Hazard Assessment

Why Hazard Assessment?

u29 CFR Part 1910. Subpart Iu Increases Awareness of Workplace

HazardsuProvides opportunity to identify and

control workplace hazardsuCan lead to increased productivityuMay prevent an Occupational Injury or

Illness

What is PPE?

Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to prevent injury or illness

from a specific hazard.

Before PPE

uAdministrative Controls– Change Work Practices– Change Hazardous Duties– Cease Hazardous Duties

uEngineering Controls– Sound insulation– Guards– Tools

Administrative Changes !For Example.... Vs

uWorking off LadderuOil based paintu Sand blasting in

boothu JackhammeringuGloved hand

uWorking off ScaffolduWater based paintu Sand blasting in

cabinetuHole RamuHot Sticks

Engineering Controls

uMachine GuardsuSound deadening/dampeninguShielding

Controlling Hazards

PPE devices alone should not be relied on to provide protection against hazards, but should be

used in conjunction with guards, engineering controls, and sound

work practices .

Assessment and SelectionIt is necessary to consider certain general

guidelines for assessing the foot, head, eye and face, and hand hazard situations that exist in an occupational operation or process, and

to match the protective devices to the particular hazard. It is the responsibility of the

supervisor to exercise common sense and appropriate expertise to accomplish these

tasks.

Assessment Guidelines.Conduct a walk through survey of the areas in question. The purpose of the

survey (or field observation) is to identify sources of hazards to workers

and co workers.

Hazard Sourcesu sources of MOTIONu sources of EXTREME temperaturesu types of chemical exposuresu sources of harmful dustu sources of light radiationu sources of falling objects or potential for dropping objectsu sources of sharp objectsu sources or rolling or pinching objectsu layout of workplace and location of co workersu any electrical hazards

In addition....

injury/ accident data should be reviewed to help identify problem

areas.

Organize data

Following the walkthrough survey, it is necessary to organize the data and information

for use in the assessment of hazards. The objective is to prepare for an analysis of the hazards in the environment to enable proper

selection of protective equipment.

Analyze datauHaving gathered and organized data on a

workplace, an estimate of the potential for injuries should be made. Each of the basic hazards should be reviewed and a determination made as to the type, level of risk. and seriousness of potential injury from each of the hazards found in the area.

uThe possibility of exposure to several hazards simultaneously should be considered.

Selection guidelinesuBecome familiar with the potential

hazards and the type of protective equipment that is available, and what it can do; i.e.., splash protection, impact protection, etc.

uCompare the hazards associated with the environment; i.e.., impact velocities, masses, projectile shape, radiation intensities, with the capabilities of the available protective equipment

Selection guidelines (cont.)

uSelect the protective equipment which ensures a level of protection greater than the minimum required to protect employees from the hazards.

uFit the user with the protective device and give instructions on care and use of the PPE.

Selection Note

u It is very important that end users be made aware of all warning labels for and limitations of their PPE

Reassessment of hazards

It is the responsibility of the supervisor to reassess the workplace hazard situation

as necessary, by identifying and evaluating new equipment and

processes, reviewing accident records, and reevaluating the suitability of

previously selected PPE

So how do I Do all This????

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS

Job Safety Analysis

The breaking down into its component parts of any method or procedure to

determine the hazards connected with each key step and the requirements for

performing it safely.

Job Safety Analysis Priorities

uuNew JobsNew JobsuuSeverity PotentialSeverity PotentialuuHistory of Disabling History of Disabling InjuriesInjuriesuuFrequency of AccidentsFrequency of Accidents

Job Safety Analysis

uJob means “task”u(Changing a tire not auto mechanic)u“key” stepsu too detailed becomes cumbersomeunot enough detail becomes useless

Break job down into key steps AVOID!!

umaking the breakdown so detailed That an unnecessarily large number of steps results

umaking the job breakdown so general that basic steps are not recorded

Key Steps TOO MUCHChanging a Flat Tire

u Pull off roadu Put car in “park”u Set brakeu Activate emergency flashersu Open dooru Get out of caru Walk to trunku Put key in locku Open trunku Remove jacku Remove Spare tire

Key Steps NOT ENOUGHChanging a Flat Tire

uPark caru take off flat tireuput on spare tireudrive away

Key Job Steps JUST RIGHTChanging a Flat tire

u Park car, set brakeu remove jack & tire

from trunku loosen log nutsu jack up caru remove tireu set new tireu jack down car

u tighten lug nutsu store tire & jack

Hazards

u Parking Car– Struck by Traffic

uRemoving tire & jack– Back Strain– bang head on trunk

u Loosen lug nuts– back/arm strain– slip & fall

u Jacking up car– car could fall off jack

u Setting new tire– fingers pinched– back strain

u Tighten nuts– back strain– slip & fall

Work Observation

uSelect experienced worker(s) who will cooperate and participate in the JSA process.

uExplain purpose of JSAuObserve the employee perform the job

and write down basic stepsuCompletely describe each stepuNote deviations (Very Important!)

Job Safety Analysis

PROTECTION

HAZARD

PROTECTION PROTECTION

HAZARD

KEY STEP

Identify Hazards &Potential Accidents

uSearch for HazardsuProduced by WorkuProduced by EnvironmentuRepeat job observation as many times

as necessary to identify all hazards

Develop Solutions

uFind a new way to do jobuChange physical conditions that create

hazardsuChange the work procedureuReduce frequency

New way to do job

uDetermine the work goal of the job, and then analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to see which way is safest.

uConsider work saving tools and equipment.

Change in physical conditions

uTools, materials, equipment layout or location

uStudy change carefully for other benefits (costs, time savings)

Change in work procedures

uWhat should the worker do to eliminate the hazard

uHow should it be done?uDocument changes in detail

Reduce frequency

uWhat can be done to reduce the frequency of the job??

u Identify parts that cause frequent repairs - change

uReduce vibration save machine parts

What effects??

uA job that has been redesigned may affect other jobs or work processes.

uCheck or reobserve the new process once it has been redesigned