Design Computing

05. 2d Computer Graphics & Design Computing

4/04/2016CAD & Graphics | Spring 2016 | Every Monday 3:00 p.m. – 6:50 p.m.

Jin Kook Lee, PhD. 02-2220-2645 | designit@hanyang.ac.kr

Assistant Professor, Design IT LabDepartment of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University

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What you did last week a PPT file (6 or more pages)

Lab Exercise 1: Line Drawings using PowerPoint

1 page drawing of your ANY ISOMETRIC searched by Google (1 page PPT)

Goal: To compare “hand drawing” and “computer drawing”

Lab Exercise 2: Floor plan drawing CHE L5 using PowerPoint

draw CHE bldg. Level 5 (after remodeling) (1 page PPT)

Goal : To figure out “Floor Plan”, in a vector format

Lab Exercise 3: Reuse 2d vector images - Paste special (2 pages PPT)

copy & paste your Floor Plan in PPT slides: 1) JPG bitmap image, 2) Windows meta file

Goal : To figure out the difference between BITMAP & VECTOR 2d graphics

Lab Exercise 4: Your design slide for B106 using PowerPoint (2 or more pages PPT)

to show your simple design representation of the room B106 using PowerPoint

Goal : Try to design and represent your ideas in an easy-to-use way

What to do today:

Lecture: Theories of 2d CG & Design Computing, For being a “digital-friendly” design-major

- Digital Design Media & Computing

- Computing Interface

- Example videos

1. Lab Exercise 1: Demo: Looking around your PC hardware – outside of your computer

2. Lab Exercise 2: Demo: Inside of your computer

3. Lab Exercise 3: Demo: Operating System – Windows, Max OSX, Mobile OS, etc.

4. Lab Exercise 4: Demo: SW & Others

5. Lab Exercise 5: How to get students’ software: Autodesk Student Download – AutoCAD & 3dsMax Design

6. Lab Exercise 6: Looking around / Installing AutoCAD and 3dsMax Design

7. Lab Exercise 7: 3ds MAX rendering & CPU use test 1 Submit your rendering image

8. Lab Exercise 8: 3ds MAX rendering & CPU use test 2 Submit your rendering image

9. Lab Exercise 9: 3ds MAX rendering & CPU use test 3 Submit your rendering image

10.Lab Exercise 10: Googling for your new labtop Submit your choice: URL shortcut

1. 2d Computer Graphics Theory2. General Computing Issues & Demos

Review: Design Computing

Computational

Processing

Development

Visualization

Analysis

…Authoring

Design

Design ComputingMeans: Computing Technology

Creation

Goal: Design

Human Creativity

Design Cognition,

AI, Machine Learning…

Digital Design Media & Computing

Design Modeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Design_modes.svg

(Digital) Design Media

Design by pencil to computing (computer hardware + software)

The pencil is one of the most basic media of design (graphic design tool).

Proliferation of IT What’s new media for design? Digital Design Media

Design by hand. Design by computing.

UI & UX

Design Presentation Basic Keywords

Layout

Typography, Photo, Illustration

Void, Color …

Design Media and Presentation by conventional 2d visualization: next week

PLUS

User Interface (UI): Multi-media, Software, Web, Mobile (App)…

User Interaction with digital media

User Experience (UX)

how a user interacts with and responds to an interface, service or product

Digital Design Media and Presentation for New Environments

Mode of Expression

From 2d drafting to 3d modeling

(Line Drawings to 3d Renderings)

From 2D drafting to 3D modeling

Plan: Top view

Plan: Front view Elevation

3D Axonometric (still 2D drawing)

3D Surface Model 3D Solid Model

2D Drafting 3D Modeling

Capturing some visualizations from the model:Rendering, Animation…

History of computer-aided design is a history of understanding what is design

The design is a drawing of the product e.g. Geometric drafting in 2D

The design is a surface model of the product e.g. Geometric surface modeling in 3D

The design is a 3D model of the product e.g. Solid modeling

The design is an editable 3D model of the product e.g. Parametric modeling

The design is the integrated representation of

all the compositional, analytical and fabrication

representations of the product

(Geometry is just one part of the model) e.g. Product Data Modeling, Building Information Modeling

H

WD

Parameters:H, W, D

+ Information

Information Modeling

This class

High Level vs. Low Level in Design & Computing

Level of Detail (LoD, AKA Level of Development) and High/Low Levels

High Level - 총론 總論Introduction, Outline, General Theory

Coarse-grained detail, Higher Level

Low Level - 각론 各論Detail, Particulars, Specific Theory

Fine-grained detail, Lower Level

What’s the LoD we pursue in the class?

- Developing the capability of Design Computing

- Enhancing Digital Communication skills

- Practicing Digital Design Presentation

- Learning Interoperable operations between heterogeneous applications

- Exercising Adobe Photoshop & related 2d visualization tools

- Exercising SketchUP & related 3d visualization tools

- Training precision drawing tools such as AutoCAD

- Training skillful techniques on each tool: e.g. AutoCAD detail commands

High level

Low level

UoD

- Universe of Discourse

Modeling your “Computational Model” representing your idea

Computational Model

Your Design & idea Digital Design Presentation

- Plan, exported by model- 3D, exported by model- Sketch, exported by model- Pictures from model- Animation from model- Anything from modelYour UoD (universe of discourse)

This does not need to be same to the real world

Make your world! (your UoD for representing your idea)

UoD- A plane with “tile texture map”- Three balls with “chrome material”- Three lightings in white color- A lighting in orange color

Original rendering image

UoD- A plane with “glossy wood texture map”- Three balls with “chrome material”- A teapot with “ceramic texture map”- Two lightings in white color- A lighting in orange color

Only one plane

Elaborated background by Photoshop

Ray-traced by Mental Ray

Three chrome balls

Empty sky, three lightings

Primitive Geometry: Teapot

Use NURMS (smoothing mesh)

Another teapot added in the UoD

LoD

- Level of Detail / Level of Development

High LoD - Low LoD (in terms of Computer Geometry)

http://makeitcg.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/lod-levels.jpghttp://www.sayantanbiswas.com/works/chn_Tower/LOD3.jpg

High (Slow) Low (Fast)

2d Computer Graphics file formats:

- Raster (Bitmap) images

- Vector images

Vector vs. Bitmap

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VectorBitmapExample.svg

Vector: Line Work

Mathematically defined geometry

Raster (Bitmap): Dot-matrix

Pixel-by-pixel defined visualization

Raster (Bitmap) Images

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VectorBitmapExample.svg

Copy & Paste Special : 1) Bitmap Image

Copy & Paste Special : 2) Vector – Windows Meta file format

UP

UP

11.65m

14.4m 7.2m 3.6m

28.8m

21.6m

3.6m

UP

UP

11.65m

14.4m 7.2m 3.6m

28.8m

21.6m

3.6m

High resolution bitmap image OR Vector image source for better image quality in both screen and printing

3,000 X 4,000 pixel

High resolution bitmap image OR Vector image source for better image quality in both screen and printing

300 X 400 pixel

Image File Formats

Image File Formats Raster (Bitmap) formats

Vector formats

- JPEG (*.jpg)- GIF (*.gif)- PNG (*.png)- TIFF- RAW- BMP- PSD (Photoshop)- Etc.

2d - AI (Illustrator)- SVG- CGM- Etc.

3d - DWG (AutoCAD)- DXF- SKP (SketchUP)- MAX (3dsMAX)- 3DS- IGES, STEP, IFC…- Etc.

Compound - EPS- PDF- PS- SWF- Etc.

Screen Resolution Standards http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vector_Video_Standards2.svg

4:3 Traditional PC Monitors

8:5 Wide Monitors

16:9 Digital HD TV

Screen Resolution Comparison between Smart Devices

Screen Resolution Comparison – Now 4K is available!

DPI (dot per inch) & PPI (pixel per inch)

DPI – dot per inch For printing

PPI – pixel per inch Pixel Density, For display, image scanner, image sensors…

Usually computer screen has 72 DPI.

For better quality print-outs, at least 150 DPI is necessary (recommended over 300 DPI)

In a nutshell,

For working on computer Take care of number of pixels for width & height (resolution)

For printing Adjust printing size and DPI in Photoshop (higher resolution is always better)

Small screen Large screen

Low resolution

High resolutionExpensivesmall devices:iPhone, Galaxy

Expensivelarge devices: 1080p HDTV, 4K UHD TV

Cheapsmall devices:old cell phones

Cheaplarge devices: Projection TV, 720p HDTV

2d Digital Design Example – Line Drawings

– Complicated CAD tool (e.g. AutoCAD, 3ds MAX) is just one of tools

– Any computing tools can be your tools for Digital Design!

Bitmap

Image

Vector

Lines

UP

UP

UP

UP

11.65m

14.4m 7.2m 3.6m

28.8m

21.6m

3.6m

2d Vector

Drawing

UP

UP

11.65m

14.4m 7.2m

28.8m

21.6m

3.6m 3.6m

UP

UP

11.65m

14.4m 7.2m

28.8m

21.6m

3.6m 3.6m

UP

UP

11.65m

14.4m 7.2m

28.8m

21.6m

3.6m 3.6m

160 seats

Front

Planning an Auditorium (160 seats)

3d Digital Design Example – Vray render

- SketchUP modeling file: 3d geometric model

- Vray rendering image: 2d bitmap (raster) image

http://www.vray.com/vray_for_sketchup/manual

3d Modeling

3d Modeling

in Revit

This model is 3d.

But this type of visualization

is always 2d, when it is

visualized.

Rendering basics – all about lights

Lighting Source

- Direct Illumination (e.g. Sunlight)

- Indirect Illumination

- Environment

Target Objects

- Diffuse

- Intensity

- Texture Map

- Shadow casting

- Ambient Occlusion …

- Reflection

- Refraction

- Caustics

Camera

- Source, Target

- Field of View

Diffuse

Color

Texture Map

Transparency: White = Transparent, Black = Opaque

BRDF: bidirectional reflectance distribution function

For Transparent Bitmap BG

Reflection

Reflection color: White Transparent, Black Opaque

Reflection Glossiness

Refraction

IOR: Index of Refraction

Emissive

Diffuse Only

A bit reflection

Transparent Glass with Reflection & Refraction

Diffuse &

Reflection

Emissive Diffuse &

Reflection &

Refraction

Example

Semantics: Reality and Virtuality

- Real world objects vs. your (computational) models

Semantic Integrity

Computational Model

Your Design & idea

Real Object

Your mini worldUoD (Universe of

Discourse)

Real World

Are they semantically same?

Semantic Integrity

Semantic Integrity:

The state of “the relations of data that have meaningful correspondence with

reality (or with the UoD)”

[1] Ullman (1988), Principles of Database and Knowledge-base Systems. Rockvill, MD: Computer

Science Press p65-83.

[2] Eastman, C. M., Parker, D. S. and Jeng, T. S. (1997). Managing the integrity of design data

generated by multiple applications: the principle of patching. Research in Engineering Design 9, 125-

145

Photo-realistic visualization is not always important

“Meaningful correspondence with reality” is important

E.g. A model which is non-photorealistic yet has rich design information is much better than the one

which has only photo-realistic geometric shape.

Lack of Semantic Integrity: It could be an art, not a design

Escher (1958) BelvedereMaurits Cornelis Escher (1898-1972)Ascending and Descending

Semantic Integrity in your computational model

Is your computational model photo-realistic?

Does it have Semantic Integrity?

Photo-realistic visualization is good – but it does not mean it is semantically same to the real world object.

Your computational model’s information should be close to the real world object.

Visualization is just one of information for your design.

Take the best visualization style you need. Sometimes line drawings are much better.

VS.Line drawing Photo-realistic rendering

Photo-realistic visualizations using current/common CG tools

SketchUP + Vray (download a model from Google 3d warehouse and edit lights, in 5 min)

It is “comparatively” easy to make photo-realistic images thanks to recently developed tools

Try to keep “semantic integrity” between real world and your computational model in your UoD

SketchUP + Vray

Photo-realistic visualizations using current/common CG tools

From Vray references

SketchUP + Vray

Photo-realistic visualizations using current/common CG tools

3ds Max + Mental Ray, in 3 minutes from nothing

Photo-realistic visualizations using current/common CG tools

Photo-realistic visualizations using current/common CG tools

From Vray community sites

Photo-realistic visualizations using current/common CG tools

From Vray community sites

Done by JD Park

Done by SY Kim and JS Kim

Summary -

When you design using computers:

- Define your own UoD.

- Keep Semantic integrity between real world and your UoD.

- Take care both high level and low level. (and LOD)

- Photo-realistic rendering is a state-of-art visualization,

but not always. Sometimes line-drawings are much effective.

Computing Interface & Digital Design

How to use computer software? – GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Menu

Icons / Toolbar

Tabbed (grouped) Icons / Toolbar Ribbon Interface by Microsoft

Typing,Clicking,Drag and drop,Key stroke …

How to interact with computer software? – User Interfaces

CLI Command Line Interfaces- Command prompt

GUI Graphical User Interfaces- Windows, Mac

NUI Natural User Interfaces- Touch, motion, voice..

General software we use today

General CG software: for Efficiency and Precisione.g. AutoCAD command line

http://en.wikipedia.org

CLI

Demo

GUI

Demo

NUI

Demo: Touch screen / iPad Mini to the screen through HDMI

CLI, GUI, and NUI… for what?

Basically, for your 3d design visualization

Most of 3d computer graphics tools have GUI based interfaces

Some CLI also required for precision drawings

- e.g. adding dimensions, quick commands…

NUI is adopted for mobile-environment

- e.g. Tablet-based design tools (mostly viewers, so far)

Making your 3d design models using GUI, close to 100% probably.

Only GUI? What others?

Why 3d Graphics Software is very hard to learn?

Ideal interfaces for 3D modeling- 3d laser scanning… (from real world objects)- Image processing (from 2d pictures to 3d model)- Beyond keyboard & mouse:

Tangible devices for manipulating 3d objects in 3d way

Actual 3d modeling tools interface- Handling 3d objects on 2d screen!- Too complicated 3d modeling on 2d views- Too many icons! (limitation of GUI)- Too complex options, too many function

This gap makes you hard to get Graphics software!

http://en.wikipedia.org

What do you need to know?

- For being a powerful designer using computing technologies

Fundamentals of Computer Science/Engineering Theory

Computer Hardware

Network, Internet

Computer OS & Software – Windows, Various Applications

Computer Software – Specific Applications:

CAD & Graphics tool

Even much more things about Design Computing!

Recommended Website example: To teach yourself

http://barugi.com

Lab Exercises

Part 1. Computer Hardware

Lab Exercise 1: Looking around your PC hardware

Your computer hardware

Memory Card slots

Audio port, USB

Your computer hardware

Key board &

Mouse

Internal Graphic Card

Monitor: RGB

Internal Graphic Card

Monitor: DVI

USB

Network

Audio port

External Graphic Card

Monitor:

DVI, HDMI, RGB

Lab Exercise 2: Inside of your PC

Inside of your computer

Power Supply DVD / CD / Blue-ray Drive

Hard disc drive (HDD) /

Solid state drive (SSD)

Main board

CPU & CPU fan

Memory

External Graphic Card

Part 2. Computer Software

Lab Exercise 3:

OS - Windows, Max OSX, Mobile OS, etc.

Lab Exercise 4: SW & Others

Lab Exercise 5: Installing software – 3dsMAX, etc

Using students.autodesk.com account for free

Autodesk 2015 version (2016):

Files are in 504-main PC

Your student keys in your account

http://students.autodesk.com

Autodesk Student Download – Free Autodesk tools

Autodesk student community access

Autodesk provides 3-year free software for students

Login into Autodesk Student Download Center

http://students.autodesk.com

You can get the Keys for following major Autodesk software for designers:

- AutoCAD 2016 (2017)

- 3dsMAX Design 2016

- Revit 2016

- and so on

- new version software will be updated annually

You can access your keys again whenever you login into Autodesk Student site for installing

on your PC, laptop, etc. (3 times activation limit)

Lab Exercise 6:

Looking around / Installing AutoCAD and 3dsMax Design

- Open a pre-defined CAD drawing file and navigate it

Autodesk AutoCAD

Open a CAD file located in the Lab Exercise folder: “CHE_bldg_Level_5.dwg”

Lab Exercise 7: 3ds Max Design without Experiences

Why your CPU speed & number of core are important?

Open “Windows Task Manager” to see your CPU usage and Memory usage

For making computer-graphics

images, especially photo-realistic

rendering images, computers

usually consume amount of

computer resources such as CPU,

memory, and GPU.

Computer graphics requires amount

of arithmetic calculation for any

tasks on your screen.

This is simply why you need a better

computer.

Quad Core CPU & 8GB Memory

Why your CPU speed & number of core are important?

Open “Windows Task Manager” to see your CPU usage and Memory usage

For making computer-graphics

images, especially photo-realistic

rendering images, computers

usually consume amount of

computer resources such as CPU,

memory, and GPU.

Computer graphics requires amount

of arithmetic calculation for any

tasks on your screen.

This is simply why you need a better

computer.

Quad Core CPU & 8GB Memory

Render the scene using the file: “SunsetBeach.max” – how long it takes to generate this image?

Lab Exercise 8: 3dsMAX & CPU use test

Render the scene using the file: “Simple Room Interior.max” – how long it takes to generate this image?

Lab Exercise 9: 3dsMAX & CPU use test 2

Render the scene using the file: “Interior_VistaRoom.max” – how long it takes to generate this image?

Lab Exercise 10: Googling the Web

- What is the best choice laptop computer or PC for you?

E.g. as of 2016:

Intel i7 Quad-core CPU, 8GB memory or higher, Performance graphic card,

SSD 256GB or bigger, 1TB HDD, USB 3.0, etc.

+ your preferred brand & design + your screen size needed + budget

Next Class

Design Issue:

- 2D Computer Graphics Lab Exercises:

AutoCAD drafting practice