FINAL REPORT - Asian Development Bank

Strengthening Decentralised Support for

Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected Families

and Children

JFPR 9110 NEP

Project No.: 40115-015

FINAL REPORT

July 2012

1

ABBREVIATIONS 3

1. GENERAL INFORMATION 4

1.1 Project Basic Data 4

1.2 Document 4

1.3 Project Area and Location 4

1.4 Project Objectives, Outcome and Outputs 5

1.5 Project Components 5

1.6 Estimated Cost and Financing Plan 6

2. BACKGROUND 7

2.1 Inception Report 7

2.2 ADB Review and Consultation Missions 7

2.3 Project Steering Committee (PSC) Meetings 8

2.4 Technical Working Group (TWG) 9

2.5 Project Milestone Targets 9

2.6 Project Implementation Manual (PIM) and Grant Implementation Manual (GIM) 9

3. COMPONENT-WISE PROGRESS REPORT 10

3.1 Component 1: In-Depth Assessment 10

3.2 Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standards 10

3.3 Component 3: Capacity Building 10

3.3.1 Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work (PGDSW) 11

3.3.2 Training of Trainers (TOT) for Mid-Level District Officials 12

3.3.3 District Level TOT on Social Protection 12

3.3.4 Civil Society and CBO Courses 14

3.3.5 Advocacy and Information Materials 17

a. Wall Calendar 17

b. Radio Programmes 18

3.4 Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment) 18

3.4.1 High-Level Orientation 19

3.4.2 District Project Steering Committee (DPSC) Meetings 19

3.4.3 Selection of Facilitating NGO Partners 20

3.4.4 District-Level Orientation on Project Implementation Mechanism 21

3.4.5 VDC-Level Consultative Meeting 21

3.4.5.1 Achham District 22

3.4.5.2 Banke District 22

3.4.5.3 Bardiya District 23

3.4.5.4 Rolpa District 23

3.4.5.5 Rukum District 24

3.4.6 Identification of Beneficiary Families through Participatory Approach 24

3.4.7 Skill Enhancement and Business Development Training 25

3.4.8 Cash Grant to Beneficiary Families 26

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3.4.8.1 Income Generating Activities (IGA) of Beneficiary Families 26

3.4.9 Value Chain Activities 27

3.5.9.1. Research and consultation 27

3.4. 10 Income Generation- Fertilizer, Seeds, etc Grant 28

3.4.11 Grant for Artisans – Working Capitals, Tools, and Training 28

3.4.12 Cash Grant to Families with Disabled Members 28

3.4.13 Community Infrastructure Fund in Social Sector 29

3.4.14 On-the-Spot Technical Backstopping and Material Support 30

3.4.15 Need-Based Priority Interventions 30

3.4.16 Meetings with Facilitating NGO Partners 30

3.5 Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration 30

3.5.1 Baseline Survey 31

3.5.2 Project Progress Reports 32

3.5.3 Mid-Term Evaluation 32

3.5.4 Final Evaluation 34

4. FINANCIAL REPORT 35

4.1 Status of Project Expense disbursed through ASI 35

4.2 Status of Project Expense disbursed through DWC 36

5. CONCLUSION 37

5.1 Project - At a Glance 38

3

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB - Asian ADB Development Bank

A&I - Advocacy and Information

ASI - Adam Smith International

CBO - Community Based Organization

CDO - Chief District Officer

DCWB - District Child Welfare Board

DDC - District Development Committee

DG - Director General

DGCRMCC - District Gender and Child Rights Mainstreaming Coordination Committee

DPSC - District Project Steering Committee

DWC - Department of Women and Children

EA - Executing Agency

GIM - Grant Implementation Manual

IA - Implementing Agency

IDP - Internally Displaced People

IGA - Income Generating Activity

ILO - International Labour Organization

JFPR - Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction

LDO - Local Development Officer

M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation

MOWCSW - Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare

NGO - Non-Governmental Organization

NGOCC - Non-Governmental Organization Coordination Committee

NRM - Nepal Resident Mission

PGDSW - Post Graduate Diploma in Social Work

PIU - Project Implementation Unit

PMO - Project Management Office

PSA - Public Service Announcements

PSC - Project Steering Committee

SC - Steering Committee

SP - Service Partner

TOT - Training of Trainers

UNHCR - United Nations High Commission for Refugees

UNICEF - United Nations Children’s Fund

VDC - Village Development Committee

WCO - Women and Children Office/ Officer

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year of the Government of Nepal ends on 15 July.

(ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

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1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1 Project Basics

Project Acronym JFPR 9110 NEP

Project Number 40115-015

Project Title Strengthening Decentralised Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected

Families and Children

Financed by Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction through Asian Development Bank

Grant Recipient Government of Nepal

Grant Number JFPR 9110 NEP

Grant Period 10 February 2008 15 July 2012

Project Executive Agency Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare

Implementing Agency Department of Women and Children (DWC), Lalitpur

Project Director Keshav Prasad Regmi, DG, DWC

Project Manager Shanta Bhattarai, Under Secretary, DWC

Consultant Adam Smith International (ASI), London

Team Leader Sudeep Bahadur Singh, ASI

ADB Task Manager Gi Soon Song, Social Sector Specialist, ADB Manila

1.2 Document

Document Title Final Report

Reporting Period 10 February 2008 to 15 July 2012

Author(s) & project role Sudeep Bahadur Singh - Team Leader, Shanta Bhattarai - Project Manager,

Bipa Shrestha Tuladhar - Project Officer

1.3 Project Area and Location

The Project covers approximately 4,000 households residing in the following 5 districts1, spread across

31 village development committees (VDCs):2

Achham: Baradadevi, Bhatakatiya, Dhakari, Dhaku, Kalagaun, Kuika

Banke: Baijapur, Bethahani, Binauna, Gangapur, Mahadevpuri, Naubasta, Phattepur

Bardiya: Badalpur, Dhadhawar, Mohamadpur, Motipur, Patabhar, Thakurdwara

Rolpa: Gam, Jelwang, Kureli, Mirul, Thabang, Uwa

Rukum: Chunbang, Hukum, Khara, Mahat, Pipal, Ranmamaikot

1 Based on the seriousness of the conflict and its aftermath, the Project Steering Committee selected these five

target districts. 2 The criteria for selection of VDCs was based around selection of villages with higher densities of conflict affected

families and the level of poverty based on Disadvantaged Groups (DAG) ranking provided by UNICEF and the

Ministry of Local Development. A VDC comprises up to 9 wards. A ward comprises about 4 settlements. A

settlement comprises 25–50 households. Average household size is 5.27 persons. An average VDC would have a

population of about 8000-10000.

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1.4 Project Objectives, Outcome and Outputs

The objective of the Project is to strengthen the legal framework and capacity for decentralized service

delivery and to pilot an effective child and family protection and support system in five conflict-affected

districts of Nepal, with special focus on quality, participation, and sustainability.

The project's outcome is the improved situation of conflict-affected and vulnerable families and children

in a sustainable manner with major outputs as follows:

i. 4,000 conflict-affected and vulnerable families and their children receive support to develop

their capacity to generate sufficient income to be lifted out of hard-core poverty.

ii. The capacity to develop, plan, and deliver social welfare services is improved with the training of

100 professionals.

iii. The Government is supported in its attempts to improve the quality of social services for the

poor through elaboration of legal regulations on quality standards and licensing.

iv. The Government and other available basic services like education and health care have been

assessed and show improved availability, accessibility, and relevance to people’s lives, which are

measurable through the increased number of recipients.

v. The Government finds the Project worth supporting for scaling up, and indicates this through

approval of continued financial support after the project ends.

1.5 Project Components

The Project comprises five major components:

(1) Component 1: In-depth Assessment

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(2) Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standard

(3) Component 3: Capacity Development

(4) Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)

(5) Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration

1.6 Estimated Cost and Financing Plan

Table 1-1: Cost Estimates ($ millions)

Item Amount ($)

Base Cost

Component 1: In-Depth Assessment 62,000

Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standards 84,000

Component 3: Capacity Development 135,000

Component 4: Piloting Quality Services 1,446,700a

Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management, and Administration 412,500b

Incremental Costs 100,000

Other Financing* 500,000 c

Contingencies (7.5%) 150,000

Total 2,890,200

a $1,306,500 is borne out of the JFPR grant, while $110,200 from the Government and $30,000

equivalent is from community's in-kind contribution. b $262,500 is borne out of the JFPR grant, and $150,000 from the Government. c $300,000 IT grant funded by the Government of Korea and $200,000 in kind from UNICEF.

Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.

* Though initially envisaged, this support has been called off so the amount has been removed from the

Project Budget.

Table 1-2: Financing Plan ($ millions)

Funding Source Amount ($)

ADB from JFPR Grant 2,000,000

ADB from JFPR Administrative Budget (Incremental Costs) 100,000

Government 260,200

Community (in-kind) 30,000

Total 2,390,200

Source: Grant Implementation Manual, July 2010

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2. BACKGROUND

The design phase of the project was started in 2008, and the actual implementation of the project

started in 2010 with a considerable lag. After the Project Steering Committee (PSC) approval of the

Grant Implementation Manual (GIM) in August 2010 the project implementation gathered speed. It is

credible that despite time constraints and other attendant structural issues, the project was has

successfully implemented most of the activities originally envisaged in GIM. The subsequent sections will

elaborate upon the same:

2.1 Inception Report

An inception report was produced and submitted to ADB review mission on August 2008. The inception

report consists of three volumes. Volume I focused on the diagnostic analysis of circumstances and

opportunities within the target districts, and proceeds from these to the proposed project design and

implementation planning. Volume 2 included background information on the wider development

environment in Nepal, some commentaries from local consultants and appendices. Volume 3

constituted the legal inputs from the international lawyer.

2.2 ADB Review and Consultation Missions

ADB has closely monitored the project and through its review missions provided course correction and

its contribution in facilitating project implementation is acknowledged. Following are the missions which

ADB has undertaken till date:

Date Missions Outcomes

28 Jul. – 7 Aug. 2008 Inception Mission Programmes and activities were approved as per the Inception

Report submitted by ASI.

23 – 31 Mar. 2009 Review Mission GAR discussed.

PMO finalised.

Imprest account finalised.

6 – 12 Dec. 2009 Review Mission PIM presented and discussed.

Post Graduate course and Value chain discussed.

23 – 26 Feb. 2010 Consultation

Mission

ASI to sign contract with St. Xavier's College for PGDSW course and

DWC to select participants.

Commitment from DWC assured.

DWC agreed to carry out value chain activities.

Milestone target.

7 – 19 Jun. 2010 Review Mission Cancellation of component 2.

8 – 17 Nov. 2010

Review Mission Reallocation of remaining fund of Component 2 to other

components.

17- 21 Oct. 2011 Review Mission Extension of Project period by two months till 15 Jul. 2012.

Cancellation of second batch for PGDSW.

Gave directives to prepare guidelines for Community

Infrastructure activities.

Work on reallocation of budget from cancelled Component 2 and

remaining of Component 3

Revised budget on proposed changes in activities and utilization of

Contingency Fund

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2.3 Project Steering Committee (PSC) Meetings

Altogether ten PSC meetings were held during project period (see Annex 1 for list of PSC members).

These meetings were held to review progress, provide policy guidelines and approve work plans for

effective implementation of the project as follows:

SN Date Main Agenda Outcomes

1 24 Jun. 2008 Identifying the target districts Five districts - Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum-

were identified.

2 25 May 2009 Project Secretariat location

Project Implementation Units (PIU)

Project Secretariat was shifted from MOWCSW to DWC.

WCO itself was recognised as PIU at the target districts.

3 7 Jul. 2009 Work plan

NGO involvement

Component 2

Work plan endorsed.

NGOs to be mobilised at district level.

Revision of Component 2 under the discretion of

MOWCSW, CCWB, UNICEF and DWD.

4 17 Feb. 2010 Project Implementation Manual

(PIM)

Fiscal Budget of DWC

PGDSW course

PIM was endorsed.

Budget endorsed.

Participants for the course to be selected from the

government agencies.

5 13 Apr. 2010 PGDSW course Number of participants, selection process and criteria for

participants finalised.

6 3 Aug. 2010 Equivalency of PGDSW course

Cancellation of Component 2

Curriculum of PGDSW to be forwarded to the Ministry of

Education for approval and equivalency.

Process to be initiated and ADB to be requested for

reallocation of the remaining budget under component 2.

7 17 Aug.

2010 Endorsement of Grant

Implementation Manual (GIM)

GIM to replace PIM.

8 9 Jun. 2011 PGDSW course Priority to be given for acquiring equivalency of the

course.

Process to be initiated for selection of new batch and to

start the course.

9 29 Dec. 2011 Endorsement of :

— Activity budget and

Implementation Guideline

for 2068/69 (2011/12)

under Component 4

— Community Infrastructure

Development

Procurement Guideline

— Remaining activities under

Component 3

Proposed documents were endorsed.

Initial proposal of grant support to artisan families to be

cancelled.

Value chain of beneficiary families running business

activities to be increased through refresher training on

skill and business.

District level trainings on social protection and child

protection to be conducted in an integrated manner.

As no participation from GON ministries were sought for

second batch of PGD in Social Work, it is cancelled.

10 11 Jul. 2012 Endorsement of:

- Final Report

- Final Evaluation Report

Both reports were endorsed after incorporation of

comments.

Six months duration to be requested from ADB to sort out

expenses under Component 4 and submit final audited

report.

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To support entrepreneurship of target beneficiaries in

future, DWC to extend support through its regular

program where possible and continue efforts for

coordination and support through district-based service

providers.

2.4 Technical Working Group (TWG)

A Technical Working Group (TWG) comprising representatives from UNICEF, ILO, UNHCR, Save the

Children, Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB), DWC and ADB was envisaged as a loose informal group to

serve as a critical partner in reviewing the outputs, give advice on optimizing the results, and support

project in specific areas. The members of TWG were approached several times in context of inputs for

advocacy and information materials on social protection issues. Similarly, they were invited for inputs to

the value chain workshop organized at DWC. Their inputs were also sought during final project

evaluation workshop.

2.5 Project Milestone Targets

The project milestone targets were produced delineating milestone activities, budget and timeframe.

The set milestone shows project activities and tentative time for the work to be accomplished within the

project period. The milestone targets were approved for implementation by ADB and by the 3rd PSC

meeting but due to delay in the project execution and at the same time change of key authorities in all

respective concerned agencies, the set targets were revised.

2.6 Project Implementation Manual (PIM) and Grant Implementation Manual (GIM)

Project Implementation Manual (PIM) was produced in consultation with DWC. Major project activities,

working modality and work plan were endorsed by the 4th PSC meeting. The PIM was also produced in

Nepali to ensure stakeholders understand the concept and working modality, including all the necessary

details for project implementation at the local level.

Consequently, based on PIM, a Grant Implementation Manual (GIM) was also produced to help clarify

the details of implementation arrangements and fund flow between DWC and ASI. GIM included a

summary of costs, detailed cost estimates and incorporated necessary fundamental information from

the Grant Assistance Report (GAR).

The PSC endorsed GIM to replace PIM on 17 Aug. 2010. The GIM is the guiding document of the project

and outlines the following:

� provides concise and accurate details of grant implementation

� includes maps, charts and diagrams to illustrate the major activities

� specifies roles and responsibilities of Executing Agency, Implementing Agency and Consultants

� contains a logical framework with goal, purpose, indicators and output, target and key

assumptions, incorporating revision and changes

� promotes systematic monitoring and evaluation of grant implementation

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3. COMPONENT-WISE PROGRESS REPORT

3.1 Component 1: In-Depth Assessment

This study was meant to refine the project design based on more detailed assessment of the needs and

the local context to increase the effectiveness of the project. The study was completed in July 2008, and

three volumes of the inception report were produced as an output (see Annex 2 for executive summary

of the Inception Report).

3.2 Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standards

This component envisaged improving the legal situation of, and services for, vulnerable children such as

orphans and children separated from their families. The PSC agreed to cancel Component 2 on 15 Aug.

2010 as the above activities fell beyond the IA’s mandate and that other government agencies had

already undertaken majority of the activities. Consequently, ADB approved its cancellation on 3 Sept.

20103 and agreed for budget reallocation of cancelled Component during Review Mission 17- 21 Oct.

2011.

3.3 Component 3: Capacity Building

Sustainable improvements in livelihoods and the way out of poverty depends not just on small scale

grant finance or microfinance for beneficiary groups as has been done in the past through various

government programs, but more critically on the increased safety nets against certain catastrophic

livelihood destructing events and also enhancing skill level amongst individual households in sustainable

livelihood generation. The capacity development component supported this intent.

Implementation of this component envisaged a two pronged strategy: (i) Capacity development of

government agencies which are mandated to build social protection measures within the community (ii)

Skill development training to beneficiaries relevant to the asset they had created through project grant.

Capacity development initiatives were envisaged to provide high-level national policy advice and sector

monitoring expertise across a range of social protection system and thus one year Post-Graduate

Diploma in Social Work was conducted for 30 government officials. Similarly to complement this effort,

mid-level training of trainers (TOT) on social protection was held for 22 district-based officials. Similarly,

five district-level TOTs, covering issues from social protection to child protection, was provided to 153

district-level support providers. To increase awareness of support mechanisms and entitlements at

grass-roots level, 31 Civil Society and CBO Trainings were conducted to 1611 village level functionaries

providing awareness amongst groups that may be entitled to such support.

For the beneficiaries level skill development training was organized through field level NGOs active in

the project area and who had the wherewithal in terms of skill in imparting such training.

All these capacity building initiatives were complemented by development of Advocacy and Information

materials. This included publication and distribution of 6100 wall calendars, weekly radio programs for

3 As per Aide Memoire of JFPR 9110 NEP Project Review, 8-17 November, 2010

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six months in six FM stations and airing of radio jingles at least 10 times a day across these FM stations

for six months.

3.3.1 Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work (PGDSW)

This course was aimed at increasing the level of professionalism within the social services sector as a

whole, to make them sensitive to the depth and magnitude of the challenges of developing policy, and

to advocate proactive and preventive measures for the needy.

ASI signed a contract with St. Xavier's College (SXC) to institute a one-year PGDSW for two full academic

years, the first of its kind in Nepal. The course was designed to give senior and middle level managers

the requisite knowledge and skills to provide policy advice and sector monitoring expertise across a

range of social welfare disciplines. The course enabled students to acquire necessary knowledge on

methods and skills of social work. The course’s major subjects were - Sociology, Social Psychology,

Philosophy, Dynamics of Social Development, Human Rights and Law, People & Program Management,

Conflict Resolution and practical experience in scientific social research (see Annex 3a for course

curricula).

30 GoN employees, most of them Section Officers, were nominated by their respective ministries and

government agencies to attend the course (see Annex 3b for list of ministries that sent their nominees).

The course started from 5 July 2010. 28 out of 30 graduated with a diploma in July 2011.

As the course was not formally accredited by a university, the diploma was not recognized as an

academic degree and thus carried lesser value to the participating civil servants who could not use the

degree for their promotion. Therefore, government agencies were reluctant to commit their staff time

for the 1 year course. Despite many efforts to get formal affiliation with Tribhuvan University and other

alternatives, the process seemed lengthy and course completion period could extend beyond project

duration. Therefore, it was recommended by ADB Mission 17-21 October to cancel the second batch of

the course, which was later endorsed through the decision of 9th PSC meeting.

On the contrary, an informal and preliminary survey of the usefulness of the course by the first batch

participants suggested that the students found the course relevant and helpful. For example,

Manamaya Pangeni, a section officer from DWC claimed that the course broadened her knowledge and

enhanced her capability to understand social protection issues. Similarly, Srijana Gyawali, a non-gazetted

officer from Ministry of Health has reported that she is using the skills she learnt in her public outreach

works.

During 8th PSC meeting, Deputy Director of Education Department Rajya Laxmi Nakarmi, a

representative from the Ministry of Education, shared her views regarding the changes she found in

Kamala Gyawali, her junior at the office and a student of PGDSW. Ms. Nakarmi indicated that she had

observed a dramatic improvement in Ms. Kamala's work performance.

It is felt that the project bridged a critical gap regarding availability of good quality training for

government officials involved in social protection activities, and it would be a good idea if this is

formalized both through relevant accreditation and continued funding from domestic sources.

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3.3.2 Training of Trainers (TOT) for Mid-Level District Officials

To disseminate a wider knowledge of social welfare models, child rights and citizen entitlements at

district and VDC levels, the seven-day Training of Trainers (TOT) on Social Protection for Mid Level

District Officials was organized from 15 to 21st Aug. 2011, attended by 22 government officials from five

target districts (Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum) of the Mid and Far Western Regions of

Nepal. The participants represented Women and Children Office (WCO), District Child Welfare Board

(DCWB), District Development Committee (DDC), Office of the District Court and District Police Office of

their respective districts. Out of 22 participants, eight were women officers actively working in the social

welfare delivery system in their respective districts. It was expected that after completion of the training

Women Development Officers (WDO) of five districts would take up role as coordinators for District

Level TOT programs.

Initially, the total training days were 10, but after discussion in the PSC meeting the days were agreed to

be reduced from 10 to 7 as it was difficult for key district officials to leave their duty station for long

stretches. In addition, ADB approved for increase in number of participants from 15 to 25 to strengthen

human resource to conduct District Level TOT as the participants themselves were the resource persons

for district level TOT programmes.

The TOT was designed and delivered, by the team of five resource persons from the School of Social

Work at the Kadambari College in consultation with ASI. The training concentrated on providing to the

participants an insight into the basic social protection concepts and TOT Skills to deliver similar training

for VDC Secretaries, functionaries of NGO, multipurpose health workers and other representatives of

local police, judiciary and civil society at their respective districts. The program was conducted at the

Agricultural Development Bank Training hall in Nepalgunj.

In addition to in house trainers, Under Secretary of Department of Women and Children, Director of

Agriculture Development Bank, Banke; Chief of Child Protection Section, UNICEF Banke; Official from

Terre des Hommes-Nepalgunj; and an official from District Development Committee, Banke served as

resource person for the training program.

As per the post-training assessment of the participants, the training proved to be an excellent

opportunity to understand various aspects of Social Protection (Elder citizens, Women, Children,

Indigenous, Mental health and disability etc.) and TOT skills. Leadership, business Models, Poverty

Mapping, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Problem Definition, Project Cycle Management and Counseling

skills are some of the sessions rated very useful by the Participants (see Annex 4 for Mid Level TOT

evaluation by participants). At the end of the training, manual in Nepali language on TOT was distributed

to the participants so as to make it easier for the participants to conduct training at district level.

3.3.3 District Level TOT on Social Protection

To build on the information, knowledge and skills provided to lead trainers during Mid Level TOT, a 6-

day District Level Training on Social Protection issues were held successfully in all the five target districts

as one of the priority activity under this Component, from 3 to 13 January 2012.

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In GIM, three separate trainings have been suggested at District Level: i. District Level TOT, ii. Child

Rights Sensitization and iii. Child Care Homes Standards. After careful review, it was observed that the

three could be merged and thereby increases synergy, reduce duplicity and provide increased budgets

to do one comprehensive TOT at district level:

Hence, with prior approval from ADB, all three trainings were merged and one-time training were

conducted in each districts by increasing training days, number of sessions and adding specialized

sessions for child rights and child care homes standards (see Annex 5 for District Level TOT session plan).

Initially, training on Child Care Homes Standards was planned for three districts only. The merger helped

enhance knowledge in the remaining two districts also.

Following objectives were set forth to be achieved through the training:

1. To create a district level group of leaders who could provide wider in-depth knowledge of social

welfare guidelines that underpin policy development and key success factors in social welfare service

delivery; and who can provide training on these issues at local levels

2. To increase awareness on child rights and the risks of child abuse or exploitation; and to form a

pressure group to start raising awareness on this

3. To create a peer pressure group for addressing issues on child care homes standards

The participants of Mid Level TOT conducted the TOT sessions. Of the 6 days of training, one full training

day was conducted on various issues of child protection and child care home standards by Child

Protection Specialist, Mr. Madhav Pradhan in all five districts. Power point presentation, group

discussion, interaction, role play and field visit methods were used to enhance knowledge of the

participants on different social protection issues of Nepal.

A total of 153 participants (89 male and 64 female), which compiles to 100% participation from 31 target

VDCs of 5 project districts, attended the TOT course. Representation from Village Development

Committees (VDC), functionaries of NGOs, CBOs, social mobilisers and multipurpose health workers

were sought from the target VDCs. Similarly, representation of district level Peace Committees/Civil

Societies, Child Clubs, Women Police Cell, Judiciary, Journalists from local FM and Project

Implementation Units of Women and Children Offices were requested for the training. Details of the

number of participants date and venue is given in the following table 3.1:

Table 3.1 Details of District Level TOT on Social Protection

S.N. District (Venue) Date Number of Participants

Expected Attended M F

1 Achham (Mangalsen) 6-12 Jan. 2012 30 30 14 16

2. Banke (Nepalgunj) 3-8 Jan. 2012 33 33 19 14

3. Bardiya (Gulariya) 3-8 Jan. 2012 30 30 19 11

4. Rolpa (Liwang) 3-8 Jan. 2012 30 30 19 11

5. Rukum (Khalanga) 8-13 Jan. 2012 30 30 18 12

TOTAL 153 153 89 64

Major topics covered by the training were:

• Concepts on social protection with special emphasis to women, senior citizens, disabled,

conflict-affected and other marginalized and vulnerable groups

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• Introduction to child rights conventions and national scenario, child and human psychology with

reference to behavioral changes of children subject to abuse

• National standards and practices of Child Care Homes, child abuse, crimes against children, and

crimes by children

• Counseling services for victims

• Local referral mechanism and support agencies, roles and responsibilities to protect and prevent

rights violation by families, community, schools, social mobilisers and local authorities

• Problem solving techniques on different issues affecting community

• Community based research methodology and its use in community level

• Communication skill, community mediation, formation of peer pressure group with

development of action plan and facilitation skills

• Project monitoring and evaluation techniques and its use at local context

• Right to information

Teams in two groups were mobilized from the Project Management Office (PMO), Kathmandu. The team

reached all five training venues for observation and monitoring of the TOT. It was observed that in

addition to the knowledge gained through Mid Level TOT, the trainers used their own experience to

enhance the training. Participation from various line agencies helped foster greater interaction and

information sharing among the participants. Active participation was observed from the participants

during the sessions and good coordination by Women Development Officers.

Observation made by Child Protection Expert

Various issues related to children in family, communities and child care centers were discussed in their

rights and protection in the training program. The discussion and interaction among the participants

helped to explore ideas and experiences of child right, protection, development, participation and their

challenges and opportunities in the communities. Issues like state social policy on child rights, child

protection policy, alternative cares, code of conducts for social workers, family reintegration, etc. were

mainly focused in the program. As a whole, the program provided platform for the participants to know

and learn about present scenario of child care and protection and how to work together for the

betterment of children and children at risk. This visit and training program also remained remarkable to

strengthen relationship with various stakeholders.

3.3.4 Civil Society and CBO Courses

To create widespread awareness at local levels of social welfare support systems, the next phase of

capacity building initiatives on Civil Society and CBO Trainings was initiated. This step was targeted to

disseminate knowledge on social protection system at the local level and access to social services at the

grass roots level through 2-day trainings held at each of the 31 target VDCs. After the training, it was

expected that the participants would generate widespread awareness on social protection services at

local level and information on how to access such services, issues on child rights, child justice, raising

standards on child care homes, women’s rights and rights of marginalized communities. Participation

was requested from Village level functionaries, representatives of NGOs and CBOs, health workers,

school management committee, mother’s group, youth group, child club, political parties and local

authorities, peace committee, police and judiciary functionaries.

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31 trainings were held within 16 February to 6 Apr. 2012, including 6 in Achham, 7 in Banke, 6 in

Bardiya, 6 in Rolpa and 6 in Rukum district. More than 100% participation was reported and observed in

each of these trainings. Of the 1550 participants expected initially, a total of 1568 VDC- level participants

(770 female and 798 male) gained knowledge on various social protection measures taken by the

Government and service delivery mechanism at the local level (see Annex 6 for session plan). Of the

total participants, 180 came from Dalit families and 636 belonged to indigenous nationalities. See tables

3.2-3.6 for details:

Table 3.2 Achham District

SN VDC Date Participants

Expected Attended Female Male

1.1 Kala Gaon 21 - 22 Feb. 50 50 24 26

1.2 Dhaku 26 - 27 Feb. 50 50 14 36

1.3 Dhakari 28 - 29 Feb. 50 50 18 32

1.4 Bhatakatia 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 29 21

1.5 Barda Devi 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 13 37

1.6 Kuinka 24- 25 Feb. 50 50 20 30

TOTAL 300 300 118 182

Table 3.3 Banke District



2.1 Betahani 23-24 Mar. 50 50 21 29

2.2 Naubasta 17-18 Mar. 50 50 20 30

2.3 Baijapur 21-22 Mar. 50 50 22 28

2.4 Gangapur 25-26 Mar. 50 50 21 29

2.5 Binauna 19-20 Mar. 50 50 32 18

2.6 Mahadevpuri 27-28 Mar. 50 50 14 36

2.7 Fattepur 29-30 Mar. 50 50 32 18

TOTAL 350 350 162 188

Table 3.4 Bardiya District



3.1 Mohammadpur 16 – 17 Mar. 50 53 49 4

3.2 Thakurdwara 22– 23 Mar. 50 53 36 17

3.3 Dhadwar 25 – 26 Mar. 50 53 30 23

3.4 Motipur 19 – 20 Mar. 50 53 32 21

3.5 Badalpur 28 – 29 Mar. 50 53 30 23

3.6 Patabhar 1-2 April 50 53 30 23

TOTAL 300 318 207 111

Table 3.5 Rolpa District



4.1 Thabang 26-27 Mar. 50 50 20 30

4.2 Jailbang 26 – 27 Mar. 50 50 19 31

4.4 Kureli 16 – 17 Mar. 50 50 24 26

16

4.6 Mirul 21-22 Mar. 50 50 19 31

4.5 Gam 2-3 Apr. 50 50 9 41

4.3 Uwa 1-2 Apr. 50 50 24 26

TOTAL 300 300 115 185

Table 3.6 Rukum District



5.2 Khara 21- 22 Feb. 50 50 34 16

5.3 Mahat 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 27 23

5.5 Chunbang 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 17 33

5.6 Pipal 19 - 20 Feb. 50 50 32 18

5.1 Hukam 3-4 Apr. 50 50 29 21

5.4 Ranma Maikot 5-6 Apr. 50 50 29 21

TOTAL 300 300 168 132

The trainings were conducted by the participants of the district level training with coordination from

Women and Children Offices of respective districts. Presence of VDC Officials during these trainings

enhanced significance of the training. Each training day was divided into three sessions. Following major

issue were included in the training curriculum:

• Social security Policy and strategies of Nepal

• Special provisions by the Government of Nepal under the social security for vulnerable

community, especially women, children, disabled, senior citizens, marginalized and conflict-

affected

• Referral mechanism for access of such services

• Community based research methodology and its use at local level

• Counselling services and contact centres for victims of various discrimination

• Focus group discussion method and use

• Right to information

The trainers were able to inform the participants about the ongoing radio program on social protection

initiated by the project.

After the training, feedback on training content and management was requested from the participants.

It was reported and observed through field visits also, that the participants found the issues very

relevant to the local context. They commented that though the issues were known, the training was

successful in giving a whole new picture by linking it to social protection and everyday livelihood. They

all realized the training was able to create a pressure group for better service delivery at the local level.

The field visit and group work during the course also helped them get a practical knowledge on how to

interact with vulnerable beneficiaries and how to deal with sensitive social matters.

It was also realized that two days was very short to get better insight of all the issues shared during the

training. The participants have suggested to increasing number of days of the training in future.

Regarding group size, it was realized that group size of fifty was a bit large to manage and should be

limited to 30 per training. This training was received by the locals as an opportunity to clarify their

misconception on the benefits available to them, get a clearer idea about local social service delivery

system and processes to avail the services. Further, they also recommend that such trainings should be

17

organized in every VDC and at ward levels (grass root level) so that more people will get awareness on

their rights and benefits.

All the training material used for providing the aforesaid trainings is being collated in form of training

manuals and will be handed over to DWC so as to enable the same to be reused in other districts of

Nepal by the Department through domestic funding.

3.3.5 Advocacy and Information Materials

To supplement the capacity development initiatives, it was planned to develop information materials.

The aim of these materials were to make people avail of social protection services, social entitlements,

and other social benefits provided by the government, development agencies, and other social

organisations in the rural communities by raising their awareness through various means.

The contents of these materials would address questions such as:

� What are the existing social protection services and benefits – permanent and temporary – available

in the country?

� Who are entitled to receive such services?

� What are the necessary official documents one should have?

� How to access those services?

� Where to go?

Two types of information materials were produced by the project:

1. Wall Calendars- highlighting state-sponsored social protection benefits

2. Radio Program - A specially tailored live call-in radio programmes and public service

announcements (PSA) being aired by the FM stations of five project districts

a. Wall Calendar

English wall calendars (100 pieces) with dates and texts in English were printed and distributed to

various national and international organizations at the start of English New Year 2012. Similarly, 6000

pieces of Nepali Wall calendars following Nepali dates were printed and distributed to the project

beneficiaries, district-based stakeholders and to all 75 district offices of Nepal at the start of Nepali New

Year 2069 (2012). The calendars provide information on social protection benefits provided by the

government to the following vulnerable groups:

a. School children - Free primary education to children going to government schools

b. Women - Maternity allowance to mothers giving birth in a government hospital

c. Girl child - Benefits to families sending girl child to school

d. Single women - Allowance to widow and single women aged 60 and above

e. Senior citizens - Monthly allowance to senior citizens

f. Differently-abled - Special benefits to differently-abled citizens

These wall calendars have received good reviews from the governmental, non-governmental and

international organizations working in social protection sector. See Annex 7a for snapshots of English

and Nepali wall calendars.

18

b. Radio Programmes

Similarly, to raise awareness on various issues of social protection at project districts, half-hour talk

programs are being aired in six FM stations of five target districts on a weekly basis. The programs are

being aired at prime time (morning times) during Sunday, Monday or Wednesday and repeated after

one or two days depending on FM stations (see Annex 7b for FM stations and timing details).

In addition, six PSA (Public Service Announcements) or radio jingles relevant to the social protection

benefits provided by the Government of Nepal have been produced. They are being aired repeatedly

during the day (see annex 7b for media plan of Radio program and PSA airing).

The topic chosen for the month of February was 'free primary education' and for the month of March it

was 'maternity benefits'. Similarly 'widows and single women allowance' in April, 'allowance to senior

citizens' in May, while issues on 'girl child education' and 'facilities to differently abled' were dealt during

June and July programs.

The first week of these weekly programs explained about the benefits being provided by the

Government through interviews of local GON officials responsible for implementation of such programs.

Similarly during second week, they informed listeners on how such benefits could be acquired; what

were the necessary documents; who were entitled to such benefits; and where to contact. Interviews

with people who had and had not utilized such benefits were also included so that the listeners could

know more on how they received such services or why they could not avail such services, during the

third week. In the fourth week local officials responsible for social protection policies were invited for

interview where the problems raised through earlier programs could be addressed and policy feedback

could be provided.

The feedbacks from callers to the stations have shown that the programs are being viewed as a positive

step in creating awareness on local issues of social protection.

3.4 Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)

Most people in Nepal have been affected by the conflict either directly or indirectly. However, some

face greater risks than others due to loss of livelihood, loss of income due to disability or death of an

economically active family member, asset depletion or migration. The project through this component

aimed to provide conditional cash grant to 4,000 conflict-affected families to reduce their vulnerability

to income shocks. Furthermore, the component aimed towards sustainable economic empowerment of

vulnerable families by developing market linkages and creating income generation opportunities.

Following major activities were initially envisaged for implementation of the component:

• High-level orientation

• District Project Steering Committee meetings

• Selection of facilitating NGO partners

• District-level orientation on project implementation mechanism

• VDC level consultative meetings

• Identification of beneficiaries families through participatory approach

• Skill enhancement and business plan development training

• Value chain activities

19

• Cash grant to beneficiary families

• Income generation – fertilizer, seeds, etc grant

• Grant for artisans- working capitals, tools and training

• Cash grant to families with disabled members

• Community infrastructure fund in social sector

• On-the-spot technical backstopping and material support

• Need-based priority interventions

The district implementation of these activities began only after endorsement of GIM in Aug 2010. In

short duration of project implementation i.e. from Aug 2010 till Jul 2012, many activities were held at

the districts and target VDCs as follows:

3.4.1 High-Level Orientation

This marked the beginning of district-level project implementation. It was imperative for PIU staff to

coordinate with and get cooperation from the district and VDC authorities, and line agencies during

beneficiary selection, identification of necessary infrastructural support, and for income generation

activities (in sectors as agriculture, livestock, cottage and micro enterprises, etc). Therefore, a 2-days

High Level Orientation of the project was held for the Local Development Officers (LDOs), Assistant Chief

District Officers and WCOs from five target districts, from 9 to 10 Jun. 2010 in Kathmandu.

Main objectives of this activity were to:

i. Familiarise on various aspects of project implementation to all the personnel involved in district-

level implementation of the project;

ii. To give a thorough orientation to PIU staff on the project implementation process; and

iii. To clarify their queries and confusions.

The orientation was divided into 3 sessions per day. DG of DWC Divakar Devkota chaired both inaugural

and closing sessions. Project Manager and Under Secretary of DWC Shanta Bhattarai facilitated the

orientation program (see Annex 8 for agenda).

The Project Manager presented paper on the implementation process and main activities of Component

4: Piloting Quality Services. Project Team Leader from ASI made a presentation on Social Protection

System and its relevance to the project. Participants were also briefed on the Capacity Development

activities of the project. Similarly, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Expert of the project briefed the

participants on mechanisms to be followed by the project for M&E of project activities. Joint Secretary

of the MOWCSW, Ratna Kaji Bajracharya made a presentation on the selection process of facilitating

partner NGOs and their terms of reference. A session was also held on financial and budgetary matters

of the project, conducted by the Chief of Accounts of DWC.

3.4.2 District Project Steering Committee (DPSC) Meetings

At district level, the District Gender Mainstreaming and Child Rights Coordination Committee

(DGMCRCC) were set up as District Project Steering Committee, to guide and support the project. The

committee facilitated by WCO, and composed of district line agencies, District Child Welfare Board

(DCWB), and other key district stakeholders, held several meetings in respective districts to review

20

impact of conflict and allotted number of beneficiary numbers for each selected VDCs (see table3.7

below).

Table 3.7: Distribution of 4000 beneficiaries across districts and VDCs

SN Districts

(total beneficiaries) VDCs

No. of

Beneficiaries

1

Achham (900 beneficiaries)

Baradadevi 150

2 Kuinka 150

3 Bhatakatiya 150

4 Kalagaon 150

5 Dhakari 150

6 Dhaku 150

7

Banke

(700 beneficiaries)

Fattepur 90

8 Gangapur 85

9 Binauna 75

10 Baijapur 125

11 Betahani 75

12 Mahadevpuri 125

13 Naubasta 125

14

Bardiya

(600 beneficiaries)

Mohammadpur 80

15 Patabhar 110

16 Thakurdwara 110

17 Badalpur 110

18 Motipur 80

19 Dhadawar 110

20

Rolpa

(900 beneficiaries)

Gam 151

21 Thabang 151

22 Mirul 151

23 Kureli 151

24 Uwa 145

25 Jelbang 151

26

Rukum

(900 beneficiaries)

Pipal 170

27 Ranmamaikot 130

28 Mahat 170

29 Chunbang 130

30 Khara 130

31 Hukam 170

Thereafter too regular DPSC meetings were held in the districts for smooth implementation of project

activities. A total of 40 DPSC meetings have been held since project implementation till end of second

trimester (mid Mar. 2012) of current fiscal year 2011/12 on various dates.

3.4.3 Selection of Facilitating NGO Partners

31 local NGOs, one NGO per VDC, were selected as working partners to support WCO in carrying out

activities of livelihood promotion, value-chain and back-stopping to the 4000 beneficiaries in the

selected VDCs (see list of selected NGOs in Annex 9).

21

3.4.4 District-Level Orientation on Project Implementation Mechanism

To bring clarity on the objectives, methodology and value of each project activity, district level

orientations on Project Implementation Mechanism were held for the staff of WCOs, VDC secretaries,

members of facilitating-NGO partners, and representatives of Veterinary Office, Agriculture

Development Office, and Small enterprise and Cottage Industry Offices of project districts. A total of five

district level orientations were held in district headquarters with participation of more than 20 district

stakeholders. See table 3.8 below for venue, date and total participant numbers.

Outcomes of the district level orientations were:

� Project implementation process shared with stakeholders.

� Clarity brought on financial and budgetary aspects of the project.

� Concept on value chain and business development imparted to facilitating NGOs.

� Better understanding on implementation process to the facilitating NGOs.

� Opportunity for DWC and MOWCSW to have first hand understanding of the ground reality of target

districts.

� Commitment from representatives of the major political parties to support in successful completion

of the project.

� Good rapport built among the PMO, PIUs, facilitating NGOs and local authorities.

Table 3.8: Summary Table of District Level Orientation held at target districts

S.N. Districts Date Venue Participants

1 Banke 24-28 Jun 2010 Nepalgunj 26 (NGOs-16, VDCs-5, Line agencies-1, WCOs-5)

2 Achham 11-15 Jul 2010 Mangalsen 26 (NGOs-12, VDCs-6, Line agencies-3, WCOs-5)

3 Bardiya 20-24 Aug 2010 Bardiya 32 (NGOs-14, VDCs-6, Line agencies-3, WCOs-9)

4 Rolpa 15-19 Sept 2010 Liwang 27 (NGOs-12, VDCs-6, Line agencies-3, WCOs-6)

5 Rukum 22-26 Sept 2010 Musikot 23 (NGOs-12, VDCs-3, Line agencies-2, WCOs-6)

After getting full understanding of the project activities, participants developed an action plan to

organize VDC-level consultative meetings for each district. They expressed their views of the training,

contents, methodology and relevance to address problems of the vulnerable families in the district. They

found the training helpful in bringing clarity to the project interventions at district level.

3.4.5 VDC-Level Consultative Meeting

VDC-level consultative meetings were held with the aim to build consensus on total number of families

receiving cash grant in each ward of the selected VDCs (there are 9 wards per VDC). The meetings were

called by the VDC offices. Along with VDC officials and a member of NGO partner, WCO staffs were

present at these meetings. Representatives from 9 wards comprising local intellectuals, community well-

wishers and women representatives of locally recognized political parties also attended these meetings.

Representation from excluded groups, indigenous communities and vulnerable groups was assured.

Main objectives of the meetings were:

22

1. To build understanding on the objectives and activities of the project;

2. To explain the set criteria on selection of beneficiary families; and

3. To fix the number of beneficiary families in each ward.

Higher numbers of beneficiaries were allotted for the wards that were more conflict- affected.

3.4.5.1 Achham District

The VDC-level consultative meetings were held in all the selected six VDCs as planned from 20 Sept. to

22 Oct. 2010. Based on the scale of conflict-impact and the given criteria, the participants indentified

beneficiaries in each ward making sure that each VDC had 150 beneficiary families in total. See table 3.9

for ward-wise distribution of beneficiaries in Achham district.

Altogether 366 participants (293 male and 73 female; see Annex 10 for detail of VDC level consultative

meeting) contributed in deciding which of the 9 wards were more vulnerable than the others. These

peaceful meetings were extremely helpful to build consensus among villagers.

Table 3.9: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 900 beneficiaries in Achham

VDCs

Wards Kalagaon Kuika Bhatkatiya Dhaku Dhakari Bardadevi

1 23 12 22 17 18 18

2 14 12 18 35 17 15

3 12 12 12 18 14 18

4 20 39 17 16 16 20

5 15 14 18 17 18 16

6 15 20 27 13 18 21

7 16 15 16 9 18 16

8 16 16 8 13 13 24

9 19 10 12 12 18 2

TOTAL 150 150 150 150 150 150

3.4.5.2 Banke District

VDC-level consultative meetings were held in Banke district in all the seven selected VDCs from 6 to 15

July 2010. The meetings successfully brought consensus among VDCs in fixing the total number of

beneficiaries in each of the nine wards. The number of beneficiaries in each ward varies (see table 3.10

below). A total of 332 participants were present in the seven meetings (see Annex 10).

Table 3.10: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 700 beneficiaries in Banke

VDCs

Wards Betahani Binauna Naubasta Baijapur Mahadevpuri Fattepur Gangapur

1 7 15 12 17 10 15 19

2 7 6 18 16 35 6 2

3 9 6 12 15 10 12 10

23

4 13 10 12 14 10 5 8

5 12 8 13 10 15 6 9

6 5 11 12 13 13 10 7

7 7 7 14 15 15 10 14

8 8 6 18 10 10 17 12

9 7 6 14 15 7 9 4

TOTAL 75 75 125 125 125 90 85

3.4.5.3 Bardiya District

VDC-level consultative meetings in Bardiya district were held between 29 Aug. and 13 Sept. 2010 (see

Annex 10 for details). There were 267 male and 218 female participants. The meetings helped in

building consensus to fix the number of beneficiaries in each ward based on the impact of conflict and

the vulnerability of the wards. See table 3.11 below for distribution of 600 beneficiaries in each ward of

Bardiya district.

Table 3.11: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 600 beneficiaries in Bardiya

VDC

Ward Badalpur Dhadawar Motipur Mohammadpur Patabhar Thakurdwara

1 11 5 5 3 18 19

2 11 2 14 2 6 8

3 9 4 6 7 6 14

4 21 13 2 14 10 18

5 12 15 9 3 7 7

6 8 11 12 10 28 11

7 7 10 23 11 12 11

8 10 40 6 22 10 8

9 21 10 3 8 13 14

TOTAL 110 110 80 80 110 110

3.4.5.4 Rolpa District

VDC-level consultative meetings in the district were held between 29 Nov. and 3 Dec. 2010 (see Annex

10. for details). A total of 570 participants (female 275 and male 299) contributed to fix the number of

beneficiaries for each ward of the selected six VDCs in Rolpa (see table 3.12 below.)

Table 3.12: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 900 beneficiaries in Rolpa

VDCs

Ward Gam Jelbang Kureli Mirul Thabang Uwa

1 17 10 15 15 13 15

2 17 10 15 18 25 20

3 16 20 15 10 13 15

4 17 12 12 15 13 15

5 16 18 15 22 20 11

24

6 17 23 15 15 25 18

7 17 18 15 14 19 20

8 17 20 25 30 13 16

9 17 20 24 12 10 15

TOTAL 151 151 151 151 151 145

3.4.5.5 Rukum District

The six VDC level Consultative Meetings were held between 9 October and 2 December 2010 in Rukum

District. 235 females and 370 males (in total 605) attended these meetings, to fix the number of

beneficiaries per ward in each VDC. Table 3.13 shows ward- wise distribution of beneficiary numbers

and details of these meetings is given in Annex 10

Table 3.13: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 900 beneficiaries in Rukum

VDCs

Wards Khara Ranmamaikot Chunbang Hukam Mahat Pipal

1 18 12 20 23 30 15

2 15 10 11 18 25 14

3 11 34 13 16 18 18

4 10 14 10 24 18 18

5 16 10 10 15 18 24

6 18 10 20 20 18 14

7 17 18 13 16 13 30

8 10 10 20 20 18 18

9 15 12 13 18 12 19

TOTAL 130 130 130 170 170 170

3.4.6 Identification of Beneficiary Families through Participatory Approach

After the number of beneficiary families per ward was fixed, a series of ward-level assemblies were held

to identify the actual beneficiaries. Participatory approach was adopted to ensure fair selection of the

beneficiaries. Five meetings per VDC were planned for this purpose with participation of more than 50

community representations. Of the nine wards, four meetings were planned to be held at four locations

with representatives of two wards at one site and remaining one meeting, to be held in the ward which

was far or had larger population.

A social resource map showing comparative social and economic status of each household in a ward was

drawn by the local community with the help of VDC offices. Thereafter, based on the criteria mentioned

below, the assembly focused on reaching a consensus to identify the beneficiary families.

i. Degree and the scale of impact (Or, families that have lost their livelihood as a direct impact of

conflict)

ii. Poverty ranking (Or, families that are extremely poor)

iii. Social asset (Or, families that are socially in a very backward state and do not have anyone to

support them)

25

iv. Type of household head (Or, families with women as main bread earner due to death or disability

of the male head)

v. Families with children (minor) members only

vi. Caretaking responsibility (Or, families despite being unable, have taken on the responsibility of

caretaker for the children made orphan as impact of conflict)

vii. From criteria (i) to (iv), the families having small children were given first priority.

Priority was also given to conflict-affected and vulnerable families that had not received any support

previously.

On the basis of given criteria and advice of local intellectuals, each household in the social resource map

were categorized into: most-affected, moderately-affected and normally-affected households. The

target beneficiaries were selected from among the most-affected households.

In Achham, 30 ward level assemblies were held to identify 900 families. More than 60% of those

identified families were directly affected by conflict and the rest were socially and economically

vulnerable. The affected families expressed happiness to receive such support. For some, it was the first

time that any sort of help was going to reach them.

In Banke the 700 beneficiaries were identified initially through 35 ward-level meetings with community

participation of more than 3000 people. However, when the actual implementation of the project began

through enumeration, and other follow up activities for grant distribution, whereabouts of 21 families

were not available.

In Bardiya 600 beneficiaries were identified through 30 ward level meetings participated by more than

3000 participants. Of the selected beneficiaries, more than 50% were affected by conflict, about 30%

were selected from economically deprived families and remaining were vulnerable families for other

reasons.

900 beneficiaries from Rolpa district were identified through 30 ward level meetings held between 1

Dec 2010 and 26 Jan 2011 with participation from 2342 community representatives comprising 964

females and 1378 males.

Similarly, in Rukum a total of 2261 participants (935 female and 1326 male) identified 900 beneficiaries

in the selected six VDCs through 30 ward assemblies that were held between 29 Nov. 2010 and 27 Jan.

2011.

3.4.7 Skill Enhancement and Business Development Training

To raise income standard of the beneficiaries, business plan needs to be formulated for prospective

activities. For this, 3-day training programmes were conducted in all 31 target VDCs. Each training

programme had 20 participants on an average. The training curriculum was developed in consultation

with local resource persons of district line agencies.

3,979 beneficiaries from five target districts received various skill enhancement and business plan

development training through the project. So far, highest demand for trainings has been for livestock

based activities - goat, buffalo and pig- rising. This is followed by demand in, trainings on keeping petty

shops, vegetable farming, cycle repairing and sewing (see table no 3.14 below). A total of 199 such

trainings were held within fiscal year 2066/67 (2010/11).

26

Table No 3.14: IGA Training types, participants and number of trainings per district

SN Districts VDCs covered Training Types No. of

Participants

No. of

Trainings

1 Achham All six VDCs Goat raising, vegetable

farming, petty shops

900 45

2 Bardiya All six VDCs Goat/pig raising, petty shops,

cycle repair, sewing

600 30

3 Banke All seven VDCs Goat/buffalo/pig raising,

petty shops

679 34

4 Rolpa All six VDCs Goat, vegetable farming 900 45

5 Rukum All six VDCs Goat/pig raising, ginger

farming

900 45

TOTAL 3979 199

3.4.8 Cash Grant to Beneficiary Families

After attending Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development Trainings, the beneficiaries prepared

their business plan with help of facilitating NGOs. In order to receive grant support, the plan was

approved by WCO. Thereafter, the families received cash grant of NRs. 12,000 (US$ 176.5) per family.

Opening bank accounts was one of the criteria set forth to receive the grant. To open the bank account,

one of the prerequisite of the bank is submission of account holder's authentic identification. For people

living at remote locations, citizenship is the only authorized identification card. Hence, of the 3979

beneficiaries, those who had not acquired citizenship certificate previously undertook a tedious effort to

make their citizenship card. As per WCO reporting 5% of the beneficiary families made their citizenship

card to open their bank accounts. Such families also came to know about birth registration for their

children and registered their childbirth while acquiring the citizenship cards.

Opening bank accounts for the 3979 individual families, located at remote villages was a big challenge

for the NGOs and WCOs of 5 districts. Lack of proper identification cards, photographs and related

documents were some of the problems for opening accounts. Absence of banking system in the rural

areas was another challenge to overcome. More than 95% of the beneficiary families were having their

bank accounts opened for the very first time. For this, the facilitating NGOs and WCOs approached

their local banks based at the districts and requested to extend their services. The NGOs themselves

took photographs and facilitated with paper works to open accounts in their names. By the end of fiscal

year 2067/68 (i.e. mid July 2011) a total of 3979 out of 4000 families had their own bank accounts and

cash grant was deposited in their respective accounts.

District-wise, 900 families received grant support through their accounts in Achham. In Banke 679 out of

700 families received grant support through their accounts. Similarly in Bardiya 600 families, 900

families in Rolpa and 900 in Rukum district received grant support.

3.4.8.1 Income Generating Activities (IGA) of Beneficiary Families

Of the 4000 identified beneficiaries in 31 target VDCs, 3979 families received grant support and are

doing their selected income generation activities. Regular monitoring and follow up was carried by

27

district PIUs and facilitating NGO partners on their adopted businesses. Data collected from the VDCs

show that 76.6% (3,052 in number – see table 3.15 below) of beneficiaries opted for goat-raising as their

IGA. Several monitoring visits have shown that the goats bought initially have produced offspring at

least once since the time they started their IGA. In Terai districts i.e. Banke and Bardiya, the goats have

produced once or twice depending on the stage of goats bought at the time. The number too has shown

growth from 2 to 7 in average. In hilly districts also, the goat-raising has shown growth from the initial

numbers.

Table 3.15: District-wise list of major IGAs taken up by project beneficiaries

SN District Goat

Raising

Buffalo

Raising

Retail

Shop Piggery

Vegetable

Farming Poultry Others

1 Achham 686 37 93

31 53 0

2 Banke 440 123 43 37 7 17 17

3 Bardiya 276 76 90 115 10 1 32

4 Rolpa 776 5 4 66 46 2 1

5 Rukum 874 1 2 11 0 0 12

Total 3052 242 232 229 94 73 62

In % 76.61 6.07 5.82 5.75 2.36 1.83 1.56

As shown in above table, the second highest numbers of beneficiaries, i.e. 242 beneficiaries have opted

for buffalo-raising, mostly in Banke and Bardiya districts. Retail shop, pig raising, vegetable farming and

poultry farming are also IGAs that were chosen by more than 1% of the families. Other IGAs chosen by

some 62 families include tailoring (32), small tea shops (5), fish farming (6), cycle repair shop (5), ginger

farming (10), cow raising (1), meat shop(1), medical shop(1) and furniture shop(1).

3.4.9 Value Chain Activities

This is one of the most important activities of the project. One of two measurable indicators of the

project is increase in incomes of beneficiary families by 10% in first year after receiving assistance, and a

further 10% in the following year. Hence right analysis of value-chain, updated market information, and

networks to develop market were crucial factors. Three major activities were identified initially to

achieve the outputs:

i) Research and consultation

ii) Training to WDOs and facilitating NGOs – TOT on Value Chain and Business Development for Service

Providers

iii) Market development support for beneficiary families

3.4.9.1. Research and Consultation

Research on value chain of income generating activities (IGA), taken up by the target beneficiaries was

carried out by a value chain expert. The expert was assigned by ASI to:

• Identify IGA products of beneficiaries in each of the 5 target districts

• Carry out research and collect data of main market actors, location of brokers, access and other

required information

28

• Narrow the products down to sub-sectors

• Design a strategy, based on these information to increase selling price of products

Accordingly, the expert submitted three reports comprising value chain analysis of goat, vegetable and

piggery sectors. A presentation was also made during a one-day workshop held on 30 Apr. 2012

regarding study findings and narrowing down of the subsectors. The workshop was attended by 58

participants from various ministries, DWC officials and TWG members. The feedback received from the

workshop was helpful to finalize action plan for increasing values in each subsector of major IGAs

adopted by project beneficiaries. The workshop also helped in finalizing the curriculum of value chain

training targeted for 31 facilitating NGOs and Women Development Officers of project districts. The

subsector reports and training manual was submitted to DWC. It was expected to provide support for

conduction of Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development Refresher Training to beneficiary

families.

The two remaining activities could not be implemented within the project period.

3.4.10 Income Generation- Fertilizer, Seeds, etc Grant

To cover expenses for purchase of fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, building shed in case of animal husbandry,

or other necessary use, grant amounting to NRs. 700 ($10.3) was allocated per family for 3700 families

excluding 300 families receiving artisan support.

This activity could not be completed as fund could not be availed on time due to lengthy administrative

procedure and short remaining period of the project.

3.4.11 Grant for Artisans – Working Capitals, Tools, and Training

Families involved in activities such as leather processing and making shoes, iron utensils and weapon

making, iron- furnace, tailoring, clay-pot making, etc, traditional skills and crafts already possess basic

skills. Therefore, the project had envisaged to provide additional grant support of NRs. 6,000 ($88.24) to

300 such families from among the target beneficiary families for upgradation of their skills or tools and

machinery. Families requiring this support needed to submit their business plan based on their skill.

However, as no business plan was submitted in this category by any beneficiary families, this activity

was decided to be cancelled after ADB Review Mission 17- 21 Oct. 2011 and also endorsed by 9th PSC

meeting (29 Dec. 2011).

3.4.12 Cash Grant to Families with Disabled Members

In addition to other income generation grant and grant for artisan families, a cash grant of NRs. 2000

($29.41) per family was to be provided to 300 families with disable members. Accordingly, district PIUs

collected data of the families with disable members. After ADB Review Mission 17-21 Oct. 2011, it was

agreed to increase the number of families from 300 to 576 and support amount from $29.41 to $59 per

family.

This activity could not be completed as fund could not be availed on time due to lengthy administrative

procedure and short remaining period of the project.

29

3.4.13 Community Infrastructure Fund in Social Sector

Small community infrastructure projects were planned to be initiated to increase accessibility of the

rural community to the basic services like rural roads, health, water and sanitation, small irrigation

project and communication facilities. The process of selection was planned to be initiated in the second

phase of the project, once the beneficiaries and their income generation schemes were identified.

Budget of $10,294 per VDC was allocated for this activity.

To ensure transparency and accountability and for proper implementation, a community infrastructure

development guideline was also prepared and approved by ADB and PSC by Dec 2011.

As per reports received from district PIUs, community infrastructure sub projects were held in

respective districts and VDCs with available budget within project duration as follows:

SN District VDC Community Infrastructure Sub Project Amount in

NRs.

1

Bardiya

Badalpur Community Vaccination Center, Badalpur 4 280,000

2

Dhadawar

Drinking water fitting, pipe, tap and tank

construction, Dhadawar 7

50,000

3 Shakti Women Community Building, Dhadawar 4 230,000

4 Thakurdwara

Vegetable Collection and Distribution Center,

Thakurdwara 6

280,000

Sub Total 840,000

5

Rukum

Chunbang

Bherikhola Wooden Bridge Construction,

Chunbang 3, 4 and 5 239,400

6 Duwachour Wooden Bridge Construction,

Chunbang 6 and 7 239,400

7

Mahat

Domaikhola Wooden Bridge Construction,

Mahat 8 and 9 259,350

8 Syarpu Irrigation Sub-Project, Mahat 6 219,450

9

Khara

Bherikhola Drinking Water Sub Project, Khara 6 239,400

10 Pallokholi Drinking Water Sub Project, Khara 7

and 8 239,400

11

Pipal

Chhipprekhola Drinking Water Sub Project, Pipal

8 239,400

12 Kunakhet Thulakhola Drinking Water Sub

Project, Pipal 9 239,400

Sub Total 1,915,200

TOTAL 2,755,200

30

3.4.14 On-the-Spot Technical Backstopping and Material Support

Technical expertise may be required in many areas of work initiated by families - such as use of

fertilizers, care for animals, quality and others. Therefore, it is better if arrangement could be made for

technical consultation by the resource person involved with skill-enhancement training or other

available local experts on the site itself. Along with solving technical difficulties, the counseling by

technical experts can also boost morale of the families.

Not all problems may be resolved by the visit of experts only. There might be need for materials –

medicine, pesticides, low cost equipments and raw materials for cottage enterprise – or for a

demonstration. In such instances, chances are few that the technical experts cover the expenses

incurred for these. Similarly, the government provided services too have their own limitations.

Therefore, considering these factors, budget for 3 technical counseling visits per year per VDC were

allocated and material support grant of up to NRs. 13,000 ($ 191) (for Rolpa, Rukum and Achham

districts) or NRs. 10,000 ($ 147) (for Banke and Bardiya) was allocated, to cover expenses for purchasing

materials, whatever may be necessary.

From fiscal year 67/68 (2010/11) till second trimester of fiscal year 68/69 (2011/12) i.e. mid Mar. 2012,

a total of 42 such visits were undertaken in total.

3.4.15 Need-Based Priority Interventions

In addition to cash grant, income generation support and community infrastructure support, a lumpsum

budget of $ 25,338 was projected for need-based priority interventions in GIM. This support was

allocated for either of the following conditions:

i) If number of families with disable members or artisan families are more than that allocated per

VDC, and in case is critical.

ii) Mobilization and management of Users group for community infrastructure and relevant short-

term trainings.

iii) Other critical interventions for income generation of the beneficiaries; not covered by other

grants.

After ADB Review Mission 17-21 Oct 2011, it was agreed to remove this activity and reallocate budget.

3.4.16 Meetings with Facilitating NGO Partners

To facilitate in coordination and implementation of project activities, 3 meetings per year were planned

between facilitator-NGO partners and the WCO per district. From project initiation since 2010/11 (fiscal

year 2067/68) till second trimester i.e. mid Mar. 2012 of current fiscal year 2011/12 (2068/69) a total of

24 meetings were held between WCO and facilitating NGOs.

3.5 Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration

This component supports the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities to review project progress,

identify problems, and make adjustments in a timely manner. This component envisaged following

activities:

31

i) Baseline survey

ii) Project Progress Report

iii) Mid-term evaluation

iv) Final evaluation

3.5.1 Baseline Survey

To establish baseline information of the project beneficiaries (Piloting Quality Services – economic

empowerment) regarding their demographic, economic and social condition, a baseline survey was

conducted by project’s Monitoring and Evaluation Expert, Dr. Govinda Subedi. The baseline indicators

will be utilised for evaluating the project achievements.

30% of the potential beneficiaries’ families were enumerated in order to ensure the monitoring of the

individual. Thus, the actual sample size of the baseline survey was 1,193 families.

Key issues covered by the baseline survey besides economic and social condition of the beneficiary

families were, awareness of rights and sources of support, income levels and household assets, school

attendance of children of primary age and scale of vulnerability. To ensure that the survey report

reflected the ground reality, an orientation on baseline survey methodology and instruments was

designed, planned and conducted.

The orientation was held in two sessions in each district.

� First session included orientation on thematic issue of the conflict-affected families, techniques of

sample selection, calculation of sampling intervals and identification of respondent.

� Second session included methods of filling the questionnaire including ethnic, privacy and

confidentiality issues and role-play.

It was provided in two phases, the first phase of district orientation on Baseline Survey Methodology

was held between 11 and 16 July 2010 in Achham, Banke and Bardiya districts. The second phase of

orientations was held between 17 and 24 September 2010 in Rolpa and Rukum districts. These

orientations were held at the district headquarters of each working districts.

Table 3.16 Details on Baseline Survey Orientations

SN Districts Date Participants

NGOs WCO Staffs Total

1 Achham 13 Jul. 2010 12 6 18

2 Bardiya 15 Jul. 2010 8 4 12

3 Banke 16 Jul. 2010 11 4 15

4 Rolpa 19 Sept. 2010 12 6 18

5 Rukum 22 Sept. 2010 12 6 18

Total 55 26 81

M&E Expert submitted synopsis report of the baseline survey which clearly exhibits poor economic and

social conditions of the beneficiaries and the scale of their vulnerability (see Annex 8 for detail report).

32

The baseline survey examined the selected families' economic condition by collecting indicators on

ownership of house, landholding status, food sufficiency status, ownership of livestock, and family's

main occupation. These indicators are crucially important to understand the economy of the rural

households in Nepal. Generating data on 'income' in the rural households is challenging as majority of

family members are often engaged in subsistence sectors, non-remunerated economic activities which

are time consuming ones. This is particularly true in case of women. However, given the project-

required baseline information of the 'family's income' to evaluate its contribution on increase in family's

income, the final evaluation study (end-line survey being held at the end of the project period) would

measure the income changes of the beneficiary families through the following ways:

� Asking retrospective questions on income of the family before the intervention of the project

and end of it (real changes).

� Asking the beneficiary families' perception on how much the project intervention contributed to

increase in their family's income (perception).

� Comparison of the household assets including access to public utility services before the

intervention of the project and in the end of the project.

3.5.2 Project Progress Reports

In order to complement regular monitoring and evaluation activity, PMO undertook regular field visits,

covering all 5 target districts, and prepared project reports upon the project implementation which

began in August 2010. Furthermore, to show the realistic situation of project beneficiaries, ASI came up

with case studies which (see Annex 12). Following progress reports were prepared and submitted to

ADB during the project period:

SN Title Duration Covered

1. Trimester Progress Report 15 Jul. – 15 Nov. 2010

2. Interim Progress Report Feb. 2008 – Jun. 2011

3. Project Progress Report in Presentation Jul. – Oct. 2011

4. Project Progress Report Nov. 2011 – Mar. 2012

3.5.3 Mid-Term Evaluation

ADB and the Government had planned to carry out a mid-term review of project implementation in

2011. This review would have focused on project impacts, review of the original project scope, design,

implementation progress and arrangements, and any other relevant issues in light of the Government's

development strategies and policy framework, and strategic concerns of ADB, including any

modifications. It was planned to be carried out around May 2011 as the Project commenced effectively

only after GIM was approved in August 2010. However, it was not done due to short implementation

period caused by a long delay in the beginning of the project implementation.

ADB undertook a special review mission from 17 to 21 Oct. 2011, with following objectives:

33

i) Review progress of the project, based on the Interim Progress Report of July 2011 and other

relevant documents

ii) Discuss and agree on the proposed revised implementation plan, including extension of the

project closing date

iii) Discuss and agree on reallocation of the cancelled component 2: Legal Support for Better Service

Standard

iv) Discuss any other issues that need to be addressed

The mission reviewed project progress based on the Interim Report submitted by ASI and expressed

satisfaction over the project implementation. The mission agreed for project extension period from 12

May 2012 by two months to 15 Jul. 2012, to coincide with the fiscal year of Nepal. The mission also

agreed for cancellation of second batch of Post Graduate Diploma run through St. Xavier's College as it

was not possible to acquire affiliation from a University and finish the course within project duration.

Following changes were proposed to the mission, which was later endorsed by GoN:

i) Component3

a. The second batch of post graduate course on social work (to be cancelled, remaining budget to

be reallocated to other activities)

b. A 5-day district level training for trainers on social service delivery

c. A 2-day child rights sensitization

d. A 2.day child care home standards training (b, c, and d, trainings to be combined as one 6-day

training titled 'District Level TOT on Social Protection' and training budget to be increased)

e. Civil Society and CBO courses (training budget to be increased)

f. Advocacy and Information materials such as calendar with citizen's entitlement of government's

social services, regular radio programs for 6 months, etc (plan to be reviewed for any possible

expansion and budget to be increased)

ii) Component 4

a. Grant of NRs. 6,000 to artisan families among the beneficiaries (to be cancelled and budget to

be reallocated to disability benefit, since no artisan families among beneficiaries)

b. Grant Support of NRs. 2,000 for 300 families with disabled persons (beneficiary number to be

increased to 578 families and the grant amount to be increased to NRs. 5,000; severely disabled

persons are eligible, category 1 and 2)

c. Income generation grant of NRs 700 to 3,700 families (to be used as conditional transfer to all

beneficiary families for the participation in refresher training. Additional budget to be

considered to cover expected higher participation)

d. On the spot technical backstopping to all beneficiary families

e. Value chain support to enhance business activities (to be expected into refresher training to the

beneficiaries, budget to be increased.)

f. Community Infrastructure development support up to NRs 700,000 ($10,294) to 31 VDCs each

iii) Component 5

a. Final evaluation

b. Audit

c. Project closing activities

34

3.5.4 Final Evaluation

At the end of project implementation, the final monitoring and evaluation study was undertaken

through Monitoring and Evaluation Expert by ASI with following objectives and methodology:

Objectives of Evaluation: The overall objective was to examine to what extent the project contributed to

increase in income of the conflict affected and marginalized families and enhance knowledge on social

protection among the community people as well as among the service providers. The specific objectives

include:

1. To provide an informed and independent assessment of the value and efficiency of the work

implemented by DWC and ASI focusing on results to see whether the objectives have been achieved

as planned.

2. To draw learning from the project through evidence-based information, provide suggestions and

recommendations.

Evaluation Methods: The study involved both primary and secondary information. The secondary

information like Grant Implementation Manual, Interim Progress Report, Annual Report,

Implementation Guidelines including official records of ASI and DWC were used.

Primary data was collected through:

Structured Interview from Beneficiary Families: A total of 900 beneficiary families (180 per district) were

interviewed from 31 VDCs of 5 project districts through questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was

developed to understand the changes brought by the project intervention in relation to increase in

income and awareness on social protection and entitlements received by the beneficiaries.

Group Consultation: In each target district, group consultation was conducted among the partner NGOs

to understand the implementation modality of the project, project efficiency, effectiveness and impact

of the project.

Key Informant Interviews (KII): KII was conducted among participants of Mid-level TOT, District level TOT

and VDC level training including VDC Secretaries, FM stations, WDOs and focal person of WDOs and

participants of Postgraduate Diploma. The main aim of the KII was to understand the perception on the

impact of the project especially in enhancing the capacity of service providers (i.e. governmental officials

including NGOs and CBOs).

Case Studies: In each project district, the Consultant visited beneficiary families to understand the

changes brought by the project, and their perception on the project.

The draft Final Report and Final Evaluation Report were submitted to ADB and GON for their comments.

It was also presented during the Workshop on Final Evaluation Report held in Kathmandu on 11 Jul

2012. The workshop was attended by PSC members, TWG members, facilitating partner NGOs, Women

Development Officers of target districts and representatives from IA and EA.

After the comments received from ADB, GON and workshop participants were incorporated in both

reports, they were endorsed by 10th PSC meeting held on the same day (see Annex 13).

35

4. FINANCIAL REPORT

4.1 Status of Project Expense disbursed through ASI

SN Progress Payments Contract

Amount after

Variation 8

Payment Already

Claimed

Expected

Claims for

WIP

Project

Expense

Total

1 Mobilization Payment 56,566 56,566 56,566

2 Submission of Inception Report 85,656 85,656 85,656

3 Submission of Interim Report 83,267 83,267 83,267

4 Submission of Draft Final Report 82,000 82,000 82,000

5 Approval of Final Report 82,548 82,548 82,548

6 Approval of Statement of Eligible Costs 21,000 21,000 21,000

Total Progress Payments 411,037 225,489 185,548 411,037

Other Payments

1172 International Air Travel 17,525 17,428 17,428

1173 National Air Travel (outside Kathmandu) 3,600 2,615 2,615

5400 Workshops and Consultations 126,726 125,352 125,352

5200 Equipment 50,000 22,560 2,525 25,085

Total Other Payments 197,851 39,988 130,492 170,480

Total Progress and Other Payments 608,888 265,477 316,040 581,517

Total Contingency 27,913

Maximum Contract Payment 636,801

NOTE: All currency mentioned is US$

WIP: Work in Progress

36

4.2 Status of Project Expense disbursed through DWC (JFPR-ADB assistance)

District

Amount expenditure for FY 2009.10 to 2010.11 Proposed Budget for FY 11.12

(Authority given to IA Office for WIP) Total

Project

Funding

from ADB

in US$

Exp. In

FY

2009.10

Exp. In FY

2010.11 up

to 14

March,2011

Exp. In FY

2010.11,

Rest of the

Period

Total Exp.

FY 09.10 &

10.11

Exchange

rate

Total

Expense

US$

Budget for

FY 2011.12

NRs.

Total

Allocated

Exchange

rate US$

Achham 218,190 423,000 940,871

12,344,705 74.60 21,207.25 856,495

1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 33,234.99

10,762,644 71.21 151,139.50 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 163,740.27

Rolpa 8,000 344,855 961,024

12,307,050 74.60 17,612.32 856,495

1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 29,640.05

10,993,171 71.21 154,376.79 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 166,977.56

Banke 240,000 400,975 703,899

9,396,785 74.60 18,027.80 1,012,181

2,269,000 71.21 14,214.03 32,241.83

8,051,911 71.21 113,072.76 1,256,819 84.40 14,891.23 127,963.99

Bardiya 35,000 3,342,000 396,241

8,305,849 74.60 50,579.64 856,495

1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 62,607.37

4,532,608 71.21 63,651.29 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 76,252.05

Rukum 178,200 91,915 947,858

12,060,541 74.60 16,326.72 856,495

1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 28,354.45

10,842,568 71.21 152,261.87 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 164,862.64

DWC,

Pulchwok 225,324 -

5,659 295,714

74.60 3,096.28 579,919 1,300,000

71.21 8,143.78 11,240.07

64,731 71.21 909.02 720,081 84.40 8,531.77 9,440.79

Total 904,714 4,602,745 49,203,185 54,710,644

762,261.23 11,249,000 11,249,000

144,294.83 906,556.07

FY Fiscal Year

Exp. Expenditure

IA Implementing Agency

WIP Work in progress

Note: DWC is working on the details of the total expenditure and remaining budget.

37

5. CONCLUSION

The project initiated in February 2008 has come to end in July 2012. Though the project period

was specified for four years, it took almost two years to reach into a consensus on project

implementation modality and the project implementation was delayed. Thus it can be

concluded that project activities were implemented within 2 years i.e. July 2010 till mid July

2012. Capacity development initiatives and economic empowerment of the 4000 beneficiary

families were the major focus of these two years working period.

The capacity development initiatives involved activities that envisaged raising knowledge and

capacity of service providers in social sectors, that too from central level to grass roots level. All

the activities that were envisaged in project document were held successfully except for

cancellation of second bath of PGDSW. All in all, the project was able to introduce social

protection as a concept at policy making fronts of the Government at center, districts and rural

VDCs. At the central level the PGDSW course was able to enhance knowledge of government

employees at mid-level management, which made an impact on their working ability at their

respective ministries. Similarly, at the grass roots level, even short courses of social awareness

have made a good impact on service delivery mechanism at local level. On one end people have

become more aware of governmental social protection programs and accessing those services in

right manner. At the other end service providers are realizing their responsibilities to think for

the needs of vulnerable people and changing their attitudes.

Economic empowerment through income generation of conflict-affected and vulnerable families

living at sparse locations was a huge challenge. First of all, having to identify genuine

beneficiaries without any dispute in itself was a daunting challenge and this was successfully

accomplished by the project. In addition, ensuring that those beneficiaries receive the cash

grant and use them properly was a question that was addressed through opening bank

accounts, trainings and regular support provided to the beneficiary families. That the families

were able to raise their income by more than 10% through their chosen IGA is evident enough

from the progress they have made in their IGA. Moreover, these families will receive support

through DWC's regular program after extension of their working area to these target VDCs, so

there is hope for future. Had there been more time, other activities such as value chain TOT,

follow up training, distribution of grant to disabled families and community infrastructure

development could have been implemented and the project could have made more impact.

To ensure that whatever was done was done well, supervision and regular reporting was done

by PMO. To ensure smooth implementation of the activities, monitoring visits to field was

undertaken even though all the grass roots location was not reached due to remoteness of

geographical area. Good rapport was established with ADB and regular reporting was

maintained.

38

5.1 PROJECT- AT A GLANCE

Project Progress November 2011 – March 2012

List of Contents Page Component 3: Capacity Development 2

3.1 District Level TOT 2

3.1.1 Achham 3

3.1.2 Banke 4

3.1.3 Bardiya 5

3.1.4 Rolpa 6

3.1.5 Rukum 6

3.1.6 PMO Observation 7

3.1.7 Observation made by Child Protection Expert 7

3.2 VDC Level Civil Society and CBO Trainings 8

3.3 Advocacy and Information Materials 11

3.3.1 Wall Calendar 11

3.3.2 Radio Programme 11

Component 4: Economic Empowerment 12

4.1 Revised Program and Budget Approval 12

4.2 Value Chain Research 12

4.3 Grant distribution and IGAs chosen by families 12

4.3.1 Status on IGA of Beneficiaries 13

Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration 13

Annexes – Case Studies 14-15

2

Project Progress November 2011 – March 2012

Project Progress to Date

The project has seen significant progress at the end of this reporting period. The activities stipulated in GIM under Component 3, 4 and 5 are either completed or running. This activity report captures project progress post ADB Review Mission (17-21 October 2011) till March 2012. Component 3: Capacity Development

3.1 District Level TOT

District Level Training on Social Protection issues were held successfully in all the five target districts as one of the

priority activity under this Component. A 6 days training was initiated between 3 to 13 January 2012..

Following objectives were set forth to be achieved through the training:

1. To create a district level group of leaders who can provide wider in-depth knowledge of social welfare guidelines that

underpin policy development and key success factors in social welfare service delivery; and who can provide training on

these issues at local levels

2. To increase awareness on child rights and the risks of child abuse or exploitation; and to form a pressure group to

start raising awareness on this

3. To create a peer pressure group for addressing issues on child care homes standards

The participants of Mid Level TOT held earlier at Nepalgunj, conducted the TOT sessions. Of the 6 days of training, one

full training day was conducted on various issues of child protection and child care home standards by Child Protection

Specialist, Mr. Madhav Pradhan in all five districts. Power point presentation, group discussion, interaction, role play and

field visit methods were used to enhance knowledge of the participants on different social protection issues of Nepal.

A total of 153 participants (89 male and 64 female) from 31 target VDCs of 5 project districts attended the TOT course.

Representation from Village Development Committees (VDC), functionaries of NGOs, CBOs, social mobilisers and

multipurpose health workers were sought from the target VDCs. Similarly, representation of district level Peace

Committees/Civil Societies, Child Clubs, Women Police Cell, Judiciary, Journalists from local FM and Project

Implementation Units of Women and Children Offices were requested for the training. Details of the number of

participants date and venue is given in the following table:

S.N. District (Training Venue)

Date Number of Participants

M F

1 Achham (Mangalsen) 6-12 January 2012 14 16

2. Banke (Nepalgunj) 3-8 January 2012 19 14

3. Bardiya (Gulariya) 3-8 January 2012 19 11

4. Rolpa (Liwang) 3-8 January 2012 19 11

5. Rukum (Khalanga) 8-13 January 2012 18 12

TOTAL 89 64

3

Major topics covered by the training were:

Concepts on social protection with special emphasis to women, senior citizens, disabled, conflict-affected and

other marginalized and vulnerable groups

Introduction to child rights conventions and national scenario, child and human psychology with reference to

behavioral changes of children subject to abuse

National standards and practices of Child Care Homes, child abuse, crimes against children, and crimes by

children

Counseling services for victims

Local referral mechanism and support agencies, roles and responsibilities to protect and prevent rights violation

by families, community, schools, social mobilisers and local authorities

Problem solving techniques on different issues affecting community

Community based research methodology and its use in community level

Communication skill, community mediation, formation of peer pressure group with development of action plan

and facilitation skills

Project monitoring and evaluation techniques and its use at local context

Right to information

3.1.1 Achham

District Level TOT was held at Achham from 6 to 12 January 2012. The six days training was facilitated by Indira Ojha,

WDO of Achham, Khadak Bahadur Bista- Social Development Officer of Achham DDC, Matrika Bhandari- Astha Nepal and

Prem B. Budha- Child Protection Officer. Special sessions on child protection and child care homes standards were

conducted on the third day by Madhav Pradhan-Child Protection Specialist from Kathmandu.

The training program was concluded in a closing ceremony with Khem Raj Joshi, Planning Officer of Achham DDC as the

chief guest. Bed Prasad Timsina, President of Federation of Nepalese Journalist district chapter also expressed his good

wishes on this occasion. The 30 participants from various district and VDC based organizations showed active

participation to the training. The training was evaluated by the participants as very relevant and useful. They felt some

issues like rights to information, protection of women's rights, etc needed more time than allocated. They evaluated

sessions on child protection and child care homes as very informative. They also remarked that practicals on work plan

preparation and site visit helped them get clear idea on how to approach the issues practically.

4

Figure 1 Participants and organizers of District Level TOT at Achham

At the end of the training, the participants formed a pressure group and also formulated action plan for each target

VDCs of the district. The plan of action lists various meetings and discussions on child rights, violence against women,

child marriage, chhaupadi, untouchability, honoring senior citizens, social protection of vulnerable groups and VDC level

trainings on social protection, as tools for awareness raising at VDC level. The prepared plans were submitted to PMO

along with training report.

3.1.2 Banke

In Banke, the training was held from 3 to 8 January 2012. It was inaugurated by Rajendra KC- Acting Local Development

Officer of Banke. On this occasion, he hoped that the training would develop trained human resource to raise awareness

on social protection. The six days training was facilitated by Ramesh Shah, Officer of Banke DDC, and Mahesh Nepali-

District Child Protection Officer. The sessions on child protection and child care home standards, were held by Madhav

Pradhan on fourth day of the training period. The participants also went to Apostle Children's Home for field visit and

observation. At the end of the training, action plan was prepared by the participants divided into seven groups for seven

target VDCs of Banke district.

55% of the participants found the training contents as good, 35% evaluated them as very good and 10% found them as

okay. Similarly, the participants were satisfied with the training management as more than 60% evaluated it as good.

Some other feedbacks provided by the participants are:

- The subject matters are very relevant

- Political party representatives should also have been included in the training

- Such trainings should be held at VDC level also

- Attention should be given during implementation, monitoring and observation of such social protection

programs

5

Figure 2 Shanta Bhattarai, Project Manager and Under Secretary from PMO addressing the participants

The closing was done by Shova Shah, Women Development Officer of Banke. On this occasion, Sinharup Nepal- VDC

Secretary of Mahadevpuri VDC said the training had helped provide wide knowledge on social protection and would help

in work performance in his sector. Ganga Sapkota from SIP Nepal opined the training gave information on rights of

women and children, and showed path for advocacy of their social protection.

3.1.3 Bardiya

TOT was held at Gulariya from 3 to 8 January

2012. The training was inaugurated by Ram

Krishna Subedi Chief District Officer in a

program presided by Bhuwan Hari Aryal, Local

Development Officer of Bardiya. Welcoming

everyone, Bishwomaya Neupane, Acting WDO

shed light on the objectives of the training.

Thereafter, the sessions proceeded as set. Here,

sessions on child rights and child care homes

were held on third day of the program. In

addition to multimedia presentation, flip chart,

meta-cards, group discussion, brainstorming and

presentations were the methodologies used for

training delivery.

The participants were divided into three groups

and taken on a study visit to three offices dealing with women's protection - District Service Center of Women Cell

against domestic violence, Women Cell of District Police Office and Desk against Gender Violence at Health Office. The

visit was able to generate in-depth discussion on pertinent issues of women's social protection. At the end of the

training, VDC-wise pressure group was formed and action plan was prepared. Post training evaluation showed that the

participants found the topics as very relevant and crucial. Full and active participation was shown by the participants. It

was concluded that such trainings will play significant roles during formulation of VDC level plans and programs on social

protection.

Figure 3: A participant reporting on the days' learning during Bardiya training

6

3.1.4 Rolpa

District Level TOT on Social Protection

was held at Libang, district headquarter

of Rolpa from 3 to 8 January 2012. The

training attended by 30 participants

(18 VDC-based and 12 district- based) was

coordinated by Nirmala Karki, Acting WDO.

Gokarna Pun, Child Protection Officer,

Ganesh Singh Mahara, Police Inspector and

Ram Kumar Neupane, Local Development

Officer also conducted various sessions of

the training. The sessions on child

protection and child care home standards

were conducted by Child Protection

Specialist on the second day. During the

course, participants were taken on a field visit

to local child care home run by the Government.

The training was evaluated by the participants as very important to create awareness on social protection. They opined

it was successful in creating an integrated picture of all the social protection schemes provided by the Government. At

the end of the training, six pressure groups were formed, to work for awareness-raising on social protection for

vulnerable people, in each of the six target VDCs of the district.

3.1.5 Rukum

In Rukum, the training was held from 8 to 13 January 2012 at Khalanga, district headquarter of Rukum. The participants

had listed their expectations from the training as follows:

To gain knowledge on social protection

To gain information on social protection provisions by the Government

To know about Government identified vulnerable groups for social protection

To know on various provisions in the social protection sector at district level

To know about various process and importance of disability identification card

The six days training was conducted by Sabitra Shah, WDO, Lalit Budhamagar- Program Officer at Local Development

Fund of Rukum district and Mahesh Nepali- Child Rights Officer of Banke. Similarly, sessions on child protection and child

care homes standards, were conducted by Madhav Pradhan of CWIN. The training program was facilitated by Seema KC,

WCO staff and project focal person. Various training methods were adopted to meet the expectations of the 30 trainees.

At the end of the training, the participants evaluated the training sessions as very useful. They found issues discussed on

child protection and social protection for senior citizens and person with disability as very good. Time allocated for some

topics like communication skill and rights to information was not sufficient.

Figure 4: Handover takeover of class duties among participants

7

Figure 5 Organizers, trainers and participants taking a break for photo with DG and Child Protection Specialist from Kathmandu

Formation of pressure group and preparation of action plan for each VDC proved as positive aspect of the training. They

hoped the sensitivity towards social protection sector would rise after the training. Another positive aspect of the

training marked by the participants was involvement of trainees from various sectors. However, they suggest that

political party representatives should also have been included in such training. The use of multimedia was rather new

and interesting for many participants from the VDCs. They acknowledge that the lesson learnt were not for others only

but for self knowledge too.

3.1.6 PMO Observation

Teams in two groups were mobilized from the Project Management Office (PMO), Kathmandu. The team reached all five

training venues for observation and monitoring of the TOT. It was observed that in addition to the knowledge gained

through Mid Level TOT, the trainers used their own experience to enhance the training. Participation from various line

agencies helped foster greater interaction and information sharing among the participants. Active participation was

observed from the participants during the sessions and good coordination by Women Development Officers.

3.1.7 Observation made by Child Protection Expert

Various issues related to children in family, communities and child care centers were discussed in their rights and

protection in the training program. The discussion and interaction among the participants helped to explore ideas and

experiences of child right, protection, development, participation and their challenges and opportunities in the

communities. Issues like state social policy on child rights, child protection policy, alternative cares, code of conducts for

social workers, family reintegration, etc. were mainly focused in the program. As a whole, the program provided

platform for the participants to know and learn about present scenario of child care and protection and how to work

together for the betterment of children and children at risk. This visit and training program also remained remarkable to

strengthen relationship with various stakeholders.

8

3.2 VDC Level Civil Society and CBO Trainings

To create widespread awareness at local levels of social welfare support systems, the next phase of capacity building

initiatives on Civil Society and CBO Trainings was initiated. This step is targeted to disseminate knowledge on social

protection system at the local level and access to social services at the grass roots level through 2-day trainings being

held at each of the 31 target VDCs. Participation has been requested from Village level functionaries, representatives of

NGOs and CBOs, health workers, school management committee, mother’s group, youth group, child club, political

parties and local authorities, peace committee, police and judiciary functionaries.

Twenty six out of 31 trainings have

been held as of 31 March 2012,

including 6 in Achham, 7 in Banke, 5 in

Bardiya, 4 in Rolpa and 4 in Rukum

district. 100% participation has been

reported and observed in each of these

training with attendance by 50

participants per training as projected.

1300 VDC- level participants gained

knowledge on various social protection

measures taken by the Government

and service delivery mechanism at the

local level.

Remaining trainings in Bardiya, Rolpa

and Rukum districts are expected to

complete within April 2012. See tables

below for detail.

1 Achham District S.N.

VDC Completed dates Participants

Female Male

1.1 Kala Gaon 21 - 22 Feb 24 26

1.2 Dhaku 26 - 27 Feb 14 36

1.3 Dhakari 28 - 29 Feb 18 32

1.4 Bhatakatia 16 - 17 Feb 29 21

1.5 Barda Devi 18 - 19 Feb 13 37

1.6 Kuinka 24- 25 Feb 20 30

TOTAL 118 182

2 Banke District S.N.


Female Male

2.1 Betahani 23-24 March 203 190

2.2 Naubasta 17-18 March

2.3 Baijapur 21-22 March

2.4 Gangapur 25-26 March

2.5 Binauna 19-20 March

2.6 Mahadevpuri 27-28 March

2.7 Fattepur 29-30 March

Figure 6 Lili Khadka, one of the project beneficiaries attending training at Khara VDC of Rukum district

9

3 Bardiya District

S.N. VDC Completed dates

Remarks

3.1 Mohammadpur 16 – 17 March Details to be availed within April end 3.2 Thakurdwara 22– 23 March

3.3 Dhadwar 25 – 26 March

3.4 Motipur 19 – 20 March

3.5 Badalpur 28 – 29 March

3.6 Patabhar April

4 Rolpa District S.N.


Female Male

4.1 Thabang 26-27 March 20 30

4.2 Jailbang 26 – 27 March 19 31

4.4 Kureli 16 – 17 March 24 26

4.6 Mirul 21-22 March 19 31

4.5 Gam April

4.3 Uwa April

5 Rukum District S.N.


Female Male

5.2 Khara 21- 22 Feb 34 16

5.3 Mahat 16 - 17 Feb 27 23

5.5 Chunbang 18 - 19 Feb 17 33

5.6 Pipal 19 - 20 Feb 32 18

5.1 Hukam April

5.4 Ranma Maikot April

Participant selection criteria were mainly:

i. Working for community development and social protection in the selected VDCs ii. Knowledge of ongoing community development activities in the district iii. Aware of VDC issues iv. Willing to advocate for social protection, community development and child rights

The trainings are being conducted by the participants of the district level training with coordination from Women and Children Offices of respective districts. Presence of VDC Officials during these trainings has enhanced the significance of the training. Each training day has been divided into three sessions. After the training, it is expected that the participants will be able to generate widespread awareness on social protection services at local level and information on how to access such services, issues on child rights, child justice, raising

Figure 7 Participants of Betahani VDC, Banke playing games against child labor exploitation during training

10

standards on child care homes, women’s rights and rights of marginalized communities. For this, following major issue have been included in the training curriculum:

Social security Policy and strategies of Nepal

Special provisions by the Government of Nepal under the social security for vulnerable community, especially

women, children, disabled, senior citizens, marginalized and conflict-affected

Referral mechanism for access of such services

Community based research methodology and its use at local level

Counselling services and contact centres for victims of various discrimination

Focus group discussion method and use


In addition to the above topics, some topics like psychosocial counseling, awareness on sanitation, mediation

and about the JFPR Project are also being shared at some venues by the trainers. The trainers were able to

inform the participants about the ongoing radio program on social protection initiated by the project.

After the training, feedback on training content and management was requested from the participants. Of the

trainings held so far, it has been reported and observed through field visits also, that the participants found

the issues very relevant to the local context. They commented that though the issues were known, the training

was successful in giving a whole new picture by linking it to social protection and everyday livelihood. They all

realized the training was able to create a pressure group for better service delivery at the local level. The field

visit and group work during the course also helped them get a practical knowledge on how to interact with

vulnerable beneficiaries and how to deal with sensitive social matters.

Figure 8 Participants attending the training at Motipur, Bardiya district

It was also realized that two days was very short to get better insight of all the issues shared during the training. The

participants have suggested to increasing number of days of the training in future. Regarding group size, it was realized

that group size of fifty was a bit large to manage and should be limited to 30 per training. This training was received by

the locals as an opportunity to clarify their misconception on the benefits available to them, get a clearer idea about

11

local social service delivery system and processes to avail the services. Further, they also recommend that such trainings

should be organized in every VDC and at ward levels (grass root level) so that more people will get awareness on their

rights and benefits.

3.3 Advocacy and Information Materials

To supplement the capacity development initiatives, it was planned to develop information materials. The aim of these

materials is to make people avail of social protection services, social entitlements, and other social benefits provided by

the government, development agencies, and other social organisations in the rural communities by raising their

awareness through various means.

It was expected that the contents of these materials will address questions such as:

What are the existing social protection services and benefits – permanent and temporary – available in the country? Who are entitled to receive such services? What are the necessary official documents one should have? How to access those services? Where to go? Two types of information materials have been produced by the project:

1. Wall Calendars- highlighting state-sponsored social protection benefits 2. Radio Program - A specially tailored live call-in radio programmes and public service announcements (PSA) being aired by the FM stations of five project districts

3.3.1 Wall Calendar

English wall calendars (100 pieces) have been printed and distributed to various national and international

organizations. The calendars provide information on social protection benefits provided by the government to the

following vulnerable groups:

a. School children - Free primary education to children going to government schools

b. Women - Maternity allowance to mothers giving birth in a government hospital

c. Girl child - Benefits to families sending girl child to school

d. Single women - Allowance to widow and single women aged 60 and above

e. Senior citizens - Monthly allowance to senior citizens

f. Differently-abled - Special benefits to differently-abled citizens

3.3.2 Radio Programme

Similarly, to raise awareness on various issues of social protection at project districts, half-hour talk programs are being

aired in six FM stations of five target districts on a weekly basis. See table below for FM stations and timing details.

SN District FM Name

First Month Radio Program

PSA* Timing

Total PSA per day

Total PSA per

month Program Time Day

Repeat on Air Time

Day

1 Bardia Fulbari

7:15, 8:15, 9:15, 10:15 am & 3:15, 4:15, 5:15, 6:15 , 7:15,

9:15 pm

10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 7:30 – 8:00 am Wednesday

2 Rolpa Radio Rolpa 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Wednesday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Friday

3 Rukum Radio Sisne 10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 9:30 – 10:00

pm Saturday

4 Banke Krishnasar FM 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Monday 7:00 – 7:30 am Friday

5 Achham

Ramaroshan FM

10 300 8:30 – 9:00 am Monday 9:15 – 9:45 pm Friday

Panchakoshi 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Sunday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Tuesday

*PSA- Public Service Announcement

12

The topic chosen for the month of February was free primary education and for the month of March it was maternity

benefits. The FMs aired interviews taken with primary school teachers, school management committee members,

students, parents, District Education Officers and concerned personnel in context of free primary education. Similarly,

interviews with officials of district health offices, doctors of Government hospital, families who have used the services

and those who have not yet utilized the services were interviewed so that larger audiences received information on

health benefits provided by the government. In addition, radio jingles relevant to the social protection benefits provided

by the Government of Nepal are being played repeatedly. The radio programs are aired during prime time and thus are

being viewed as a positive step in creating awareness on local issues of social protection.

Component 4: Economic Empowerment

4.1 Revised Program and Budget Approval

The ADB Review Mission of 17 to 21 October 2011 recommended that the revised activities and budget under

Component 4 was endorsed by PSC meeting and approved by the Government of Nepal.

The process for taking approval was initiated and the budget for Fiscal Year 2011/12, Implementation Guideline of the

remaining project activities and guideline for implementation of Community Infrastructure Development Support was

prepared by PMO. The prepared documents were presented and approved by the PSC Meeting held on 29 December

2011. Meanwhile deliberations are ongoing to request budget of the remaining project activities from ADB.

At district level, data collections on disabled members of the beneficiary families are ongoing. The district-PIUs are

interacting on community infrastructures that are felt necessary by the local community.

4.2 Value Chain Research

One of two measurable indicators of the project is increase in incomes of beneficiary families by 10% in first year after receiving assistance, and a further 10% in the following year. Hence right analysis of value-chain, updated market information, and networks to develop market are crucial factors. Therefore, a research on value chain of income generating activities (IGA), taken up by the 4000 project beneficiaries in five target districts, was carried out by a value chain expert mobilized by Adam Smith International. The expert was assigned to:

Identify IGA products of beneficiaries in each of the 5 target districts Carry out research and collect data of main market actors, location of brokers, access, and other

required information Narrow those products down to sub-sectors Design a strategy, based on the above information, to increase selling price

Accordingly, the expert has submitted research report of value chain analysis for goat, vegetable, piggery sector and

handouts for workshop. A consultative workshop will be held in Kathmandu for finalizing the action plan to develop

strategy to increase values of the goods. Also, the workshop will help to develop curriculum of a value chain training

targeted for 31 facilitating NGOs and Women Development Officers from project districts. This in turn is expected to

provide support for conducting Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development Refresher Training to families doing

Income Generating Activities (IGA) in each project VDC.

4.3 Grant distribution and IGAs chosen by families

Of the 4000 identified beneficiaries in 31 target VDCs, 3984 families have received grant support and are doing their

selected income generation activities. Regular monitoring and follow up is being done by district PIUs and facilitating

13

NGO partners on their adopted businesses. Data collected from the VDCs show that 76.6% (3,052 in number – see table

below) of beneficiaries have opted for goat-raising as their IGA. Several monitoring visits have shown that the goats

bought initially have produced offspring. In Terai districts ie Banke and Bardiya, the goats have produced once or twice

depending on the stage of goats bought at the time. The number too has shown growth from 2 to 7 in average. In hilly

districts also, the goat-raising has shown growth from the initial numbers.

Table: District-wise list of major IGAs taken up by 3984 project beneficiaries

S.N. District Goat

Raising Buffalo Raising

Retail Shop

Piggery Vegetable Farming

Poultry Others

1 Achham 686 37 93

31 53 0

2 Banke 440 123 43 37 7 17 17

3 Bardiya 276 76 90 115 10 1 32

4 Rolpa 776 5 4 66 46 2 1

5 Rukum 874 1 2 11 0 0 12

Total 3052 242 232 229 94 73 62

In % 76.61 6.07 5.82 5.75 2.36 1.83 1.56

As shown in above table, the second highest numbers of beneficiaries, i.e. 242 beneficiaries have opted for buffalo

raising, mostly in Banke and Bardiya districts. Retail shop, pig raising, vegetable farming and poultry farming are also

IGAs that were chosen by more than 1% of the families. Other IGAs chosen by some 62 families include tailoring (32),

small tea shops (5), fish farming (6), cycle repair shop (5), ginger farming (10), cow raising (1), meat shop(1), medical

shop(1) and furniture shop(1).

4.3.1 Status on IGA of Beneficiaries

PMO made several visit to project districts during District Level TOT and Civil Society and CBO Course under Component

3. In this process, site visits were also made to monitor progress of the IGA done by beneficiary families. The aim of

these visits was to monitor progress of the beneficiary families receiving grant support. The visits showed that the

families that took up goat-raising were doing good in terms of growth in numbers. Lack of veterinary services was

identified in some of the remote areas of the hilly districts.

It was observed that those families who worked hard and gave proper attention were doing good in their IGA. The

ginger farming chosen by some families of Khara VDC did not show good result due to some disease. However, they are

hopeful of a better result in next season. Some of the beneficiaries had changed the IGA from that they had previously

chosen to goat-raising due to its lucrative result. Several case studies were collected during these visits. Some significant

ones are provided in Annex.

Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration

Plan of action and budget for final monitoring and evaluation was prepared and approved from ADB. The evaluation

expert is working on the instruments for the said job.

14

Annex - CASE STUDIES

1. Banke - Budhaya Baniya

Wife is Sushila Baniya who is the representative

beneficiary. They are conflict-affected. The family

is running tea shop for a long time. In his shop he

sells various snacks like pakoda, samosa, chat and

sweets.

During conflict time, their property was looted by

armed dacoits many times and himself was

mistreated by the armed forces. The money

received by the family has been invested in his

teashop for purchase of raw materials and gas

cylinder. For the shop, he pays rent of $ 6.2 per

month and built the shop on his own. Due to his

quality service and good behaviour as well as hard

work, he makes around $ 24.7 to 31 per day of

which profit amounts to $ 6.2 to 7.4. He has two

sons aged 18 and 16 years old, both contributing

their time and effort for the family business.

Therefore too, their investment is giving returns. Beside his sons, he has given employment to two other local youths.

Of the income from the shop, he sets $ 0.6 per day for saving and has been able to save upto $ 222.2 so far. From the

savings, he plans to buy a refrigerator to store cold drinks during summer season and better cupboards to store stuffs.

2. Bardiya – Usha Tharu (Thakurdwara Ward No. 1)

Usha received grant support from JFPR as she falls under vulnerable

family. She is running a tailor shop at Thakurdwara in partnership with

her friend Rajani. Rajani cuts the clothes, which she sews daily. Together

they make $ 2.5 to 3.7 per day. They charge minimal amount for the

service they provide in the village. At present, they stitch clothes given

by the customers. With income they are saving an amount of $ 6.2 per

month individually, after taking necessary amount for their personal

expenses from the profit, keeping aside the shop rent and some saving

for business.

Usha has two kids; son is four and a daughter two years old. Her son is

already admitted in a local English medium school thanks to her income

from the shop. Usha and Rajani have set up a joint account for the shop,

from which they distribute the profit after deducting their expenses.

Figure 10 Usha Tharu working at her tailor shop

Figure 9 Budhaya selling snacks to a local customer while his son cooks onion pakoda

15

Their accounting system and work division is not scientific but currently working fine among friends.

After receiving the grant from the project they have added a new sewing machine that has helped expedite their work.

The orders are also increasing. Within a years' time, they have been increased their savings to $160.5. They are planning

to purchase readymade material and sell it at their tailor shop. They are also thinking of providing training to local

women who face difficulties in going out of the village for training. For this they will need an extra sewing machine. They

have plans for this also.

3. Bardiya - Budhani Chaudhary (Thakurdwara- Ward No 1)

Figure 11 Budhani showcasing her new additions to the shop, bangles and cosmetics from the project grant

Married yet single mother is Budhani Chaudhary living in Thakurdwara VDC of Bardiya district. Her husband is one of

those disappeared during conflict. She is running a retail shop since last seven years at the village to support her three

children: a 15 years old daughter studying at class 5, and two sons aged 12 and 9 studying at a boarding school in grades

6 and 3 respectively. Of the support she received from the project, she used $ 142 ie 96% to add goods in her retail

shop. She bought bangles and cosmetic items used by local women. Her daily sale ranges from $ 3.7 to 4.9, making profit

of $ 1.2 in average. She manages to make a saving of $2.5 per month after covering expenses for her and children. Of

the loan $493.8 she had taken previously, she has only $ 86.4 left to repay. Her next priority is to change mud tiles on

her roof, which have become old and leaky.

Budhani is a hardworking lady and does not want to waste time. In addition to the shop, she works in her four kathha

land, takes care of 3 goats and a piglet she recently acquired. She has attended adult literacy classes in the past but

when asked if she would like to attend further training on her IGA, she says, 'Oh please don't ask me to take any more

trainings, my hands are tied already'.

1 US $ = Approximately NRs. 81 as of 31 March 2012

1

ANNEXES

List of ANNEXES

1. Project Steering Committee Member Ministry

2. Executive Summary of Inception Report

3. PGDSW –

a. Course Curricula

b. Participating Ministry Name list

4. Mid Level TOT - Training Sessions and their evaluation by the participants

5. District Level TOT - Session Plan

6. Civil Society and CBO Courses - Session plan

7. Advocacy and Information Materials

a. Calendar - Photos/slides

b. Radio Media Plan

8. Agenda for HIGH LEVEL ORIENTATION – 9-10 June, 2010

9. Name list of selected NGOs

10. District-wise details on VDC Level Consultative Meetings

11. Baseline Survey Report

12. Case Studies on Project Beneficiaries

13. Final Evaluation Report

14. Photo-gallery of Project Activities

2

Annex 1 – Project Steering Committee Member Ministry

S.N Ministry Role

1. Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare Chairperson – Secretary

2. Ministry of Law and Justice Member

3. Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction Member

4. Ministry of Local Development Member

5. Ministry of Education Member

6. Ministry of Health and Population Member

7. Ministry of Land and Transport Management Member

8. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Member

9. Ministry of Industry Member

10. Ministry of Finance Member

11. Ministry of Home Affairs Member

12. National Planning Commission Secretariat Member

13. Department of Women and Children Member, Secretariat

14. Asian Development Bank Observer

15. UNICEF Observer

3

Annex 2- Executive Summary of Inception Report

Executive Summary

Introduction

1. Using funding from the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and

the Government of Nepal have agreed to a four year project to provide support for vulnerable conflict

affected families and children in five Districts within Nepal.

2. Volume I of this report summarizes the proposed project design and associated background

information underpinning this design, while Volume II provides supplementary supporting data.

3. The project has five components:

(i) Component 1, Design stage. This is now completed. The original design components have

been incorporated into the proposed design, with some adjustments in proposed expenditure.

This report, therefore, provides the output for Component 1. The remaining components include:

(ii) Component 2: Legal support for better service standards, in particular for children in need

of protection.

(iii) Component 3: Capacity development, in particular focused on improving the training of

social workers in Nepal through better (i) national and district planning and management

capacities for better child protection and other social services outcomes; and (ii) training

opportunities for those delivering child and family protection services.

(iv) Component 4 Piloting of quality services, with an outreach to some 4,000 conflict-affected

families and their associated communities, over a range of activities, including (i) those that will

prevent future abuse or exploitation; (ii) provision of finance for investments in sustainable

livelihoods; (iii) decentralized community based family support services, including psycho-social

support; referrals and income-generating assistance.

(v) Component 5 Project management, monitoring and evaluation

(vi) The five Districts and Village Development Committees (VDCs) selected by officials and

politicians and targeted for inclusion in the project are:

Table 1 Target Districts and VDCs

Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum

Bhatakatiya Phattepur Patabhar, Karnali Island Uwa Mahat

Baradadevi Binauna Badalpur Gam Chunbang

Dhaku Gangapur Motipur Jelbang Pipal

Kalagaun Bethahani Dhadwar Kureli Ranmamaikot

Dhakari Naubasta Thakurdwara Talabang Hukum

Kuinka Mahadevpuri Mohamadpur Mirul Khara

Baijapur

Source: District Development Officers

4

Component 2 - Legal Support for Better Standards

4. Since the initial formulation of the project, some progress has been made by other institutions on

the introduction of standards, although agreement on how these should be defined has not yet been

reached. This requirement is still, therefore, under further development, and is the subject of a

government Task Force

Component 3 - Capacity Development

5. Widespread experience with poverty reduction indicates that success requires more than simply

short term financial support for those caught in the poverty trap. It requires increased knowledge on

the part of service providers; improved access to markets; improved infrastructure; increased use of

education services by children; improved access to health services and other development mechanisms

that enable citizens to move away from poverty and into sustainable livelihoods.

6. Given that over 60% of participants in a 200 family sample field survey conducted by the

consultant indicated that they were unsure of many sources of support, the proposed capacity

development initiatives are intended to significantly raise awareness levels of rights; coping strategies

and access to support, in particular at a community level. A “tiered” approach to capacity development

is proposed, including:

(i) A high level diploma course in Social Work, lasting one academic year, with selection based

on open entry or sponsorship by the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare; Central

Child Welfare Board; District Child Welfare Board, Department of Women Development. This will

provide the basis for a high level of professionalism in the future. The project will support the

training course for two academic years.

(ii) A train the trainers (TOT) course targeting middle level District officials who will

subsequently run training courses at District level. This course is seen as a prerequisite to

disseminating wider knowledge of social welfare models, child rights and citizen entitlements at

District and VDC levels. The course will cover a wide range of social welfare and child rights

issues, and will be offered in Kathmandu at a leading institution, to be selected. One such course

will be offered, for a total of 15 delegates, over a period of 15 training days. It will be a

requirement that delegates present shorter duration training courses to other trainees at a

District level.

(iii) VDC leaders training courses. These will build on the information, knowledge and skills

provided to delegates during the TOT training. The courses will be offered in each District to

officials and NGO staff who are interacting regularly at community based organizations (CBOs).

The course will be of six days duration, for 30 participants, and cover similar ground to the TOT

syllabus, but in a more abbreviated format.

(iv) Civil Society and CBO courses. The culminating point in all this training will be the

dissemination of greater knowledge and awareness at grass roots levels. Two day training courses

will be presented by those who have attended the VDC training course. The course will be offered

in 30 VDCs.

(v) In order to address the issue of child rights and quality of children’s homes, two courses will

be offered with information on these topics. The first will be a general sensitization course, of

two days duration, offered in each District, for a total of 150 participants. The second will focus

more specifically on child homes, standards, and enforcement. It will be offered in three Districts

5

only, thus reflecting the distribution of child care homes. It will be of two days duration and will

cover a total of 90 participants.

7. These initiatives will be supplemented by development of resource material and brochures, which

will provide an ongoing source of reference at all levels of society within each District. Manuals will

cover (i) access to public resources; and (ii) support for livelihood improvement. In addition, shorter

pamphlets summarizing key resources will be printed, and awareness will be further increased through

use of media, including radio, advertising and videos.

Component 4 - Piloting Quality Services

8. This component is intended to assist with the economic development of some 4000

disadvantaged families in the target Village Development Committee locations. There are three sub

components: (i) income generating activities; (ii) support for children; and (iii) a small level of support

for emergency health needs at a village level. Overall support will be focused on a limited number of

interventions, in order to maximize the likely impact and avoid spreading support too thinly.

9. Income generating activities are based on:

(i) Enhancing smallholder productivity and competitiveness, with the objective of addressing

issues of food insecurity and creating surplus production which can be used for income

generation. Grants of NRP 12000 per family will be made as part of this strategy

(ii) Promoting livestock based activities, especially for those with limited land ownership. The

family grants will be utilised for livestock and associated training depending on support desired by

the individual families.

(iii) Improvements in market access and increased understanding of, and use of, the value

chain, in order to increase prices paid to producers. This is expected to have a major impact in the

medium term by enabling producers to achieve higher prices for their production

(iv) Promotion of non farm employment and self employment, including improved buyer –

supplier linkages

(v) Investment in physical infrastructure in the social sectors, in order to improve basic

community services, including schools, water and sanitation services etc.

10. Support for children will be based on locally based improvement programs developed by child

care specialists contracted under the proposed grant, including:

(i) Community driven improvements in the standards of children’s homes, based on increased

awareness of what constitutes satisfactory standards

(ii) A family reunification program, focused first on non orphaned children who are currently in

homes, but then extending to orphaned children who have relatives who are prepared to provide

a caring family environment

(iii) Assistance for disadvantaged children with special needs,

(iv) Financial assistance with costs associated with primary school education, such as books,

stationery and school uniforms

(v) Piloting locally resourced primary school education for villages where distance is a major

barrier to school attendance.

6

11. Support in the area of health is limited by the availability of funds. After discussion of possible

options, there has been a general consensus that the most valuable form of support would be for start

up funding for village emergency funds intended to be used at the discretion of community based

organization to meet unplanned medical emergency costs.

Performance Reporting

12. Proposed performance reports will reflect project inputs – primarily expenditure against plan – for

each activity, but more importantly outputs and outcomes – how livelihoods have changed and the

extent to which the project has achieved its objectives. Individual beneficiaries will be “tracked”, to

enable changes in livelihoods to be assessed on a sample basis. A “control group” within the same

locations will also be monitored, to enable an assessment to made of the extent to which benefits to

beneficiaries have changed in comparison to those not receiving support. Monitoring livelihood changes

will be for a period of 24 months following the grant only. However, monitoring the development of the

value chain and buyer – supplier relationships is expected to take longer to implement.

Project Structure and Financing

The consultant proposals for project management structure and flow of funds follows the original

agreement between ADB and the Government of Nepal, and is set out in detail within this Volume of the

report

7

Annex -3a PGDSW Course Curricula

Course Design POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN SOCIAL WORK

2010-2011

St. Xavier’s College

Department of Social Work

Affiliated to Kathmandu University

Maitighar, Kathmandu.

8

COURSE OVERVIEW

St.Xavier’s College of Social Work introduces Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work. This is

fundamentally a multi-disciplinary course drawing theoretical concepts from different social sciences,

keeping social work values and principles at the core. Thus, Social Work education focuses on rather

holistic and integrated method of practice than reductionist approach.

Social Work education is an attempt towards the building up of knowledge base necessary for the

practice (through classes), learning and refinement of skills (through block placement of field work

training) and inculcating necessary ethical and value base ( through various exposure programmes and

constant reflection cum research processes ). Therefore, a Social Work education can play a critical role

in shaping up the overall outlook of an individual, equipping and preparing him/her as an agent of social

change.

This Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work is a one year full time course. It concentrates on

professional training. The curriculum comprises three important components: Theory, Field Work and

Research. It enables the students to acquire necessary knowledge of methods and skills of Social Work,

Sociology, Social Psychology, Philosophy, Dynamics of Social Development, Human Rights and Law,

People/Programme Management, Conflict Resolution and practical experience in scientific social

research. To facilitate the above complex professional academic programmes, we follow a praxis

oriented approach which includes independent study, lectures, seminars, research, block placement of

field work training.

As a Xavier Post Graduate Diploma holder in Social Work, he/she will be better trained to practice Social

Work methods and skills gained by a solid theory, practical knowledge, research and evaluation.

Becoming thus far, as professional social workers, they will have the competence and mastery over their

social welfare endeavors and thus contribute to nation building.

COURSE OBJECTIVE

To give senior and middle level managers knowledge and skills to provide policy advice and sector

monitoring expertise across a range of social welfare disciplines.

TARGET

Government officials from various ministries

Department of Women Development

Central Child Welfare Department

From NGOs & others

9

COURSE CURRICULUM:

PAPER - I

SOCIAL WORK -PHILOSOPHY, METHOD AND SETTINGS

I. Introduction to Social Work: Principles. Importance and Relevance of Philosophy to social

work.

• History of Professional Social Work

• Ethics and Values in social work

• Social philosophy for social change- Social reform, Social movement, Social Psychology

• Dynamics of social development, Social mobilization, Community development- traditional,

modern institutions, community participation

II. Nepalese Social structure and social Issues

• Historical foundation of Nepalese society

• Composition of Nepali society

• Inequality and conflict in Nepali society.

• Conflict Analysis , prevention and resolution

• Social protection issues- regarding children, women, vulnerable groups, elderly and marginalized

communities

• Community-based social protection mechanism, Community based care, caring institutions

III. Socio-Economic and Agrarian reform :

• Formal and informal employment.

• Distribution of workers in sectors

• Land ownership and use.

• Literacy rates, educational level of population.

• Agriculture and Environment

• Population, Environment and development

• Bio-diversity and sustainable development

• State of Art.

PAPER – II

LEGAL MECHANISIMS ,HUMAN RIGHTS,CHILD RIGHTS AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS

I. International Justice and Human Rights Law

II. Environmental justice

III. Child Issues , Rights and juvenile Justice

• Child Labor :

• Children in special needs :

• Education of children:

• Provisions in the Constitution of the nation for the Protection of Children.

• UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, MDG.

• Special protocol

• The Children’s Act 2048 (1992)

10

• Child Care Homes Regulations 2051.

• Child Labor Prohibition and Promotion Act 2056(2000)

• Kamaiyas Prohibition Act 2058(2002) Children related Protection and Promotion

Act 2064(2007)

• Adoption of Children: Legal Frame works, Safeguards, Procedures, Rights and

Responsibilities of concerned Sectors, Documents and Follow-ups.

• Juvenile Laws, Children in conflict with Law.

VI. Women Issues and Women Rights:

• Women oppression in general

• Gender discrimination

• Gender Data

• Gender based violence

• Women trafficking , Domestic violence and Dowry

• Women’s empowerment policies

• Gender mainstreaming policies

• UN Convention of the Elimination of all form of Social discrimination against

Women.1969.

• Laws for controlling trafficking and Domestic violence

PAPER – III

POLICIES, PROGRAMS, SUPERVISION AND CONTROL

I. Local Self Government Act 2055 and Regulations 2056

II. Governmental Institutions :

• Government Institutional Framework, its Powers and Functions.

• Central / District Child Welfare Boards

• Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare.

• Ministry of Local Development

• Allied System in Child Protection and their Roles.

III. Gender Policies

IV. Role of informal sectors: INGOs and NGOs :

• Help Line

• Resource Centres for Rescue and Relief

• Types, Conditions, Functionaries and Responsibilities of such centres.

• Networks of Associations, Federations, Roles and Responsibilities for such

cause.

V. State and Civil Society :

• Police

• Media

• Judiciary

PAPER – IV

SKILL DEVELOPMENT OF KEY FUNCTIONARIES

I. Communication Skills: Methods, Instruments, their Effectiveness and Cost in different situations

of Communication.

11

II. Personality and Leadership Traits.

III. Gender Equity and Equality

IV. RRA and PRA Techniques

V. Data Collection, Sampling Techniques, Personal Interview Methods and Participant Observation

VI. Social mapping

VII. GIS, Poverty Mapping Techniques, Managing Information, Maintaining Profile of target groups

of Beneficiaries and Standard Formats of Record Keeping.

VIII. Counseling Methods / Techniques and Focus Group Discussions : Child Psychology, Trauma,

Social / Behavioural / Cultural Factors in Counselling and Problem Definition

IX. Evaluation Processes and Techniques

X. Case Studies :

XI. Setting of Objectives (Long & Short term ) and Measuring of Outcomes.

XII. Institutional Best Practices on Reintegration : Reintegration needs, approaches for conflict

affected, especially children.

XIII. Prevention Strategies : for child Protection, against Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse.

XIV. Formation of Cooperatives : Basic Financial Management, Assessing Demand,

Role of Middle Persons and Product Quality.

PAPER – V

FIELD WORK (INTERNSHIP) cum RESEARCH PROJECT

I. 2 Week long Field Work Placements, twice a year in various Agencies.

II. Research Project Work is to be based on field work experience/learning, case studies,

participant observations and interactive processes with the target groups.

Subject/Theme of the project is to be decided in consultation with the Faculty and Sponsoring

Agency.

12

Annex 3b- PGDSW – List of Ministry and number of nominees

Name of Ministry Nominee

1. Ministry of Home Affairs 4

2. Ministry of Education 2

3. Ministry of Local Development 1

4. Ministry of Land and Transport Management 1

5. Ministry of Industry 1

6. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives 2

7. Ministry of Finance 1

8. Ministry of Health and Population 2

9. Central Child Welfare Board 2

10. Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare 3

11. Department of Women and Children 6

12. Ministry of Land Reform and Management 1

13. Ministry of Commerce and Supplies 1

14. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1

15. Narayanhiti Palace Museum 1

16. Department of Mines and Geology 1

13

Annex 4: Mid Level TOT - Training Sessions and their evaluation by the participants

Day Training Sessions Very good Good Ok Useful

1 Inauguration and Introduction 2 14 1

Social Protection & Social Protection Floor 7 8 3 1

Legal Provisions in Nepal for Senior Citizens and new Constitution 3 12 1 1

Disability in Inclusive Development 5 9 3 1

2 Project Cycle Management 2 13 2 1

Senior Citizen Income Generation Project Cycle 8 9 1 1

Disability and Social Protection 4 9 5 1

Communication Skills with PWDS 5 11 2 1

3 Mental Health Best Practice 5 11 2 1

Children Women and Social Protection 5 9 1 1

Gender and Social Protection 5 10 3 1

Abuse and Social Protection 5 8 4 1

Meditation and Counseling Skills 5 8 4 1

4 Communication Skills 3 10 4 1

Field Visit 4 9 4 1

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 6 9 2 1

Poverty Mapping 3 10 3 1

5 Monitoring and evaluation 5 10 2 2

Problem Solving Techniques 3 9 5 2

Cooperative 3 9 3 1

Leadership Skills 3 11 2 1

6 Business Models 3 11 3 1

14

Migration and Job Issues 5 10 2 1

Recording and Record Keeping 3 10 4 1

Grant Regulation Procedure 2067 3 9 5 1

7 Child and Human Psychology 2 13 2 1

Problem definition 4 10 2 1

Right to Information 4 10 3 1

Training Evaluation, Feedback, Certification and Closing 4 10 3 1

SN Other Training Aspects Very good Good Ok

1 Overall Training 10 6 1

2 Topics 5 10 1

3 Methods and procedure 3 13 1

4 Training methods 5 11 1

5 Participation of trainee 5 10 1

6 Breakfast, Lunch, Tiffin, Water 3 11 2

7 Training hall and place 6 9 2

15

Annex 5 - District Level TOT on Social Protection Session Schedule

Session Day 1 Session

Timings

Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6

8:15-8:30 Highlights of the day

09:00 -

10:30

Inauguration

and

Introduction

08:30-

10:00

Social Protection of

Conflict-Affected and

other marginalized and

vulnerable group

Introduction to Child Rights

Conventions and national

scenario

Child Abuse and Crimes

Against Children ;

Crimes by children- in

local context

Problem solving

techniques on

different issues

affecting community

Formation of peer

pressure groups

Tea Break - 15 minutes

10:45 -

12:15

Concepts on

Social

Protection

10:15-

11:45

Community based

research methodology

and its use in community

level- (Group formation)

GoN Standards and

Practices of Child Care

Homes

Field study/site visit Case Study and

discussion

Formation of peer

pressure groups

and development

of work

plan/action plan

11:45-

12:45

LUNCH BREAK

1:15 -

2:45

Social

Protection

of Women

12:45-2:15 Communication skill Child and Human

Psychology _

behavioral changes among

children subject to abuse

**Roles and

responsibility to

protect and prevent

rights violation by

families, community,

schools, social

mobiliser and

institutions

Focus Group

Discussion- and

presentation

Formation of peer

pressure groups

and development

of work

plan/action plan

Tea Break Tea Break - 15 minutes Training

Evaluation,

Feedback and

Closing

3:00 -

4:30

Social

protection in

Nepal for

Senior

Citizens and

Disabled

2:30- 4:00 Right to Information Counseling services for

victims- women, children,

conflict-affected,

vulnerable, Psychosocial

and others

Local referral

mechanism and

support agencies- child

rights violations,

women and human

rights violations,

emergency reliefs

Project Monitoring

and Evaluation

Techniques and its

use

4:00-4:30 Wrap Up and Information Flow Tea and Snacks

16

Annex 6- Civil Society and CBO Training Session Plan

Session

Day

10:30 – 11:00 (30

min.)

First

11:00 – 12:30

(1.5 hrs)

Second

12:30 – 2:00

(1.5 hrs)

2:00 – 3:00

(1 hr)

Third

3:00 – 4:30

(1.5 hrs)

Fourth

4:30 – 5:00

(30 min.)

1 Inauguration Social security Policy and

strategies of Nepal

Special provisions by the

Government of Nepal

under the social security

for vulnerable community,

especially women,

children, disabled, senior

citizens, marginalized and

conflict-affected

Te

a B

rea

k

Referral mechanism for access

of such services

Review of the

days topics

2 Review of

previous day and

highlights of the

day

Community based

research methodology

and its use at local level

Counselling services and

contact centres for victims

of various discrimination

Focus group discussion

method and use


Review of the

days topics

17

Annex 7A- Snapshots of JFPR calendars – English Calendar Page1

18

Nepali Wall Calendar Page-1

19

Annex 7 b - Radio Media Plan

SN District FM Name Location

First Month Radio Program

PSA Timing Total PSA

per day

Total PSA

per month Program Time Day Repeat on Air Time Day

1 Bardia Fulbari Bardia

7:15, 8:15,

9:15, 10:15

am & 3:15,

4:15, 5:15,

6:15 , 7:15,

9:15 pm

10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 7:30 – 8:00 am Wednesday

2 Rolpa Radio Rolpa Liwang 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Wednesday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Friday

3 Rukum Radio Sisne Rukum 10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 9:30 – 10:00 pm Saturday

4 Banke Krishnasar FM Banke 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Monday 7:00 – 7:30 am Friday

5 Achham

Ramaroshan

FM Mangalsen 10 300

8:30 – 9:00 am Monday 9:15 – 9:45 pm Friday

Panchakoshi Dailekh 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Sunday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Tuesday

SN District FM Name

Total

PSA for

6

months

First Month Second Month Third Month Fourth Month Fifth Month Sixth Month

Total

PSA per

day

Total

PSA per

month

Total

PSA per

day

Total

PSA per

month

Total

PSA per

day

Total

PSA per

month

Total

PSA per

day

Total

PSA per

month

Total

PSA per

day

Total

PSA per

month

Total

PSA per

day

Total

PSA per

month

1 Bardia Fulbari 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240

2 Rolpa Radio Rolpa 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240

3 Rukum Radio Sisne 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240

4 Banke Krishnasar

FM 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240

5 Achham

Ramaroshan

FM 660 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240

Panchakoshi 660 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240

PSA- Public Service Announcement

20

Annex 8 Agenda for HIGH LEVEL ORIENTATION – 9-10 June, 2010

Venue: Local Development Training Academy, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur

Participants: Representatives of CDO, LDO and WDOs from 5 target districts

S. N. Activities

DAY 1

1. Welcome and registration

2. Inauguration by Divakar Devkota, Director General of DWC

3. Presentation on Project Introduction by Divakar Devkota, Director General of DWC

4. Presentation on Project Implementation process and major activities by Shanta Bhattarai, Project

Manager/Under-Secretary, DWC

DAY 2

1. Brief recap of the previous day

2. Introduction to Social Protection in reference with JFPR 9110 Project & Introduction activities under

Component 3 by Sangita Nirola, PMSTL, ASI

3. Project Monitoring and Evaluation System by Dr. Govinda Subedi, M&E Expert, ASI

4. Selection process and TOR of Facilitating NGOs by Ratna Kaji Bajracharya, Joint Secretary, MOWCSW

5. Process of budget release, account-keeping, financial reporting and auditing of the project by Badri

Raj Aryal, Finance Head/Under Secretary, DWC

6. Open floor discussion and planning

7. Closing ceremony-

- Opinion from the participants

- Opinion from the organizers

-Expression of thanks by Divakar Devkota, Director General of DWC

21

Annex 9 Name list of selected NGOs

S.N. District Working VDC Name list of Selected NGOs

1

Achham

Baradadevi WADS Nepal

2 Kuinka Tapsi Shanti Samaj Sewa Sangh

3 Bhatakatiya District Redcross Society

4 Kalagaon VIDEC-Nepal

5 Dhakari Women Awareness Center (WAC) Nepal

6 Dhaku Janalibandali Samaj

7

Banke

Fattepur Bageshwori Asal Sashan Club (BAS)

8 Gangapur Multiple Service Center-

9 Binauna Environment and Rural Development Center ENRUDEC

10 Baijapur Awareness Forum on Human Rights (AFHA Nepal)

11 Betahani Trishakti Apangata tatha Dalit Sewa Sangh

12 Mahadevpuri Society Improvement Program (SIP Nepal)

13 Naubasta Society Awareness Concern Forum (SAC Nepal)

14

Bardiya

Mohammadpur NGO Coordination Committee

15 Patabhar Geruwa Rural Awareness Association, Gulariya

16 Thakurdwara Ajarar, Ujyalo

17 Badalpur Creative Society Nepal , Gulariya

18 Motipur

Women for Human Rights, Single Women Group, Gulariya

19 Dhadawar Tharu Women Upliftment Center, Gulariya

20

Rolpa

Gam Peoples Oriented Service Center (POSC)

21 Thabang Greenhill Rolpa

22 Mirul Dalit Women Awareness Center (DWAC) Nepal, Rolpa

23 Kureli Rural Development and Awareness Society Nepal (RUDAS)

24 Uwa Public Service Center Nepal, Rolpa

25 Jelbang Human Rights Awareness Center (HURAC)

26

Rukum

Pipal Nepal Public Awakening Forum (PAF Nepal)

27 Ranmamaikot MIC Nepal

28 Mahat Human Rights Protection and Legal Service Center (HRPLSC)

29 Chunbang Nepal Indigenous Ethnic Concern Center (NIECC)

30 Khara Sisne Youth Club

31 Hukam Christian Society Development Campaign

22

ANNEX 10 District-wise details on VDC Level Consultative Meetings

Table 1: Details of VDC Level Consultative Meetings of Achham

SN VDCs Participants Facilitator

(NGOs) WCO Representatives

Held

on

Total Male Female

1 Kalagaon 50 32 18 Janak Bhandari

(VIDEC Nepal)

Laxmi Shah

Manakala Neupane

20 Sep

2010

2 Bhatkatiya 63 52 11 Debu Bohara

(District Red Cross)

Laxmi Shah Manakala

Neupane

22 Sep

2010

3 Bardadevi 57 44 13

Padam Bhul

(WADS Nepal)

Manakala Neupane

Bhawana Sharma

24 Sep

2010

4 Dhaku 58 49 9

Kulananda Bhandari

(Janalibandali Samaj Kalyan

Sangh)

Manakala Neupane, Prem

Budha

27 Sep

2010

5 Dhakari 75 67 8 Chandra Kunwar

(WAK Nepal)

Manakala Neupane, Prem

Budha

30 Sep

2010

6 Kuika 63 49 14 Bir Bahadur Shahi, (Tapsi

Shanti Samaj Sewa Sangh) Manakala Neupane

22 Oct

2010

TOTAL 366 293 73

Table 2: Details of VDC Level Consultative Meetings of Banke

SN VDCs

Participants Facilitator

(NGOs)

WCO

Representatives Held on

Total Ma

le Female

1 Betahani 23 15 8

Shova Ram Barma, Pabitra

B.K. (Trishakti Apangatatha

Dalit Sewa Sangh)

Bindu Kunwar, Bishnu

Maya Shrestha, Lila

Thapa

15 July

2010

2 Binauna 54 29 25

Bal Kumari Bhusal, Diya

Neupane

(ENRUDEC)

Shova Shah, Bindu

Kunwar, Bishnumaya

Shrestha, Tara Singh

6 July

2010

3 Naubasta 55 41 14

Ram Prasad Sharma, Om

Prakash Sharma (Samaj

Sudhar Karyakram)

Shova Shah, Bindu

Kunwar, Sharada Singh,

Laxmi Bista

9 July

2010

4 Baijapur 50 19 31

Nijala Dhital, Sarala Regmi

( AFA)

Shova Shah, Bindu

Kunwar, Sanu Maya

Shrestha

10 July

2010

5 Mahadevpuri 43 26 17

Krishna Giri, Sarala Regmi

(Samajik Sachetan Manch)

Shova Shah, Bindu

Kunwar, Sanumaya

Shrestha

12 July

2010

6 Fattepur 40 32 8 Namaskar Shah, Ishwor BK,

Pratima Mahat (BAS)

Shova Shah, Bindu

Kunwar, Ghatana Shah

13 July

2010

23

7 Gangapur 67 47 20

Prabhat Singh Thakuri,

Pradeep Sharma, BishunNath

Mishra (Bahumukhi Sewa

Kendra)

BinduKunwar, Sheela

Khadka, Ghatana Shah 8 July

2010

TOTAL 332 209 123

Table 3: Details of VDC-Level Consultative Meetings of Bardiya

SN VDCs Participants Facilitator

(NGOs)

WCO


Total Male Female

1 Mahammadpur 35 26 9 Dipendra Kumar Yadav

(NGOCC)

Bharati Shah

Shanta Chand

29 Aug

2010

2 Patabhar 119 59 60 KomalChaudhary(Geruwa

Grameen Jagaran Sangh)

Sheela Shah

Shanta Chand

2 Sep 2010

3 Badalpur 100 75 25 Binod Kumar Agrawal, Laxman

Ghimire (Sirjanshil Samaj)

Sheela Shah

Shanta Chand

3 Sep 2010

4 Dhadawar 107 57 50 Tharu Mahila Uthan Kendra Shanta Chand

Geeta Shahi

7 Sep 2010

5 Thakurdwara 104 35 69 Santoshi Chaudhary, Gauri

Malakar & staffs (Ajarar

Ujyalo)

Bharati Shah

Shanta Chand

13 Sep

2010

6 Motipur 20 15 5 Single Women Group for

Human Rights

Bharati Shah

Shanta Chand

13 Sep

2010

TOTAL 485 267 218

Table 4. Details of VDC-Level Consultative Meetings of Rolpa

S.N. VDCs Participants Facilitator

(NGOs)

WCO


Total Male Female

1 Gam 35 27 8 NA* Shanti Shah, Bhim

Bahadur Kunwar 29 Nov 2010

2 Uwa 201 72 129 NA* Shanti Shah, Bhim

Bahadur Kunwar 1 Dec 2010

3 Jelbang 90 73 17 NA* Shanti Shah, Bhim

Bahadur Kunwar 3 Dec 2010

4 Kureli 88 43 45 NA* Gokarna P. Pun,

Bhagawati Gharti 30 Nov 2010

5 Mirul 93 39 54 NA* Gokarna P. Pun,

Bhagawati Gharti 1 Dec 2010

6 Thabang 63 41 22 NA* Gokarna P. Pun,

Bhagawati Gharti 3 Dec 2010

TOTAL 570 295 275

*NA –Not Available (Information not received from WCO)

24

Table 5 Details of VDC Level Consultative Meetings of Rukum

S.N. VDCs Participants

Facilitator (NGOs) WCO


Total Male Female

1 Khara 101 60 41

Man B.Khatri (VDC

Secretary); Amarawati

B.K, Sher Bahadur Oli

(Sisne Youth Club)

Bagh Singh Oli,

Bhawana Shah 9 Oct 10

2 Ranmamaikot 31 5 26 Lajim Oli, Hirawati

Budha (MIK Nepal)

Lila Sharma,

Dipesh Sherpali 15 Nov 10

3 Pipal 115 66 49 NA* Bhawana Shah 29 Nov 10

4 Mahat 160 138 22 NA* Seema KC, Sita

Kunwar 2 Dec 10

5 Chunbang 149 71 78 NA* Bagh Singh Oli,

Dipesh Sherpali 3 Dec 10

6 Hukam 49 30 19 NA* Lila Sharma,

Dipesh Sherpali 17 Nov 10

TOTAL 605 370 235

*NA – Not Available (Information not received from WCO)

25

Annex 11 – Baseline Survey Report

Baseline Survey of Project Beneficiary Families

Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rukum and Rolpa Districts of Nepal

September 2010- April 2011

Strengthening Decentralised Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected

Families and Children

JFPR 9110 NEP

Submitted to

Adam Smith International

Dr. Govind Subedi

May 2011

26

Acknowledgement

The Consultant is thankful to Adam Smith International for entrusting to carry out this study of

multiple implications. The Consultant is equally thankful to the Department of Women and Children

and Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare for its kind cooperation and support during the

baseline survey. The Consultant is also thankful to Women and Children Offices of Achham, Banke,

Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum who have coordinated the baseline survey at the local level.

NGOs personnel who collected data also deserve the thanks.

The Consultant would like to pay special thanks to Shanta Bhattarai, Under Secretary of the

Department of Women and Children. Bipa Tuladhar, the Project Officer of Adam Smith

International also deserves thank for her support in carrying out the baseline survey. Sangita Nirola,

the former Programme Management Specialist Team Leader of Adam Smith International also

deserves the thanks.

Last but not least, we are thankful to all the concerned persons whom provided valuable information

and data during this study.

Dr. Govind Subedi

May 2011

27

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................... 26

Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 28

1.1 Objectives of the Baseline Survey ....................................................................................... 28

1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 28

1.3 Organization of the Baseline Survey Report ........................................................................ 30

Chapter 2: Results ...................................................................................................................... 31

2.1 Demographic Situation of the Project Beneficiary Families ................................................ 31

2.2 Economic Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families .................................................... 34

2.3 Social Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families .......................................................... 41

2.4 Awareness on Rights and Sources of Social Security Support ............................................ 45

2.5 Perception on Adequacy Status of Basic Needs Items ......................................................... 46

Chapter 3: Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................................... 50

3.1 Summary of Findings ..................................................................................................... 50

3.2 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 52

28

Chapter 1

Introduction

The Government of Nepal and the Asian Development Bank have agreed to a four-year project

"Strengthening Decentralised Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected Families and

Children" - JFPR 9110 NEP to provide support for vulnerable and conflict affected families and

children in five districts of Nepal. Among others, the project aims to encourage economic

development of 4000 families affected by conflict by identifying suitable opportunities for gainful

income. The Project is implemented by Department of Women and Children, Ministry of Women,

Children and Social Welfare at the central level. At the district level, the project is implemented by

Women and Children Offices in partnership with local non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Adam Smith International looks at the capacity building, administration, monitoring and evaluation

aspects of the project and this baseline survey has been carried out to establish the baseline

information for assessing the impact of the project in future. The key indicators establish

demographic, economic and social condition of the conflict-affected families.

This baseline survey of Project Beneficiary Families of Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum

was carried out between September 2010 to April 2011. In districts where the beneficiaries were

selected earlier, the survey was done instantly. In Rolpa and Rukum, due to their remoteness,

beneficiary identification process started later and was completed in January 2011. Since the survey

could be started only after identification of the beneficiaries, the survey period expanded by few

months.

1.1 Objectives of the Baseline Survey

• To examine the demographic situation of the project beneficiary families

• To establish the economic conditions – family assets, landholding status, livestock,

livelihood option of the project beneficiary families

• To assess the social condition of the project beneficiary families in terms of literacy and

education status, schooling status of the school going children

• To assess the knowledge of and access to community development programs and social

security among the conflict affected families

1.2 Methodology

This is a cross-sectional baseline survey among the conflict affected people. It will establish the

baseline information of the project beneficiaries (Piloting Quality Services – economic

empowerment) regarding their demographic, economic, social condition. The baseline indicators

will be utilized for evaluating the project achievement.

All program VDCs (or 31 VDCs) in the 5 program districts (Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and

Rukum) were the baseline survey sites.

Table 1.1 Number of beneficiary families, sampled families and families successfully interviewed by

districts

29

District Universe Sampling scheme Interviewed

families No. of

VDCs

Total

beneficiaries

families

Proportion

for sample

Sampled

families

Sampled

families

per VDC

Achham 6 900 0.30 270 45 270

Banke 7 700 0.30 210 30 209

Bardiya 6 700 0.30 210 35 175

Rolpa 6 900 0.30 270 45 269

Rukum 6 900 0.30 270 45 270

Total 31 4000 0.30 1230* 1193*

* The difference of 37 families between sample families and interviewed families is due to non-

response in some of the districts

The total number of families directly supported by the project was taken as the sampling frame for

this baseline survey (Table 1.1). The total number of families supported was obtained from WCO

and NGOs assigned for work in a particular VDC. WCO in collaboration with the different

stakeholders selected the beneficiary families in each VDC.

A two-stage sampling procedure was used in this base line survey. In the first stage, 0.3 fractions of

the beneficiary families were estimated in each district. This produced 270 families in Achham,

Rolpa and Rukum each and 210 families in Banke and Bardiya each. Thus, the total sample size was

1,200 families. In the second stage, the sampling families were distributed for a VDC so that the

diversity of the project beneficiary families can be captured. In districts where there are 6 project

VDCs, 45 families were sampled while in districts with 210 sample families, 30 families from a

VDC was sampled. In the third stage, families were selected using systematic random sampling

procedure from the VDC list of project beneficiaries. For detailed sampling procedure, please refer

to Appendix 1.

Procedure of the Survey

The field workers were hired NGOs who were selected for implementation of the project.

A two days training was conducted to the field workers in each district. In the first day, field workers

were oriented about the thematic issue of the conflict affected families, ways to fill the questionnaire

and ethnic, privacy and confidentiality of the information. In the second day, role play and field tests

were done. The survey questionnaire covered following issues:

Demographic indicators:

• Place of residence - district, VDC, ward number and tole

• Name and sex of head of family

• Caste/ethnic group

• Family size and composition by age and gender

Economic indicators:

• Family assets – landholding, livestock and other assets like Radio, TV, agricultural inputs

30

• Food sufficiency status from own land around the year

• Number of persons employed by occupation according to age and gender

• Number of persons with training and skills for livelihood options

• Main sources of family income

Social indicators:

• Female and male adult literacy rates

• Number of school age children (5-14 years) going/not going to school by gender

• Number of school age children receiving Govt. scholarship by age and gender

• Reasons for not going school/drop out

• Number of school age children by gender involved in child labor

Awareness on Rights and Sources of Support Indicators:

• Number of family members by age and gender involved in social organizations – poverty

alleviation program, women’s empowerment program

• Number of family members involved in school/health post/forest/irrigation management/user

committees in the community/VDC,

• Knowledge and access to information on employment, livelihood options and market centers

• Knowledge and access to government social support schemes like senior citizen allowance,

widow allowance, and conflict affected families.

1.3 Organization of the Baseline Survey Report

This Report is structured in three Chapters. Chapter 1 provides the introduction of the project,

objectives of the baseline survey and methodology. Chapter 2 analyzes the results of the baseline

survey. This chapter is divided into 6 sections. Section one analyses the demographic situation of

survey families; section two explores economic condition of the families; section three analyzes the

social condition; section four assesses whether and to what extent the conflict-affected families have

access to community development programs and their level of participation in such programs. The

final section draws the perception of the respondents on the adequacy of basic needs items both at

the family level and community level. The Final Chapter draws the summary of the findings and

makes conclusions.

31

Chapter 2

Results

2.1 Demographic Situation of the Project Beneficiary Families

Table 2.1 summarizes the demographic situation of the project beneficiary families. The total sample

population of the total surveyed 1193 families consists of 6,369 with 3175 males and 3194 females.

The overall sex ratio is 100.6 i.e. there are 100 females per 100.6 males. However, the sex ratio is

fairly low in Rukum (92.4 females per 100 males), and in Bardiya (98.4 females per 100 males)

districts. On the other hand, there are 114 females per 100 males in Rolpa district.

The average family size of the sampled families is at par with the national average. However, it is

almost one-family member higher in Achham (6.3) district and one-family member lower in Rolpa

district (4.4).

The age-structure of the sampled population shows fairly high proportion of child population. The

proportion of children aged 0-4 consists of nearly 9 per cent. Child population is much higher in hill

districts compared to the Terai districts. Similarly, 27 per cent of the total population consists of 5-14

years – a school going age population. This proportion is slightly higher in Banke and Rukum vis-à-

vis the average figure.

Table 2.1 Overview of demographic situation of the study population

Indicators Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Age-structure

0-4 9.7 7.5 6.5 9.4 9.8 8.8

5-14 26.3 28.2 26.3 26.0 28.2 27.0

15-59 56 56.5 62.4 55.3 55.8 56.9

60+ 8 7.8 4.8 9.3 6.2 7.3

Sex

Male 849 558 501 547 697 3175

Female 850 580 493 623 644 3194

Total 1699 1138 994 1197 1341 6369

Sex ratio (females per

100 males) 100.1 103.9 98.4 113.9 92.4 100.6

Average family size 6.3 5.4 5.7 4.4 5.0 5.3

No. of families 269 209 175 269 270 1193

Caste/Ethnic Groups

Table 2.2 illustrates the distribution of sample families by caste/ ethnic groups in survey districts.

The caste/ethnic categorization has been made on the basis of prevailing sociological categories of

Nepal. Government of Nepal has categorized Dalits (hill or Terai), Janajati (hill or Terai) and

Muslims as disadvantaged groups in Nepal

In the survey areas, there are diverse ethnic/caste groups with distinct socio-economic

characteristics. In Achham district, two-thirds of the families consist of Brahmin/Chhetri and one-

32

fourth are of Hill Dalits. The Hill Janajati consists of 6 per cent of the total families. In Bardiya

district, an overwhelming majority of families are Tharus (72%), followed by Brahmin/Chhetri

(14.3%). One family falls in Muslim caste group whereas four families are of Hill Janajati. In Banke

district, majority of families are of Brahman/Chhetri (29.2%) followed by Tharu (25%) and Terai

caste group (10%). The family of unidentified group constituted 7.7 per cent.

Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of sample families by caste ethnic groups

Caste/ethnic group Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Brahman/Chhetri 65.2 29.2 14.3 2.2 27.8 28.8

Hill Janajati 6.3 8.1 2.3 74.3 42.6 29.6

Tharus 0.0 24.9 72.0 0 0 14.9

Hill Dalits 25.2 8.6 4.0 23.4 29.6 19.8

Muslims 0 8.6 0.6 0 0 1.6

Terai caste groups 0 10.0 3.4 0 0 2.3

Terai Dalits 0 2.9 1.7 0 0 0.8

Unidentified group 3.3 7.7 1.7 0 0 2.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

Majority of families in Rukum are Hill Janajati (43%). The second largest group is Hill Dalit (30%)

and Brahman/Chhetri consists of 28 per cent. In Rolpa, nearly three-fourths of the families are Hill

Janajati and Dalit covers 23 per cent of the total sample families.

Status of Disability

Table 2.3 presents the percentage distribution of population by status of disability. Overall, a total of

408 or 6 per cent of population consists of at least one type of disability. Physical disability stands

out to be the prime type of disability in the surveyed families. Sight related disability and listening

related disability are of noticeable.

The status and types of disability do not differ markedly across the districts. Yet the extent of

physical disability is more prevalent in Rukum (4.4%) and it is lower in Achham district (1.5%).

Similarly, ratios of population with listening and speech related disability, mental and multiple

disabilities are lower in all districts.

Table 2.3 Percentage distribution of sample population by districts, according to disability status

Disability status Achham Bardiya Banke Rukum Rolpa Total

No disability 96.5 93.4 94.6 91.8 90.8 93.6

At least one disability 3.5 6.6 5.4 8.2 9.2 6.4

Number of disabled persons 59 66 61 110 110 408

Types of disability

Physical disability 1.5 2.6 2.4 4.4 2.9 2.7

Sight related 0.3 1.7 1.0 1.4 2.3 1.2

Listening related 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.0

Listening and speech related 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.7

Mental disability 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4

33

Multiple disability 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Population 1,699 994 1,138 1,341 1,197 6,369

Categorisation of Vulnerable Beneficiaries

Table 2.4 presents the distribution of families surveyed to be whether or not directly affected by

conflict. More than two-thirds (68%) of the families surveyed come from the conflict-affected

families while the remaining come from the vulnerable and poor families. The other categories of the

vulnerable families were: very poor, death of a family member due to HIV/AIDS, disability, single

women, mentally ill, death of a family member abroad, death of a family member due to accident,

disadvantaged groups, families taking care of orphans and death of a family member due to wildlife.

Table 2.4 Distribution of families surveyed by status of conflict-affected

Categories Achham Bardiya Banke Rukum Rolpa Total

Conflict-affected families (in

number)

247 104 139 173 150 813

Vulnerable and poor families (in

number)

23 71 70 97 119 380

% of conflict-affected families out

of total families surveyed

91.5 59.4 66.5 64.1 53.8 68.1

Of conflict-affected families (in %)

Partially affected 64.0 15.4 17.3 45.7 29.3 39.5

Severely affected 36.0 84.6 82.7 54.3 70.7 60.5

Among severely affected (in %)

Family member killed 4.5 21.2 18.7 23.7 40.7 19.8

Family member

arrested/abducted/torture

11.7 25.0 39.6 21.4 7.3 19.4

Family member displaced 17.8 6.7 17.3 2.9 17.3 13.0

Family member disappeared 1.2 28.8 7.2 6.4 4.7 7.5

Family member injured 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.5

Lost property 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

In all the surveyed districts, the proportion of conflict-affected families is higher than families

vulnerable due to other reasons. An overwhelming majority of the conflict-affected families were

selected in Achham district (91.5%) and the least in Rolpa district (54%).

Further, of the conflict affected families, 60.5 per cent were severely affected by conflict on the

whole. This holds particularly true in case of Bardiya, Banke and Rolpa districts. Among the

families of conflict victims, the highest proportion constitute families which have at least one

member killed (20%), followed by family member arrested/abducted and tortured (19%), displaced

(13%) and disappeared (7.5%). The highest proportion of the surveyed families in which at least one

member had died in conflict, was in Rolpa district; in Banke, it was arrest/abduction/torture (40%);

in Bardiya, it was disappearance (29%), and in Achham, it was displaced (18%).

Status of Headship

34

Table 2.5 shows the percentage distribution of sample families by sex of the family head. Out of

1193 families, about 62 percent are headed by males and 38 percent by females. With respect to

districts, half of the families in Bardiya is headed by females and nearly 46 per cent each in Banke

and Rolpa. The proportion of families headed by females is unusually high in all districts except in

Achham compared to the national figure of 16 to 17 per cent. The unusually higher proportion of

families headed by females may be attributed due to death or disappearance of male members from

the family.

Table 2.5 Percentage Distribution of Sample Families by the Sex of the Family Head

Sex of the family

head Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum

Total

Male 78.5 54.5 49.1 54.3 65.6 61.6

Female 21.5 45.5 50.9 45.7 34.4 38.4

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

Migration

People migrate elsewhere to sufficiently improve their livelihood. The incidence of migration in all

the five district is 15 per cent with 18 per cent for males and 16 per cent for females. Female

migration is the highest in Rukum (21%), followed by Banke (16%) while it is the lowest in Bardiya

(9%). Note that the incidence of male migration is higher across all the districts except in Banke

(Table 2.6).

Table 2.6 Distribution of sample population 5 years and above by migration status

Migrants Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Non-migrants (in number)

Total 1441 959 878 1032 1040 5350

Male 689 451 428 488 533 2589

Female 751 508 450 544 507 2760

Migrants (in number)

Total 258 107 116 165 301 947

Male 160 72 73 86 164 555

Female 99 179 43 79 137 537

% migrants to the pop of 5

year and above

Total 15.2 19.2 11.7 13.8 22.4 15.0

Male 18.8 12.4 14.6 15.0 23.5 17.7

Female 11.6 15.7 8.7 12.7 21.1 16.3

Among the migrants of five districts, 62 percent send some remittances to their homes during the last

12 months of the survey.

2.2 Economic Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families

35

2.2.1 Ownership of House and Types of House

In the sampled families, 5.5 per cent to the sample families do not have their own houses or are

living in a house which is not owned by them. This category of families in the sample is the houses

that are built in other's land. Among the districts, 9 per cent of families in Bardiya, 8 per cent in

Rolpa have no ownership of houses (Table 2.7).

Table 2.7 Percentage distribution of sample families by status of own house

Owned House Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Yes 97.8 94.7 91.4 92.2 95.2 94.5

No 2.2 5.3 8.6 7.8 4.8 5.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

13. Construction Materials of Roof

Majority of families (40%) have used straw as construction materials for roof (Table 2.8). This

implies that these are the very poor families. This proportion is much higher in Rolpa and Rukum

while it is the lowest in Achham. The comparable proportion of families making roof by using mud

tile, corrugated sheet, and concrete is fairly lower (13.2%, 10.7% and 2.1 % respectively).

Table 2.8 Percentage distribution of sample families by the construction material of the roof

Construction

material of roof Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Straw 18.1 37.3 34.9 58.7 48.9 40.1

Corrugated sheet 1.5 6.7 20.0 8.6 19.3 10.7

Mud Tile 0.0 38.8 42.3 0.0 0.7 13.2

Stone 80.4 1.0 0.0 32.7 30.7 32.7

Concrete 0.0 9.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 2.1

Others 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

Among the survey districts, it is noteworthy that nearly 59 percent of families make roof of straw in

Rolpa district. In Achham, more than 80 percent of families make roof of stone. The majority of

families in Bardiya district utilize mud tile in making roof (42.3%) whereas no families use roof of

mud tile in Achham, Rolpa and Rukum.

Construction Material of Wall

Four-fifth of the houses is found to be made of mud and stone in the sample families (Table 2.9).

There were 4 per cent of the houses made of bamboo and 7 per cent houses use brick as wall. An

overwhelming majority of houses are made of mud and stone in Rolpa, Rukum and Achham districts

(99.3%, 98.1 and 98.1 % respectively).

Table 2.9 Percentage distribution of sample families by the construction material of the house

Construction Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

36

material of house

Mud and stone 98.1 47.4 33.1 99.3 98.1 80.0

Wood 1.1 13.4 3.4 0.7 1.9 3.7

Bamboo 0.7 15.3 10.9 0.0 0.0 4.4

Brick 0.0 23.0 20.6 0.0 0.0 7.0

Others 0.0 1.0 32.0 0.0 0.0 4.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

2.2.2 Land Ownership and Livestock Possession

Among the surveyed families, 21 per cent were landless (Table 2.10). This proportion is much

higher in Bardiya (33%) and Banke (29%) districts compared to other districts. Thus, proletarisation

of landlessness is much higher in Terai region compared to the hills ones. Among the families with

some land, majority of families are marginal holders (less than 0.5 ha).

Table 2.10 Percentage distribution of sample families by the ownership of land

Ownership of land

to the family Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Yes 85.9 70.8 67.4 81.8 81.9 78.7

No 14.1 29.2 32.6 18.2 18.1 21.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

Livestock

In rural setting, the higher the number of livestock in a family the better the livelihood options.

Table 2.11 presents the livestock status of the surveyed families. In the survey, nearly 64 per cent of

families have at least one cattle. The average number of cattle per family is nearly two (cow, bull

and oxen). The proportion of families with at least one cattle is the highest in Rolpa (80%) and

lowest in Bardiya (39%).

Table 2.11 Livestock status

Livestock Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Cattle

% of families with at least

one cattle 75.9 40.2 38.9 79.6 70.7 63.9

Sum of cattle 463 199 141 911 617 2331

Average number per family 1.71 .95 .81 3.39 2.29 1.95

Buffalo


one buffalo 55.9 31.6 37.1 16.4 34.8 35.2

Sum of buffalo 218 123 134 79 173 727

Average number per family .81 .59 .77 .29 .64 .61

Goat/ Sheep


one goat/sheep 40.7 49.3 49.7 48.3 43.0 45.8

Sum of goats/sheep 396 347 271 599 538 2151

37

Average number per family 1.47 1.66 1.55 2.23 1.99 1.80

Pig


one pig 1.5 14.4 36.6 18.2 8.5 14.2

Sum of pig 13 48 82 64 37 244

Average number per family 0.05 .23 .47 .24 .14 .20

Duck/Chicken


one duck/chicken 29.6 22.5 62.3 71.4 43.0 45.6

Sum of duck/chicken 319 428 565 1079 480 2871

Average number per family 1.18 2.05 3.23 4.01 1.78 2.41

With regard to domestication of buffaloes, 35 percent of families have at least one buffalo. The

proportion of families with at least one buffalo is highest in Achham and the lowest in Rolpa (55.6%

and 16.4% respectively).

More than 45 percent of families have at least one goat/sheep. On an average, there are 1.8

goat/sheep in a family in five districts. The proportion of families with at least one goat/sheep is

highest in Bardiya and lowest in Achham (48% and 41% respectively). Only 14 percent of families

raise pigs, with considerable proportion of families in more in Bardiya (37%) and the least in

Achham (1.5%).

In survey districts, more than 45 per cent of families have at least one duck/chicken. There are 2.41

ducks/chickens per family in five districts. On the other hand, the proportion of families with at least

one duck/chicken is the highest in Rolpa and lowest in Banke.

2.2.3 Other Family Assets

Data on families' facility reveal that majority of sample families are poor families (Table 2.12). Only

45 per cent families possess radio. There are less than one-fourth of the families with

telephone/mobile phone and cycles in the survey districts. The proportion of families who have

television and sewing machine is even lower (6 % and 5% respectively).

The possession of means of communication (ownership of radio, TV, Telephone/Mobile) markedly

varies by district. Among the district, the highest proportion of families possessed radio is in Banke

(58%) and followed by Bardiya (44%). More than two-thirds of the families in Banke and Bardiya

have bicycles. The access to telephone and mobile is least in Rukum (11.5%) district.

Table 2.12 Percentage distribution of sample of population families by family facilities

Family facility Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Radio 43.3 58.4 44.0 41.6 41.1 45.2

Television 0.4 15.3 18.9 0.7 3.0 6.4

Sewing Machine 1.5 6.7 16.0 2.6 3.7 5.3

Cycle 0.0 68.4 69.1 0.0 0.0 22.1

Telephone/Mobile 13.0 53.1 48.6 16.0 11.5 25.6

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

38

2.2. 4 Access to Public Utility Services

Access to Main Sources of Drinking Water

The access to safe drinking water facilities is catalytic factor for maintaining the provisions of

hygiene and sanitation. The access to source of drinking water among the families of five districts is

presented in Table 2.13. Out of 1193 families more than half of the families have access to tap water

for drinking and domestic purpose (about 51%) while the lower proportion of families have access to

pipe water (29%).There are lower proportion of families who have excess to tube-well and well

(9.2% and 8.9% respectively).

Table 2.13 Percentage distribution of sample families by main sources of drinking water

Main sources of

Drinking Water Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum

Total

Piped-water 33.7 2.4 5.1 39.0 50.0 28.9

Tube-well 0.0 37.3 18.9 0.0 0.0 9.3

Tap 54.8 57.4 73.7 39.8 38.1 50.9

Well 11.5 2.9 2.3 12.6 11.5 8.9

River 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.4 2.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

The piped water is considered to be safe for drinking purpose. The provision of piped water is found

moderately higher in Rukum (50%) followed by Rolpa (39%).The situation of access to safe drinking

water (i.e piped water) is substantially poor in Banke district (2.4%) followed by Bardiya (5.1%). The

predominance of families from Bardiya district consumes water from tap (73.7%) and followed by

Banke and Achham (57.4% and 54.8% respectively). The access to safe drinking water differs

significantly between the districts.

Access to Toilet Facility

The access of toilet facility is one of the good provisions of hygiene and sanitation. Table 2.14

reveals the proportion of families by type of toilet used in five districts. Overall, more than three-

fifths of the families do not have toilet facility i.e. they use open toilet for defecation. On the other

hand, there are 14 and 9 per cent of families using pit toilet and pit toilet with water throw facility,

respectively. Among five districts understudy, an overwhelming proportion of families in Rolpa

make use of open toilet (88%) and followed by Rukum (84%) and Banke (79%).

Table 2.14 Percentage distribution of sample families by the types of toilets used

Types of Toilet

used Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Open Toilet 57.0 78.9 72.6 88.1 84.1 76.3

Pit toilet 10.0 8.1 17.1 5.9 8.1 9.4

Pit with water

throw 33.0 12.9 10.2 5.9 7.8 14.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

39

Main Sources of Light

Table 2.15 reveals the distribution of families by source of light. Majority of families in the sample

area use wood as main source of light (36%) while one-fifth have access to electricity and another

one-fifth consumes kerosene as source of light. In rural hilly districts, use of solar system as an

alternative source of light is encouraging (17%). Among the study districts, use of electricity is

somewhat satisfactory in Bardiya (48%).

Table 2.15 Percentage distribution of sample families by the main source of light

Main source of

light Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Electricity 4.8 26.8 48.0 18.6 15.6 20.5

Kerosene 3.0 54.5 42.3 7.1 9.3 20.1

Wood 70.4 8.1 1.1 42.0 43.0 36.7

Solar 19.6 10.5 4.0 27.1 18.5 17.2

Bio-gas 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1

Others 2.2 0.0 4.0 5.2 13.7 5.4

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

2.2.5 Food Sufficiency Status

Food sufficiency is a state in which all family members have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious

food to meet their dietary needs and healthy life. Table 2.16 shows the food sufficiency status by

districts. In the survey, only 9 per cent families have food sufficiency from their own production for

all the family members around the year. Among the families with food deficiency status, 15 per cent

have 1-3 months food deficiency, 31 per cent for 4-6 months deficiency, 26 per cent for 7-9 months

deficiency and 26 per cent 10-12 months deficiency. Conversely, more than one-fourth (26%)

families have only food sufficiency only for three months and nearly 44 per cent of the families have

food sufficiency for less than six months. Thus, the food security situation among the families of five

districts is extremely poor.

Table 2.16 Percentage distribution of Sample Families by the food sufficiency status

Food sufficiency

status Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Food sufficiency 0.7 25.8 20.6 3.7 5.2 9.7

1-3 months 15.2 6.2 5.7 26.4 17.8 15.3

4-6 months 37.8 22.0 18.9 33.8 37.0 31.2

7-9 months 25.6 8.6 12.0 13.4 23.7 17.4

10-12 months 20.7 37.3 42.9 22.7 16.3 26.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

Food sufficiency status markedly varies by survey districts. A relatively better condition is found in

Banke (26%) and Bardiya (21%) districts compared with other districts. On the other hand, nearly all

40

families in Achham have food deficiency around the year. In Bardiya, Banke and Rolpa, nearly 43

percent, 38 per cent and 23 per cent of families have food sufficiency only for three months.

2.2.6 Main Sources of Livelihood for the Family

More than 65 per cent of population of Nepal depends on agriculture for their livelihood (Table

2.17). In the survey families, 53 percent of families depend on earnings from agriculture while one-

third depend upon daily wages in non-agriculture sector. Here non-agricultural economic activities

mainly include construction laborers, potering and carpentering. There are tremendously lower

proportion of families receiving earnings from small cottage industry, service, business, foreign

employment and animal husbandry. In case of Rolpa district, there are equal proportions of families

who get return from agriculture (48.7%) and daily wage in non-agricultural occupation (48.7%) for

their livelihood.

Table 2.17 Percentage distribution of Sample Families by Family’s main income sources

Main Occupation Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Agriculture 58.1 60.8 36.6 48.7 57.0 53.1

Animal husbandry 4.4 3.3 2.9 1.5 3.3 3.1

Small cottage industry 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1

Service 1.1 1.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.8

Foreign employment 2.2 6.2 4.0 0.4 1.1 2.5

Business 3.3 4.3 5.1 0.4 0.4 2.4

Daily wage in

agriculture 4.4 6.7 16.0 0.4 3.7 5.4

Daily wage in non-

agriculture 26.3 17.2 33.1 48.7 34.4 32.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

The proportion of families depending upon agriculture as the main livelihood varies by districts.

Almost 61 per cent of families in Banke, 58 per cent in Achham, 49 per cent in Rolpa and 37 per

cent in Bardiya depend on agriculture. There are no families receiving income from service in

Rukum and Rolpa. In Banke district, it is observed that relatively higher percentage of families

making income from foreign employment (6.2%) and this is followed by in Bardiya (4%).

2.2.7 Preferred Family Occupation

In the baseline survey, the respondents were enquired what occupation they would prefer to engage

in if any support is provided for (Table 2.18). Majority of families prefer to goat raising (47%). This

particularly holds in hill districts. The second highest preferred occupation is retail sales (16%),

especially in Bardiya, Banke and Achham districts. There are few families perceiving that they

would earn a better living through occupational skill development. In Banke district, 31 percent

families prefer to milk products as a family occupation while it is 11 per cent in Bardiya district.

Table 2.18 Percentage distribution of sample families by preference of family occupation for better livelihood

41

Preference of family

occupation Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Goat raising 60.4 23.9 16.6 61.7 55.6 46.8

Retail sales 18.9 21.1 29.7 10.8 6.7 16.3

Milk products 3.0 31.1 11.4 0.7 0.4 8.0

Pigs raising 0.0 7.2 13.7 8.2 4.8 6.2

Vegetable farming 7.4 4.8 7.4 6.7 3.3 5.9

Sewing 4.8 7.7 8.6 4.8 4.1 5.7

Not reported 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 20.7 4.8

Chicken raising 4.4 3.3 8.6 4.1 1.5 4.1

Occupational skill

development 1.1 0.5 1.7 2.2 0.4 1.2

Furniture making 0.0 0.5 1.7 0.7 2.6 1.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

2.3 Social Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families

2.3.1 Female and Male Literacy Rates

In order to examine the literacy rates of the surveyed families, all the family members aged 6 years

and above were asked whether or not they could read and write in any language. Two indicators of

literacy rates – overall literacy rates and adult literacy rates are presented in Table 1.19. The former

is defined as the number of 6 years and above population who can read and write in any language to

the total population of 6 years and above. The latter is defined as the number of persons aged 15

years and above who can read and write to the total population of 15 years and above.

Table 2.19 Percentage distribution of population aged 6 years and above and adult literacy rate (15 years and

above) by sex and districts, 2010.

District 6 years and above Adult literacy rate(15 years and above)

Male Female Total Literate

females

per 100

males

Male Female Total Literate

females

per 100

males

Achham 82.4 63.1 72.6 79 77.8 50.2 63.8 67

Banke 79.6 63.9 71.6 83 74.4 51.1 62.4 72

Bardiya 71.1 55.2 63.1 78 60.4 41.5 50.6 74

Rolpa 76.0 56.7 66.0 81 69.3 45.3 56.5 74

Rukum 65.3 51.7 58.8 72 56.7 39.9 48.5 67

Total 75.2 58.5 66.8 79 68.4 45.9 56.9 70

The overall literacy rate (6 years and above population) of the surveyed families is estimated to be

67 per cent which is almost equal to the national average. The literacy rates are much higher in

Achham and Banke districts.

The adult literacy rate is 57 per cent. Among the districts, Rukum has the lowest adult literacy rate.

Data also reveals that gender variation in literacy rates prevails across the districts. Overall, 70 adult

42

females per 100 adult males are literate in the survey area. Gender variation is much higher in

Achham and Rukum districts.

2.3.2 Educational Attainment

Among the study districts the proportion of population aged 6 years and above who are just literate

is highest in Rolpa (24%) and followed by Achham (20.9%), and the lowest is found in Bardiya

(12.7%) and followed by Banke (13.2%).The percentage of population achieved primary education

is highest in Rukum (51.1%), followed by Bardiya (43.1%), and lowest in Achham (35.5%). The

ratio of population who has lower secondary education is highest in Rolpa (15.6%) and lowest in

Achham (10.2%). The ratio of population who attained secondary level of education is found highest

in Banke (23.4%) and higher education is highest in Achham (11.5%), and the corresponding figures

are lowest in Rolpa (10.3%) (Table 2.20).

Table 2.20 Percentage distribution of sample population 6 years and above by educational attainment, 2010

Educational level Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Total

Just Literate 20.9 13.2 12.7 24.0 14.0 17.5

Primary 35.5 39.4 43.1 49.4 51.1 42.8

Lower Secondary 10.2 13.6 15.1 11.6 15.6 12.8

Secondary 22.0 23.4 19.2 10.3 14.7 18.4

Higher Education 11.5 10.4 9.8 4.7 4.6 8.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 1093 734 582 700 699 3808

Males

Just Literate 19.0 11.0 14.4 20.9 16.7 16.7

Primary 30.8 39.9 41.3 52.2 48.4 41.4

Lower Secondary 10.7 12.5 15.3 10.1 14.5 12.3

Secondary 24.4 26.4 19.9 11.9 15.2 20.1


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 610 401 327 387 407 2132

Females

Just Literate 23.2 15.9 10.6 27.8 10.3 18.4

Primary 41.4 38.7 45.5 46.0 54.8 44.7

Lower Secondary 9.5 15.0 14.9 13.4 17.1 13.5

Secondary 18.8 19.8 18.4 8.3 14.0 16.2


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 483 333 255 313 292 1676

The ratio of female population who attained primary education is highest in Rukum (54.8%) and

followed by Rolpa (46%). The corresponding figure of males is highest in Rolpa (52.2%) and

followed by Rukum (48%). The ratios of female population who achieved both secondary and higher

level education are highest in Banke district (19.8% and 10.5% respectively).

2.3.3 Schooling Status of Children Aged 5-14 Years

43

Data reveals that an overwhelming majority of children (91%) are reported to be currently attending

schools. This holds for both sexes. For example, overall 9 per cent of children have not been

currently attending school (either never enrolled in schools or dropped out). The proportion of not

currently attending school is higher for girls over the boys. Among the districts under study, more

than one-fourth of children aged 5-15 are not currently attending school with girls 31 per cent and

boys 21 per cent (Table 2.21).

Table 2.21 Distribution of children aged 5 - 14 years by schooling status

Indicators Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Total

Attending (in number) 386 271 237 249 267 1410

Not attending (in number) 19 2 9 14 92 136

% not attending 4.7 0.7 3.7 5.3 25.6 8.8

Boys



% not attending 4.0 0.8 2.2 3.7 21.4 7.4

Girls



% not attending 5.4 0.7 5.4 7.0 30.7 10.3

Note: 5 cases from Rukum did not report so they are not shown in the Table.

Reasons for not Attending School

Table 2.22 summarizes the reasons for children not attending schools. Poor economic condition

(26.9%) stands out to be the major reason where as even the parents are not willing to send children

to school (18% children not attending school because of this reason). The third important reason is

the heavy workload at home (13%), the fourth reason is that the schools are too far (6%).

More girls over boys are not attending schools because of poor economic condition (27.4%) and no

desire of parents (24.7%). Some girls are not attending in school due to fail in examination, school

too far and disability/sickness.

Table 2.22 Percentage distribution of children aged 5-14 years reasons for not attending schools

Reasons for not attending Boys Girls Total

Work at home 15.8 11.0 13.1

Far school 5.3 6.8 6.2

No desire of parents 8.8 24.7 17.7

Failed in examination 3.5 11.0 7.7

No good school environment 0.0 1.4 0.8

Too small 35.1 15.1 23.8

Disabled/sick 5.3 2.7 3.8

Poor economic condition 26.3 27.4 26.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 57 73 130

Note: 6 cases did not report so they are not shown in the Table.

44

Status of Children who are not Attending School

If children are not attending school, what do they do? This is summarized in Table 2.23. Out of 136

children currently not attending schools, 45 per cent are helping at family work. This proportion is

particularly high for girls (54.5%) over boys (25%). Another one-third of children not attending

school are idle children (neither work nor go to school) and remaining 21 per cent are working

outside of the family. The major type of works in which the children are involved, outside of their

house, is as helper in hotel, domestic worker, vehicle cleaner and as helper at construction sites.

Table 2.23 Percentage distribution of children aged 5- 14 years who have not attended school by their current

working status, 2010.

Working Status of Children Boys Girls Total

Family work 33.9 54.5 45.6

Work outside house 20.3 20.8 20.6

Idle 45.8 24.7 33.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 59 77 136

Types of work in which children

are engaged

Helper at hotel 25.0 6.3 14.3

Domestic worker 41.7 50.0 46.4

Work as vehicle cleaner 16.7 6.3 10.7

Helper at construction sector 0.0 6.3 3.6

Don't know 16.7 31.3 25.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 12 16 28

Status of Receiving Scholarship

In our sample population, only 7.7 percent of children who attended schools in the last academic

year received some scholarship (Table 2.24). Girls receiving scholarship is almost twice than that of

boys who received scholarship. Note that the Government of Nepal has scholarship program for all

Dalit children, children of highly marginalized ethnic groups and girls in primary education. Even

with the Government provision of scholarship, large number of children are reported not getting any

scholarship scheme in the surveyed families.

Table 2.24 Percentage distribution of children aged 5 -14 years by status of receiving scholarship in the last

academic year (for all districts)

Received scholarship in the 12

months

Boys Girls Total

Yes 4.8 10.8 7.7

No 95.2 89.2 92.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 672 651 1323

45

2.4 Awareness on Rights and Sources of Social Security Support

2.4.1 Participation of Family Members in Community Development Programs

In order to understand the families' involvement in the social and development programs, a question

was asked whether or not any of the family members are currently involved in forest users group,

safe-drinking water group, poverty alleviation program, banking program, women empowerment

program and school management committee.

In Achham, majority of families whose family members are involved in community development

programs are mainly involved in forest user groups (56.6%). More than 95 per cent of families are

not involved in users groups of safe drinking water, poverty alleviation, banking, and women

empowerment programs (Table 2.25).

Table 2.25 Percentage of families with member of community development programs

Districts Community

forest users

group

Safe

drinking

water

Poverty

alleviation

program

Banking

program

Women

empowerment

program

School

management

committee

Achham 56.6 3.4 4.6 3.4 3.4 0.0

Banke 43.1 4.3 2.4 4.3 11.5 1.0

Bardiya 56.6 3.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 0.0

Rolpa 14.5 18.6 4.1 0.7 4.1 0.0

Rukum 13.3 5.6 14.4 0.7 4.1 0.0

Total 29.3 14.5 19.6 1.8 5.6 0.2

In all five districts, more than 80 percent of families who are not involved in community

development programs are also not involved in safe drinking water, poverty alleviation program,

banking program and women empowerment program.

2.4.2 Status of Receiving Skill Oriented Training

Out of 4092 respondents of 1193 surveyed families, only 38 respondents (14 males and 24 females)

have received at least one skill oriented training (Table 2.26) such as training on electric wiring,

wood works, vegetable farming, sewing and health & sanitation. All those who have received

training also reported that they have not fully utilised their skills due to lack of resources, market

facilities and lack of confidence in the skills learnt.

Table 2.26 Population distribution status aged 15 years and above who have received skill oriented training

(in number)

Training Received Male Female Total

No skill training received 1999 2093 4092

At least one training received 14 24 38

% received at least one skill

oriented training 0.7 1.1 0.9

46

2.4.3 Senior Citizen, Single Women and Conflict-Induced Disabilities

Of the total surveyed families, 23 percent have at least one single women (widow), 11.7 per cent

have at least one person with disability by birth or by sickness, 9.6 per cent senior citizen (70 years

and above) and 7.4 percent families have at least one conflict-induced disabled person. The

proportion of families with senior citizen aged 75 years and above is reported to be higher in Rolpa

(17.5%) while it is lower in Achham (11.1%). The proportion of families with single women is the

highest in Bardiya (36%) and the lowest in Rukum (14.1%). The families with conflict-induced

disabled person are highest in Achham (12.2%) and lowest in Bardiya (4.6%) (Table 2.27).

Table 2.27 Percentage of families with at least one senior citizen, single woman, conflict-induced disabled

and other disables

Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Senior Citizen (70 years

and above) 11.1 3.8 8.6 17.5 5.6 9.6

Single Woman 16.7 25.8 36.0 27.5 14.1 23.0

Conflict-induced disabled

person 12.2 6.2 4.6 4.8 7.8 7.4

No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193

Similarly, the families with disabled by birth or by sickness is found higher in Bardiya (22.3%) and

lower in Achham (3.3%).

In the survey, it was found that majority of the respondents were unaware of the social security

provided by the state to the senior citizens, single women and conflict-affected families. Even if they

were aware about this fact they lack proper documents such as citizenship certificate,

recommendation letter from VDCs etc. to avail those services.

2.4.5 Perception on Adequacy Status of Basic Needs Items

Perception on Adequacy of Basic Needs Items in the Family

In the baseline survey, respondents were enquired their perception on whether or not some of the

basic needs items – food, housing facility, clothing, health treatment, children's education and family

income – are adequate for their family. The results are presented in Table 2.28.

In Banke district, 66 per cent of respondents claim inadequacy in food, 46 per cent in housing

facility, 32 per cent in clothing, 47 per cent in health treatment, 36 per cent in child education and 64

per cent in family income.

Table 2.28 Perception on adequacy status of basic need items

Not adequate Adequate

More than

adequate Number Percent

Achham

47

Food 82.6 17.4 0.0 270 100.0

Housing facility 42.2 57.0 0.7 270 100.0

Clothing 59.3 40.0 0.7 270 100.0

Health treatment 57.8 41.9 0.4 270 100.0

Children education 53.0 46.3 0.7 270 100.0

Family income 83.3 16.7 0.0 270 100.0

Banke 100.0

Food 65.6 34.4 0.0 209 100.0


Clothing 32.1 66.5 0.5 209 100.0



Family income 64.1 26.8 9.1 209 100.0

Bardiya 100.0

Food 74.9 25.1 0.0 175 100.0


Clothing 60.6 38.9 0.6 175 100.0



Family income 78.9 20.6 0.6 175 100.0

Rolpa 100.0

Food 78.1 21.9 0.0 269 100.0


Clothing 50.2 49.8 0.0 269 100.0



Family income 80.3 19.3 0.4 269 100.0

Rukum 100.0

Food 86.3 13.7 0.0 270 100.0


Clothing 68.5 30.7 0.7 270 100.0


Child education 43.0 56.3 0.7 270 100.0

Family income 83.9 15.9 0.7 270 100.0

In Bardiya district, only 25 per cent of respondents have adequacy in food, 42 per cent in housing

facility, 39 per cent in clothing, 18 per cent in health treatment, 41 per cent in child education and 21

per cent in family income. Thus, a large proportion of respondent's view is that they are deprived of

the basic needs.

In the case of Rolpa district, majority of respondents reported adequacy in housing facility (62%),

health treatment (56%) and child education (56%). But, majority of respondents claim their

perception that they lack adequate food (78%), clothing (50%) and family income (80%).

Out of 270 respondents in Rukum district majority of respondents reported adequacy in child

education (56%) followed by health treatment (49%). But, majority of the respondents claim that

they lack of adequacy in food (86%), in housing (50%), in clothing (68%), in health treatment

(49%), in child education (43%) and in family education (84%).

48

Perception on Public Facilities and Utilities

Question was asked to the respondents about their perception on the access to the public facilities

available in their community and the results are presented in Table 2.29.

In Achham district, 30 percent respondents perceive that they have good access to safe drinking

water followed by primary education (18.5%). Majority of respondents claim that they have

satisfactory access to primary health care (95.9%), primary education (80%). On the other hand, 40

per cent and 13 per cent of respondents report bad access to road and market facilities respectively.

More than 60 per cent of respondents have no facility of electricity and road.

In Banke district, about 27 percent of respondents claim that they have good access to primary

education followed by safe drinking water (17.7%). More than 68 percent of respondents expressed

that they have satisfactory access to primary health care, primary education and safe drinking water

(86.6%, 68.4% and 69.9% respectively). On the other hand, 43.5 percent and 19.6 percent of

respondents report bad access to road and market facility respectively while more than 50 percent

respondents have no market facility and electricity.

In the case of Bardiya, fairly more respondents expressed their perception that they have good access

to primary education (55%) followed by primary health care (35%). About 50 per cent have

satisfactory access to market facility, electricity and road facility (49%, 49% and 49% respectively).

On the other hand, 33.7 per cent and 31 per cent of respondents expressed that they have bad access

to market and electricity facility respectively. More than 16 per cent respondents have no facility of

safe drinking water.

Table 2.29 Perception on Access to Public Facilities and Utilities

Good Satisfactory Bad No Facility Percent

Number

Achham

Primary health care 3.3 95.9 0.4 0.4 100.0 270

Primary Education 18.5 80.0 0.7 0.7 100.0 270

Safe drinking water 30.4 62.6 5.9 1.1 100.0 270

Electricity facility 1.9 25.9 3.7 68.5 100.0 270

Road facility 1.1 30.0 40.4 64.4 100.0 270

Market facility 1.9 43.7 13.0 41.5 100.0 270

Banke





Road facility 5.3 36.4 43.5 14.8 100.0 209

Market facility 0.5 26.3 19.6 53.6 100.0 209

Bardiya





49

Road facility 35.4 48.6 15.4 0.6 100.0 175

Market facility 9.1 49.1 33.7 8.0 100.0 175

Rolpa





Road facility 2.6 1.5 10.4 85.5 100.0 269

Market facility 3.7 39.4 8.9 48.0 100.0 269

Rukum





Road facility 25.2 12.6 62.2 0.0 100.0 270

Market facility 3.0 27.0 12.2 57.8 100.0 270

Source: Baseline Survey for Beneficiary Families, 2010.

In Rolpa district, about 24 percent of respondents expressed that they feel that they have good access

to safe drinking water followed by primary education (11.2%). More than 60 percent of respondents

informed that they have satisfactory access to primary health care, primary education and safe

drinking water (88.8%, 69.1% and 63.2% respectively). On the other hand, 19.3 percent and 12.3

percent of respondents report bad access to electricity and safe drinking water respectively. More

than 60 percent respondents have no road and electricity facility.

In Rukum district, about 25 percent of respondents felt that they have good access to road facility

and followed by primary education and safe drinking water (11.9% and 11.1% respectively). More

than 80 percent of respondents expressed that they have satisfactory access to primary health care,

primary education and safe drinking water (94.8%, 84.4% and 80.0% respectively). However, 62.2

percent and 12.2 percent of respondents report bad access to road and market facilities. More than 57

percent respondents have no electricity and market facility.

50

Chapter 3

Summary and Conclusions

3.1 Summary of Findings

On demographic Situation

• The total sample population of the total surveyed 1193 families consists of 6,369 with sex

ratio of 100.6.

• The average family size of the sampled families is 5.3. However, it is 6.3 in Achham district.

• Thirty six per cent of the total population is child population (0-14 years) and 27 per cent of

the total population is school going age population (5-14 years).

• All major caste/ethnic groups have been captured in the survey. The capture of disadvantaged

groups such as Dalits, Janajati and Muslims is of remarkable.

• The incidence of disability is 6.4 per cent which is very high for social security purposes.

• One-fourth of the families have at least one family member away from home.

On Economic Condition

• Among the survey families, 21% are landless and three-fourth are marginalized holders

• Nearly 6 per cent of the families do not have their own house. They are residing in a house

constructed of others land.

• Majority of houses are made of mud and stone in the hills and mud and bamboos in the Terai

district.

• Ninety per cent of the families do not have food sufficiency around the year from their own

agriculture and 44 per cent do not have food sufficiency even for six months

• The survey families have some livestock. Findings show there are 64 per cent families with

at least one cattle; 35 per cent with at least one buffalo; 46 per cent with at least one goat; 14

per cent with at least one pig and 46 per cent of families have with at least one duck/chicken.

• Main Livelihood Strategies of the surveyed families are agriculture (53%), wage labor (38%

) and migration (6%). Of the total sample population aged 5 years and above 2 per cent are

working as a foreign laborer for their livelihood.

• Public facilities such as access to toilet are very poor in the survey area. More than three-

fourths of the families do not have toilet facility. Only one-fifth of the families have

electricity as the main source of light.

On Social Condition

51

• The adult literacy rate appears to be satisfactory in the survey area compared to the national

figure. The adult literacy rates for males and females are 68 and 46 per cent respectively.

• There is wide gender gap in literacy rates as well as in educational attainment. Female

literacy rates are meagre particularly in hill districts.

• Currently 9 per cent of the school going children aged 5-14 years have not attended schools.

It is 7 per cent for boys and 10 per cent for girls.

On Participation on Community Development Programs and Skills Learnt

• Overall, 29 per cent of the families have at least one-family member as a member of

community forest user group, 15 per cent families have at least one-family member in safe

drinking water user group, 20 per cent in poverty alleviation program, 2 per cent in banking

program, 6 per cent in women empowerment program and 0.2 per cent in school

management committees.

• Out of 4092 adult population, only14 males and 24 females have received at least one skill

oriented training in study areas.

• Of the total surveyed families of 1193 in five districts, 23 percent have at least one single

women (widow), 9.6 per cent with senior citizen (70 years and above) and 7.4 percent

families have at least one conflict-induced disabled person.

52

3.2 Conclusion

Drawing on the findings of the baseline survey, the following conclusions may be inferred.

The vulnerable and the conflict affected families in the survey districts are living in a miserable

condition. They are very poor in terms of income, human resources, exposure with the community

work and knowledge on access to social security provided by the Government. They mainly depend

on agriculture but the productivity of agriculture is low. Many also depend upon wage labor on a

daily basis. Wage labor, however, is not available for all seasons. In rural setting, it is seasonable.

The livelihood of the conflict-affected families also depend some extent on foreign labor migration.

In terms of demography of the conflict-affected families, there is higher number of dependent

population. In some of the families, there are no working adult men. In such families, women bear

double burden – rearing and caring of children and production of goods and services.

In terms of human resources, despite the satisfactory level of literacy rates, the educational level

required for seeking for a good job among the conflict affected families is fairly low. Although a

large proportion of children are reported to be attending school, regularity of children in school is

questionable due to poor economic condition of the parents.

In terms of participation in community development program, the findings suggest that many of the

conflict-affected families have no access to community development programmes. In many VDCs, it

was reported that such community development programmes do not exist. There has been grossly

lacking of skill oriented persons. Thus, even with some increasing trend of migration from the

conflict-affected families, they ultimately end up with marginalized and sometimes stigmatized job.

In order to tackle this problem, the project has to increase the skills of the family members,

especially women; provide regular education for children preventing them from drop out; and

provide income generating activities including market facilities. The project also needs to develop

awareness among conflict affected families about their rights and entitlement provided by the state.

Annex - 12

Case Studies on Project Beneficiaries Case studies compiled by Adam Smith International

Case 1 - We shall overcome

Case 2 - Infinite Disappointment Finite Hope

Case 3 - Stitching a new destiny

Case 4 - A Long ride begins with one single pedal stroke

Case 5 - Nailing Poverty

Case 1 - We shall overcome Case study compiled by Adam Smith International

Even before you could knock on the door of the rather dilapidated hut of Dil Sara Pariyar,

fleeting sounds would come of the prattle of little children; a boy memorising his lessons; a

soothing song of a girl putting a

baby to sleep. The sounds are

familiar, something one would

associate with happy times!

However when the door is opened,

the sounds seem to belie the truth.

This is a single woman headed

family with eight children, not sure

whether there will be enough to eat

the next day. The clothes are

tattered, the hut decrepit, the

household belongings scarce,

appearances unkempt and on floor

a few bowls of rice gruel, the family staple food.

It does come as a surprise to see the smile of a child

lurking in the corners of this house- a reflection of

indomitable hope that better times will come;

something which the family is working hard on with a

little help from the ADB funded JFPR Project.

Dil Sara is thirty; her face however seems much older,

vicissitudes of daily struggle run as creases across her

face. Hidden behind her commonplace demeanour, Dil

Sara is a remarkable woman. Alongside her

responsibilities of taking care of eight children, she

works as an agricultural labour for most of the year to

supplement the meagre income that her 4 kathas of land

yields. Home in the evening after the back breaking work

in the fields she cooks and tends to her children aged

from 14 years down to 8 months.

Quick Facts

Name: Dil Sara Pariyar

Age: 30

Sex: Female

Social Status: Dalit

District: Banke, Nepal

VDC: Naubasta, Ward No: 2

Vulnerability: Woman headed household

with eight children aged 14-8 months. No

remunerative source of income

Occupation: Marginal farmer/Agricultural

labourer

Financial support system: meager,

receives intermittent remittances from

her husband who works in India

Productive Asset through project grant:

2 goats for herself and two for her

mother in law

Date of documentation: 17/8/2011

Follow up visit: 29/06.2012

Her husband is not there to share the burden nor is he there to share her feelings. He has gone

to India for employment so that he could make some money for the family. But he manages to

come home and bring the meagre amount of Rs. 3000, albeit only once a year. That particular

month becomes Dil Sara's only month of the year when the family has proper food and the

children get the company of their father. And once he returns, the family spends the rest of the

year with the memory of the last visit, and in anticipation of the next. The intervening period is

spent in the daily struggle of living with meagre resources.

She has assiduously refused to fall prey to the temptation of using her adolescent children as

extra pairs of hands to supplement the family income. Instead she sends them to school-

conscious that this requires her to put in extra hours of work. The two elder children, one boy

and one girl, go to school. However, aware of her dire economic condition, one is not sure how

long they will be able to continue- for the best of intentions need to be backed by resources.

During our conversation she told us that four of the eight children are from her husband’s

previous wife who had eloped leaving the young children behind. Dil Sara’s remark for a

moment stumped us, "How could I leave the kids to die for the fault that is not theirs?" There is

poverty of money here but no poverty of love. Dil Sara wants to give them a chance to break

the vicious cycle of poverty by providing them a chance to get educated. Her own biological

children are still too small to go to school.

With marginal land holding, a run-down hut whose thatched roof barely holds during the rainy

season, eight mouths to feed, no source of assured income and no savings at all for

emergencies, the family was living on the

margins. Life was meandering in fits and starts

through abject poverty. It was a watershed

when the community of Naubasta VDC (Ward

number 2) identified Dil Sara as a vulnerable

household which should receive the benefits of

supplementary support under the ADB-funded

Strengthening Decentralized Support for

Conflict-Affected and Vulnerable Families and

Children project.

The grant of Rs. 12,000/- (US$176) under the

project was god send. There were many firsts in

Through the small intervention by the project

we hope that the lines of the Nepali Poet

Laureate Laxmi Prasad Devkota would not

apply to the children of Dil Sara

Who is this child? Who can this be?

Whose father was poor?

Which mother held you on her knee? –

Two burning lamps for eyes, speaking, sure.

Whose hope opened the eyes turned them free

To the eyes of the sun and the moon?

Why has it faded? Why has it withered?

Why has this life’s light dimmed so soon?

Bhikhari (Beggar) by Laxmi Prasad

Devkota, translated by Albert Hariss

her case- a Bank account was opened in her name, a citizen card was issued, and the state and

community had stepped in to support her own efforts to rise above her circumstances.

The first thought which came to Dil Sara, after the

grant had been transferred, was the assurance that

she could now manage food for her family for next

8 months- but what after that? The decisive shift

would be in balancing her family’s pressing present

needs with an assured income stream in the future.

The Women and Children Office of Banke District

advised and trained Dil Sara on investing a part of

the project grant in buying goats which she could

breed and sell, and thereby have a steady future

income stream. She has bought four goats by

spending Rs 6,000/- (US$ 88), two of which she has

given to her mother-in-law who is equally poor and

Dil Sara with her twins. Also seen are the two goats bought by her funded through the project grant

Meru Nepali, the Mother In Law of Dil Sara, who is a destitute, whom Dil Sara gave two of the four

goats she has bought with the project grant. Magnanimity in face of scarcity is what characterizes Dil

Sara, something we cannot help but salute.

the remaining two she has kept for herself. Magnanimity in face of scarcity is what

characterises Dil Sara. The rest went on buying provisions to fulfil the basic needs of the

children and some food for their nourishment - a well thought out balance between the present

and the future. Now she has Rs 1000/- (US$ 15) as an emergency fund in the bank as savings.

An investment has been made by a family which fights hunger every day. Now she and her

family have a fighting chance of breaking through her hand-to-mouth existence.

The returns will take some time to come, but there is hope and likelihood that the income

generated will bring better days, even if it is a hope on the edge for the time being.

The above case study was written in August 2011, we went back in June 2012 curious to know

whether the spark of hope we had seen a year back still remained or had the initial promise

fizzled out. And we found Dil Sara still putting up a brave front, her husband had not returned,

the food on the family table was still meagre and the creases on the face of Dil Sara had not

ceased. But the

change we saw was

Dil Sara’s

confidence- the 'I

can do it' attitude,

which we had seen

last time, was much

more pronounced

and did not seem at

all misplaced. Now

she has four goats,

from her initial two,

and she plans to sell

the male goat in

November, and

estimates will get

around Rs. 5000. We

asked her what will

she do with the money, and we got an answer which we were not expecting. She replied she

would get each of her twins gold earrings. Perplexed we asked why she should be doing this. Her

Dil Sara stands confidently with the goats, the two she has bought have now multiplied to four, by

November she will sell one of them, and expects to get Rs. 5000. The investment of Rs. 12000 is

poised to yield returns.

response made sense, gold is an investment, the prices of gold always rises, and the gold

earrings are insurance for her children when they grow up. And she also added, the goats will

again multiply, I now have an assured source of income and more importantly of savings.

Interestingly of her eight children, four of them (including two daughters) go to school, the

youngest two twin daughters are still too young to go, and we expect them to get enrolled when

they come of age.

As we walked away from the hut of Dil Sara, we were convinced that the hope which appeared

to be on the edge a year ago has now been mainstreamed.

Case 2 - Infinite Disappointment.. Finite Hope Case study compiled by Adam Smith International

Ratna still remembers that day, eight years ago,

when the military picked up her husband, an

agricultural labourer, for interrogation. Not that

her husband had taken any sides in the conflict,

he was picked up arbitrarily to pry from him

information on movement of the suspected ultras

in the vicinity of their village. He came home

rattled from the long interrogation, but relieved

that he had been let off. Little he was to know

that this was the beginning of a saga which would

push him and his family into penury and despair.

But soon he started receiving death threats, as a

suspect of being an informer. With the Damocles

sword of death hanging, her husband was unable

to move out freely and seek work in the village.

The family’s already strained resources were by

now depleted. Unable to sustain, Ratna’s husband

threw in the towel and decided to move to India

to find work and also safety.

Ratna still remembers the silhouette of her

husband as he walked the village gravel road to

catch the jeep to the India border. That was the

last the family saw of him, he has not come back

since. Ratna suspects her husband was murdered,

who and where she does not know, but is

convinced that the political conflict was the cause.

Eight years is a long time, much has changed since, the past enemies have now reconciled, but

the scars of Ratna’s loss is still a reality, as she counts the tattered threads of her family’s life,

and hypothesise what could have been had her husband been alive. “Tears do not come any

more, how long can one cry”, is what Ratna told us.

Ratna Nepali, beneficiary under the JFPR project.

Ratna put on her only piece of jewellery, a green

bead necklace, in anticipation of our visit.

Quick Facts

Name: Ratna Nepali

Age: 35

Sex: Female


District: Banke, Nepal

VDC: Naubasta, Ward No: 2

Village: Peetmari

Vulnerability: Disabled widowed woman with

four children to support.

Occupation: None

Financial support system: Begs for food

Productive Asset through project grant: 2 goats

procured through grant under JFPR Programme


With no assets, and Ratna being

handicapped, with swellings and

joint pains which is chronic, there

was no means for a livelihood for

her and the four children. The

children were small; her eldest

daughter was then seven years

old. With no recourse in hand,

the family had to do the

unthinkable- resort to begging in

the village. Possibility of having a

meal a day was now dependent

on the charity of others; there

can be no helpless situation than

that. As her daughter Mishal

grew up (now fifteen), there was

the obvious temptation to send

her for work. She joined the labour gang in India, through the labour contractor in the village .

In three stints she has worked a total of about 15 months with labour gang on road

construction in Uttaranchal State of India, the India border being only 5 kms from her village.

Her earning of Rs, 120 per day did provide the much needed relief for the family. However

threat of trafficking has made Ratna stop her daughter from going to India. But poverty is a

difficult demon to satisfy, destitution at home might again force Mishal to go to India with

labour gangs. The route to Mumbai, Delhi or Kolkata red light districts is just a small hop, with

touts on lookout for vulnerable girls. Sixteen years ago, then aged thirteen, Ratna’s own niece

was trafficked. This is a stark reality for many in such impoverished conditions. With no

wherewithal to search for the disappeared child, these families cling to the memories of their

daughters’ childhood, and hope that maybe one day she will return. This hope however goes

unrealised, The story of missing girls in these parts of Nepal can be shocking. It is said that

anyone who has ever struggled with poverty knows how extremely expensive it is to be poor.

You lose so much - self esteem, honour, hope, faith and roots. Ratna’s case corroborates this.

Life remains a daily struggle, however within this struggle the yearning for better day's remains.

Probably this explains why Ratna’s two sons are now studying in local Christian Missionary

School. The two daughters including Mishal are enrolled in the local government school.

Ratna with her children- she has four children, the boys study at a

local Christian Missionary School. Her elder son(not in picture) stays

at the hostel with lodging boarding provided by the school.

The grant under the JFPR could not have

come at a more opportune time. Ratna’s

name was recommended for receipt of

grant by virtue of being a conflict affected

household and as well as living under abject

poverty. A part of the money which Ratna

received was spent on one last ditch effort

to get medical cure for her knee pains. The

hope was that she could get cured, and

thereby earn by working in a a agricultural

labour in the village. The rest went into

investing on two goats. While the medical

treatment did not yield any result, the goats

have multiplied and she plans to sell one

goat this November which will get her an

estimated amount of Rs. 5000.

And what would this mean for the family?

Its not just food, not just clothing or not just

medicines - it would mean much more. In in

all probability Mishal will not be again

forced to go to work in India and be under

threat of being trafficked. This would mean

that another life will not get wasted in the

by lanes of a red light district.

The designers of the JFPR Program would have never

thought that the grant to conflict effected household

would save a girl child from being abducted and sold

into flesh trade. Mishal (above), Ratna’s daughter will

not have to go to India anymore for work with labour

gangs, from where young girls are known to be

trafficked. All because the returns from the

productive assets created through the JFPR grant has

started yielding financial returns to the family. There

is a hope of change in the air!

Case 3 - Stitching a new destiny Case study compiled by Adam Smith International

It is said that joy and sorrow, hope and

disappointment, victory and defeat and

many such countervailing emotions are

stitched together into the fabric called life.

But when darker shades overwhelm the

brighter ones, life seems to be in a shadow.

This is how it was for Durga Pariyar, when

her alcoholic husband a few years back in a

spate of anger set fire to their house and ran

away. It was providential that Durga and her

children escaped. Durga remembers, “the

neighbours had rushed and put off the fire

before it could do any substantial damage”.

Her husband never came back, nor does

Durga wait for him anymore.

Since long Durga has been sewing clothes on

an old rickety sewing machine to support her

five children and as well as her husband’s

drinking habit. She reminiscences, “thankfully

my mother taught me how to stitch,

otherwise I do not know how I would have

supported the family”. The old machine could

hardly cope, despite demand, Durga could

stitch maximum of 2 pair of salwar kameez (a

is a traditional dress worn by both women).

Durga is a skilled tailor, her shop Neema Tailors has no dearth of customers. However as with

the new Apple iPad , while demand is not a problem, supply was ! She would miss deadlines,

and also customers to the 6-7 other tailoring shops in the vicinity, and resultantly lower

earnings.

Durga like her mother who gave her tailoring skills, intends to give her children especially her

daughters ability which will help them to be economically independent. She told us “ the best

Quick Facts

Name: Durga Pariyar

Age: 40

Sex: Female


District: Bardiya, Nepal

VDC: Thakurdwara, Ward No: 6

Vulnerability: Singal Woman Houshehold with

five children to support.

Occupation: Tailoring

Financial support system: None

Productive Asset through project grant: 1

sewing machine


gift I can give to my children is education and skills to be independent. If I do that I can die in

peace”. This meant that a significant proportion of family income would get diverted towards

education. Despite her skills as a tailor, the old sewing machine could afford just enough to

keep the kitchen fires burning and the children in school. Working on low margins, and with five

children to feed and educate, Durga could never muster enough capital to invest on a new

machine. With access to formal credit scarce in rural Nepal, raising capital through a bank loan

never was an option.

To break the cycle of poverty, infusion of capital was required so that the family could afford a

new machine and increase the productivity of its tailoring enterprise. This is exactly what the

grant of Rs. 12000 under the JFPR project was able to achieve. Durga spent Rs. 10000 from the

project grant to invest on a brand new sewing machine. Her productivity has since doubled, she

can now stitch four salwar kurtas a day up

from the two previously. And here earnings

are now significantly higher. In the off

season she earns around Rs.400 a day and

during season the returns are about Rs.

1000. Her investment in her children’s

education is also paying off, her eldest

daughter has just finished her college and

has started earning Rs. 3000 as a teacher.

The business is good, and the family is

trying to build up a saving. The targets are now also higher- “maybe a professional degree for

my son”, muses Durga.

Thanks to the JFPR project, Durga has now stitched in a few more colours into her life, and this

time the colours are brighter.

Case 4 - A Long ride begins with one single pedal stroke Case study compiled by Adam Smith International

It is said that cycle tracks will

abound in Utopia. HG Wells

penned these lines in his book

The Modern Utopia, believing

that in all probability future will

have no place for cycles. But for

Man Kumari Chowdhary and

Saitu Chowdhury, keeping the

cycle on track, is proving to be a

life changer.

Man Kumari and Saitu got

married about 16 years ago, and

have two children both of whom

are studying in school. Saitu for

most part of his life has been

working various odd jobs as a

guard, labour or waiter at street

side joints in Kathmandu. The flow of income

was unsteady. Man Kumari would stay in the

village with the two children. Much that the

family would have liked to live together, limited

work oportunities in the village denied them

that wish. The earnings of Saitu was meagre

and erratic. There was no land in the village to

fall back on. The family was poor, dependent on

Saitu’s daily wages. There were times when

resources of the family would be at the ebb ,

whenever Saitu would have no work. Saitu

recollects “ I never had a steady job, and when

out of work and unable to send any money

home I would get so restless, and sometimes curse myself of being incapable of looking after my

family”. A couple of years back Saitu came back from Kathmandu having secured employment

in a cycle repair shop which had recently opened in the village. The shop did brisk business,

Quick Facts

Name: Man Kumari Chowdhary

Age: 33

Sex: Female

Social Status:



Village: Bhrkaiyatol

Vulnerability: Poor household with no steady

income source

Occupation: Intermittent non farm work


Productive Asset through project grant: Cycle

shop


Saitu Chowdhary and Man Kumari Chowdhari at their cycle repair

shop setup through the JFPR grant

since it was the only repair shop in the vicinity. However as luck would have it, the shop wound

up, the owner who was not a

resident left for his native village

to attendend to pressing family

needs. Saitu got thinking,

opening a cycle repair shop was a

good investment, and he knew

the work well by now. He had

shared his plans with his wife

Man Kumari, she encouraged

him. There was demand, skill and

willingness, the missing piece

was the capital , which Saitu did

not have.

The cycle shop now appeared to

Saitu as a means to break

through the web of poverty , it

beckoned him with a promise of

a better life. The boat had come

and docked on his shore, if he missed to climb in,

he would never cross the river , the other side

appeared full of promises. But Saitu did not have

the resource to afford the ticket to ride on the

boat. Saitu was resigned to his fate, There is a

saying in Nepalese ��

�� meaning do not regret the things that

are beyond your reach.

But things took an unexpected turn, under the JFPR

, Saitu’s wife, Man Kumari was selected as a

beneficiary for a grant of Rs. 12000, given the

economic condition of the family. Here was the

seed capital for attempting to setup the cycle repair

shop. The sum was leveraged with a small loan

from relatives. Its now been more than a year the

shop has started. Initially starting with rudimentary

equipment, and the profits were ploughed back to

buy more spares and tools. The shop earns on an average Rs.400 per day. Man Kumari helps

Man Kumari has become quite proficient in repairing cycles and runs

the shop on her own in absence of her husband. JFPR grant has

empowered her, to take on activities beyond the threshold of her

home.

“We have made it”- the smile says it all

Saitu in the shop, and has picked up skills of cycle repair very well, and can manage the shop

alone in Saitu’s absence.

As they say, nothing succeeds like success, and Saitu is now thinking of opening a piggery with

five of his friends. The plan is that Man Kumari will manage the shop, while Saitu will be full

time involved in the piggery. Saitu will soon be called “Saitu Sahu” - the businessman’not just

Saitu. The grant not only helped start an entrepreneurial activity, it also has empowered Man

Kumari, till now a homemaker. As we spoke to her, she with consummate skill, repaired the

brakes of a cycle. And we all laughed when Saitu remarked, “if my wife cannot repair the brakes

properly, I will make the horn louder”. The laughter, the confidence and the hope all spoke of one

thing, Saitu and Man Kumari had not missed the boat, they had safely crossed the river of

hopelessness, the other side has much to offer.

Case 5 - Nailing Poverty Case study compiled by Adam Smith International

The socio economic strata to which Pardeshini and

Phulram belong, fighting against odds and making a

marginal living is a norm. Not due to lack of any ambition,

or hard work, but largely due to absence of financial

capital. Living on the margins of society, managing the

very basics of two square meals a day is considered good

enough, dreaming to reach beyond that is a past time. It is

said that success is the ability to do better than good

enough, and Pardeshni and her husband Phulram Tharu

with a little help from JFPR grant have crossed the “just

good enough threshold”. They are a joint family who

besides themselves and their three children, include

Phulram’s parents and his two brothers and their family.

Phulram reminisces “ the longest job I have every held is

being an agricultural labour, and when I got a job as an

helperin an carpentry shop, something from within me

said that this is my opportunity. I learnt as much and as

fast, and in a year was rather proficient, and as luck would

have it the shop folded up, I was back to the fields, but

what I had learnt was with me”. Phulram would discuss

with his wife Pardeshini that opening a carpentry shop in

the village would be a good idea. Phulram says ”so many

evenings I and my wife would spend day dreaming

about our own shop. The thought itself was so

exciting, we knew we did not have the capital, and

the shop would never be a reality, but it does not

need an investment to dream”.

Pardeshni was selected for the JFPR grant of Rs.

12000, given the precarious financial straits of the

family. Here was lump sum money, the much needed

capital; the carpentry shop did not seem a dream

anymore- hammers, drills, saws were bought and a

plot of land taken for Rs. 100 a month on rent on

which he himself constructed a makeshift shop.

Phulram was ready to go, waiting for customers, and

they came initially a trickle and then in droves.

Quick Facts

Name: Pardeshni Tharu

Age: 32

Sex: Female

Social Status: Tharu



Village: Bhrkaiyatol

Vulnerability: Poor household with no steady

income source

Occupation: Intermittent non farm work


Productive Asset through project grant:

Carpentry shop


Phulram Tharu , his wife Pardeshini is the

recipient of the JFPR grant. Unfortunately

we could not meet Pardeshini since she

was not well the day we visited the

village.

Phulram had the skills and the attitude; he says “I have always met deadlines, because a satisfied

customer will always come back”. And no doubt his wood working skills are excellent. And the erstwhile

agriculture labourer now had in his employ three assistants. With profits ploughed in, soon came the

mechanised wood cutting machine, which boosted productivity, the returns took a sharp upturn.

Phulram claims he can do even better, only if he had a cottage industry licence which would enable him

to buy wood himself for the furniture he makes. Now the customers bring in the wood, and he shapes

them into doors, beds, chairs, tables, sofa etc. But Phulram says the success of the shop is better than

what he used to dream of.

At the helm of a joint family, Phulram’s share

is the mainstay. Recently his brother went to

Qatar, his travelling expenses were funded

through a loan of Rs. 85000. Phulram from

the earning of the shop has been able return

more than 50% of the loan. He is confident

the remaining will also get paid, not from

remittance, but from the profit generated by

the shop. Children go to school, there is

enough to eat, and enough to dream and

enough confidence that dreams can be

realised.

When we were driving from Bhurkiyatol,

Phulram’s village, on the highway we saw a

bill board featuring a Honda advertisement

which had a tag line which said “Power of

Dream”. What works for a multinational

corporation also works for Phulram and his

family living on the margins- dream realised.

Phulram with the pride of his shop, the mechanised

wood cutting machine.

i

Annex – 13

Final Evaluation of

JFPR 9110 NEP Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable

and Conflict-Affected Families and Children

Submitted to

Adam Smith International

Nepal

Submitted by

Govind Subedi, PhD

Monitoring and Evaluation Expert

July 2012

ii

Acknowledgement

The Consultant is thankful to Adam Smith International for entrusting to carry out this study of multiple

implications. The Consultant is equally thankful to Department of Women and Children, Ministry of

Women, Children and Social Welfare for its kind cooperation and support during the evaluation study.

The Consultant would like to thank Mr. Balananda Paudyal, Secretary, Ministry of Women, Children and

Social Welfare, the Acting Director of DWC, Mr. Keshav Prasad Regmi for their special remarks and

feedback for the finalization of this Report. The Consultant also thanks the member of National Project

Steering Committee including participants of one-day workshop to disseminate the findings of the final

evaluation held on July 11, 2012 in Kathmandu who provided constructive feedback to finalize this

Report.

The Consultant would like to pay special thanks to Shanta Bhattrai, Under Secretary of DWC, Sudeep

Bahadur Singh, Team Leader and Bipa Shrestha Tuladhar, Project Officer from Adam Smith

International Nepal for their support in carrying out the evaluation study and Mr. Sudipto Sengupta, ASI

India also deserves thanks for his critical feedback for the Report.

The Consultant is also thankful to Women Development Officers of Indira Ojha of Achham, Shobha

Shah of Banke, Sabitra Shah of Rukum and Maya Shrestha of Rolpa who have coordinated the

evaluation study at the local level. The Consultant is especially thankful to Shanta Chand, the Focal

Person of the Project of District Women and Children Office, Bardiya, Bindu Kunwar of Banke, Shanti

Basnet of Rolpa for their efforts to make arrangement for evaluation study. Special thanks also go to

Gauri Malakar, the General Secretary of a partner NGO in Thakurdawarra, Bardiya who helped a lot for

field visit.

The Consultant thanks to Dharma Rijal – the research assistant - who visited and collected information

from Achham and Rukum districts and Subhadra Kumari Tamang, Ashok Sharma and Purnima Neupane

for their data entry. NGOs personnel who collected data also deserve the thanks. Last but not least, we

are thankful to all the concerned persons including beneficiary families who provided valuable

information and data during this study.

Dr. Govind Subedi

July, 2012

iii

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

ASI Adam Smith International

CBO Community Based Organization

CCWB Center Child Welfare Board

CDC, TU Curriculum Development Center, Tribhuvan University

DCWB District Child Welfare Board

DDC District Development Committee

DWC Department of Women and Children

FY Fiscal Year

GoN Government of Nepal

GOs Governmental Organizations

IEC Information, Education and Communication

IGA Income Generating Activity

JFPR Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction

KU Kathmandu University

MoPRR Ministry of Peace, Reconstruction and Reconciliation

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

PAS Public Service Announcement

PGD Post Graduate Diploma

PI Project Intervention

TOR Terms of Reference

TOT Training for Trainers

VDC Village Development Committee

WCO District Women and Children Office

iv

Tables and Boxes

Tables Table 1.1 Distribution of sample households by VDCs and districts

Table 2.1 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 3: Capacity Development)

Table 2.2 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 4: Economic Empowerment)

Table 2.3 Distribution of project beneficiaries by income generating activities

Table 2.4 Overview of changes in number of goats and estimated price of goats

Table 2.5 Overview of changes in bank accounts and saving habits (in %) Table 2.6 Respondents perception on extent of support from the grants on livelihood in the family

Table 2.7 Percentage distribution of respondents reporting knowledge on Social protection programs

Table 2.8 Percentage distributions of respondents by heard of FM, FM funded by the project and social

protection program

Boxes

Box 2.1: Infrastructure Development Budget not spent: A missed opportunity

Box 2.2 Changes brought by conditional grants of Rs. 12,000 among conflict affected families

Box 2.3 Changes in household income due to PI

v

Contents

Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................................ii

Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. iii

Tables and Boxes ..................................................................................................................................... iv

Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Description of Activities ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Objectives of Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 4

1.3 Evaluation Methods ................................................................................................................... 4

1.4 Organization of the Evaluation Study Report ............................................................................ 5

Chapter 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6

Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Implementation Modality of the Grant Program.............................................................................. 6

2.2 Outputs and Achievements............................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Relevancy ........................................................................................................................................ 11

2.4 Effectiveness ................................................................................................................................... 15

2.5 Efficiency ......................................................................................................................................... 17

2.6 Impact ............................................................................................................................................. 19

2.7 Sustainability ................................................................................................................................... 27

Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 29

Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 29

3.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 29

3.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 30

References ............................................................................................................................................ 31

Annex .................................................................................................................................................... 32

1

Chapter 1

Introduction

This final evaluation study of the Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-

Affected Families and Children Project was carried out in May-June, 2012.

The project was funded under Japan's Official Development Assistance (JODA) by Japan Fund for

Poverty Reduction (JFPR) through by Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Government of Nepal (GoN).

The project was implemented by Department of Women and Children (DWC) under Ministry of

Women, Children and Social Welfare from February 2008 and was expected to be completed by May

2012 but was extended to be completed by July 2012. The project was implemented in 31 Village

Development Committees (VDCs) in five districts of Nepal: Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rukum and Rolpa1.

The overall goal of the project was to improve the situation of conflict affected and vulnerable families

and children in a sustainable manner. The project aimed to: i) improve national capacity and

professionalism for quality advice and social welfare delivery to the people and to increase awareness

of social entitlements at the grass roots level and ii) encourage economic development of 4,000

families affected by conflict by identifying suitable opportunities for gainful income.

Originally, the project had five components: i) In-depth assessment; ii) Legal support for better service

standards; iii) Capacity development of the service providers; iv) Piloting Quality services through

economic empowerment of the conflict affected families and v) Project management, administration,

monitoring and evaluation. Among these components, component 1 was completed in Mid-2008;

component 2 was dropped; components 3 and 5 were implemented by Adam Smith International (ASI)

and Component 4 was implemented by DWC. Thus, this evaluation study basically deals with the

activities under Components 3 (Capacity Development) and 4 (Economic Empowerment). The project

implemented 5 activities under Component 3 and another 5 under Component 4 as discussed below:

1.1 Description of Activities

Component 3: Capacity Development

1. Post Graduate Diploma (PGD) in Social Work: The project conducted a PGD course of one-year

among government officials from July 2010 to June 2011. St. Xavier College conducted the program.

The main aim of the PGD program was to increase level of professionalism within the social service

sectors. The course constituted theory and practical classes.

1 The project VDCs include: Achham district - Kala Gaon, Dhaku, Dhakari, Bhatakatia, Barda Devi and Kuinka;

Banke district - Betahani, Naubasta, Baijapur, Gangapur, Binauna, Mahadevpuri and Fattepur; Bardiya district -

Mohammadpur, Thakurdwara, Dhadwar, Motipur, Badalpur and Patabhar; Rolpa district - Thabang, Jailbang,

Kureli, Mirul, Gam and Uwa and Rukum - Khara, Mahat, Chunbang, Pipal, Hukam and Ranma Maikot.

2

2. Training of Trainers (TOT) for Mid-Level District Officials: Mid-level TOT on social protection was held

in Nepalgunj from 15-21 August, 2011. A total of 22 Government officials representing from all the

target districts attended the TOT. The main aim of TOT was to disseminate wider knowledge on social

welfare models, child rights and citizen entitlements at the district levels. The TOT participants were

expected to provide training at the District Level TOT.

3. District Level TOT on Social Protection: A district level TOT on social protection was held in each

target district in between 3 to 13 January, 2012. The training participants were from Village

Development Committees (VDC), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Community Based

Organizations (CBOs), social mobilizers, health workers, district level Peace Committees/Civil Societies,

Child Clubs, Women Police Cell, Judiciary, Journalists from local FM and Project Implementation Units

of Women and Children Offices. A total of 153 (64 males and 84 females) participated in the TOT (30

participants in Achham, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum each and 33 in Banke).

The main aim of the TOT was to increase in-depth knowledge on social welfare delivery at local level;

increased awareness on child rights and the risks of child abuse or exploitation and create peer

pressure group for addressing current issues on child care homes standards. The project originally

designed three separate trainings: i) TOT on social protection, ii) TOT on child rights sensitization, and

iii) Child care home standards training. These three trainings were integrated into a single package

because of the similarity of topics, same participants, the same target area and venues, the similar

objectives of the training to create peer pressure group. The training was held for 6 days with 4

sessions per day. The training manual and course curricula were developed. Child Protection Specialist

was also involved in training on sessions related to child rights and child care homes.

4. Civil Society and CBO Courses: The activity was implemented after carrying out District Level TOT. The

project conducted VDC level 2-day training in all 31 target VDCs of five target districts. The main aim of

the training was to disseminate knowledge and awareness at grass roots levels. Key participants

included were: representatives from VDCs, NGOs and CBOs, health workers, school management

committee, mother’s group, youth group, child club, political parties and local authorities, peace

committee, police and judiciary functionaries. Participants were selected considering those who were

working for community development and social protection in the selected VDCs; those with knowledge

of ongoing community development activities in the district; and those aware on VDC issues and those

willing to advocate for social protection, community development and child rights.

5. Advocacy and Information Materials: The project published advocacy materials i.e. wall calendar and

also launched Radio programs through local FM stations in the target districts. The main aim of this

activity was to make people avail of social protection services, entitlements and benefits by raising

awareness. A half-hour talk program in different social protection issues was aired specially tailoring

live call-in Radio programs and 10 public service announcements (PSA) per day. The Radio program was

initiated from February, 2012 and will continue to July, 2012.

Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)

1. Preparation of Project Implementation: As a preparation of implementation of the project, four sub-

activities were carried out: i) development of Project Implementation Manual, ii) development of Grant

Implementation Manual, iii) orientation training on project implementation at the national level and iv)

district level orientation training in each project district. Both the Manuals were developed in Nepali

3

languages and sent to the concerned District Women and Children Office (WCO) in the target districts.

The national level orientation was held in 10 June 2010 representing from Local Development Officers

(LDOs), Assistant Chief District Officers and WCOs from five target districts. The main aim of the

orientation program was to familiarize on various aspects of project implementation to all the

personnel involved in district-level implementation of the project; to give a thorough orientation to PIU

staff on the project implementation process. The district level orientations were held in all the project

districts in between 24 June – 26 September 2010. The participants in the orientation programs were

staff of WCOs, VDC secretaries, members of facilitating-NGO partners, and representatives of

Veterinary Office, Agriculture Development Office, and Small enterprise and Cottage Industry Offices of

project districts. The main aim of the orientation program was to share project implementation process

with stakeholders and bring clarity on financial and budgetary aspects of the project.

2. Selection of Beneficiaries Families: This activity involved a series of efforts by the WDO and partner

NGOs. First, VDC level meeting was held in all 31 VDCs. This VDC level meeting identified the number of

conflict affected and/or marginalized families by ward2. Second, a series of ward level meetings were

held to select the target families identified in the VDC level meeting from the ward. Basically, five

indicators were employed to select the beneficiary families: i) family members died during the conflict

or ii) families directly affected by the conflict (disappearing, abduction, arrest, displaced) or iii) families

with orphan and abandoned children or iv) families with disabled persons or v) very poor/marginalized

families.

3. Distribution of Conditional Cash Grants: Before distribution of the conditional cash grants, training on

Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development was given to all the selected beneficiaries to help in

developing their business plans. Next, the project called for all the selected beneficiaries to open a

bank account. The project helped open the bank accounts even by helping to issue the citizenship

certificate of the beneficiaries. The project transferred Rs. 12,000 (US $ 176.5) per beneficiary to their

bank account in between April – July 2011.

4. Community Infrastructure Development: This activity was envisioned in project document to create

small scale infrastructure subprojects to improve quality and quantity of public investment in the

selected VDCs. This will increases the accessibility of the rural communities to basic services like rural

roads, health, water, sanitation, etc. Investment in low-cost community infrastructure would also

increase market linkages and augment income generation of the beneficiary families. The project

document allocated a total of Rs. 700,000 (000 (US$ 10,294.11) to 31 VDCs each.

5. Value Chain Activities:

Three major activities were identified initially for right analysis of value chain, updated market

information and networks to develop market:

i. Research and consultation

ii. Training to WDOs and facilitation NGOs

iii. Market development support for beneficiary families

2 Note 'ward' is the small administrative unit of Nepal. There are nine wards in a VDC.

4

A research on value chain of income generating activities (IGA), taken up by the 4,000 project

beneficiaries in five target districts, was carried out by a value chain expert mobilized by ASI. The value

chain research was aimed to i) identify IGA products of beneficiaries in each of the 5 target districts; ii)

carry out research and collect data of main market actors, location of brokers, access, and other

required information; iii) narrow those products down to sub-sectors and iv) design a strategy to

increase selling price

1.2 Objectives of Evaluation

This evaluation is to assess the project's achievements, in terms of its relevancy, efficiency,

effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The overall objective is to examine to what extent the project

contributed to increase in income of the conflict affected and marginalized families and enhance

knowledge on social protection among the community people as well as among the service providers.

The specific objectives include:

1. To provide an informed and independent assessment of the value and efficiency of the work

implemented by DWC and ASI focusing on results to see whether the objectives have been

achieved as planned.

2. To draw learning from the project through evidence-based information, provide suggestions and

recommendations.

1.3 Evaluation Methods

This is an evaluative study involving both primary and secondary information. The secondary

information like Grant Implementation Manual, Interim Progress Report, Annual Report,

Implementation Guidelines including official records of ASI and DWC were used.

Primary data have been collected through:

Structured Interview from Beneficiary Families: A total of 930 beneficiary families (180 per district in

Achham, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum and 210 in Banke) were targeted to interview from 31 VDCs.

However, actual interview was 926 households from 29 VDCs of 5 project districts. In Rukum, two VDCs

were not covered due to time constraints and the compensation was made from other four VDCs.

(Table 1.1)

Table 1.1 Distribution of sample households by VDCs and districts

Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum

VDC N VDC N VDC N VDC N VDC N

Kalagon 30 Betahani 30 Badalpur 29 Gam 30 Khara 45

Kuika 30 Binauna 30 Dhadapur 30 Jelbang 30 Chubang 45

Bhatkatiya 30 Naubasta 30 Motipur 30 Kureli 30 Mahat 41

Dhaku 30 Baijapur 30 Mohammadapur 30 Mirul 30 Pipal 45

Dhakari 30 Mahadevpuri 31 Patabhar 30 Thabang 30

Bardadevi 30 Fattepur 29 Thakurdwara 30 Uwa 30

Gangapur

Total 180 211 179 180 176

Total number of households surveyed = 926.

5

A structured questionnaire was developed to understand the changes brought by the project

intervention in relation to increase in income and awareness on social protection and entitlements

received by the beneficiaries (Annex 1.1).

Group Consultation: In each target district, group consultation was conducted among the partner NGOs

to understand the implementation modality of the project, project efficiency, effectiveness and impact

of the project (Annex 1.2 for list of individuals consulted).

Key Informant Interviews (KII): KII was conducted among participants of Mid-level TOT, District level

TOT and VDC level training including VDC Secretaries, FM stations, WDOs and focal person of WDOs

and participants of Postgraduate Diploma. The main aim of the KII was to understand the perception on

the impact of the project especially in enhancing the capacity of service providers (i.e. governmental

officials including NGOs and CBOs) (Annex 1.2 for list of individuals consulted).

Case Studies: In each project district, the Consultant visited beneficiary families to understand the

changes brought by the project, and their perception on the project.

1.4 Organization of the Evaluation Study Report

This Report is structured in three Chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the project – goals,

objectives and activities, objectives and methods of the evaluation study. Chapter 2 discusses the

results of the project in terms of implementation modality, relevancy, effectiveness, efficiency, impact

and sustainability. The final Chapter draws the Conclusions based on the findings of the Evaluation

Study and recommendations.

6

Chapter 2

Results

This Chapter begins by examining implementation modality of the project, the project’s achievement in

terms of its targeted activities and outputs and moves to evaluating the relevancy, efficiency,

effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the project.

2.1 Implementation Modality of the Grant Program

In each project district, the project was implemented following the Project Implementation Guideline

developed by Department of Women and Children.

The grant transferring activity was initiated from May, 2011. Before that in each project VDC, one VDC

level meeting was conducted in order to identify the number of beneficiary families from each ward. In

the second stage, ward level meetings were held in each ward in order to select the project beneficiary

families from the ward. The ward level meetings were challenging to select the appropriate project

beneficiaries. In Mirul VDC of Rolpa, for example, it is reported that more number of children and

elderly participated in the ward level meeting because of absence of adults in the village due to the

migration. This made it difficult to disseminate the concepts of the project to the target population.

According to the Partner NGOs, the project selected the neediest families. This is because the target

population themselves were involved in the selection process. However, in few cases, such as according

to a Field Worker of Thawang VDC, Rolpa, some of the project beneficiaries also come from relatively

better off families. In Patabhar VDC, Bardiya, one of the conflict affected families who received the

grants of Rs. 12,000 was the Constituent Assembly member from United Nepal Communist Party of

Nepal (Maoist). There is also complaint from partner NGOs from Rukum and Achham districts that

some benefits of the project have been captured by elites.

In the third stage, a survey was conducted to identify the type of IGA preferred by the project

beneficiaries. The project beneficiaries were asked to report a specific type of IGA depending upon

their interest, capacity and experiences and market of the goods. After completion of the survey, three-

day skill development training was provided to all beneficiaries in collaboration with District Offices of

Agricultural and Small Cottage Industry.

In the fourth stage, the partner NGO motivated the beneficiaries to open bank account and brought

sample of Bank Signature to the village. The partner NGOs approached the bank with the citizenships

and photos of the project beneficiaries and assisted opening the bank account in which grants of Rs.

12,000 were transferred. In the fifth stage, the NGO partner supported and/or monitored the IGA such

as buying of goats, pigs, cattle, tailoring machines and others by the beneficiary families from the

grants.

For the implementation of the grant support, the project either mobilized the already formed groups or

formed a new group. In Banke, the project formed a Main Committee representing all beneficiary

7

families in a VDC and under the Main Committee; a nine-member Action Team was formed. A Fund was

established by collecting Rs. 1,000 from each beneficiary so as to develop the Main Committee as a

Cooperative in future. The WDO closely monitored the work of partner NGOs. In Rolpa, some partner

NGOs formed a group from the beneficiary families (Kureli, Uwa and Gam VDCs) while others mobilized

the woman group, mother group already formed (Mirul VDC) and in Jelbang VDC, the beneficiary

families were contacted through a focal person. In Bardiya, already formed groups were mobilized in

Patabhar and Motipur VDCs while in Mohamamdpur, Dhadhawar and Thakurdwaraa new groups were

formed to effectively mobilize the beneficiaries. In Achham and Rukum, new groups were formed and

mobilized.

In some cases, it was also needed to transfer the bank account from an original holder to another

family member because of the death of the original holder. In Thawang, Rolpa, four beneficiaries died

after opening the bank account. In this case, it was essential to transfer the money to other family

members of the decreased to withdraw the money from the bank. For this, with the recommendation

of the partner NGO, the WDO recommended to the Agricultural Development Bank and Nepal Bank

Limited to transfer the account in other family members of the deceased. Further, the partner NGOs of

Achham, Rukum and Rolpa reported that although the banking system was much reliable and grants

may not be misused, it was difficult to implement because the bank was inaccessible from target VDCs.

They opined that it was also expensive for the beneficiaries to travel to the district headquarters to

open bank account and withdraw money. Beneficiaries especially from remote areas need to travel 2

or 3 days to open a bank account or withdraw the money for which they incurred cost for food, travel

and lodge – spending up to Rs. 3,000-Rs. 4,000 per head. They reported that had the cash grants been

distributed through cooperatives or women groups or provided cash directly to the beneficiaries, the

travel cost would have been reduced and all the grants money would have been used for IGA.

In order to implement the project in the VDCs, each partner NGO either employed a full time field

worker or a part-time field worker as social mobilizer. Some partner NGOs which were already running

a project in the concerned VDC employed part-time social mobilizer from JFPR fund while those which

did not have running project in the concerned VDC employed a full time social mobilizer. It is reported

that all the social mobilizers, whether part-time or full-time, were provided Terms of Reference (TOR).

The social mobilizers were instructed to report the progress in written each month in the offices of

partner NGOs and the partner NGOs reported that project's progress in each three months in the

concerned WDO. Discussion with the partner NGOs in Rukum, Achham and Rolpa, it is known that

there was little monitoring of the project activities from the WDO by visiting the interiors of project

VDCs. In case of Bardia, WDO personnel closely monitored the project activities in the VDCs. In Banke, a

partial monitoring from WDO is reported.

2.2 Outputs and Achievements

As presented in Table 2.1, under Component 3 (Capacity Development), almost all the targeted

activities were conducted on scheduled time. In case of the outputs, the project proposal had set out

both the quantitative and qualitative targets. Examining the activities in which the quantitative targets

were set out, almost all the targeted outputs were successfully achieved except the target of PGD

program. The project targeted two batches of PGD while it only conducted first batch of PGD and the

second batch could not be conducted. Enquired with the reasons for not achieving this output, the ASI

8

Project Personnel in Kathmandu reported that there was difficulty in getting the academic equivalency

of PGD program from Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), Tribhuvan University (TU). Although the

PGD program was run by St. Xavier's College affiliated with the Kathmandu University (KU), it was not

recognized as a regular program by KU itself, not producing graduate certificates. Note that CDC, TU

provides academic equivalency only if the KU recognizes first the degree. The degree would add points

for the promotion of GON officials. Therefore, without the University recognized degree, the course

itself minus any additional stipends was unable to attract the GON officials for second batch.

In conduction of Mid level, District level and VDC level trainings, the project has achieved more than its

targets. The project aimed that 50% of the target participants will attend regularly in the training;

however, 100% participants regularly attended the training. Further, more than two-thirds of the

participants consisted of females and deprived groups.

The project achieved the outputs in relation to production of advocacy and information materials. The

wall calendars have been distributed among the beneficiary families in Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and

Rukum districts and reached the district headquarter of Achham due to a month long strike in the Far-

Western Region. They are yet to be distributed in the target VDCs of these districts. The project has

been successfully implementing radio programs about social protection in target districts via six local

FM stations (Bardiya – Fulbari FM, Rolpa – Radio Rolpa, Banke – Krishna Sagar FM, Rukum – Radio Sisne

and Achham – Rama Rosan FM and Pancha Koshi (Dailekh district).

9

Table 2.1 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 3: Capacity Development)

SN Activities Targeted outputs Achieved output status

1 PGD program on social

work

Two batches: First and second

Partially Achieved, Only first batch was

produced and second batch was dropped

out

2 Mid-level TOT on

social protection

22 governmental officials

provided Mid-level TOT

Achieved, all 22 governmental officials

received the Mid-level TOT

3 District Level TOT

30 participants in each project

district

Achieved, in all project districts, there

were 30 participants but in Banke, the

participants were 33; overall, 89 males and

64 female participants

4 VDC Level Civil Society

and CBO Trainings

A 2-day training in all 31 target

VDCs

50% of the projected participant

attend regularly training

Achieved, the training was held in all 31

target VDCs. Nearly 1300 participated in

the training (Annex 2.1)

100% participated in the training

5 Advocacy and

Information Materials

6000 Nepali and 100 English

wall calendars

Radio program

Achieved, 6000 Nepali and 100 English

wall calendars were prepared and

distributed to the I/NGOs, GOs, WDOs

including to the target population

Half an hour Radio program twice a week

was held in all target districts from Local

FMs for six months (Annex 2.2)

As mentioned above, Component 4 was implemented under DWC. Under this component, the project

successfully achieved the targeted outputs with regard to preparation of project implementation,

selection of project beneficiaries, distribution of conditional cash grant of Rs. 12,000, providing skill

development training to the beneficiary families and conduction of research on value chain (Table 2.2).

Under the cash grants activity, the project did not achieve outputs at all in income generation grant of

Rs. 700 to 3700 families, grant support of Rs. 2,000 for 300 disabled families and grant support of Rs.

6,000 for 300 artisan families. When enquired with the Under Secretary of DWC, Mrs. Shanta Bhattrai,

she reported that data on disabled persons and artesian families could not be collected in the first year

of project implementation. In the second year of project implementation when DWC requested the

release of grants to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), it demanded all the receipts/invoices of

expenditure in all project activities from all the target districts. As the DWC could not submit it on time

due to the remoteness of the target districts and VDCs and no updated computerized information in

the districts, the grants were not released by the ADB. In case of the reason for no achieving the

outputs related to grants to artesian families, it was also argued that that no professional artesian

families were selected as project beneficiaries. However, the record of partner NGO in Kalagaon VDC,

Achham reveals that among the 150 beneficiary families, there was one professional artesian family.

,

10

The project activity of infrastructure development was not implemented in Achham, Banke, Rolpa and

Rukum till the first week of June, 2012. When enquired about reasons for not implementation of this

activity, the Under Secretary of DWC, Mrs. Shanta Bhattrai, reported that due to extensive procedural

requirements the release got delayed.

The WDOs in the target districts reported that some budget for this activity was released only 4 to 6

weeks prior to the end of Nepali fiscal year (mid July 2012). In Banke, out of seven program VDCs,

budget for only three VDCs was released; in other target districts, only half of the total allocated

budget was released. The Implementation Guidelines of Infrastructure Development Project prepared

by DWC in collaboration with ADB requires a number of formalities, namely, formation of user groups,

selection of project, study on technical viability of the project, endorsement of the project by District

Project Steering Committee to be completed before implementation of the activity, made it difficult to

spend money in community infrastructure development. In Bardiya, the WDO in collaboration with

partner NGOs initiated implementation of this activity from the last week of May, 2012. However, as

per the fiscal rule of Government of Nepal, one could only spend 40% of budget in the last four-month

of the fiscal year if the activity is initiated in the last four-month of the fiscal year. Thus, 40% of the

allocated budget of Rs. 700,000 in each target VDC is expected to be spent in the infrastructure

development project in Bardia.

11

Table 2.2 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 4: Economic Empowerment)

SN Activities Targeted outputs Achieved output status

1 Preparation stage One project implementation

manual (PIM) and project grant

implementation manual (GIM)

produced

One national level orientation

training on project

implementation

One district level orientation in

each district

Achieved, produced one PIM and GIM in

English and Nepali language. The PIM

comprises of major project activities,

working modality and work plan. The GIM

details of grant implementation: roles and

responsibilities of executive agency,

implementing agency and consultants.

2 Selection of

beneficiaries families

31 VDC Level Meetings

155 Ward Level Assemblies

4000 beneficiaries identified

Achieved, the beneficiaries were selected by

exhaustive processes and involving the

community people concerned (Annex 2.3 for

district-wise beneficiaries)

3 Cash Grant Distribution Conditional cash grants to 4000

families

Income generation grant of NRs

700 (US$ 10.29) to 3700 families

Grant Support of NRs 2000 (US$

29.41) for 300 disabled families

Grant of NRs 6000 (US$ 88.23) to

300 Artisan Families

Satisfactorily achieved, 3979 families

received conditional cash grants of Rs. 12000

each

Not achieved, DWC could not collect

undated information on it

Not achieved, DWC could not collect data

about disabled families.

Not achieved, no artisan families were

reported to be selected in the project

4 Skill development

training

Skill enhancement and business

plan development training to all

4000 families

Achieved, 199 trainings provided to 3,979

families. The families selected specific IGA

based on their interest and capacity

4 Infrastructure

Development

Infrastructure development

support up to NRs 700, 000 (US$

10,294.11) to 31 VDCs each

Not achieved, this activity was not

implemented except partial implementation

initiated in Bardiya

5 Value chain activities Research and consultation

Training to WDOs and facilitating

NGOs

Market development support for

beneficiary families

Not Achieved, this activity was not

implemented, except a research on value

chain on IGA of project beneficiaries was

undertaken by ASI and report submitted to

DWC

2.3 Relevancy

JFPR funded project was implemented in the context that Nepal entered into the peace process after

10-years of armed conflict (1996-2006). The target districts are reported to be hard hit by the conflict –

12

dismantling the livelihoods of people due to killing of family members, disappearance, abduction/arrest

and displacement.

Project Relevancy: The Context of Addressing Policies

The project activities have directly contributed to the implementation of GoN plans, policies and

relevant laws. GoN has prioritized the need of conflict affected families in its policy documents and

Annual Budget Speeches. The Three Year Plan Approach Paper (2010/11-2012/13) provides a separate

Chapter on ‘Peace, Rehabilitation and Inclusive Development.' And, one of the Plan's objectives is

directly relevant to the project implemented. The Plans aims to 'provide relief to the conflict affected

people and reconstruct the physical infrastructures damaged during the conflict' (NPC, 2010:164). The

Plan recognizes that the needs of the conflict affected families are of the cross-cutting issues for

development projects.

Project Relevancy: The Perception of Key Stakeholders

Different key stakeholders and rights holders view the relevancy of the JFPR funded project in relation

to the condition of the conflict affected families. In Achham, the partner NGOs reported the relevancy

of the project to the conflict affected families as the project includes the activities like cash grants and

skill development training. Such activities are expected to improve the livelihoods of the conflict

affected families, enhance people to be self-independent, facilitate promotion of occupation and

increase positive attitudes among the community people towards peace. In Rukum, the partner NGOs

and other stakeholders viewed that JFPR project activities are more relevant as it targets to the very

poor, deprived and marginalized people, single women, conflict-induced orphans and abandoned

children. Some partner NGOs like PNGO-MIC Nepal working in Ranmamaikot, Rukum also viewed that

the JFPR activities also establish NGOs in the districts and VDCs as service providers of social protection

to the conflict affected and highly marginalized people.

The partner NGOs and TOT participants in Banke, Rolpa and Bardiya reported that this project is far

effective than that of other projects like poverty alleviation program and peace and rehabilitation and

reconstruction program commenced by Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction and Reconciliation

(MoPRR). This is because the project is visible to the conflict affected families as the project provides

the conditional grants e.g. grants are provided only if the beneficiaries i) opens the bank account, ii)

send all children to schools; ii) invests the grants on IGA; iii) does birth registration and immunization of

all children under five-years. On the other hand, it is reported that there is no mandatory of the

recipients of relief support provided by MoPRR to invest on IGA or fulfill other criteria as defined by this

project. Similarly, Poverty Alleviation Fund conducts its program by social mobilization and it has no

conditional cash transfer program.

Relevancy in Achieving the Project’s Goals

Each of the project activities has contributed to improve living conditions of conflict affected people.

13

As noted the Post Graduation Diploma (PGD) Course on Social Protection was run by St. Xavier College.

Reviewing the contents of the PGD, the PGD course had four objectives: i) make students understand

the concept of social work principle, methods, values and problem solving process including social

structure and social issues of Nepal like marginal section of the society, children, women, elderly and

formal and informal employment and issues of land rights; ii) explore the concept of human rights

including environmental justice, rights and juvenile justice, women issues and women rights; iii)

provide knowledge on Local Self Government Act 1998 (2055), Government’s institutional mechanism

for delivery of social protection including the role of INGOs, NGOs, GOs and civil society and iv) provide

knowledge on personality and leadership development, data collection technique and research.

PGD participants interviewed opined the highly relevancy of the PGD course in their working areas.

They feel that they have increased knowledge on social protection issues. They had not learnt about

social protection issues even for preparation of entering into Government. Even after joining in the

Government, they did not have opportunity to expose in social protection issues. Nirmala Thapa, a

Section Officer of Ministry of Commerce and a PGD participant – opined that it is the Section Officer in

Government apparatus from which any initiation of policy takes place and hence, as the majority of

PGD participants were from the Section Officers, it is expected that they are more inclined to

incorporate social protection policies in their relevant working areas. Another PGD participant, Nirmala

Adhikari, a Section Officer in DWC reported that they have learnt a lot about discipline in St. Xavier

College as it was very strict on time, routine and assessment. This practice will have long term impact

on the PGD participants. It is also reported that Ministry of General Administration has recognized the

PGD degree for promotion purpose.

Analysing the contents of Mid-level, district level TOT and VDC level training, it appears that major

issues of social protection were covered in the trainings such as concepts of social protection, child

rights conventions in relation to child rights situation of Nepal, national standards and practices of Child

Care Homes, counseling services for victims, referral mechanism and support agencies, problem solving

techniques, community based research methods, communication skills, mediation and formation of

peer pressure group, project monitoring and evaluation techniques and its use at local context and

right to information.

When asked to the Mid-level TOT participants in target districts, they reported that training program

was much relevant for their work. When enquired about the new things learnt in the Mid-Level TOT to

an Officer of District Child Welfare Board (DCWB), Bardiya, she responded that it was her first time

training on social protection. She reported that she learnt how to deal and care with the disabled

persons, senior citizens and children at risk and how to provide community care to the vulnerable

children. She claimed that after TOT, she knew that right to protection of children is crucially important

one, especially in Bardiya district. Another TOT participant, Mr. Dhan Singh Giri, Section Officer, District

Court, Bardiya reported that he learnt a lot in the training about social protection issues. He reported

that his self-esteem to work has increased in the court. He says, 'I learnt about social protection for the

first time in my life. Before, I only knew about limited legal justice. Now, I realize that issues of social

protection are also related to legal justice issues. As I am working in the Order Implementation Section

in the court, I found the training very relevant on how to deal with the victims from human rights

perspective'.

In Banke, Mid-Level TOT participants reported that they were able to discern between the concepts of

social protection and social security – social protection is the overall goal of the society while the social

14

security is the strategy to achieve the goal. They also reported that they learnt about the processes of

receiving allowances by the senior citizens, single women and disabled persons.

In Rolpa, the Mid-Level TOT participants interviewed remembered the main contents given in the TOT

such as project cycle and project management, social security and gender auditing, government social

security policy and programs, PRA techniques, foreign labor migration, overall protection mechanism

and needs of vulnerable groups. All the Mid-level TOT participants were involved as resource person

for the district level TOT.

In Bardiya, Shankar Rokaya, VDC Secretary, Thakurdwaraa VDC reported that he received district level

TOT. He says, 'I understand that social protection not only involves elderly or disabled persons or single

woman allowances as provided by the Government, but rather it also involves other needs of the

vulnerable population'.

In Achham, the TOT participants interviewed (WDO, DCWB, Section Officer of District Development

Office, DDC) reported that they have for the first time received training on social protection. They

reported that the training increased their leadership quality, capacity to create awareness on social

protection and formation of right holder groups. The training also provided opportunity to work in

collaboration with other GOs and NGOs for skill development and awareness raising activities.

The District Level participants also prepared action plan for each target VDCs in each district. The plan

of action lists various meetings and discussions on child rights, violence against women, child marriage,

chhaupadi, untouchability, respecting senior citizens, social protection of vulnerable groups and VDC

level trainings on social protection.

For the VDC level training, a simple and understandable training curriculum was developed. The

curriculum covers issues of social security policies and strategies of Nepal, special provisions under the

social security for vulnerable community, referral mechanism for access of such services and

counselling services and contact centres for victims. In addition, psychosocial counseling, awareness on

sanitation, mediation were also shared. After the training, participants' feedback was sought and the

majority of participants realized that the training was able to create a pressure group for better service

delivery at the local level, create knowledge about local social service delivery system and processes to

avail the services. However, the participants complained that two days was very short to get better

insights on social protection issues.

The project activity of advocacy and information materials provide information on social protection

entitlements provided by the government in areas of free primary education to children going to

government schools, maternity allowance to mothers giving birth in a government hospital, benefits to

families sending girl child to school, provision of allowance to single women, senior citizens and

physically disabled persons. This information is vital in the context that majority of people do not have

knowledge on Social protection programs and a few receive the entitlements as well.

The project activity of conditional grants of Rs. 12,000 has been viewed by all the key stakeholders as

the most relevant program for the conflict affected and vulnerable families as they have partially or

fully lost their livelihood during the conflict either due to the death of their family member(s),

disappearance, injury or displacement.

15

2.4 Effectiveness

Evidence suggests that JFPR-funded project has been effective to addressing the set objectives of the

project through its effective capacity development activities of postgraduate program, training to

national to regional, district and village levels on social protection; effective networking and

coordination with different Governmental as well as non-Governmental organizations, good leadership

of DWC and ASI and viable strategies to reach the unreached, effective partnership with local NGOs,

rising awareness on social protection of both duty bearers and rights holders through IEC materials and

radio program. This all has resulted to social protection as a public issue, more commitments of local

Governments on social protection, more number of women issuing citizenship certificates, more

number of children under five births registered and in some cases increase female age at marriage.

Social Protection Becoming a Public Issue: The Context of Mid-Level, District Level and VDC Level

Training on Social Protection

Evidence suggests that people have increasingly become aware on the processes of receiving the

entitlements related to senior citizens, single women, disabled persons and others. In Banke, it is

reported that before the program intervention, people used to go to District Administration Office to

receive social security entitlements, now people rightly understand that it is the WDO. In Mahadevpuri

VDC, Banke, 3 disabled persons received certificates from the WDO after the program intervention.

Similar evidences have been reported from other target districts as well. Gokarna Pun, DCWB, Rolpa

reported that community people are increasingly becoming aware on legal provisions of social

protection. Women started demanding their needs to the VDC offices and concerned authorities. In

Rukum, the District Level TOT participants reported that it was the training that internalized the issues

of social protection among GOs, NGOs and VDCs working in the district.

Drawing on the discussion with the NGO partners in the target districts, it is known that before the

program intervention, VDC Secretary did not care about allocation of budget for social security

measures and in some of the cases, they used to cheat and draw the allowances of the deceased by

fictitiously signing in the allowance list. Now, people are much aware on the Social protection programs

and VDC Secretary cannot do irregularities in this connection.

Increase in Commitments on Social Protection among Local Government Officials

The Mid-level training participants reported that a number of activities were carried out after they

received the TOT on social protection both in relation to their own offices and for a public use. Dhan

Singh Giri, Section Officer, District Court, Bardiya reported that he shared the contents learnt in the

TOT in the community. He says, 'I understand that court has also important role to promote issues of

social protection. In the village, people do not want to file a complaint because of the fear and risk of

revictimization'.

In Rolpa, a Section Officer of DDC, Ram Kumar Neupane - Mid-Level TOT participant - insisted to

allocate DDC budget for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. DDC, Rolpa allocated 17% of its capital

expenditure in fiscal year (FY) 2009/10; 38% in FY 2010/11 and 27% in FY 2011/12 for children, women,

Janjati, Dalit target programs. It has already allocated budget for three VDCs for building birthing

centers and is planning to allocate budget in FY 2012/11 in other three VDCs. The DDC also distributed

16

217 sets of solar lamps targeting marginalized communities and women in order to reduce their work

burden.

Laxmi Nepal, DCWB, Bardiya says, 'I have attempted to reintegrate children at risk in the family and

community. In some of the cases, such as a girl of 13 years of age was raped by her father, she is going

to be sent to a rehabilitation center. We have now established emergency fund for children at risk – the

fund is contributed by Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB), WDO and NGOs of Rs. 75,000 to 80,000'.

We learnt that those VDC secretaries involved in the project as TOT participants or trainers themselves

have become aware on social protection and in some cases they are also involved in advocacy of social

protection. Shankar Rokaya, VDC Secretary, Thakurdwaraa VDC, Bardiya reported that he was involved

in the VDC level training as a trainer – provided training to women, conflict affected families, mother

groups, senior citizens and disabled persons. He said that before receiving the TOT, he was not

concerned about the budget allocated for social protection issue. After receiving training, he has firmly

followed the Guideline of Ministry of Local Development that VDC should allocate at least 15% of its

current annual budget to vulnerable groups such as indigenous people, senior citizens, disabled

persons, Dalit, disadvantaged groups and endangered ethnic groups. He further said that he has

allocated Rs. 20,000 for the study of disabled persons in the VDC in Fiscal Year of 2011/12. The VDC is

also planning to provide grants for construction of toilet especially in poor communities to make VDC

open defection free area, respect senior citizens and support education materials (bags, books,

exercise-books, uniform) to children from marginalized groups. Man Bahadur Khatri, VDC Secretary of

Khara VDC, Rukum reported that he is much aware on social security issues after he received training in

the district.

Increase in Issuing Citizenship Certificate, Birth Registration, Schooling of Children and Female

Age at Marriage

In the target districts, it is reported that some of the beneficiaries received citizenship certificates after

the program intervention, which is a positive externality. This is because it is mandatory to have a

citizenship certificate to open bank account. VDC secretaries in all the target districts we interviewed

also reported that birth registration has also increased in these districts.

One of the crucially important effectiveness of the project is that there has been increase in schooling

of children in the project VDCs. This holds true especially for girls. Our discussion with the key

stakeholders as well as the case studies (See Annex 2.4) reveals that all the project beneficiary families

are regularly sending their children to schools. This holds even for Dalit, Indigenous people and

Muslims.

In Banke and Bardiya, it was reported that due to the program intervention, especially of capacity

development training in the VDC, people became aware on legal age at marriage. In some program

VDCs in Banke, child clubs and VCPC are formed which have become watchdog against child and early

marriage. There are 526 child clubs 21 VCPC out of 46 VDCs of Banke. Due to the pressure of these

child clubs and VCPC, the VDCs are reported to have allocated at least 10% of VDC capital expenditure

in child protection issue.

17

2.5 Efficiency

The allocative efficiency of the project appears to be adequate in some activities while it is inadequate

in others.

The performance in Mid-level TOT was reported to be satisfactory. Yet in some cases the TOT

participants viewed that it was not as expected; hand-outs were provided in English rather than in

Nepali language making it difficult to understand the contents completely and materials were not

adequately provided. The participants viewed that the TOT could have introduced contents related to

protection of girl child from sexual violence, provisions of social protection and legal treatment in the

Civil Code, awareness about Vital Registration –births, deaths, marriage, migration - as these events are

related with the issues of social protection. It was reported in Banke that the Mid-level TOT participants

effectively revised the manual for District level TOT as per local needs based on the guidelines set by

the Mid-Level TOT.

Discussion with the training participants, partner NGOs and officials of WDOs, the project has

optimized a maximum output in the given inputs, especially in relation to activities of running of

postgraduate program, training to the service providers (mid-level, district and VDC levels) and

mobilization of conflict affected families for utilization of grants in IGA. There was no way to achieve

the same outputs by spending few resources. The cost for mobilization of partner NGOs, DDC level and

VDC level training, for example, could not be reduced. The partner NGOs complained that they have

very few resources as a mobilization cost of Rs. 150,000/per partner NGO for the entire project

implementation period. In the hills, the project VDCs are far from the district headquarters, requiring 2

to 3 days walking from the district headquarters. The low mobilization cost of partner NGOs resulted to

either not employing a full time field workers or no regular supervision from the districts. In Rolpa, only

in Gam VDC, the partner NGO employed a full time field worker while in other VDCs, they employed

part-time field workers. The same condition holds for other target districts as well. However, all partner

NGOs in all the target districts developed TOR for the field workers: collection of data, mobilization of

the beneficiary families, informing the beneficiary families about the project activities such as opening

the bank account, bringing the beneficiaries to the bank, and observation of the IGA carried out by the

beneficiaries.

In some areas, for example, granting a conditional grant of Rs. 12,000 to women, the efficiency is very

high when one compares the value of outputs to cost of inputs. The grant was provided through a bank

account of individual beneficiaries. Despite time consuming process of opening of the bank account for

all individual beneficiaries, this process has reduced the risk of mis-utilization of grants by the

beneficiaries themselves as well as by their family members. In majority of cases, grants released to the

beneficiaries were reported to be utilized immediately while in some cases, the grants were utilized

within 3-4 months of the release and there are also few cases in which grants could not be mobilized

even after 9-12 months of the release. In Rolpa, it is reported that 8 or 9 beneficiaries still have not

withdrawn money from the bank to initiate IGA even after the release of money some 9 or 10 months

ago. This is mainly due to the migration of adult family members from the house (6 beneficiaries) and

death of the beneficiaries (3). In some cases, as the project selected the very old and disabled persons

who themselves could not run the IGA.

Despite these problems, it is found that an overwhelming majority of grant receivers utilized all the

grant money in an IGA while a few also spent some grant money on household consumption.

18

The social protection information has been disseminated in all target districts including bordering

districts though FM stations. This could not have been achieved had there been Radio Program from a

central level or other IEC materials, for which the cost may come to the same as of the FM in the

districts.

In other areas, e.g., the delay of releasing the infrastructure development budget to the target districts,

more attention needs to be paid to allocative efficiency. This activity could have been effectively

implemented had there been allocation of budget on time given the preparation already done by the

community people, partner NGOs and WDOs (Box 2.1).

In Rolpa, all the 6 VDCs already formed User Committees and four VDCs have already submitted the

estimates for the infrastructure development to WDO. The estimates were prepared with help of the

technical persons from the VDCs. For this, the partner NGOs conducted a VDC level meeting

representing from the key stakeholders including the target groups. The VDC level meeting prioritized

the types of infrastructure to be constructed. Construction of safe-drinking water, community building,

paddy or wheat crusher mill and maintenance of suspension bridge are the proposed infrastructure

development projects. In Bardiya, construction of community building and shed for weekly market are

the major demands for infrastructure development by the conflict affected families. In Achham, three

VDCs have already prepared estimates of the infrastructure projects like safe drinking water and school

building in Dhakari VDC, construction of water taps and a floor mill in Bardadevi VDC and construction

of a floor mill in Bhatakatiya VDC. In Rukum, four VDCs have already prepared estimates of

infrastructure development projects like safe drinking water and road construction (6 kilometers) in

Khara VDC, suspension bridge and safe drinking water in Hukam. It is reported that three safe drinking

water projects in Pipal VDC and one suspension bridge and one safe drinking water projects in Mahat

VDC have been formulated. In Mahat, the infrastructure project benefits 45 to 50 households. In

Banke, three VDCs have already prepared the estimates of infrastructure projects.

Although the study has not carried out the cost-benefit analysis of the project, it can be inferred from

the discussion with conflict affected families, training participants, WDOs and partner NGOs that the

project has achieved more value of outputs than the cost incurred in the program. This is because some

of the outputs such as opening bank accounts and issuing citizenship certificates to women, increasing

awareness on social protection issues among conflict affected and vulnerable families, enhancing

professionalism in social protection among service providers, and mobilization of conflict affected and

vulnerable families in IGA cannot be always equated with money. They possess independent value

themselves.

Box 2.1: Infrastructure Development Budget not spent: A missed opportunity

Junmaya Rokka Magar is the chairperson of the User Committee formed in Uwa VDC, Rolpa to

construct community building from the grants of JFPR project. The Committee comprises of 11

persons in the VDC. The Committee was formed with the hope that infrastructure development

project will be implemented in the VDC. Looking at the minutes of the User Committee, four VDC

level meetings have already been conducted. One villager committed to grant land for construction

of a community building. Junmaya says, 'if the project is not implemented, the community people

will be greatly frustrated with the partner NGOs, WDO and government. I strongly demand that the

project should be implemented in the coming Fiscal Year if it is not possible in this Fiscal Year'

19

2.6 Impact

The project has reported to have contributed to i) increased income of the conflict affected and

vulnerable families; ii) increased awareness on social protection.

Increase in Annual Income

The project targeted 4,000 beneficiaries in 31 target VDCs for provision of conditional cash grants

(Annex 2.3). Of them, 3,979 families have received grant support. Of the recipients, 76.6% have opted

for goat-raising; followed by buffalo raising (6%), retail shop (5.8%), piggery (5.7%), vegetable farming

(2.4%), poultry (1.8%) and others (1.6%). Goat-raising is the main IGA carried out in all target districts

(Table 2.3).

20

Table 2.3 Distribution of project beneficiaries by income generating activities

Income generating

activities

Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total %

Goat raising 686 440 276 776 874 3052 76.6

Buffalo raising 37 123 76 5 1 242 6.1

Retail shop 93 43 90 4 2 232 5.8

Piggery 0 37 115 66 11 229 5.7

Vegetable farming 31 7 10 46 0 94 2.4

Poultry 53 17 1 2 0 73 1.8

Others 0 17 32 1 12 62 1.6

Total 900 684 600 900 900 3984 100.0

Note: Others include fishery (in Banke), tailoring, medicine shop (in Banke), meat shop (in Banke and Bardia),

ginger and herbal farming (Rukum), furniture workshop and cycle repairing (in Banke and Bardiya).

Source: Project Progress November 2011 – March 2012.

Our case studies suggest that IGA carried out by the beneficiary families, in many cases, has

contributed to increase income (Box 2.2 and Annex 2.4 for cases). Income generating activities like

furniture and cycle repairing workshops, tailoring and piggery were found to be of high IGA –

contributing more than 50% for the household income. The combination of activities of goat-raising

and retail shops also contributed to increase income more than 10% annually while IGA of only goat-

raising reveals that the number of goats doubled during the 12 months of the grant received. And,

drawing on the discussion with the families of goat-raising, it is expected that the goats will contribute

to more than 10% annual increase in household income.

In Khara VDC of Rukum district, some beneficiary families have invested the grants in ginger

production. In our two case studies, one beneficiary invested about Rs. 5,000 grants on buying of ginger

seeds and the remaining used for paying the debt. Both the beneficiaries reported that they have

produced about 250-300 Kg. ginger from the investment of grants. The beneficiaries reported that

there is system of selling of sutho – flour of ginger made through melding it. One Kg. sutho may be

produced from 6 Kg ginger. In the last year, the prices of sutho went up to Rs. 1,900/Kg. but this year,

the price has fallen to Rs. 1,200 per Kg. and hence, the beneficiaries were waiting to sell sutho at the

time of survey. Assuming that per 6 Kg. ginger would produce one Kg. sutho, there will be 50 Kg. sutho

from 300 Kg. ginger and assuming the current price of Rs. 1,200 per Kg. the beneficiary would earn (50

Kg. sutho * Rs. 1200) = Rs. 60,000 annually.

21

Box 2.2 Changes brought by conditional grants of Rs. 12,000 among conflict affected families

Cases Location IGA Earning Saving Impact

1 Thakurdwaraa,

Bardiya-1

Cycle repair

workshop

Rs. 300-400 daily Rs. 50 daily in a

cooperative

No income before PI

No saving

2 Thakurdwara-1,

Bardiya

Furniture

workshop

Monthly Rs.

18,000-20,000

Daily Rs. 200

Bank Rs. 14,000

Bought tools worth

Rs. 28,000

Invested Rs. 40,000 to

send younger brother

for foreign labour

migration

Less than Rs. 5,000

before PI

No electrical tools

No saving

3 Thakurdwara-6,

Bardiya

Small grocery

shop

Rs. 200-300 daily Rs. 200 monthly in a

bank

No daily income

before PI

4 Thakurdwara-6,

Bardiya

Tailoring Rs. 300-Rs.400

daily

6 Qt. paddy and

1.5 Qt. wheat

annually

Rs. 1,000 monthly in a

cooperative

Less than 200 daily

income

Only 2-3 Qt. paddy or

wheat annual

5 Naubasta-6,

Banke

Goat raising

and tea shop


cooperative

No regular income

and saving before PI

6 Naubasta-6,

Banke

Goat raising

and tea shop


cooperative

No regular income


7 Naubasta-7,

Banke

Small shop Rs. 300-400 daily Rs. 50-100 daily in a

cooperative

No regular income


8 Naubasta-2,

Banke

Goat raising Bought two goats

Now 4 goats

Rs. 25 monthly in a

cooperative

No goats and saving

before PI

9 Naubasta-2,

Banke

Goat raising Bought two goats

Now 4 goats

One sold in Rs.

2,400

Rs. 25 monthly in a

cooperative

No goats and saving

before PI

10 Naubasta-2,

Banke

Goat raising Bought 2 goats in

Rs. 6000 given in

a loan

Rs. 25 monthly in a

cooperative

No goats and saving

before PI

11 Kureli-5, Rolpa Piggery Bought one goat

Sold 9 baby pigs

in Rs. 18000

New income from

pigs

12 Khara-6, Rukum Goat raising Bought 2 goats

Produced two

goats

Rs. 30 monthly in a

woman group

Sold one baby-goat in

Rs. 2,600

22

13 Khara-9, Rukum Goat raising Bought two goats Rs. 100 monthly in a

woman group

No income by now

Market value of goats

14,000

14 Khara-5, Rukum Goat raising Bought 3 goats Rs. 20 monthly in a

woman group

No income by now

Market value of goats

Rs. 18,000

15 Khara-5, Rukum Ginger farming Rs. 5000 invested

to buy seeds of

ginger

Rs. 75 monthly in a

woman group

Produced about 300

Kg. ginger and still to

sell

16 Khara-5, Rukum Ginger farming Rs. 5000 invested

to buy seeds of

ginger

Produced about 250

Kg. ginger and still to

sell

Note: PI refers to program intervention.

Source: Field Survey, 2012.

The household survey collected information about type of IGA in which grants invested and a total of

926 households were surveyed from four project districts (Achham, Banke, Bardiya and Rolpa). Of

them, 636 or 69% initiated goat-raising as IGA from the grants they received. On the average, 2.3 goats

per project beneficiary were bought – being highest in Rolpa (2.7), followed by Banke (2.5), Bardiya

(2.2) and Achham (2.1) and Rukum (2.0). The average buying cost for one goat was Rs. 4,750. Data

reveal that within the one-year of project intervention, the number of goats increased about 4.7 per

beneficiary. Given that on the average, Rs. 4,750 is the selling price of a goat, estimated price of the

goats if all sold at the time of survey comes out to be Rs. 22,325 - the highest being in Rolpa (Rs.

26,125), Banke (Rs. 22,325), Achham (Rs. 21,850), Bardiya (21,375) and Rukum (19,950).

23

Table 2.4 Overview of changes in number of goats and estimated price of goats

Districts Number of

beneficiary

families

Number of goats bought Number of goats

now Estimated

price if sold

all (in Rs.)

Sum of

goats

bought

Average

number

bought

Average grants

spent per

beneficiary family

(in Rs.)

Sum of

goats

Average

number

now

Achham 145 306 2.1 9,975 658 4.6 21,850

Banke 119 300 2.5 11,875 553 4.7 22,325

Bardiya 69 149 2.2 10,450 312 4.5 21,375

Rolpa 144 389 2.7 12,825 771 5.5 26,125

Rukum 159 316 2.0 10,400 668 4.2 19,950

Total 636 1,460 2.3 11,400 2,962 4.7 22,325

Note: Estimated price for a goat is Rs. 4,750.

Source: Household Survey, 2012.

In case of piggery, out of 750 beneficiaries interviewed, 58 were engaged in piggery. On the average, 2

pigs were bought. In the survey period, the number of pigs is reported to increase 259 – making on an

average 4.5 pigs among the beneficiaries involved in piggery.

In the household survey, respondents were asked about their household income before and after PI.

Data reveal that the average annual household income ranged from Rs. 25,000 to Rs.30,000– the low

range in the hill districts. This average household annual income is far below than that of poverty line

of Nepal, which is Rs. 43,325. We have calculated increase in household income by asking the

respondents to what extent they have earned from the grants they received and if they have not

earned by now, how much they can sell the assets they have from the grants. The result indicates that

the increase in household income/assets, on the average, is estimated to be Rs. 11,000. Thus, taking all

the project beneficiaries, the project contributed to increase household income from 36% to 45%

within the one and half year of PI. In some of the IGA activities in which the project beneficiaries

involved such as ginger in Rukum, piggery in Rolpa, Tailoring in Bardiya and fishery in Banke, the project

beneficiaries’ household income increased by more than 100% and in IGA activities such as furniture

and cycle repairing, household income increased by more than 200% during the PI period (Box 2.3).

Box 2.3 Changes in household income due to PI

Description Amount or Percentage

Average household income before PI Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,000

Average income increase during the one-year of PI Rs. 11,000

% increase in household income 36% to 45%

In ginger (Rukum), Piggery (Rolpa), Tailoring (Bardiya), fishery (Banke) More than 100%

In furniture (Bardiya), cycle repairing (Bardiya) More than 200%

Increase Saving Habit

Data from the household survey reveals that the project has contributed to considerably increase

beneficiaries opening up bank account (Table 2.5). For example, only 12.5% of the respondents

reported that they had a bank account before the program intervention against 91 % having bank

24

account now. Opening bank accounts especially for women residing in rural areas has considerable

values. It leads to increase women's mobility to go to the bank and expose with the outer world.

Women also feel more secure when they have a bank account with some money. Data also reveal that

the proportion of project beneficiaries saving their monthly income in a bank or a cooperative or a

women group has also considerably increased from 31% before the project intervention to 68% after

the project intervention. As mentioned in the case studies, depending upon the type of IGA, women

deposit from as low as Rs. 50 monthly (goat-raising and piggery) to as high as Rs. 6,000 (those involved

in furniture, cycle repairing etc).

Table 2.5 Overview of changes in bank accounts and monthly saving habits (in %)

District Opened bank

account before PI

Bank account

holders

Monthly saving in a

bank, cooperative or

women group before PI

Monthly saving in a bank,

cooperative or women

group after PI

Achham 8.3 97.8 46.7 81.1

Banke 16.6 92.4 44.5 72.5

Bardiya 22.3 94.4 34.1 93.3

Rolpa 5.0 80.6 20.0 63.9

Rukum 9.7 91.9 6.3 29.3

Total 12.5 91.4 30.9 68.4


Respondents were asked to what extent the grants supported on family livelihood (Table 2.6). Overall,

half of the respondents agreed that the grants contributed either to ‘much’ or ‘very much’ while 43%

disagreed (less or very less) that grants contributed to support their livelihood. Another 7% were

undecided. Among the districts, nearly 6 in 10 in Banke, 5 in 10 in Bardiya, nearly 8 in 10 in Rolpa and

nearly 4 in 10 in Rukum agreed that the grants contributed to improve family livelihood (Table 2.6).

Table 2.6 Respondents perception on extent of support from the grants on livelihood in the family

Extent of contribution on

family livelihood Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum

Total

Very much 0.0 1.0 1.1 21.5 16.7 7.8

Much 27.0 59.5 48.6 53.7 20.7 42.4

Undecided 2.2 11.0 5.6 10.7 1.1 6.3

Less 66.3 25.5 40.2 13.0 40.8 36.9

Very less 4.5 3.0 4.5 1.1 20.7 6.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N* 178 200 179 177 174 908

Note: 18 cases were missing and hence not included in this Table.


Increased Awareness on Social Protection

One of the key aims of the project was to increase awareness among vulnerable and conflict affected

people about the Government social protection entitlements and thereby increase the recipients of

Social protection programs. In the household survey, some of the key GoN key entitlements were

enquired whether or not the project beneficiaries are aware on it. GoN has the provision of senior

citizen monthly allowance of Rs. 500 for persons aged 70 years and above; single women monthly

allowance of Rs. 500 for widow of any age; senior citizen of Dalit allowance of Rs. 500 for persons aged

25

60 years and above; and engendered indigenous people monthly allowance of Rs. 500 for all persons

irrespective of age.

Data reveal that knowledge on senior citizen allowance ranges from 74% in Rolpa to 94% in Achham

and Rukum – revealing that its knowledge has almost become universal. Before PI, knowledge on

senior citizen allowance ranged as low as 49% in Rolpa as high as 63% in Achham.

More than three-fourth of the respondents (78%) know about single women allowance now against

merely 50% before PI. Among the project districts, the highest proportion of respondents in Rukum

(92%), followed by Banke (83%), Achham (77%), Bardiya (71%) and 67% in Rolpa know about single

women allowance. Sixty-three per cent project beneficiaries are aware about the senior citizen

allowance of Dalit people against merely 39% before PI and 29% of the respondents are aware on the

government provision for endangered indigenous allowance for all persons against only 13% before PI

(Table 2.7).

Further, about 84% of the respondents knew about the child registration – with highest in Bardiya

(93%) and least in Rolpa (70%). Before PI, only 56% respondents knew about the need of birth

registration, on the average.

Table 2.7 Percentage distribution of respondents reporting knowledge on Social protection programs

before and after PI

Knowledge on

Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa

Rukum Total

After PI

Senior citizen allowance 93.3 86.7 88.8 74.4 93.2 87.3

Single women allowance 77.2 83.4 70.9 67.2 92.0 78.3

Dalit allowance 67.8 64.9 69.8 38.3 72.2 62.6

Endangered indigenous people

allowance 23.9 41.2 54.7 13.9 9.7 29.2

% of beneficiaries knew about

child birth registration 88.3 84.4 92.7 70.0 83.7 83.8

Before PI

Senior citizen allowance 63.3 51.7 53.8 49.4 53.2 54.3

Single women allowance 52.2 53.4 45.9 42.2 57.0 50.1

Dalit allowance 47.8 42.9 43.8 23.3 37.2 39.0

Endangered indigenous people

allowance 3.9 16.2 29.7 8.9 4.7 12.7

% of beneficiaries knew about

child birth registration 58.3 56.4 57.7 50 59.7 56.4


Media Exposure and Social Protection

As discussed in Chapter one, the project has carried out advocacy on social protection at the district

level through launching of Radio Program. In the household survey, respondents were asked whether

or not they have habit of hearing FM Radio and data reveal that 39% of respondents in Achham, 52% in

26

Banke, 33% in Bardiya and 57% in Rolpa and 65% in Rukum have habit of hearing of a FM daily or two

or three times in a week. The respondents who reported that they heard of FM were further asked the

name of FM station they usually heard about. As presented in Annex 2.2, the project has run six

months program on social protection through six FM stations in five project districts.

In Rolpa, the project funded Radio Rolpa. It is found that 39% of respondents heard this FM. In Bardiya,

Fulbari FM was funded and it was found that 43% of respondents in Bardiya heard this FM; in Banke,

Krishnasar FM was funded, and it was found that 7% respondents in Banke and 15.5% in Bardiya usually

heard this FM; in Achham, the project funded Ramaroshan FM and it was found that 90.5%

respondents in Achham heard this FM and in Rukum, the project funded Radio Sisne, and 20% of

respondents heard this FM (Table 2.8).

Table 2.8 Percentage distribution of respondents by heard of FM, FM funded by the project and social protection

program

Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total

Heard of FM Radio?

Yes 38.9 52.1 33.0 57.2 65.3 49.4

No 61.1 47.9 67.0 42.8 34.7 50.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 180 211 179 180 176 926

If heard, name of FMs

FMs funded by project: Radio Rolpa, Rolpa 1.6 4.9 38.6 10.3

Fulbari, Bardiya 43.1 5.7

Krishnasar FM, Banke 6.9 15.5 3.6

Radio Ramaroshan FM,

Achham 90.5 13.0

Radio Sisne, Rukum 20.0 5.2

Other FMs: Jaljala FM, Rolpa 1.0 54.5 12.8

Sunchhahari f.m. 2.9 2.0 1.1

Veri FM, Banke 1.6 36.3 25.9 5.0 38.3 23.2

Tikapur, Kailali 1.7 0.2

Jana aawaz 4.9 1.7 1.4

Gurubaba 12.1 1.6

Bageshwari FM, Banke 24.5 5.7

Rubaru FM 2.9 0.7

Sudur Aawaj FM 6.3 0.9 1.1

Radio Himal 5.9 1.4

Kohalpur FM 9.8 2.3

Sano Veri FM 38.3 10.0

Uttar Ganga FM 0.9 0.2

Sarada FM 1.7 0.5

Total 100.0

N* 63 102 58 101 115 439

Heard about social

protection program from

FM?

Yes 85.7 73.6 81.4 78.6 53.0 72.4

No 14.3 26.4 18.6 21.4 47.0 27.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N 70 110 59 103 115 457

27

Note: * 7 cases are missing in Achham, 8 cases in Banke, 1 case in Bardiya, 2 cases in Rolpa and these cases are

not included in Table.

Respondents were asked whether they heard about social protection from these FMs and it was found

that nearly three-fourth (72%) of project beneficiaries who usually heard about FM listen to programs

related to social protection i.e. senior citizen, single women, disabled persons, conflict affected families

and children, free maternal health services and free primary education message.

2.7 Sustainability

Sustainability of project’s achievements has been assessed in two areas: i) program/benefit

sustainability and ii) organizational sustainability. Scaling of ‘average’ refers to the project has

developed the ground for sustainability but continued support is needed to sustain the achievement.

The scaling used ‘good’ refers to the project has developed the ground for sustainability well.

Program/benefit sustainability can be said to be average due to the following reasons:

• The TOT participants and PGD graduates have a strong sense of ownership in the benefits of

the programs and they have also applied in their own fields.

• Sustainability at the individual level is the IGA carried out by the beneficiary families, their

increasing professionalism and increasing income. The practice of saving among the

beneficiary families in a bank and a cooperatives is the major change brought by the project

and hence the evidence of sustainability of the project efforts in future.

• Sustainability at the community level is addressed by sensitization of people in general and

conflict affected and marginalized families in particular through radio program and distribution

of IEC materials.

• Sustainability at the Local Governmental levels such as DDC and VDC is addressed by getting

social protection friendly stances adopted into policies and programs.

• However, there is very little money currently allocated by the government for social protection

given the huge size of the conflict affected and vulnerable families in the target districts which

the project has to address, phasing out of project is not viable. Phasing out of infrastructure

development project may de-value DWC, WCOs and partner NGOs in the target VDCs.

Organizational sustainability can be said to be good given the following reasons:

• WCO is the key coordination line agency in the district for the implementation of social

protection measures and provisions.

• The project has built key alliances with VDCs, CBOs, key district level line agencies, media and

other civil society partners.

• The partner NGOs in all target districts have been recognized as transparent and accountable

organizations.

• Beneficiary families are linked to women groups, banks or cooperatives – vital grass-root micro-

credit organizations.

Given these reasons, the benefits from the project at both the service providers and beneficiary

families levels is likely to continue even after the finalization of the project. However, as there has been

28

much expectation at beneficiary level and heightened vulnerability to conflict affected and

marginalized families, the activities need to be continued to sustain the project achievements and

expand its coverage in coming years.

29

Chapter 3

Conclusions and Recommendations

Drawing on the findings of the evaluation study that discussed in Chapter 2, this Chapter draws the

conclusions and recommendations for future areas of intervention.

3.1 Conclusions

The project has both strengths and challenges. Its strengths are the following:

• DWC has become a key organization that has picked up the social protection issues for conflict

affected and marginalized families. At the district level, in addition to the WCOs own social

protection measures and provisions, they have become the key agency for advocacy of social

security provisions from DDC, VDC and other line agencies.

• The project appears to be visible as it covers all wards of the target VDCs, targeting the needy

families – families directly affected by the conflict and very poor and marginalized, disabled

persons, single women, woman headed households and orphans.

• The project activity of granting a conditional grant is transparent as all the money allocated to

an individual beneficiaries was deposited in their bank accounts. Opening the bank account

also reduces the risk of mis-utilization of the grants and increases likelihood of investing on

IGA.

• The project has contributed to increase income among the beneficiary families. In some of the

cases (furniture workshop, cycle repairing, piggery, ginger farming), the income increase is

very high against the target of 10% annual increase. In other cases such as goat-raising, the

number of goats doubled within the one-year of project intervention and for the income from

the goats, one has to wait for sometimes. Further, almost all the project beneficiaries have

initiated saving in a cooperative or in a women group.

• The project has contributed to increase awareness on social protection programs – senior

citizen, single women, disabled, Dalit scholarship allowances - among the rights holders. This,

in turn, worked as a catalytic force for increased commitments on social protection from the

service providers – DDC, VDC, WDO, DCWB and other line agencies. In some of the cases, the

numbers of recipients have increased due to production of citizenship certificates and

certificates of disabled persons.

• The project has also contributed to relieve the beneficiaries from psychological stress as the

consequences of the conflict, as the conflict affected families and individuals now get

opportunity to engage in an occupation and share their experiences in the groups and among

the project personnel.

Despite these strengths, there are several challenges:

• First, project was conducted in a short-period of time – resulting to a rush in carrying out

activities and little monitoring by DWC and WCO in the target VDCs.

• Second, there is high expectation of conflict affected families and communities – the user

committees - demand infrastructure development programs in the target VDCs. Given the

30

project phasing-out in July 2012, implementation of this single activity may be challenging for

DWC.

• Third, establishing the market linkages of the IGA has become challenge especially in remote

VDCs of Rukum, Rolpa and Achham districts. The project could not implement some of the very

important project activities like granting cash for disabled families, artisan and other income

grant. This follows that project failed to cover the most vulnerable families/individuals.

Further, no implementation of value chain activities like conduction of training for WDOs,

partner NGOs and beneficiary families also means that the project lost the opportunity to

increase the professionalism among the rights holders as well as the service providers. There is

need to change the attitudes of policy makers, decision makers and implementators about

social protection, which appear to be challenging as the project is being phased out. As the

project did not allocate financial support for capacity development of WCO – computers,

printers and office furniture - the motivation of WCO was found to be low to implement the

project activities.

3.2 Recommendations

Recommendations for interventions that can form the basis of an action plan to increase income and

awareness on social protection among the conflict affected families are the following:

Infrastructure Development Project - The activity of infrastructure development project needs to be

continued in the coming fiscal year as community people have high expectation that the project will

help support to build infrastructure in the village.

Follow-up to the Beneficiaries - There is a need to follow up to the project beneficiaries who received

the grants. Follow-up is needed to continuously encourage them to carry out the IGA and increase

professionalism on it. For this, WCOs and NGOs may be the follow-up agencies.

Awareness on Social Protection – More advocacy and information is needed through trainings,

electronic and printed materials to continue to raise awareness of the rights holders as well as service

providers on Social protection programs.

Institutionalization of PGD Course – As the PGD course on social protection was found to be highly

relevant for Government officials; the course needs to be institutionalized so that more number of

Government officials as well as civil society should be well equipped with knowledge on social

protection. To attract Government officials and others in the program, there is a need to take

accreditation from a University, however.

Replication of project achievement – It is learnt that integration of project activities like conditional

grants and awareness on social protection through training and media is the effective way to uplift the

conflict affected and vulnerable families in the target districts. This modality of project implementation

contributed to i) increase direct household income through IGA and ii) it contributed to increase

awareness on entitlements provided by the Government. Such modality of project intervention may be

replicated by other relevant Ministries and Departments and donors to effectively reach the unreached

population in Nepal.

31

References

NPC (2010) Three Year Plan Approach Paper (2010/11-2012/13) (Kathmandu: National Planning

Commission, Government of Nepal).

Project Documents

ASI (2011) Interim Progress Report, Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable and Conflict

Affected Families and Children (Kathmandu: ASI and ADB).

A Brief Report on 'Child Rights and Child Protection in Training' at Rolpa, Bardiya, Banke and Rukum

District.

A Brief Report on District Level TOT on Social Protection with Emphasis on Available Services, Women

and Children.

Community Infrastructure Development (Procurement) Guideline, 2011.

Program Implementation Guideline, FY 2011/12, Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable

and Conflict Affected Families and Children .

Post Graduate Course in Social Work 2010-11, Annual Report.

Project Progress Report, Nov. 2011-March 2012.

Data Records

WDOs of Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum

32

Annex

Annex 1.1 Household Questionnaires

JFPR (!!)(!!)(!!)(!!) kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0fkl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0fkl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0fkl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0f (Final Evaluation Survey of JFPR 9110 Beneficiary Families)

hf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåahf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåahf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåahf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgff6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgff6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgff6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf ----c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@

1.1 lhNnfsf] gfd ================ 1.2 uf=lj=;=sf] gfd========= ===================

1.3 j8f g+====================== 1.4 6f]n÷ufpFsf] gfd========================== 1.5 3/d"nLsf] gfd=============== 1.6 3/d"nLsf] hft÷hflt==================== 1.7 3/d"nLsf] lnË==============k'?if=========1, dlxnf=========2

:d/0f /xf];:d/0f /xf];:d/0f /xf];:d/0f /xf];\\ \\ : !!!!) s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/ 5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];\\ \\ . olb vfln 7fFp . olb vfln 7fFp . olb vfln 7fFp . olb vfln 7fFp ----_____________ jf_ jf_ jf_ jf 5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];\\ \\ .... @@@@) tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf]s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf]s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf]s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];;;;\\ \\ / ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];/ ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];/ ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];/ ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];\\ \\

. . . . yfxfyfxfyfxfyfxf geP dfqgeP dfqgeP dfqgeP dfq, , , , :fDjlGwt pQ/df :fDjlGwt pQ/df :fDjlGwt pQ/df :fDjlGwt pQ/df “yfxfyfxfyfxfyfxf gePsfgePsfgePsfgePsf ] ] ] ] ” n]Vg'xf];n]Vg'xf];n]Vg'xf];n]Vg'xf];\\ \\ ....

v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f (Family Details)

101 of] s'g k|sf/sf]s'g k|sf/sf]s'g k|sf/sf]s'g k|sf/sf] kl/jf/ xf] < k|ToIf 4Gålkl8t kl/jf/ ……...…….1

;LdfGts[t/u/Lj kl/jf/= ……………2

102 olb k|ToIf 4Gålkl8t kl/jf/ ePdf, of] s'g k|sf/sf] s'g k|sf/sf] s'g k|sf/sf] s'g k|sf/sf] 4Gålkl8t4Gålkl8t4Gålkl8t4Gålkl8t kl/jf/ xf] <

(Ps eGbf al9 pQ/ cfpg;Sg] )

kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox?sf] åGådf dfl/Psf==1

kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? j]kQf kfl/Psf=====2

kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? la:Yfflkt ePsf]==3 kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? ckx/0f÷lu/km\tf/Ldf k/]sf] =================================================4

kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox?nfO{ b'Mv lbOPsf]==5

cGo -v'nfpg]___________________

103 tkfO“sf] kl/jf/df hDdf hDdf hDdf hDdf slt hgf ;b:ox¿;b:ox¿;b:ox¿;b:ox¿ x'g'x'G5 < (kl/efiffM kl/jf/sf ;b:o eGgfn] Pp6} 5fgf d'lg a:g], Pp6} efG;f ug]{ AolStx?nfO{ a'lemG5 . )

hDdf ;+Vof

pd]/ ;d"x k'?if dlxnf !$ jif{ :fDdsf !%-@$

@%-%(

^)-^(

&) jif{ / al9

104 o; kl/jf/sf] nflu vfg]kfgLvfg]kfgLvfg]kfgLvfg]kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t s] xf]< kfOksf] kfgL================1 wf/f===========================2 s'jf/Ogf/====================3

6o"j]n/xft]kDk==============4

gbL/gx/======================5

cGo -v'nfpg]________________

105 kl/jf/sf] cfkm\g} k|of]usf] nflu s'g k|sf/sf] rkLrkLrkLrkL{ 5< rkL{ gePsf]=============== 1 vfN6] rkL{===================2 hn k|j]z====================3 km\n;======================== 4

33

106 kl/jf/df alQ alQ alQ alQ afNgsf] nflu w]/}h;f] s] k|of]u ug'{x'G5<

lah'nL========================1 d§Lt]n========================2 sf7bfp/f=====================3 ;f]nf/=========================4 afof]Uof;=======================5 cGo -v'nfpg]________________

107 of] 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] xf]< xf]==========================1 xf]Og=======================2

108 of] 3/sf] 5fgf5fgf5fgf5fgf s] sf] 5 <

5\jfnL÷k/fn=============1 6Lg÷h:tf================2 6fon=======================3 9'Ëf=========================4 9nfg=======================5 cGo -v'nfpg]________________

109 of] 3/sf] kvf{n] kvf{n] kvf{n] kvf{n s]n] ag]sf] 5 < Dff6f] / 9'Ëf===============1 sf7======================= 2 afF;======================= 3 O{F6f======================== 4 cGo -v'nfpg]________________

110 s] kl/jf/sf] :jfldTjdf hUufhldg:jfldTjdf hUufhldg:jfldTjdf hUufhldg:jfldTjdf hUufhldg 5< 5==================1 5}g================2

111 olb hUufhldg eP, sltsltsltslt 5< -kxf8L lhNnfsf] xsdf hUuf /f]kgLdf/f]kgLdf/f]kgLdf/f]kgLdf n]Vg] / t/fO{sf] lhNnfsf] xsdf s¶fdfs¶fdfs¶fdfs¶fdf n]Vg]_

1= v]t ________________

2= af/L ________________

3= jghª\un _____________

hDdfhDdfhDdfhDdf _________________

112 tkfO{sf] hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6 kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ ut ut ut ut jif{ x/]s lbgjif{ x/]s lbgjif{ x/]s lbgjif{ x/]s lbg kof{Kt dfqdf vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<

k'Uof]]=============== 1 k'u]g================2

113 olb gk'u]sf] ePgk'u]sf] ePgk'u]sf] ePgk'u]sf] eP, slt dlxgf slt dlxgf slt dlxgf slt dlxgf vfg k'u]g< Vffgf gk'u]sf] dlxgf__________

v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/]v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/]v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/]v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/] (Questions on Changes after Project Intervention)

@=! M@=! M@=! M@=! M cg'bfgsf] pkof]u cg'bfgsf] pkof]u cg'bfgsf] pkof]u cg'bfgsf] pkof]u (Grant Utilisation) k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 201 tkfO{nfO{ ;/sf/n] lbPsf] cg'bfg ?= !@))) slxn]

kfpg'eof] ? ;fn ______________

dlxgf _____________

202 tkfO{n] of] cg'bfg s'g cfly{s ls|ofsnfkdf nufpg'eof] ?


Affv|fkfng…………….1

;'+u'/kfng…………….2

ufO{/uf]?………………3

e}+;L//fFuf] ……==========…4

t/sf/L v]tL…………===5

n3' Jofkf/===================6

cGo -v'nfpg]_______________

203 tkfO{n] of] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk ul//xg'ePsf] slt ;do/cjlw eof] ?

dlxgf _____________

204 tkfO{n] of] cfly{s ls|ofsnfkdf slt nufgL nufpg' eof] ?

?=%))) eGbf sd………====.1

?=%)))- ?=!)))) ;Dd…===2

?=!)))) eGbf Afl9 …=====….3

205 olb ?=%))) eGbf sd nufgL nufpg' ePsf] 5 eg],

34

lsg tkfO{n] ;a} cg'bfg nufgL ug'{ePg ? _____________________

206 olb ?=!@))) eGbf Al9 nufgL nufpg' ePsf] 5 eg], slt nufgL nufpg' ePsf] 5 ?

?= ________________

207 tkfO{n] of] cltl/Q nufgL nufpg] ?k}of s;/L h'6fpg' eof] ?

_____________________

@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo/;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg (Contribution to Household Income/Asset after Project Intervention)

kfNt' hgfj/kfNt' hgfj/kfNt' hgfj/kfNt' hgfj/ -kl/jf/df kfNt' hgfj/ 5g\ ls 5}gg\ pNn]v ug'{xf];\_ s|;= kfNt'

hgfj/sf k|sf/

kl/jf/;Fu lgDglnlvt hgfj/x? 5 hgfj/x? 5 hgfj/x? 5 hgfj/x? 5 ls 5}g ls 5}g ls 5}g ls 5}g < 5============1

5}g==========2

s'n rf}kfofsf] s'n rf}kfofsf] s'n rf}kfofsf] s'n rf}kfofsf] ;Vof;Vof;Vof;Vof (sfo{qmd nfu' ug'{ klxn] / kl5sf hf]8]/

;Vofdf n]Vg'xf];\)

tkfO{n]] cg'bfgaf6cg'bfgaf6cg'bfgaf6cg'bfgaf6 slt j6f slt j6f slt j6f slt j6f lsGg'ePsflsGg'ePsflsGg'ePsflsGg'ePsf] lyof]? -;Vof n]Vg'xf];\_

tkfO{;Fu xfn slt xfn slt xfn slt xfn slt j6f 5j6f 5j6f 5j6f 5 ?

-;Vof n]Vg'xf];\_

tkfO{n]] ]] xfnxfnxfnxfn rn]sf] ahf/ahf/ahf/ahf/ d"Nodfd"Nodfd"Nodfd"Nodf, tL cg'bfgaf6 lsg]sfcg'bfgaf6 lsg]sfcg'bfgaf6 lsg]sfcg'bfgaf6 lsg]sf kfNt' hgfj/ ;a}nfO{ a]Rbfa]Rbfa]Rbfa]Rbf slt ?k}of slt ?k}of slt ?k}of slt ?k}of kfpg' x'G5kfpg' x'G5kfpg' x'G5kfpg' x'G5 ? -?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\_

tkfO{n] sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' kl5kl5kl5kl5, s'g} s'g} s'g} s'g} rf}kfof laqmL rf}kfof laqmL rf}kfof laqmL rf}kfof laqmL ug'{ePsf] 5?

5 …..1

5}g ……2

olb laqmL ug'{ePsf] 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], hDdf sltdf sltdf sltdf sltdf laqmLlaqmLlaqmLlaqmL ug'{eof] ? -?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\_

208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215

1 ufO{/uf]?,

af5f/af5L

5 5}g 5 5}g

2 e}F;L//fFuf,

kf8f/kf8L

5 5}g 5 5}g

3 Afv|f/e]F8f 5 5}g 5 5}g

4 ;'+u'//a'+u'/ 5 5}g 5 5}g

5 xfF; /s'v'/f 5 5}g 5 5}g

kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g \\ \\<<<<

S|=; ;'ljwfx?;'ljwfx?;'ljwfx?;'ljwfx? pNn]lvt ;'ljwfx? 5g5g5g5g\\ \\ ls 5}ggls 5}ggls 5}ggls 5}gg\< 5==========1

5}g========2

pQ ;fdfgx? slxn] Nofpg'eofslxn] Nofpg'eofslxn] Nofpg'eofslxn] Nofpg'eof]?

sfo{qmd nfu' ug'{ klxn]====1

sfo{qmd nfu' u/] kl5=======2

olb sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' u/] kl5kl5kl5kl5 xf] eg], tkfO{n] pQm ;fdfgsf] ;fdfgsf] ;fdfgsf] ;fdfgsf] d"No sltd"No sltd"No sltd"No slt ltg'{eof] ? -?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\_

216 217 218 219

1 /]l8of] 5= 5}g

2 l6=eL= 5= 5}g

3 n'uf l;pg] d]lzg 5= 5}g

4 ;fOsn 5= 5}g

5 6]lnkmf]g, df]jfOn 5= 5}g

k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 220 olb n3' Jofkf/n3' Jofkf/n3' Jofkf/n3' Jofkf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 eg], Tof] Jofkf/

s:tf] k|sf/sfs:tf] k|sf/sfs:tf] k|sf/sfs:tf] k|sf/sf] xf]?

_____________________________

221 tkfO{n] of] Jofkf/ ;'? ug'{eP kl5, slt sdfpg' slt sdfpg' slt sdfpg' slt sdfpg' eof]eof]eof]eof] ?

?=?=?=?= _______________

222. s[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfos[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfos[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfos[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfo/cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];\\ \\: - sfo{qmd nfusfo{qmd nfusfo{qmd nfusfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' eGbf klxnklxnklxnklxn] / xfnxfnxfnxfnsf] cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];\ _ cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx?cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx?cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx?cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx? cg'bfg kfpg' klxn]cg'bfg kfpg' klxn]cg'bfg kfpg' klxn]cg'bfg kfpg' klxn] cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5

s] Tof] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk kl/jf/n] kl/jf/n] kl/jf/n] kl/jf/n]

olb lyolyolyolyof] eg], jflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgL

s] of] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk xfn xfn xfn xfn

olb 5 eg,] jflif{s jflif{s jflif{s jflif{s cfDbfgLcfDbfgLcfDbfgLcfDbfgL slt x'G5

35

;~rfng u/]sf];~rfng u/]sf];~rfng u/]sf];~rfng u/]sf] lyof] < sltsltsltslt lyof] < kl/jf/sf] ;~rfngkl/jf/sf] ;~rfngkl/jf/sf] ;~rfngkl/jf/sf] ;~rfngdf 5 <

<

lyof] lyPg ?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\ 5 5}g ?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\ cGgjfnL pTkfbg 1 2 1 2

t/sf/L÷kmnkm"n 1 2 1 2

b'w ÷gf}gL 1 2 1 2

s'v'/f ÷c08f 1 2 1 2

afv|fkfng 1 2 1 2

;'+u'/kfng 1 2 1 2

rf}kfof-ufO{uf]?÷e};L/fFuf]_ 1 2 1 2

;]jf ÷hflu/ 1 2 1 2

cjsf; / lgj[lQ÷k]G;g 1 2 1 2

j[4 ,ljw'jf, ckfª\utf tyf cGo eQf

1 2 1 2

ljb]z jf :jb]zaf6 sfd ug]{ dflg;n] k9fPsf] k};f

1 2 1 2

dhb'/L÷>d u/] jfkt 1 2 1 2

k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 223 tkfOn] cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3, tkfOsf] kl/jf/sf] jfli{fs jfli{fs jfli{fs jfli{fs

cfo÷cfDbfgLcfo÷cfDbfgLcfo÷cfDbfgLcfo÷cfDbfgL slt lyof] < ?= ?= ?= ?= ______________

224 xfnxfnxfnxfn, tkfOsf] kl/jf/sf] jflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgL slt /x]sf] 5< ?= ?= ?= ?= ______________

225 tkfO{n] cg'bfg nufgL u/]/ sdfpg' ePsf] cfDbfgL s]s]s]s]-s] s] s] s] df vrdf vrdf vrdf vr{ ug'{ eof] <


kfl/jfl/s vr{======================1

jfnjflnsfsf] lzIffdf vr{======2

jfnjflnsfsf] :jf:Yodf vr{====3

C0f r'SQf============================4

c?nfO{ ;fk6÷C0f lbPsf]=======5

3/fo;L ;DklQ hf]8]sf]===========6

cGo -v'nfpg]______________

226 tkfOsf] ljrf/df, g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|bfg u/]s]f cg'bfgn]cg'bfgn]cg'bfgn]cg'bfgn] tkfOsf] kl/jf/sf] lhjLsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] ;xof]u;xof]u;xof]u;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] h:tf] nfU5 <

Psbd w]/}=========================== 1

w]/}==================================== 2

eGg g;lsg]======================= 3

yf]/}=================================== 4

Psbd yf]/}=========================== 5

v08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgfv08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgfv08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgfv08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgf

(Awareness on Social Protection, Social protection programs and Training)

#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgs#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgs#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgs#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgsf] dfWod f] dfWod f] dfWod f] dfWod (Knowledge on Social Protection and Medium

of Knowledge) k|=g+k|=g+k|=g+k|=g+ k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 301 s] tkfOsf] kl/jf/;Fu /]l8of/]l8of/]l8of/]l8of] 5 < 5………………====..1

5}g…………………2

305

302 olb 5 eg], tkfO{ k|fo: s'gs'gs'gs'g Pkm=Pd=Pkm=Pd=Pkm=Pd=Pkm=Pd= (FM) ;'Gg'x'G5;'Gg'x'G5;'Gg'x'G5;'Gg'x'G5 <

__________________________

303 tkfOn] slxNo} Pkm=Pd(FM) df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf];DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf];DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf];DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf] 5 < -h:t} j[4j[4f, ljw'jf, c;Ifd, blntjf/] kfpg] eQf ;DjlGw cflb _

5…………====……..1

5}g…………………2

36

304 olb ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 eg], To;af6 tkfOn] s] 1fg kfpg' eof] <

__________________________

305 tkfOn] slxNo} afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' ePsfePsfePsfePsf] 5 <

5……………….====.1

5}g…………………2

307

306 tkfOn] % jif{ d'lgsf% jif{ d'lgsf% jif{ d'lgsf% jif{ d'lgsf ;j} afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtfhGdbtfhGdbtfhGdbtf{ u/fpg' ePsf] 5 <

5………………………….….1

5}g……………………….……2

% jif{ d'gLsf afnjflnsf gePsf]==3

k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 307 tkfO{n] cg'bfgcg'bfgcg'bfgcg'bfg kfpg' cl3cl3cl3cl3, s'g} j}+sdf vftfj}+sdf vftfj}+sdf vftfj}+sdf vftf vf]Ng'

ePsf] lyof] < lyof]………………….1

lyPg…………………2

308 xfnxfnxfnxfn tkfO{sf] gfddf a}+s vftfa}+s vftfa}+s vftfa}+s vftf 5 < 5……………………..1

5}g……………………2

309 cg'bfg cg'bfg cg'bfg cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cl3cl3cl3, tkfO{n] s'g} ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x jf j}+sdf djf j}+sdf djf j}+sdf djf j}+sdf dfl;s jrtfl;s jrtfl;s jrtfl;s jrt ug]{ u'g{ePsf] lyof] <

lyof] …………………..1

lyPg……………..……2

310 xfnxfnxfnxfn, tkfOn] dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, j}+sj}+sj}+sj}+s cflbdf ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <

5……………………...1

5}g……………….……2

313

311 olb 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], dfl;sdfl;sdfl;sdfl;s ?kdf sltsltsltslt jrt jrt jrt jrt ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <

?= ?= ?= ?= ______________

312 tkfOn] of] jrt sxfFjrt sxfFjrt sxfFjrt sxfF ul//xg' ePsf] 5 < -jrt ul/Psf] ;:yf j}+s ;d'x ;xsf/L cflbsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\_

__________________________

#=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] #=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] #=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] #=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] (Knowledge on Government Support and

Utilisation) 313 s] tkfO{nfO{ ;/sf/;/sf/;/sf/;/sf/n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf,

ckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'vckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'vckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'vckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hghfltnfO{ hghfltnfO{ hghfltnfO{ hghfltnfO{ eQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsfeQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsfeQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsfeQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 <

h]i7 gful/s Psn dlxnf blnt nf]kf]Gd'v hghflt ckfËtf ePsf JolQm

5555 1

1

1

1

1

5}g5}g5}g5}g 2

2

2

2

2

314 olb ;'Gg'ePsf] 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], slt pd]/dfslt pd]/dfslt pd]/dfslt pd]/df pQm eQf lbOG5 < -olb pd]/ yfx gePsf] eP, ;Djlwt pd]/df yfx gePsf] n]Vg'xf];\ _

h]i7 gful/s -jif{_ __________

Psn dlxnf -jif{_ ___________

blnt -jif{_ ______________

nf]k'Gd'v hghflt -jif{_ _______

ckfËtf ePsf JolQm -jif{________

315 tkfO{n] oL ;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf e;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf e;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf e;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf eQfx?sf] Qfx?sf] Qfx?sf] Qfx?sf] af/]df af/]df af/]df af/]df slxNf] hfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/L kfpg' eof] <

sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn] ==========1

sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5 ============2

316 tkfO{n] of] hfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/L d'Vot: s'g dfWoddfWoddfWoddfWodaf6 kfpg'eof] <

of]hgfsf sd{rf/Laf6……=======….1

uflj; sfof{noaf6………………2

lzIfs÷lzlIfsfaf6………………3

kl/jfl/s ;b:ox?af6……=======…4

5/l5d]saf6……………===========..5

/]l8of]÷Sofn]G8/=========================6

k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 317 xfnxfnxfnxfn, tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:onkl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:onkl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:onkl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] ;'ljwf÷eQf ;'ljwf÷eQf ;'ljwf÷eQf ;'ljwf÷eQf

lng' ePsflng' ePsflng' ePsflng' ePsf] 5 < 5………………….1

5}g…………………2

322

37

318 olb 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], s'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQfs'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQfs'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQfs'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQf lnO/xg' ePsf] xf] < (Ps eGbf al9 pQ/ cfpg;Sg] )

h]i7 gful/s eQf………………1

Psn dlxnf eQf………===============2

blnt eQf……………….……3

nf]kf]Gd'v hghflt eQf ………….4

ckfËtf eQf……………========…5

319 eQf kfpg] JolQmneQf kfpg] JolQmneQf kfpg] JolQmneQf kfpg] JolQmn], pQm eQf slxn]slxn]slxn]slxn] lng'ePsf] lyof] <

sfo{qmd nfu" ug'{ klxn]…1

sfo{qmd nfu" u/] kl5 ….2

320 olb sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf]sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf]sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf]sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf] egegegeg], s] Tof] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xfsfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xfsfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xfsfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xf] <

xf]………………=======..1

xf]Og……………….…2

321 olb xf] egxf] egxf] egxf] eg], s;/Ls;/Ls;/Ls;/L sfo{qmdn] k|efj kf¥of]< _______________________

#=# ;Lk÷tfln#=# ;Lk÷tfln#=# ;Lk÷tfln#=# ;Lk÷tflndsf] l;sfO ;DalGw dsf] l;sfO ;DalGw dsf] l;sfO ;DalGw dsf] l;sfO ;DalGw (Learning from Trainings ) 322 cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3, tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on]

;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf] lyof]< lyof]………………..1

lyPg…………….…2

323 cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5,, tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] ;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePs;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePs;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePs;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePsf] 5 <

5…………………..1

5}g…………………2

401

324 olb 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg,] Tof] tflnd s;ns;ns;ns;n] lng' eof] < k'?if…………..……..1

dlxnf……………….2

325 Tof] s'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnds'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnds'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnds'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnd lyof] < ____________________

326 tkfO{sf] ljrf/df, pQm tflndpQm tflndpQm tflndpQm tflnd tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] lhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uLlhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uLlhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uLlhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uL ePsf] 5 <

Psbd w]/} pkof]u================== 1

w]/} pkof]uL =====.================== 2

eGg g;lsg]=========================3

yf]/} pkof]uL ======================= 4

Psbd yf]/}= pkof]uL ============== 5

327 olb Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/} jf w]/}w]/}w]/}w]/} pkof]uL ePsf] 5 eg] lsg xf]nflsg xf]nflsg xf]nflsg xf]nf <

_____________________

38

v08 $v08 $v08 $v08 $: sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] ----%%%%––––!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj (Effect of Program on education status of 5-14 years children) 401 of] kl/jf/df % b]lv !$ jif{sf afnaflnsf 5g\ jf 5}gg\<

5g\ ==========1 5}gg\==========2 (v08 % hfgv08 % hfgv08 % hfgv08 % hfg])

Klxnf] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fKlxnf] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fKlxnf] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fKlxnf] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0f bf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fbf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fbf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fbf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0f Tf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fTf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fTf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0fTf];|f] afns÷jflnsfsf] ljj/0f lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/======== lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/======== lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/========lnË========= pd]/========

402 xfnxfnxfnxfn, logL afns÷jflnsfafns÷jflnsfafns÷jflnsfafns÷jflnsf ljBfno ljBfno ljBfno ljBfno uO/xg" uO/xg" uO/xg" uO/xg" ePsf] 5<

ljBfno uO/x]sf] =========1

ljBfno hfg 5f]8]sf]======2

slxNo} ljBfno guPsf]==3







403 olb uO/x'gePsf] 5uO/x'gePsf] 5uO/x'gePsf] 5uO/x'gePsf] 5 eg], pxfF slt slt slt slt sIfsIfsIfsIffdffdffdffdf kl9/xg' ePsf] 5 <

kl9/x]s]f sIff _____



404 pQm afns ÷jflnsfn] slxn] egf{slxn] egf{slxn] egf{slxn] egf{ u'g{eof] <

sfo{qmd nfu' ul/g' klxn]===1

sfo{qmd nfu' ul/P kl5=====2




sfo{qmd nfu' ul/P kl5=====2 405 sfo{qmdnsfo{qmdnsfo{qmdnsfo{qmdn] -cg'bfg, r]tgfd"ns

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39

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40

Annex 1.2 Name and designation of individuals consulted

SN Name Designation and Office

Shanta Bhattrai Under Secretary, DWC, Kathmandu

Nirmala Thapa, PGD participant Section Officer, Ministry of Commerce

Nira Ahikari, PGD participant Section Officer, DWC

Bardiya

Shanta Chand Focal person, WDO

Komal Prasad Tharu General Secretary, Geruwa Gramin Jagaran, Patabhar VDC

Ganga Devi Shrestha Single Women Group, Motipur VDC

Binod Lamechhane NGO CC, Mohammadpur VDC

Laxmi Nepal DCWB

Dhan Singh Giri District Court

Shankar Rokaya VDC Secretary, Thakurdwaraa VDC

Banke

Shobha Sha WDO

Bindu Kunwar Focal Person, WDO

Prem Sharma Advocate

Mahesh Nepali DCWB

Hem Raj Bhatta Partner NGO

Parbat Kumar Thakuri Partner NGO

Ram Prasad Sharma Partner NGO

Tula Adhikari Krishna Sagar FM, Banke

Rolpa

Maya Shrestha, Act. WDO

Shanti Basnet Focal Person, WDO

Shobha Ram Dangi RUDAS Nepal

Shawan Nepal Dalit Mahila Sachetana Kendra

Ghanashayam Acharya HURAC Rolpa

Him Jyoti Gotame Janasewa Kendra Nepal

Sumitra Gharti Magar Jana Sarokar Service Center

Ram Kumar Neupane Section Officer, DDC

Gokarna Pun DCWB

Bhasanta Rokka Magar Field Worker, Thawang VDC

Pabitra Gharti Field Worker, Kureli VDC

Juna Maya Rokka Magar Chairperson, User Commitee, Uwa-6

Achham

Indira Ojha WDO

Prem Bahadur Budha DCWB

Khadga Bahadur Bistha Program Officer, DDC

WAC –Nepal, partner NGO, Dhakari VDC

Janalibandali Society, Achham, Dhaku VDC

VIDIC Nepal, Kalagaon VDC

WADS Nepal, Bardadevi VDC

PNGO District Red cross Society, Bhatakatiya

Nara Bahadur Bohora VDC Secretary, Bhatakatiya VDC

41

Bir Bahadur Shai District TOT participant

Dambar Kumari Saud District TOT participant

Tek Bahadur Thapa Radio Ramaroshan, Achham

Tek Bahadur Bhandari Panchakoshi FM, Dailekha

Rukum

WDO

Sisne Youth Club Khara VDC

Nepal Indigenous Ethnic Concern

Center

Chunawang VDC

MIC Nepal Ranmamaikot VDC

Christian Society Development

Campaign

Hukam VDC

Nepal Public Awareness Forum Pipal VDC

HRPLSC Mahat

Shankar Bahadur KC TOT participant

Lalit Bahadur Budha Magar TOT participant

Kishan Singh Thapa DSP, Rukum

Narayan Sha Sisne FM, Rukum

42

Annex 2.1 Overview of VDC level training date and participants by districts and VDCs

Participants

SN VDC Date Expected Attended Female Male

Achham

1 Kala Gaon 21 - 22 Feb. 50 50 24 26

2 Dhaku 26 - 27 Feb. 50 50 14 36

3 Dhakari 28 - 29 Feb. 50 50 18 32

4 Bhatakatia 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 29 21

5 Barda Devi 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 13 37

6 Kuinka 24- 25 Feb. 50 50 20 30

Total 300 300 118 182

Banke

1 Betahani 23-24 Mar. 50 50 21 29

2 Naubasta 17-18 Mar. 50 50 20 30

3 Baijapur 21-22 Mar. 50 50 22 28

4 Gangapur 25-26 Mar. 50 50 21 29

5 Binauna 19-20 Mar. 50 50 32 18

6 Mahadevpuri 27-28 Mar. 50 50 14 36

7 Fattepur 29-30 Mar. 50 50 32 18

TOTAL 350 350 162 188

Bardiya

1 Mohammadpur 16 – 17 Mar. 50 53 49 4

2 Thakurdwara 22– 23 Mar. 50 53 36 17

3 Dhadwar 25 – 26 Mar. 50 53 30 23

4 Motipur 19 – 20 Mar. 50 53 32 21

5 Badalpur 28 – 29 Mar. 50 53 30 23

6 Patabhar 1-2 April 50 53 30 23

TOTAL 300 318 207 111

Rolpa

1 Thabang 26-27 Mar. 50 50 20 30

2 Jailbang 26 – 27 Mar. 50 50 19 31

3 Kureli 16 – 17 Mar. 50 50 24 26

4 Mirul 21-22 Mar. 50 50 19 31

5 Gam 2-3 Apr. 50 50 9 41

6 Uwa 1-2 Apr. 50 50 24 26

TOTAL 300 300 115 185

Rukum

1 Khara 21- 22 Feb. 50 50 34 16

2 Mahat 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 27 23

3 Chunbang 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 17 33

4 Pipal 19 - 20 Feb. 50 50 32 18

5 Hukam 3-4 Apr. 50 50 29 21

6 Ranma Maikot 5-6 Apr. 50 50 29 21

TOTAL 300 300 168 132

43

Annex 2.2 Overview of FM Radio Programs on social protection

District FM Total PSA per

day

Radio program day Radio program

time

Bardia Fulbari 10 New Program: Sunday

Repeat Program: Wednesday

7:30 – 8:00 am

7:30-8:00 am

Rolpa Radio Rolpa 10

New Program: Wednesday

Repeat Program: Friday

7:00 – 7:30 am

7:00 – 7:30 am

Rukum Radio Sisne 10

New Program: Sunday

Repeat Program: Saturday

7:30 – 8:00 am

9:30-10:00 pm

Banke Krishnasar FM 10

New Program: Monday


7:00 – 7:30 am

7:00 – 7:30 am

Achham Ramaroshan FM

10

New Program: Monday


8:30 – 9:00 am

9:15-9:45 pm

Dailekh Panchakoshi

10

New Program: Sunday

Repeat Program: Tuesday

7:00 – 7:30 am

7:00 – 7:30 am

Annex 2.3 Target Distribution project beneficiaries by districts and VDCs

VDC Number Per cent VDC Number Per cent

Achham Bardiya

Kalagaon 150 3.1 Badalpur 110 1.8

Kuika 150 3.1 Dhadawar 110 1.8

Bhatkatiya 150 3.1 Motipur 80 1.3

Dhaku 150 3.1 Mohammadapur 80 1.3

Dhakari 150 3.1 Patabhar 110 1.8

Bardadevi 150 3.1 Thakurdwara 110 1.8

Sub-total 900 18.4 Sub-total 600 9.7

Banke Rolpa

Betahani 75 1.3 Gam 151 2.1

Binauna 75 1.3 Jelbang 151 2.1

Naubasta 125 2.2 Kureli 151 2.1

Baijapur 125 2.2 Mirul 151 2.1

Mahadevpuri 125 2.2 Thabang 151 2.1

Fattepur 90 1.6 Uwa 145 2.0

Gangapur 85 1.5 Sub-total 900 12.7

Sub-total 700 12.5 Rukum

Khara 130 1.8

Ranmaikot 130 1.8

44

Chunabang 130 1.8

Hukam 170 2.4

Mahat 170 2.4

Pipal 170 2.4

Sub-total 900 12.7

Total 4000 100.0

Note: for ward wise distribution of project beneficiaries, please refer to annex ….

45

Annex 2.4 Cases of Income Generating Activities and Contribution in Income

Case I High earning from a cycle repair workshop

Man Kumari Tharu, 27, is from Thakurdwara, Bardiya. She is from a very marginalized and poor family.

Her family owns only three Kattha land. Her family consists of four members (2 sons, husband and

herself). Both sons are attending in a community school in the village.

Being a very poor family, Man Kumari was selected as a beneficiary family. She received grants of Rs.

12,000 in April, 2011 (Chaitra, 2067). Her husband had a cycle maintenance workshop before she

received the grants. The grant was utilized for buying the maintenance materials of the cycle workshop.

Now, both husband and wife work in the workshop. Before receiving the grants, Man Kumari was a

wage labor in agriculture.

Man Kumari reported that they earned, on the average, Rs. 300 – 400 daily, a maximum of Rs. 800-Rs.

1,000. Her family has also initiated saving in Karnali Development Bank and in a Cooperative in the

village. Her family has deposited of Rs. 7,000 in Karnali Development Bank and Rs. 50 daily in the

cooperative and by now they have Rs. 4,500 in the cooperative. Before the program intervention, her

family did not have saving at all.

When enquired about the utilization of earning from the cycle workshop, she reported that they use it

for food, children's education and medicine. As both husband and wife are involved in cycle

maintenance, the activity may be continued in future.

Case 2 High earning from a furniture workshop

Paradeshini Tharu, 28, comes from Thakurdwara-1, Bardiya. She received grants as being a very poor

family.

Her husband used to work as a carpenter in the village. After receiving the grants, they established a

furniture workshop by buying electricity-run cutter machines, motors and other tools. Before receiving

the grants, they had only hand-used tools.

It is reported that there is high demand of furniture like chairs, desks, sleeping beds, dressing tables,

kitchen tables, stands and low beds. The demand comes from the villagers, hotel owners and schools.

In order to meet the demand, they have they have employed two workers paying of Rs. 300/daily per

person.

It is reported that they have monthly income of Rs. 18,000-Rs. 20,000. They have also initiated saving in

Karnali Development Bank and a cooperative. They have saving of Rs. 2000 in the former and they

deposit Rs. 200 daily the cooperative. By now, they have deposited Rs. 14,000 in the cooperative which

provides 8% interest to the deposited money. In addition, they have bought furniture making tools in

Rs. 28,000 by their earning and they were also able to send their brother to a Gulf country by paying Rs.

Rs. 40,000 in this year.

When enquired about the advantage of the grants, Paradeshini and her husband responded that

before they used to make furniture by hands, now they make it from electrical tools – resulting good

quality products, fast work and high price. Paradeshini has two sons and two daughters. Her three

children are going to a community school and her last son is attending in a private school regularly.

46

Case 3 Relief from a Ghumti shop for a very deprived Dalit family

Suka Maya Dholi, Thakurdwara-6, Bardiya, is from a landless as well as Dalit family. Her family consists

of 10 members and her husband is working in India as a laborer. Suka Maya received grants in her

brother's daughter name who is disabled. Suka Maya is taking care of her.

With the grants of Rs. 12,000, Suka Maya opened ghumti pasal (a small retail shop kept in a small

wooden made hut) in the village. She bought ghumti in Rs. 15,000 and goods in Rs. 11,000 with the

grants and borrowing from a cooperative in the village.

She has now earning of Rs. 200-300 daily and she utilizes income in household consumption and child's

education.

When enquired about the advantages of the grants received, she says, 'I have never thought that we

will be able to do a shop in this area as we are the landless and we did not have income to establish a

shop. The grants provided us this opportunity'. She realized that one must be literate to run a shop.

Before the program intervention, her family often borrowed in a high interest rate, now her family has

no loan for household consumption.

She saves Rs. 200/monthly in Karnali Development Bank. By now, she has Rs. 5,000 deposit in the Bank.

In addition, she has been depositing Rs. 40/monthly for the last 24 months in a cooperative. She has

also bought one buffalo in Rs. 14,000 some eight years ago, contributing Rs. 4000 from the earning of

the shop and Rs. 9000 from a cooperative. She sells buffalo milk and earns Rs. 50 to 60 daily.

My both children are attending in school – one in grade 10 and another in grade 6.

Case 4 Considerable earning from a tailoring occupation

Durga Pariyar, Thakurdwara-6, Bardiya, is from a very poor and Dalit family. She received grant of Rs.

12,000 from the project. Before receiving grants, she had one tailoring machine. With the grant money,

she bought one tailoring machine. Before, she only worked. Now, she and her son work.

Her family has now good earning. She receives 6 quintal paddy and 1.5 quintal wheat annually. In

addition to this, she earns Rs. 300 to Rs. 400 daily. She has been regularly saving money in a

cooperative and a bank. She saves Rs. 1,000 monthly in the cooperative and by now she has Rs. 8,000

deposit. In addition, she has also Rs. 6,000 saving in Karnali Development Bank.

She said that with the grant she received her family income has drastically changed. Before, there was

only one old tailoring machine which did not work well. Now, she has new tailoring machine from

which she can work fast.

She has one son and one daughter. Her daughter has been studying in Bachelor third year in a college.

Case 5 Tea shop

Mahana Hara Gurung is from Naubasta-6, Banke. She used the grants in goat raising and establishing a

tea shop. Two goats were bought in Rs. 5,500 and Rs. 6,000 was invested in the tea shop. Manhara

received grants but she unfortunately died six months ago and now her husband is looking after the

goats and the tea shop.

47

Man Bir has become a member of a cooperative and deposits Rs. 100 daily. By now, he has deposited

Rs. 6,000.

Case 6 Goat raising

Khageshowara Singh, 58, is from Naubasta-6, Banke. Her family was displaced from Dailekha some 10

years ago. There are four members in the family – her husband, one son, one daughter. Now, she and

her husband are living together. Her husband lost right hand due to conflict i.e. right hand was cut by

Maoist. Although her husband has no right hand, he has not been provided disabled person's allowance

by the Government. The family has no land and a small hut is built in the land of Surkhet road.

She received grants of Rs. 12,000 in August 2011. She bought one goat in Rs. 8,000; one he-goat in Rs.

5,000 and one baby goat in Rs. 3,000. The additional money she borrowed. The goats are of improved

quality. When enquired from the she-goat, now she has two baby goats. She has not sold goats yet but

if she sells them, she said that she would get more than Rs. 30,000 – thus within one-year, she has

doubled her income.

Khageshowara deposits Rs. 100 daily in a cooperative in the village and by now, she has deposited Rs.

10,000.

Case 7 Small shop

Ratna Kumari Shai, 36, is from Naubasta-7, Banke. Her family was displaced from Dailekha district due

to conflict some 8-10 years ago. Now, this family is residing in the bank of Surkhet road. Ratna has four

family members. Her husband is working as a laborer in India. She received grants of Rs. 12,000 from

the project.

With the grants, she opened a small grocery shop in August 2011. She sells of Rs. 500 to 600 daily. She

has now about Rs. 25,000 goods in the grocery shop – making it about Rs. 13,000 profit from the shop

within the last one-year. She has initiated saving money of Rs. 50 to Rs. 100 daily in a Cooperative in

the village for the last 6 months. She has also Rs. 1,000 in Bank of Kathmandu.

Case of Pitamari Village, Naubasta-2

This is a village of 20-30 households, settled by Dalits. All the houses are built by straw and thatched

and all houses are of single storey. There is only a single room in each house. There is no toilet facility

and drinking water facility; the houses are not also linked with the electricity lines.

All of the Dalit families displaced from Surkhet district during conflict period. They do not have land for

farming. Adult males go to India for labour while women are involved in goat-raising and some elderly

women are also involved in begging. Some children, especially girls, are ended in child labour in

Nepalgunj.

From this village, the JFPR project selected the most deprived families as project beneficiaries. The

project has contributed to enhance people's livelihood such as the cases of the following:

Case 8 Goat raising

Ratna Nepali, 42, Naubasta-2, Banke is from a Dalit family. Her husband disappeared during the conflict

period. Now, Ratna has five children. Ratna herself is physically disabled and cannot work. She

48

sometimes goes to the village for begging for her survival. She bought two goats in August 2011 from

the grants and she spent some money for her treatment. Now, there are four goats but she is afraid of

spreading the disease in goats and she demanded that anti-disease vaccination should be provided. She

said that she sold a he-goat in Rs. 3000 some three months ago.

Case 9 Goat raising

Sitala BK, 55, is from Naubasta-2, Banke and she is from a Dalit family. Now, this family has five family

members. Her husband has become old and cannot work. She was very much dissatisfied with the

Government action. She says, 'we do not care who is in the Government. Nobody cares us. For the last

two-years, my son has not received scholarship in school. We cannot afford for cloth, two meals'.

With the grants of Rs. 12,000, she bought four goats in Rs. 10,000 in August 2011. With these four

goats, now she has 7 goats and she had already sold a he-goat in Rs. 2,400.

She has been saving Rs. 25 monthly in a woman group in the village.

Case 10 Goat raising

Laxmi Nepali, 49, is from Naubasta-2, Banke. Laxmi family is very poor family: no land, no occupation.

She has 7 family members (husband-wife and five children). Her husband and first son are working as

laborers in India. Her last daughter has developed paralysis and cannot move. She herself has poor

hearing. Other two children are attending in a community school.

With the grants of Rs. 12,000, she bought three goats in Rs. 6,000 in September 2011 and she has given

Rs. 4,000 as loan in the village in the interest rate of 60% annually. Now, she has six goats (3 baby

goats). When enquired about the prices of the goats, she said that she could sell easily in Rs. 18,000 in

the prevailing market prices.

She has been saving Rs. 25 monthly in a woman group in the village. She told us that the grants helped

increase income. She is aware that Government provides scholarship for Dalit children in school. But,

she reported that school has not distributed scholarship for the last 2 years.

Case 11 Pig raising

Pabitra Budha, 27, is from Kureli VDC, Rolpa. Pabitra is from a very poor family. Her family consists of 6

members: her husband, herself, two sons, mother and father-in-laws. Her husband is working in India

as a laborer.

With the grants of Rs. 12,000 she received, she bought one pig in Rs. 6,000 and the remaining grant

was used for family expenditure. She bought the pig in December 2011. The pig gave 11 baby pigs. Of

which two died and she sold 9 baby pigs in Rs. 2000 each and earned Rs. 18,000.

Her both daughters are studying in a private school in the village. She also involved in social protection

training given by the project. She says, 'I am very happy that I could improve my income due to the

grants I received from the project'.

Survey instruments for Final Evaluation of Project STRENGTHENING DECENTRALIZED SUPPORT FOR VULNERABLE AND

CONFLICT AFFECTED FAMILIES JFPR 9110 NEP

Outline of Evaluation Study

1. Introduction – Project Context Project Objectives Methodology of the Final Evaluation

2. Results

Relevancy Activities and Achievement (outputs – number of beneficiaries for Components 3

and 4) Effectiveness Impact Equity Sustainability

3. Summary and Conclusions

INFORMANTS Component 3: Capacity Development

Post Graduates of Social Work (PGDSW) Training participants of TOT for mid-level district officials Participants of child rights sensitization training Participants of child care homes standards training

Content analysis

Civil society and community-based-organisation courses Advocay and information materials – print materials (calendars and brochures), public

service announcement and Radio program Component 4 Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)

District Project Steering Committee meeting - WDO, DCWB Partner NGOs VDC secretaries – VDC level consultative meeting (number), how did the project

beneficiaries were identified? Was that reasonable? How? Line agencies - District Veterinary Office, Agriculture Development Office, and Small

enterprise and Cottage Industry Office) Beneficiaries families Case studies of the successful story (may be found from partner NGOs)

Post Graduates of Social Work (PGDSW)

Number of interviews to be taken – 5 or 6 persons (including 2-3 females) Place of interview: Govt. Offices in Kathmandu Type of survey tools: Key Informant Interview Relevancy

To what extent did you find the relevancy of PGDSW? Give examples. Effectiveness

Did you bring the knowledge learnt in the PGDSW in official work? After the Course, did you get any opportunity to involve in formation of policies and programs related to social protection? Give example.

Impact In your opinion, what has contributed by your knowledge of PGDSW in changing the life

of conflict affected people and marginalized groups?

Training Participants of TOT for Mid-level District Officials Number of interviews to be taken – 10 or 12 persons (including 5-6 females) Place of interview: Govt. Offices in Kathmandu, and project districts Type of survey tools: Key Informant Interview Relevancy

Can you remember the training provided by ASI project and Women and Children Department related to conflict affected and vulnerable families? When?

To what extent did you find the relevancy of training for your work? Give examples. What actually you learnt in the TOT that you have no idea or little knowledge? Did you find the training of TOT competitive who can transmit knowledge easily? TOT

manual adequate? Well planned with adequate materials? Effectiveness

Did you find TOT courses as innovative and useful? How? Give example. After receiving TOT, what did you do to transform knowledge to the community people?

Number of training programs run at the local levels? Experiences from such training? How did you make practical use of the additional knowledge of TOT in your service

delivery? Have you made any suggestions for improvements in service delivery mechanism?

Impact What do you think that the project's contribution on brining changes in the life of the

conflict affected people in this area? Economic – increase in income, reducing food

insecurity, sending children to school, awareness level of community people on Government entitlements and % of people receiving Government entitlements after the project intervention. Give examples.

In your opinion, what are the weaknesses of the project implementation process? What

might have been done to efficiently deliver the services to the target groups?

VDC Secretaries Number of interviews to be taken – 5 or 6 persons Place of interview: Project VDCs Type of survey tools: Key Informant Interview Project Implementation Modality

Do you think that you have also participated in the project implementation process? in selection of project beneficiaries? Training to villagers? Birth registration process? Community infrastructure development project? Meeting and feedback to partner organizations etc? Give details of participation process.

Relevancy

How long did you take the training provided by the project? When? To what extent did you find the relevancy of training for your work? Give examples.

Effectiveness

Did you bring the knowledge learnt in the training in your official work? Give example. How many community infrastructure development projects were initiated in the VDCs?

To what extent these projects benefit for the conflict affected people? Impact

What do you think that the project's contribution on brining changes in the life of the conflict affected people in this area? Give examples.

Category How? Give example. Increasing family income Reducing food insecurity (food deficiency months)

Number of beneficiaries received training and skills

Awareness level of project beneficiaries on GoN entitlements

Sustainability

Do you think that after the phase-out of the project, can the project achievements be sustained? What are the organizational sustainability? Linkages? Resources? Market facilities developed? Motivation of people?

In your opinion, what are the weaknesses of the project implementation process? What might have been done to efficiently deliver the services to the target groups?

Partner NGOs (including WCDO and DCWB)

Number of interviews to be taken All NGOs partners Place of interview: Project districts Type of survey tools: Group Discussion (in each project district) and review of

official records Name of district………………………….….Name of VDC…………………… Number of beneficiaries (grants received) Categories Number of beneficiaries Families lost their livelihood as a direct impact of conflict Extremely poor families Socially very disadvantaged families/have no anyone to support them

Women as heath of the family due to due to death/disability of the male head

Families with children (minor) members only Caretaking responsibility

Target vs. Achievement (Activities and Outputs) Activities Target Achieved Remarks Number of beneficiaries disbursed grants for livelihood activities

Types of gainful employment activities in which grants disbursed

Number and types of community infrastructure created

Initiation of Market information system and effective buyer contracts or linkages

Number of beneficiaries received small scale or cottage industry training by potential buyers and employers

Number of producer organizations formed and mobilized

Number of conflict affected families aware on entitlements provided by the Government

Number of conflict affected families entitled to support have received entitlements provided by Government

Implementation Modality

How did you select the project beneficiaries for grants? How did you select the project beneficiaries for business and skill development training? How did you organize the project beneficiaries? Or did you approach house-to-house? How many field workers mobilize? Role and responsibility of the field workers? Full

time or part-time job of the field worker? Reporting system – time, where? and feedback system Do you think that implementation modality of project can be replicated in other areas of

the same nature of the project? How? Relevancy of the Project

To what extent did you find the relevancy of project for the conflict affected people? Give examples.

Has the project tallied with the needs of the conflict affected people? Efficiency

Whether the project implemented according to schedule? Where implemented on time? Where could not be implemented? Reasons for it?

What was the composition of project staff? Have the project staff/field workers met quality requirement in service delivery? Training? Experiences? Dedication?

Did you find the IEC materials on time? Distribution of IEC materials? Whether timely and accurate reporting system? Give details. Monitoring and supervision mechanism from the ASI and Government – whether the

feedback from the mid-term evaluation fed to the second year project cycle? In your opinion, what are the weaknesses of the project implementation process? What

might have been done to efficiently deliver the services to the target groups? Effectiveness

Do you think that the objective of the project to increase family income by 10% annually has been met from the project? If yes, how? If no, reasons for it? Give example.

What were the coordination and networking mechanism to implement the project with the VDC, Govt line agencies and others? What do you think that such coordination contributed to achieve the objective of the project?

Do you think that project has contributed to increase awareness of Government's entitlements among the conflict affected and vulnerable families and people looking for such entitlements? If so, how? Give example.

What do you think about the system of receiving grants through bank? Was it appropriate? Easy? Reliable? Were any barriers in receiving grants on time by the project beneficiaries?

How many community infrastructure development projects were initiated in the VDCs? To what extent these projects benefit for the conflict affected people? Give examples.

Description about community infrastructure Type of construction of project Criteria of selection of project Advantaged for the target population Directly conflict affected families Other economically and socially disadvantaged social groups

Impact

What do you think that the project's contribution on brining changes in the life of the conflict affected people in this area? Give examples.

Category How? Give example. Increasing family income Reducing food insecurity (food deficiency months)

Number of beneficiaries received training and skills

Awareness level of project beneficiaries on GoN entitlements

Sustainability

Do you think that after the phase-out of the project, can the project achievements be sustained? What are the organizational sustainability? Linkages? Resources? Market facilities developed? Motivation of people?

Survey of Beneficiary Families

Number of interviews to be taken 930 beneficiary families Place of interview: Project districts and VDCs Type of survey tools: Semi-structured interview Key issues to be covered

Food insecurity in target locations increased to 6 months within 2 years of initial grants Family income increased by 10% in first year after receiving assistance, and a further

10% in the following year Grants for livelihood activities disbursed have been successfully utilized for gainful

employment activities Community infrastructure as identified by the community is created in each VDC Market information system and effective buyer contracts or linkages are executed For small scale and cottage industry training and skill up-gradation done by potential

buyers and employers in most cases Formation producer organizations Awareness level on entitlements provided by Government Received of entitlements provided by Government

Indicators used in Baseline survey and to be used Endline Survey SN Indicators Baseline Endline Remarks I Demographic indicators Place of residence - district, VCD, ward number and tole √ √ Sex of head of household √ √ Caste/ethnic group √ √ Family size √ √ Composition of family (child, adult and aged) √ √ Types of beneficiaries – directly conflict affected or socially and economically

disadvantaged social group √ √

II Economic Indicators Household assets – landholding, livestock and other assets like Radio, TV, agricultural

inputs √ √

Food security status from own production (land, livestock, business) around the year √ √ Retrospective Q Number of persons employed by occupation according to age and gender √ √ Number of persons with training and skills for livelihood options √ √ Main sources of household income √ √ Total annual household income (production, labour/service, business/trade, remittance,

pension, social security schemes, interest, rental fee etc) X √ Retrospective Q

III Changes in Livelihood Patters Amount received for grants X √ Types of economic activities in which grant invested X √ Amount earned from the grant invested in the first year of the project X √ Amount earned from the grant invested in the second year of the project X √ Linkage with market information and networks system X √ Training received in cottage and small scale industry X √ Formation of producer organization among conflict affected families, respondents

involvement status in the organization X √

IV Knowledge and Benefits of Community Infrastructure Developed Knowledge about the community infrastructure created by the project X √ Types of infrastructure created X √ Participation of informant in community infrastructure project (as a laborer, member of

user group, and others) X √

Perceived and/or realized benefits from the community infrastructure created X √ V Social Indicators

Female and male adult literacy rates √ √ Number of school age children (5-14 years) going/not going to school by gender √ √ Number of school age children receiving Govt. scholarship by age and gender √ √ Reasons for not going school/drop-out √ √ Number of school age children by gender in child labor outside of the household √ √ Birth registration status (under 5-years of children) X √ Retrospective Q Practice of monthly saving X √ Retrospective Q Availability of citizenship certificate X √ Retrospective Q Bank account X √ Retrospective Q Perception on bank account system – useful or not? X √ VI Awareness on Rights Sources of Support and Government Entitlements Number of family members by age and gender involved in social organizations – poverty

alleviation program, women’s empowerment program √ √

Number of family members involved in school/health post/forest/irrigation management/user committees in the community/VDC

√ √

Knowledge and access to government social security schemes like senior citizen allowance, Dalit, endangered Janjati, single women (60 years and above) allowance, and conflict affected families.

√ √

Received of Govt social security schemes √ √

Annex- 14

PHOTO GALLERY OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Project Beneficiaries and their IGAs

FINAL REPORT - Asian Development Bank

Documents

Transcript of FINAL REPORT - Asian Development Bank