LAMU COUNTY 2015 SHORT RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT

A Joint Report by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group1 (KFSSG) and County

Steering Group, Lamu County

February, 2016

1 Joshua Mayeku (National Drought Management Authority) Vincent Obondo (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology)

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Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 3

1.1 County Background ................................................................................................................ 3

1.2 Current Factors Affecting Food Security ................................................................................ 3

2.0 COUNTY FOOD SECURITY SITUATION ............................................................. 3 2.1 Current Food Security Situation ............................................................................................. 3

2.2 Food Security Trend ............................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Rainfall performance............................................................................................................... 4

2.4 Current Shocks and Hazards ................................................................................................... 5

3.0 IMPACT OF RAINFALL PERFOMANCE, SHOCKS AND HAZARDS ............. 5 3.1 Crop Production ...................................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Livestock Production .............................................................................................................. 6

3.3 Water and sanitation ............................................................................................................... 8

3.4 Markets and Trade .................................................................................................................. 9

3.5 Health and Nutrition ............................................................................................................. 10

3.6 Education .............................................................................................................................. 11

3.7 Coping mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 12

3.8 Ongoing Interventions........................................................................................................... 12

3.9 Sub-county ranking (From worst to best) ............................................................................. 13

4.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS ............................................................................. 13 4.1 Prognosis Assumptions ......................................................................................................... 13

4.2 Food Security Outcomes (February – April) ........................................................................ 13

4.3 Food Security Outcomes (May – July) ................................................................................. 13

5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................... 14 5.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 14

5.2 Summary of recommendations ............................................................................................. 14

6.0 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................... 15 6.1 Annex 1: Food Intervention Required .................................................................................. 15

6.2 Annex II. Non-food Interventions ......................................................................................... 15

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36%

25%

16%

23%Mixed farming /Food/Cash/ Crop/ LivestockMixed farming /Food/Cash CropsFishing and mangrove

Figure 1: Population Distribution by Livelihood

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 County Background Lamu County has two sub-counties namely, Lamu East and Lamu West. The county has a total of seven wards which include, Kizingitini, Kiunga, Faza and Amu in Lamu East and Mpeketoni, Hindi and Witu in Lamu West sub-county. It borders the Indian Ocean to the South, Tana River County to North West, Garissa County to the North and the Republic of Somalia to the northeast. The county has an approximate area of 6,273.1 square kilometers, with the mainland and 65 Islands, which form the famous Lamu Archipelago. It has an estimated population of 101,531 persons2. Lamu County has four main livelihood zones which are; mixed farming food crop, mixed farming cash crop, fishing and mangrove and the formal employment/casual waged labour/business livelihood zone (Figure 1). The pastoral livelihood zone constitutes a very small percent of the population. The county receives a bimodal type of rainfall (Long and Short rains) where the long rains account for 80 percent of the total annual crop and livestock production

1.2 Current Factors Affecting Food Security Poor rainfall performance Human wildlife conflicts Insecurity Inadequate subsidized certified seeds and fertilizer, Poor access to artificial insemination services Increasing livestock and crop pests and diseases Lack of formal livestock markets and limited income diversification among households

2.0 COUNTY FOOD SECURITY SITUATION

2.1 Current Food Security Situation The county as a whole is classified under the ‘Minimal’ phase under the integrated food security phase classification phase (IPC Phase 1). The food consumption score (FCS) was eight, 34 and 59 percent for the poor, borderline and acceptable categories respectively in December 2015 compared with 10, 26, and 64percent for poor, borderline and acceptable categories respectively in December 2014. There was improvement in food consumption as indicated by the decreased category under poor and increased category of borderline and acceptable. Households are

2 Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. 2009 Population Census.

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Figure 2: Rainfall Performance

consuming 2 - 3 meals per day which is normal. Terms of trade (ToT) are favorable since households are able to purchase 107 kg of maize from the sale of one goat compared to 71 kg normally. The proportion of children at risk of malnutrition measured by mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of less than 135 mm was 3.6 percent in January 2016 as compared to the long term average (LTA)of 4.4 percent. The average water consumption in the mixed farming livelihood zones ranges between 15 and 20 litres per person per day while in the fishing and mangrove livelihood zone, remained normal between 10 and 15 litres per person per day (PPPD). Pasture and browse condition is fair to poor and body condition for cattle is fair to poor, while that of sheep and goats is fair across all livelihood zones. Milk production per household per day in the mixed farming food, mixed farming cash and fishing zones was one litre compared with the normal of 2 - 3 liters. The production was 2 - 4 liters in the livestock zone, which was less than 4 - 5 liters. Milk production was declining across livelihoods. Coping mechanisms employed at households were the normal insurance coping mechanisms and no livelihood change has taken place. Mortality rates for both the general population and the under-fives has remained below the emergency cut offs.

2.2 Food Security Trend The county was previously classified under the ‘Minimal’ phase (IPC phase 1) of food insecurity in the 2015 long rains assessment carried out in August. The county has maintained the same phase classification. Households are able to consume 2 - 3 meals per day indicative of a similar trend to the previous season. Water consumption was 15 - 20 litres PPPD in the mixed farming livelihood zone and 10 and 15 litres per person per day in the fishing and mangrove livelihood zone indicating a similar trend compared to August. The terms of trade (ToT) are currently favorable at 51 percent above the LTA. The proportion of children at risk of malnutrition in January 2016 was 3.6 percent, in comparison to 3.5 percent for August 2015. Coping strategy index was 18 in December 2014 as compared to 16 in a similar period last year 2015 which implies no unusual or severe coping mechanisms are being employed.

2.3 Rainfall performance The onset of the 2015 short rains season was early in the first dekad (10 day period) of October 2015, compared to the normal second dekad of October. The rains were characterized by uneven spatial and poor temporal distribution in most livelihood zones (Figure 2). Along the coastal strip in mixed farming food, mixed farming cash and fishing and Mangrove livelihood received 50 - 90 percent of normal rainfall. The Western and Northern parts of mixed farming food received 110 – 140 percent of normal rains. The rains ceased slightly earlier than normal in the second dekad of December 2015 in comparison to the third dekad of December.

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2.4 Current Shocks and Hazards Insecurity Influx of livestock from Tana River County Human - wildlife conflict Crop and livestock pests menace in most parts of the county

3.0 IMPACT OF RAINFALL PERFOMANCE, SHOCKS AND HAZARDS

3.1 Crop Production The short rains season in the county contributes to about 30 percent of the annual total crop production and almost equal in livestock sector. Maize and coconut contribute to 30 and 25 percent respectively to food in the fishing and mangrove livelihood zone. In the mixed farming food crop zone, maize contributes 80 percent of food, while cowpeas supplies 10 percent of food. In the mixed farming cash crop livelihood zone, maize, cowpeas and bananas contribute to 45, 20 and five percent to food respectively.

Rain-fed crop production The three major rain - fed crops produced in the county during the short rains were maize, cowpeas and green grams. Due to the anticipated above average rains, the area under maize, green grams and cowpeas increased by 97, three and 292 percent respectively when compared with the LTA however, production decreased by 17 percent compared with the LTA for Maize and increased by three percent for cowpeas and 225 percent for green grams(Table 1).

Table 1. Main crops grown Crop Area planted

during 2015 Short rains season (Ha)

Long Term Average area planted during the Short rains season (Ha)

2015 Short rains season production (90 kg bags) Projected

Long Term Average production during the Short rains season

(90 kg bags)

Maize 5,915 3010 53,235 64,500 Cowpeas 924 896 5,544 5,376 Green grams 2, 480 632 14,880 4,577

Irrigated crop production The area under irrigation decreased by 11 and 44 percent for tomatoes and kales respectively consequently the production decreased by 11 percent for tomatoes and 47 percent for kales, compared with the LTA (Table 2). Decrease in production and area planted for tomatoes and kales is attributed to most farmers avoiding expenses of irrigation in anticipation of the predicted above average rains following successful sensitization.

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Table 2. Irrigated crops Crop Area planted

during 2015 Short rains season (Ha)

Long Term Average area planted during the Short rains season (Ha)

2015 Short rains season production (metric tons/Ton) Actual

Long Term Average production during the Short rains season (90 kg bags)

Tomatoes 89 100 3560 4000 Kales 56 100 1064 2000

Maize stocks The total maize stocks currently held by households, traders, millers and the National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB) were 17 percent higher than the LTA, of which household held 20 percent above the LTA. Household stocks were high given that, most maize stocks were carried forward from the long rains harvest. The availability of other alternative cash crops like cotton, cashew nut and sesame seeds (simsim) formed alternative sources of house hold income in some areas, a situation which prompted farmers to hold on their maize produce at household level. In mixed farming food crop and mixed farming cash crop zones stocks are expected to last for 1 - 2 months up to March in comparison to a normal of three months.

Table 3. Maize stocks Maize stocks held by

Quantities of maize held (90-kg bags)

Long Term Average quantities held (90-kg bags) at similar time of the year

House Holds 60,000 50,000 Traders 2,600 2,551 Millers 520 500 NCPB 4,800 5,000 Total 67,920 58,051

3.2 Livestock Production The major livestock species reared in the county include goats, sheep and cattle, with poultry more confined in the mixed farming food crop and mixed farming cash crop livelihood zones. Livestock contributes about 30 percent to income and food in the mixed farming food crop livelihood and 25 percent in the mixed farming cash crop livelihood. The pastoral livelihood receives the largest contribution of livestock at about 79 percent whereas fishing and mangrove livelihood receives 40 percent from livestock.

Pasture and Browse Condition The condition of pasture and browse currently varied from fair to poor across the livelihood zones. Pasture condition is particularly poor in the fishing and mangrove livelihood zone and fair to poor in mixed farming food crop and mixed farming cash crop zones. The pasture and browse condition is in a deteriorating trend and is currently below normal for this time of the year in all livelihood zones since it is expected to vary between good and fair.

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The below normal status of pasture and browse in the county is attributed to poor temporal and spatial distribution of short rains. Pasture in pastoral and fishing livelihood zones is poor and inaccessible due to insecurity. The ongoing security operation has restricted access to most parts of Boni forest. In the mixed farming food and mixed farming cash livelihoods, farmers have began relying on crop residues from failed crops to feed their animals. The available pasture may last for two months in Mixed farming food and mixed farming cash livelihoods. The pasture and browse are expected to last for one month in fishing and mangrove livelihood zone.

Body Condition and milk availability In the entire livelihood zone, the body condition for goats and sheep was fair while that of cattle ranged from fair to poor. The body condition remained below normal at such a time of the year, with a downward trend due to poor accessibility to pasture and browse in the county. Households in the mixed farming food crop and mixed farming cash crop livelihoods obtained about 0.5 litres per day while the pastoral zone produced the highest at an average of one litre per day while the fishing and mangrove zone got the least at less than 0.5 litres per day. The production in all the livelihoods was below normal, since the mixed food crop and mixed cash crop livelihood zones get on average, 1.5 litres daily, pastoral zone two to four litres per day while the fishing zone one litre per day normally.

Milk consumption There was a general decline in milk consumption at the household level. Milk consumption in the mixed farming food crop and mixed farming cash crop livelihoods decreased by half compared with normal. In fishing and mangrove livelihood zone consumption was less than half litre a day, a drop from the norm of one litre per day. The pastoral zone accessed the highest amount of milk at one litre per day. The average milk price in the mixed farming food crop and mixed farming cash crop livelihood zones was Ksh 40 per litre as compared to a normal average price of Ksh 25 per litre. The cost of milk in the fishing and mangrove livelihood zone was Ksh 70 per litre, as compared with a normal of Ksh 50.

Tropical Livestock Units (TLUs) The average TLU for mixed farming food crop livelihood is currently 2.5 while those in mixed farming cash crop is two, whereas households in the fishing and mangrove livelihood zone have a TLU of six while those in the pastoral zone has the highest average TLU of 19. The status of TLUs held was normal across all livelihoods.

Water for livestock The main water sources for livestock are water pans, natural ponds, wells and rivers in all the livelihood zones. The fishing livelihood zone experienced water shortages for livestock Kiunga and Bargoni being hard hit. Livestock were being watered every other day in Bargoni compared to daily in a normal year. The current water available was expected to last for 3 months up to May in all the livelihood zones with the exception of the fishing livelihood zone where it was expected to last for one month up to March.

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Livestock movement and migration The county has been experiencing livestock in - migration from the neighbouring Tana River County since late January. It was expected that this would put additional pressure on the available browse situation in the county. The in - migration is normal at this time of the year.

Livestock diseases and mortalities The major diseases reported were those related to Tick borne and Trypanosomiasis, Foot and Mouth Disease and Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) across the livelihoods. The county government had rolled out a vaccination programme to control the situation through county wide synchronized vaccination. There were no unusual mortalities and the current livestock disease risk profile is considered medium.

3.3 Water and sanitation The sources of water in the county are natural ponds, small lakes, shallow wells, djabias (underground water harvesting structures), rivers, water pans and dams. Shallow wells, boreholes and djabias constitute 66 percent of household water sources while natural ponds, small lakes, seasonal rivers and piped water constitute 34 percent. The open water sources were recharged to 60 percent of their capacity across the county in the Mixed and Marginal Mixed farming livelihood zones, of which they are expected to last for one to two months up to April, as compared with the normal two to three months normally.

Distances to water source The average distance to water points was ranging from 0.5 to 3 kilometres across all livelihood zones. The fisheries and mangrove livelihood zones had the highest distance of three kilometres, followed by the mixed farming food crop at two kilometres whereas in the mixed farming cash crop livelihood zone the distance was 1.8 kilometres and the pastoral zone having the least distance of 1.1 kilometres. Localized areas of Kiunga, Ishakani, Mararani and Bargoni were water stressed and water trucking was ongoing where household access to water was a distance of 1-2 kilometres.

Waiting time at the source The current waiting time is between 15 - 30 minutes across the county which is normal at this time of the year but the situation may worsen. Less than 20 percent of djabias in Lamu East and about 30 percent of the shallow wells in Pandanguo areas are full while the shallow wells in Bargoni have dried up. There are also a numerous shallow wells and djabias in the county which are in poor state and need rehabilitation. Due to water scarcity, most households in Bargoni are now resorting to looking for clean drinking water from Hindi (HIMWA) 21 kilometres away where waiting time is less than five minutes.

Cost of water The average price for water per 20 litre jerrycan ranged from Ksh 3 - 5 in Amu, Ksh 5 - 10 in Hindi, while in Mpeketoni and Witu water was costing Ksh 10 – 15 however, a good number of households did not pay for water as they rely on shallow wells and pans. The cost of water in the

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Figure 3: Maize prices

mixed farming zone is five Kenya shillings per 20 litre jerrycan while Ksh 20 - 30 per 20 litre jerrycan in the fishing and mangrove livelihood zone.

Water consumption Average water consumption is 10 - 15 litres PPPD across the county. In the mixed farming livelihood zone, the consumption was between 15 and 20 litres PPPD while in the Fishing and Mangrove livelihood zone it was about 15 litres per person per day. The consumption level was below the normal of 15 to 20 litres PPPD for such a time of the year. The average price for water per 20 litres jerrycan was at Ksh 5 - 10 in Hindi, Mpeketoni and Witu. However, a good number of households do not pay for water as they rely on some existing shallow wells and pans.

Sanitation and Hygiene Water treatment level is high in the water supply and established water sources in Lamu West sub-county. Individuals who own shallow wells collect chemicals from public health offices to treat their water otherwise quite a number of households were consuming untreated water. Latrine coverage is fairly high at 65 percent in the county. However, very few latrines are available in the Boni areas largely because of cultural beliefs, where households prefer to dispose waste in the bushes. Awareness of hand washing at critical times is present in over 90 percent of households across all livelihoods. However, there is still quite a proportion of the population that does not use soap. Nevertheless, awareness of hand washing at critical times is high with coverage of over 90 percent with most households using soap.

3.4 Markets and Trade There were threats of insecurity which lowered the number of traders operating in Lamu. Main markets in the mixed cash crop livelihood zone are Mpeketoni, Witu, Hindi and Mokowe while Faza and Kiunga are markets in the fishing and mangrove livelihood. Markets in the Fishing and Mangrove livelihood zone were operating normally. However in the mixed farming food crop livelihood zone, there were disruptions due to the curfew imposed in the area that limits movement.

Maize price The average farm gate price per kilogram of maize was Ksh 30, compared to the LTA of Ksh 28.8 indicative of 3.33 percent increase in January 2016 (Figure 3). Prices have been gradually decreasing from August to November 2015, when they started increasing. Prices are expected to increase in the next three months through May as demand for the commodities increases and stocks volume decreases.

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Figure 5: Terms of trade for Lamu County

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Figure 4: Goat prices

Goat price The prices of goats were at Ksh 3,208, 45 percent above the LTA of Ksh 2,207 (Figure 4). The increase is attributed to increase in demand for goats during the festivity period coupled with reduced traded volumes in the market. Prices of goat are expected to decrease as pasture and browse condition deteriorates coupled with incidences of livestock diseases.

Terms of Trade

The ToT in January was 107 compared to the LTA of 71 normally implying a total of 107 kilogrammes of maize can be purchased from sale of one goat. The terms of trade are favorable to livestock keepers and are 51 percent above the LTA. The improvement was due to increase in goat prices while maize prices remained stable between July and December 2015. The terms of trade are expected to remain stable.

3.5 Health and Nutrition

Morbidity and mortality patterns Generally, the morbidity in the under-fives was high in 2015 than in 2014 when compared as a percentage of the total morbidity for upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), Diarrhea and Skin diseases; at 20 percent, 14 percent and 93 percent respectively Pneumonia and Intestinal worms recorded a decrease of 16 percent and 12 percent respectively. The morbidity for general population was high in 2015 than in 2014 when compared as a percentage of the total morbidity for URTI, Skin diseases, Diarrhea, urinary tract infections (UTI) and Hypertension, at 14 percent, 22 percent, eight percent, 20 percent and 33 percent respectively. Increase in cases is attributed to water shortages especially for skin diseases and diarrhoea

Cases of malaria are now under control due to various interventions done earlier such as free net distribution and massive campaigns on household spraying together with drainage of areas where

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Figure 6: Percentage at “at risk” of malnutrition

mosquitoes breed. There were no disease outbreaks and epidemics that occurred in the county due to increased surveillance and health education. The average distance to the nearest health facility for Lamu County is within a walking distance of 30 minutes except Basuba, Milimani in Kiunga division and Bargoni in Hindi division where one has to walk for more than five hours to access health services at Hindi Magogoni dispensary. Insecurity concerns due to Al Shabab had forced closure of health facilities in Pandanguo and Mangai dispensaries, which caused a challenge in access to health care services to the affected communities. No unusual deaths were reported in the period from July to December 2016 in both under fives and the general population in the county.

Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation Immunization coverage is currently 80 percent, equal to the recommended 80 percent as per the national target, despite having decreased from 86 percent recorded in December 2014. Vitamin A supplementation coverage is 60 percent, which was below 80 percent national target attributed to majority of children failing to attend child welfare clinics.

Nutrition status and Dietary Diversity The proportion of children at risk of malnutrition, based on the Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was 3.6 percent in January 2016, compared to the normal of 4.4 percent. Households are currently consuming 2 - 3 meals per day, with a composition of the meals varying across the livelihoods. In fishing and mangrove livelihood zone households were consuming fish, rice, ugali, meat and milk. All the livelihood zones minimally accessed vegetables and fruits. Malnutrition levels according to CHANIS (Underweight trends) for the period July to December 2015 are 7.2, 3.4, 5.4, 4.2, 8.4 and 8.1 percent respectively. Global acute malnutrition (GAM) rates are below 10 percent which is within acceptable levels. Exclusive breastfeeding rates vary across the county with Lamu East Sub County at approximately 20 percent and Lamu West Sub County at 70 percent.

3.6 Education

Enrolment Rates The county has a total of 104 public primary schools with 84 schools in Lamu West and 20 schools in Lamu East. Enrollment for ECD and class one have improved, which has been a trend over the years since the introduction of Free Primary Education and other national interventions. Enrollment in primary schools improved from 80 to 86 percent in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Enrollment in ECDE has been low at around 65 percent in 2015 but recent settlements in the previous one year have led to development of new ECDE centres, pushing the figure from 65 to 75 percent in 2014 and 2015 respectively. This has happened in Witu, Mpeketoni and in Hindi areas. Currently the total enrolment is 9,782 for ECDE. In primary schools, the enrolment

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increased by 7.5 percent, which falls within the normal annual growth. The County has almost attained gender parity in enrolment with 52 and 48 percent of boys and girls enrolled respectively. School attendance rate was generally high at approximately 98 percent

Dropout rate The retention is high in the ECD and lower primary up to class six, though much lower in class seven and eight. At this time majority of the pupils has come of age and some drop out to engage in casual labour, especially boys whereas girls end up in early marriage. In addition, at such a time, they are easily influenced to taste drugs and those from poor families look for wage labor hence dropping out of school.

Transition Transition rates for ECDE to primary improved from 90 to 92 percent in 2014 and 2015 respectively whereas that of primary to secondary from 70 to 72 percent in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The improved transition rates was attributed availability of school meals programmes in some schools in the county.

School Meals Programme (SMP) The main type of school meal programme currently being implemented in the county is the home grown school meals programme. Despite that, pupils miss meals in schools due to late disbursement of funds to schools, the lengthy procurement process, rapid growth of enrolment, rise in food prices amongst other reasons. About 10 schools were affected by transfers related to insecurity to schools in new settlement areas of Poromoko and Pangani, where the girl child is mostly affected.

3.7 Coping mechanisms The coping strategy index (CSI) was 16 in December 2015, compared with 18 in December 2014, implying that there were no unusual or severe coping mechanisms being employed by households, other than the usual coping mechanisms, which portrayed normalcy. Currently, there were no distress coping measures being employed.

3.8 Ongoing Interventions

Food Interventions Sub-county

Intervention

Location Number of beneficiaries

Implementers Impacts in terms of food security

Cost (Million Ksh) Time Frame

LAMU WEST

Food donation

-Witu -Amu

20 Schools County government, Interior and coordination

Minimal 1M 2015-2016

LAMU EAST

Food Donation

-Kiunga & Boni Areas

8 Schools County government, Interior and

Minimal 2M 2015-2016

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coordination

3.9 Sub-county ranking (From worst to best) Sub County Food security

rank (1-2) Main food security threat

Lamu East 1 Insecurity, poor performance of the rains, Dried up shallow wells necessitating dependence on water trucking as their main source of water and Strong currents which have affected deep sea fishing.

Lamu West 2 Insecurity, scarcity of water especially in Bargoni, Long walking distance to water for both household and livestock, Reduced access to grazing area due to insecurity, Likelihood of conflict hence need for planning, Wildlife menace, Reduced crop residue for animals, Tsetse fly prevalence and Poor hygiene

4.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS

4.1 Prognosis Assumptions Onset of (March - May) long rains will be timely and range between normal to below

normal. Market prices for livestock, livestock by products and cereals products will remain stable for

the next three months. Range land conditions are expected to deteriorate in the next one month to early March

owing to the short dry spell, however from mid March the situation is expected to improve. The peace stability will prevail.

4.2 Food Security Outcomes (February – April) There is an expected decline in food consumption that will result from declining food stocks at the household level. Pasture and browse conditions are expected to decline until the onset of the March – May long rains from where they will improve pasture and browse improving milk availability at household level thus improving the nutrition status especially for children under five years of age. Food consumption patterns are likely to improve from March as on farm casual labour opportunities become available increasing household purchasing power. Morbidity cases and mortality patterns are projected to remain stable in the next three months.

4.3 Food Security Outcomes (May – July) From May through June, accelerated by the likely poor long rains performance, the food security situation will deteriorate rapidly through July as household food stocks are depleted and reduced crop harvests and reduced income from casual labour opportunities will result in increased household food consumption gaps and increased malnutrition through July.

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5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion The current food situation is stable but deteriorating. The situation may get worse after two months when food stocks, pasture and browse will diminish. It will however improve after the onset of the long rains. Issues to be monitored include, food prices, pasture and browse condition, livestock body condition, conflicts that may arise from competition of diminishing resources, peace and security, water sources and quality, nutrition status of children under five years, human wildlife conflicts, performance of the expected long rains rainfall and migration routes for livestock.

5.2 Summary of recommendations Provision of certified seeds and subsidized fertilizer Vaccination of livestock Livelihood diversification through bee keeping and dairy goat keeping Improving market infrastructure Improving marketing through formation of poultry and fish cooperatives Pasture conservation Scaling Vitamin A supplementation Scaling up screening of malnutrition Regularize and expand provision of food to schools to cater for the vulnerable children

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6.0 ANNEXES

6.1 Annex 1: Food Intervention Required

Proposed population in need of food assistance Sub County Population in the

Sub County Pop in need ( percent range min – max

Proposed mode of intervention

Faza 8,346 12-17 FFA Kizingitini 6,577 12-17 FFA Kiunga 3,918 12-17 FFA

6.2 Annex II. Non-food Interventions Sub county

Intervention Location No. of beneficiaries

Implementers Impacts in terms of food security

Cost (Million Ksh)

Time Frame

AGRICULTURE Kiunga, Mkunumbi and Witu wards

Construction of grain storage structure

Sadan Majembeni Witu

200 1000 1200

County government of Lamu /agriculture

Grain preservation

13.5 By June 2016

Bahari ward

Promotion of irrigation based farming

Baharini 50 families

Enhanced production of fruits and vegetables

3 By June 2016

Hindi ward

Water pan excavation and construction

Bagdad 40 families

Enhanced production of fruits and vegetable

5 By June 2016

All Certified seeds all 5000 farmers

Agriculture, county, national GOK

Maize, green gram and rice seeds

Finance Human

By June 2016

All Subsidized Fertilizers

all 5000 farmers

Agriculture, county, national GOK

Basal fertilizers

Finance human

By June 2016

LIVESTOCK Lamu East and West

Vaccinations: CCPP,PPR, RVF, FMD

Amu, Faza, Kiunga

2000 Veterinary 0.6 February –April 2016

Mass vaccination CBPP, LSD, RVF, New Castle Vaccine

County wide

4000 Veterinary 0.8 February-May 2016

Lamu East and

Diversify Livelihood

County wide

2000 Livestock ASDSP

3.3 February 2016-april

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Sub county

Intervention Location No. of beneficiaries

Implementers Impacts in terms of food security

Cost (Million Ksh)

Time Frame

West sources(Poultry)

2016 2016

Diversify Livelihood sources(Beekeeping)

County wide

100 Livestock KCDP

2.0 February2016-June 2016

Diversify Livelihood sources(Goat keeping)

County wide

200 Livestock NDMA KCDP RPLRP

10.0 January 2016-June 2016

Lamu West, Lamu East

Improve market access marketing capacity and livestock value chain development

Witu, Mpeketoni, Hindi,Amu Pate, Kiunga

4000 Livestock RPLRP ASDSP

17.0 January 2016 June 2016

Development of Fish cooperatives

Kizingitini, Rasini

300 Fisheries Cooperatives

1.0 January 2015-December 2016

Lamu West, Lamu East

Development of poultry cooperatives

stakeholder All county

Livestock ASDSP

On going

Lamu East and West

Enhance efforts towards pasture conservation

Witu, Tchundwa

2400 Livestock RPLRP

4.5 January 2015-december 2016

HEALTH All Divisions

Vitamin A Supplementation , (IMAM) and IYCN I and EBF

ALL 19,210 MOH Improved immunity.

12.0 Jan-July 2015

LAMU COUNTY

MIYCN dissemination at all levels, Scale up Vitamin A Supplementation ,Scale up screening of malnutrition

All 60,000 MON Improved immunity.

10.0 Jan-July 2015

EDUCATION LAMU WEST

Food donation -Witu -Amu

20 Schools

-County Govt Office of the President

Minimal 1.0

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Sub county

Intervention Location No. of beneficiaries

Implementers Impacts in terms of food security

Cost (Million Ksh)

Time Frame

LAMU EAST

Food Donation -Kiunga & Boni Areas

8 Schools

“ “ 2.0

WATER SECTOR LAMU WEST and LAMU EAST

Regular and expanded supply of food to Schools Children.

-Witu -Hindi -Mokowe

46 Schools

Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

Funds for Procuring food stuffs

Supportive Communities/Parents.

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