International Electronics Recycling Congress Salzburg, Austria, January 2013

The Role Of Standards & Certification In Leveling The Playing Field

For End-of-life Electronics (EOLE) Management

Libby Chaplin & Anne PetersLibby Chaplin & Anne Peters

Purpose of the presentationp

Present outcomes of recent research conducted by A di S l ti i t d d i t Arcadian Solutions comparing standards against IEEE 1680.2 & 1680.3 EOLE processing criteria

Explore industry perceptions of end-of-life Explore industry perceptions of end-of-life electronics processing’s playing field

From our recent online industry surveyTerminology varies by regionTerminology varies by region

Share our observations & conclusions

How big is this playing field?p y g

Understanding of e-waste generation & movement is in infancy:

2.5 kg Personal computers/capita  N. America 2005  1

40 million  Computer units/yr  U.S. 2010 2

2,209 metric tonnes  e‐waste generated  U.S. 2010 3

10 million tonnes  e‐waste generated (‘WEEE arising’) Europe per annum  4

Demand for EOLE standards is growing concurrently

57%  … of e‐waste arising is 'unaccounted for' Europe  NA 5

115% increase PC/tablet/smartphone shipments Global 2011 ‐ 2016  6

Demand for EOLE standards is growing concurrently

North America: e‐Stewards & R2 Certs(n = 1582)

Europe: WEEE Forum projections(n=2000)

Certified

( )

13%

87%

( )

22%

78%

WEEELABEX candidate facilitiesOtherNot certified

Source: E‐Scrap News Source: WEEE Forum

78% Other facilities

Drivers: Responsible e-waste management

For Against

BaselBasel

EPEAT

WEEE & ROHS

Ease of entry to EOLE business

Customer brand protection

Market differentiation

Export prices

Metals market fluctuations

Traditional informal practicesMetals market fluctuations

Sustainability*

L ndfill di e ion

Traditional, informal practices

Lack of regulations - many countries do not have WEEE & ROHS equivalent Landfill diversion & ROHS equivalent

Green Electronics Council Research SNAPSHOTesea c S S O

Creation & revision of standardsThis playing field is evolving quicklyThis playing field is evolving quickly

Evaluated standards against 1680 baseline for responsible EOL management:for responsible EOL management:

Meeting legal requirementsEnvironmental, health, & safety (EH&S) Management SystemManagement SystemEH&S controls EH&S trainingDefinition of materials of concernDefinition of materials of concernTracking throughput of equipmentTracking to final dispositionProof of Liability & Environmental insuranceProof of Liability & Environmental insurance

2012 GEC Research Snapshot

Yes

No

l

WEEELABEX e‐Stewards R2 RQP/ERRS

IAF dit d tifi ti

Partial

IAF-accredited certification

Definition of covered equipment

Written management plan for Materials of Concern to protect EH&S

Export Controls (+Competent Authority)

Testing equipment/ components going for reuse, repair or refurbishment prior to exportDisallow Incineration / waste-to-energy for materials containing mercury, halogenated compounds, & berylliumDisallow non-hazardous disposal facilities for disposal of “materials of concern”

Mass Balance

Addresses collection and logistics

Site Closure Plan

Online survey respondents

www.surveymonkey.comPromoted via: 56.6%14.3%

12.1%

U i d S

Europe

Canada

e-Scrap NewsBasel Action NetworkElectronics Product Stewardship Canada 2.7%

4.4%

1.1%

Mexico

Australasia

South & Central America

United States

Stewardship CanadaRecycling Qualification Program CanadaWEEE Forum

7.1%

1.6%

All of the above

Africa/Middle East

List serves e.g.,CENELEC TC111X WG 6DIGITALEUROPEI f ti

11.8%

4.3%

3.7%

Consultant

Standard owner

Government

InfoactivElectronics Recycling

Professional contacts

2 7%

5.9%

9.6%

6.4%

Secondary or end processor

Reseller/Broker

Original Equipment Manufacturer

Auditor

Limited snapshotResponse: n=187

2.7%

52.9%2.7%

Other

Recycler

Secondary or end processor 

Do EOLE standards level the playing field, by facilitating more responsible

management of e-waste?g

16%

2%

Y

Respondents’ program 81%

16% Yes

No

No opinion

115 28ISO 14001

p gexperience

60

84

35

30

e‐Stewards

R2

22

61

39

42

Canadian RQP

OHSAS 18001

14

17

40

47

Canadian ERRS

WEEELABEX Yes No

Effectiveness of export controls(In preventing shipment of hazardous waste from

developed to developing countries)

56 53 13e‐Stewards®Highly effective

Somewhat effective

11

33

29

66

5

28

WEEELABEX Standards

R2

Somewhat effective

Not at all effective

11

11

21

29

7

5

Canadian Recycler Program (RQP)

WEEELABEX Standards

8

8

18

26

8

29

C di R P (ERRS)

EPEAT

8 18 8Canadian Reuse Program (ERRS)

Encouragement of Reuse of EOLE

R2 4148

24

EPEAT

e‐Stewards®

8

26

19

50

22

33

24

C di R P

WEEELABEX Standards

EPEAT

8 16

19

12

22

Canadian Reuse Program (ERRS)

8 19 11

Highly effective Somewhat effective Not effective

Results drawn from cross‐tabulating program experience with perceptions

Industry-Level Impact

Broadened demand for e‐cycling services

Increased demand for responsible processing?

28%27%

60%35%

5%

45%

Attracting Investment Capital

More difficult for irresponsible e‐cyclers 

7%

Reduced insurance premiums?

27%44%27%

49%

24%29%

64%29%49%

Company-Level Impact

42%

41% 70%8% 6%

No

Somewhat

34%

42%39% Somewhat

Yes

25%

10%

50% 56%20%

Increased costs without visible benefit?

Reduced compliance costs?

Reduced risk? Improved reputation?

Impact on Operations

Improved employee satisfaction?

Reduced accidents and exposures to 

19% 47% 34%

Good preparation for customer or 

workers 36% 49% 14%

p pregulatory inspections or audits? 60% 34% 6%

Yes Somewhat NoYes Somewhat No

Resulting increase in business returns

5 19 12 21 26R2

5 13 13 12 22e‐Stewards®

3 15 6 6 10Canadian RQP

2 14 2 2 3WEEELABEX 

0 11 6 7 2EPEAT

Negative impact No impact <5% increase 6‐10% increase >11% increase

Conclusions

Playing field for responsible recycling is small but growingrecycling is small but growing

Standards alone…Do not build the market for Do not build the market for responsible processing

Are not a guarantee of ibl iresponsible processing

Are enhanced by well-regulated and enforced jurisdictions

Provide leadership & credibility if well implemented & enforced

ConclusionsDemand

Demand for responsible recycling is key – need for…recycling is key need for…

Market pull across consumer, business & institutional buyers

NGO focus on awareness raisingNGO focus on awareness raising

Regulatory drivers (processing & purchasing)

E f t f t Enforcement - e.g., of export bans, environmental laws

Engagement of purchasing groups

Cross-referencing in other standards (beyond EPEAT)

ConclusionsStandards Approaches

Approaches vary depending on goals & regulatory frameworks, however there are some consistent trendsare some consistent trends

Standards are influencing one another

Industry is actively influencing Industry is actively influencing standards – OEMS and Recyclers

Scopes vary – WEEELABEX inclusion of Collection StandardCollection Standard

EPEAT continues to be a driver

Prescriptive nature e Stewards Prescriptive nature – e-Stewards perceived is more rigorous

Need for, & complexity of meaningful it imonitoring

ConclusionsDrivers for leveling the playing field

Willingness to payPurchasing power of OEMsPurchasing power of OEMsOpportunity for better segmentation of the market (to serve OEMs, Cities, Institutional, gamers, etc)Cost of responsible processing

Key questions for this rapidly evolving y q p y gsector

Actual volumes/metricsTransboundary movementsyImpact of standards on pollution prevention and health & safety outcomesIncentives for design for environment

Thank you!

&

Thank you to our sponsors Thank you to our sponsors

http://www.resource-recycling.com

http://onsiteelectronicsrecycling.com

To download a copy of the GEC reports, go to:

http://arcadiansolutions com/products downloads/reports/http://arcadiansolutions.com/products-downloads/reports/

Libb Ch li A di S l tiLibby Chaplin, Arcadian SolutionsE: libby.chaplin@arcadiansolutions.comT: +1 (347) 277 5553W: www.arcadiansolutions.com

Anne Peters, Gracestone, Inc., ,E: annep@indra.comT: +1 (303) 494 4934 W: www gracestoneinc comW: www.gracestoneinc.com