ICTP and Africa

Copyright © 2006 by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)

Condition of use:

All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without prior written permission

or without the acknowledgment of the source.

A single copy can be saved or printed for personal use only. The copyright notice and

disclaimer must not be removed from the document.

ICTP and Africa

Compiled and edited by:K.R. SreenivasanAbdus Salam Research ProfessorDirector, ICTP

TriesteDecember 2006

copy

right

© IC

TP

CONTENTS

I. General Introduction 2II. Theoretical Activities 6III. Experimental Activities 9IV. Specific Examples of Institution Building in Africa 12V. Appendices

1. Statistical Summary of ICTP Visitors from Africa (1970-2006) 25

2. List of ICTP Activities Held in African Countries 26

3. Activities Supported by the Office of External Activities in Africa from 1986-2006 28

4. Electronic Journal Delivery Service and its African Users 30

5. List of 2007 Associates from Africa 32

6. List of TRIL Fellows from Africa 35

7. List of Diploma Students from Africa 37

8. List of Active Joint Ph.D (STEP) Students and Mori Fellows from Africa 40

copy

right

© IC

TP

2I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

ICTP has regarded Africa as a target region for building scientific capacity. Africa is quite het-erogeneous and no single solution will suffice. We have used all the instruments at our disposal towards accomplishing the goals set in our man-date. I shall cite a few examples. Six Affiliated Centres have been created in different parts of the continent with emphasis on different aspects of physical sciences; eight networks of scientists working in physics and mathematics, as well as a few interdisciplinary areas, are working; about two dozen workshops, schools and conferences in Africa have been supported, as are five grad-uate programmes; we are involved in telecom-munication and science dissemination projects throughout Africa and made arrangements, on a

cost-sharing basis, for scientists from sub-Saha-ran Africa to visit South African laboratories and work there for a period of time; supported some 86 visitors from industrialized countries to teach in Africa; partnered with the Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Institute (EBASI) to achieve some of the same goals; we admit each year a number of diploma students from Africa, and, starting in 2007, have created a new diploma programme meant only for African students; and about 400 scientists from Africa, some of whom are our As-sociates, visit ICTP each year and participate in our programmes held on site. Table A is a cu-mulative summary of the main activities.

Despite this extensive involvement, it is my belief that very few people know its full mag-

Affiiated Centres

Six institutions in Africa have ICTP Affiliated Centres. Four are quite active (Senegal, Ghana, Cameroon, Benin). Two carry out modest programmes (Ethiopia, Sudan). One is now closed (Côte d’Ivoire), though it was successful when active.Total Affiliated Centres: 14

External Activities

In 2005, OEA supported 92 activities in Africa, of these 14 in Sub-Saharan Africa.In 2006, OEA supported 80 activities in Africa, of these 10 in Sub-Saharan Africa.This is a little over 25% of the total activities supported by ICTP.

Networks Eight are now active:Two in Physics (headquarters in Dakar, LAMP Network) and TunisTwo in Mathematics (headquarters in Burkina Faso and in Senegal)North African Seismology group (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia)Network on High Energy Physics and Quantum Groups (Algeria, Morocco, Lebanon, Egypt and Tunisia)NANOAFNET (Nano)Sciences (Af)rican (Net)work Initiative, spanning the entire African continent (central node is iThemba Labs in South AfricaFORTIM sub-Saharan Network

Visiting Scholars 86

Number of Associates

657 (about 29% of total)

Diploma Students 157 (about 34% of total)

STEP Fellows (sandwich Ph.D): 41 (about 52% of total)

TRIL Fellows 104, (about 10% of total)

Programme participants

about 11,000, or 11% of the total

Graduate Programmes

Cape Coast (Ghana), PhysicsAccra (Ghana), MathematicsNsukka (Nigeria), MathematicsGaborone (Botswana), Mathematics, M.Sc.Namibia, Physics

Agreements in South Africa

NANOAFNET (see Networks)iThemba Labs share costs for up to 20 study visits per year of scientists from sub-Saharan Africa

Table A: Activities in Africa

copy

right

© IC

TP

3nitude - including, as I have discovered, the many friends of ICTP and even those with-in ICTP. This report is an effort towards rec-tifying the situation. It is not perfect and will be improved upon in its later editions; I am convinced that it will take a few editions to get it fully correct, complete and self-consistent. For instance, I have not listed book donations provided by our library, nor listed the work of our Publications Office. Nevertheless, the report presents the reader a reasonable idea of vari-ous scientific activities in which ICTP and African scientists are involved together.

I should point out that ICTP makes a more important qualitative contribution: it serves the cause of African scientists by making a case for them in many forums, encouraging them in their endeavors, and, in general, often just being there for a large number of individual scientists to depend upon for aspects of their scientific work. I should further emphasize that ICTP’s goal is to serve the cause of diversity and excellence at once: one without the other less-ens the relevance of our effort.

As a background, figure 1 shows the total

I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Figure 1: ICTP Visitors Statistics, 1970-2006

number of visitors to ICTP from different parts of the world. The data on Africa are given in figure 2, which shows that the number of African visitors to ICTP has remained, on the average, about 400 each year in the last ten or so years, and the number of person months has remained roughly 700 per year. Figure 3 is a breakdown of items related in each Afri-can country, divided accord-ing to the programs working at ICTP. For a general descrip-tion of ICTP’s programmes, I invite you to visit our website, www.ictp.it.

The next two sections are descriptions of theoretical (sec-

Associate and Federation Schemes

The Associate Scheme was established to provide sup-port for scientists living and working in developing countries by allowing them to remain regularly in con-tact with the most modern aspects of their scientific fields. To some extent, this helps to stem the “brain-drain” from developing countries. Regular associates are entitled to spend from six weeks to ninety days at ICTP three times in a period of six years, generally at a time of their own choosing. There are 677 current as-sociates from 70 countries. Many of the ICTP associates occupy prominent positions today in science adminis-tration and policy-making in developing countries. The Federation Scheme was established to provide the opportunity for junior scientists from developing countries to participate in the ICTP’s activities. Profes-sor G.C. Ghirardi is the Head of these Programmes.

ICTP Associate MembersNew appointments by year

AFRICA1964-2006

Total 657

copy

right

© IC

TP

�900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

v=visitors p-m=person-month

p-m

v

nu

mb

er

19

83

19

85

19

87

19

89

19

91

19

93

19

95

19

97

19

99

20

01

20

03

20

05

tion II) and experimental (section III) activities that are typically held at ICTP each year. African scientists participate in both of them. Section IV considers seven specific examples of ICTP’s involvement. I have included them to provide a flavor of ICTP’s work in Africa. In principle, one could provide more such examples, but the lack of time has precluded such details from being included. As already mentioned, this is the targeted task for subsequent editions of this report. The rest of the report consists of 8 appendices which provide details, including lists of African scientists who have had long-term association to ICTP, as part of one or the other of our programmes. Needless to say, we have thought it unwise to list the many par-ticipants who visit ICTP for its short-term sci-entific programmes (see Table in appendix I); that would fill many pages and would not be especially useful.

A few words about ICTP’s philosophy are in order. First, the Centre has an Emersonian faith that individual scientists make tremendous dif-ferences in the intellectual - and, eventually, economic - development of their countries. But it has always understood that individuals need

good institutions to operate effectively. A corollary is that the individuals who are sup-ported by ICTP are expected to act as nuclei for building new institutions. ICTP has repeatedly impressed upon its Associates and other vis-iting scientists from devel-oping countries that there is a strong need for build-ing groups and institutions around themselves, even if it is only for purposes of sustaining their intellectual pursuits at some competi-tive level. That only a small number of them have suc-Figure 2: ICTP Visitors from Africa, 1983-2006

I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Programme for Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL)

The Training for Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) Programme gives scientists from developing countries, including Central and Eastern Europe, the opportunity to spend periods ranging from a few months to one year in Italian research laboratories of universities, govern-mental and private institutions. The training they re-ceive includes academic studies as well as practical ap-plications and industrial projects. Follow-up visits and collaboration programmes are also possible. A broad response from past TRIL Fellows on their expe-riences within the TRIL programme can be found in the book, “The TRIL Programme at ICTP,” that has just been compiled. The total number of TRIL Fellows to-date is 1,086, out of which 104 are African. Their numbers as a function of time is shown in the graph below. Professor G. Furlan is the Head of the TRIL Programme.

ICTP TRIL ProgrammeNew Fellowships awarded by year

AFRICA1983-2006

copy

right

© IC

TP

5ceeded in this task is a measure of how difficult it is to function effectively in unsupportive envi-ronments. We have been paying increased at-tention to groups and institutions by coalescing some of our own instruments of support. Given the size of ICTP and the resources at its com-mand, building large-scale institutions is be-yond its present ability (although building one research university in each country is a reason-able goal to keep in the background). Never-theless, we hope that the vast experience that ICTP has accumulated over the last forty plus years in Africa can be put to constructive use whenever and wherever issues of institution building in Africa arise. We are committed to giving our unconditional support in this regard. The real problem in Africa is not the absence of universities and scientific institutions but how few of them are, to the first order, first-rate. Unless this picture changes, the problems will remain much the same and it will be difficult to build on quality from one year to the next.

If there are any comments on this report, I would be grateful if you would bring them to my attention. I real-ize that building scien-tific capacity in Africa is a huge undertaking and there is enormous work to be done. We have partnered with as many institutions and individ-uals as possible, both in Trieste and elsewhere, and welcome more partnerships. Our main goal is scientific ca-pacity building - which means to educate qual-ity people to science. This is a time-consum-ing and labor-intensive task whose difficulties

are rarely grasped by politicians. Yet, much of our work has been possible because of the steady support received from the Italian Gov-ernment, for which we are grateful, and, of course, because of the material and moral sup-port received from ICTP’s parent organizations, UNESCO and IAEA. We have also received sub-stantial support from the Swedish International Development Agency. Much of our work would not be possible without the enthusiastic sup-port of the world-wide scientific community.

I especially thank G. Comar and A. Gatti for their invaluable contributions in pro-ducing this report. Others who have con-tributed to it are: K. Aoudia, E. Canessa, D. Calligaro, C. Chidume, A. Cicuttin, E. Crotta, G. Denardo, L. Durrani, C. Fonda, G. Gamboz, R. Gebauer, F. Giorgi, L. Göttsche, D. Grilli, P. Passarella, S. Radicella, R. Ramakrishnan, S. Scandolo, T. Shah, G. Thompson, L.D. Trang, A. Triolo, C. Tuniz, D. Valentini, R. Zecchina, M. Zennaro.

Figure 3: ICTP and Africa, 1970-2006

I. GENERAL INTRODUCTIONco

pyrig

ht ©

ICTP

6II. THEORETICAL ACTIVITIES

A. Condensed Matter and Statistical Mechanics (http://users.ictp.it/~cm)

In addition to the normal activities described on the webpage of this scientific section, the following two new initiatives have been un-dertaken.

(1) Organisation of the African Regional College on Science at the Nanoscale (Cape Town, South Africa), 19-30 November 2007. The Nanoscale activity is organised by R. Gebauer in collaboration with institutions such as iThemba Labs of South Africa and the American Physical Society.

(2) In Malawi, Michele Leone has been col-

laborating as a visiting scientist and lectur-er with the University of Malawi (UNIMA), Chancellor College and with the Malawi Poly-technic. During the first part of his stay in Malawi, Dr. Leone gave two courses at the UNIMA Physics Department on Classical Me-chanics and Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics. The aim is to help the currently un-dersized faculty staff in sharing the teach-ing load, one of the main reasons for the absence of research activity in the Depart-ment. Dr. Leone has also been assessing the quality of the college computer network infrastructure, and has suggested ways to improve its functions. He has initiated a col-laboration with both the Physics and Math-ematics departments of the UNIMA and the Energetics and Physics departments of the Malawi Polytechnic in preparing a feasibility study for a possible long-term collaboration between UNIMA and ICTP as well as Italian universities.

The ICTP Diploma Programme

The Diploma Programmes in Condensed Matter Phys-ics, High Energy Physics, Mathematics and Earth Sys-tem Physics take place at ICTP. The period is for one academic year, and the level is pre-Ph.D; participants are young, and the number is limited. Only 10 scholar-ships are offered annually in each of the four fields. The focus is on those developing countries for which high-quality advanced scientific training is less accessible. A new program in Basic Physics is starting in September 2007, especially for sub-Saharan African students. The programme is designed to assist young physicists and mathematicians from sub-Saharan Africa who have re-cently received undergraduate degrees and are inter-ested in pursuing their studies at the graduate level. The total number of diploma students since the incep-tion of the programme in 1991 has been 468, out of which 97 women. 206 have gone on to get their Ph.D (this figure is up to 2001 and does not include those students who are currently studying for their Ph.D). Professor S. Randjbar-Daemi is the Coordinator of the Diploma Programme.

Diploma StudentsAFRICA

Academic years 1991/92-2005/06

Total 212

A student receives his diploma from Professor K.R Sreenivasan

copy

right

© IC

TP

7 II. THEORETICAL ACTIVITIES

Summer School on Commutative Algebra and Combinatorics in Representation Theory,

Mombasa, Kenya, 2005

B. Earth System Physics (http://www.ictp.it/pages/research/esp.html)

Activities in Africa are mostly within the RegC-NEt network. An African sub-network has been established which mostly involves: (1) Collaborative research projects on climate modeling, seasonal prediction and climate change. People from a number of African countries are involved in various research ac-tivities with us: Senegal, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Botswana, South Africa, Egypt, and Ghana.

(2) Organisation of regional workshops. There was one in Alexandria in 2005, one in Ghana in 2006 and one is being planned in Botswana in 2007.

Other activities related to earthquakes are de-scribed as a separate activity in section IV.

C. Mathematics (http://math.ictp.it)

(1) Organisation of the 2nd Eastern Africa Summer School on Commutative Algebra and Combinatorics in representation theory

(July, 2005, Mombasa, Kenya). This was the second in a series initiated by Professor Claudio Procesi.

(2) In August 2005, an informal net-work of people from East Africa inter-ested in Algebra, Analysis and Geom-etry was created.

(3) The 3rd School in the series was organised by Claudio Procesi and Ramadas Ramakrishnan at Makerere, Uganda (June, 2006). The 4th is planned at Arusha, Tanzania. This will be preceded by a preparatory course to be held at Nairobi. Efforts are being made to better target the

courses, and it is envisaged that a certain number of students will take the courses for credit. (A number have already done their master’s theses in consultation with the faculty they met at the schools.) Fund-ing comes from the International Science Programme (Sweden) and the ICTP’s Office

The Earth System Physics research areas

Computational Earth System modeling

Anthropogenic Climate Change

Climate Impacts on society and ecosystems

Natural climate dynamics and variability

Seasonal to interannual climate predictability

Chemistry-climate interactions and air quality

Structure and dynamics of Earth’s interior

Land-atmosphere interactionsand soil physics

Ocean-air and ocean-land interactions

Earthquake predictionand seismic risk

ESP Research Areas

Research,Networking,Education

copy

right

© IC

TP

8II. THEORETICAL ACTIVITIES

of External Activities (OEA), as well as from the universities of the region. A number of academics from the region are involved in the organisation. Lecturers are drawn from Ethiopia, Italy, Madagascar, Sweden, and the USA - most of them finding their own travel expenses.

(4) It is also planned to work with universi-ties in the region to help review syllabi in algebra and geometry.

(5) Lothar Göttsche was involved with a programme entitled Algebra and Geometry applied to development (RAAGAD), which was mostly organized by Professor M-F. Roy (Rennes, France). In particular he taught (in November 2004) a 30-hour course on commutative algebra and algebraic geom-etry in Niamey (Niger), in the context of a Diplôme d’Etudes Approfondies (DEA)

course in real algebraic geometry. Seven students from Niger and neighbour-ing countries participated in the programme, and those who were successful went to a SANDWICH pro-gramme with professors from Europe.

(6) Charles Chidume has been actively involved in the Ph.D sub-Saharan pro-gramme in Nsukka, Ni-geria. In the past he has contributed to the devel-opment of the network of Partial Differential Equa-tions based in Saint Louis

(Senegal). He participated as resource per-son and workshop co-director of the 12th Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Regional Workshop on Functional Analysis, Differ-ential Equations and Applications which was held at Accra, Ghana, from 10-22 July 2006. He also participated in an interna-tional meeting in Abuja, Nigeria, on “Future Teaching & Research Programmes” at the African Institute of Science and Technol-ogy from 6-8 August and the Workshop on Mathematical Analysis, Abakaliki, Nigeria, from 5-25 November where he gave a mini-course on Mathematical Analysis and New Trends in Problem Solving Techniques to over 110 young scientists from the sub-Sa-haran region. Chidume also gave an invited Plenary Lecture at the 2006 Annual Confer-ence of the Nigerian Mathematical Society, Akwa Ibom State University, Uyo, Nigeria, on 22-30 April.

Opening ceremony of the sub-Saharan College on Mathemati-cal Analysis at Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

copy

right

© IC

TP

9A. Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Lab-oratory (ARPL) (http://arpl.ictp.it)

Listed are recent collaborations on projects with the following African institutions:

(1) University of Ilorin, Nigeria: ICTP provided to the University an ionospheric sounder do-nated by the Institute of Atmospheric Phys-ics of The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Through the ARPL the University has contributed to the International Reference Ionosphere.

(2) Université d’Abomey-Calavi - Institut de Mathématiques et de Sciences Phy-siques, Porto Novo, Benin: ICTP as-sisted with training activities and tech-nical assistance in the use of radio for computer net-working in Benin and organised the Workshop on “Net-working for Devel-opment”, Cotonou, Benin, 27 May-7 June 2002.

(3) University of Douala, Cameroon: Plans are under discus-sion for a project for ICT development at the University of Douala, Cameroon, in the frame-work of an action plan of the Ministry of Higher Education, in collaboration with the Centre for Atomic Molecular Physics and Quantum Op-tics, a joint venture of the University and ICTP. ICTP organised the Workshop on “Wireless Technologies and Open Source for Research and Training in Developing Countries” Douala University, Douala, Cameroon, 27 November-

5 December 2004.

(4) University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana: ICTP organised the “Workshop on the use of Radio for Computer Networking at the University of Cape Coast”, 31 August-11 September 1998. This Workshop was also supported by the United Nations University (UNU), the University of Cape Coast (UCC), and other local organisations. A basic Radio-communications Training Laboratory has been implemented at the University of Cape Coast for this purpose.

(5) The ICTP has promoted periodic meetings under the general name of “Radio Afri-ca” Workshops car-ried out in different countries of Africa. “Radio Africa 2004” was carried out at the Kenya College of Communications Technology (KCCT) in Nairobi with the participation of ICTP personnel that demonstrated in the laboratory and in the field the use of wireless technologies for

ICT. As a result of this activity, three experts from KCCT participated in the “ Project-based advanced training on use of wireless for cam-pus networking”, carried out at the ICTP in June 2005.

(6) African Virtual University, Nairobi, Kenya.

(7) National Information Technology Develop-ment Agency (NITDA), Abuja, Nigeria: ICTP organised the “African Workshop on Open

III. EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Joint ICTP - Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia Malawi Project, Malawi, 2006

copy

right

© IC

TP

10III. EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES

Source and Web Technologies for Develop-ment”, 2-6 June 2003.

(8) Obafemi Awolowo University of Ile-Ife, Nige-ria: ICTP was involved in a pilot project on com-puter networking for education and research. In December 1996, intensive training was provided in Trieste, with support of the World Bank with 26 academic network managers and 16 engi-neers representing 26 Nigerian universities. A follow-up training activity for the NUNet of Nige-ria in Ile-Ife and Abuja, Nigeria, was held from 6-27 October 1997.

(9) University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan: ICTP assisted in the organisation of training ac-tivities and technical assistance in the use of ra-dio for computer networking.

(10) Department of Electrical Engineering at the Malawi Polytechnic, a constituent college of Uni-versity of Malawi, Blantyre: A project to provide wireless ICT to hospitals connected to the Uni-versity is being carried out co-financed by ARPL and the Regional Government of “Friuli Vene-zia Giulia”. The project started in June 2006. ICTP organised a project-oriented Advanced Training on Wireless Network-ing, Trieste, June-July 2006.

(11) In addition, the following activities were organised:- Training Activity on Network-ing and Radiocommunications (focused on Africa), 14 Sep-tember-4 December 1998;

- Africa’s Open Source Train-ing on “Open Source and Web Technologies” FOSSFA Cen-ter, Accra, Ghana, 1-28 March 2004;

- ITU/ICTP Workshop on New Radiocom-munication Technologies for ICT in De-veloping Countries - Africa Region, Trieste, 17-21 May 2004.

B. Microprocessor Laboratory (http://mlab.ictp.it)

(1) Organisation of the “International Con-ference on Micro and Nanotechnologies” Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria, 19-23 November 2006.

(2) The last two training activities in Africa were in Ghana:

a) Regional Course on Advanced VLSI Design Techniques (24 November - 12 December, 2005), Kumasi, Ghana. 58 participants came from over 20 African countries.

b) Regional Microelectronics Workshop on FPGA and VHDL for Research and Training in Africa (25 July - 5 August), Kumasi, Ghana. 39 participants from Ghana and various sub-Sa-haran countries were present.

Second African Regional College on Microprocessor-Based Real-Time Systems in Physics - Theory and Applications,

Dakar, Senegal, 1999copy

right

© IC

TP

11 III. EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES

(3) An FPGA design laboratory has been es-tablished at the KNUST University, Kumasi, Ghana, with ICTP and the high-tech company ACTEL Corp (various hardware devices, after the second course).

C. Science Dissemination Unit (SDU) (http://sdu.ictp.it/)

(1) i-Rooms: to establish real time dedicated multimedia links via Internet between ICTP and the University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin (work is in progress).

(2) PinGER Africa: to monitor from ICTP the real-time connectivity in more than 60 African institutions. This is important to better under-stand the extent of the Digital Divide in the continent.

(3) To train to support ICT within scientific en-terprises to tackle the problem of insufficient

training of the workforce. This is done in col-laboration with INASP (www.inasp.info) and FOSSFA (www.fossfa.net).

(4) In collaboration with INASP efforts are made to distribute around Africa the free book on “How to Accelerate your Internet”. The book was a joint effort with INASP.

Science Dissemination Unit

The ICTP is an institution where scientific strengths are combined with a strong dissemination effort. To-day, new prototype services directed to the world-wide scientific community are being investigated at ICTP by the Science Dissemination Unit (SDU). The goal of the unit is to tackle the limited access to scientific and technological information, one of the most pressing digital and scientific divide issues placed at the center of globalization’s asymmetries. One of these prototype services include synchronized multimedia presentations of some public lectures and seminars carried out in ICTP, particularly the Diploma Course lectures. As an additional support material for the students, ICTP Diploma lectures are automatically recorded and archived on the Web using the innova-tive EyA (“Enhance your Audience”) recording system developed by SDU. EyA aims to widening the audience of scientific ac-tivities at no extra costs and to offer a high quality learning experience for the remote audience. These include students in Africa, for example. Lecturers are not required to follow any special technical constraints. Eya is an automated, non-intrusive and low-cost ef-fort, which allows the recording of any lecture without dedicated human intervention for post-processing or capturing.

Example of a synchronized EyA presentation with slides, audio and video (on the top left) recorded au-tomatically during an ICTP Diploma Lecture. The arrow opens a synchronized zoomed high-quality image (on the right).African stations where Internet

speed is monitoredcopy

right

© IC

TP

12IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

1. The LAM Network

A. The Foundation

The African Network for Lasers Atomic and Mo-lecular Physics was initiated in 1991 on the oc-casion of a workshop on lasers held at the Uni-versity Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (Senegal). The organizers were scientists from Senegal, Ghana and other African countries who were already participating in ICTP programmes such as the Associateship and the ICTP Winter Col-leges on Optics that are organized annually at the ICTP.

B. Historical Background

On the occasion of the ICTP Winter Colleges that are held annually at ICTP, special discus-sions are held to plan coordinated activities in Africa on Optical Physics and relevant subjects. The Winter Colleges offer the opportunity for scientists from different countries in a region to meet and coordinate their cooperation. The LAM Network in Africa was conceived and pro-

posed during one of these Winter Colleges by the African scientists who were at ICTP at that time.

C. Constituency of the Network

Members of the LAM Net are all African scien-tists who are interested in Optics, Quantum Electronics, Atomic and Molecular Physics. The strong points of the LAM are now the groups of the ICTP Affiliated Centres in Dakar (Sene-gal), Cape Coast (Ghana), Douala (Cameroon). Strong and permanent collaboration has been established by the LAM Net with the Univer-sity of Khartoum (Sudan) , the iThemba labs in

Pretoria (South Africa), the NILES (Centre for Laser Studies) at Cairo University (Egypt), the University of Tunis (Tunisia), and others.

D. Purpose and Methods of the Network

The mission of the LAM Net is to promote collaboration among the African scientists working on pure and applied optics. To achieve this, exchange visits of scientists and sandwich-type programmes for students are organized. Ph.D stu-dents can spend extended periods in more advanced African Univer-sities. In some cases, exchange visits of the students are sup-

The Office of External Activities (OEA)

The Office of External Activities (OEA) promotes sci-entific cooperation in the South through its support of scientific meetings, networks, affiliated centres and visiting scholars. OEA activities are initiated by scien-tists and scientific institutions in the developing world and carried out at sites located within the region. Pro-fessor G. Thompson is the Head of the OEA. More information about the functions of OEA can be found at the website http://www.ictp.it/pages/organization/oea.html

LAM Network, Laboratoire Atomes Lasers, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegalcopy

right

© IC

TP

13ported between African and European or U.S. Universities. The LAM Net organizes every 2 years, an Afri-can Workshop on Pure and Applied Optics that gathers almost all the African scientists in op-tics. So far, 7 workshops of this type have been held in different countries of Africa with support and assistance from the OEA. Visits of international scientists to the institu-tions that are part of the Net are also supported by ICTP, through its Visiting Scholars scheme, so as to stimulate international links of the Af-rican optical physicists.

E. Internationality

From its inception, the LAM Net has acquired a wide recognition. It is now a member of the ICO (International Commission of Optics) and part of IUPAP. Presently, the coordinator of the LAM Net is a vice president of ICO. Several international organizations are in con-tact with the LAM Net and provide some sup-port and collaboration; these are the Optical Society of America (OSA), the International Organisation of Optical Engineers (SPIE) and the Society on Optics within Life Sciences (OWLS).

F. Finance

In addition to the steady support from ICTP, less regular support op-portunities are stimulated through the Office of External Activities. Collaboration and financial contri-butions are sometimes offered by the International Programme in the Physical Sciences (IPPS), Uppsala, OSA, OWLS and SPIE. The main long-term external contribution has been provided by Sida-SAREC. The collaboration with SAREC has been extremely effective.

G. Remarks

The LAM Net is considered as a successful pro-gramme of assistance to African Scientists and will continue. One consideration is worthy: The LAM Net has been successful and effective, thanks to the close and continuing scientific link with the ICTP through the activities which are held at ICTP, i.e. the Winter Colleges and the Associateships, and at the nearby collaborating institutions such as the Trieste Laser Laboratory and Elettra (the Synchrotron facility). This illustrates the unique feature of the ICTP as a scientific insti-tution running parallel support schemes for the benefit of developing countries. This consider-ation applies to many other activities of ICTP.

2. ICTP Affiliated Centres

In Appendix 3, we have listed 12 Affiliated Centres in Africa for which ICTP has been re-sponsible. An ICTP Affiliated Centre (ICAC) is a long-term scientific project that is hosted by a department of Physics or Mathematics. The

IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

The ICTP Affiliated Centre in Porto-Novo, Benincopy

right

© IC

TP

1�ICTP establishes a strong link with the scien-tists who participate in the ICAC activities. Fi-nancial and scientific support are currently of-fered so as to accelerate the progress of the ICAC and to foster its international contacts, especially via the ICTP. The ICAC in Africa have different features from those in other regions mainly due to the limited number of research-ers in many African countries. Each ICAC in Africa is meant to have two roles:- to accelerate the progress of its own activities on the formation of scientists by strengthening its facilities and its international collaboration;- to assist institutes in the region that are still in a difficult situation to begin scientific pro-grammes at the M.Sc and Ph.D levels. Better scientific progress in these countries is possible through common efforts of several countries in a region.

The ICAC is meant to be situated at a university which has an existing core of scientists so that some progress can be expected within a few years. The scientists of the ICAC are supposed to know the scientific situation in the neigh-bouring countries. Moreover, the links of the African popu-lation in different countries of Africa make it easier for them to understand the way to start training, formation and research programmes. As an example, we may cite the ICAC established in Cape Coast, Ghana, to work out training and research pro-grammes in Optics, Fibre Op-tics, and Lasers. Some details are given below.

A. Historical Background

In the early 1990s a physicist

from the University of Cape Coast was spend-ing a training period at the National Institute of Optics in Florence under the ICTP Programme for Training and Research in Italian Laborato-ries (TRIL). During his stay in Italy a proj-ect aimed at initiating an activity in Optics in Ghana was conceived and the ICTP Affiliated Centre for Lasers and Fibre Optics (LAFOC) was established in 1992 at the Department of Physics of the University of Cape Coast.

B. Developments

The LAFOC began a training programme on applications of Optical Fibres for sensing and telecommunications and a research activity on the use of lasers on problems of water purity assessment. The variety of subjects expanded soon with the collaboration of the ICTP. The number of scientists working at LAFOC grew over the years. Now the ICAC in Cape Coast is a centre of reference in Optics for the Western African region. Thanks to the success of the ICAC and to further support from the ICTP, in addition to the ICAC, a Ph.D course in Physics was set up at the University of Cape Coast.

IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

Professor G. Denardo inaugurating the LAFOC, Cape Coast, Ghanaco

pyrig

ht ©

ICTP

15The University of Cape Coast, with the strong help from LAFOC, currently enrolls currently Ph.D students from Ghana and other countries in the region such as Nigeria, Liberia, Ivory Coast, and Senegal.

C. Purpose and Methods of the ICAC in Ghana

The aims of LAFOC are: - to form an indigenous class of experts in op-tical technologies;- to strengthen the scientific courses in Phys-ics in Ghana;- to create links with the Departments of Phys-ics of universities in neighbouring countries so as to disseminate the scientific interests in the whole region. This is realized in a number of cases thanks to the regional Ph.D course in Physics at the University of Cape Coast which is a spin-off of the LAFOC.

D. Internationality

The ICAC in Ghana made it possible for the whole Ghanaian scientific community to be invited to be a member of the International Union for Pure and Applied Science (IUPAP),

the Optical Society of America (OSA) and the Society on Optics within Life Sciences (OWLS). These important organizations hold their gen-eral meetings in Ghana periodically. The LA-FOC is a strong point of the LAM network and collaborates with all the scientific groups in optics of the African continent.

E. Finance

The LAFOC and the Ph.D course in Cape Coast are substantially supported by the ICTP. A sig-nificant part of this support has been offered by Sida-SAREC for several years. However, additional sources of financing are slowly in-creasing: The University of Cape Coast pro-vides grants for students of the Ph.D course; the OSA provides funding to acquire equipment for the LAFOC; others are collaborating and it can be forecast that the activities in Ghana will grow further.

F. Remarks

The ICTP Affiliated Centre LAFOC and the Ph.D course in Cape Coast are now showing a suc-cess which is due to the willingness of the

Ghanaian physics community to accelerate the progress of Physics in their country and to the continu-ing and long-lasting collaboration with the ICTP. We wish to point out the importance of supporting proj-ects in the developing countries keeping scientists involved in those projects linked to all the ICTP pro-grammes. Scientists from the ICAC are currently invited to participate in the ICTP activities in Trieste and are encouraged to use all the ICTP schemes that can be used consis-tently in an integrated project of promotion of science in their own.

IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

The physics department library at LAFOCcopy

right

© IC

TP

163. Mori Fellowship Scheme

In 2005 ICTP and UNESCO launched the Mori Fellowship Scheme which will allow up to 15 Ph.D candidates per year in physics from sub-Saharan Africa to finalize their research and receive training. The initiative is named after Yoshiro Mori, a former prime minister of Japan, who has been a tireless proponent of interna-tional cooperation and assistance and draws upon a fund established by the Japanese Gov-ernment in Mr. Mori’s honour. Dr. Koïchiro Mat-suura, Director-General of UNESCO, was in-strumental in arranging for these funds to be granted.

The strategy behind this scheme is that fel-lows will enroll in Ph.D courses in universities in their home countries while ICTP will pro-vide them with research support and training in mathematics and physics, broadly defined to include aspects of sustainable development such as climate, fluid dynamics, oceanography and seismology. The scheme organises alter-nate stays at the ICTP and at the home in-stitution for three years. In addition to their home supervisor, all students will be assigned a co-supervisor from a Trieste-based scientific institution who will tutor the fellow during the stay at ICTP. The degree is awarded by the home university. The scheme is expected to have a multiplier effect by enabling African physics and mathematics students at home to receive expert university instruction from the returning Fellows. A review panel appointed by the ICTP, consisting of scientists from both within and beyond the Centre, will select the successful applicants.

During the 1970s, sub-Saharan Africa had some fine institutions of higher education in the developing world: Dar-Es-Salaam in Tanzania, Ibadan in Nigeria, Khartoum in Sudan and Makerere in Uganda. Decades of

neglect, political uncertainty and violence have taken their toll on these institutions and forced a large number of the region’s best and bright-est to pursue their careers elsewhere. The re-sult has been a chronic crisis in higher educa-tion and academic research. The problem is that professors have been unable to engage in the kind of research and teaching that their colleagues in many other parts of the world take for granted. Meanwhile, students have been unable to enroll in courses or conduct laboratory experiments that would allow them to gain the knowledge and skills they need to become successful mathematicians and sci-entists. Studies show that when a mathema-

IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

The Mori Fellowship Scheme

An article co-authored by Mori Fellow Ali Bashir and ICTP staff scientist Charles Chidume was one of the 25 top articles in the Journal of Mathematical Analy-sis and Applications for April-June. The announcement was made by Science Direct, which provides lists of the most popular science articles based on downloads on the internet. “Approximation of common fixed points for finite families on nonself asymptotically nonexpan-sive mappings in Banach spaces”, which has been pub-lished online, will appear in print in the February 2007 edition of the journal.

A World of Science, the quarterly newsletter of UNESCO Natural Sciences Sector, published an article in its Vol. 5, No. 1, entitled “Helping Africa’s ‘Best and Brightest’ Lift Science at Home” which examines the Mori Fellow-ships programme.

Ali Bashir, first Mori fellow

copy

right

© IC

TP

17 IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

tician or scientist from a developing country, particularly a least developed country (LDC), stays away from his or her country for several years, he or she is unlikely ever to return on a permanent basis. It was to stem this chronic brain drain phenomenon that institutions, in-cluding ICTP, have turned to a strategy that requires students to remain enrolled in univer-sities in their home countries while still enjoy-ing access to state-of-the-art science facilities and people elsewhere. It is expected that the Mori Fellowship Scheme is a step in the right direction.

4. African Physical Review (http://www.aphysrev.org)

ICTP is now directing its efforts to improve the communication capabilities of scientists in de-veloping nations. A first step in this direction is the creation of the African Physical Review (APR) with the objective of bridging the knowl-edge gap resulting from the inability of a large number of academic institutions in African countries to subscribe to leading physics peri-odicals. APR is a free, on-line, peer reviewed, international journal that publishes reviews, research articles, and brief communications in all branches of experimental and theoreti-cal physics and related interdisciplinary fields. The African Academy of Sciences, Nairobi, Ke-nya, is one of its first sponsors.

There were many reasons to organize and host this journal. First, the economics of the tradi-tional mode of knowledge dissemination is not favourable to institutions in Africa. It is simply too expensive to publish or purchase technical journals. Second, low-cost, fast and easily ac-cessible electronic publishing is rapidly replac-ing the traditional high-cost hard copy journal publishing. This trend is changing the future of peer-reviewed scientific publishing. In ad-dition, an equally important reason was the

absence of a high impact journal of physics in the African continent. There are some elec-tronic journals but their quality suffers from a to lack of experienced and highly qualified scientists managing its editorial functions. The low impact factor of such journals is another major inhibitive reason why good quality pa-pers are sent for publication in technologically advanced nations.

APR was thus created to satisfy the demand of a critical mass of African scientists who produce good publications, but were unable to find high- impact and high-quality journals in their home countries meeting international standards. The impact factor of published re-search represents its quality and accessibility. APR strives for both—excellence and reaching far beyond the boundaries of a single conti-nent. The quality of scientific material being published by APR is overseen by an interna-

The homepage of The African Physical Reviewcopy

right

© IC

TP

18IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

tional editorial team consisting of eminent sci-entists, including a Nobel Laureate, from more than 23 nations (16 of them from Africa). The editorial management and technical support team is provided by ICTP, whereas the editor, associate editors, and members of the inter-national board of editors operate from their home institutions worldwide. Professor Zohra Ben Lakhdar from Tunisia is the first Editor and Professor Tahir Shah of ICTP is one Managing Editor.

5. North Africa Seismological Group (NASG)

The North Africa Seismological Group (NASG) is a collaboration of researchers from leading universities and research institutions in North Africa. It was founded in 2000.

A. NASG’s Objectives

NASG’s main objectives are to coordinate ad-vanced seismological research in North Africa, and to gather scientists from North African

countries to work on joint research projects aiming at disaster risk reduction. The cooor-dination of the research activities is promoted both at national and regional scales through frequent visits and exchanges of the partner-ship that evolved, during the years, from or-ganisational and scientific meetings, restricted to the group members, to international mani-festations and workshops. The scientific fields of cooperation are seismology, seismotecton-ics, geodynamics with GPS monitoring, region-al seismic hazard assessment, seismic zoning and microzoning in megacities and urban ar-eas. The NASG research group has access to leading research and computing facilities of-fered by the different programmes of ICTP.

B. NASG’s Partnership

The NASG involves the following countries: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. The NASG is for now the only network of scien-tists in North Africa that carries a clear trans-national collaborative effort. One of the most recent outputs of the NASG is the compilation

Unified Earthquake Catalogue for Northern Africa

copy

right

© IC

TP

19IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

of a uniform earthquake catalogue for North Africa. The particpating institutions are:

From Algeria:University of Algiers Houari BoumedienneNational Research Centre of Geophysics and Astrophysics (CRAAG)Research Centre in Earthquake Engineering (CGS)

From Egypt:Universiy of MansouraNational Institute of Geophysics, Helwan, Cairo

From Libya:University Al FatehFrom Morocco:University of Tangier Abdelmalek EssaadiUniversity of Meknes - Moulay IsmailNational Centre for Scientific Research and Technology – Morocco

From Tunisia:National School for Engineering – TunisNational Institute of Meteorology

For a better management of the network, the coordination of the NASG rotates among the participating countries. Professor El Sayed (Egypt) coordinated the NASG during the pe-riod 2001-2003, Professor Benouar (Algeria), 2003-2006, and Professor Mourabit since 2007.

C. NASG’s Activities and Outputs

The NASG, in collaboration with the Earth Sys-tem Physics Section (ESP), has achieved many goals. The different groups have published several papers and promoted seismic risk re-duction in the region. The NASG has enhanced the expertise of many scientists from North Africa. Professor Djillali Benouar, a senior as-sociate of ICTP, member of NASG and coordi-nator from 2003-2006, has been attributed in 2005 a UNESCO Award for his contribution to Disaster Risk Reduction.

D. National Activity

For each participating country, NASG arranged different working groups acting within differ-ent specialised and related fields. This has led to the compilation of the first Unified North African earthquake catalogue. In each coun-try all the historical and instrumental sources were re-evaluated in the light of a common NASG procedure. The NASG Unified earth-

Participation in the aftermath of Algerian Earthquake

copy

right

© IC

TP

20IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

quake catalogue is of paramount importance for any Tsunami Mitigation Programme dealing with the North bank of the Mediterranean.

E. Bilateral Coordination

• Cooperation, since 1999, between Mansoura University, NRIAG in Egypt and the ESP Sec-tion produced several papers in international journals.• Cooperation between the University of Tanger in Morocco and the University of Mansoura in Egypt since 2001. This cooperation produced about 3 papers in the field of seismic tomog-raphy and gravity.• Cooperation between the University of Tanger in Morocco and NRIAG in Egypt since 2004 in the field of surface wave dispersion.• Cooperation between the Uni-versity of Algiers and CRAAG in Algeria and the ESP Section fol-lowing the 2003 Algiers earth-quake produced a large number of papers.• This year, a proposal for co-operation between the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics in Egypt and the Abdelmalek Essaadi Univer-sity in Morocco was submitted to the Egyptian-Moroccan coop-eration supreme council.

F. Regional and International Activity

NASG organized 4 workshops on Seismic Risk in North Af-rica, in Egypt (1999, 2003), Morocco (2001) and Algeria (2006). NASG members lectured and contributed effectively to the UNESCO Cairo workshop: “Training Course on Seismic Risk Reduction: Learning to Design Seismic

Codes”.

NASG coordinated the following UNESCO-IUGS-IGCP project:• IGCP457 (2001-2006) Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment in North Africa.

NASG participated in the following UNESCO-IUGS-IGCP projects:• IGCP 382 Seismotectonics and Seismic Haz-ard Assessment in the Mediterranean Basin.• IGCP 414 Realistic Modelling of Seismic In-put for Megacities and Large Urban Areas (co-ordinated by ICTP).NASG currently contributes to the EC Activity Programme “Mediterranean Dialogue”.

G. NASG Task Force and the 2003 Algiers earthquake

The NASG members, together with the ESP Section, co-authored a number of scientific

An image of the Algiers earthquake, 21 May 2003

copy

right

© IC

TP

21IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

papers, in international journals, on the 2003 Algiers earthquake sequence. The NASG and the ICTP effectively helped in conveying to the policy makers scientific guidance in han-dling the seismic crisis. Discussions with gov-ernmental officers were held to make funding available for an urgent disaster management plan. This plan enabled the government to avoid undue crisis management during the aftershock sequence. NASG and ICTP high-lighted how crucial it is, at the macro-level, to integrate disaster management in all its fac-ets with the government’s mainstream policies and plans for national development.

6. The Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam In-stitute (EBASI)

In 1988, the Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Institute (EBASI) was created with the initia-tive of Professor Abdus Salam, the Founding Director of ICTP. The Institute was named in honour of Edward A. Bouchet, who became in 1876 (at Yale) the first African American, and the first known person of African descent, to earn the Ph.D degree.

The objectives of EBA-SI include: (1) Provid-ing a mechanism for synergistic scientific and technical collabo-rations between Af-rican and American physical scientists, en-gineers, and technolo-gists; (2) Enhancing the impact of science and technology on sus-tainable development of countries on the Af-rican continent; and (3) More specifically, increasing the techni-

cal manpower pool working in Africa today by facilitating the training of Ph.D students from African universities.

The EBASI Executive Body is currently com-posed of seven African Council Members, eight American Council Members, the Admin-istrative Officer, and one ICTP Representa-tive.

In November 2000 Council members of EBASI met at ICTP to lay out a broad agenda for the organisation’s future and to build a more for-mal institutional structure. The meeting took place as a follow-up to a series of events, in-cluding EBASI’s 3rd International Conference on Physics and High Technology in Botswana in August 1998 and a forum on the state of mathematics in Africa in October 1999 in Tri-este, to examine potential new avenues for collaboration among black scientists in sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. An important outcome of the meeting was the drafting of statutes detailing the institute’s structure and collaborative goals. These in-cluded the designation of specific responsi-

EBASI Executive Committee, Trieste, 2000copy

right

© IC

TP

22bilities for its council members and the open-ing of the institute to general membership. The first member under this new arrangement was Aakhut E. Bak, Department of Physics, More-house College, Atlanta, USA. Another outcome of the meeting was the drafting of plans to ex-pand the institute’s reach of activities to gener-ate a broader and more lasting impact not just on physics in Africa, but mathematics and high technology as well.

In order to achieve its objectives, EBASI pe-riodically organizes international scientific and technical conferences hosted by universities in African countries. These conferences promote collaborations between American and African physical scientists and tremendously enhance the quality of the African universities that host them. The collaborations fostered by these con-ferences have resulted in the training of a num-ber of African graduate students. These EBASI graduates have been among the first to obtain doctoral degrees from the universities in their respective countries. At any given time, there are typically several African graduate students in the pipeline. Most EBASI graduates are cur-rently working professionals in their respective

countries.

ICTP has supported the following EBASI activi-ties:

(1) First international conference on physics and technology, ICTP, June 1988.

(2) Second international conference: phys-ics and high technology for the development of Africa, Accra, Ghana, 1990. Twenty-one invited papers and thirty-one contributed pa-pers were presented in various topical areas of physics, engineering, and mathematics. Over 150 participants registered for the conference, representing fifteen African countries from the western, central, and southern regions. Twen-ty-seven of the conference participants were from America.

(3) Third international conference on physics and high technology, Gaborone, Botswana , 1998. This Conference brought together scien-tists of 14 nationalities. Nearly 50 papers were presented on topics including state-of-the-art research in science and technology, science and technology policy in Africa, science educa-

tion issues, and applications of electric power generation using solar energy.

(4) Fourth international confer-ence on science and high tech-nology for development in Af-rica, Porto Novo, Benin, 2001. The focus of this conference is on implications and relevance in current advances in pure and applied physics for emerging telecommunications technolo-gies.

(5) Fifth international conference on physics and high technology,

IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

The 2007 EBASI International Conferencecopy

right

© IC

TP

23

Hammamet, Tunisia, 2003. The principal pur-pose of this activity was to exchange ideas and experiences and discuss mutual interests re-lated to several advanced research fields and technologies especially in African countries.

(6) The Sixth EBASI International Conference on Physics and Technology for Sustainable De-velopment in Africa was held at iThemba Labs, Cape Town, South Africa from 24-26 January 2007. This conference aimed at promoting col-laboration between American and African phys-icists, scientists, engineers and technologists. It was followed by the US-Africa Workshop on Nanosciences. The main aim of the workshop was to initiate collaborative research between US scientists and their African colleagues in the area of nanoscience.

(7) The present Director of ICTP is in regular touch with the EBASI Executive Body, and, on its invitation, presented ICTP’s work in Africa to the meeting of Black American Physicists in February 2004.

7. Accelerators for Sustain-able Development in Africa

As part of the collaboration be-tween ICTP and the Interna-tional Atomic Energy Commis-sion (IAEA) in Vienna, Claudio Tuniz visited Ghana between 27-31 March 2006. The visit was completely funded by IAEA. The purpose of the visit was to assist Ghana to formu-late the key requirements to establish an accelerator fa-cility for sustainable national development.The planned accelerator facil-ity will be essential for human capacity building in nuclear sciences and technology. It

will provide key tools to transfer advanced knowledge in the physics, technology and ap-plications of accelerator analytical techniques, including nuclear reactions, ion and radiation detection, software and data analyses, high voltage and vacuum components, ion sources and beam transport and focussing elements. The accelerator centre will complement the programme of the Graduate School of Nucle-ar and Allied Sciences, part of the College of Pure and Applied Sciences of the University of Ghana. The centre will catalyse inter-dis-ciplinary programmes in areas of significance to sustainable development, from industry to mineral exploration, from air and water quality to food and agriculture.

ICTP is developing, in cooperation with IAEA, an intensive programme of activities in the area of accelerator applications. In 2006 the following activities were carried out: “School on Ion Beam Analysis and Accelerator Appli-cations”, “Workshop on Ion Beam Studies of Nanomaterials”, and “International Workshop

IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, the reactor site

copy

right

© IC

TP

2�on Science for Cultural Heritage”. In 2007, the following activities are planned: “School on X-ray Emission Techniques for Forensic Applica-tions”, “School on Gamma Spectroscopy, Prin-ciples and Uncertainty Estimation”, “School on Nuclear Data for Medical Applications”, “School on Nuclear Knowledge Management” and “Workshop on Biomedical Applications of High Energy Ion Beams”. These activities of-fer training and education opportunities to the Ghana groups involved in the GAEC accelera-tor project.

ICTP is also considering to support, via its Of-fice of External Activities, the development of a network called “accelerators for sustain-able development in Africa” (ASDA), involving Ghana, South Africa, Nigeria and other Afri-can countries. The ASDA will coordinate work-shops on accelerator applications to be held at the relevant African accelerator centres.

Two Memoranda of Understanding are under discussion:

1. Between ICTP and the Min-istry for Higher Education of the Republic of Ghana, to con-tinue supporting and strength-ening mutual collaboration for the benefit of basic sciences and for their contribution to sustainable development in Ghana and in the Region. Spe-cific high priority areas are:

- Optical Fibres for communi-cations- Laser Physics applied to en-vironmental problems- Theoretical nanosciences- Modelling of climate impact- Accelerators for sustainable development

- Mathematics- Information and Communication Technology- Microprocessors

2. Between ICTP, the University of Pavia and the University of Ghana, with the following ob-jectives:

- The harmonisation in course content and cur-ricula stressing teaching and practical training for Masters and Doctoral courses in Nuclear and Allied Science and Technology;- Applied research and doctoral research proj-ects involving joint supervision and split de-gree programmes;- Student exchange;- Faculty and staff exchange;- Exchange of materials, documents and equipment;- Training workshops on relevant topics;- Creation and organisation of conferences from time to time;- Collaborative research in any field of interest to the parties involved.

IV. SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF INSTITUTION BUILDING IN AFRICA

29th March 2006: the total solar eclipse in Ghanacopy

right

© IC

TP

25 V. APPENDICES

1. Statistical Summary of ICTP Visitors from Africa (1970-2006)

Algeria 884

Angola 14

Benin 157

Botswana 30

Burkina Faso 33

Burundi 78

Cameroon 293

Cape Verde 4

Central African Republic 4

Chad 11

Comoros 5

Congo 42

Congo D.R. 128

Cote d’Ivoire 111

Djibouti 4

Egypt 1911

Equatorial Guinea 2

Eritrea 27

Ethiopia 378

Gabon 5

Gambia 12

Ghana 580

Guinea 83

Guinea-Bissau 2

Kenya 296

Lesotho 40

Liberia 37

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 215

Madagascar 100

Malawi 60

Mali 82

Mauritania 58

Mauritius 15

Morocco 841

Mozambique 14

Namibia 11

Niger 31

Nigeria 1773

Rwanda 58

Senegal 269

Seychelles 2

Sierra Leone 79

Somalia 45

South Africa 159

Sudan 535

Swaziland 12

Togo 57

Tunisia 357

Uganda 129

United Repub-lic of Tanzania 194

Zambia 87

Zimbabwe 96

Total visitors 10450

copy

right

© IC

TP

26V. APPENDICES

Algeria

• International Conference on Micro and Nanotechnologies ICMNT200619 November 2006 23 November 2006 Tizi-Ouzou• The University Mouloud Mammeri-UMMTO, the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Tizi Ouzou in collaboration with ICTP-Trieste, Italy and IMEP-CNRS, Grenoble, France

SMR: 1822

Botswana

• Research Workshop on Ecosystems and Tourism in Southern Africa:Economic and Ecological Resilience06 January 2005 08 January 2005 ChobeDirectors: P. Dasgupta, K-G Maler; Local Organiser: R. Hassan

SMR: 1685

• Seventh Workshop on the Applicability of Environmental Physics and Meteorol-ogy in Africa26 February 2007 02 March 2007 GaboroneDirectors: A. Adedoyin, F.K.A. Allotey, F. Semazzi; F. Giorgi and J. Pal (ICTP Lo-cal Organizers)

SMR: 1787

Egypt

• First International Workshop on Climate Variability over Africa15 May 2005 26 May 2005 AlexandriaM. Abdel-Wahab, A.S. Zakey, F. Molteni, A. Bracco

SMR: 1689

• Algebraic Approach to Differential Equations12 November 2007 25 November 2007 AlexandriaDirectors: Mohamed Darwish, Mohamed Fahmy, Le Dung Trang, Mohamed Yousif

SMR: 1873

Ethiopia

• Teaching Workshop on “Accounting for Urban Environment” (Ethiopia)05 January 2004 16 January 2004 Addis AbabaP. Dasgupta, R. Hassan, K-G Maler

SMR: 1597

Ghana

• AFRICAN REGIONAL COLLEGE ON MICROPROCESSORS-BASED REAL-TIME CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT-PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS IN PHYSICS25 September 1995 13 October 1995 CAPE COASTN.N. QUAYNOR. C. VERKERK

SMR: 964

• REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE USE OF RADIO FOR COMPUTER NETWORKING31 August 1998 11 September 1998 CAPE COASTV.P.Y. GADZEKPO. A. NOBILE

SMR: 1110

• Microprocessor Laboratory African Regional Course on Advanced VLSI Design Techniques [Venue: College on Engineering (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana]24 November 2003 12 December 2003 KumasiA.A. Colavita

SMR: 1526

• ICTP School on LINUX Clusters for High Performance Computing17 January 2005 28 January 2005Co-organized with Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

SMR: 1640

2. List of ICTP Activities Held in African Countries(Also shown against each item are the activity numbers for which

more details can be found in the ICTP website)

copy

right

© IC

TP

27

• ICTP-INFN Microprocessor LaboratoryICTP-KNUST Regional Microelectronics Workshop on FPGA and VHDL for Research and Training in Africa25 July 2005 05 August 2005 KumasiKwesi A. Andam, F.K.A. Allotey, N. Abdallah and A. Cicuttin

SMR: 1691

• First ICTP West African Workshop on Regional Climate and Impacts16 January 2006 20 January 2006 AccraFrancis Allotey (IMS, Ghana), Joseph Intsiful (ZEF, Bonn), Filippo Giorgi(ICTP, Italy) and Jeremy Pal (ICTP, Italy)

SMR: 1804

Niger

• Workshop on Algebra, Geometry and Algorithms for Young Mathematicians in Africa20 February 2005 27 February 2005 NyameyF. Broglia, W. Harouna, M-F. Roy

SMR: 1688

Nigeria

• African Workshop on OPEN SOURCE AND WEB TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT02 June 2003 06 June 2003 AbujaE. Canessa (ICTP) and O.G. Ajayi (NITDA)

SMR: 1546

Republic of Cameroon

• AFRICAN REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARALLEL PROCESSING AND ITS APPLICATIONS31 July 1995 11 August 1995 YAOUNDEM. TCHUENTE. W.P. BHATKAR. M.W. PITKE

SMR: 892

Senegal

• SECOND AFRICAN REGIONAL COLLEGE ON MICROPROCESSOR-BASED REAL-TIME SYSTEMS IN PHYSICS - THEORY AND APPLICATIONS 23 August 1999 11 September 1999 DAKARDIRECTORS: A.S. INDURUWA. C. LISHOU. C. VERKERKLOCAL ORGANIZERS: A. CORENTHIN. C. LISHOU. A. WAGUE

SMR: 1189

South Africa

• SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL MODELING WORKSHOP22 January 2001 02 February 2001 CAPE TOWNA. ADEDOYLN. B. HEWITSON. W. GUTOWSKI

SMR: 1336

• African Regional College on Science at the Nanoscale19 November 2007 30 November 2007 Cape TownDirectors: A.C. Beye, M. Maaza, R. Gebauer, G. Scoles

SMR: 1874

Sudan SMR: 260

• INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SAND TRANSPORT ANDDESERTIFICATION IN ARID LANDS18 November 1985 29 November 1985 KHARTOUM

United Republic of Tanzania

• Research Seminar Follow-up of the Teaching Workshop on Accountingfor Urban Environment11 January 2005 13 January 2005 ArushaDirectors: P. Dasgupta, K-G Maler; Local Organiser: R. Hassan

2. List of ICTP Activities Held in African Countries (cont.)

V. APPENDICES

copy

right

© IC

TP

28

3. Activities Supported by the Office of External Activities in Africa from 1986-2006

AFFILIATED CENTRES 12:

- Benin, Institut de Mathématiques et de Sciences Physiques, Porto Novo (1988)

- Botswana, University of Botswana, Botswana (1996)*

- Cameroon, University of Douala, Douala (2000)

- Cote d’Ivoire, Institut de Recherches Mathématiques, Abidjan (1989)*

- Ethiopia, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa (1995)*

- Ghana, University of Cape Coast (1992)

- Morocco, Université Mohammed V, Rabat (1989)*

- Senegal, Univerité Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar (1992)

- Sudan, University of Khartoum (1989)*

- Sudan, Al Neelain University (2004)

- Tanzania, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Dar-es-Salaam (1989)*

- Zimbabwe, University of Zimbabwe, Harare (1993)*

PROJECTS 14:

- Benin, International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications, Porto Novo (2005)

- Botswana, University of Botswana, Botswana (2000)

- Cameroon, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé (2005)

- Egypt, Ain Shams University, Cairo (2002),

- Ghana, National Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Accra (1999)

- Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra (2005)

- Ghana, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast (1996)

- Namibia, University of Namibia, Windhoek (2004)

- Nigeria, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (2003)*

- Nigeria, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (1999)

- Senegal, Institut National de Recherché Agronomique, Saint Louis (2002)

- South Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria (2001)

- Sudan, University of Khartoum, Khartoum (2001)*

- Sudan, Dinder Centre for Environmental Research, Khartoum (2003)*

V. APPENDICES

copy

right

© IC

TP

29 V. APPENDICES

NETWORKS 12 involving African countries (the country in bold is the headquarters):

- Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Sudan (1999)

- Algeria, Burkina Faso, Congo, Guinea, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Tunisia (2004)

- Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia (2005)

- Algeria, Benin, Cameroon, Cote d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal,

Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zimbabwe (1993)*

- Algeria, Botswana, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal,

South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia (2006)

- Algeria, Cameroon, Egypt, Tunisia (created in 2000)

- Argentina, Brazil, Nigeria (1990)*

- Bangladesh, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Kenya, Liberia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan,

Philippines, Sierra Leone, Thailand, Turkey, Zimbabwe (1989)

- Burkina Faso, Mauritania, Senegal (2000)

- Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Syria (2004)

- Ghana, Kenya, Senegal, Sudan, Sweden (1996)*

- Senegal, all African continent (1995)

NOTE: The year in brackets indicates when the Affiliated Centres, Networks and Projects were established

and the asterisk means that the activity is not longer active.

VISITING SCHOLARS APPOINTED: 86

4 Algeria, 9 Benin, 2 Cameroon, 1 Congo, 2 Dem. Rep. Congo, 3 Egypt, 5 Ethiopia, 14 Ghana, 1 Kenya,

3 Madagascar, 1 Malawi, 8 Morocco, 2 Namibia, 1 Niger, 5 Nigeria, 6 Senegal, 1 Sierra Leone, 10 Sudan,

1 Tanzania, 2 Tunisia, 1 Uganda, 4 Zimbabwe

SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS: 435

15 Algeria, 25 Benin, 7 Botswana, 11 Burkina Faso, 2 Burundi, 11 Cameroon, 2 Congo, 11 Cote d’Ivoire,

3 Dem. Rep. Congo, 69 Egypt, 5 Ethiopia, 47 Ghana, 1 Guinea, 16 Kenya, 2 Lesotho, 1 Liberia, 2 Madagas-

car, 1 Malawi, 4 Mali, 34 Morocco, 4 Namibia, 3 Niger, 46 Nigeria, 1 Rwanda, 17 Senegal, 1 Sierra Leone,

19 South Africa, 8 Sudan, 1 Swaziland, 21 Tanzania, 1 Tchad, 1 Togo, 23 Tunisia, 5 Uganda, 5 Zambia,

9 Zimbabwe

3. Activities Supported by the Office of External Activities in Africa from 1986-2006 (cont.)

copy

right

© IC

TP

30

4. Electronic Journal Delivery Service and its African Users

Through the ICTP electronic Journal deliv-ery Service (eJDS), scientists in develop-ing countries can strengthen their scientific foundations and have ready and fast ac-cess to scientific data. This is especially so because they are given the opportunity to download articles from refereed eJournals for free in Physics and Mathematics even if the net is slow at their places. eJDS of-fers direct access to articles not yet in print, providing equal footinf with peers in more industrialized countries.

eJDS, based in low-cost open source infor-mation and communication technologies, addresses these main issues of great con-cern in the scientific community at large: (i) The dissemination of scientific data and information which is necessary for the ad-vancement of research and education in or-der to provide contents that contribute to the benefit and well-being of society and to promote and participate in international sci-entific and technological activities. (ii) Inte-gration of all new and old on-line services to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and ex-change of scientific information via the use of today’s ICT. (iii) Electronic publishing for development, including Copyright issues, e-Libraries and the digital contents. eJDS is

possible through agreement with several important scientific publishing companies and societies.

The eJDS approach particularly targets low bandwidth to help bridging the knowledge and digital divides in a rather unique way. To this end, it is important to mention that according to recent active end-to-end per-formance monitoring of Internet around the world, it is apparent that most African regions today still have poor to bad connec-tivity.

To give an idea of the number of electronic journals downloaded in PDF format via ICTP the web-to-email eJDS gateway by scien-tists within the African continent, the Fig-ure quantifies the retrieval distribution by African countries for the past year. In this figure it is interesting to note that the sci-entists in countries with very low Digital Ac-cess Index (DAI) DAI Index (from Interna-tional Telecommunications Union at www.itu.int) such as Algeria (DAI: 0.37), Cam-eroon (DAI: 0.16), Nigeria (DAI: 0.15), Ke-nya (DAI: 0.19), Ethiopia (DAI: 0.10), and many others countries below the threshold value of 0.4 make the largest use of eJDS for their research work.

V. APPENDICES

copy

right

© IC

TP

31

PDF Downloads from Africa Using eJDS

V. APPENDICES

copy

right

© IC

TP

32V. APPENDICES

5. List of 2007 Associates from Africa

Algeria

BENFDILA Arezki

MERAZKA Fatiha

BENOUAR Djillali

MEKHFI Mustapha

AYADI Abdelhakim

BENCHOHRA Mouffak

BOUHAFS Bachir

MOUSSA Rabia

BOUZIANI Abdelfatah

SEKKAL {ZAOUI} Wassila

LAMARI Saadi

BENAISSA Abbes

DOU Djamel

NABI {HADJEB} Zakia

BENGHANEM Mohamed

BOUGUIMA Sidi Mohammed

HARBI Assia

MERAD Abdelkrim El Hasnaine Kheirallah

HAMMOU Bouziane Amine

OULD LAHOUCINE Cherif

Benin

KOUAGOU Yebeni Batidao

HONTINFINDE Felix

Botswana

GATSINZI Jean-Baptiste

Burkina Faso

OUARO Stanislas

Cameroon Republic

ESSIMBI Zobo Bernard

NGABIRENG Claude Marie

TIEDEU Alain Bertin

FOUPOUAGNIGNI Mama

NDOUNDAM Rene

KOFANE Timoleon Crepin

NANA Laurent

TCHITNGA Robert

OWONO OWONO Luc Calvin

CHEDJOU Jean Chamberlain

TCHAPNDA NJABO Sophonie Blaise

YEMELE David

KWATO NJOCK Moise Godfroy

MKANKAM KAMGA Francois

DAFOUNANSOU Ousmanou

KENFACK JIOTSA Aurelien

BOYOMO ONANA {NGO KOBHIO} Marthe H.

SIMO Elie

TABOD Charles

TCHINDA Réné

YAMAPI Réné

DIKANDÉ Alain Moise

HAMANDJODA Oumarou

NSANGOU Mama

Congo Rep.

BOUKA BIONA Clobite

Cote D’Ivoire

DIOMANDE Kedro Sidiki

ZOUEU Jeremie Thouakesseh

KROU {ADOHI} Adjo Viviane

Egypt

KHALIL Shaaban Said

MAHMOUD GAD ALLAH Imbaby Ismail

HASSAN Shoukry Sayed

EL-NASHAR Hassan Fathy Hassan Md.

HASANEAN Hosny Mohamed Sayed

DARWISH Mohamed Abdalla

EL-SHERBINI Tharwat Mahmoud

GAMAL Yosr Ezz El Din

EL-ORANY Faisal Aly Aly

EL-GABRY Mohamed Nabil

AHMED Adel Awad Mahmoud

ABDOU Abdellatif Esawy Awwad

LASHIN Elsayed Ibrahim

Eritrea

TESFAI Mehretab

Ethiopia

BHATNAGAR Shashank

TEKETEL YOHANNES Anshebocopy

right

© IC

TP

33 V. APPENDICES

BEKELE Endalkachew

ZEGEYE Hailu Habtu

Ghana

AMUASI Humphrey John

ASANTE Alexander

MENSAH Natalia Gregorevna

BONSU Mensah

NKUM Robert Kwame

NKRUMAH-BUANDOH George Kofi

ADOMAKO John Tawiah

AMPONSAH Paulina Ekua

GYEPI-GARBRAH Samuel H.

GLOVER Eric Tetteh

ELLOH Van Wellington

YAKUBU Haruna

QUAINOO George Kow

MODUPEH HODASI Joanna Aba

EGHAN Jojo Moses

BUAH BASSUAH Paul Kingsley

Guinea

SY SAVANE Youssouf

Kenya

SAKWA Vincent Newton

OTHIENO Herick

Lesotho

RAMOLLO Motlatsi Pius

RAPAPA Ntoi Paul

TAELE Benedict Molibeli

MOREBOTSANE Kuena

Madagascar

RAKOTOMAHEVITRA Andrianelison

RAMANANTSOA Andry Harifidy

RAZAFINDRAKOTO Hoby Njara Tendrisoa

Mauritania

EL MEHDI Khalil

Morocco

SEDRA Moulay Brahim

ARHRIB Abdesslam

EL KINANI El Hassan

OUARAB Aziza

ZORKANI Izeddine

ASSAOUI Fatna

BEKHECHI Smaine

BOURHIM Abdellatif

EL AKRAMINE Ouafae

LALAOUI RHALI Soumia

BRIA Driss

SAIDI El Hassan

BARHDADI Abdelfattah

JELLAL Ahmed

EZZINBI Khalil

MAKHOUTE Abdelkader

KARIM Driss

EZ ZAHRAOUY Hamid

Niger

SEIDOU SANDA Ibrah

Nigeria

ASUZU Isaac Uzoma

OLANIYI Bamidele Hezekiah

EKECHUKWU Onyemaechi Valentine

CHINEKE Theo Chidiezie

OLABANJI Simon Olukayode

ABOABA Olusegun Abiola

ADEBAYO Gboyega Augustine

BALOGUN Ahmed Adedoyin

UDOMENE Aniefiok

ANUSIONWU Bede Chinyere

ABIONA Olatunde Olusesan

ADEYEFA {ADEYEWA} Zachariah Debo

ALAWODE Michael Adedapomola

AWOJOYOGBE Omotayo Bamidele

DUWA Suraj Salihu

JEGEDE Oluwagbemiga Olawale

OYEDELE Durodoluwa Joseph

FASUNWON {LAWAL} Olusola Olufunke

IGWEBUIKE Udensi Maduabuchi

AJAYI {SUBERU} Deborah Olayide Ade

CHIGBU Polycarp Emeka

IGWE Charles Arizechukwu

AYOOLA Ezekiel Olusola

5. List of 2007 Associates from Africa (cont.)

copy

right

© IC

TP

3�V. APPENDICES

AWOBODE {IMEVBORE} Henrietta Oluwatotin

AKINTAYO Emmanuel Temitope

ABIODUN Babatunde Joseph

CHUKWUDE Augustine Ejikeme

ADEGBOYEGA Adebayo Gabriel

AFUWAPE Anthony Uyi

KHAN Reyazul Haque

AKINBAMI John-Felix K.

ADENIYI Jacob Olusegun

OPARAKU Ogbonna Ukachukwu

UGWU Hyginus Ubabuike

ARIYIBI Emmanuel Abiodun

BABALOLA Jonathan Oyebamiji

NWODO {OJOBOR} Justina Ngozi

SALAKO Felix Kolawole

ADENIYI Mojisola Oluwayemisi

AHMED Yusuf Aminu

OBED {AGWIMAH} Rachel Ibhade

OSOWOLE Aderoju Amoke

OGUNJOBI Kehinde Olufunsho

LAWAL Olayide Samuel

AJAYI Isaac Rotimi

OGUNDARE Folorunso Ogunmola

Rwanda

MUSERUKA Casimir

MUTABAZI Alphonse

Senegal

NIANE Mary Teuw

DIOP Djibril

YOUM Issakha

KONTE Almamy

FAYE {BOYE} Ndeye Arame

SALL Oumar

SAKHO Oumar

SENE Abdou

South Africa

DOMINGUEZ Cesareo Augusto

MWAMBI Henry Godwell

TCHOULA TCHOKONTE Moise Bertin

SANGO Mamadou

DOUGLAS Tania Samantha

EBOBISSE BILLE Francois

FOTSA NGAFFO Fernande

MEINTJES {VAN STADEN} Ernesta Maria

MAAZA Malik

Sudan

MOHAMED Tahani Salaheldin

IBRAHIM ARBAB Arbab

ABDEL-RAHMAN Manar

KOUTHER Mohamed Elhaj

HAGMUSA Isam-Eldin Hassan

IBRAHIM Yousif Akram

KUACGOR Karlo Ayuel

BHAIRY Mustafa Noha Modthier

YASSIN Osama Ali

YAGOUB Ahmed Khidir

ABBAS AHMED Nada

ABDALLA Abbaker Ali

Togo

NAPO Kossi

Tunisia

TAYACHI Slim

IBRAHIM Slim

MESKINI Noureddine

MARZOUGUI Habib

EZZINE Jelel

ELEUCH Hichem

OUESSAR Mohamed

United Republic of Tanzania

MSHIMBA Ali Seif A.

Zambia

KANYANGA Joseph Katongo

Zimbabwe

MUKARO Raphael

MDOKA Marshall Lison

ELMISSIRY Mosad Mohamed

CHIKOORE Hector

5. List of 2007 Associates from Africa (cont.)

copy

right

© IC

TP

35 V. APPENDICES

6. List of TRIL Fellows from Africa

Algeria

Abdeladim, Kamel

Achaibou, M.

Aoudia, Abdelkrim

Attari, Mokhtar

Benamrouche Djamal

Benyahia,Z.

Bousbahi, Khaled

Cherouati, D.

Deha, Ismail

Derdour, M.

Gacem, Abdelaziz

Labed,S.

Stambouli Boudghene, Amine

Benin

Hontinfinde, Felix

Burundi

Mpawenayo, Gerard

Mpawenayo, Prosper

Cameroon

Fotsa, Fernande Ngaffo

Kenfack Jiotsa, Aurelien

Tchouapi, J.N.

Tchuente Siaka, Yvette Flore

Tefouet Emmanuel Kana

Yamapi, Rene

Zebaze Kana, Martiale Gaetan

Egypt

Abbas Adel

Abdel Aziz, Mohamed

Abdel Harith, Mohamed

Abdel Latif Abdel Aziz Mohamed Rageh, Noaman

Abdelwahed, Tareq Youssef

Alfaramawi, Khaled Mohamed M.

Ali, Ahmed Hosny

Ali, Ashraf Fahim

Attia, W.M.

Basha, T.

Bocktor, Ashraf Boshra

El-Amir, S.E.D.

El-Ashmawy, Mostafa Mohamed

El-Dessouki, M.S.I

El-Sayed, Attia

Ghabashy, M.A.

Hady, A.A.

Kamel Fouad M.

Kany, M.Safei

Mayhoub, A.

Ramadan, Wael Abd El-Mohsen

Refaie, M.I.

Salem, N. M. M.

Soliman, H.M.

Soliman, Hesham Mohammed Ahmed

Youssef, Gamal M.

Youssef, M.H.

Eritrea

Telahun, Y.

Ethiopia

Abebe, Tesfaye

Anshebo, Teketel Yohannes

Bayou,T.

G/Medhin, M.

Haile Tigistu

Jemberie, Alemayehu Lakew

Mammo, Tilahun

Zegeye, Habtu Hailu

Ghana

Adanu,K.G.

Adzamli,I.K.

Amuasi,J.H.

Anim-Sampong Samuel

Buah-Bassuah, Paul Kingsley

Kyere,A.K.

Nani Kwaku, Emmanuel

Oppon,O.C.

Osae,E.K.

Sackey, Samuel Sonko

Yakubu, Haruna

Guinea

Bah,R.

Barry, Mamadou Bobo

Kenya

Kamau, P.A.

Kola, Barack Oliech

Rathod, S.

Libya

Seghayer,K.

Sheta Omar Taher

Madagascar

Rakoto, Heritiana A.

Rakotoarimanga

Rambolamanana, Gerard

Mali

Diarra, M’Pie

Diarra,M.B.

Maiga, Djibrilla Ariaboncana

Samogo,C.A.

Morocco

Ainane Abdelmajid

Bennouna, A.

copy

right

© IC

TP

36V. APPENDICES

Bentayeb, F.

Benyaich, F.

Dekhissi Hassane

Drissi-Habti, Monssef

Elmhamdi, Abouazza

Hoddah, Hanaa

Hontinfinde, Felix

Krimissa, Mohamed

Mellassi, Khadija

Mohamed, Halim

Ouchrif Mohamed

Saber, Abderrahim

Saber, Mohammed

Taibi, M.

Taouil, Ilham

Touzani,M.

Niger

Dodo, Abdelkader

Nigeria

Adegboyega, Adebayo Gabriel

Adeniran, Solomon Adekunle

Adeniyi, Jacob Olusegun

Adimula, Abiodun Isaac

Aimiuwu, V.O.

Ajayi, Gabriel O.

Ajewole, Moses Oludare

Ajibola, K.O.

Akindahunsi, Afolabi Akintunde

Akinrimisi, J.

Akinwunmi, Olumide Oluwole

Akomolafe, T.

Akoshile, C.O.

Anyanwu Cosmas Ngozichukwu

Arogunjo, Adeseye Muyiwa

Babalola Jonathan Oyebamiji

Balogun, Fatai Akintunde

Chendo, Michael A.C.

Chineke, Theo Chidiezie

Ekuwem, Emmanuel Efiong

Enibe, Samuel Ogbonna

Eze, Ifeanyi Samson

Garde,S.C.

Ibisi, M.I.

Idiodi,J.

Jegede, Oluwabusayo

Kolawole,L.B.

Kuku, Adenike

Kuku, Titilayo A.

Mbagwu, Joe Sonne Chinyere

Miskolczi,F.M.

Mustapha, Amidu Olalekan

Obikwelu, E.

Okunade, A.A.

Olabanji, Simon Olukayode

Olomo,J.B.

Olowolafe,J.O.

Olumekor,L.

Onwuagba, Beniah N.

Osakwe, E.N.C.

Osalusi, Emmanuel

Osinkolu, Gabriel A.

Owoade, Kayode Oyediran

Owusu-Ansah,K.A.

Raji, T.I.

Salako, Felix Kolawole

Sokunbi, Moses Olufemi

Rwanda

Mpawenayo, Prosper

Nsabimana,M.

Senegal

Bedard, Daniel

Diop, Djibril

Sakho, O.

Tidjani, A.

Sierra Leone

Awunor Renner, E.

Massaquoi,J.G.M.

Somalia

Elmi, Musa F.

Gabow, Abdulkadir Ahmed

Mohamed,H.M.

Mohamud, A.H.

Mursal,O.

Sadiq, S.

Sudan

Imbabi, M.S.E.

Mirghani,M.Z.

Sadiq,S.

Tanzania

Kawambwa, S.J.M.

Manja,B.A.

Tunisia

Ben Ghanem, B.

Ben Jedou, M.

Boudh-hir, M.E.

Zaire

Kabangu, Kanza

Mavinga,B.

Mbungu, Tsumbu

Zambia

Jain,P.C.

Jain,S.

6. List of TRIL Fellows from Africa (cont.)

copy

right

© IC

TP

37 V. APPENDICES

Algeria

Dokhane, Abdelhamid

El-Mellouhi, Fedwa

Menaa, Nabil

Cameroon

Ndjaka Manyol, Joseph Eric M.

Tafen, De Nyago

Egypt

Abdelfatah, Shimaa Slah

Bakr, Mohamed M.

Bocktor, Ashraf Boshra

El-Nashar, Hassan

Hassanien, Abd El-Rahim I.

Sadiek, Gehad Kandeel

Ethiopia

Abtew, Ayalew Tesfaye

Dadi, Ashenafi Feye

Erenso, Daniel Bekele

Fekade Duki, Solomon

Gebremichael, Yeshitila

Regassa Cheneke, Belete

Tsige, Mesfin

Yalew Yimer, Yeneneh

Ghana

Kutor, John

Nkrumah, George

Kenya

Ayodo, Yudah Kennedy

Lesotho

Fabiane, Mopeli S.

Rapapa, Ntoi Paul

Liberia

Brownell, John Nimly

Morocco

El Akramine, Ouafae

Nigeria

Adeagbo, Waheed Adeniyi

Adedeji, Adetayo Victor

Akande, Akinlolu

Ekpunobi, Azubike

Ganiyu, Saheed Adekunle

Iziomon, Moses Godwin

Matthew (Ojelabi), Fadeke

Mbamala, Emmanuel C.

Ogundare, Folorunso Ogunmola

Yewande, Emmanuel Oluwole, Jr.

Sudan

Hagmusa, Isam-Eldin Hassan

Zambia

Kalezhi, Josephat

Mulindwa, Lister

Musonda, George (deceased)

Ndawana, Lutende Macleans

7. List of Diploma Students from Africa (Condensed Matter Physics)

copy

right

© IC

TP

38V. APPENDICES

Algeria

Benmechiche, Iman

Boughezal, Radja

Boulahouache, Chaouki

Dou, Djamel

Ghadab, Sofiane

Idri, Badis

Messamah, Ilies

Nasri, Salah

Nebia, Faiza

Sia, Radia

Soualah, Rachik

Cameroon

Akofor, Earnest

D. R. of Congo

Tsimba Nsangu, Carine

Congo Dem. (ex Zaire)

Kiveni, Manungu J.F.

Egypt

Abdel Khalek, Khaled Safwat

Abdel-Rahiem, Abdou Mohamed

Ahmed, Adel Mohamed Mahmoud

Al-Fiky, Mohammed T.H.

El-Gammal, Sherif Ismail M.

El-Houssieny, Mohamed El-Sayed

Emam, Waled Abd Elzaher

Khalil, Shaaban Said

Lashin, Elsayed Ibrahim

Nassar, Mohamed Ali

Zaakouk, Eman Ali M. A.

Ethiopia

Alemu, Tegegne

Gebremariam, Hailu

Thomas, Petros

Tolla, Driba Demissie

Madagascar

Randrianarivony, Koloina A.

Randrianarivony, Mahatana A.

Morocco

Bachri, Abdelghafour

Nigeria

Adeluyi, Adeola Adeleke

Anoka, Ojodume Cyril

Lawal, Anota O. (Ijaduola)

Oginni, Babatunde Moses

Ogu, Christian

Okorogu, Albert O.

Sudan

Abd El Salam, Hanadi Mohamed

Abdalla, Tarig Mukhtar

Asadig, Mohammed

El Hadi, Muawya Mohamed

Fakhri, Sami Noshi

Ibrahim Arbab, Arbab

Khalil, Hagir

Nyawelo, Tino Shawish

Osman, Osman Yousif

Riad, Ihab Fatahalla

7. List of Diploma Students from Africa (High Energy Physics)

copy

right

© IC

TP

39 V. APPENDICES

7. List of Diploma Students from Africa (Mathematics)

Algeria

Ameur, Kheira

Benin

Awanou, Gerard

Degla, Guy

Cameroon

Biyogmam, Guy Roger

Boubakari, Ibrahimou

Heubo Kwegna, Olivier

Matamba Messi, Leopold

Nganou, Jean Bernard

Ntatin, Benselamonyuy

Nyuydinkong, Griffith

Pemy, Moustapha Njiahouo F.

Pooh, Charles Thierry

Congo Dem. (ex Zaire)

Mavinga Nsoki, Marie M.

D. R. Congo

Kabanda, Madika

Egypt

Darwish, Mohamed Abdalla

El-Sharkawy, Hany Abd E.M.

El-Sherbiny, Hoda E-S. Ibrahim

Mohamed, Gamal Abdallah Ibrahim

Ethiopia

Aberra, Dawit

Adamtie Mengesha, Tadele

Gessesse, Hailegebriel E.

Gidey Zerihun, Tadesse

Gishe, Jemal Emina

Mawi, Henok Zecharias

Mohammed, Godu Mohamud

Negussie Abebe, Abraham

Tameru, Berhanu Bogale

Teju Takele, Hailu

Tesemma, Mohammed Seid

Wondmagegne, Yosief

Worku, Tamrie Bitew

Zegeye, Habtu

Ghana

Quarcoo, Joseph

Guinea

Diallo, Mohamed

Kenya

Malonza, David Mumo

Ouma, Otieno M.A. E.

Madagascar

Randriampiry, Njinasoa

Randrianarivony, Nirina Lovasoa

Mauritania

Ould Bouverra, Ahmed Salem

Sy, Soyibou

Wane, Bocar Amadou

Morocco

Bourhim, Abdellatif

Boutayeb, Salahaddine

Nigeria

Chidume, Gerald C.

Chukwuma, Uche Norberts

Ekere, Ahamefule Edwin

Nnoli, Bonaventure Chukwumah

Nwogbaga, Agashi Pius

Ofoedu, Eric Uwadiegwu

Omokaro, Henry Osaretin

Osilike, Micah Okwuchuku

Udomene, Aniefiok

Zubairu, Aminu Othman

P. R. of Congo

Makita, Percy D.

Senegal

Diagne, Mabouba

Djitte, Ngalla

Fall, Djiby

Fall, Mouhamed

Kane, Abdoulaye Sabou

Ndiaye, Cheikh Birahim

Thiam, Ngueye

Somalia

Hussein, Abdulkadir Ahmed

Ibrahim, Mohamed Beynah

Sudan

Ahmed, Atika

Dinar, Yassir Ibrahim Yousif Ali

Hidaytalla, Lamya Abbas

Uganda

Nsubuga, Saul Hannington

copy

right

© IC

TP

40V. APPENDICES

8. List of Active Joint Ph.D (STEP) Students and Mori Fellows from Africa

Benin

ESSOUN Marcelline

Cameroon

MALONDA BOUNGOU Brice Rodrigue

TAFFOTI YOLONG Vicky Yolande

Côte d’Ivoire

BOSSON Ehooman

KEITA Melalie

Egypt

ALI Ahmad Hosny

Ethiopia

HABTE Tolu Biressa

Ghana

AMPONSAH Paulina Ekua

BROWNE Nana Ama Kum

Madagascar

RAZAFINDRAKOTO Hoby Njara Tendrisoa

Nigeria

ALI Bashir

BUSARI Matiu Abolanle

FAROMIKA Oluwayomi Peace

OFOEDU Eric Uwadiegwu

OLADIPO Olushola Abel

OLAJUYIGBE A. Folasade Mayowa

SALAWU Sule Ola

TALEATU Bidini Alade

Senegal

NDAO Ababacar Sadikhe

South Africa

RAJI A. Tunde

Sudan

ALI Omer Abdul Aziz

MOHAMED SALIH Adil

SALIH SAEED Mohammed Khalil

Tanzania

MUHOGORA Wilbroad E.

HANNACHI Riadh Hannachi

copy

right

© IC

TP

Strada Costiera, 1134014 Trieste, Italy

www.ictp.it Prin

ted

in T

ries

te b

y th

e IC

TP

Publ

icat

ions

and

Pri

ntin

g Se

rvic

es

copy

right

© IC

TP