UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, NIGERIADEPT: GEOGRAPHY AND REGIONAL PLANNING

GROUP THREE

LEVEL: 300L

COURSE CODE: GEO 311

COURSE TITLE: FIELD STUDIES IN GEOGRAPHY

REPORT TITLE: GEOGRAPHICAL FIELD STUDIES OF OGUN STATE

SUPERVISED BY:

DR MRS M.N EZEMONYE

PROF P.A.O ODJUGO

PROF M ASHIKIA

MR T.F BALOGUN

MR E. ERIMONA

DATE: 1st JUNE, 2015.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In performing our assignment, we had to take the help

and guideline of some respected persons, who deserve our

greatest gratitude. The completion of this assignment gives us

much Pleasure. We would like to show our gratitude Prof P.O.A

Odjugo, Prof M. Ashikia Mr T.F Balogun, our course adviser Mr E

Eremona and the head of department Geography and Regional

Planning University of Benin Dr Mrs M.N Ezeminye for guiding us

throughout the field study for our group report. We would also

like to expand our deepest gratitude to all those who have

directly and indirectly guided us in writing this assignment.In

addition, a thank you to Professor Ashikia, who introduced us

to the Research Methodology in Geography, and whose passion for

the “underlying structures” had lasting effect. We also thank

the the government and people of Ogun state for their

hospitality for accepting us into their state. Many thanks to

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all the people in the department, especially our classmates and

group 3 members that have made valuable comment suggestions on

this report writeup and those who gave us an inspiration to

complete our report write up.

GROUP THREE MEMBERS

OSAZUWA SUNDAY OSAZE SSC1205599 (GROUP LEADER, AND EDITOR

IN CHIEF)

CORNELIUS OBELE BONKIENI SSC1205548 (ASSISTANT

GROUP LEADER AND URBANIZATION MAJOR)

AKAMAGUNE NELLY EMMANUEL (TOURISM MAJOR)

TAWO STEPHEN OSANG EDU1306489

EHIMWENMA OSUNDE OSARETIN EDU1307314

EDUN BILLY JUNIOR SSC1205552

UMUKORO REDEEM OBARO SSC1205605

YAVBIERI OKEOGHENE SSC1205609

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IKEOKWU UGONNA SSC1205568

AGU CHIMA CHARLES SSC1205542

ERNEST IGHODARO OSARENKHOE SSC1205598

GINIKANWA ASSUMPTA CHIDALU SSC1205563

NWOSU KINGSLEY NKEMJIKE SSC1205583

DOCSTAN ABEL ANTHONY SSC1206296

EYIMOGA OGAH SAMUEL SSC1205559

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Field work or field studies has a long history in geography that

dates back to the ancient times of the Greek and Romans. The first known

Geographer to undertake a field study of a known area was Strabo. Strabo

said a geographer must describe the known parts of the inhabited world

and write all that he sees the way that he sees it. On this base, Strabo

was able to write detail work on places he visited during his life time

which he was able to compile into 17 volumes.

Field work can thus be defined as any curriculum component that involves

knowing the classroom and engaging in teaching and leaving activities

through firsthand experience of phenomena. For the geographers field work�

can be likened to the laboratory work of the sciences such that the field

for the geographer is the equivalent of the laboratory for the scientist.

But field work can be better regarded as a sub set of the practical

sciences.

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According to Osazuwa (2014) field work is the practical aspect of all

that has been taught throughout the semester to introduce the student of

geography to the natural or human environment such that they can observe

firsthand the process of formation or the form the phenomena takes in

real life, and to also stimulate and enhance their knowledge about the

order of the phenomena. In geography and Regional Planning department of

the University of Benin, field work has been a tradition and a compulsory

part of the requirement to attain a degree in the University and as scuch

it is necessary that the students of geography and Regional planning

undergo the field work to study and practice what they have been taught

or learnt throughout the semester.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aims and objectives of the field work exercise are numerous but

very important. The importance stems from the fact that no study can be

done in geography without understanding a field work exercise.

Specifically on this field work exercise our aims and objectives includes

to carry out a study of the Abeokuta and its environs to find out the

following.

1. To find out the historical development of Abeokuta.

2. To determine which process or factors played major roles in the

development of Abeokuta.

3. To study the level of urbanization in the area an outline the

factors responsible for this urbanization.

4. To determine the various land use in the area of study such as

(a) To determine the recreational land use of the area (Abeokuta and

Imeko town) with special attention to tourism.

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(b) To determine the economic and industrial land use and the

activities with reference to local industries and marketing of the

area.

(c) To determine the residential land use, form and pattern and the

factors responsible for the housing condition and settlement pattern

in the area.

(d)To determine the factors responsible for the location of the

activities in the area they are found.

5. To determine the level of Agricultural development in the area and to

study and understand the agencies involved in agricultural production in

these area and the mechanism they employ in carrying out their duties.

6. To identify and deter the social economic and political impact of

such various land use and development of the area and its people

7. To determine the problems of some of these activities and land use on

the population or occupancy of these areas.

8. Finally to proffer or suggest possible solution to these problems and

difficulties faced and posed by each activities on the people and the

area itself. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

From the field studies we carried out in Abeokuta and its environs

many problems were discovered that now makes up our research focus.

Prominent among these problems is the problem that arises as a result of

urbanization and urban renewal. These problem can be noticed along the

road enlargement project going on in the state, where building were

demolished half way to give way for the road construction. This part

demolition of structures can pose hazard to the area thus it will be

necessary to totally demolish any structure that has been marked for

such.

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Another problem has to do with infrastructural development and provision

of social amenities. These problems we noticed affect a large part of the

state and the issue of water provision and electricity being of major

concern. There is an agency that is set out to tackle this problem and

such the agency should strive hard to provide these amenities to improve

the standard of living of the people in the state.

Another problem under study is the problem of tourism and its development

in the state and their different area of location. To take the Olumo rock

as an example, the facilities provided at the site are no longer

functional due to management while tourist site such as the Osuuru Spring

is very under developed and thus not looking like a tourist site at all.

Also coupled with this is the problem of distance of the spring from the

state capital, a problem which is made magmaninous by the poor state of

the road leading to the area (Imeko).

There is the specific problem that has to do with the industrial and

economic land use and activities, Agricultural activities, residential

land use and settlement forms and pattern. All this and more are the

problems we will try to outline and proffer solution to them in the

course of our research report writing as space and time will permit us

to.

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CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

The World is characterized by dynamics. The only thing that cannot

change is change itself. Over the years the nature of tourism changed

significantly there is general improvement in the tourism sector all over

the world. Secondly, tourism promotes peace. The Nigerian government

during the Civil war and in 1970 (at the end of the war) the theme of the

years tourism was tourism for peace and understanding (Da Silva, 2001).�

Tourism exposes people to new worlds or environments and life style thus

making participants to learn about new environment in Nigeria, the vast

tourism potentials such as table mountains (Plateau), beautiful

landscape, colorful folks, overwhelming serenity wildlife, waterfall,

springs and other festivals, architecture and craft has necessitate

towards the existing tourism drive in the country. The Federal Government

of Nigeria on July 10 1990 in Lagos formally approved a tourism policy

for Nigeria with the following objectives.

Increasing the inflow of foreign exchange through the promotion on

international tourism

Encouraging and developing domestic based enterprises

Promoting and encouraging active private sector participation

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Preserving our cultural heritage and movement

Making tourism a preferred commercial sector

Fostering social integration among various groups in the country

It can be assumed that with the inclusion of an encouraging and

developing domestic policy, the federal Government has an agenda for the

local inhabitants of the geographical location of the tourist attraction.

It wouldnt come too much of a surprise that even though there are many�

tourist centre in Nigeria, according to Aiyelobola (2006), tourism is

largely neglected. In other word the industry has not been employed to

its maximum capacity of making tourism industry, the must preferred

commercial sector.

Urban areas have changed remarkably in the latter half of the last

century and have become more influenced by the global economy new

technologies and how older and how industrial jobs have been replaced by

a new service economy (Peck and Tickel, 2002, Jessop, 2002). Since the

Second World War, the declining affordability of manufacturing,

international completion, deindustrialization and the slight to the

service economy has established the manufacturing based economy and

reworked international relations and economic networks (Sulyngedow,

2009). Technology and the rise of service economy have comprised time and

space and the influences on urban community change are more global and

less local in their character. This makes spatial Change less predictable

and also harder for policy makers and planners to regulate at the

regional or local level (couch et al 2003). Urban development in Ogun

state especially looking at the ancient city of Abeokuta is still in its

formative phase (Akamagune, 2015). However, plans are ongoing to provide

modern housing facilities, infrastructures and social amenities.

Also looking at the agricultural practice in Ogun State it is

imperative to examine it from the perspective of Ogun State Agricultural

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Development Programme (OGADEP) because they control agricultural

policies, disseminating information to the farmers as well as rendering

extension services to the farmers. Most of the settlement in Abeokuta and

its environment engage in subsistence farming producing such crops as

maize, cassava, plantain and majorly food crops with few engaging in cash

crop production of such crops like cocoa as observed along the road

leading to Imeko afon settlement. The primary function of Ogadep is to

assist the farmers and update them of modern farming practices that can

increase the productivity of crops as well as provide seed varieties to

farmers.

The OGADEP through research has launched a new technology called the

Green House project which has the capability of doubling the production

rate of legumes and cereal crops compared to the natural soil using a

very small hectare of land.

Technology in the world today is on the increase and Ogun State is

not left out and it is believed that with these technology, Ogun State is

on the way of emerging as an Agricultural city feeding the Nation with

very few engaging in agriculture.

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

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STUDY AREA

The field work exercise was done in Ogun state with the major

interest in its capital Abeokuta and environs (Imeko). Ogun state is a

state in the south western part of Nigeria that was formally the old

western region of Nigeria. Ogun state was created on the 3rd of February

1976 from the old western region. It shares a continuous boarder with

Lagos state to the south, Oyo state and Osun state to the North, Ondo

state to the East and Republic of Benin to the west. It its nicknamed the

gateway state due to the continuous boarder it shares with the Republic

of Benin.

Ogun state occupies and area extent of 16980.55km2 and has a population of

3751,140 people as at the last population census 2006 in Nigeria

Ogun state has four major ethnic groups which includes the Egba who are

located in Abeokuta, the Egbado who are also located at the capital

Abeokuta, the Ijebus who are majorly found at Ijebu ode, Ijebu Igbo and� � �

other Ijebu town and lastly but north the least are the Remo people who

are located at Sagamu. There are also minorities groups found in Ogun

state which includes the Egun people, the Ilaje, the Ikale and Dahomey

who migrated into the area from Republic of Benin. Ogun state has 20

local government areas and these local government areas has been divided

to 3 geo political zones which includes the Abeokuta central senatorial

district which takes care of the Egba people and local government area,

the Ogun west senatorial district which takes care of the Yewa own people

or the Egbado and the local government area they are found and finally

the Ijebu senatorial district which takes care of the Ijebu and the Remo

people and local government area they are found in.

The major language of the Ogun people is Yoruba but there are four main

dialects to take care of the four ethnic majority groups. Ogun state has

a unique geology. There are two main type of rock form in the state; the

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geology is made up of basement complex rock of the Precambrian age which

is made up of older and younger granite. At the southern part of the

state on the other hand there are younger and older sedimentary rocks of

both the tertiary and secondary ages.

In terms of relief form and drainage Ogun state can be said to have

an undulating relief form i.e. the state has an undulating lowland with

numerous hills scattered about the state which are interfluves between

the different river valleys within the state with some being remnants of

large planation of inselbergs found in the state capital Abeokuta such as

the Olumo rock. The state is drained by many rivers such as the rivers

Ogun, Oyan, Osun, Yewa, Yemoji, Ona, Sosa, Oru, Oha, Iju Abifon etc. Due

to the location of the state most of these rivers are either tributaries

or empty into the coastal lagoons or into the Atlantic Ocean.

Ogun state is located in the hot humid tropical climate zone of Nigeria.

It has two distinct seasons which are wet or rainy season and dry season.

The rain seasons last from March or April to November while the dry

season last from November to March or April. The mean annual rainfall of

the state varies from 128com in the southern part of the state to 105cm

in the Northern. Temperature also varies with season with the highest

temperature at the dry season and the lowest at the rainy season. The

average monthly temperature ranges from 280C in the rainy season and the

dry season has the highest of 350C.

The soil and vegetation of Ogun state varies from one location to

the other and this has to do with the fact that Ogun state is bounded by

different vegetation belt on its west, south, east and North. Thus at one

part will have a mangrove forest vegetation while another will show a

rain forest vegetation and other part show a guinea savannah vegetation.

The soil type is determined by the parent material and type of vegetation

found in each region.

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POPULATION OF THE STUDY

The population of our field study is the Ogun state population. The

population according to the 2006 National population census was 3751140

and the area extent is 16980.55km3 and the population density of Ogun

state is 220/km3 that is 220 persons per square kilometers.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING METHOD

The sample used for this study is Abeokuta and its environs (up to

Imeko). Abeokuta is the state capital and has a population of 593,140 and

covers an area extent of 10679.381km2 while Imeko is located at Imeko �

Afon local government area and has a population of 82,217 and an area

extent of 1655km2 the population density of Abeokuta and Imeko are 55.54

persons and 49.7 person per square kilometers respectively, as at the

2006 National population census. The sample was selected using the non

probabilistic method of sampling making use of convince sampling

technique and the Quota sampling technique. This is because Abeokuta and

Imeko contains the bulk of what our study or field research work is based

on.

DATE COLLECTION METHOD

For this field report data used includes the primary and secondary

data. The Primary data was collected using the following data collection

method

1. Personal and Field Observation.

2. Lectures and Interviews

3. Note taking and recording

4. Use of Questionnaires

5. Use of photographs

While the secondary data used for the report work was collected using the

following

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1. Use of internet

2. Use of textbooks, bills, pamphlets and PDFs etc.

CHAPTER FOUR

TOURISM IN OGUN STATE

Tourism all over the world has been on the increase both in the

developed countries and in the developing countries. Though the ratio at

which the developed world and the developing world invest in tourism

varies with higher proportion going to the developed countries.

Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world in terms of

revenue generation. The importance and contribution of tourism to Nigeria

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economy cannot be overemphasized. The tourism industry is regulated by

the ministry of culture, tourism and national orientation.

Tourism is a process where people visit places of interest to relax,

derive pleasure, be entertained or for scientific research, Tourism in

Nigeria hinges mainly on culture which emphasizes ecotourism. People

engage in tourism for different purposes which are captured in the

different types of tourism. They includes the religious tourism in which

pilgrimage journey to Jerusalem (Christians) or Mecca (Muslims)

similarly, the celestials gather annually at Imeko in Ogun state for

their pilgrimage. There is also educational tourism which is usually

undertaken by academicians. It is vital to state that in whichever type

of tourism that an individual undertakes, there is education tourism in

disguise. Other types of tourism include cultural tourism, space tourism,

and social tourism amongst others.

Ogun state is located in the south-western part of Nigeria, a state

created in 1976 with Abeokuta as its capital Ogun State is situated at

latitude 6.20N & longitude 3.00E 85.00E it is bounded in the West by Benin

Republic, in the South by Lagos and the Atlantic Ocean, in the North by

Oyo and Osun State and in the East by Ondo State. Ogun State has lots of

tourist centers. They includes: Olumo rock located at Ikija in Abeokuta,

the Ogun state Hall of Fame, Bilikisu Osungbo shrine in Ijebu-Ode, Osuuru

Spring at Imeko to name but a few.

THE OLUMO ROCK

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Olumo derives its name from OLUWA LO MO meaning it is God that

molded it. Olumo rock is located in the ancient city of Abeokuta which

means under the rock. Abeokuta is the largest city and the state capital

of Ogun state. Olumo rock is the most visited tourist centre in Ogun

state both by local and foreign tourist. The rock was said to be home of

the Egbas during the inter tribal war that ravage the Yoruba land in the

19th century. The rock is 137m above sea level. According to our tour

guide, the rock was discovered by a hunter named Adagba. According to

her, the Ifa (Oracle) directed the Egbas to settle here and they

constructed five rooms using mud four as collapse remaining one. The room

serves as a reminder of the survival strategy adopted by the Egbas. On

this rock, the Egbas could see their enemies and this enable them to

monitor as well as devise effective means of attack and defend their

territory and this event usually leads to their victory. It is believed

that the Olumo rock provide spiritual succor to the people of Egba land.

Following the man-made steps that leads to the rock is the olumo shrine

where sacrifices are made to the gods every 5th of August annually. Two

people are allowed into the shrine. They are the Alake of Egba land who

is the paramount ruler of the shrine and the Chief priest. The rest

people stand close to the door of the shrine and say amen to their

prayers. Close to the shrine is the Egba war time Hide out during the

war. On the other side of the rock where status of Egba Heroes, here,

evidence of cowries were seen wish represent the money used at that time.

Just at this point is the ancient that lead to the peak of the rock it is

fascinating for warriors and challenging for those who have phobia for

height.

Apart from a fortune, an Auditorium and a gallery of art at the base

of the rock the sight processes other interesting features such as the

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panseke Garden which is deeply shaded by tall Dogoyaro tress. The Garden

is perfect for relaxation and hosting of birthday parties. There are

three way of ascending to the peak of the rock, they are the ancient way,

the stair way and the elevator. At the top of the rock, we observe a

clear view of Abeokuta in terms of landscape, settlement pattern

including the first church in Nigeria, St. Peters Cathedral, NTA the late

family house of late Abiola, the first Central mosque, Ogun River etc.

Also at the top of the rock is an Iroko tress believed to be over

250years. Scientifically the activity of the Iroko tress on the rock

defers from what it is culturally meant to be. From the scientific point

of view, the tree is engaging in biological weathering trying to

breakdown the rock into pebbles or boulders. We observed some crakes and

cervixes on the rock were chemical weathering is gradually taking place.

At the top of the rock, the effect of the wind is high. This is due to

the absences of the frictional forces that act as barriers to the

movement of the wind.

THE OGUN STATE HALL OF FAME (JUNE 12 CULTURAL CENTRE)

The June 12 cultural centre harbors the Ogun state hall of fame it

is located in Kuto in Abeokuta the capital of Ogun state. The Ogun state

Hall of Fame is a sector of the June 12 cultural centre that contain

sculptures of great illustrious sons and daughters of the people of Ogun

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State who has brought great fame to the people of Ogun state as well as

Nigeria as a whole as extension. These great men and women as contributed

immensely to the benefit and special recognition Ogun state enjoy today.

Some of the sculptures in the Hall of fame includes: Dr. Huburt Adedeji

Ogunde, Awolowo,Wole Soyinka, Sen. Solomon Ayodeji Otegbola, Mike Adenuga

Jr, Ebenezer Olusapo Remilekun, Fabiyi and many others both in the world

of business, Politics, Education etc. that has labored greatly to make

Ogun state the most reputable state in the western part of the country

and one of the most reputable state in Nigeria as a whole.

RELIGIOUS TOURISM: OTAPELE MOUNT OF SALVATION IN IMEKO

Otapele or Atapele mount of salvation is located in Imeko inside

Abeokuta. It consists of sets of granite (igneous Rock) borders balanced

upon each other. We were informed that the Prophet Fredrick Akanbi Adeoye

was led to the spot by the series of dreams he heard in which the Lord

spoke to him about the rock. He made several visit to the place but found

nothing significant about the rock. At his last trip he sat to look at

negatives of the photos which he took at the place and saw the picture of

a mans face and a praying hand then he returned to the spot to build his�

church. Opposite the Mount of salvation is another rock in shape of a

crown it is referred to as the prophet crown. This is where the prophet

stands to make any decree and receives answers to his prayers. According

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to our tour guide, many people come to this mount to pray and receives

answers to their prayers.

OSUURU SPRING

The Osuuru spring is located at Imeko. The sight beholds a beautiful

sight were natural water gushes out from Undernet the rock whose source

is unknown. The spring is a source of drinking water for the people of

Imeko town. It also provides water for domestic purposes for the people.

The spring provides healing to diseases and serves as a ground for

spiritual cleansing of these said to be possessed by evil spirits

FUNNAB ZOO PARK

The Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta a Zoo Park serves as

a veritable haven for leisure and wildlife

Tucked in a conserved Forest some 200 meters away from the main gate of

the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta is the Funaab Zoo-park.

Save for its imposing and massive gate at the entrance upon which the

name of the park was etched, a first time visitor might just walk or

drive on without giving it any special attention.

Apart from serving as a resource for research these students who offers

courses in forestry, zoology, veterinary and botanical fields, the park

also serves the general public as leisure garden to appreciate nature and

see different animals in their natural habitat.

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A visit to the zoological garden by our correspondent serves as an eye

opener of some sort.

The various segments in the park are well designated and there are

directional signs to guide the visitors as to where they are headed while

inside the park, which sits on 62 hectares of land.

There are sections for birds, reptile and other animals like monkeys,

baboons, Jackals, Hyenas, and Antelopes among others. With a tour guide

at the request of a visitor, the funaab zoo park offers a balanced mix of

natures gift to man. �

RESIDENT ANIMALS IN FUNAAB ZOO-PARK

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME NUMBEROlive baboons Papio Anubis 3

Erythrocebus patas Erthrocebus patas 6Mona monkey Cercupithecus mona 3Velvet monkey Cercopithecus

acthiups2

Hyena Croucuta Croucuta 2African grey parrots Psittacus erithacus 2

Crowned crames Balearica regulorum 2Geese Chen caeruescens 4

Red headed love bird Agapornis pullarius 2Crocodiles Osteolescens

niloliticus3

Tortoise Geochelone sulcata 1Monitor lizard Vernus niloticus 2

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM IN OGUN STATE

1. Revenue generation: tourism is one of the revenue generating sectors

to the federal, state as well as the local people. The Olumo rock

generates on average 1.2million 1.5million naira monthly from where�

salaries of staffs are paid and the remaining is paid into the state

coffer.

2. Provides employment opportunities 20

3. Provides foreign exchange: payment made by tourist to visit tourist

centre provides foreign exchange earnings for the

4. It is a mean of promoting the peoples culture and projecting it to

the rest of the world

5. Tourism leads to increase in commercial activities in the state.

PROBLEMS OF TOURIST CENTRES IN OGUN STATE

1. Absence of good roads: one of the stigmas on Abeokuta is the lack of

good road network to aid transportation to the tourist centres.

2. Inadequate power supply: power is the driving force of any economy,

the tourist centres in Ogun state suffers greatly from lack of

constant power supply.

3. There are not much recreational facility compared to tourist centres

in advanced countries such as swimming pools, parks, good

restaurants and hotels.

4. The structures (Building) surrounding the Olumo rock is very old.

These structures give unattractive look thereby making it to lose

its beauty.

5. The security of the place is not guaranteed especially the mount of

salvation and the Osuuru spring as there are no securities in the

area.

OGUN-OSUN RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (O-ORBDA)

OVERVIEW:

Ogun Osun River Basin Development Authority is one of the twelve�

River Basin Authority established by the federal government of Nigeria

under decree No 25 of the 1976 and 31 of 1977. As at today, the Ogun �

Osun River Basin development Authority (O-ORBDA) is operating under

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decree 35 of 1987 and privatization and commercialization decree No25 of

1988. It is a parastatal of the federal ministry of water resources.

The Authority was formerly launched on July 4th 1977 by the federal

commissioner for water resources Alhaji Ibrahim El Yakubu in Ake�

centenary Hall Abeokuta the states which fall in the area of coverage of

Ogun Osun Rivers Basin Development Authority are Lagos, Osun, Ogun and�

Oyo state.

AREAS OF ACTION

The Authority has jurisdiction over the area between Nigerias border�

with the Republic of Benin to the west and sosa River to the east. The

area covered by the present day Ogun Osun River Basin Development�

Authority has an estimated land area of 66,264 squares kilometer. The

area is drained by two main Rivers Ogun and Osun and a number of

tributaries and smaller rivers. The most important of these are River

Sosa. River Ona, River Ibu, River Ofiki, River Oni and River Yewa.

HEADQUARTERS AND LOCATION

The headquarters of Ogun Osun River Basin Development Authority is�

located on a 236ha estate along Alabota road off Ibadan Abeokuta�

highway, Abeokuta in Ogun state. It has three other offices located at

Osogbo (Osun state), Ibadan (Oyo state) and Ikeja (Lagos state) as well

as Liaison office at Gwarinpa in Abuja

FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES OF OGUN OSUN RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY�

(O ORBDA)�

O ORBDAS enabling decree No35 of 1987 spells out it statutory� �

functions and activities as follows:

To undertake comprehensive development of both surface and underground

water resources for multi purpose use; with particular emphasis on�

provision of irrigation infrastructures and the control of flood erosion

and for watershed management.

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To construct, operate and maintain dams, dykes, polders, wells,

boreholes, irrigation, drainage system and other necessary for

achievement of the authoritys functions and as well as hand over all land�

to be cultivated under irrigation scheme to farmers.

To supply water from the authority completed storage schemes for a fee to

be determined by the authority concern with the approvsl of the honorable

minister of water resources.

To construct, operate and maintain infrastructural services as roads and

bridges linking project sites provided that such infrastructural services

are included in and form integral part of the list of approved projects.

To develop and keep up to date comprehensive water resources master plan,

identifying all water resources requirement in the Authoritys area of�

operation and enhancement of proper management.

ADMINISTRATION AND DEPARTMENTS

The management comprises the managing director, four executive

directors and all heads of divisions or units. The Authority has four

operational departments, each headed by an executive director reporting

to the managing director, namely

Engineering department

Finance and Administration department

Planning and design department.

Agricultural and commercial services department.

Each of the departments mentioned above has a number of divisions or

units under them while the managing director has five units whose leads

report to the managing director periodically. One of the Dam constructed

by Ogun Osun River Basin Development Authority is the Oyan Dam.�

OYAN RIVER DAM.

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While listening to presentation at the Head office of Ogun Osun�

River Basin Development Authority, one of the resource persons said Oyan�

river dam was constructed by the Authority. Shortly after the�

presentation, we were taken to the site of location of Oyan Dan in

Abeokuta North Local Government Area.

One of the resource persons took us round the Dam, lecturing and guiding

and made us to know the economic impact of Oyan River Dam on the people

of Abeokuta North L.G.A. The socio-economic impacts are both positive and

negative.

POSITIVE IMPACTS

Supply of raw water

Irrigation agriculture

Flood control

Erosion

Diversion of Oyan River has led to land reclamation.

NEGETIVE IMPACTS

Spread of diseases from reservoir

Lost of habitant

Displacement of 22 villages as a result of weeks continuous rainfall

experienced in 2012

Environmental degradation

Loss of Aquatic habitat.

PROBLEMS FACING OGUN OSUN RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.�24

The following are the problem militating against the activities of

the Ogun Osun River Basin Development Authority:�

Inadequate Funding: Inadequate Funding by the government has resulted in

the inefficiencies of the Dam. A Dam is constructed amongst other�

purposes to generate electricity but from observation and fact, the Oyan

Dam is far from such as a result of inadequate funding to harm the

potentials of the Dam.

Unhealthy Environment: the environment around the dam is not health

friendly as it continues to produce foul smell due to lack of proper

management.

Shortage of manpower: there is shortage of qualified personnels to man�

the various section of the dam. Also there is abrupt shortage of

personnel with the technical marquette needed for the appropriate

functioning and maintenance of the dam.

THE OGUN STATE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (OGADEP)

The agricultural sector generally has been disappointing in most

developing nations and more particularly in Africa. According to Zuvekas

(1979), African nations have poorest records of per- capital food

production and per capital total agricultural production compared to

other nations of the world.

OGADEP

In an attempt to tackle the problem of food shortage, low output in

agricultural produce and as well as create employment for the teaming

youth, the Ogun state government under the ministry of agriculture25

development programme with the vision to become the centre of excellence

and point of reference for agriculture extension delivery and rural

transportation in Nigeria and sub- Sahara Africa.

THE MANDATE OF OGADEP

The parastatal is saddle with the mandate of improving farmers�

knowledge and skills, promoting the adoption of improved agricultural

production practices along the entire value chain, provide rural

infrastructures that support Agricultural practices thereby facilitating,

increased agricultural production and industrialization in line with the

agenda of the government.

THE MISSION OF OGADEP

The mission of OGADEP is majorly to increase agricultural

production, farmers productivity and incomes along the commodity, value�

chain, through disseminating of improved and proven technologies using

international best practiced and innovations in an environment

sustainable manner.

SUB DIVISION OF OGADEP

The Ogun state agricultural development programme operates a seven

sub-programme (department) structure to facilitate the accomplishment of

set goals: there includes

Administration and Supplies, Finance and Account, Extension services,

Technical Services, Engineering Service, Research and Training, Planning,

Monitoring and Evaluation (PME)

The Ogun state Agricultural development programme operates in the three

sectional districts while the head quarters at Idi aba, Abeokuta while�

the zonal offices are scattered across the state, Kotopo, Sagamu, Ijebu

Ode and Ilaro.

OPERATIONAL NETWORK OF OGADEP

26

There are four to eight block extension offices per zone; each one

is manned by a block extension supervisor (BES) who in turn supervises 4 �

8 villages extension agents (VEA)�

Each block also has a block extension agent (BEA) especially for

developing and promoting women in Agriculture (WIA) activities. In� �

order to ensure efficiency and in line with three mandate of the agency,

each zone is headed by a zonal manager coupled with a team of subject

matter specialist in the following:

Agronomy/Agro forestry and Sustainable land management.

Crop protection.

Women in agriculture.

Livestock and fishery.

FUNCTION OF OGADEP

The functions of the agency are as follows

To facilitates increase in food production, productivity and income

of farmers

Establishment of a better link between research extension and

farmers and initiate the development of appropriately tailored

technologies for farmers

Promotion of improved and proven agricultural technologies along the

value chain, with special focus on the priority crops for which Ogun

state had comparative advantage.

Sensitization and mobilization of farmers for dry season production

through provision of necessary in puts.

Co-operation with other state agencies for overall development of

the agricultural/rural sector of the state.

Improve water supply to all rural sector of the population as well

as promoting maintenance of facilities.

27

To monitors and evaluate agricultural production prospects and

constraints with a view to proffering appropriate policy,

prescription to enhance food security.

STRATEGIES EMPOLYED BY OGADEP TO ACHIEVE HER GOALS

Implementation of a combination of supply and demand driven

extension /advisory services through regularly trained and

adequately motionated staff

Result based extension services with critical appraised indicators

Promotion of dry season food production potential by developing

small scale irrigation facilities

Promotion of low-rice cultivation to boost overall output in Ogun

state in consonance with the rice transformation agenda.

Conduct of studies and surveys as basis for creating a data base

planning purposes and decision making

Fostering institutional linkage/synergy for enhanced rural

transformation

PROJECT INITIATED BY OGADEP

Root and tuber extension project (RTEP) the main thrust of root and

expansion project is to enhance national food self sufficiency and

improved rural household food security and income for poor farmers within

the southern and middle belt states of the country

OBJECTIVE OF RTEP

Root and tuber extension overall objectives is to increase small

holders production, processing/preservation and marketing of cassava,

yam, potato and cocoyam, under the root and tuber extension programme

(RTEP), a state Agro-processing and market expansion group was setup as

28

this has strived to implore markets for the root and tuber crops by

linking the farmer/rural process and fabricators with industrial and

users.

IMPACT OF OGADEP PROJECTS

Reduction in level of absolute poverty among FADAMA II beneficiaries

from 5% - 6% as at the time of the mid term report in 2007 �

As a result of the rehabilitation of rural roads, there is reduction

in means of travel time by rural farmers

Increased in marketable surplus of agricultural produce

Youth empowerment and jobs creation among unemployed graduates

Adaptation in agricultural innovation in terms of new technologies

and agro chemicals usage.

CHALLEGES FACING OGADEP

Dilapidated training halls in the headquarters and zonal offices

across the state.

Inadequate storing equipment for agricultural data collected

Lack of man power and inadequate staffing in terms of enumeration

officers, supervisors and technical staff

The problem of logistic and late release of funds which tends to

hinder some of the projects.

URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN ABEOKUTA

29

An urban area is an area having high population density and performs

high order functions. Urbanization is an increase in population of an

area over time. This increase is due to migration of people from rural to

the urban centres. Urbanization causes change in the physical set up of

the urban area which includes change in size, settlement form, Housing

pattern, etc. Urbanization causes pressure at the centre of a region

which may tent to different problems. Therefore to solve these problems,

there is a need for urban development. Urban development should be guided

by sustainable planning to promote development of the area.

In Abeokuta the present government has marked 37,000 hectares of land

for development of new town as to help control the pressure in Abeokuta.

In the cause of our research study our own was to know the level of

urban development in Abeokuta in context of transportation system urban

renewal, marketing system and availability of social amenities. Based on

transportation system the government has been able to widen and developed

foot paths that were major transport routes in the old times to become

arterial roads. The government is also involved in the construction of

bridges and express ways to ease the movement of people and goods and

also to reduce congestion. The government has also established mass

transportation services. Light rails are also constructed to help ease

movement of people and to develop the transportation system in Abeokuta

In terms of marketing, the influence of urban development has caused

a change in the type of market that had existed the rural market that had

existed has being developed into primary market where goods are sold in

large quantities. They have also being changed from periodic market to

daily market. Example is the Lafenwa market. However it is Observed that

the villagers despite the influence of urban development, prefer the

market to be at the point where it had existed before and not to be

changed example is the Itoku Market. New market have also being developed

30

specifically to sell a particular type of product or goods An example is

the Asero international Campala market which sells only Adire (a

Traditional cloth in the Yoruba land). The government in making effort to

encourage urban development has built a modern market in Abeokuta called

the Ultra Modern Market at Udo.

Another area where the government has tried to promote urban

development is based on Urban renewal. Urban renewal means the process by

which an urban neighbourhood or area is improved and rehabilitated. It

means redeveloping no longer functional urban area. Urban renewal

involves the demolition or renovation of building, relocation of business

area and people.

A visit to the Ministry of Urban and town planning in Ogun state during

the field work, we were lectured on the steps which the government is

taking or has taken to redevelop building in different communities in

Abeokuta. A regional plan was developed to show the structure of some

communities and it was observed that most villages were faced with

similar problems which includes: no electricity, no accessiblility poor

housing structure, indiscriminate dumping of refuse etc. to solve those

problems, faced by the communities which Lafenwa, Ilaro, Abeokuta,

Sagamu, Panseke, etc. the government devised some methods how to tackle

the problems. Some of the option used includes:

To do nothing

Total clearance and redevelopment of neighbourhood which is done by

the government only.

Environment approach which is based on joint effoert of the

government and community to facilitate redevelopment of the area.

IMEKO

31

Imeko is a small spred out village in a hilly region of Ogun state.

It is a small rural community located in Imekon-Afon local government

area in the west of Ogun state which borders the Republic of Benin.

Imeko also serves as the headquarter of the Imekon-Afon local government

at coordinate 702900N, 2� �� 05300E / 7.48333� � 0N 2.883330E

VEGETATION

The Vegetation of Imeko is a mixture of savannah belt and sparse

forest which in mainly suitable for cattle rearing and cultivation of

some selected crops. Most people are engaged in the cultivation of

tomatoes and cassava being the most predominates.

ECONOMY

Farming is the main economic activity. The economy is agro base

which also accounts for the large quantity of cassava and tomatoes grown

in the area. Cotton grown in the village supplies the yaru tread and

textile industries in Benin republic. Other crops include pepper, maize,

groundnut, yam, vegetables, cocoa, cashew etc.

CLIMATE

The climate is tropical with a raining season commencing around

March and ending of November.

LOCATION

Imeko is located in Imeko-Abon local government which was created

from the old Egbado north local government in December 1996 during the

military regime of General Sanni Abacha. The land is about 1771.43 square

kilometers. The land is rolling with small hills rising between 15 to 70

meters above sea level. The yewa river runs through the area from North

to south with tributaries, the river Oyan and river Oha. It bounded in

the North by the Oyo state to the east by Abeokuta North local government

and the south by Yewa, while it shares border with the republic of Benin

in the west the international border in 93km (58ml)

32

THE PEOPLE

The people are mostly Yorubas of Ketu origin but there are

significant number of Ohori and Egun speaking people. As a border

community, other West African people also live in the community including

a substantial number of Hausa, Fulani nomad

SETTLEMNT PATTERN

The settlement tends to follow simple linear pattern and in some

section dispersed. The linear can be attributed to the major road running

across the community. The farm steads which make up the dispersed�

settlement are often surrounded by small irregular shape fields.

TOURIST ATTRACTION

The village is endowed with varieties of tourist attractions which

range from celestial city which is the headquarters of celestial

Christian church, JASATA forest etc.

HOUSING IN IMEKO

Imeke Afon is an agricultural based community and as such can be

classified as a rural area the pattern of settlement at the centre at

imeko is a linear nucleated pattern in which settlement exist along the

road which are majorly primary road while towards the fingers of the town

at Afon the pattern is more of a linear dispersed pattern of settlement

with houses and farm stead built along the road and widely spaced.

Housing in these area are mostly made from durable easily to get local

materials such as clay to build walls, iron sheet and to a lesser extent

abettors roofing sheets and at the finger thatched roof is common. The

process of Urbanization and urban renewal that is occurring at the centre33

of the town has brought about construction of houses using sand crates

and concretes blocks for the walls and corrugated aluminum sheet for the

roofing of these houses.

Generally the condition of these area is low with age been a major

factor that is affecting the structures but one major problem faced in

Imeko afon is the provision of amenities and infrastructure. For example

water supply is an issue in this area that people go a long distance

passing hard terrain to get to the Osuuru Spring which is the major

source of water supply.

ADIRE PRODUCTION

Adire cloth originated from Egbaland as a traditional

entrepreneurship passing from one generation to another. Although

creation of new ideas and ways of doing things has done more good than

harm by transforming the local craft into modern entrepreneurship. From

the data analysis it is still common to find more Yorubas in the

business, especially in Kemta market than any other ethnic groups which

was not included in saheed Zakarees work in 2013.

Like most of the small scale business in developing countries. Capital

has been a major challenge facing this investment as most of producers

and traders hopes on government, individuals or cooperate body for funds.

Most of the chemicals used in the production of this cloths are

dangerous to human health, and the environment were these clothes are

produce, were never kept clean. Return on investment is not determined by

the size of investment rather marketing effort. Most of the traders in

Kemta market attend this market on a daily basis. Some travel to kano

state to get their raw materials and some depends on those that brought

in their raw materials in Abeokuta Ogun state.

34

Majority of these traders inherited their shops from their parent.

Although training is open to anyone that is willing to learn.

This craft has been a source of employment and income to many people

including the designers, tailors, and others low skilled labours and at�

least provide source of livelihood to the people of the area. Most of

their finished goods are bought by itinerant and based on cash not credit

FAITH BASED GEOGRAPHY

These are various views held by individual, groups, community,

organization etc. on the feature, origin and nature of earth and other

phenomenon. Basically all tradition have their own belief on earth

origin, the christians, muslim and other group are not left out. �

Faith is the strong belief in something, object concept, without

questioning, such belief is not subject to verification and empirical

investigation. The Bible (Christians Holy Book) defined faith as the� �

substance of things hope for the evidence of things not seen (Hebrew�

11:1). Geography on the other hand deals with the study of the earth

physical, cultural and human features in space.

Faith based geography deals with the study of the relationship between

religious belief and geographical phenomenon in space. These links or

relationship could be explained under the following biblical concept or

quotations.

1. Let there be light (Genesis 1:3): The creator (God) is believed to

be the sole architect that made the world with His spoken word.�

Geographically, this light is also refers to as the sun (Solar

system) which supply enery to the earth and other planet.

2. Let the earth come out of the water (Genesis 1: 9 10): geographers�

believe that the earth could also be referred to as Land. The

presence of underground water has also shown that the earth

35

originated from water. It has also been observed that water occupy

more than 70% of the earth landmass or area.

3. Noahs Flood (Genesis 6:17, 7:4,10,12,17 19): Gleason L. Arches� �

Denslete the Hebrew word for earth eret as used in (Genesis 6:17)� �

meaning Land while Tebel (whole expanse of the earth) was not used.� � � �

To geographers flooding occurs as a result of excessive rainfall,

caused by depletion of the ozone layer leading to high temperature

(Evapouation), fast condensation and precipitation(Global warming)

other causes could be anthropogenic.

4. Abraham and Lot Movement(Genesis 12:1,5 6): To geographers such�

movement is known as permanent movement which is also classify as

international migration(movement from country to country), example,

Abraham move from Land of Ur to Haran through Babylon, Syria,

Lebanon to Canaan (Israel) between Kadesh and Shur (Genesis 20:1)

near Jordan.

5. Isrealite movement (genesis 32:28, 35:10, Exodus 12: 30 36, 40 42)� �

such movement can be refred to as Mass permanent migration or

movement (movement from one area without coming back) international

movement (movement to another Country) and inter-continental

migration (movement from Africa( Egypt) to between Asia and Europe (

Middle east). �

6. Seven years Drought in Egypt (Genesis 41:29 31): Geographically�

desert encroachment (Desertification) might have taken place

resulting to serious famine, low or absence of rainfall etc. it has

been observed that Egypt main farming practice is via irrigation.

7. Sun standstill (Joshua 10: 12 15): Geographers, explain this using�

the concept solstice, which is derived from the Latin word sol(sun)

and sister(to standstill). This is because at the Sols tied, the sun

stand still in declination seasonal movement of the suns path (as�

36

seen from the earth) comes to stop before reversing direction it is

an astronical event that occur twice each year (March 20th and June

21st), as the sun reach its highest excursion relative to the

celestial equator on the celestial sphere.

8. Water from the earth moves up and from it came down (Job36:27 28,�

Amos 9:6, Ecl 1:7, Job 37:16): Geographically, the above statement

and verse corresponds with the explanation of the Hydrological

cycle.

9. The shape of the Earth(Isa 40:22, Job26:10): Geographers agree with

the Bible that the shape of the earth is Spherical using proves such

as circum navigation, sunrise and sunset, ship visibility, lunar�

eclipse and most recent aerial photographs.

10. Darkness after the death of Jesus(Matt27:45, mark 15:33): from

the geographers point of view the three hours darkness was as a�

result of Eclipse of the sun i.e. the moon comes between the earth

and the sun.

In a nutshell there are several links or relationship when religion

postulations of Bible, Quran etc. are in harmony with geographical

studies and other discipline.

37

CHAPTER FIVE

DATA ANALYSIS

QUANTITATIVE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF TOURISM RESEARCH IN ABEOKUTA, OGUN

STATE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ANALYSIS

RESPONDENT SEX

ITEMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

MALE 33 72 72 72FEMALE 13 28 28 100TOTAL 46 100.00

38

INCOME BRACKETS

ITEMS(N FOR NAIRA)

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

0 - 7500 11 24.44 24.44 24.447500 -1500 11 24.44 24.44 48.8815001 - 30000 10 22.22 22.22 71.1030001 - 60000 9 20.00 20.00 91.1060001 -120000

2 4.44 4.44 95.54

120000 &ABOVE

1 2.22 2.22 97.76

NIL 1 2.22 2.22 100.00TOTAL 45 100.00

LOCAL AND FOREIGN VISITOR ANNUAL PERCENTAGE

ITEMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

LOCAL 2730 75.73 75.73 75.73FOREIGN 870 24.13 24.13 99.86NIL 5 0.14 0.14 100.00

39

TOTAL 3605 100.00

ABEOKUTA MARKET ADIRE DISTRIBUTION

PERSONAL / DEMOGRAPHIC

RESPONDENT SEX

ITEMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

MALE 6 21 21 21FEMALE 23 79 79 100TOTAL 29 100.00

MONTHLY INCOME

ITEMS(N FOR NAIRA)

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

BELOW 5000 3 13.64 13.64 13.645001 - 10000 5 22.73 22.73 36.3710001 15000� 1 4.55 4.55 40.9215001 20000� 1 4.55 4.55 45.47ABOVE 20000 11 50.00 50.00 95.47

40

NOT PRECISE 1 4.55 4.55 100.00TOTAL 22 100.00

HOW LONG HAVE BEEN BUSINESS

ITEMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

25 30� 8 32 32 3220 25� 3 12 12 4415 20� 2 8 8 5210 15� 3 12 12 645 - 10 4 16 16 800 5� 4 16 16 96ABOVE 30 1 4 4 100TOTAL 25 100

ADIRE PRODUCTION RESEARCH ANALYSIS YEARLY SAVINGS

ITEMS(N FOR NAIRA )

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

0 - 10000 3 12 12 1210000 - 20000 2 8 8 2021000 - 30000 3 12 12 3231000 - 40000 2 8 8 4041000 - 50000 6 24 24 64ABOVE 50000 5 20 20 84NIL 4 16 16 100TOTAL 25 100.00

41

NUMBER OF YEARS LIVED IN THE COMMUNITY

ITEMS(YEARS)

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE VALID % CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE

SINCE BIRTH 11 47.83 47.83 47.83OVER 20 5 21.74 21.74 69.5715. 20.� 2 8.70 8.70 78.2710. -14. 3 13.04 13.04 91.315. 9.� 0 0 0 91.310. -4. 2 8.70 8.70 100.00TOTAL 23 100

The quantitative frequency analysis of Tourism research in Abeokuta,

Ogun state in reference to the socio-economic and demographic profile

analysis from the above table and graphs shows that more male respondent

was given the questionnaires or rather the students came in contact with

more male respondents at the time and day of the field study. This42

figure demographically would therefore infer that the Ikija community

male population seems to be higher or that it is higher than those of the

females. The age respondent table also shows that there are more youth or

young persons living in the community and also; the age respondent table

also reflects that the community has more working or labour force

population put together than that of the children or elder populations on

a group to group basis who are regarded as the dependent population.

Going by the marital status table, it is obvious that the

married persons in Ikija community are more than the single, separated,

divorced and the put together and this figure entail that the people

believe strongly and have respect for marriage and the married which from

the table figure the people are more encourage to married and remain

married as seen on the table. With this figure one could immediately

infer that the area and community is an healthy place for tourism, in the

sense that one could a sense of responsibility in the people of the

community because being married is adduced to be a responsible behaviour

and most tourists are looking to visit places where you have people with

such nature and sense of responsibleness.

43

CHAPTER SIX

RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

There is no gain saying the fact that tourism is one of the major key as

far rvenue generation is concerned. Against this background, good roads

should be constructed in areas where these tourist centers are located so

as to ease the difficulty of accessibility. Good road is one of the

indices used to identify a city. The Olumo rock is located in the

ancient city of Abeokuta in other word it is the heart of Abeokuta. The

route leading to mount of salvation at Imeko as well as the Osuuru spring

44

is nothing to write home about. When good road are constructed leading

to these tourist center, it brings about the general development of the

area.

Again, the issue of power supply is paramount to the effective and

efficient running of the tourist industry. The government of Ogun state

should ensure that there is constant power supply at these tourist

centers. This will make the site more convince for the tourist and this

has a way of attracting more people to visit the tourist center.

Also the infrastructural facilities in term of building surrounding

the Olumo rock are too archaic. These give the natural tourist center an

ugly look. Modern and fascinating structure should be constructed to

replace the very old buildings located very close to the tourist site. In

the case of Otapele mount of salvation and Osuuru spring, these two

places completely lack everything that identifies the place as tourist

center apart from the natural features. There are no rest room, no

recreational facilities etc. The government of Ogun state should invest

in developing the Osuuru natural spring as well as the Otapele mount of

salvation. Relaxation centers should be constructed and recreational

facilities provided so that these places can roll with other tourist

centers in the world. Good road should be constructed leading to the

Osuuru spring.

There is need for the government to enlighten the people the

implication of some of these chemicals and dirty environment

In order to improve this sector the government of Ogun state needs

to assist this sector with fund if they must grow rapidly and solve

some unemployment issue in the state.

This sector need modernized production equipment and infrastructure,

this will positively affect production quality, quantity and

improves sales output.

45

A good welfare package should be put in place to encourage the

producers and traders.

The Government should draw them closer to learned centres and create

opportunities for interaction. This exposure might broaden their

horizon

Government should establish modernize Adire textile industry that will

employed reasonable number of youth. This may fight crimes and other

vices in the state that may suffer as the result of unemployment.

46

REFRENCE

Ajibade W.A, Adeyemo O.K, Agbaje S.A(2010) coprological survey and inventory of

animals at obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan zoological garden. Word

Journal zoology.

Greeeger M. (2007). The human/ animal interface emergency and resurgence of zoonotic

infectious diseases. Critical reviews in micro biology.

Insightdestination.com/Ogun.htm/

Agbu.C (2002), Tourism as the next boom.

The Gaurdian pg. 63 (sept.9).

world book enclopaedia(1997), importance of tourism (Vol. 19 pg.311) Chicago. World

book international- world book inc

47