiacHbre. - Buxy Crurc, AxepoH, @1 puli, Merry':v, Crfr.trxca.fuAp), TuraHon, I-r{raHroe H npoqee ronry no4oSuoe>. Ho sroetue He cantsri i crpauuufi cos. <A HeKofita, - npo.qo.lxaer crn-xorBopeu, - Brrlen q coH H 3Toro crpa[Hee. <...> flpucHu,rocruHe, 6y.{ro l csrH Taprapa n 3enr,ru, l.t rtro fl .re)Ka noJ 3ruorc eo-poqarccb, Ir He Mory Bbuparr,cq, r.r 61,.rro r'rHe IOnHr-ep nprrroBa-plrBaer: He rpofat'r ue6a, He rpora!"t ue6o. tr4 Mellrn orBeqaer:<Cruxornopubr He Bce Ha flapHaccnoiv e3r:lrr KoHe: He o.i lr lH Tbr.MHorI4e eaurn 6parre Ha Koposax esdam>> [Tpy':ororlnBa.fl flqeJa:303-3051.

E. nofocgH 15

Yxefnrasrb l , loBo' [bt lonpo3paqHoyKa3blBarcTHa'r loMoHoco-

Ba, Ho Cyuaporcon orcblrtaer 3.qecb tlHTareflt K Brlor'lHe orlpeAe-

JreHHoMycTl4xoTBopeHuK)-<<f lucruyol lo ' tb3ecTeKJIa)) 'KoTopoe6lr,ro o6pauteuo n H' l'1' IIII-BanoBy' flncslto HaquHaerce Bbrpa3v-

tanonou: aueHoil 3a'{arllq crels'la ero po;lllrenlun, OlHen lr Hary-

poit,vpoxreHHt ero B MoNleHT H3BepN(eHl'rq ?rurt:

<...> oroHb ero po-4tlrenb'

C Harypoii HeKoraa oH npon3Becrb xort

!,ocroiruoe ce6s n olll'lt aurt,

Bo rrrpaunoii r,r1'6une' ro.l rf,rocTbro 3eNtHolo' <"'>

Hanprrc.a N{bluualtltr u paMeHa rloaBtlHvn

14 rxrory 3eN{JrII npeBbture o6nan Bc}'llHyx'

Bseranuo uepurtli rbtM HaBer'I rvcrylo reHb'

I'I s Hoqr ytxacHlrto nepeNleHILncs neHL'

He SacsornopHoro 3-1ecb pallr fepxyneca

Ase uoqlt c,iloxeHbl B e-llrHy or 3eseca'

Ho Srua [paB;Ie cel"t cBt{.leretl nevHltii Han, - ̂ --^Koropa.a tra.na \-rb try,[HblM cnM po'qaM ['r1orr'ronocon: 2361"'

Couacno cyMapoKoBclcoii napogllu, JIoltoHocoB BuAlIr coH o roM'

rrro 3To He creK,'lo, a oH caNl 3aqar Lr poxleH no,l ?rnoii' n He

Mo)Ker H3-noA Hee (Br,tAparbctl). B <PasroBope NleprBblx> Cyua-

poKoB TaK)Ke HaNteKa,l Ha J'loN{oHocoBcKoe <C'roeo o po)KleHl{l'I

MerzulrroB or rprrceHuq 3eM.tH) (1751 r.).

C uacrapa4oM, B cBoto oqepeAb, cyMapoKoBct<nt"r <Pa:ronop

MeprBbtx)) cBfi3blBaer ror Saxr, qro crllxorBopllbl Tyr eAyr Ha

KopoBax (<<ltuorue nauu 6paruq Ha KopoBax e'l5rr>). raK )Ke KaK u

B MacKapaAe (<4na pu$lraua. eAyqne Ha KopoBax>). Kpoue roro,

A,luHHstfi ctrucoK q]''AoBHr!(, Koropblx crHXorBopeLl BLl.qrtr Bo

cne (Oypnu, Me4y:a, CSnHnc, fn.rpa, Tfltault, fnraurut)' MolKer6rnr coorHeceH c Xnlrepori r13 MacKapa.qa.

Bsl6op rf'I-s MacKapara r{MeHHo Xultepr,t raK)Ke He 6u,'t c,'ty-qafiHrtu. KoueuHo, :ro Slrla HacNre[rKa HaI ]o{BotlllcuaMn H n}1-

- 3ror lrrlr3oA nflTepatvpHble nporrrBHrlnu llouosocoBa noNtuHatltl{ [pexre. Tax, anrop napo.lnfiuoro flucbMa, cocraBJTeHHofo oAHltMI43 aApecaroB <fnuna 6opole> (Sepron ctrllraer, Llro lro 6rr,'r ,{u-uurpufr Ceueuoe), ruurer, qro oH y3Ha[ aBropa <xar 6y.lro no cry-ueHt lepryreco [Bepxon 1936 2141.

--

17l 6 J]OMOHOCOB T{ XI{MEPA

TepaTopaMr.r, KoTopbre nocBsrqarcT cBoH rpl.1br tr3oSpaxr-HHrO(xuMep), Hec6brroqHoro l.r HecyuecrBvroluero. Ho Xuvepa B nrt-reparypuoii rroJreN{HKe 1750-x rr. rrorBirrercr. rro xpar"rHefi vepe.

ABax4br.CHaqala Xr.rnrepy Hcnoirb3yer aBrop crrixorBopeHur <Bospa-

)KeHIze, luH [peBparqeHHuri neru]\terp), Koropoe Ha[Hcat (aHo-

unvHsrii yqeHrrK JlonroHocoea> [Eeprcoe 1936: 1271. B 3rori (yqe-

HHKe) npr.rHqro BHAerb [{. flonoecxoro [PCfl: 108], Ho r.rM Nror6urrr H tr{. Eaprcor. <Bo:paxeHrre> 6rr:ro orBerot\,r Ha <CarHpl' uaIIeTHN{eTpa H KOKeTOn), KOTOpaC nonyr{HJa pacfrpoCTpaHeHrre oce-srro 1753 r. Anropou carupbr Srur E,:rarus, [pelaHHbrii vqenrlxH rroKJrOHHHK TZUTaHTa cylrapOnOna. carupa Er-raflJH? HaqHHiltacbo6paqeHHen rc Cyruapoxosy:

Orxprne,rr ral,rHcrB a,rro6o nH rt.q HaM Jrr.Ip br,Taopeu npecnaBHblfl u nbrrrrHr,rr Ceuupsr,14: nro:ry pox.lmuricx 5 o : u u u .u1,r) p ct ti c t r u,Hanepurux Eoa,'roe, poco.riicx,rlii Haur PacrlH [Eeproe 1936 1191.

(y.IeHuK Jlon,toHocosa), [epeBopatuBafl e.tartrHcK\ ro <3nrrcro-r.Iy) cTl.rx 3a cTI.txoM, Har{ilHa-rl cBot"t oTBeT crrloBaN{tl:

Orxprrrerrr raI,IHcrBa noHoc Hbr,f, H a M Jrr{p br,Tuopeu HeforHbur t4 tJTvflr,rfl carr]pr,r,tr42 npxzry po;r<,ruer"rcx ,\iurepat :.tt'troir cutu,HanepcuHx ucex upaneii, pocurr"rcwrfi AQpocun IPCfI: 107].

tr4nrruu cJroBaMu, ec,ru Cvvapor(oB )' E:rarNna - cbtH u.v-rpoiiMi,rHepnur, To caM Er&fuH B orBere, [oc:l€JoBilBu]eN{ H3 :toNroHo-coBcKoro rafep-fl, - cbrH r:rvnori Xnueprr. f lo:gHee loNlouocosnoMrHyn Xuvepy B Haqiue <fHvHa 5opo.le>:

He pocroruuor:i x Benepe,He ypodtueoil XuuepeB l.rnnnax xreprBy Bo3naro [JlomoHocon: 263].

3gecn enrecro napbr MaHepea - r,ryfiaq Xnlrepa r' ,r lovoHocosanotBJltercr BeHepa - ypo.q,'rnBax Xunrepa. Xurrepa, raxuv odpa-3OM, [pHCyTCTByeT B naponHflX CaMOfO llOlrOHOCOBa r{ efo }'r{eHr.r-Ka, H, coorBercrBgHHo, laa <prlQn,taqa). Koropbre npeJcraBleHbrB MacKapale c Xunaepori 14 Ha KopoBax, u ecrb lorroHocoe r.{ eroyqeHHK.

E.IIOI.OC'H

Kpoue <Pa:roeopa NleprBblx))' B (Tpyaonrc5neofi f lqene) obl-

au H ApyfHe [apo.1]IiiHble orcbIJIKtl K IloNloHocory' Tan' yxe Ha-

,uunora rrutorr uK Hect\rbtc.lteHHbIM CTHXOTBOpUaN{)), roropal 6lt ' la

floMerleHa B nocre]lHeN{ Hortepe x}'pHana [Tpyao',rrc6lIBafl flqera:

764f, or:pazuj'locb B tlporpaN{Me MacKapaAa: B cruxax Xepacrona'

a nMeHHo B crllxorBopeHl{n Ha flperparHstii ceet' K rpyrtrle Koro-

poro ilpnHaA,qex(zL'lH rt <<pnQlruaun), MHXafi'''I Xepacxon nl{can:

B urodpaNeul l l l cBoel l npeBparHoi i cBer

Halr oSpar xIlTIul Hec.\tbtcleHHblx aaer'

Harconeu, B aBrycroBcKoNt HoNIepe <Tpy.lolro6uBofi nqenbl) Cy-

MapoKoB HarreqaTa-l Tpr{ He6onbuHx CTI{XOTBOpeHIUI Ha JIOMOHO-

ao"u ,roa oSulrt|t 3aflaBlleM (HOBbIe l lro6pereHur>>' B nepnolt on

ocMellBaer npoeKTbl,l[omoHocona, nocB'IIqeHHble troltcKaM ceBep-

HOIO MopcKoro nyrH B l4HAHlO, B TpeTbeM - HaMeKaeT Ha 3aHq-

Th, IIoNtoHocoBa xltNrHeii, a touuee, zuxuMHell (JlorrloHocoe y He-

ro no6r,tsaer 3oJloro ur uo;rora). Bropoe crllKorBopeHHe c!'leAyer

rIpHBecTI,l 3Iecb IIo"rlHocTbto :

Par6lrs craKaH' Toqurb K.vcKl{, a no orcrpoqKe

Bo ecaxor'I r)T K)'coqKefloctaerru al:Tax 6yaer lI3 crercra a,'rruar [Tau xe: 483]'

3AeCr, C),uapoKoB. 6er cOnrgeuuq, HaNIeKaeT Ha 3aHfTl.lt ,r lOllOHo-

coBa ' cB f i 3aHHb lecnpo l {3BoAcTBoMcTeKIa l l I l 3 | oToBJ ' I eHneMMo-3anqecK l {XKapTHH.Hacueun t lTaKo fopoAano f lB l { J . I l l cbBcT I IXo -reopuoil noJ'IeNrtIKe or{eHb paHo. Qaxrltvecru{ o;lHoBpeMeHHo

c orKpbIrrIeNI JroMoHocoecrcoii Sa6plrru e Ycru-PyAnqe s 1753 r'

flepertn Bbrcr)-nnn L4saH EraruH' B napoeuiiuoii a$lru:-!nu-

tLIHa, KOTOp)'to l lccireAoBare-lu orHOcsT K Xery rofo )Ke 7753 r' '

orrHcbrBaeTc, rrpeAcTaBreHHe,'IoMOHOCOBCToii <Tamttpul>. 34ecl

yKa3aHo, rrro (aK'rpt'{ca, lrro6paxarculafl Tantrpy, 6y4er y6paHa

AparoueHHbtnt 6ltcepolt l.t \ l) 'clten' B cei;i 6ucep H B cll lo Mycl' l lo

qpe3 xHNluro [peBpauleHbt flnH.laponbl nHpllqecKue cruxl4 co6cr-

BeHHbrMu p\KaN{Il Cefo Be.l}lKofo crl{xorBopua) [Eepxon 1936:

102]. B:roli at|rrue 6lt- ' lo tt o6slqrloe &qq ttapoAril Ha IlonaoHo-

coBa ynoil ' lHHaHlle tl{faHTOB:

I8 IIOMOHOCOB I{ XHMEPA

flotou 6a.,rer: 6ynroBaHHe rnraHroe. VrpauteHue 6anera.l. TpaceHue r(paeB 14 cMrreur{e .rlopor He6ecHbN.2. FIa cropoHax rearpa Occa u na neii fluna.Kasra: H Ha HeM Eraa, roropafl talrlT To.rbro ortnH Bepbx eBoB cpe4HHe no,x rprceHrieM ropor He6ecHblx l-rrrasr. xoropurii xouercoJIHUe CHrrb HOfOrO. 61ler raHuoBarb co.qo.

B xourexcre )'ftoMLrHaHuft crenra 3Tor 3nn3o.q !o.lr)r(eH 6rr; orcrt-r'IaTb K y)rie npr.rBeleHHoN{y Brrure 3nr{3orl}' u3 (flncbN,fa o [or.rb3ecreKra) (aexa6pl 1752 r.). orrr4cblBauueM\/ 3ar-raruL. creLra orOrHq a l{aryprr. Bugunro, .rroSrr tro.tqepKH],rt HeyrrecrHlrii(3porp{3M) :roii cqeHsr, ElarnH rroN{ecrr{J.r s ceoeii a(lrure ;reacrtrxa H3 nrc6oBHoI"t neceHKH:

Cepe.uu nperipacHbrx po3[Iecrpa 6a6o.rxa Jreraer.

Beprcon yxa3zur, rrro rtecHr 5nr,ra coqllueHuev caMoro E.raruua.oua 6u,ra HafleqaraHa n c6opuHne K1,'praHona [K1'prauoa: 324-325). O npl{qnHe ,fie norBireHn.q 3rux crpoK B napo.qlrrJ oH 3aN,re-qaeT ToJrbKO, qTO TaKaq oTCbrJ'tKa [o.[rrepKHBala ({3BHTeJbHOCTb

e:rarnncxoii HacMerxKrr)) [6epxoe 1936: 102). B neceHxe 6a5oqxaJIeTaeT BOKpyf nacTyrrJKH, a 3aTeN{ }' nacTYruKH (Ha rp)'In ce,'r[T-ct>>, a [acT]"x, .qena.tl Bl{,f. tITo CroHteT 5a6Oux1', (nacr}'tllKv cal\lxBaraer)). fla,ree 6a6oqxa (c necrpeHbnnr\r Ap\,ro\{) \'.teraer (3a

JIecoK) H (B KycrIrK), 14 rlacr)'x flpelr.raraer flacrv[]Ke: <Bor garr

IonxHo rax c ro6or'r>. llopxaHrre 6a6o.{xtr n a{lrrure. Bo3N{oxHo.6rtlo noncnyAHo npornBonocraBreHo rr?KeroBecHor"r rporurceJIOMOHOCOBCKOIO I IHCF, i \ {A O CTEKJIE.

Kporue roro, Bo aropori f lo.-roBrrHe rrncbr\ra Iorrosocon Ha Bpe-M, ocraBr'r.ser lUynauoua, c KoropbrM oH 3Jecb BeJer Boo6paxae-uyro 6ecegv, a o6pauraercr K (KpacaBHrIaNr). Ec:rH ydparb H3 3ro-ro oSpaueHr4r ynoMHHaHHr creKra (:epxan r.r Sncepa), ro nony-t{rlTct .ilo BoJr b Ho Boilb Hat "'r rc6o eF{ar fiec eH Ka :

flpexpacHrrir [o,'], o Ko,rb ;rrc6e:eH aarr Haprll

!a6ur npe:rrcrr,rrb Jl.r uoN{ mo6o gH rx cyeBepoB!Kaxoe uHoxecrBo Bbr 3Haere MaHepoB;tr4 xoirr ncKvcHbr aor y'6op lepe]{eHcrb,9ro6 s xaxlo l i . legr ceSe npr{r rHocrb HoB\ ' - tArb. <. . .>Kor.na 6,'recrsr Ha Bac roprtrlre &-]Ma3br.

E.[OfoctH 19

lroiuofi xl lr l lr B Hac xap cyry'5nr;aparlt! <"'>

Itp"poou s nac 'ltro5ons noAo6ul'ro B"qoxurla'

Xrnu""" HexHbl e rac nolo6Ha 'qBIlxer cuna

[Ilo nouocoa : 238-2391.

Enarul lBathuueHacMexaeTc- ' lBToMt{ l lcJteHHaATeNl. . { roI loN{o-iorou

"-" BCe B OlHy Kytly' B efo rll',lcbj\Ie lt fufaHTbl coBoKyn-

I | f l | oTcA ,uAeBUub IMeqTarcTox }o6B} | . 3 to ran f i so .qo6T ' ' I cH{eT .'noir*r| tn rcroxa EnarlrHa (Ha fiernN{erpa H KoKeroK)' n xoropofi

uccJIeAOBareIU OTrte q a,q n TO'rIbKO )'nor'l HHaHH e oIHOlt HeyAaqHot"I

nudult lloltoHocosa (Pocura - Vngufl') Srt"rra nocnpululra KaK

ioar"u1ut itNteHHo B ,qol\toHocoBa. Il roqeN{y lUyna'ron raK xoreJl'

,{TO6br IIomoHOCOS OTBeTH!'I Ha Hee: KoKe-I'KIl y EnafnHa TO)I(e Ha-

MEKAJIH HA COIIUHEHHE 'qONIOHOCOBA- '

Teua<<nrc6e3HOCTl r ) , l lOMOUOCOsacHoBaBcnJIb lBaeTBnapo ix l I l ' , l

Tpe4narconcKoro yxe NoHua 1 750-x rr" Koropaq 6ltna oreeroNl Ha

<Ogy Tpecorl lH,v):

UrtraHocoe ecrb rpe3B' HeB3.[opn[B lt ue6erues <"'>

K uyxououxa.rf eNl\' qecrb TO.'lbKO ecrr no61''lxoNt'

He xylrultx l\lyxHl'Ix xeH, npoHr'lpcrBolll He cNl)'THllK'

3Aecr xe Tpe,lnaxoecxHi;i cneercrr HaA cK.IotlHocTbto JlouoHoco-

Ba cqtTTaTb ce6.a rHaroKor\{ B CaMbIX pa3nHqHblx o6,tacux, n rolt

qHcJre B xyAo)KecrBe:

l-lttrauocoe Bcerl BCfl, xax -frtnultii tpa\'lNtarllcr'

Kax purop, KaK nllur, Ilcropl{K" NlaIuIlHl{cr'

Kax $urur, NI)'3blKaHr, x1't)ottcutrc "' [6epxoe 1936:.TA|

Jloltonocon 3aKoHqtl,,'l cBoto flepByro Nto3aflKy tr noAHec ee ]lNlne-

parpul le 4 ceHrr6pr 1752 r. K re3ol lr leHl{rcrBy E'rHsasersl l ler-

poBHbt. 3ro 5u,ro trro6paxeutre Eoroltareplr' K Haqany 1763 r'

Jlor,rouocos Bt\{ecTe c ,vqeHHKaMu lr3foTOBHJl CneAyrcql le MO3a!t-

nu: o6pa: <HepynoreopHuit Cnac) (1753 r'), uerrtpe noprpera

flerpa I (rve*i.t)' 1154 tt 1757 rr.), <Bor-Oreu> n <<Arercau'1p

t Bapar" o ro\1, qro B rrerllNlerpe E,larl'rua Nlo;'I(Ho 6uro yeuAerr' ca-

uoro 14. l'1. llly'sa,rona, KaK Kaxerct, lo"lxHa 6uru ocrag'reHa I4'Il'

IIo Kpal'tHet-t Nlepe, nepec\'lorpeHa: uerbll"l pt^l 'qer&'Iei'l B orrucaHun

leruNlerpa He Nloxer 6r,lrl otneceu x LU1'eanoey, B nepB)'to oqepe'lb

YXA3AHf iC HA TO. I ITO OH HETPANIOTCH, A TAKXC HA TO, I ITO OH OCACH'

20 T,IOMOHOCOB I4 XI4M| t,A

HescKruj) (17 57_175 g rr.), noprper E,rn3ilrr(. .H KaprHHy <Anocro,r f lerp> (1761 r.) . tC , , , ,1 ' , , f lerpoeHsr (1760 r.1coB-yxe Hava,r pa6oq Han nopTperoy en,, ,,. ' ',r.r1 1763 r. Jlovouo-

B cyrurapoxoocxoi i <Tp_r:o-rru61eof i , . , , ' , tnno, l l IMaxapenxoj.eule oAHa crarbll, KocBeHHo HAMeK?BIIIi11,"' ter, dbrra not\teuleHaJJoMoHocosa, __ (O nro3aaKe) fparruno,r,.. rra HoBoe \.8_rleqeHlfeBoIIIrcb, ttporr3Borr4Ma.fl Ma,rreBaHaerlr, Becr'^'()ro. Ou nrrca,r: <Xrr_3aaqHilf l xlrBorrr{crr, no paccyr6leH4o c,r,,] ' ir rrpeBoc\o;Hee Mo-Aeropa: f l6o Heao:N.{ox(Ho. toeopgr oH, , " " , ,oao B \ . r {eHo\r cBercKaMeIIIKaMH H creKr.trIIIIKaMV BCe-v xpac,1,'. rpax(arb coBepueHHou:o6paxaeubrM or HcKycHbr{ KHcTorrKH H-,' ' ,, ru u nprr,,,r)uc.tnt.v,Ha creHe, TaK Ha3bltsaeuoro @pecxoro, H:, , ' t,rprHHe H3 Macna. rl lrrra> fTpy,romo6aea.s rqerra: 359-360J6. 1.,],tarr no csrpoii n3Bec_BHAHM, yKa3brBaer. qro He rax y)K xoporrrlr '

' tNarcoecrcHfi. KaK Nrbr

)KeHI{{ cBeXecTH .qeBHU (a JlovoHoco" ,... \ro3anKa l,r.r rr:odpa_BpeMq HaA iloprpeToNr E,ru:aeero, narpo,r, 'tt. pa: pa60ra,r n :rocoBa-)KlrBorrHcrla ero [poTHBHr{Kr{ B 3Toii

' ,,r). Ta,rautr,r JlorroHo_

HeBbIcoKo, H floro[ry BnorHe MofJ,IH npercr .rro.tevHxe oueHnBanlrB poJIH (<MaJrflpan. 'trrtrft

ero B NtacKaDa-rgEqe o.rHa reNra H3 <flacrua o nolE:lr

Mo)Ker 6rrrr cex:aFra c <TopxecrB),roueii rrTeK,ra> JloNroHocoeapane flepByro rp]'mry- Bo3rJraB;rrrT Monrr..t lrrHepeofi)). B vacxa_B npl twevaHnH K ofurcaHr l rc r ror l r vacrLr

-1) ' HnH f lepecrreruHrrx.<Mont, BHA' rreroBeKa, cMeq.rcr, o"" u"a,,"trnapala aouopuroao,Ha fpyr{x oKH4 CKBO3b KOTOpOe 6rr e ero ,.

(rOrH He c.feJrzLrr ej\,r\

MoxHo, 6rtxy cnle.r,rcn, lrrf l.tero 6orH "a

,,,1,. ' l t lue clrorpel 6u,tr.pol-oB, H TeM J.IHIIJHIII efo 6o,rruet-t cI.L,IbI.

.'\raglt,,ttt ex{r B fp},r].{}.

Anl{ qero He MoxHo, ecrbJru } Kofo x).Joii ' ,

Hart .roMoN,{ cN{erJcn.npl*ryrc cropoH\r). 3ro o6r,xcueH'e Boc\o ,.. 'uce], noBopor'Tb ' i,x 6acHe ?roaa f Aesop: - l \& 5 lSl . Onn.urrn* . " , , . , n"pu1 ro orrcpc-rbHer oKHa B rpy.|IH, r{ noroM} He BnlHo, r{T()

\ le.ToBeKa. }. Koropor(.

' Hero Ha cep.lue, Bo3_

o Kax nora3an I,I. 3. Cepuan, cJroBa Tpe.frrr .K N{HeFrr.{rc i.r3Becrnoro <Aeropa>,

"rn^r"i \ \)BcKoro. orcbr.!aloulii

ufiq a66ara !ro6oc4 3Tr{ xe c,roea 6br,1n rlq1 . lr€p€Bo-for\{ rr3 coqrrHe3arrKe, noMe[reHroii s <3ur.{Kno[errrD lcefr\':\TopeHbr B crarE,e o \ro- r a u :

4 1 2 l .

E. nofoc.qH 2l

vo iKHO:OTCblJ IaeTK3nI {3OAyH3cTt IXOTBOpeHHt iJo l tOHocOea ' r le' i i"op*,t' qro crelclo voxel cnlxrrb KaK

I-lpravep SecxHrpocr ublx cep'leu:

Kbzo toln cu)etnu cKlo3b. Tor rIo,IIJllIHHo He rbctlleq

[Jlovouocoe: 245].

Jlououocon, KaK MbI BHjII'lM, npe.r'craBneH B fpynfle flpeaparuoro

cBeTA vl nan <pu(tuaq)), n KaK (Nr€u.ttp))' it ocNtetH NaK no3T' KaK

aBTOp MO3aHqeCKI'IX KapTHH H KaK lbcTeU'

Xuuepa eue pa3 r lof lBrterct B MacKapalHblx crHxax Xepacxo-

S4 HO He B KOMN{eHTapIrH K cTI'IxoTBOpUaN{ Ha KOpoBax' a B cTH-

xix, o6paueHHblx K O6vaHy I ' I ero cBure' B nporpauMe MacKapa-

Aa yKa3blBarlocb. qTo Ha 3HaKe O6ltaua 5lt : l l t : (MacKa' a KpyroM

3Mer{, Kpotoul{ect B po3ax)' o6uau B MacKapa.qe co[poBoxJlanH

xI(r-rraHut t{ IrblfaHKll' KoI{ norcT H n-;lflrx}'T). <Korgy'Hst I1 KonAy-

HbH H HecKoJlbKo irb.sBojtoB), <o6tran, Irprt KoeN{ T]poeKTepbD),

B cruxax, nocBclueHHbtx :roi; i rp) nne, Xepacxoa r lHcaII:

flportrnHst cra.ilocrl'I TaKHq ecrecrBy'

Kom clr;r-"- or.falor Ha.[ ceprlreM Kon.qoBcrB,v'

Koropoe o.r.Ha iIntrlb ?-T'natl xlL\tepa;

Ho ecex oSMaHoe zrqia oS:rquat npo)tevtrcpu'

Og no.t usar oSt4ecntcct crpeltHTcfl ont'Icarb'r{ro6 noeoii nrttr1'rtxoii 6apstru xaxori cocaru.

h exe . r r t c ro He ) ]epxats o6NtaHoa.

Tax 61'ler 3.jlfle oH KoJI.lIoBoK 14 tlbl?lHoo'

Orcrr lxa x JJottonocoBy 3Jecb oqeBurHa: B nnreparypHorl none-

MHKe oH, Kali Mbt y;,t<e Bl'ue,rlt. Hocl4,'l KrLIqKy <l-{urauocoB), Ho H

xapaKTeplrcrl'(Ka (Kon.lyH) N{o;Ker Ssrl orHeceHa K HeMy

xe (ncnorrHr.rM xoTr 6sr Hac*leurnlr c1'UapoxoBa, KoTopbti.t nuca,r

o6 onstrax ,qol, loHocosa no npeBpauleHlt lo Mo;loKa a ' ;ororo) '

Kpoiue roro. ryT ecrb H [psN{at ul{rara I{3 cruxorBopeHrtr JIo-

MoHocoBa <Ha ecepa.aocTHoe o6r,rsneHHe O npeBocxoAcTBe HoBo-

u:o6pereHHoii aprrtn:repnu HaA craporo reHepanoM $e'lngqel*tr-veiicreporr 1i KaBzurepoM rpa(lol,r flerport tr4saHosltqent llJyea,lo-

nurv>($eeparc1760r.) .CruxornopeHl '{eHaqHHaercsci loBaN{u:

fltt no"tt sat ooulectnca KoJlb paaocrHo rpyrnrbct[JlonoHocoe: 232].

!

2 l20 NOMOHOCOB Ii XHMEPA

HeecKr{ii) (1757-1758 rr.), noprper E:rH:aserrr flerpoeHsr (1760 r.)H KaprL{H}' <Anocro,q llerp> (1761 r.). K uava-rr1' 1163 r.IlorroHo-coB yrxe Haqarr pa6ory HaA noprperou E,xarepHHsr II [Marcapenxo].

B cyuapor<oBcKor"r <Tpy,lonro6usoii nqe,'re> 5sr-'ra rroMeueHaCIJIC OAHA CTATBI, KOCBCHHO HAMEKABII IAg HA HOBOE } 'BXCI{EHHCJlonaoHocosa, - (O N{o3aHKe) Tpe.luaxoncxoro. Ou nHcan: <Xu-BOnUCb, IIpOll3BOJlr\{afl MZLrIeBaHueN.t, Becbt\ta npeBocxo3Hee Mo-3ar4qHbrr )KHBofrlrcu, no paccy;{qeHH}o c.rlaBHofo B yqeHoN{ cBeTeAuropa: 116o neno:lrox(Ho, roBopHT oH, rrolpa;Karb coBeprxeHHoKaMeuIKaN,fH H CTeK"rIbIIIKAMV BCe)t Kpacontalt u t|plLgnlHoct|1fl,ll,n:o6paxaeubrM or HcKycHbrc KHcroqKH Ha KaprlrHe H3 N{acra. l.rrr.tHa creHe, TaK Ha3brBaeuoxr @pecKoro, H3 Bo,rbr no crrpoil ld3Bec-rH> [Tpyao,rro6usa-fl rqeJ]a: 359-360]6. Tpe.quarcoecKHr-t, KaK r\{brBltIaM. )'Ka3brBaeT, qro He raK y?K xopoua uo3auKa 1.nr n:o6pa-xeHurr cBe)Kecrpl reBnu (a Jlol,roHocoB KaK pa: pa6ora,r a aroBpeMr HaA fiop'rperom E,'lrsaeerrr llerpoausr). Ta"rauru ,Tonono-coBa-xHBorrncua ero npornBHHr(H e rroi. i tro.tevHKe oueHHBa-tHHeBbICOKO, U nOTOMy BIOJIHe MOfr'IH npe.tlcTaBlrTb efo B t\tacKapaleB polrr4 (Mzlnspa).

EuIe orua reMa H3 <flHcrua o fioxb3e crexJra)) IoNlouocosaMor{er 6rrrl cnceaHa c <TopxecrB}}ouer"r Mrruepnor"r>. B uacxa-paAe fiepByro rpymry._ Bo3rrraB,r.rrJr Moul'c, n,rn flepecuerxHnK.B npunrevaHun K orrrrcasrrrc :roii qacrrr MacKapa.qa roBopr.urocb:<Mou, BHA! qeroBeKa, cMetJcr> g.Ilfr.{ero 6oru He cleJ.ri l l l{ eMvHa rpy.qflx oKHa, cKBo3b Koropoe 6rr e ero cepJue crrorpers 5rr.roMox(Ho, 6stry cner,rcq, Ar'rfl qero 6ortt He tIocraBr.r.qH e\,tv B r-p]'.{txporoB, H TeM JrruIuJIU efo 6o,rtueii crrJ'rbr, a HaI "IoMot\{ cMeqJcq,Anfl qefo He MoxHo, ecrb.ilH y Kofo x)'.]or"t coce.l, noBopoTfiTb HaApyrylo cropoHy). 3ro o6b.qcHeHae BocxoJur, B flepBvro oqepe.tb,x Sacne 3sona [Aesop: JYI 518]. Onucanne qe;roBeKa, ], KoroporoHeT OKHa B fpyAr.t, H noToMv He BtuHo. qTo ) Hefo Ha cep.lue, Bo3-

" Kax noKa3a!.r H. 3. Ceprvau, cJloBa TperuaHorcroro, orcbrrarculleK MHeHI{Io H3BecrHoro <Aeropa>, flBJrt}orcs nepeBoJoM 13 cor{rrHe-uus a66ara !rc5oca" 3rH xe c:loea 6rr.iru noBropeHbr B crarbe o Nro-3arrKe, rroMerrreHHofi s <Surlrcronernro ICeprraH: 412].

E. NOIOCflH

MortHo, oTCbIjIaeT K 3nr.{3oly H3 CTITXOTBOpeHI4q jlOn'touocoea' lAe

fOBOplITCfl, qTO CTelLrlO l\tOXeT CJrl))KHTb KaK

flpr.rurep 6ecxrtrpocrublx cep.ileu:

Ro:o -lrrsa eudema cKoolb, To'I noA.lll'IHHo He llt ctllet!

[,rTovoHocoe: 245].

IloruoHocoe, KaK NIbI BH.IHM, rlpercraBneH B fpynrle flpeeparuoro

cBeTa ll Han <pusuaq), n KaK (Nta.ltp), l l ocN{e.flH KaK nO?T. KaK

aBTOp N{O3aHrJecKI{x KapTHH H KaK JII'CTeII.

Xnuepa eue pa3 notBrflercfl B N{acKapa.lHblx crltxax Xepacxo-

s& HO He B KOr{\{eHTapHH K CTHXOTBOpUaM Ha KOpoBax, a B cTI4-

xax, o6paueHHblx x O6vaH-v H ero cBI'Ire. B nporpauMe MacKapa-

Aa yKa3brBa.rocb. ttro Ha 3HaKe o6ltaga 6lt,rlt: (MacKa. a KpyroM

3Mer4, Kpolournecfi B po3ax). o6mau B MacKapa.qe co[poBoxqqa"IH

<lluraurt H ubtt-aHKl'l, Kolt nofor il n-lflIllvr)' <Ko,r.r.1 urt I't Konly-

Hbr{ H HecKo"IE,Ko JbqBoroB)), <O6uaH, rIpI{ Koer{ f ipoexTepbl)'

B cruxax, nocBstueHHbtx :roii rp)'[ne, Xepacxos nllciL'I:

flportrauu c,rta;rocrll TaKIls ecrecrB)/'Ko;n cn;r,v" orJalor Ha.f cepr[eM KoJI.iIoBcrB.v'

Koropoe o-Iua Jltlxb ?llnQ* xLurepa:Ho scex o6rlaHoe z:rqil oS,trctuut npo)rceKmepq.

Ou n o: t t, t t'r o 5 u 1 e c t t t rl ct crpe\t ltrc-fl ott I'Icarb'r{ro5 Hosoii esr,R'nrxoii 6apstur xaxoil cocars.I,{ exe;ru ero He )'.tepxiarr' o6uanou,Tax 51'rer 3Jte oH KoJIJoBoK rr tlbtluHoe-

Orcrr,rxa x ,rlovosocoBv 3.xecb oqeBHAHa: B naTeparypHoii none-

MllKe oH, KaK Mbl )')Iie Buler'llt' Hoct'IJl KnHqKy <[{ulraHocoB))' HO H

xapaKTepucrl{Ka (Ko,TfyH) r\'lo;,Ker Sstrl orHeceHa K HeMy

xe (ncnoltHI,1M xort 6tt Hacnreurxlt C1'vapoxoBa, Koropbtli nuca1t

o6 onstrax fovoHocoBa no npeBpaueHulo MoroKa e :o.roro).

Kpove roro, Tvr ecrb II t lpflMat u[Tara tl3 crtlxorBopeHttr JIo-

MoHocoBa <Ha ncepanocrHoe o6r,qsreHue o rrpeBocxoAcrBe HoBo-

uso6pereuHofi aprn.l:repull Ha.q craporc teHepanoM $ensgqeiir-tueiicrepou rt KaBa,'IepoM rpa$oru llerport tr4eaHosuqeNt [lyna:ro-

errn> ($enpa.'ru 1760 r.). CrnxornopeHue HaquHaercf, croBaNlu:

fitx notuzat oStrlecmeo Konh paAocrHo rpyrl'lrbc{[Jlolrotrocon: 232]

/

L )22 NOMOHOCOB 14 XI,{MEPA

(IIoxb3a o6uecrsa>, Koropyro o6l,raHulur-npoxeKrep (crpeN{nr-ct orucaTb)) B crnxorBopeHuH Xepacroea, KoHeqHo ;,Ke, orcbrraerK (noJl[,3e o6ulecrnv> y .,''louoHocosa. Kol,rveHTaropbr flo.lHorocoSpaulr coqnueuuii , l lotrouocoea yKit3btBarcr: <B nepuol Cenlr-,retHei.r soiiHlr p)'ccKyro apMt{ro, rto HacrorrHuro Il. 14. UJyaa,rona.Boopy;'Kll,qr,r raK Ha3blBaet\,tbtMIt elt lHopofaMH (...), oAHaKo, ltB apr\'rHu. ri npH ABope N,rHofUe BcTpeTHnH uyBa,rroBcKoe HoBoBBe_AeHr{e c HeAoBeprreM, a HH[,re H c oclxreHltett. Bnu,1r, froro28-31 flHBaprr 1160 r. e MapreHeeprepe drrro npoutBeAeuo, i lorpe6onaulto llJ1,ra,rona, cpaBHhreJ'rbHoe llc[L,ITaHtre HoBbrx t{ cra-pbrx opvlHli <...>. 06 urorax 3Toro HcfrbfiaHLrs Ceuaror,r, nopacropqxeHulo ulrneparpuubr, 6u,r l6 $eepa,rr 1760 r. Hafleqa-rau u l7-ro Ne $enpa,rr pa3ocnaH Bo Bce rocy^IapcrBeHHbre )'q-pexleHfir vKa3 "Bo OrJpOBep)KeHne npoH3HeceHHbtx 3.1ecb Heoc-HoBarenbHbrx cxyxoB o HoBbIX opy,Irr.ax">. 3ro co6lrrue u (,lzLrroroBo-q .I lor,roHocon\' rpnBercrBoBarb l i. 14. [Ll1 na,rosa r\ 'd.lruxve-MbrMrl crtlxaNlrr)) [,r louoHocoe VIII: I I l3-l 114]. XepacxoB, raxr{Mo6pa:ov, Br,lcryflaer Ha cropoHe re\, KTo rror.]aral ]r npoAon;KaerIlorararl, riro Aoporocrorulue e.IHHopor-H Llll,aa,rona He npuHo-ctT no"rlb3bt oSulecrey, a [prr.xy]\{aHbr A,1q roro, vroSlr <SapHurraxoii cocarb),

Lllyna,roa -vilrep B Haqa'le 7762 r., t.r, Ka3ar.locb drr, 6optda c Hlrnrnorep-sra aKT\'€L.lbHocrr. Ho ycrpourenr{ MacKapa.la, KoHeqHo )Ke.3Harlr o HeHaBHcru HoBoI"t ll\,lneparpirubt Ko Bcej\,ry KrlaH) IIIyna-J'IOBbIX, 11 corltn yl\{ecTH},tM (a, ro:voxHo, rro,'t] rtu.rlu uepe: E,ra-rnHa H cneqll&'tbHoe ilo3BoJeHne Ha ro l l j \tneparpuusr) nrcrrcvlrrtHaMeKr{ Ha caNrofo fI. 14. tllyna'roBa r{ ero pa3opurexbHbre .t!.rqKa3Hbr npoeKrbt B rrporpaMM), MacKapa.qa. A nrrecre c l l l lna,ro_BbrN,r 3arler oKa3iL'rc.g n IlolrosocoB, To)r(e (flpo)fieKTep)) r{ pa3opH-Te"[b Ka3HbI.

B uacrcapage <TopxecrByloulafl MnHepra>, rarulu o6pa:ou,no 3aNrbrcx.v -vcrpoltrexel"r, xpolre r,raBHol"t l lqerr Oopldbr c [opo_Ka[,ru, AoJr;Kulr 6rt,rl.r 5ttrt paccrrflaHbl pa3Hofo poaa HaMeKn,B Tor\r qrrcne ri orcbr,rxr{ K xurepar},pHofi no,rer,rr.rxe 1750_x rr.

l44ea ncnoJrb3oBarb npn.lBopHbrii, no;ruruuecrcnr:r no ctoeiiTer\raTr1Ke, tlracKapa.l B,TuTepaTypHor't nonej\rrrKe nptrHafrez(a.lacaMol'ry , l loNroHocoev u,.ut o.lHoM]/ u3 ero cropoHHrrKon. B napo-

E. frofoc-flH

nuittttoitt < O,1e Tpe c orHHv)' Korop!'to o5 stquo [pll illlc bI Baror JIo-

i l"""a""v H Koropat 6rt,1a HanttcaHa B nocrelHl{e rolbl [paB're-

iir'r"ii"'"^"erut rlerpoeHbl' aBrop BctloMnHaer o6 yuacrrll, Tpe-

i ru*ou.*oto-Tpecort tHa B NlacKapale AsHr ' t l loaHHoeHst 1740 r ' :

HY x' xnararttflocxoPrli'He rePril MI4HYrbl;

Teutucl rar,

Kax t't cav'B n:rxcr..1', B BaJlhJ', e xryru!

Kax IIemPut me6a xatnat

I'I EatctxuPert nunt'Bce Penl'r re6e: <K1-Pax.

TpecoruH. y ro.IlHIlK Hau ! > [JlouoHocon: 459]'

Tenept, e 1'763 t., rureparypHble nporllBHIiKH BblBeJt'I caNloro

JlottoHocosa B l\tacKapa.Ie Bepxol\{ Ha KopoBe'

JII4TEPAryPA

Eepxoe 7935: Eepxoe 17. H. <<Xop K npeBparHoMy cBery) u ero aerop //

XVI I I sex/ [ Io : pe.r . ,A. C. Op-noea' M' ; J I " 1935' <C6' l> ' C ' l8 l -

202.Eepxoe 1936: Ee1troe I H JlovonocoB tI nrlreparypHat noi]eMuxa efo

BpeMeHLI. 1750-1765. M. l J I . , 1936.Borxos: O. f. Bo,rrxoe u pyccfl4ii rearp ero Bpel\reHl{: C5' uat' M'' 1953'

fyr<oncxuii 1935: I-.1'xortcxttir f' O <Xope Ko rlpeBparHort'ry caeryl> (Orner

f l . H ' Eepr iou.n-) / i XVI I I eer ' M' ; "TI ' ' 1935' <C6' l> ' C '203 211'

fyxoacxnit 1936.. I-yx'.,crarr I Ovepritl ,.o Llcropfilt pyccxoi:t "'rl'{r€pary-

psr XVIII nexa: .I[noprHcxax SpoHSa B Jt{reparype 1750-1760-x ro-

.aoe . M . ; I . . 1936 .ExarepuHa: Exctnteptuta 11. CoquueuHs. M., 1990'

Xypna.'r : XypHanur xairr ep-$1 puepcKne' 1'7 63' E' Hl', 5' ' l '

Kypranoo: K1'p:auoe H. f. Poccuiicxaq yHI'IBepcanbHafl I-paMN{arHKa'

cII6., r 769.JloNroHocoe: .tlottouocrte Nt. B. Vt6pauHbte npoil3Be.ileHl{fl. JI., 1986.

JloNtoHocoe VIll: -To.rrorrocrtrt iN[. B. i lo"". co6p' co'{ ': B l0 r' M'; I l ' '

1959. T. VI i l .MaxapeHxo: Mttxctpeuxo H. Mo:auqnsre pa6orsr j-lotttoHOcoea: Butcrasxa

<,tlonoHocoe B eJItl3aBerl{HcKoe Bpe\{fi) ' IIr ' , t9l7' T' Vll l '

flllcwta: flucrva DvccKrIX ntlcare:reit XVIII eexa' Jl', 1980'

,, '| NOMOHOCOB }4 XI,{MEPA

florocgu: Ikt;,oc'au E Monavc u rlpeaparHtrir ceercrByrcua.s Munepea> (B neuarrz).

f lpocxypuua: Ilpocxlpuua B. MwS;;. t{Mnepul:B lno.\y ExareptHu ll. M., 2006.

PCfl: Pyccxan cruxorBopHar napo.4lur: XVII - Haqturo XIX r. Jl., 1960.cepuan: cep-vau II. 3. lna onbrra KoMMeHrHpoBaHur. cnop o Nro3au-

xe (Tpe,tuaxoncxuii), locroencxuii r.r lruurrpuri llucapee // Hoerre5e:4e,rxu. C6. cr . x 60- , reruo B. 3. Bau1,po. M. , 1995 1996. C.4 l l414

Topxecrel,rourar MnHepra: Topxecrnylouar Munepra, o6ueHapoquoe3peJlu[Ie, lpelcraBneHsoe 6o,rrurur,r MacKapa.rloM e MocKse lj63 t.,AHBapn .qm. fle qaraHo npfi lrM neparopcxoNt Moc xo ecxoN,r vnllBepc u_rere. <M., 1163>.

Tp;-ao,rro6r.rear rqe.na: Tpv,lo,rro6unar rqe,ra. 1759. Aue. - Aex.t{1',rxos: l-t.txrlrt I[. tr. Co6pagr.{e pa3Hblx receH, ,tu. 1,2,3 c flpndan.rre-utieiv, 1770-1773 rr. / l Co.ttneHlra M. l. L{r'axoua. CIIo., 1913. T. l.

Aesop: Aesop's Fables / A new translation by L. Gibbs. oxford, 2002.To Ne : www.mythfolklore.net/aesopica/index.htm

Wortman: I,l'ortman R. Scenarios of power: Myth and Ceremony in Rus_sian Monarchy liom Peter the creat to the Abdication of Nitholas il.Princelon. N. J.. 2006.

ABE CvAbEblHI4KONA.fl I4BAH OI]I4I{A CTPAXOBA

tlronMl4JlA 3At"rOHU

O xra:sn H. tr{. CrparoBa H3Becrrlo oqeHb HeN{Horo. f lportcxox-

' leH:lLe. o6pa:oaauue, npvxecKue cBt3II, ceN{et'IHoe nono)KeHHe. Aa-

Tbr )KH3HH H CMeprH ero 6HorpaOaNI eule [peAcroHT .vcraHoBl',ITb'

B 181I r., Korxa Crpaxoa H3.xall cBolo nocnerHroKl KHI'lrKK.v' eM)'

6u,ro <c JII{IIIKo\{ copoK JIer)), o Koropbt\ oH o6Mo,'IBHflct KaK

o ury6oKoil crapocrar. B nausrtr coBpeN'teHHI4KoB IIMI H' LI. Crpa-

xoBa He 3aAepxailocb.Tax xe, c!'roBHo Htlorx)'ra, [otB,t.flercfl oH B cepejll{He 1780-x rr.

B HoBHKoBcKor\r Kp)'ry, n noporxnii cporc npno6peraer H3Becr-

HOCTb, Ha frHKe xoropoi{ ocraBrcer nnrepar)'pHoe noflpHlue, or-

peAen{ercr ua c.;ryx6-v r{ ilor{TLI Ha xBa.qqarb .jter 3aMoilKaer. fseMUUreHbKrre KHnlll oqepKoB, Bbln\'[teHHble I ' lM ]'xe B HoBoN'l BeKe,

Tpy,lHO Ha3BaTb rlonblTKol't Beptn TI'cfl B nHTepaTypy - 3To CKO-pee nonbrrKa BepH]Tbcr K caN{oMv ce6e, coSparb cKpoN'tHble oc-

TarKH Tofo Kanrlrata, noropsril HeKof.fa cocraBrq,'I efo rnTepa-

rypHlrii Aap, u ilpe.trnoxllTb ero ly-6:rnre B KaqecrBe ro J'lI{ llcno-BeAH, To .rIH 3aBeuaHnx. 3tu KHHII{ HnqeN{ He HafloN,tt4Hzult{ 3opKo-ro H OCTpOyr\{HOfO -\poHlrKepa N{OJHO|O BeKa, KaK}{M rHa,wt crpa-xoBa qHTare;ru 1790-x rr., oHll BbrraBuLru B aBTope qenoBeKa paHococrapHBuer-Ocr" HeCqaCTHOfO rt O.tr.rHOKofo. Kpnrnrca B nHue<CaHxr-i lerep6yprcr.ioro BecrHHKa) orpearilpoBa.la agensatHo'.

3a aru (c JrHrrrKoM copoK ,rer> CrpaxoB fipoxo]x ABe KoporKltexH3Ht{, npuHal,rle)KaBrrlne, Ka3aJrocb 5u, gnyn coBepueHHo pa3-HhlM ftoi1tM. floxalyr"t, 3To H ecrb rraBHbll"t HepB ero Suorpad;ut't.Orcrora h ro oruyueHne rl{cKoMrfopra, Koropoe cKBo3HT B nocBq-IIIeHHbIX Crpaxoev HeN{Hofoqt{c;IeHHblx crarbfx, }I He llo3BoJlqer

' Cmpaxoe H PaccnarprrBareJr' Ib xl l3Hrl n HpaBoB. Cfl6.. l8l l . q. I l .

^ c .41 .'

Cu.: Canxr-flerep6yprcrnii BecrHlrK. 1810. I& 8; 1812. Nl l.

B r\{acKapa.qe <TopNe-

,rlureparYpa u B:racrb