Strengthening Decentralised Support for
Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected Families
and Children
JFPR 9110 NEP
Project No.: 40115-015
FINAL REPORT
July 2012
1
ABBREVIATIONS 3
1. GENERAL INFORMATION 4
1.1 Project Basic Data 4
1.2 Document 4
1.3 Project Area and Location 4
1.4 Project Objectives, Outcome and Outputs 5
1.5 Project Components 5
1.6 Estimated Cost and Financing Plan 6
2. BACKGROUND 7
2.1 Inception Report 7
2.2 ADB Review and Consultation Missions 7
2.3 Project Steering Committee (PSC) Meetings 8
2.4 Technical Working Group (TWG) 9
2.5 Project Milestone Targets 9
2.6 Project Implementation Manual (PIM) and Grant Implementation Manual (GIM) 9
3. COMPONENT-WISE PROGRESS REPORT 10
3.1 Component 1: In-Depth Assessment 10
3.2 Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standards 10
3.3 Component 3: Capacity Building 10
3.3.1 Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work (PGDSW) 11
3.3.2 Training of Trainers (TOT) for Mid-Level District Officials 12
3.3.3 District Level TOT on Social Protection 12
3.3.4 Civil Society and CBO Courses 14
3.3.5 Advocacy and Information Materials 17
a. Wall Calendar 17
b. Radio Programmes 18
3.4 Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment) 18
3.4.1 High-Level Orientation 19
3.4.2 District Project Steering Committee (DPSC) Meetings 19
3.4.3 Selection of Facilitating NGO Partners 20
3.4.4 District-Level Orientation on Project Implementation Mechanism 21
3.4.5 VDC-Level Consultative Meeting 21
3.4.5.1 Achham District 22
3.4.5.2 Banke District 22
3.4.5.3 Bardiya District 23
3.4.5.4 Rolpa District 23
3.4.5.5 Rukum District 24
3.4.6 Identification of Beneficiary Families through Participatory Approach 24
3.4.7 Skill Enhancement and Business Development Training 25
3.4.8 Cash Grant to Beneficiary Families 26
2
3.4.8.1 Income Generating Activities (IGA) of Beneficiary Families 26
3.4.9 Value Chain Activities 27
3.5.9.1. Research and consultation 27
3.4. 10 Income Generation- Fertilizer, Seeds, etc Grant 28
3.4.11 Grant for Artisans – Working Capitals, Tools, and Training 28
3.4.12 Cash Grant to Families with Disabled Members 28
3.4.13 Community Infrastructure Fund in Social Sector 29
3.4.14 On-the-Spot Technical Backstopping and Material Support 30
3.4.15 Need-Based Priority Interventions 30
3.4.16 Meetings with Facilitating NGO Partners 30
3.5 Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration 30
3.5.1 Baseline Survey 31
3.5.2 Project Progress Reports 32
3.5.3 Mid-Term Evaluation 32
3.5.4 Final Evaluation 34
4. FINANCIAL REPORT 35
4.1 Status of Project Expense disbursed through ASI 35
4.2 Status of Project Expense disbursed through DWC 36
5. CONCLUSION 37
5.1 Project - At a Glance 38
3
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB - Asian ADB Development Bank
A&I - Advocacy and Information
ASI - Adam Smith International
CBO - Community Based Organization
CDO - Chief District Officer
DCWB - District Child Welfare Board
DDC - District Development Committee
DG - Director General
DGCRMCC - District Gender and Child Rights Mainstreaming Coordination Committee
DPSC - District Project Steering Committee
DWC - Department of Women and Children
EA - Executing Agency
GIM - Grant Implementation Manual
IA - Implementing Agency
IDP - Internally Displaced People
IGA - Income Generating Activity
ILO - International Labour Organization
JFPR - Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction
LDO - Local Development Officer
M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation
MOWCSW - Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare
NGO - Non-Governmental Organization
NGOCC - Non-Governmental Organization Coordination Committee
NRM - Nepal Resident Mission
PGDSW - Post Graduate Diploma in Social Work
PIU - Project Implementation Unit
PMO - Project Management Office
PSA - Public Service Announcements
PSC - Project Steering Committee
SC - Steering Committee
SP - Service Partner
TOT - Training of Trainers
UNHCR - United Nations High Commission for Refugees
UNICEF - United Nations Children’s Fund
VDC - Village Development Committee
WCO - Women and Children Office/ Officer
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year of the Government of Nepal ends on 15 July.
(ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.
4
1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Project Basics
Project Acronym JFPR 9110 NEP
Project Number 40115-015
Project Title Strengthening Decentralised Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected
Families and Children
Financed by Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction through Asian Development Bank
Grant Recipient Government of Nepal
Grant Number JFPR 9110 NEP
Grant Period 10 February 2008 15 July 2012
Project Executive Agency Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare
Implementing Agency Department of Women and Children (DWC), Lalitpur
Project Director Keshav Prasad Regmi, DG, DWC
Project Manager Shanta Bhattarai, Under Secretary, DWC
Consultant Adam Smith International (ASI), London
Team Leader Sudeep Bahadur Singh, ASI
ADB Task Manager Gi Soon Song, Social Sector Specialist, ADB Manila
1.2 Document
Document Title Final Report
Reporting Period 10 February 2008 to 15 July 2012
Author(s) & project role Sudeep Bahadur Singh - Team Leader, Shanta Bhattarai - Project Manager,
Bipa Shrestha Tuladhar - Project Officer
1.3 Project Area and Location
The Project covers approximately 4,000 households residing in the following 5 districts1, spread across
31 village development committees (VDCs):2
Achham: Baradadevi, Bhatakatiya, Dhakari, Dhaku, Kalagaun, Kuika
Banke: Baijapur, Bethahani, Binauna, Gangapur, Mahadevpuri, Naubasta, Phattepur
Bardiya: Badalpur, Dhadhawar, Mohamadpur, Motipur, Patabhar, Thakurdwara
Rolpa: Gam, Jelwang, Kureli, Mirul, Thabang, Uwa
Rukum: Chunbang, Hukum, Khara, Mahat, Pipal, Ranmamaikot
1 Based on the seriousness of the conflict and its aftermath, the Project Steering Committee selected these five
target districts. 2 The criteria for selection of VDCs was based around selection of villages with higher densities of conflict affected
families and the level of poverty based on Disadvantaged Groups (DAG) ranking provided by UNICEF and the
Ministry of Local Development. A VDC comprises up to 9 wards. A ward comprises about 4 settlements. A
settlement comprises 25–50 households. Average household size is 5.27 persons. An average VDC would have a
population of about 8000-10000.
5
1.4 Project Objectives, Outcome and Outputs
The objective of the Project is to strengthen the legal framework and capacity for decentralized service
delivery and to pilot an effective child and family protection and support system in five conflict-affected
districts of Nepal, with special focus on quality, participation, and sustainability.
The project's outcome is the improved situation of conflict-affected and vulnerable families and children
in a sustainable manner with major outputs as follows:
i. 4,000 conflict-affected and vulnerable families and their children receive support to develop
their capacity to generate sufficient income to be lifted out of hard-core poverty.
ii. The capacity to develop, plan, and deliver social welfare services is improved with the training of
100 professionals.
iii. The Government is supported in its attempts to improve the quality of social services for the
poor through elaboration of legal regulations on quality standards and licensing.
iv. The Government and other available basic services like education and health care have been
assessed and show improved availability, accessibility, and relevance to people’s lives, which are
measurable through the increased number of recipients.
v. The Government finds the Project worth supporting for scaling up, and indicates this through
approval of continued financial support after the project ends.
1.5 Project Components
The Project comprises five major components:
(1) Component 1: In-depth Assessment
6
(2) Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standard
(3) Component 3: Capacity Development
(4) Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)
(5) Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration
1.6 Estimated Cost and Financing Plan
Table 1-1: Cost Estimates ($ millions)
Item Amount ($)
Base Cost
Component 1: In-Depth Assessment 62,000
Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standards 84,000
Component 3: Capacity Development 135,000
Component 4: Piloting Quality Services 1,446,700a
Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management, and Administration 412,500b
Incremental Costs 100,000
Other Financing* 500,000 c
Contingencies (7.5%) 150,000
Total 2,890,200
a $1,306,500 is borne out of the JFPR grant, while $110,200 from the Government and $30,000
equivalent is from community's in-kind contribution. b $262,500 is borne out of the JFPR grant, and $150,000 from the Government. c $300,000 IT grant funded by the Government of Korea and $200,000 in kind from UNICEF.
Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.
* Though initially envisaged, this support has been called off so the amount has been removed from the
Project Budget.
Table 1-2: Financing Plan ($ millions)
Funding Source Amount ($)
ADB from JFPR Grant 2,000,000
ADB from JFPR Administrative Budget (Incremental Costs) 100,000
Government 260,200
Community (in-kind) 30,000
Total 2,390,200
Source: Grant Implementation Manual, July 2010
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2. BACKGROUND
The design phase of the project was started in 2008, and the actual implementation of the project
started in 2010 with a considerable lag. After the Project Steering Committee (PSC) approval of the
Grant Implementation Manual (GIM) in August 2010 the project implementation gathered speed. It is
credible that despite time constraints and other attendant structural issues, the project was has
successfully implemented most of the activities originally envisaged in GIM. The subsequent sections will
elaborate upon the same:
2.1 Inception Report
An inception report was produced and submitted to ADB review mission on August 2008. The inception
report consists of three volumes. Volume I focused on the diagnostic analysis of circumstances and
opportunities within the target districts, and proceeds from these to the proposed project design and
implementation planning. Volume 2 included background information on the wider development
environment in Nepal, some commentaries from local consultants and appendices. Volume 3
constituted the legal inputs from the international lawyer.
2.2 ADB Review and Consultation Missions
ADB has closely monitored the project and through its review missions provided course correction and
its contribution in facilitating project implementation is acknowledged. Following are the missions which
ADB has undertaken till date:
Date Missions Outcomes
28 Jul. – 7 Aug. 2008 Inception Mission Programmes and activities were approved as per the Inception
Report submitted by ASI.
23 – 31 Mar. 2009 Review Mission GAR discussed.
PMO finalised.
Imprest account finalised.
6 – 12 Dec. 2009 Review Mission PIM presented and discussed.
Post Graduate course and Value chain discussed.
23 – 26 Feb. 2010 Consultation
Mission
ASI to sign contract with St. Xavier's College for PGDSW course and
DWC to select participants.
Commitment from DWC assured.
DWC agreed to carry out value chain activities.
Milestone target.
7 – 19 Jun. 2010 Review Mission Cancellation of component 2.
8 – 17 Nov. 2010
Review Mission Reallocation of remaining fund of Component 2 to other
components.
17- 21 Oct. 2011 Review Mission Extension of Project period by two months till 15 Jul. 2012.
Cancellation of second batch for PGDSW.
Gave directives to prepare guidelines for Community
Infrastructure activities.
Work on reallocation of budget from cancelled Component 2 and
remaining of Component 3
Revised budget on proposed changes in activities and utilization of
Contingency Fund
8
2.3 Project Steering Committee (PSC) Meetings
Altogether ten PSC meetings were held during project period (see Annex 1 for list of PSC members).
These meetings were held to review progress, provide policy guidelines and approve work plans for
effective implementation of the project as follows:
SN Date Main Agenda Outcomes
1 24 Jun. 2008 Identifying the target districts Five districts - Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum-
were identified.
2 25 May 2009 Project Secretariat location
Project Implementation Units (PIU)
Project Secretariat was shifted from MOWCSW to DWC.
WCO itself was recognised as PIU at the target districts.
3 7 Jul. 2009 Work plan
NGO involvement
Component 2
Work plan endorsed.
NGOs to be mobilised at district level.
Revision of Component 2 under the discretion of
MOWCSW, CCWB, UNICEF and DWD.
4 17 Feb. 2010 Project Implementation Manual
(PIM)
Fiscal Budget of DWC
PGDSW course
PIM was endorsed.
Budget endorsed.
Participants for the course to be selected from the
government agencies.
5 13 Apr. 2010 PGDSW course Number of participants, selection process and criteria for
participants finalised.
6 3 Aug. 2010 Equivalency of PGDSW course
Cancellation of Component 2
Curriculum of PGDSW to be forwarded to the Ministry of
Education for approval and equivalency.
Process to be initiated and ADB to be requested for
reallocation of the remaining budget under component 2.
7 17 Aug.
2010 Endorsement of Grant
Implementation Manual (GIM)
GIM to replace PIM.
8 9 Jun. 2011 PGDSW course Priority to be given for acquiring equivalency of the
course.
Process to be initiated for selection of new batch and to
start the course.
9 29 Dec. 2011 Endorsement of :
— Activity budget and
Implementation Guideline
for 2068/69 (2011/12)
under Component 4
— Community Infrastructure
Development
Procurement Guideline
— Remaining activities under
Component 3
Proposed documents were endorsed.
Initial proposal of grant support to artisan families to be
cancelled.
Value chain of beneficiary families running business
activities to be increased through refresher training on
skill and business.
District level trainings on social protection and child
protection to be conducted in an integrated manner.
As no participation from GON ministries were sought for
second batch of PGD in Social Work, it is cancelled.
10 11 Jul. 2012 Endorsement of:
- Final Report
- Final Evaluation Report
Both reports were endorsed after incorporation of
comments.
Six months duration to be requested from ADB to sort out
expenses under Component 4 and submit final audited
report.
9
To support entrepreneurship of target beneficiaries in
future, DWC to extend support through its regular
program where possible and continue efforts for
coordination and support through district-based service
providers.
2.4 Technical Working Group (TWG)
A Technical Working Group (TWG) comprising representatives from UNICEF, ILO, UNHCR, Save the
Children, Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB), DWC and ADB was envisaged as a loose informal group to
serve as a critical partner in reviewing the outputs, give advice on optimizing the results, and support
project in specific areas. The members of TWG were approached several times in context of inputs for
advocacy and information materials on social protection issues. Similarly, they were invited for inputs to
the value chain workshop organized at DWC. Their inputs were also sought during final project
evaluation workshop.
2.5 Project Milestone Targets
The project milestone targets were produced delineating milestone activities, budget and timeframe.
The set milestone shows project activities and tentative time for the work to be accomplished within the
project period. The milestone targets were approved for implementation by ADB and by the 3rd PSC
meeting but due to delay in the project execution and at the same time change of key authorities in all
respective concerned agencies, the set targets were revised.
2.6 Project Implementation Manual (PIM) and Grant Implementation Manual (GIM)
Project Implementation Manual (PIM) was produced in consultation with DWC. Major project activities,
working modality and work plan were endorsed by the 4th PSC meeting. The PIM was also produced in
Nepali to ensure stakeholders understand the concept and working modality, including all the necessary
details for project implementation at the local level.
Consequently, based on PIM, a Grant Implementation Manual (GIM) was also produced to help clarify
the details of implementation arrangements and fund flow between DWC and ASI. GIM included a
summary of costs, detailed cost estimates and incorporated necessary fundamental information from
the Grant Assistance Report (GAR).
The PSC endorsed GIM to replace PIM on 17 Aug. 2010. The GIM is the guiding document of the project
and outlines the following:
� provides concise and accurate details of grant implementation
� includes maps, charts and diagrams to illustrate the major activities
� specifies roles and responsibilities of Executing Agency, Implementing Agency and Consultants
� contains a logical framework with goal, purpose, indicators and output, target and key
assumptions, incorporating revision and changes
� promotes systematic monitoring and evaluation of grant implementation
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3. COMPONENT-WISE PROGRESS REPORT
3.1 Component 1: In-Depth Assessment
This study was meant to refine the project design based on more detailed assessment of the needs and
the local context to increase the effectiveness of the project. The study was completed in July 2008, and
three volumes of the inception report were produced as an output (see Annex 2 for executive summary
of the Inception Report).
3.2 Component 2: Legal Support for Better Service Standards
This component envisaged improving the legal situation of, and services for, vulnerable children such as
orphans and children separated from their families. The PSC agreed to cancel Component 2 on 15 Aug.
2010 as the above activities fell beyond the IA’s mandate and that other government agencies had
already undertaken majority of the activities. Consequently, ADB approved its cancellation on 3 Sept.
20103 and agreed for budget reallocation of cancelled Component during Review Mission 17- 21 Oct.
2011.
3.3 Component 3: Capacity Building
Sustainable improvements in livelihoods and the way out of poverty depends not just on small scale
grant finance or microfinance for beneficiary groups as has been done in the past through various
government programs, but more critically on the increased safety nets against certain catastrophic
livelihood destructing events and also enhancing skill level amongst individual households in sustainable
livelihood generation. The capacity development component supported this intent.
Implementation of this component envisaged a two pronged strategy: (i) Capacity development of
government agencies which are mandated to build social protection measures within the community (ii)
Skill development training to beneficiaries relevant to the asset they had created through project grant.
Capacity development initiatives were envisaged to provide high-level national policy advice and sector
monitoring expertise across a range of social protection system and thus one year Post-Graduate
Diploma in Social Work was conducted for 30 government officials. Similarly to complement this effort,
mid-level training of trainers (TOT) on social protection was held for 22 district-based officials. Similarly,
five district-level TOTs, covering issues from social protection to child protection, was provided to 153
district-level support providers. To increase awareness of support mechanisms and entitlements at
grass-roots level, 31 Civil Society and CBO Trainings were conducted to 1611 village level functionaries
providing awareness amongst groups that may be entitled to such support.
For the beneficiaries level skill development training was organized through field level NGOs active in
the project area and who had the wherewithal in terms of skill in imparting such training.
All these capacity building initiatives were complemented by development of Advocacy and Information
materials. This included publication and distribution of 6100 wall calendars, weekly radio programs for
3 As per Aide Memoire of JFPR 9110 NEP Project Review, 8-17 November, 2010
11
six months in six FM stations and airing of radio jingles at least 10 times a day across these FM stations
for six months.
3.3.1 Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work (PGDSW)
This course was aimed at increasing the level of professionalism within the social services sector as a
whole, to make them sensitive to the depth and magnitude of the challenges of developing policy, and
to advocate proactive and preventive measures for the needy.
ASI signed a contract with St. Xavier's College (SXC) to institute a one-year PGDSW for two full academic
years, the first of its kind in Nepal. The course was designed to give senior and middle level managers
the requisite knowledge and skills to provide policy advice and sector monitoring expertise across a
range of social welfare disciplines. The course enabled students to acquire necessary knowledge on
methods and skills of social work. The course’s major subjects were - Sociology, Social Psychology,
Philosophy, Dynamics of Social Development, Human Rights and Law, People & Program Management,
Conflict Resolution and practical experience in scientific social research (see Annex 3a for course
curricula).
30 GoN employees, most of them Section Officers, were nominated by their respective ministries and
government agencies to attend the course (see Annex 3b for list of ministries that sent their nominees).
The course started from 5 July 2010. 28 out of 30 graduated with a diploma in July 2011.
As the course was not formally accredited by a university, the diploma was not recognized as an
academic degree and thus carried lesser value to the participating civil servants who could not use the
degree for their promotion. Therefore, government agencies were reluctant to commit their staff time
for the 1 year course. Despite many efforts to get formal affiliation with Tribhuvan University and other
alternatives, the process seemed lengthy and course completion period could extend beyond project
duration. Therefore, it was recommended by ADB Mission 17-21 October to cancel the second batch of
the course, which was later endorsed through the decision of 9th PSC meeting.
On the contrary, an informal and preliminary survey of the usefulness of the course by the first batch
participants suggested that the students found the course relevant and helpful. For example,
Manamaya Pangeni, a section officer from DWC claimed that the course broadened her knowledge and
enhanced her capability to understand social protection issues. Similarly, Srijana Gyawali, a non-gazetted
officer from Ministry of Health has reported that she is using the skills she learnt in her public outreach
works.
During 8th PSC meeting, Deputy Director of Education Department Rajya Laxmi Nakarmi, a
representative from the Ministry of Education, shared her views regarding the changes she found in
Kamala Gyawali, her junior at the office and a student of PGDSW. Ms. Nakarmi indicated that she had
observed a dramatic improvement in Ms. Kamala's work performance.
It is felt that the project bridged a critical gap regarding availability of good quality training for
government officials involved in social protection activities, and it would be a good idea if this is
formalized both through relevant accreditation and continued funding from domestic sources.
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3.3.2 Training of Trainers (TOT) for Mid-Level District Officials
To disseminate a wider knowledge of social welfare models, child rights and citizen entitlements at
district and VDC levels, the seven-day Training of Trainers (TOT) on Social Protection for Mid Level
District Officials was organized from 15 to 21st Aug. 2011, attended by 22 government officials from five
target districts (Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum) of the Mid and Far Western Regions of
Nepal. The participants represented Women and Children Office (WCO), District Child Welfare Board
(DCWB), District Development Committee (DDC), Office of the District Court and District Police Office of
their respective districts. Out of 22 participants, eight were women officers actively working in the social
welfare delivery system in their respective districts. It was expected that after completion of the training
Women Development Officers (WDO) of five districts would take up role as coordinators for District
Level TOT programs.
Initially, the total training days were 10, but after discussion in the PSC meeting the days were agreed to
be reduced from 10 to 7 as it was difficult for key district officials to leave their duty station for long
stretches. In addition, ADB approved for increase in number of participants from 15 to 25 to strengthen
human resource to conduct District Level TOT as the participants themselves were the resource persons
for district level TOT programmes.
The TOT was designed and delivered, by the team of five resource persons from the School of Social
Work at the Kadambari College in consultation with ASI. The training concentrated on providing to the
participants an insight into the basic social protection concepts and TOT Skills to deliver similar training
for VDC Secretaries, functionaries of NGO, multipurpose health workers and other representatives of
local police, judiciary and civil society at their respective districts. The program was conducted at the
Agricultural Development Bank Training hall in Nepalgunj.
In addition to in house trainers, Under Secretary of Department of Women and Children, Director of
Agriculture Development Bank, Banke; Chief of Child Protection Section, UNICEF Banke; Official from
Terre des Hommes-Nepalgunj; and an official from District Development Committee, Banke served as
resource person for the training program.
As per the post-training assessment of the participants, the training proved to be an excellent
opportunity to understand various aspects of Social Protection (Elder citizens, Women, Children,
Indigenous, Mental health and disability etc.) and TOT skills. Leadership, business Models, Poverty
Mapping, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), Problem Definition, Project Cycle Management and Counseling
skills are some of the sessions rated very useful by the Participants (see Annex 4 for Mid Level TOT
evaluation by participants). At the end of the training, manual in Nepali language on TOT was distributed
to the participants so as to make it easier for the participants to conduct training at district level.
3.3.3 District Level TOT on Social Protection
To build on the information, knowledge and skills provided to lead trainers during Mid Level TOT, a 6-
day District Level Training on Social Protection issues were held successfully in all the five target districts
as one of the priority activity under this Component, from 3 to 13 January 2012.
13
In GIM, three separate trainings have been suggested at District Level: i. District Level TOT, ii. Child
Rights Sensitization and iii. Child Care Homes Standards. After careful review, it was observed that the
three could be merged and thereby increases synergy, reduce duplicity and provide increased budgets
to do one comprehensive TOT at district level:
Hence, with prior approval from ADB, all three trainings were merged and one-time training were
conducted in each districts by increasing training days, number of sessions and adding specialized
sessions for child rights and child care homes standards (see Annex 5 for District Level TOT session plan).
Initially, training on Child Care Homes Standards was planned for three districts only. The merger helped
enhance knowledge in the remaining two districts also.
Following objectives were set forth to be achieved through the training:
1. To create a district level group of leaders who could provide wider in-depth knowledge of social
welfare guidelines that underpin policy development and key success factors in social welfare service
delivery; and who can provide training on these issues at local levels
2. To increase awareness on child rights and the risks of child abuse or exploitation; and to form a
pressure group to start raising awareness on this
3. To create a peer pressure group for addressing issues on child care homes standards
The participants of Mid Level TOT conducted the TOT sessions. Of the 6 days of training, one full training
day was conducted on various issues of child protection and child care home standards by Child
Protection Specialist, Mr. Madhav Pradhan in all five districts. Power point presentation, group
discussion, interaction, role play and field visit methods were used to enhance knowledge of the
participants on different social protection issues of Nepal.
A total of 153 participants (89 male and 64 female), which compiles to 100% participation from 31 target
VDCs of 5 project districts, attended the TOT course. Representation from Village Development
Committees (VDC), functionaries of NGOs, CBOs, social mobilisers and multipurpose health workers
were sought from the target VDCs. Similarly, representation of district level Peace Committees/Civil
Societies, Child Clubs, Women Police Cell, Judiciary, Journalists from local FM and Project
Implementation Units of Women and Children Offices were requested for the training. Details of the
number of participants date and venue is given in the following table 3.1:
Table 3.1 Details of District Level TOT on Social Protection
S.N. District (Venue) Date Number of Participants
Expected Attended M F
1 Achham (Mangalsen) 6-12 Jan. 2012 30 30 14 16
2. Banke (Nepalgunj) 3-8 Jan. 2012 33 33 19 14
3. Bardiya (Gulariya) 3-8 Jan. 2012 30 30 19 11
4. Rolpa (Liwang) 3-8 Jan. 2012 30 30 19 11
5. Rukum (Khalanga) 8-13 Jan. 2012 30 30 18 12
TOTAL 153 153 89 64
Major topics covered by the training were:
• Concepts on social protection with special emphasis to women, senior citizens, disabled,
conflict-affected and other marginalized and vulnerable groups
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• Introduction to child rights conventions and national scenario, child and human psychology with
reference to behavioral changes of children subject to abuse
• National standards and practices of Child Care Homes, child abuse, crimes against children, and
crimes by children
• Counseling services for victims
• Local referral mechanism and support agencies, roles and responsibilities to protect and prevent
rights violation by families, community, schools, social mobilisers and local authorities
• Problem solving techniques on different issues affecting community
• Community based research methodology and its use in community level
• Communication skill, community mediation, formation of peer pressure group with
development of action plan and facilitation skills
• Project monitoring and evaluation techniques and its use at local context
• Right to information
Teams in two groups were mobilized from the Project Management Office (PMO), Kathmandu. The team
reached all five training venues for observation and monitoring of the TOT. It was observed that in
addition to the knowledge gained through Mid Level TOT, the trainers used their own experience to
enhance the training. Participation from various line agencies helped foster greater interaction and
information sharing among the participants. Active participation was observed from the participants
during the sessions and good coordination by Women Development Officers.
Observation made by Child Protection Expert
Various issues related to children in family, communities and child care centers were discussed in their
rights and protection in the training program. The discussion and interaction among the participants
helped to explore ideas and experiences of child right, protection, development, participation and their
challenges and opportunities in the communities. Issues like state social policy on child rights, child
protection policy, alternative cares, code of conducts for social workers, family reintegration, etc. were
mainly focused in the program. As a whole, the program provided platform for the participants to know
and learn about present scenario of child care and protection and how to work together for the
betterment of children and children at risk. This visit and training program also remained remarkable to
strengthen relationship with various stakeholders.
3.3.4 Civil Society and CBO Courses
To create widespread awareness at local levels of social welfare support systems, the next phase of
capacity building initiatives on Civil Society and CBO Trainings was initiated. This step was targeted to
disseminate knowledge on social protection system at the local level and access to social services at the
grass roots level through 2-day trainings held at each of the 31 target VDCs. After the training, it was
expected that the participants would generate widespread awareness on social protection services at
local level and information on how to access such services, issues on child rights, child justice, raising
standards on child care homes, women’s rights and rights of marginalized communities. Participation
was requested from Village level functionaries, representatives of NGOs and CBOs, health workers,
school management committee, mother’s group, youth group, child club, political parties and local
authorities, peace committee, police and judiciary functionaries.
15
31 trainings were held within 16 February to 6 Apr. 2012, including 6 in Achham, 7 in Banke, 6 in
Bardiya, 6 in Rolpa and 6 in Rukum district. More than 100% participation was reported and observed in
each of these trainings. Of the 1550 participants expected initially, a total of 1568 VDC- level participants
(770 female and 798 male) gained knowledge on various social protection measures taken by the
Government and service delivery mechanism at the local level (see Annex 6 for session plan). Of the
total participants, 180 came from Dalit families and 636 belonged to indigenous nationalities. See tables
3.2-3.6 for details:
Table 3.2 Achham District
SN VDC Date Participants
Expected Attended Female Male
1.1 Kala Gaon 21 - 22 Feb. 50 50 24 26
1.2 Dhaku 26 - 27 Feb. 50 50 14 36
1.3 Dhakari 28 - 29 Feb. 50 50 18 32
1.4 Bhatakatia 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 29 21
1.5 Barda Devi 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 13 37
1.6 Kuinka 24- 25 Feb. 50 50 20 30
TOTAL 300 300 118 182
Table 3.3 Banke District
SN VDC Date Participants
Expected Attended Female Male
2.1 Betahani 23-24 Mar. 50 50 21 29
2.2 Naubasta 17-18 Mar. 50 50 20 30
2.3 Baijapur 21-22 Mar. 50 50 22 28
2.4 Gangapur 25-26 Mar. 50 50 21 29
2.5 Binauna 19-20 Mar. 50 50 32 18
2.6 Mahadevpuri 27-28 Mar. 50 50 14 36
2.7 Fattepur 29-30 Mar. 50 50 32 18
TOTAL 350 350 162 188
Table 3.4 Bardiya District
SN VDC Date Participants
Expected Attended Female Male
3.1 Mohammadpur 16 – 17 Mar. 50 53 49 4
3.2 Thakurdwara 22– 23 Mar. 50 53 36 17
3.3 Dhadwar 25 – 26 Mar. 50 53 30 23
3.4 Motipur 19 – 20 Mar. 50 53 32 21
3.5 Badalpur 28 – 29 Mar. 50 53 30 23
3.6 Patabhar 1-2 April 50 53 30 23
TOTAL 300 318 207 111
Table 3.5 Rolpa District
SN VDC Date Participants
Expected Attended Female Male
4.1 Thabang 26-27 Mar. 50 50 20 30
4.2 Jailbang 26 – 27 Mar. 50 50 19 31
4.4 Kureli 16 – 17 Mar. 50 50 24 26
16
4.6 Mirul 21-22 Mar. 50 50 19 31
4.5 Gam 2-3 Apr. 50 50 9 41
4.3 Uwa 1-2 Apr. 50 50 24 26
TOTAL 300 300 115 185
Table 3.6 Rukum District
SN VDC Date Participants
Expected Attended Female Male
5.2 Khara 21- 22 Feb. 50 50 34 16
5.3 Mahat 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 27 23
5.5 Chunbang 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 17 33
5.6 Pipal 19 - 20 Feb. 50 50 32 18
5.1 Hukam 3-4 Apr. 50 50 29 21
5.4 Ranma Maikot 5-6 Apr. 50 50 29 21
TOTAL 300 300 168 132
The trainings were conducted by the participants of the district level training with coordination from
Women and Children Offices of respective districts. Presence of VDC Officials during these trainings
enhanced significance of the training. Each training day was divided into three sessions. Following major
issue were included in the training curriculum:
• Social security Policy and strategies of Nepal
• Special provisions by the Government of Nepal under the social security for vulnerable
community, especially women, children, disabled, senior citizens, marginalized and conflict-
affected
• Referral mechanism for access of such services
• Community based research methodology and its use at local level
• Counselling services and contact centres for victims of various discrimination
• Focus group discussion method and use
• Right to information
The trainers were able to inform the participants about the ongoing radio program on social protection
initiated by the project.
After the training, feedback on training content and management was requested from the participants.
It was reported and observed through field visits also, that the participants found the issues very
relevant to the local context. They commented that though the issues were known, the training was
successful in giving a whole new picture by linking it to social protection and everyday livelihood. They
all realized the training was able to create a pressure group for better service delivery at the local level.
The field visit and group work during the course also helped them get a practical knowledge on how to
interact with vulnerable beneficiaries and how to deal with sensitive social matters.
It was also realized that two days was very short to get better insight of all the issues shared during the
training. The participants have suggested to increasing number of days of the training in future.
Regarding group size, it was realized that group size of fifty was a bit large to manage and should be
limited to 30 per training. This training was received by the locals as an opportunity to clarify their
misconception on the benefits available to them, get a clearer idea about local social service delivery
system and processes to avail the services. Further, they also recommend that such trainings should be
17
organized in every VDC and at ward levels (grass root level) so that more people will get awareness on
their rights and benefits.
All the training material used for providing the aforesaid trainings is being collated in form of training
manuals and will be handed over to DWC so as to enable the same to be reused in other districts of
Nepal by the Department through domestic funding.
3.3.5 Advocacy and Information Materials
To supplement the capacity development initiatives, it was planned to develop information materials.
The aim of these materials were to make people avail of social protection services, social entitlements,
and other social benefits provided by the government, development agencies, and other social
organisations in the rural communities by raising their awareness through various means.
The contents of these materials would address questions such as:
� What are the existing social protection services and benefits – permanent and temporary – available
in the country?
� Who are entitled to receive such services?
� What are the necessary official documents one should have?
� How to access those services?
� Where to go?
Two types of information materials were produced by the project:
1. Wall Calendars- highlighting state-sponsored social protection benefits
2. Radio Program - A specially tailored live call-in radio programmes and public service
announcements (PSA) being aired by the FM stations of five project districts
a. Wall Calendar
English wall calendars (100 pieces) with dates and texts in English were printed and distributed to
various national and international organizations at the start of English New Year 2012. Similarly, 6000
pieces of Nepali Wall calendars following Nepali dates were printed and distributed to the project
beneficiaries, district-based stakeholders and to all 75 district offices of Nepal at the start of Nepali New
Year 2069 (2012). The calendars provide information on social protection benefits provided by the
government to the following vulnerable groups:
a. School children - Free primary education to children going to government schools
b. Women - Maternity allowance to mothers giving birth in a government hospital
c. Girl child - Benefits to families sending girl child to school
d. Single women - Allowance to widow and single women aged 60 and above
e. Senior citizens - Monthly allowance to senior citizens
f. Differently-abled - Special benefits to differently-abled citizens
These wall calendars have received good reviews from the governmental, non-governmental and
international organizations working in social protection sector. See Annex 7a for snapshots of English
and Nepali wall calendars.
18
b. Radio Programmes
Similarly, to raise awareness on various issues of social protection at project districts, half-hour talk
programs are being aired in six FM stations of five target districts on a weekly basis. The programs are
being aired at prime time (morning times) during Sunday, Monday or Wednesday and repeated after
one or two days depending on FM stations (see Annex 7b for FM stations and timing details).
In addition, six PSA (Public Service Announcements) or radio jingles relevant to the social protection
benefits provided by the Government of Nepal have been produced. They are being aired repeatedly
during the day (see annex 7b for media plan of Radio program and PSA airing).
The topic chosen for the month of February was 'free primary education' and for the month of March it
was 'maternity benefits'. Similarly 'widows and single women allowance' in April, 'allowance to senior
citizens' in May, while issues on 'girl child education' and 'facilities to differently abled' were dealt during
June and July programs.
The first week of these weekly programs explained about the benefits being provided by the
Government through interviews of local GON officials responsible for implementation of such programs.
Similarly during second week, they informed listeners on how such benefits could be acquired; what
were the necessary documents; who were entitled to such benefits; and where to contact. Interviews
with people who had and had not utilized such benefits were also included so that the listeners could
know more on how they received such services or why they could not avail such services, during the
third week. In the fourth week local officials responsible for social protection policies were invited for
interview where the problems raised through earlier programs could be addressed and policy feedback
could be provided.
The feedbacks from callers to the stations have shown that the programs are being viewed as a positive
step in creating awareness on local issues of social protection.
3.4 Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)
Most people in Nepal have been affected by the conflict either directly or indirectly. However, some
face greater risks than others due to loss of livelihood, loss of income due to disability or death of an
economically active family member, asset depletion or migration. The project through this component
aimed to provide conditional cash grant to 4,000 conflict-affected families to reduce their vulnerability
to income shocks. Furthermore, the component aimed towards sustainable economic empowerment of
vulnerable families by developing market linkages and creating income generation opportunities.
Following major activities were initially envisaged for implementation of the component:
• High-level orientation
• District Project Steering Committee meetings
• Selection of facilitating NGO partners
• District-level orientation on project implementation mechanism
• VDC level consultative meetings
• Identification of beneficiaries families through participatory approach
• Skill enhancement and business plan development training
• Value chain activities
19
• Cash grant to beneficiary families
• Income generation – fertilizer, seeds, etc grant
• Grant for artisans- working capitals, tools and training
• Cash grant to families with disabled members
• Community infrastructure fund in social sector
• On-the-spot technical backstopping and material support
• Need-based priority interventions
The district implementation of these activities began only after endorsement of GIM in Aug 2010. In
short duration of project implementation i.e. from Aug 2010 till Jul 2012, many activities were held at
the districts and target VDCs as follows:
3.4.1 High-Level Orientation
This marked the beginning of district-level project implementation. It was imperative for PIU staff to
coordinate with and get cooperation from the district and VDC authorities, and line agencies during
beneficiary selection, identification of necessary infrastructural support, and for income generation
activities (in sectors as agriculture, livestock, cottage and micro enterprises, etc). Therefore, a 2-days
High Level Orientation of the project was held for the Local Development Officers (LDOs), Assistant Chief
District Officers and WCOs from five target districts, from 9 to 10 Jun. 2010 in Kathmandu.
Main objectives of this activity were to:
i. Familiarise on various aspects of project implementation to all the personnel involved in district-
level implementation of the project;
ii. To give a thorough orientation to PIU staff on the project implementation process; and
iii. To clarify their queries and confusions.
The orientation was divided into 3 sessions per day. DG of DWC Divakar Devkota chaired both inaugural
and closing sessions. Project Manager and Under Secretary of DWC Shanta Bhattarai facilitated the
orientation program (see Annex 8 for agenda).
The Project Manager presented paper on the implementation process and main activities of Component
4: Piloting Quality Services. Project Team Leader from ASI made a presentation on Social Protection
System and its relevance to the project. Participants were also briefed on the Capacity Development
activities of the project. Similarly, Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Expert of the project briefed the
participants on mechanisms to be followed by the project for M&E of project activities. Joint Secretary
of the MOWCSW, Ratna Kaji Bajracharya made a presentation on the selection process of facilitating
partner NGOs and their terms of reference. A session was also held on financial and budgetary matters
of the project, conducted by the Chief of Accounts of DWC.
3.4.2 District Project Steering Committee (DPSC) Meetings
At district level, the District Gender Mainstreaming and Child Rights Coordination Committee
(DGMCRCC) were set up as District Project Steering Committee, to guide and support the project. The
committee facilitated by WCO, and composed of district line agencies, District Child Welfare Board
(DCWB), and other key district stakeholders, held several meetings in respective districts to review
20
impact of conflict and allotted number of beneficiary numbers for each selected VDCs (see table3.7
below).
Table 3.7: Distribution of 4000 beneficiaries across districts and VDCs
SN Districts
(total beneficiaries) VDCs
No. of
Beneficiaries
1
Achham (900 beneficiaries)
Baradadevi 150
2 Kuinka 150
3 Bhatakatiya 150
4 Kalagaon 150
5 Dhakari 150
6 Dhaku 150
7
Banke
(700 beneficiaries)
Fattepur 90
8 Gangapur 85
9 Binauna 75
10 Baijapur 125
11 Betahani 75
12 Mahadevpuri 125
13 Naubasta 125
14
Bardiya
(600 beneficiaries)
Mohammadpur 80
15 Patabhar 110
16 Thakurdwara 110
17 Badalpur 110
18 Motipur 80
19 Dhadawar 110
20
Rolpa
(900 beneficiaries)
Gam 151
21 Thabang 151
22 Mirul 151
23 Kureli 151
24 Uwa 145
25 Jelbang 151
26
Rukum
(900 beneficiaries)
Pipal 170
27 Ranmamaikot 130
28 Mahat 170
29 Chunbang 130
30 Khara 130
31 Hukam 170
Thereafter too regular DPSC meetings were held in the districts for smooth implementation of project
activities. A total of 40 DPSC meetings have been held since project implementation till end of second
trimester (mid Mar. 2012) of current fiscal year 2011/12 on various dates.
3.4.3 Selection of Facilitating NGO Partners
31 local NGOs, one NGO per VDC, were selected as working partners to support WCO in carrying out
activities of livelihood promotion, value-chain and back-stopping to the 4000 beneficiaries in the
selected VDCs (see list of selected NGOs in Annex 9).
21
3.4.4 District-Level Orientation on Project Implementation Mechanism
To bring clarity on the objectives, methodology and value of each project activity, district level
orientations on Project Implementation Mechanism were held for the staff of WCOs, VDC secretaries,
members of facilitating-NGO partners, and representatives of Veterinary Office, Agriculture
Development Office, and Small enterprise and Cottage Industry Offices of project districts. A total of five
district level orientations were held in district headquarters with participation of more than 20 district
stakeholders. See table 3.8 below for venue, date and total participant numbers.
Outcomes of the district level orientations were:
� Project implementation process shared with stakeholders.
� Clarity brought on financial and budgetary aspects of the project.
� Concept on value chain and business development imparted to facilitating NGOs.
� Better understanding on implementation process to the facilitating NGOs.
� Opportunity for DWC and MOWCSW to have first hand understanding of the ground reality of target
districts.
� Commitment from representatives of the major political parties to support in successful completion
of the project.
� Good rapport built among the PMO, PIUs, facilitating NGOs and local authorities.
Table 3.8: Summary Table of District Level Orientation held at target districts
S.N. Districts Date Venue Participants
1 Banke 24-28 Jun 2010 Nepalgunj 26 (NGOs-16, VDCs-5, Line agencies-1, WCOs-5)
2 Achham 11-15 Jul 2010 Mangalsen 26 (NGOs-12, VDCs-6, Line agencies-3, WCOs-5)
3 Bardiya 20-24 Aug 2010 Bardiya 32 (NGOs-14, VDCs-6, Line agencies-3, WCOs-9)
4 Rolpa 15-19 Sept 2010 Liwang 27 (NGOs-12, VDCs-6, Line agencies-3, WCOs-6)
5 Rukum 22-26 Sept 2010 Musikot 23 (NGOs-12, VDCs-3, Line agencies-2, WCOs-6)
After getting full understanding of the project activities, participants developed an action plan to
organize VDC-level consultative meetings for each district. They expressed their views of the training,
contents, methodology and relevance to address problems of the vulnerable families in the district. They
found the training helpful in bringing clarity to the project interventions at district level.
3.4.5 VDC-Level Consultative Meeting
VDC-level consultative meetings were held with the aim to build consensus on total number of families
receiving cash grant in each ward of the selected VDCs (there are 9 wards per VDC). The meetings were
called by the VDC offices. Along with VDC officials and a member of NGO partner, WCO staffs were
present at these meetings. Representatives from 9 wards comprising local intellectuals, community well-
wishers and women representatives of locally recognized political parties also attended these meetings.
Representation from excluded groups, indigenous communities and vulnerable groups was assured.
Main objectives of the meetings were:
22
1. To build understanding on the objectives and activities of the project;
2. To explain the set criteria on selection of beneficiary families; and
3. To fix the number of beneficiary families in each ward.
Higher numbers of beneficiaries were allotted for the wards that were more conflict- affected.
3.4.5.1 Achham District
The VDC-level consultative meetings were held in all the selected six VDCs as planned from 20 Sept. to
22 Oct. 2010. Based on the scale of conflict-impact and the given criteria, the participants indentified
beneficiaries in each ward making sure that each VDC had 150 beneficiary families in total. See table 3.9
for ward-wise distribution of beneficiaries in Achham district.
Altogether 366 participants (293 male and 73 female; see Annex 10 for detail of VDC level consultative
meeting) contributed in deciding which of the 9 wards were more vulnerable than the others. These
peaceful meetings were extremely helpful to build consensus among villagers.
Table 3.9: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 900 beneficiaries in Achham
VDCs
Wards Kalagaon Kuika Bhatkatiya Dhaku Dhakari Bardadevi
1 23 12 22 17 18 18
2 14 12 18 35 17 15
3 12 12 12 18 14 18
4 20 39 17 16 16 20
5 15 14 18 17 18 16
6 15 20 27 13 18 21
7 16 15 16 9 18 16
8 16 16 8 13 13 24
9 19 10 12 12 18 2
TOTAL 150 150 150 150 150 150
3.4.5.2 Banke District
VDC-level consultative meetings were held in Banke district in all the seven selected VDCs from 6 to 15
July 2010. The meetings successfully brought consensus among VDCs in fixing the total number of
beneficiaries in each of the nine wards. The number of beneficiaries in each ward varies (see table 3.10
below). A total of 332 participants were present in the seven meetings (see Annex 10).
Table 3.10: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 700 beneficiaries in Banke
VDCs
Wards Betahani Binauna Naubasta Baijapur Mahadevpuri Fattepur Gangapur
1 7 15 12 17 10 15 19
2 7 6 18 16 35 6 2
3 9 6 12 15 10 12 10
23
4 13 10 12 14 10 5 8
5 12 8 13 10 15 6 9
6 5 11 12 13 13 10 7
7 7 7 14 15 15 10 14
8 8 6 18 10 10 17 12
9 7 6 14 15 7 9 4
TOTAL 75 75 125 125 125 90 85
3.4.5.3 Bardiya District
VDC-level consultative meetings in Bardiya district were held between 29 Aug. and 13 Sept. 2010 (see
Annex 10 for details). There were 267 male and 218 female participants. The meetings helped in
building consensus to fix the number of beneficiaries in each ward based on the impact of conflict and
the vulnerability of the wards. See table 3.11 below for distribution of 600 beneficiaries in each ward of
Bardiya district.
Table 3.11: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 600 beneficiaries in Bardiya
VDC
Ward Badalpur Dhadawar Motipur Mohammadpur Patabhar Thakurdwara
1 11 5 5 3 18 19
2 11 2 14 2 6 8
3 9 4 6 7 6 14
4 21 13 2 14 10 18
5 12 15 9 3 7 7
6 8 11 12 10 28 11
7 7 10 23 11 12 11
8 10 40 6 22 10 8
9 21 10 3 8 13 14
TOTAL 110 110 80 80 110 110
3.4.5.4 Rolpa District
VDC-level consultative meetings in the district were held between 29 Nov. and 3 Dec. 2010 (see Annex
10. for details). A total of 570 participants (female 275 and male 299) contributed to fix the number of
beneficiaries for each ward of the selected six VDCs in Rolpa (see table 3.12 below.)
Table 3.12: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 900 beneficiaries in Rolpa
VDCs
Ward Gam Jelbang Kureli Mirul Thabang Uwa
1 17 10 15 15 13 15
2 17 10 15 18 25 20
3 16 20 15 10 13 15
4 17 12 12 15 13 15
5 16 18 15 22 20 11
24
6 17 23 15 15 25 18
7 17 18 15 14 19 20
8 17 20 25 30 13 16
9 17 20 24 12 10 15
TOTAL 151 151 151 151 151 145
3.4.5.5 Rukum District
The six VDC level Consultative Meetings were held between 9 October and 2 December 2010 in Rukum
District. 235 females and 370 males (in total 605) attended these meetings, to fix the number of
beneficiaries per ward in each VDC. Table 3.13 shows ward- wise distribution of beneficiary numbers
and details of these meetings is given in Annex 10
Table 3.13: VDC and Ward-wise distribution of 900 beneficiaries in Rukum
VDCs
Wards Khara Ranmamaikot Chunbang Hukam Mahat Pipal
1 18 12 20 23 30 15
2 15 10 11 18 25 14
3 11 34 13 16 18 18
4 10 14 10 24 18 18
5 16 10 10 15 18 24
6 18 10 20 20 18 14
7 17 18 13 16 13 30
8 10 10 20 20 18 18
9 15 12 13 18 12 19
TOTAL 130 130 130 170 170 170
3.4.6 Identification of Beneficiary Families through Participatory Approach
After the number of beneficiary families per ward was fixed, a series of ward-level assemblies were held
to identify the actual beneficiaries. Participatory approach was adopted to ensure fair selection of the
beneficiaries. Five meetings per VDC were planned for this purpose with participation of more than 50
community representations. Of the nine wards, four meetings were planned to be held at four locations
with representatives of two wards at one site and remaining one meeting, to be held in the ward which
was far or had larger population.
A social resource map showing comparative social and economic status of each household in a ward was
drawn by the local community with the help of VDC offices. Thereafter, based on the criteria mentioned
below, the assembly focused on reaching a consensus to identify the beneficiary families.
i. Degree and the scale of impact (Or, families that have lost their livelihood as a direct impact of
conflict)
ii. Poverty ranking (Or, families that are extremely poor)
iii. Social asset (Or, families that are socially in a very backward state and do not have anyone to
support them)
25
iv. Type of household head (Or, families with women as main bread earner due to death or disability
of the male head)
v. Families with children (minor) members only
vi. Caretaking responsibility (Or, families despite being unable, have taken on the responsibility of
caretaker for the children made orphan as impact of conflict)
vii. From criteria (i) to (iv), the families having small children were given first priority.
Priority was also given to conflict-affected and vulnerable families that had not received any support
previously.
On the basis of given criteria and advice of local intellectuals, each household in the social resource map
were categorized into: most-affected, moderately-affected and normally-affected households. The
target beneficiaries were selected from among the most-affected households.
In Achham, 30 ward level assemblies were held to identify 900 families. More than 60% of those
identified families were directly affected by conflict and the rest were socially and economically
vulnerable. The affected families expressed happiness to receive such support. For some, it was the first
time that any sort of help was going to reach them.
In Banke the 700 beneficiaries were identified initially through 35 ward-level meetings with community
participation of more than 3000 people. However, when the actual implementation of the project began
through enumeration, and other follow up activities for grant distribution, whereabouts of 21 families
were not available.
In Bardiya 600 beneficiaries were identified through 30 ward level meetings participated by more than
3000 participants. Of the selected beneficiaries, more than 50% were affected by conflict, about 30%
were selected from economically deprived families and remaining were vulnerable families for other
reasons.
900 beneficiaries from Rolpa district were identified through 30 ward level meetings held between 1
Dec 2010 and 26 Jan 2011 with participation from 2342 community representatives comprising 964
females and 1378 males.
Similarly, in Rukum a total of 2261 participants (935 female and 1326 male) identified 900 beneficiaries
in the selected six VDCs through 30 ward assemblies that were held between 29 Nov. 2010 and 27 Jan.
2011.
3.4.7 Skill Enhancement and Business Development Training
To raise income standard of the beneficiaries, business plan needs to be formulated for prospective
activities. For this, 3-day training programmes were conducted in all 31 target VDCs. Each training
programme had 20 participants on an average. The training curriculum was developed in consultation
with local resource persons of district line agencies.
3,979 beneficiaries from five target districts received various skill enhancement and business plan
development training through the project. So far, highest demand for trainings has been for livestock
based activities - goat, buffalo and pig- rising. This is followed by demand in, trainings on keeping petty
shops, vegetable farming, cycle repairing and sewing (see table no 3.14 below). A total of 199 such
trainings were held within fiscal year 2066/67 (2010/11).
26
Table No 3.14: IGA Training types, participants and number of trainings per district
SN Districts VDCs covered Training Types No. of
Participants
No. of
Trainings
1 Achham All six VDCs Goat raising, vegetable
farming, petty shops
900 45
2 Bardiya All six VDCs Goat/pig raising, petty shops,
cycle repair, sewing
600 30
3 Banke All seven VDCs Goat/buffalo/pig raising,
petty shops
679 34
4 Rolpa All six VDCs Goat, vegetable farming 900 45
5 Rukum All six VDCs Goat/pig raising, ginger
farming
900 45
TOTAL 3979 199
3.4.8 Cash Grant to Beneficiary Families
After attending Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development Trainings, the beneficiaries prepared
their business plan with help of facilitating NGOs. In order to receive grant support, the plan was
approved by WCO. Thereafter, the families received cash grant of NRs. 12,000 (US$ 176.5) per family.
Opening bank accounts was one of the criteria set forth to receive the grant. To open the bank account,
one of the prerequisite of the bank is submission of account holder's authentic identification. For people
living at remote locations, citizenship is the only authorized identification card. Hence, of the 3979
beneficiaries, those who had not acquired citizenship certificate previously undertook a tedious effort to
make their citizenship card. As per WCO reporting 5% of the beneficiary families made their citizenship
card to open their bank accounts. Such families also came to know about birth registration for their
children and registered their childbirth while acquiring the citizenship cards.
Opening bank accounts for the 3979 individual families, located at remote villages was a big challenge
for the NGOs and WCOs of 5 districts. Lack of proper identification cards, photographs and related
documents were some of the problems for opening accounts. Absence of banking system in the rural
areas was another challenge to overcome. More than 95% of the beneficiary families were having their
bank accounts opened for the very first time. For this, the facilitating NGOs and WCOs approached
their local banks based at the districts and requested to extend their services. The NGOs themselves
took photographs and facilitated with paper works to open accounts in their names. By the end of fiscal
year 2067/68 (i.e. mid July 2011) a total of 3979 out of 4000 families had their own bank accounts and
cash grant was deposited in their respective accounts.
District-wise, 900 families received grant support through their accounts in Achham. In Banke 679 out of
700 families received grant support through their accounts. Similarly in Bardiya 600 families, 900
families in Rolpa and 900 in Rukum district received grant support.
3.4.8.1 Income Generating Activities (IGA) of Beneficiary Families
Of the 4000 identified beneficiaries in 31 target VDCs, 3979 families received grant support and are
doing their selected income generation activities. Regular monitoring and follow up was carried by
27
district PIUs and facilitating NGO partners on their adopted businesses. Data collected from the VDCs
show that 76.6% (3,052 in number – see table 3.15 below) of beneficiaries opted for goat-raising as their
IGA. Several monitoring visits have shown that the goats bought initially have produced offspring at
least once since the time they started their IGA. In Terai districts i.e. Banke and Bardiya, the goats have
produced once or twice depending on the stage of goats bought at the time. The number too has shown
growth from 2 to 7 in average. In hilly districts also, the goat-raising has shown growth from the initial
numbers.
Table 3.15: District-wise list of major IGAs taken up by project beneficiaries
SN District Goat
Raising
Buffalo
Raising
Retail
Shop Piggery
Vegetable
Farming Poultry Others
1 Achham 686 37 93
31 53 0
2 Banke 440 123 43 37 7 17 17
3 Bardiya 276 76 90 115 10 1 32
4 Rolpa 776 5 4 66 46 2 1
5 Rukum 874 1 2 11 0 0 12
Total 3052 242 232 229 94 73 62
In % 76.61 6.07 5.82 5.75 2.36 1.83 1.56
As shown in above table, the second highest numbers of beneficiaries, i.e. 242 beneficiaries have opted
for buffalo-raising, mostly in Banke and Bardiya districts. Retail shop, pig raising, vegetable farming and
poultry farming are also IGAs that were chosen by more than 1% of the families. Other IGAs chosen by
some 62 families include tailoring (32), small tea shops (5), fish farming (6), cycle repair shop (5), ginger
farming (10), cow raising (1), meat shop(1), medical shop(1) and furniture shop(1).
3.4.9 Value Chain Activities
This is one of the most important activities of the project. One of two measurable indicators of the
project is increase in incomes of beneficiary families by 10% in first year after receiving assistance, and a
further 10% in the following year. Hence right analysis of value-chain, updated market information, and
networks to develop market were crucial factors. Three major activities were identified initially to
achieve the outputs:
i) Research and consultation
ii) Training to WDOs and facilitating NGOs – TOT on Value Chain and Business Development for Service
Providers
iii) Market development support for beneficiary families
3.4.9.1. Research and Consultation
Research on value chain of income generating activities (IGA), taken up by the target beneficiaries was
carried out by a value chain expert. The expert was assigned by ASI to:
• Identify IGA products of beneficiaries in each of the 5 target districts
• Carry out research and collect data of main market actors, location of brokers, access and other
required information
28
• Narrow the products down to sub-sectors
• Design a strategy, based on these information to increase selling price of products
Accordingly, the expert submitted three reports comprising value chain analysis of goat, vegetable and
piggery sectors. A presentation was also made during a one-day workshop held on 30 Apr. 2012
regarding study findings and narrowing down of the subsectors. The workshop was attended by 58
participants from various ministries, DWC officials and TWG members. The feedback received from the
workshop was helpful to finalize action plan for increasing values in each subsector of major IGAs
adopted by project beneficiaries. The workshop also helped in finalizing the curriculum of value chain
training targeted for 31 facilitating NGOs and Women Development Officers of project districts. The
subsector reports and training manual was submitted to DWC. It was expected to provide support for
conduction of Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development Refresher Training to beneficiary
families.
The two remaining activities could not be implemented within the project period.
3.4.10 Income Generation- Fertilizer, Seeds, etc Grant
To cover expenses for purchase of fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, building shed in case of animal husbandry,
or other necessary use, grant amounting to NRs. 700 ($10.3) was allocated per family for 3700 families
excluding 300 families receiving artisan support.
This activity could not be completed as fund could not be availed on time due to lengthy administrative
procedure and short remaining period of the project.
3.4.11 Grant for Artisans – Working Capitals, Tools, and Training
Families involved in activities such as leather processing and making shoes, iron utensils and weapon
making, iron- furnace, tailoring, clay-pot making, etc, traditional skills and crafts already possess basic
skills. Therefore, the project had envisaged to provide additional grant support of NRs. 6,000 ($88.24) to
300 such families from among the target beneficiary families for upgradation of their skills or tools and
machinery. Families requiring this support needed to submit their business plan based on their skill.
However, as no business plan was submitted in this category by any beneficiary families, this activity
was decided to be cancelled after ADB Review Mission 17- 21 Oct. 2011 and also endorsed by 9th PSC
meeting (29 Dec. 2011).
3.4.12 Cash Grant to Families with Disabled Members
In addition to other income generation grant and grant for artisan families, a cash grant of NRs. 2000
($29.41) per family was to be provided to 300 families with disable members. Accordingly, district PIUs
collected data of the families with disable members. After ADB Review Mission 17-21 Oct. 2011, it was
agreed to increase the number of families from 300 to 576 and support amount from $29.41 to $59 per
family.
This activity could not be completed as fund could not be availed on time due to lengthy administrative
procedure and short remaining period of the project.
29
3.4.13 Community Infrastructure Fund in Social Sector
Small community infrastructure projects were planned to be initiated to increase accessibility of the
rural community to the basic services like rural roads, health, water and sanitation, small irrigation
project and communication facilities. The process of selection was planned to be initiated in the second
phase of the project, once the beneficiaries and their income generation schemes were identified.
Budget of $10,294 per VDC was allocated for this activity.
To ensure transparency and accountability and for proper implementation, a community infrastructure
development guideline was also prepared and approved by ADB and PSC by Dec 2011.
As per reports received from district PIUs, community infrastructure sub projects were held in
respective districts and VDCs with available budget within project duration as follows:
SN District VDC Community Infrastructure Sub Project Amount in
NRs.
1
Bardiya
Badalpur Community Vaccination Center, Badalpur 4 280,000
2
Dhadawar
Drinking water fitting, pipe, tap and tank
construction, Dhadawar 7
50,000
3 Shakti Women Community Building, Dhadawar 4 230,000
4 Thakurdwara
Vegetable Collection and Distribution Center,
Thakurdwara 6
280,000
Sub Total 840,000
5
Rukum
Chunbang
Bherikhola Wooden Bridge Construction,
Chunbang 3, 4 and 5 239,400
6 Duwachour Wooden Bridge Construction,
Chunbang 6 and 7 239,400
7
Mahat
Domaikhola Wooden Bridge Construction,
Mahat 8 and 9 259,350
8 Syarpu Irrigation Sub-Project, Mahat 6 219,450
9
Khara
Bherikhola Drinking Water Sub Project, Khara 6 239,400
10 Pallokholi Drinking Water Sub Project, Khara 7
and 8 239,400
11
Pipal
Chhipprekhola Drinking Water Sub Project, Pipal
8 239,400
12 Kunakhet Thulakhola Drinking Water Sub
Project, Pipal 9 239,400
Sub Total 1,915,200
TOTAL 2,755,200
30
3.4.14 On-the-Spot Technical Backstopping and Material Support
Technical expertise may be required in many areas of work initiated by families - such as use of
fertilizers, care for animals, quality and others. Therefore, it is better if arrangement could be made for
technical consultation by the resource person involved with skill-enhancement training or other
available local experts on the site itself. Along with solving technical difficulties, the counseling by
technical experts can also boost morale of the families.
Not all problems may be resolved by the visit of experts only. There might be need for materials –
medicine, pesticides, low cost equipments and raw materials for cottage enterprise – or for a
demonstration. In such instances, chances are few that the technical experts cover the expenses
incurred for these. Similarly, the government provided services too have their own limitations.
Therefore, considering these factors, budget for 3 technical counseling visits per year per VDC were
allocated and material support grant of up to NRs. 13,000 ($ 191) (for Rolpa, Rukum and Achham
districts) or NRs. 10,000 ($ 147) (for Banke and Bardiya) was allocated, to cover expenses for purchasing
materials, whatever may be necessary.
From fiscal year 67/68 (2010/11) till second trimester of fiscal year 68/69 (2011/12) i.e. mid Mar. 2012,
a total of 42 such visits were undertaken in total.
3.4.15 Need-Based Priority Interventions
In addition to cash grant, income generation support and community infrastructure support, a lumpsum
budget of $ 25,338 was projected for need-based priority interventions in GIM. This support was
allocated for either of the following conditions:
i) If number of families with disable members or artisan families are more than that allocated per
VDC, and in case is critical.
ii) Mobilization and management of Users group for community infrastructure and relevant short-
term trainings.
iii) Other critical interventions for income generation of the beneficiaries; not covered by other
grants.
After ADB Review Mission 17-21 Oct 2011, it was agreed to remove this activity and reallocate budget.
3.4.16 Meetings with Facilitating NGO Partners
To facilitate in coordination and implementation of project activities, 3 meetings per year were planned
between facilitator-NGO partners and the WCO per district. From project initiation since 2010/11 (fiscal
year 2067/68) till second trimester i.e. mid Mar. 2012 of current fiscal year 2011/12 (2068/69) a total of
24 meetings were held between WCO and facilitating NGOs.
3.5 Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration
This component supports the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities to review project progress,
identify problems, and make adjustments in a timely manner. This component envisaged following
activities:
31
i) Baseline survey
ii) Project Progress Report
iii) Mid-term evaluation
iv) Final evaluation
3.5.1 Baseline Survey
To establish baseline information of the project beneficiaries (Piloting Quality Services – economic
empowerment) regarding their demographic, economic and social condition, a baseline survey was
conducted by project’s Monitoring and Evaluation Expert, Dr. Govinda Subedi. The baseline indicators
will be utilised for evaluating the project achievements.
30% of the potential beneficiaries’ families were enumerated in order to ensure the monitoring of the
individual. Thus, the actual sample size of the baseline survey was 1,193 families.
Key issues covered by the baseline survey besides economic and social condition of the beneficiary
families were, awareness of rights and sources of support, income levels and household assets, school
attendance of children of primary age and scale of vulnerability. To ensure that the survey report
reflected the ground reality, an orientation on baseline survey methodology and instruments was
designed, planned and conducted.
The orientation was held in two sessions in each district.
� First session included orientation on thematic issue of the conflict-affected families, techniques of
sample selection, calculation of sampling intervals and identification of respondent.
� Second session included methods of filling the questionnaire including ethnic, privacy and
confidentiality issues and role-play.
It was provided in two phases, the first phase of district orientation on Baseline Survey Methodology
was held between 11 and 16 July 2010 in Achham, Banke and Bardiya districts. The second phase of
orientations was held between 17 and 24 September 2010 in Rolpa and Rukum districts. These
orientations were held at the district headquarters of each working districts.
Table 3.16 Details on Baseline Survey Orientations
SN Districts Date Participants
NGOs WCO Staffs Total
1 Achham 13 Jul. 2010 12 6 18
2 Bardiya 15 Jul. 2010 8 4 12
3 Banke 16 Jul. 2010 11 4 15
4 Rolpa 19 Sept. 2010 12 6 18
5 Rukum 22 Sept. 2010 12 6 18
Total 55 26 81
M&E Expert submitted synopsis report of the baseline survey which clearly exhibits poor economic and
social conditions of the beneficiaries and the scale of their vulnerability (see Annex 8 for detail report).
32
The baseline survey examined the selected families' economic condition by collecting indicators on
ownership of house, landholding status, food sufficiency status, ownership of livestock, and family's
main occupation. These indicators are crucially important to understand the economy of the rural
households in Nepal. Generating data on 'income' in the rural households is challenging as majority of
family members are often engaged in subsistence sectors, non-remunerated economic activities which
are time consuming ones. This is particularly true in case of women. However, given the project-
required baseline information of the 'family's income' to evaluate its contribution on increase in family's
income, the final evaluation study (end-line survey being held at the end of the project period) would
measure the income changes of the beneficiary families through the following ways:
� Asking retrospective questions on income of the family before the intervention of the project
and end of it (real changes).
� Asking the beneficiary families' perception on how much the project intervention contributed to
increase in their family's income (perception).
� Comparison of the household assets including access to public utility services before the
intervention of the project and in the end of the project.
3.5.2 Project Progress Reports
In order to complement regular monitoring and evaluation activity, PMO undertook regular field visits,
covering all 5 target districts, and prepared project reports upon the project implementation which
began in August 2010. Furthermore, to show the realistic situation of project beneficiaries, ASI came up
with case studies which (see Annex 12). Following progress reports were prepared and submitted to
ADB during the project period:
SN Title Duration Covered
1. Trimester Progress Report 15 Jul. – 15 Nov. 2010
2. Interim Progress Report Feb. 2008 – Jun. 2011
3. Project Progress Report in Presentation Jul. – Oct. 2011
4. Project Progress Report Nov. 2011 – Mar. 2012
3.5.3 Mid-Term Evaluation
ADB and the Government had planned to carry out a mid-term review of project implementation in
2011. This review would have focused on project impacts, review of the original project scope, design,
implementation progress and arrangements, and any other relevant issues in light of the Government's
development strategies and policy framework, and strategic concerns of ADB, including any
modifications. It was planned to be carried out around May 2011 as the Project commenced effectively
only after GIM was approved in August 2010. However, it was not done due to short implementation
period caused by a long delay in the beginning of the project implementation.
ADB undertook a special review mission from 17 to 21 Oct. 2011, with following objectives:
33
i) Review progress of the project, based on the Interim Progress Report of July 2011 and other
relevant documents
ii) Discuss and agree on the proposed revised implementation plan, including extension of the
project closing date
iii) Discuss and agree on reallocation of the cancelled component 2: Legal Support for Better Service
Standard
iv) Discuss any other issues that need to be addressed
The mission reviewed project progress based on the Interim Report submitted by ASI and expressed
satisfaction over the project implementation. The mission agreed for project extension period from 12
May 2012 by two months to 15 Jul. 2012, to coincide with the fiscal year of Nepal. The mission also
agreed for cancellation of second batch of Post Graduate Diploma run through St. Xavier's College as it
was not possible to acquire affiliation from a University and finish the course within project duration.
Following changes were proposed to the mission, which was later endorsed by GoN:
i) Component3
a. The second batch of post graduate course on social work (to be cancelled, remaining budget to
be reallocated to other activities)
b. A 5-day district level training for trainers on social service delivery
c. A 2-day child rights sensitization
d. A 2.day child care home standards training (b, c, and d, trainings to be combined as one 6-day
training titled 'District Level TOT on Social Protection' and training budget to be increased)
e. Civil Society and CBO courses (training budget to be increased)
f. Advocacy and Information materials such as calendar with citizen's entitlement of government's
social services, regular radio programs for 6 months, etc (plan to be reviewed for any possible
expansion and budget to be increased)
ii) Component 4
a. Grant of NRs. 6,000 to artisan families among the beneficiaries (to be cancelled and budget to
be reallocated to disability benefit, since no artisan families among beneficiaries)
b. Grant Support of NRs. 2,000 for 300 families with disabled persons (beneficiary number to be
increased to 578 families and the grant amount to be increased to NRs. 5,000; severely disabled
persons are eligible, category 1 and 2)
c. Income generation grant of NRs 700 to 3,700 families (to be used as conditional transfer to all
beneficiary families for the participation in refresher training. Additional budget to be
considered to cover expected higher participation)
d. On the spot technical backstopping to all beneficiary families
e. Value chain support to enhance business activities (to be expected into refresher training to the
beneficiaries, budget to be increased.)
f. Community Infrastructure development support up to NRs 700,000 ($10,294) to 31 VDCs each
iii) Component 5
a. Final evaluation
b. Audit
c. Project closing activities
34
3.5.4 Final Evaluation
At the end of project implementation, the final monitoring and evaluation study was undertaken
through Monitoring and Evaluation Expert by ASI with following objectives and methodology:
Objectives of Evaluation: The overall objective was to examine to what extent the project contributed to
increase in income of the conflict affected and marginalized families and enhance knowledge on social
protection among the community people as well as among the service providers. The specific objectives
include:
1. To provide an informed and independent assessment of the value and efficiency of the work
implemented by DWC and ASI focusing on results to see whether the objectives have been achieved
as planned.
2. To draw learning from the project through evidence-based information, provide suggestions and
recommendations.
Evaluation Methods: The study involved both primary and secondary information. The secondary
information like Grant Implementation Manual, Interim Progress Report, Annual Report,
Implementation Guidelines including official records of ASI and DWC were used.
Primary data was collected through:
Structured Interview from Beneficiary Families: A total of 900 beneficiary families (180 per district) were
interviewed from 31 VDCs of 5 project districts through questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was
developed to understand the changes brought by the project intervention in relation to increase in
income and awareness on social protection and entitlements received by the beneficiaries.
Group Consultation: In each target district, group consultation was conducted among the partner NGOs
to understand the implementation modality of the project, project efficiency, effectiveness and impact
of the project.
Key Informant Interviews (KII): KII was conducted among participants of Mid-level TOT, District level TOT
and VDC level training including VDC Secretaries, FM stations, WDOs and focal person of WDOs and
participants of Postgraduate Diploma. The main aim of the KII was to understand the perception on the
impact of the project especially in enhancing the capacity of service providers (i.e. governmental officials
including NGOs and CBOs).
Case Studies: In each project district, the Consultant visited beneficiary families to understand the
changes brought by the project, and their perception on the project.
The draft Final Report and Final Evaluation Report were submitted to ADB and GON for their comments.
It was also presented during the Workshop on Final Evaluation Report held in Kathmandu on 11 Jul
2012. The workshop was attended by PSC members, TWG members, facilitating partner NGOs, Women
Development Officers of target districts and representatives from IA and EA.
After the comments received from ADB, GON and workshop participants were incorporated in both
reports, they were endorsed by 10th PSC meeting held on the same day (see Annex 13).
35
4. FINANCIAL REPORT
4.1 Status of Project Expense disbursed through ASI
SN Progress Payments Contract
Amount after
Variation 8
Payment Already
Claimed
Expected
Claims for
WIP
Project
Expense
Total
1 Mobilization Payment 56,566 56,566 56,566
2 Submission of Inception Report 85,656 85,656 85,656
3 Submission of Interim Report 83,267 83,267 83,267
4 Submission of Draft Final Report 82,000 82,000 82,000
5 Approval of Final Report 82,548 82,548 82,548
6 Approval of Statement of Eligible Costs 21,000 21,000 21,000
Total Progress Payments 411,037 225,489 185,548 411,037
Other Payments
1172 International Air Travel 17,525 17,428 17,428
1173 National Air Travel (outside Kathmandu) 3,600 2,615 2,615
5400 Workshops and Consultations 126,726 125,352 125,352
5200 Equipment 50,000 22,560 2,525 25,085
Total Other Payments 197,851 39,988 130,492 170,480
Total Progress and Other Payments 608,888 265,477 316,040 581,517
Total Contingency 27,913
Maximum Contract Payment 636,801
NOTE: All currency mentioned is US$
WIP: Work in Progress
36
4.2 Status of Project Expense disbursed through DWC (JFPR-ADB assistance)
District
Amount expenditure for FY 2009.10 to 2010.11 Proposed Budget for FY 11.12
(Authority given to IA Office for WIP) Total
Project
Funding
from ADB
in US$
Exp. In
FY
2009.10
Exp. In FY
2010.11 up
to 14
March,2011
Exp. In FY
2010.11,
Rest of the
Period
Total Exp.
FY 09.10 &
10.11
Exchange
rate
Total
Expense
US$
Budget for
FY 2011.12
NRs.
Total
Allocated
Exchange
rate US$
Achham 218,190 423,000 940,871
12,344,705 74.60 21,207.25 856,495
1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 33,234.99
10,762,644 71.21 151,139.50 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 163,740.27
Rolpa 8,000 344,855 961,024
12,307,050 74.60 17,612.32 856,495
1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 29,640.05
10,993,171 71.21 154,376.79 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 166,977.56
Banke 240,000 400,975 703,899
9,396,785 74.60 18,027.80 1,012,181
2,269,000 71.21 14,214.03 32,241.83
8,051,911 71.21 113,072.76 1,256,819 84.40 14,891.23 127,963.99
Bardiya 35,000 3,342,000 396,241
8,305,849 74.60 50,579.64 856,495
1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 62,607.37
4,532,608 71.21 63,651.29 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 76,252.05
Rukum 178,200 91,915 947,858
12,060,541 74.60 16,326.72 856,495
1,920,000 71.21 12,027.74 28,354.45
10,842,568 71.21 152,261.87 1,063,505 84.40 12,600.77 164,862.64
DWC,
Pulchwok 225,324 -
5,659 295,714
74.60 3,096.28 579,919 1,300,000
71.21 8,143.78 11,240.07
64,731 71.21 909.02 720,081 84.40 8,531.77 9,440.79
Total 904,714 4,602,745 49,203,185 54,710,644
762,261.23 11,249,000 11,249,000
144,294.83 906,556.07
FY Fiscal Year
Exp. Expenditure
IA Implementing Agency
WIP Work in progress
Note: DWC is working on the details of the total expenditure and remaining budget.
37
5. CONCLUSION
The project initiated in February 2008 has come to end in July 2012. Though the project period
was specified for four years, it took almost two years to reach into a consensus on project
implementation modality and the project implementation was delayed. Thus it can be
concluded that project activities were implemented within 2 years i.e. July 2010 till mid July
2012. Capacity development initiatives and economic empowerment of the 4000 beneficiary
families were the major focus of these two years working period.
The capacity development initiatives involved activities that envisaged raising knowledge and
capacity of service providers in social sectors, that too from central level to grass roots level. All
the activities that were envisaged in project document were held successfully except for
cancellation of second bath of PGDSW. All in all, the project was able to introduce social
protection as a concept at policy making fronts of the Government at center, districts and rural
VDCs. At the central level the PGDSW course was able to enhance knowledge of government
employees at mid-level management, which made an impact on their working ability at their
respective ministries. Similarly, at the grass roots level, even short courses of social awareness
have made a good impact on service delivery mechanism at local level. On one end people have
become more aware of governmental social protection programs and accessing those services in
right manner. At the other end service providers are realizing their responsibilities to think for
the needs of vulnerable people and changing their attitudes.
Economic empowerment through income generation of conflict-affected and vulnerable families
living at sparse locations was a huge challenge. First of all, having to identify genuine
beneficiaries without any dispute in itself was a daunting challenge and this was successfully
accomplished by the project. In addition, ensuring that those beneficiaries receive the cash
grant and use them properly was a question that was addressed through opening bank
accounts, trainings and regular support provided to the beneficiary families. That the families
were able to raise their income by more than 10% through their chosen IGA is evident enough
from the progress they have made in their IGA. Moreover, these families will receive support
through DWC's regular program after extension of their working area to these target VDCs, so
there is hope for future. Had there been more time, other activities such as value chain TOT,
follow up training, distribution of grant to disabled families and community infrastructure
development could have been implemented and the project could have made more impact.
To ensure that whatever was done was done well, supervision and regular reporting was done
by PMO. To ensure smooth implementation of the activities, monitoring visits to field was
undertaken even though all the grass roots location was not reached due to remoteness of
geographical area. Good rapport was established with ADB and regular reporting was
maintained.
Project Progress November 2011 – March 2012
List of Contents Page Component 3: Capacity Development 2
3.1 District Level TOT 2
3.1.1 Achham 3
3.1.2 Banke 4
3.1.3 Bardiya 5
3.1.4 Rolpa 6
3.1.5 Rukum 6
3.1.6 PMO Observation 7
3.1.7 Observation made by Child Protection Expert 7
3.2 VDC Level Civil Society and CBO Trainings 8
3.3 Advocacy and Information Materials 11
3.3.1 Wall Calendar 11
3.3.2 Radio Programme 11
Component 4: Economic Empowerment 12
4.1 Revised Program and Budget Approval 12
4.2 Value Chain Research 12
4.3 Grant distribution and IGAs chosen by families 12
4.3.1 Status on IGA of Beneficiaries 13
Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration 13
Annexes – Case Studies 14-15
2
Project Progress November 2011 – March 2012
Project Progress to Date
The project has seen significant progress at the end of this reporting period. The activities stipulated in GIM under Component 3, 4 and 5 are either completed or running. This activity report captures project progress post ADB Review Mission (17-21 October 2011) till March 2012. Component 3: Capacity Development
3.1 District Level TOT
District Level Training on Social Protection issues were held successfully in all the five target districts as one of the
priority activity under this Component. A 6 days training was initiated between 3 to 13 January 2012..
Following objectives were set forth to be achieved through the training:
1. To create a district level group of leaders who can provide wider in-depth knowledge of social welfare guidelines that
underpin policy development and key success factors in social welfare service delivery; and who can provide training on
these issues at local levels
2. To increase awareness on child rights and the risks of child abuse or exploitation; and to form a pressure group to
start raising awareness on this
3. To create a peer pressure group for addressing issues on child care homes standards
The participants of Mid Level TOT held earlier at Nepalgunj, conducted the TOT sessions. Of the 6 days of training, one
full training day was conducted on various issues of child protection and child care home standards by Child Protection
Specialist, Mr. Madhav Pradhan in all five districts. Power point presentation, group discussion, interaction, role play and
field visit methods were used to enhance knowledge of the participants on different social protection issues of Nepal.
A total of 153 participants (89 male and 64 female) from 31 target VDCs of 5 project districts attended the TOT course.
Representation from Village Development Committees (VDC), functionaries of NGOs, CBOs, social mobilisers and
multipurpose health workers were sought from the target VDCs. Similarly, representation of district level Peace
Committees/Civil Societies, Child Clubs, Women Police Cell, Judiciary, Journalists from local FM and Project
Implementation Units of Women and Children Offices were requested for the training. Details of the number of
participants date and venue is given in the following table:
S.N. District (Training Venue)
Date Number of Participants
M F
1 Achham (Mangalsen) 6-12 January 2012 14 16
2. Banke (Nepalgunj) 3-8 January 2012 19 14
3. Bardiya (Gulariya) 3-8 January 2012 19 11
4. Rolpa (Liwang) 3-8 January 2012 19 11
5. Rukum (Khalanga) 8-13 January 2012 18 12
TOTAL 89 64
3
Major topics covered by the training were:
Concepts on social protection with special emphasis to women, senior citizens, disabled, conflict-affected and
other marginalized and vulnerable groups
Introduction to child rights conventions and national scenario, child and human psychology with reference to
behavioral changes of children subject to abuse
National standards and practices of Child Care Homes, child abuse, crimes against children, and crimes by
children
Counseling services for victims
Local referral mechanism and support agencies, roles and responsibilities to protect and prevent rights violation
by families, community, schools, social mobilisers and local authorities
Problem solving techniques on different issues affecting community
Community based research methodology and its use in community level
Communication skill, community mediation, formation of peer pressure group with development of action plan
and facilitation skills
Project monitoring and evaluation techniques and its use at local context
Right to information
3.1.1 Achham
District Level TOT was held at Achham from 6 to 12 January 2012. The six days training was facilitated by Indira Ojha,
WDO of Achham, Khadak Bahadur Bista- Social Development Officer of Achham DDC, Matrika Bhandari- Astha Nepal and
Prem B. Budha- Child Protection Officer. Special sessions on child protection and child care homes standards were
conducted on the third day by Madhav Pradhan-Child Protection Specialist from Kathmandu.
The training program was concluded in a closing ceremony with Khem Raj Joshi, Planning Officer of Achham DDC as the
chief guest. Bed Prasad Timsina, President of Federation of Nepalese Journalist district chapter also expressed his good
wishes on this occasion. The 30 participants from various district and VDC based organizations showed active
participation to the training. The training was evaluated by the participants as very relevant and useful. They felt some
issues like rights to information, protection of women's rights, etc needed more time than allocated. They evaluated
sessions on child protection and child care homes as very informative. They also remarked that practicals on work plan
preparation and site visit helped them get clear idea on how to approach the issues practically.
4
Figure 1 Participants and organizers of District Level TOT at Achham
At the end of the training, the participants formed a pressure group and also formulated action plan for each target
VDCs of the district. The plan of action lists various meetings and discussions on child rights, violence against women,
child marriage, chhaupadi, untouchability, honoring senior citizens, social protection of vulnerable groups and VDC level
trainings on social protection, as tools for awareness raising at VDC level. The prepared plans were submitted to PMO
along with training report.
3.1.2 Banke
In Banke, the training was held from 3 to 8 January 2012. It was inaugurated by Rajendra KC- Acting Local Development
Officer of Banke. On this occasion, he hoped that the training would develop trained human resource to raise awareness
on social protection. The six days training was facilitated by Ramesh Shah, Officer of Banke DDC, and Mahesh Nepali-
District Child Protection Officer. The sessions on child protection and child care home standards, were held by Madhav
Pradhan on fourth day of the training period. The participants also went to Apostle Children's Home for field visit and
observation. At the end of the training, action plan was prepared by the participants divided into seven groups for seven
target VDCs of Banke district.
55% of the participants found the training contents as good, 35% evaluated them as very good and 10% found them as
okay. Similarly, the participants were satisfied with the training management as more than 60% evaluated it as good.
Some other feedbacks provided by the participants are:
- The subject matters are very relevant
- Political party representatives should also have been included in the training
- Such trainings should be held at VDC level also
- Attention should be given during implementation, monitoring and observation of such social protection
programs
5
Figure 2 Shanta Bhattarai, Project Manager and Under Secretary from PMO addressing the participants
The closing was done by Shova Shah, Women Development Officer of Banke. On this occasion, Sinharup Nepal- VDC
Secretary of Mahadevpuri VDC said the training had helped provide wide knowledge on social protection and would help
in work performance in his sector. Ganga Sapkota from SIP Nepal opined the training gave information on rights of
women and children, and showed path for advocacy of their social protection.
3.1.3 Bardiya
TOT was held at Gulariya from 3 to 8 January
2012. The training was inaugurated by Ram
Krishna Subedi Chief District Officer in a
program presided by Bhuwan Hari Aryal, Local
Development Officer of Bardiya. Welcoming
everyone, Bishwomaya Neupane, Acting WDO
shed light on the objectives of the training.
Thereafter, the sessions proceeded as set. Here,
sessions on child rights and child care homes
were held on third day of the program. In
addition to multimedia presentation, flip chart,
meta-cards, group discussion, brainstorming and
presentations were the methodologies used for
training delivery.
The participants were divided into three groups
and taken on a study visit to three offices dealing with women's protection - District Service Center of Women Cell
against domestic violence, Women Cell of District Police Office and Desk against Gender Violence at Health Office. The
visit was able to generate in-depth discussion on pertinent issues of women's social protection. At the end of the
training, VDC-wise pressure group was formed and action plan was prepared. Post training evaluation showed that the
participants found the topics as very relevant and crucial. Full and active participation was shown by the participants. It
was concluded that such trainings will play significant roles during formulation of VDC level plans and programs on social
protection.
Figure 3: A participant reporting on the days' learning during Bardiya training
6
3.1.4 Rolpa
District Level TOT on Social Protection
was held at Libang, district headquarter
of Rolpa from 3 to 8 January 2012. The
training attended by 30 participants
(18 VDC-based and 12 district- based) was
coordinated by Nirmala Karki, Acting WDO.
Gokarna Pun, Child Protection Officer,
Ganesh Singh Mahara, Police Inspector and
Ram Kumar Neupane, Local Development
Officer also conducted various sessions of
the training. The sessions on child
protection and child care home standards
were conducted by Child Protection
Specialist on the second day. During the
course, participants were taken on a field visit
to local child care home run by the Government.
The training was evaluated by the participants as very important to create awareness on social protection. They opined
it was successful in creating an integrated picture of all the social protection schemes provided by the Government. At
the end of the training, six pressure groups were formed, to work for awareness-raising on social protection for
vulnerable people, in each of the six target VDCs of the district.
3.1.5 Rukum
In Rukum, the training was held from 8 to 13 January 2012 at Khalanga, district headquarter of Rukum. The participants
had listed their expectations from the training as follows:
To gain knowledge on social protection
To gain information on social protection provisions by the Government
To know about Government identified vulnerable groups for social protection
To know on various provisions in the social protection sector at district level
To know about various process and importance of disability identification card
The six days training was conducted by Sabitra Shah, WDO, Lalit Budhamagar- Program Officer at Local Development
Fund of Rukum district and Mahesh Nepali- Child Rights Officer of Banke. Similarly, sessions on child protection and child
care homes standards, were conducted by Madhav Pradhan of CWIN. The training program was facilitated by Seema KC,
WCO staff and project focal person. Various training methods were adopted to meet the expectations of the 30 trainees.
At the end of the training, the participants evaluated the training sessions as very useful. They found issues discussed on
child protection and social protection for senior citizens and person with disability as very good. Time allocated for some
topics like communication skill and rights to information was not sufficient.
Figure 4: Handover takeover of class duties among participants
7
Figure 5 Organizers, trainers and participants taking a break for photo with DG and Child Protection Specialist from Kathmandu
Formation of pressure group and preparation of action plan for each VDC proved as positive aspect of the training. They
hoped the sensitivity towards social protection sector would rise after the training. Another positive aspect of the
training marked by the participants was involvement of trainees from various sectors. However, they suggest that
political party representatives should also have been included in such training. The use of multimedia was rather new
and interesting for many participants from the VDCs. They acknowledge that the lesson learnt were not for others only
but for self knowledge too.
3.1.6 PMO Observation
Teams in two groups were mobilized from the Project Management Office (PMO), Kathmandu. The team reached all five
training venues for observation and monitoring of the TOT. It was observed that in addition to the knowledge gained
through Mid Level TOT, the trainers used their own experience to enhance the training. Participation from various line
agencies helped foster greater interaction and information sharing among the participants. Active participation was
observed from the participants during the sessions and good coordination by Women Development Officers.
3.1.7 Observation made by Child Protection Expert
Various issues related to children in family, communities and child care centers were discussed in their rights and
protection in the training program. The discussion and interaction among the participants helped to explore ideas and
experiences of child right, protection, development, participation and their challenges and opportunities in the
communities. Issues like state social policy on child rights, child protection policy, alternative cares, code of conducts for
social workers, family reintegration, etc. were mainly focused in the program. As a whole, the program provided
platform for the participants to know and learn about present scenario of child care and protection and how to work
together for the betterment of children and children at risk. This visit and training program also remained remarkable to
strengthen relationship with various stakeholders.
8
3.2 VDC Level Civil Society and CBO Trainings
To create widespread awareness at local levels of social welfare support systems, the next phase of capacity building
initiatives on Civil Society and CBO Trainings was initiated. This step is targeted to disseminate knowledge on social
protection system at the local level and access to social services at the grass roots level through 2-day trainings being
held at each of the 31 target VDCs. Participation has been requested from Village level functionaries, representatives of
NGOs and CBOs, health workers, school management committee, mother’s group, youth group, child club, political
parties and local authorities, peace committee, police and judiciary functionaries.
Twenty six out of 31 trainings have
been held as of 31 March 2012,
including 6 in Achham, 7 in Banke, 5 in
Bardiya, 4 in Rolpa and 4 in Rukum
district. 100% participation has been
reported and observed in each of these
training with attendance by 50
participants per training as projected.
1300 VDC- level participants gained
knowledge on various social protection
measures taken by the Government
and service delivery mechanism at the
local level.
Remaining trainings in Bardiya, Rolpa
and Rukum districts are expected to
complete within April 2012. See tables
below for detail.
1 Achham District S.N.
VDC Completed dates Participants
Female Male
1.1 Kala Gaon 21 - 22 Feb 24 26
1.2 Dhaku 26 - 27 Feb 14 36
1.3 Dhakari 28 - 29 Feb 18 32
1.4 Bhatakatia 16 - 17 Feb 29 21
1.5 Barda Devi 18 - 19 Feb 13 37
1.6 Kuinka 24- 25 Feb 20 30
TOTAL 118 182
2 Banke District S.N.
VDC Completed dates Participants
Female Male
2.1 Betahani 23-24 March 203 190
2.2 Naubasta 17-18 March
2.3 Baijapur 21-22 March
2.4 Gangapur 25-26 March
2.5 Binauna 19-20 March
2.6 Mahadevpuri 27-28 March
2.7 Fattepur 29-30 March
Figure 6 Lili Khadka, one of the project beneficiaries attending training at Khara VDC of Rukum district
9
3 Bardiya District
S.N. VDC Completed dates
Remarks
3.1 Mohammadpur 16 – 17 March Details to be availed within April end 3.2 Thakurdwara 22– 23 March
3.3 Dhadwar 25 – 26 March
3.4 Motipur 19 – 20 March
3.5 Badalpur 28 – 29 March
3.6 Patabhar April
4 Rolpa District S.N.
VDC Completed dates Participants
Female Male
4.1 Thabang 26-27 March 20 30
4.2 Jailbang 26 – 27 March 19 31
4.4 Kureli 16 – 17 March 24 26
4.6 Mirul 21-22 March 19 31
4.5 Gam April
4.3 Uwa April
5 Rukum District S.N.
VDC Completed dates Participants
Female Male
5.2 Khara 21- 22 Feb 34 16
5.3 Mahat 16 - 17 Feb 27 23
5.5 Chunbang 18 - 19 Feb 17 33
5.6 Pipal 19 - 20 Feb 32 18
5.1 Hukam April
5.4 Ranma Maikot April
Participant selection criteria were mainly:
i. Working for community development and social protection in the selected VDCs ii. Knowledge of ongoing community development activities in the district iii. Aware of VDC issues iv. Willing to advocate for social protection, community development and child rights
The trainings are being conducted by the participants of the district level training with coordination from Women and Children Offices of respective districts. Presence of VDC Officials during these trainings has enhanced the significance of the training. Each training day has been divided into three sessions. After the training, it is expected that the participants will be able to generate widespread awareness on social protection services at local level and information on how to access such services, issues on child rights, child justice, raising
Figure 7 Participants of Betahani VDC, Banke playing games against child labor exploitation during training
10
standards on child care homes, women’s rights and rights of marginalized communities. For this, following major issue have been included in the training curriculum:
Social security Policy and strategies of Nepal
Special provisions by the Government of Nepal under the social security for vulnerable community, especially
women, children, disabled, senior citizens, marginalized and conflict-affected
Referral mechanism for access of such services
Community based research methodology and its use at local level
Counselling services and contact centres for victims of various discrimination
Focus group discussion method and use
Right to information
In addition to the above topics, some topics like psychosocial counseling, awareness on sanitation, mediation
and about the JFPR Project are also being shared at some venues by the trainers. The trainers were able to
inform the participants about the ongoing radio program on social protection initiated by the project.
After the training, feedback on training content and management was requested from the participants. Of the
trainings held so far, it has been reported and observed through field visits also, that the participants found
the issues very relevant to the local context. They commented that though the issues were known, the training
was successful in giving a whole new picture by linking it to social protection and everyday livelihood. They all
realized the training was able to create a pressure group for better service delivery at the local level. The field
visit and group work during the course also helped them get a practical knowledge on how to interact with
vulnerable beneficiaries and how to deal with sensitive social matters.
Figure 8 Participants attending the training at Motipur, Bardiya district
It was also realized that two days was very short to get better insight of all the issues shared during the training. The
participants have suggested to increasing number of days of the training in future. Regarding group size, it was realized
that group size of fifty was a bit large to manage and should be limited to 30 per training. This training was received by
the locals as an opportunity to clarify their misconception on the benefits available to them, get a clearer idea about
11
local social service delivery system and processes to avail the services. Further, they also recommend that such trainings
should be organized in every VDC and at ward levels (grass root level) so that more people will get awareness on their
rights and benefits.
3.3 Advocacy and Information Materials
To supplement the capacity development initiatives, it was planned to develop information materials. The aim of these
materials is to make people avail of social protection services, social entitlements, and other social benefits provided by
the government, development agencies, and other social organisations in the rural communities by raising their
awareness through various means.
It was expected that the contents of these materials will address questions such as:
What are the existing social protection services and benefits – permanent and temporary – available in the country? Who are entitled to receive such services? What are the necessary official documents one should have? How to access those services? Where to go? Two types of information materials have been produced by the project:
1. Wall Calendars- highlighting state-sponsored social protection benefits 2. Radio Program - A specially tailored live call-in radio programmes and public service announcements (PSA) being aired by the FM stations of five project districts
3.3.1 Wall Calendar
English wall calendars (100 pieces) have been printed and distributed to various national and international
organizations. The calendars provide information on social protection benefits provided by the government to the
following vulnerable groups:
a. School children - Free primary education to children going to government schools
b. Women - Maternity allowance to mothers giving birth in a government hospital
c. Girl child - Benefits to families sending girl child to school
d. Single women - Allowance to widow and single women aged 60 and above
e. Senior citizens - Monthly allowance to senior citizens
f. Differently-abled - Special benefits to differently-abled citizens
3.3.2 Radio Programme
Similarly, to raise awareness on various issues of social protection at project districts, half-hour talk programs are being
aired in six FM stations of five target districts on a weekly basis. See table below for FM stations and timing details.
SN District FM Name
First Month Radio Program
PSA* Timing
Total PSA per day
Total PSA per
month Program Time Day
Repeat on Air Time
Day
1 Bardia Fulbari
7:15, 8:15, 9:15, 10:15 am & 3:15, 4:15, 5:15, 6:15 , 7:15,
9:15 pm
10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 7:30 – 8:00 am Wednesday
2 Rolpa Radio Rolpa 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Wednesday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Friday
3 Rukum Radio Sisne 10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 9:30 – 10:00
pm Saturday
4 Banke Krishnasar FM 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Monday 7:00 – 7:30 am Friday
5 Achham
Ramaroshan FM
10 300 8:30 – 9:00 am Monday 9:15 – 9:45 pm Friday
Panchakoshi 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Sunday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Tuesday
*PSA- Public Service Announcement
12
The topic chosen for the month of February was free primary education and for the month of March it was maternity
benefits. The FMs aired interviews taken with primary school teachers, school management committee members,
students, parents, District Education Officers and concerned personnel in context of free primary education. Similarly,
interviews with officials of district health offices, doctors of Government hospital, families who have used the services
and those who have not yet utilized the services were interviewed so that larger audiences received information on
health benefits provided by the government. In addition, radio jingles relevant to the social protection benefits provided
by the Government of Nepal are being played repeatedly. The radio programs are aired during prime time and thus are
being viewed as a positive step in creating awareness on local issues of social protection.
Component 4: Economic Empowerment
4.1 Revised Program and Budget Approval
The ADB Review Mission of 17 to 21 October 2011 recommended that the revised activities and budget under
Component 4 was endorsed by PSC meeting and approved by the Government of Nepal.
The process for taking approval was initiated and the budget for Fiscal Year 2011/12, Implementation Guideline of the
remaining project activities and guideline for implementation of Community Infrastructure Development Support was
prepared by PMO. The prepared documents were presented and approved by the PSC Meeting held on 29 December
2011. Meanwhile deliberations are ongoing to request budget of the remaining project activities from ADB.
At district level, data collections on disabled members of the beneficiary families are ongoing. The district-PIUs are
interacting on community infrastructures that are felt necessary by the local community.
4.2 Value Chain Research
One of two measurable indicators of the project is increase in incomes of beneficiary families by 10% in first year after receiving assistance, and a further 10% in the following year. Hence right analysis of value-chain, updated market information, and networks to develop market are crucial factors. Therefore, a research on value chain of income generating activities (IGA), taken up by the 4000 project beneficiaries in five target districts, was carried out by a value chain expert mobilized by Adam Smith International. The expert was assigned to:
Identify IGA products of beneficiaries in each of the 5 target districts Carry out research and collect data of main market actors, location of brokers, access, and other
required information Narrow those products down to sub-sectors Design a strategy, based on the above information, to increase selling price
Accordingly, the expert has submitted research report of value chain analysis for goat, vegetable, piggery sector and
handouts for workshop. A consultative workshop will be held in Kathmandu for finalizing the action plan to develop
strategy to increase values of the goods. Also, the workshop will help to develop curriculum of a value chain training
targeted for 31 facilitating NGOs and Women Development Officers from project districts. This in turn is expected to
provide support for conducting Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development Refresher Training to families doing
Income Generating Activities (IGA) in each project VDC.
4.3 Grant distribution and IGAs chosen by families
Of the 4000 identified beneficiaries in 31 target VDCs, 3984 families have received grant support and are doing their
selected income generation activities. Regular monitoring and follow up is being done by district PIUs and facilitating
13
NGO partners on their adopted businesses. Data collected from the VDCs show that 76.6% (3,052 in number – see table
below) of beneficiaries have opted for goat-raising as their IGA. Several monitoring visits have shown that the goats
bought initially have produced offspring. In Terai districts ie Banke and Bardiya, the goats have produced once or twice
depending on the stage of goats bought at the time. The number too has shown growth from 2 to 7 in average. In hilly
districts also, the goat-raising has shown growth from the initial numbers.
Table: District-wise list of major IGAs taken up by 3984 project beneficiaries
S.N. District Goat
Raising Buffalo Raising
Retail Shop
Piggery Vegetable Farming
Poultry Others
1 Achham 686 37 93
31 53 0
2 Banke 440 123 43 37 7 17 17
3 Bardiya 276 76 90 115 10 1 32
4 Rolpa 776 5 4 66 46 2 1
5 Rukum 874 1 2 11 0 0 12
Total 3052 242 232 229 94 73 62
In % 76.61 6.07 5.82 5.75 2.36 1.83 1.56
As shown in above table, the second highest numbers of beneficiaries, i.e. 242 beneficiaries have opted for buffalo
raising, mostly in Banke and Bardiya districts. Retail shop, pig raising, vegetable farming and poultry farming are also
IGAs that were chosen by more than 1% of the families. Other IGAs chosen by some 62 families include tailoring (32),
small tea shops (5), fish farming (6), cycle repair shop (5), ginger farming (10), cow raising (1), meat shop(1), medical
shop(1) and furniture shop(1).
4.3.1 Status on IGA of Beneficiaries
PMO made several visit to project districts during District Level TOT and Civil Society and CBO Course under Component
3. In this process, site visits were also made to monitor progress of the IGA done by beneficiary families. The aim of
these visits was to monitor progress of the beneficiary families receiving grant support. The visits showed that the
families that took up goat-raising were doing good in terms of growth in numbers. Lack of veterinary services was
identified in some of the remote areas of the hilly districts.
It was observed that those families who worked hard and gave proper attention were doing good in their IGA. The
ginger farming chosen by some families of Khara VDC did not show good result due to some disease. However, they are
hopeful of a better result in next season. Some of the beneficiaries had changed the IGA from that they had previously
chosen to goat-raising due to its lucrative result. Several case studies were collected during these visits. Some significant
ones are provided in Annex.
Component 5: Monitoring, Evaluation, Management and Administration
Plan of action and budget for final monitoring and evaluation was prepared and approved from ADB. The evaluation
expert is working on the instruments for the said job.
14
Annex - CASE STUDIES
1. Banke - Budhaya Baniya
Wife is Sushila Baniya who is the representative
beneficiary. They are conflict-affected. The family
is running tea shop for a long time. In his shop he
sells various snacks like pakoda, samosa, chat and
sweets.
During conflict time, their property was looted by
armed dacoits many times and himself was
mistreated by the armed forces. The money
received by the family has been invested in his
teashop for purchase of raw materials and gas
cylinder. For the shop, he pays rent of $ 6.2 per
month and built the shop on his own. Due to his
quality service and good behaviour as well as hard
work, he makes around $ 24.7 to 31 per day of
which profit amounts to $ 6.2 to 7.4. He has two
sons aged 18 and 16 years old, both contributing
their time and effort for the family business.
Therefore too, their investment is giving returns. Beside his sons, he has given employment to two other local youths.
Of the income from the shop, he sets $ 0.6 per day for saving and has been able to save upto $ 222.2 so far. From the
savings, he plans to buy a refrigerator to store cold drinks during summer season and better cupboards to store stuffs.
2. Bardiya – Usha Tharu (Thakurdwara Ward No. 1)
Usha received grant support from JFPR as she falls under vulnerable
family. She is running a tailor shop at Thakurdwara in partnership with
her friend Rajani. Rajani cuts the clothes, which she sews daily. Together
they make $ 2.5 to 3.7 per day. They charge minimal amount for the
service they provide in the village. At present, they stitch clothes given
by the customers. With income they are saving an amount of $ 6.2 per
month individually, after taking necessary amount for their personal
expenses from the profit, keeping aside the shop rent and some saving
for business.
Usha has two kids; son is four and a daughter two years old. Her son is
already admitted in a local English medium school thanks to her income
from the shop. Usha and Rajani have set up a joint account for the shop,
from which they distribute the profit after deducting their expenses.
Figure 10 Usha Tharu working at her tailor shop
Figure 9 Budhaya selling snacks to a local customer while his son cooks onion pakoda
15
Their accounting system and work division is not scientific but currently working fine among friends.
After receiving the grant from the project they have added a new sewing machine that has helped expedite their work.
The orders are also increasing. Within a years' time, they have been increased their savings to $160.5. They are planning
to purchase readymade material and sell it at their tailor shop. They are also thinking of providing training to local
women who face difficulties in going out of the village for training. For this they will need an extra sewing machine. They
have plans for this also.
3. Bardiya - Budhani Chaudhary (Thakurdwara- Ward No 1)
Figure 11 Budhani showcasing her new additions to the shop, bangles and cosmetics from the project grant
Married yet single mother is Budhani Chaudhary living in Thakurdwara VDC of Bardiya district. Her husband is one of
those disappeared during conflict. She is running a retail shop since last seven years at the village to support her three
children: a 15 years old daughter studying at class 5, and two sons aged 12 and 9 studying at a boarding school in grades
6 and 3 respectively. Of the support she received from the project, she used $ 142 ie 96% to add goods in her retail
shop. She bought bangles and cosmetic items used by local women. Her daily sale ranges from $ 3.7 to 4.9, making profit
of $ 1.2 in average. She manages to make a saving of $2.5 per month after covering expenses for her and children. Of
the loan $493.8 she had taken previously, she has only $ 86.4 left to repay. Her next priority is to change mud tiles on
her roof, which have become old and leaky.
Budhani is a hardworking lady and does not want to waste time. In addition to the shop, she works in her four kathha
land, takes care of 3 goats and a piglet she recently acquired. She has attended adult literacy classes in the past but
when asked if she would like to attend further training on her IGA, she says, 'Oh please don't ask me to take any more
trainings, my hands are tied already'.
1 US $ = Approximately NRs. 81 as of 31 March 2012
1
ANNEXES
List of ANNEXES
1. Project Steering Committee Member Ministry
2. Executive Summary of Inception Report
3. PGDSW –
a. Course Curricula
b. Participating Ministry Name list
4. Mid Level TOT - Training Sessions and their evaluation by the participants
5. District Level TOT - Session Plan
6. Civil Society and CBO Courses - Session plan
7. Advocacy and Information Materials
a. Calendar - Photos/slides
b. Radio Media Plan
8. Agenda for HIGH LEVEL ORIENTATION – 9-10 June, 2010
9. Name list of selected NGOs
10. District-wise details on VDC Level Consultative Meetings
11. Baseline Survey Report
12. Case Studies on Project Beneficiaries
13. Final Evaluation Report
14. Photo-gallery of Project Activities
2
Annex 1 – Project Steering Committee Member Ministry
S.N Ministry Role
1. Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare Chairperson – Secretary
2. Ministry of Law and Justice Member
3. Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction Member
4. Ministry of Local Development Member
5. Ministry of Education Member
6. Ministry of Health and Population Member
7. Ministry of Land and Transport Management Member
8. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Member
9. Ministry of Industry Member
10. Ministry of Finance Member
11. Ministry of Home Affairs Member
12. National Planning Commission Secretariat Member
13. Department of Women and Children Member, Secretariat
14. Asian Development Bank Observer
15. UNICEF Observer
3
Annex 2- Executive Summary of Inception Report
Executive Summary
Introduction
1. Using funding from the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and
the Government of Nepal have agreed to a four year project to provide support for vulnerable conflict
affected families and children in five Districts within Nepal.
2. Volume I of this report summarizes the proposed project design and associated background
information underpinning this design, while Volume II provides supplementary supporting data.
3. The project has five components:
(i) Component 1, Design stage. This is now completed. The original design components have
been incorporated into the proposed design, with some adjustments in proposed expenditure.
This report, therefore, provides the output for Component 1. The remaining components include:
(ii) Component 2: Legal support for better service standards, in particular for children in need
of protection.
(iii) Component 3: Capacity development, in particular focused on improving the training of
social workers in Nepal through better (i) national and district planning and management
capacities for better child protection and other social services outcomes; and (ii) training
opportunities for those delivering child and family protection services.
(iv) Component 4 Piloting of quality services, with an outreach to some 4,000 conflict-affected
families and their associated communities, over a range of activities, including (i) those that will
prevent future abuse or exploitation; (ii) provision of finance for investments in sustainable
livelihoods; (iii) decentralized community based family support services, including psycho-social
support; referrals and income-generating assistance.
(v) Component 5 Project management, monitoring and evaluation
(vi) The five Districts and Village Development Committees (VDCs) selected by officials and
politicians and targeted for inclusion in the project are:
Table 1 Target Districts and VDCs
Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum
Bhatakatiya Phattepur Patabhar, Karnali Island Uwa Mahat
Baradadevi Binauna Badalpur Gam Chunbang
Dhaku Gangapur Motipur Jelbang Pipal
Kalagaun Bethahani Dhadwar Kureli Ranmamaikot
Dhakari Naubasta Thakurdwara Talabang Hukum
Kuinka Mahadevpuri Mohamadpur Mirul Khara
Baijapur
Source: District Development Officers
4
Component 2 - Legal Support for Better Standards
4. Since the initial formulation of the project, some progress has been made by other institutions on
the introduction of standards, although agreement on how these should be defined has not yet been
reached. This requirement is still, therefore, under further development, and is the subject of a
government Task Force
Component 3 - Capacity Development
5. Widespread experience with poverty reduction indicates that success requires more than simply
short term financial support for those caught in the poverty trap. It requires increased knowledge on
the part of service providers; improved access to markets; improved infrastructure; increased use of
education services by children; improved access to health services and other development mechanisms
that enable citizens to move away from poverty and into sustainable livelihoods.
6. Given that over 60% of participants in a 200 family sample field survey conducted by the
consultant indicated that they were unsure of many sources of support, the proposed capacity
development initiatives are intended to significantly raise awareness levels of rights; coping strategies
and access to support, in particular at a community level. A “tiered” approach to capacity development
is proposed, including:
(i) A high level diploma course in Social Work, lasting one academic year, with selection based
on open entry or sponsorship by the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare; Central
Child Welfare Board; District Child Welfare Board, Department of Women Development. This will
provide the basis for a high level of professionalism in the future. The project will support the
training course for two academic years.
(ii) A train the trainers (TOT) course targeting middle level District officials who will
subsequently run training courses at District level. This course is seen as a prerequisite to
disseminating wider knowledge of social welfare models, child rights and citizen entitlements at
District and VDC levels. The course will cover a wide range of social welfare and child rights
issues, and will be offered in Kathmandu at a leading institution, to be selected. One such course
will be offered, for a total of 15 delegates, over a period of 15 training days. It will be a
requirement that delegates present shorter duration training courses to other trainees at a
District level.
(iii) VDC leaders training courses. These will build on the information, knowledge and skills
provided to delegates during the TOT training. The courses will be offered in each District to
officials and NGO staff who are interacting regularly at community based organizations (CBOs).
The course will be of six days duration, for 30 participants, and cover similar ground to the TOT
syllabus, but in a more abbreviated format.
(iv) Civil Society and CBO courses. The culminating point in all this training will be the
dissemination of greater knowledge and awareness at grass roots levels. Two day training courses
will be presented by those who have attended the VDC training course. The course will be offered
in 30 VDCs.
(v) In order to address the issue of child rights and quality of children’s homes, two courses will
be offered with information on these topics. The first will be a general sensitization course, of
two days duration, offered in each District, for a total of 150 participants. The second will focus
more specifically on child homes, standards, and enforcement. It will be offered in three Districts
5
only, thus reflecting the distribution of child care homes. It will be of two days duration and will
cover a total of 90 participants.
7. These initiatives will be supplemented by development of resource material and brochures, which
will provide an ongoing source of reference at all levels of society within each District. Manuals will
cover (i) access to public resources; and (ii) support for livelihood improvement. In addition, shorter
pamphlets summarizing key resources will be printed, and awareness will be further increased through
use of media, including radio, advertising and videos.
Component 4 - Piloting Quality Services
8. This component is intended to assist with the economic development of some 4000
disadvantaged families in the target Village Development Committee locations. There are three sub
components: (i) income generating activities; (ii) support for children; and (iii) a small level of support
for emergency health needs at a village level. Overall support will be focused on a limited number of
interventions, in order to maximize the likely impact and avoid spreading support too thinly.
9. Income generating activities are based on:
(i) Enhancing smallholder productivity and competitiveness, with the objective of addressing
issues of food insecurity and creating surplus production which can be used for income
generation. Grants of NRP 12000 per family will be made as part of this strategy
(ii) Promoting livestock based activities, especially for those with limited land ownership. The
family grants will be utilised for livestock and associated training depending on support desired by
the individual families.
(iii) Improvements in market access and increased understanding of, and use of, the value
chain, in order to increase prices paid to producers. This is expected to have a major impact in the
medium term by enabling producers to achieve higher prices for their production
(iv) Promotion of non farm employment and self employment, including improved buyer –
supplier linkages
(v) Investment in physical infrastructure in the social sectors, in order to improve basic
community services, including schools, water and sanitation services etc.
10. Support for children will be based on locally based improvement programs developed by child
care specialists contracted under the proposed grant, including:
(i) Community driven improvements in the standards of children’s homes, based on increased
awareness of what constitutes satisfactory standards
(ii) A family reunification program, focused first on non orphaned children who are currently in
homes, but then extending to orphaned children who have relatives who are prepared to provide
a caring family environment
(iii) Assistance for disadvantaged children with special needs,
(iv) Financial assistance with costs associated with primary school education, such as books,
stationery and school uniforms
(v) Piloting locally resourced primary school education for villages where distance is a major
barrier to school attendance.
6
11. Support in the area of health is limited by the availability of funds. After discussion of possible
options, there has been a general consensus that the most valuable form of support would be for start
up funding for village emergency funds intended to be used at the discretion of community based
organization to meet unplanned medical emergency costs.
Performance Reporting
12. Proposed performance reports will reflect project inputs – primarily expenditure against plan – for
each activity, but more importantly outputs and outcomes – how livelihoods have changed and the
extent to which the project has achieved its objectives. Individual beneficiaries will be “tracked”, to
enable changes in livelihoods to be assessed on a sample basis. A “control group” within the same
locations will also be monitored, to enable an assessment to made of the extent to which benefits to
beneficiaries have changed in comparison to those not receiving support. Monitoring livelihood changes
will be for a period of 24 months following the grant only. However, monitoring the development of the
value chain and buyer – supplier relationships is expected to take longer to implement.
Project Structure and Financing
The consultant proposals for project management structure and flow of funds follows the original
agreement between ADB and the Government of Nepal, and is set out in detail within this Volume of the
report
7
Annex -3a PGDSW Course Curricula
Course Design POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN SOCIAL WORK
2010-2011
St. Xavier’s College
Department of Social Work
Affiliated to Kathmandu University
Maitighar, Kathmandu.
8
COURSE OVERVIEW
St.Xavier’s College of Social Work introduces Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work. This is
fundamentally a multi-disciplinary course drawing theoretical concepts from different social sciences,
keeping social work values and principles at the core. Thus, Social Work education focuses on rather
holistic and integrated method of practice than reductionist approach.
Social Work education is an attempt towards the building up of knowledge base necessary for the
practice (through classes), learning and refinement of skills (through block placement of field work
training) and inculcating necessary ethical and value base ( through various exposure programmes and
constant reflection cum research processes ). Therefore, a Social Work education can play a critical role
in shaping up the overall outlook of an individual, equipping and preparing him/her as an agent of social
change.
This Post Graduate Diploma Course in Social Work is a one year full time course. It concentrates on
professional training. The curriculum comprises three important components: Theory, Field Work and
Research. It enables the students to acquire necessary knowledge of methods and skills of Social Work,
Sociology, Social Psychology, Philosophy, Dynamics of Social Development, Human Rights and Law,
People/Programme Management, Conflict Resolution and practical experience in scientific social
research. To facilitate the above complex professional academic programmes, we follow a praxis
oriented approach which includes independent study, lectures, seminars, research, block placement of
field work training.
As a Xavier Post Graduate Diploma holder in Social Work, he/she will be better trained to practice Social
Work methods and skills gained by a solid theory, practical knowledge, research and evaluation.
Becoming thus far, as professional social workers, they will have the competence and mastery over their
social welfare endeavors and thus contribute to nation building.
COURSE OBJECTIVE
To give senior and middle level managers knowledge and skills to provide policy advice and sector
monitoring expertise across a range of social welfare disciplines.
TARGET
Government officials from various ministries
Department of Women Development
Central Child Welfare Department
From NGOs & others
9
COURSE CURRICULUM:
PAPER - I
SOCIAL WORK -PHILOSOPHY, METHOD AND SETTINGS
I. Introduction to Social Work: Principles. Importance and Relevance of Philosophy to social
work.
• History of Professional Social Work
• Ethics and Values in social work
• Social philosophy for social change- Social reform, Social movement, Social Psychology
• Dynamics of social development, Social mobilization, Community development- traditional,
modern institutions, community participation
II. Nepalese Social structure and social Issues
• Historical foundation of Nepalese society
• Composition of Nepali society
• Inequality and conflict in Nepali society.
• Conflict Analysis , prevention and resolution
• Social protection issues- regarding children, women, vulnerable groups, elderly and marginalized
communities
• Community-based social protection mechanism, Community based care, caring institutions
III. Socio-Economic and Agrarian reform :
• Formal and informal employment.
• Distribution of workers in sectors
• Land ownership and use.
• Literacy rates, educational level of population.
• Agriculture and Environment
• Population, Environment and development
• Bio-diversity and sustainable development
• State of Art.
PAPER – II
LEGAL MECHANISIMS ,HUMAN RIGHTS,CHILD RIGHTS AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS
I. International Justice and Human Rights Law
II. Environmental justice
III. Child Issues , Rights and juvenile Justice
• Child Labor :
• Children in special needs :
• Education of children:
• Provisions in the Constitution of the nation for the Protection of Children.
• UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, MDG.
• Special protocol
• The Children’s Act 2048 (1992)
10
• Child Care Homes Regulations 2051.
• Child Labor Prohibition and Promotion Act 2056(2000)
• Kamaiyas Prohibition Act 2058(2002) Children related Protection and Promotion
Act 2064(2007)
• Adoption of Children: Legal Frame works, Safeguards, Procedures, Rights and
Responsibilities of concerned Sectors, Documents and Follow-ups.
• Juvenile Laws, Children in conflict with Law.
VI. Women Issues and Women Rights:
• Women oppression in general
• Gender discrimination
• Gender Data
• Gender based violence
• Women trafficking , Domestic violence and Dowry
• Women’s empowerment policies
• Gender mainstreaming policies
• UN Convention of the Elimination of all form of Social discrimination against
Women.1969.
• Laws for controlling trafficking and Domestic violence
PAPER – III
POLICIES, PROGRAMS, SUPERVISION AND CONTROL
I. Local Self Government Act 2055 and Regulations 2056
II. Governmental Institutions :
• Government Institutional Framework, its Powers and Functions.
• Central / District Child Welfare Boards
• Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare.
• Ministry of Local Development
• Allied System in Child Protection and their Roles.
III. Gender Policies
IV. Role of informal sectors: INGOs and NGOs :
• Help Line
• Resource Centres for Rescue and Relief
• Types, Conditions, Functionaries and Responsibilities of such centres.
• Networks of Associations, Federations, Roles and Responsibilities for such
cause.
V. State and Civil Society :
• Police
• Media
• Judiciary
PAPER – IV
SKILL DEVELOPMENT OF KEY FUNCTIONARIES
I. Communication Skills: Methods, Instruments, their Effectiveness and Cost in different situations
of Communication.
11
II. Personality and Leadership Traits.
III. Gender Equity and Equality
IV. RRA and PRA Techniques
V. Data Collection, Sampling Techniques, Personal Interview Methods and Participant Observation
VI. Social mapping
VII. GIS, Poverty Mapping Techniques, Managing Information, Maintaining Profile of target groups
of Beneficiaries and Standard Formats of Record Keeping.
VIII. Counseling Methods / Techniques and Focus Group Discussions : Child Psychology, Trauma,
Social / Behavioural / Cultural Factors in Counselling and Problem Definition
IX. Evaluation Processes and Techniques
X. Case Studies :
XI. Setting of Objectives (Long & Short term ) and Measuring of Outcomes.
XII. Institutional Best Practices on Reintegration : Reintegration needs, approaches for conflict
affected, especially children.
XIII. Prevention Strategies : for child Protection, against Domestic Violence and Sexual Abuse.
XIV. Formation of Cooperatives : Basic Financial Management, Assessing Demand,
Role of Middle Persons and Product Quality.
PAPER – V
FIELD WORK (INTERNSHIP) cum RESEARCH PROJECT
I. 2 Week long Field Work Placements, twice a year in various Agencies.
II. Research Project Work is to be based on field work experience/learning, case studies,
participant observations and interactive processes with the target groups.
Subject/Theme of the project is to be decided in consultation with the Faculty and Sponsoring
Agency.
12
Annex 3b- PGDSW – List of Ministry and number of nominees
Name of Ministry Nominee
1. Ministry of Home Affairs 4
2. Ministry of Education 2
3. Ministry of Local Development 1
4. Ministry of Land and Transport Management 1
5. Ministry of Industry 1
6. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives 2
7. Ministry of Finance 1
8. Ministry of Health and Population 2
9. Central Child Welfare Board 2
10. Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare 3
11. Department of Women and Children 6
12. Ministry of Land Reform and Management 1
13. Ministry of Commerce and Supplies 1
14. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1
15. Narayanhiti Palace Museum 1
16. Department of Mines and Geology 1
13
Annex 4: Mid Level TOT - Training Sessions and their evaluation by the participants
Day Training Sessions Very good Good Ok Useful
1 Inauguration and Introduction 2 14 1
Social Protection & Social Protection Floor 7 8 3 1
Legal Provisions in Nepal for Senior Citizens and new Constitution 3 12 1 1
Disability in Inclusive Development 5 9 3 1
2 Project Cycle Management 2 13 2 1
Senior Citizen Income Generation Project Cycle 8 9 1 1
Disability and Social Protection 4 9 5 1
Communication Skills with PWDS 5 11 2 1
3 Mental Health Best Practice 5 11 2 1
Children Women and Social Protection 5 9 1 1
Gender and Social Protection 5 10 3 1
Abuse and Social Protection 5 8 4 1
Meditation and Counseling Skills 5 8 4 1
4 Communication Skills 3 10 4 1
Field Visit 4 9 4 1
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 6 9 2 1
Poverty Mapping 3 10 3 1
5 Monitoring and evaluation 5 10 2 2
Problem Solving Techniques 3 9 5 2
Cooperative 3 9 3 1
Leadership Skills 3 11 2 1
6 Business Models 3 11 3 1
14
Migration and Job Issues 5 10 2 1
Recording and Record Keeping 3 10 4 1
Grant Regulation Procedure 2067 3 9 5 1
7 Child and Human Psychology 2 13 2 1
Problem definition 4 10 2 1
Right to Information 4 10 3 1
Training Evaluation, Feedback, Certification and Closing 4 10 3 1
SN Other Training Aspects Very good Good Ok
1 Overall Training 10 6 1
2 Topics 5 10 1
3 Methods and procedure 3 13 1
4 Training methods 5 11 1
5 Participation of trainee 5 10 1
6 Breakfast, Lunch, Tiffin, Water 3 11 2
7 Training hall and place 6 9 2
15
Annex 5 - District Level TOT on Social Protection Session Schedule
Session Day 1 Session
Timings
Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6
8:15-8:30 Highlights of the day
09:00 -
10:30
Inauguration
and
Introduction
08:30-
10:00
Social Protection of
Conflict-Affected and
other marginalized and
vulnerable group
Introduction to Child Rights
Conventions and national
scenario
Child Abuse and Crimes
Against Children ;
Crimes by children- in
local context
Problem solving
techniques on
different issues
affecting community
Formation of peer
pressure groups
Tea Break - 15 minutes
10:45 -
12:15
Concepts on
Social
Protection
10:15-
11:45
Community based
research methodology
and its use in community
level- (Group formation)
GoN Standards and
Practices of Child Care
Homes
Field study/site visit Case Study and
discussion
Formation of peer
pressure groups
and development
of work
plan/action plan
11:45-
12:45
LUNCH BREAK
1:15 -
2:45
Social
Protection
of Women
12:45-2:15 Communication skill Child and Human
Psychology _
behavioral changes among
children subject to abuse
**Roles and
responsibility to
protect and prevent
rights violation by
families, community,
schools, social
mobiliser and
institutions
Focus Group
Discussion- and
presentation
Formation of peer
pressure groups
and development
of work
plan/action plan
Tea Break Tea Break - 15 minutes Training
Evaluation,
Feedback and
Closing
3:00 -
4:30
Social
protection in
Nepal for
Senior
Citizens and
Disabled
2:30- 4:00 Right to Information Counseling services for
victims- women, children,
conflict-affected,
vulnerable, Psychosocial
and others
Local referral
mechanism and
support agencies- child
rights violations,
women and human
rights violations,
emergency reliefs
Project Monitoring
and Evaluation
Techniques and its
use
4:00-4:30 Wrap Up and Information Flow Tea and Snacks
16
Annex 6- Civil Society and CBO Training Session Plan
Session
Day
10:30 – 11:00 (30
min.)
First
11:00 – 12:30
(1.5 hrs)
Second
12:30 – 2:00
(1.5 hrs)
2:00 – 3:00
(1 hr)
Third
3:00 – 4:30
(1.5 hrs)
Fourth
4:30 – 5:00
(30 min.)
1 Inauguration Social security Policy and
strategies of Nepal
Special provisions by the
Government of Nepal
under the social security
for vulnerable community,
especially women,
children, disabled, senior
citizens, marginalized and
conflict-affected
Te
a B
rea
k
Referral mechanism for access
of such services
Review of the
days topics
2 Review of
previous day and
highlights of the
day
Community based
research methodology
and its use at local level
Counselling services and
contact centres for victims
of various discrimination
Focus group discussion
method and use
Right to information
Review of the
days topics
19
Annex 7 b - Radio Media Plan
SN District FM Name Location
First Month Radio Program
PSA Timing Total PSA
per day
Total PSA
per month Program Time Day Repeat on Air Time Day
1 Bardia Fulbari Bardia
7:15, 8:15,
9:15, 10:15
am & 3:15,
4:15, 5:15,
6:15 , 7:15,
9:15 pm
10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 7:30 – 8:00 am Wednesday
2 Rolpa Radio Rolpa Liwang 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Wednesday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Friday
3 Rukum Radio Sisne Rukum 10 300 7:30 – 8:00 am Sunday 9:30 – 10:00 pm Saturday
4 Banke Krishnasar FM Banke 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Monday 7:00 – 7:30 am Friday
5 Achham
Ramaroshan
FM Mangalsen 10 300
8:30 – 9:00 am Monday 9:15 – 9:45 pm Friday
Panchakoshi Dailekh 10 300 7:00 – 7:30 am Sunday 7:00 – 7:30 pm Tuesday
SN District FM Name
Total
PSA for
6
months
First Month Second Month Third Month Fourth Month Fifth Month Sixth Month
Total
PSA per
day
Total
PSA per
month
Total
PSA per
day
Total
PSA per
month
Total
PSA per
day
Total
PSA per
month
Total
PSA per
day
Total
PSA per
month
Total
PSA per
day
Total
PSA per
month
Total
PSA per
day
Total
PSA per
month
1 Bardia Fulbari 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240
2 Rolpa Radio Rolpa 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240
3 Rukum Radio Sisne 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240
4 Banke Krishnasar
FM 1260 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240
5 Achham
Ramaroshan
FM 660 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240
Panchakoshi 660 10 300 6 180 6 180 6 180 6 180 8 240
PSA- Public Service Announcement
20
Annex 8 Agenda for HIGH LEVEL ORIENTATION – 9-10 June, 2010
Venue: Local Development Training Academy, Jawalakhel, Lalitpur
Participants: Representatives of CDO, LDO and WDOs from 5 target districts
S. N. Activities
DAY 1
1. Welcome and registration
2. Inauguration by Divakar Devkota, Director General of DWC
3. Presentation on Project Introduction by Divakar Devkota, Director General of DWC
4. Presentation on Project Implementation process and major activities by Shanta Bhattarai, Project
Manager/Under-Secretary, DWC
DAY 2
1. Brief recap of the previous day
2. Introduction to Social Protection in reference with JFPR 9110 Project & Introduction activities under
Component 3 by Sangita Nirola, PMSTL, ASI
3. Project Monitoring and Evaluation System by Dr. Govinda Subedi, M&E Expert, ASI
4. Selection process and TOR of Facilitating NGOs by Ratna Kaji Bajracharya, Joint Secretary, MOWCSW
5. Process of budget release, account-keeping, financial reporting and auditing of the project by Badri
Raj Aryal, Finance Head/Under Secretary, DWC
6. Open floor discussion and planning
7. Closing ceremony-
- Opinion from the participants
- Opinion from the organizers
-Expression of thanks by Divakar Devkota, Director General of DWC
21
Annex 9 Name list of selected NGOs
S.N. District Working VDC Name list of Selected NGOs
1
Achham
Baradadevi WADS Nepal
2 Kuinka Tapsi Shanti Samaj Sewa Sangh
3 Bhatakatiya District Redcross Society
4 Kalagaon VIDEC-Nepal
5 Dhakari Women Awareness Center (WAC) Nepal
6 Dhaku Janalibandali Samaj
7
Banke
Fattepur Bageshwori Asal Sashan Club (BAS)
8 Gangapur Multiple Service Center-
9 Binauna Environment and Rural Development Center ENRUDEC
10 Baijapur Awareness Forum on Human Rights (AFHA Nepal)
11 Betahani Trishakti Apangata tatha Dalit Sewa Sangh
12 Mahadevpuri Society Improvement Program (SIP Nepal)
13 Naubasta Society Awareness Concern Forum (SAC Nepal)
14
Bardiya
Mohammadpur NGO Coordination Committee
15 Patabhar Geruwa Rural Awareness Association, Gulariya
16 Thakurdwara Ajarar, Ujyalo
17 Badalpur Creative Society Nepal , Gulariya
18 Motipur
Women for Human Rights, Single Women Group, Gulariya
19 Dhadawar Tharu Women Upliftment Center, Gulariya
20
Rolpa
Gam Peoples Oriented Service Center (POSC)
21 Thabang Greenhill Rolpa
22 Mirul Dalit Women Awareness Center (DWAC) Nepal, Rolpa
23 Kureli Rural Development and Awareness Society Nepal (RUDAS)
24 Uwa Public Service Center Nepal, Rolpa
25 Jelbang Human Rights Awareness Center (HURAC)
26
Rukum
Pipal Nepal Public Awakening Forum (PAF Nepal)
27 Ranmamaikot MIC Nepal
28 Mahat Human Rights Protection and Legal Service Center (HRPLSC)
29 Chunbang Nepal Indigenous Ethnic Concern Center (NIECC)
30 Khara Sisne Youth Club
31 Hukam Christian Society Development Campaign
22
ANNEX 10 District-wise details on VDC Level Consultative Meetings
Table 1: Details of VDC Level Consultative Meetings of Achham
SN VDCs Participants Facilitator
(NGOs) WCO Representatives
Held
on
Total Male Female
1 Kalagaon 50 32 18 Janak Bhandari
(VIDEC Nepal)
Laxmi Shah
Manakala Neupane
20 Sep
2010
2 Bhatkatiya 63 52 11 Debu Bohara
(District Red Cross)
Laxmi Shah Manakala
Neupane
22 Sep
2010
3 Bardadevi 57 44 13
Padam Bhul
(WADS Nepal)
Manakala Neupane
Bhawana Sharma
24 Sep
2010
4 Dhaku 58 49 9
Kulananda Bhandari
(Janalibandali Samaj Kalyan
Sangh)
Manakala Neupane, Prem
Budha
27 Sep
2010
5 Dhakari 75 67 8 Chandra Kunwar
(WAK Nepal)
Manakala Neupane, Prem
Budha
30 Sep
2010
6 Kuika 63 49 14 Bir Bahadur Shahi, (Tapsi
Shanti Samaj Sewa Sangh) Manakala Neupane
22 Oct
2010
TOTAL 366 293 73
Table 2: Details of VDC Level Consultative Meetings of Banke
SN VDCs
Participants Facilitator
(NGOs)
WCO
Representatives Held on
Total Ma
le Female
1 Betahani 23 15 8
Shova Ram Barma, Pabitra
B.K. (Trishakti Apangatatha
Dalit Sewa Sangh)
Bindu Kunwar, Bishnu
Maya Shrestha, Lila
Thapa
15 July
2010
2 Binauna 54 29 25
Bal Kumari Bhusal, Diya
Neupane
(ENRUDEC)
Shova Shah, Bindu
Kunwar, Bishnumaya
Shrestha, Tara Singh
6 July
2010
3 Naubasta 55 41 14
Ram Prasad Sharma, Om
Prakash Sharma (Samaj
Sudhar Karyakram)
Shova Shah, Bindu
Kunwar, Sharada Singh,
Laxmi Bista
9 July
2010
4 Baijapur 50 19 31
Nijala Dhital, Sarala Regmi
( AFA)
Shova Shah, Bindu
Kunwar, Sanu Maya
Shrestha
10 July
2010
5 Mahadevpuri 43 26 17
Krishna Giri, Sarala Regmi
(Samajik Sachetan Manch)
Shova Shah, Bindu
Kunwar, Sanumaya
Shrestha
12 July
2010
6 Fattepur 40 32 8 Namaskar Shah, Ishwor BK,
Pratima Mahat (BAS)
Shova Shah, Bindu
Kunwar, Ghatana Shah
13 July
2010
23
7 Gangapur 67 47 20
Prabhat Singh Thakuri,
Pradeep Sharma, BishunNath
Mishra (Bahumukhi Sewa
Kendra)
BinduKunwar, Sheela
Khadka, Ghatana Shah 8 July
2010
TOTAL 332 209 123
Table 3: Details of VDC-Level Consultative Meetings of Bardiya
SN VDCs Participants Facilitator
(NGOs)
WCO
Representatives Held on
Total Male Female
1 Mahammadpur 35 26 9 Dipendra Kumar Yadav
(NGOCC)
Bharati Shah
Shanta Chand
29 Aug
2010
2 Patabhar 119 59 60 KomalChaudhary(Geruwa
Grameen Jagaran Sangh)
Sheela Shah
Shanta Chand
2 Sep 2010
3 Badalpur 100 75 25 Binod Kumar Agrawal, Laxman
Ghimire (Sirjanshil Samaj)
Sheela Shah
Shanta Chand
3 Sep 2010
4 Dhadawar 107 57 50 Tharu Mahila Uthan Kendra Shanta Chand
Geeta Shahi
7 Sep 2010
5 Thakurdwara 104 35 69 Santoshi Chaudhary, Gauri
Malakar & staffs (Ajarar
Ujyalo)
Bharati Shah
Shanta Chand
13 Sep
2010
6 Motipur 20 15 5 Single Women Group for
Human Rights
Bharati Shah
Shanta Chand
13 Sep
2010
TOTAL 485 267 218
Table 4. Details of VDC-Level Consultative Meetings of Rolpa
S.N. VDCs Participants Facilitator
(NGOs)
WCO
Representatives Held on
Total Male Female
1 Gam 35 27 8 NA* Shanti Shah, Bhim
Bahadur Kunwar 29 Nov 2010
2 Uwa 201 72 129 NA* Shanti Shah, Bhim
Bahadur Kunwar 1 Dec 2010
3 Jelbang 90 73 17 NA* Shanti Shah, Bhim
Bahadur Kunwar 3 Dec 2010
4 Kureli 88 43 45 NA* Gokarna P. Pun,
Bhagawati Gharti 30 Nov 2010
5 Mirul 93 39 54 NA* Gokarna P. Pun,
Bhagawati Gharti 1 Dec 2010
6 Thabang 63 41 22 NA* Gokarna P. Pun,
Bhagawati Gharti 3 Dec 2010
TOTAL 570 295 275
*NA –Not Available (Information not received from WCO)
24
Table 5 Details of VDC Level Consultative Meetings of Rukum
S.N. VDCs Participants
Facilitator (NGOs) WCO
Representatives Held on
Total Male Female
1 Khara 101 60 41
Man B.Khatri (VDC
Secretary); Amarawati
B.K, Sher Bahadur Oli
(Sisne Youth Club)
Bagh Singh Oli,
Bhawana Shah 9 Oct 10
2 Ranmamaikot 31 5 26 Lajim Oli, Hirawati
Budha (MIK Nepal)
Lila Sharma,
Dipesh Sherpali 15 Nov 10
3 Pipal 115 66 49 NA* Bhawana Shah 29 Nov 10
4 Mahat 160 138 22 NA* Seema KC, Sita
Kunwar 2 Dec 10
5 Chunbang 149 71 78 NA* Bagh Singh Oli,
Dipesh Sherpali 3 Dec 10
6 Hukam 49 30 19 NA* Lila Sharma,
Dipesh Sherpali 17 Nov 10
TOTAL 605 370 235
*NA – Not Available (Information not received from WCO)
25
Annex 11 – Baseline Survey Report
Baseline Survey of Project Beneficiary Families
Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rukum and Rolpa Districts of Nepal
September 2010- April 2011
Strengthening Decentralised Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected
Families and Children
JFPR 9110 NEP
Submitted to
Adam Smith International
Dr. Govind Subedi
May 2011
26
Acknowledgement
The Consultant is thankful to Adam Smith International for entrusting to carry out this study of
multiple implications. The Consultant is equally thankful to the Department of Women and Children
and Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare for its kind cooperation and support during the
baseline survey. The Consultant is also thankful to Women and Children Offices of Achham, Banke,
Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum who have coordinated the baseline survey at the local level.
NGOs personnel who collected data also deserve the thanks.
The Consultant would like to pay special thanks to Shanta Bhattarai, Under Secretary of the
Department of Women and Children. Bipa Tuladhar, the Project Officer of Adam Smith
International also deserves thank for her support in carrying out the baseline survey. Sangita Nirola,
the former Programme Management Specialist Team Leader of Adam Smith International also
deserves the thanks.
Last but not least, we are thankful to all the concerned persons whom provided valuable information
and data during this study.
Dr. Govind Subedi
May 2011
27
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................... 26
Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................................. 28
1.1 Objectives of the Baseline Survey ....................................................................................... 28
1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 28
1.3 Organization of the Baseline Survey Report ........................................................................ 30
Chapter 2: Results ...................................................................................................................... 31
2.1 Demographic Situation of the Project Beneficiary Families ................................................ 31
2.2 Economic Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families .................................................... 34
2.3 Social Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families .......................................................... 41
2.4 Awareness on Rights and Sources of Social Security Support ............................................ 45
2.5 Perception on Adequacy Status of Basic Needs Items ......................................................... 46
Chapter 3: Summary and Conclusions ....................................................................................... 50
3.1 Summary of Findings ..................................................................................................... 50
3.2 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 52
28
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Government of Nepal and the Asian Development Bank have agreed to a four-year project
"Strengthening Decentralised Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-Affected Families and
Children" - JFPR 9110 NEP to provide support for vulnerable and conflict affected families and
children in five districts of Nepal. Among others, the project aims to encourage economic
development of 4000 families affected by conflict by identifying suitable opportunities for gainful
income. The Project is implemented by Department of Women and Children, Ministry of Women,
Children and Social Welfare at the central level. At the district level, the project is implemented by
Women and Children Offices in partnership with local non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
Adam Smith International looks at the capacity building, administration, monitoring and evaluation
aspects of the project and this baseline survey has been carried out to establish the baseline
information for assessing the impact of the project in future. The key indicators establish
demographic, economic and social condition of the conflict-affected families.
This baseline survey of Project Beneficiary Families of Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum
was carried out between September 2010 to April 2011. In districts where the beneficiaries were
selected earlier, the survey was done instantly. In Rolpa and Rukum, due to their remoteness,
beneficiary identification process started later and was completed in January 2011. Since the survey
could be started only after identification of the beneficiaries, the survey period expanded by few
months.
1.1 Objectives of the Baseline Survey
• To examine the demographic situation of the project beneficiary families
• To establish the economic conditions – family assets, landholding status, livestock,
livelihood option of the project beneficiary families
• To assess the social condition of the project beneficiary families in terms of literacy and
education status, schooling status of the school going children
• To assess the knowledge of and access to community development programs and social
security among the conflict affected families
1.2 Methodology
This is a cross-sectional baseline survey among the conflict affected people. It will establish the
baseline information of the project beneficiaries (Piloting Quality Services – economic
empowerment) regarding their demographic, economic, social condition. The baseline indicators
will be utilized for evaluating the project achievement.
All program VDCs (or 31 VDCs) in the 5 program districts (Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and
Rukum) were the baseline survey sites.
Table 1.1 Number of beneficiary families, sampled families and families successfully interviewed by
districts
29
District Universe Sampling scheme Interviewed
families No. of
VDCs
Total
beneficiaries
families
Proportion
for sample
Sampled
families
Sampled
families
per VDC
Achham 6 900 0.30 270 45 270
Banke 7 700 0.30 210 30 209
Bardiya 6 700 0.30 210 35 175
Rolpa 6 900 0.30 270 45 269
Rukum 6 900 0.30 270 45 270
Total 31 4000 0.30 1230* 1193*
* The difference of 37 families between sample families and interviewed families is due to non-
response in some of the districts
The total number of families directly supported by the project was taken as the sampling frame for
this baseline survey (Table 1.1). The total number of families supported was obtained from WCO
and NGOs assigned for work in a particular VDC. WCO in collaboration with the different
stakeholders selected the beneficiary families in each VDC.
A two-stage sampling procedure was used in this base line survey. In the first stage, 0.3 fractions of
the beneficiary families were estimated in each district. This produced 270 families in Achham,
Rolpa and Rukum each and 210 families in Banke and Bardiya each. Thus, the total sample size was
1,200 families. In the second stage, the sampling families were distributed for a VDC so that the
diversity of the project beneficiary families can be captured. In districts where there are 6 project
VDCs, 45 families were sampled while in districts with 210 sample families, 30 families from a
VDC was sampled. In the third stage, families were selected using systematic random sampling
procedure from the VDC list of project beneficiaries. For detailed sampling procedure, please refer
to Appendix 1.
Procedure of the Survey
The field workers were hired NGOs who were selected for implementation of the project.
A two days training was conducted to the field workers in each district. In the first day, field workers
were oriented about the thematic issue of the conflict affected families, ways to fill the questionnaire
and ethnic, privacy and confidentiality of the information. In the second day, role play and field tests
were done. The survey questionnaire covered following issues:
Demographic indicators:
• Place of residence - district, VDC, ward number and tole
• Name and sex of head of family
• Caste/ethnic group
• Family size and composition by age and gender
Economic indicators:
• Family assets – landholding, livestock and other assets like Radio, TV, agricultural inputs
30
• Food sufficiency status from own land around the year
• Number of persons employed by occupation according to age and gender
• Number of persons with training and skills for livelihood options
• Main sources of family income
Social indicators:
• Female and male adult literacy rates
• Number of school age children (5-14 years) going/not going to school by gender
• Number of school age children receiving Govt. scholarship by age and gender
• Reasons for not going school/drop out
• Number of school age children by gender involved in child labor
Awareness on Rights and Sources of Support Indicators:
• Number of family members by age and gender involved in social organizations – poverty
alleviation program, women’s empowerment program
• Number of family members involved in school/health post/forest/irrigation management/user
committees in the community/VDC,
• Knowledge and access to information on employment, livelihood options and market centers
• Knowledge and access to government social support schemes like senior citizen allowance,
widow allowance, and conflict affected families.
1.3 Organization of the Baseline Survey Report
This Report is structured in three Chapters. Chapter 1 provides the introduction of the project,
objectives of the baseline survey and methodology. Chapter 2 analyzes the results of the baseline
survey. This chapter is divided into 6 sections. Section one analyses the demographic situation of
survey families; section two explores economic condition of the families; section three analyzes the
social condition; section four assesses whether and to what extent the conflict-affected families have
access to community development programs and their level of participation in such programs. The
final section draws the perception of the respondents on the adequacy of basic needs items both at
the family level and community level. The Final Chapter draws the summary of the findings and
makes conclusions.
31
Chapter 2
Results
2.1 Demographic Situation of the Project Beneficiary Families
Table 2.1 summarizes the demographic situation of the project beneficiary families. The total sample
population of the total surveyed 1193 families consists of 6,369 with 3175 males and 3194 females.
The overall sex ratio is 100.6 i.e. there are 100 females per 100.6 males. However, the sex ratio is
fairly low in Rukum (92.4 females per 100 males), and in Bardiya (98.4 females per 100 males)
districts. On the other hand, there are 114 females per 100 males in Rolpa district.
The average family size of the sampled families is at par with the national average. However, it is
almost one-family member higher in Achham (6.3) district and one-family member lower in Rolpa
district (4.4).
The age-structure of the sampled population shows fairly high proportion of child population. The
proportion of children aged 0-4 consists of nearly 9 per cent. Child population is much higher in hill
districts compared to the Terai districts. Similarly, 27 per cent of the total population consists of 5-14
years – a school going age population. This proportion is slightly higher in Banke and Rukum vis-à-
vis the average figure.
Table 2.1 Overview of demographic situation of the study population
Indicators Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Age-structure
0-4 9.7 7.5 6.5 9.4 9.8 8.8
5-14 26.3 28.2 26.3 26.0 28.2 27.0
15-59 56 56.5 62.4 55.3 55.8 56.9
60+ 8 7.8 4.8 9.3 6.2 7.3
Sex
Male 849 558 501 547 697 3175
Female 850 580 493 623 644 3194
Total 1699 1138 994 1197 1341 6369
Sex ratio (females per
100 males) 100.1 103.9 98.4 113.9 92.4 100.6
Average family size 6.3 5.4 5.7 4.4 5.0 5.3
No. of families 269 209 175 269 270 1193
Caste/Ethnic Groups
Table 2.2 illustrates the distribution of sample families by caste/ ethnic groups in survey districts.
The caste/ethnic categorization has been made on the basis of prevailing sociological categories of
Nepal. Government of Nepal has categorized Dalits (hill or Terai), Janajati (hill or Terai) and
Muslims as disadvantaged groups in Nepal
In the survey areas, there are diverse ethnic/caste groups with distinct socio-economic
characteristics. In Achham district, two-thirds of the families consist of Brahmin/Chhetri and one-
32
fourth are of Hill Dalits. The Hill Janajati consists of 6 per cent of the total families. In Bardiya
district, an overwhelming majority of families are Tharus (72%), followed by Brahmin/Chhetri
(14.3%). One family falls in Muslim caste group whereas four families are of Hill Janajati. In Banke
district, majority of families are of Brahman/Chhetri (29.2%) followed by Tharu (25%) and Terai
caste group (10%). The family of unidentified group constituted 7.7 per cent.
Table 2.2 Percentage distribution of sample families by caste ethnic groups
Caste/ethnic group Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Brahman/Chhetri 65.2 29.2 14.3 2.2 27.8 28.8
Hill Janajati 6.3 8.1 2.3 74.3 42.6 29.6
Tharus 0.0 24.9 72.0 0 0 14.9
Hill Dalits 25.2 8.6 4.0 23.4 29.6 19.8
Muslims 0 8.6 0.6 0 0 1.6
Terai caste groups 0 10.0 3.4 0 0 2.3
Terai Dalits 0 2.9 1.7 0 0 0.8
Unidentified group 3.3 7.7 1.7 0 0 2.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
Majority of families in Rukum are Hill Janajati (43%). The second largest group is Hill Dalit (30%)
and Brahman/Chhetri consists of 28 per cent. In Rolpa, nearly three-fourths of the families are Hill
Janajati and Dalit covers 23 per cent of the total sample families.
Status of Disability
Table 2.3 presents the percentage distribution of population by status of disability. Overall, a total of
408 or 6 per cent of population consists of at least one type of disability. Physical disability stands
out to be the prime type of disability in the surveyed families. Sight related disability and listening
related disability are of noticeable.
The status and types of disability do not differ markedly across the districts. Yet the extent of
physical disability is more prevalent in Rukum (4.4%) and it is lower in Achham district (1.5%).
Similarly, ratios of population with listening and speech related disability, mental and multiple
disabilities are lower in all districts.
Table 2.3 Percentage distribution of sample population by districts, according to disability status
Disability status Achham Bardiya Banke Rukum Rolpa Total
No disability 96.5 93.4 94.6 91.8 90.8 93.6
At least one disability 3.5 6.6 5.4 8.2 9.2 6.4
Number of disabled persons 59 66 61 110 110 408
Types of disability
Physical disability 1.5 2.6 2.4 4.4 2.9 2.7
Sight related 0.3 1.7 1.0 1.4 2.3 1.2
Listening related 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.6 1.5 1.0
Listening and speech related 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.7
Mental disability 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.4
33
Multiple disability 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Population 1,699 994 1,138 1,341 1,197 6,369
Categorisation of Vulnerable Beneficiaries
Table 2.4 presents the distribution of families surveyed to be whether or not directly affected by
conflict. More than two-thirds (68%) of the families surveyed come from the conflict-affected
families while the remaining come from the vulnerable and poor families. The other categories of the
vulnerable families were: very poor, death of a family member due to HIV/AIDS, disability, single
women, mentally ill, death of a family member abroad, death of a family member due to accident,
disadvantaged groups, families taking care of orphans and death of a family member due to wildlife.
Table 2.4 Distribution of families surveyed by status of conflict-affected
Categories Achham Bardiya Banke Rukum Rolpa Total
Conflict-affected families (in
number)
247 104 139 173 150 813
Vulnerable and poor families (in
number)
23 71 70 97 119 380
% of conflict-affected families out
of total families surveyed
91.5 59.4 66.5 64.1 53.8 68.1
Of conflict-affected families (in %)
Partially affected 64.0 15.4 17.3 45.7 29.3 39.5
Severely affected 36.0 84.6 82.7 54.3 70.7 60.5
Among severely affected (in %)
Family member killed 4.5 21.2 18.7 23.7 40.7 19.8
Family member
arrested/abducted/torture
11.7 25.0 39.6 21.4 7.3 19.4
Family member displaced 17.8 6.7 17.3 2.9 17.3 13.0
Family member disappeared 1.2 28.8 7.2 6.4 4.7 7.5
Family member injured 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.5
Lost property 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
In all the surveyed districts, the proportion of conflict-affected families is higher than families
vulnerable due to other reasons. An overwhelming majority of the conflict-affected families were
selected in Achham district (91.5%) and the least in Rolpa district (54%).
Further, of the conflict affected families, 60.5 per cent were severely affected by conflict on the
whole. This holds particularly true in case of Bardiya, Banke and Rolpa districts. Among the
families of conflict victims, the highest proportion constitute families which have at least one
member killed (20%), followed by family member arrested/abducted and tortured (19%), displaced
(13%) and disappeared (7.5%). The highest proportion of the surveyed families in which at least one
member had died in conflict, was in Rolpa district; in Banke, it was arrest/abduction/torture (40%);
in Bardiya, it was disappearance (29%), and in Achham, it was displaced (18%).
Status of Headship
34
Table 2.5 shows the percentage distribution of sample families by sex of the family head. Out of
1193 families, about 62 percent are headed by males and 38 percent by females. With respect to
districts, half of the families in Bardiya is headed by females and nearly 46 per cent each in Banke
and Rolpa. The proportion of families headed by females is unusually high in all districts except in
Achham compared to the national figure of 16 to 17 per cent. The unusually higher proportion of
families headed by females may be attributed due to death or disappearance of male members from
the family.
Table 2.5 Percentage Distribution of Sample Families by the Sex of the Family Head
Sex of the family
head Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum
Total
Male 78.5 54.5 49.1 54.3 65.6 61.6
Female 21.5 45.5 50.9 45.7 34.4 38.4
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
Migration
People migrate elsewhere to sufficiently improve their livelihood. The incidence of migration in all
the five district is 15 per cent with 18 per cent for males and 16 per cent for females. Female
migration is the highest in Rukum (21%), followed by Banke (16%) while it is the lowest in Bardiya
(9%). Note that the incidence of male migration is higher across all the districts except in Banke
(Table 2.6).
Table 2.6 Distribution of sample population 5 years and above by migration status
Migrants Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Non-migrants (in number)
Total 1441 959 878 1032 1040 5350
Male 689 451 428 488 533 2589
Female 751 508 450 544 507 2760
Migrants (in number)
Total 258 107 116 165 301 947
Male 160 72 73 86 164 555
Female 99 179 43 79 137 537
% migrants to the pop of 5
year and above
Total 15.2 19.2 11.7 13.8 22.4 15.0
Male 18.8 12.4 14.6 15.0 23.5 17.7
Female 11.6 15.7 8.7 12.7 21.1 16.3
Among the migrants of five districts, 62 percent send some remittances to their homes during the last
12 months of the survey.
2.2 Economic Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families
35
2.2.1 Ownership of House and Types of House
In the sampled families, 5.5 per cent to the sample families do not have their own houses or are
living in a house which is not owned by them. This category of families in the sample is the houses
that are built in other's land. Among the districts, 9 per cent of families in Bardiya, 8 per cent in
Rolpa have no ownership of houses (Table 2.7).
Table 2.7 Percentage distribution of sample families by status of own house
Owned House Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Yes 97.8 94.7 91.4 92.2 95.2 94.5
No 2.2 5.3 8.6 7.8 4.8 5.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
13. Construction Materials of Roof
Majority of families (40%) have used straw as construction materials for roof (Table 2.8). This
implies that these are the very poor families. This proportion is much higher in Rolpa and Rukum
while it is the lowest in Achham. The comparable proportion of families making roof by using mud
tile, corrugated sheet, and concrete is fairly lower (13.2%, 10.7% and 2.1 % respectively).
Table 2.8 Percentage distribution of sample families by the construction material of the roof
Construction
material of roof Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Straw 18.1 37.3 34.9 58.7 48.9 40.1
Corrugated sheet 1.5 6.7 20.0 8.6 19.3 10.7
Mud Tile 0.0 38.8 42.3 0.0 0.7 13.2
Stone 80.4 1.0 0.0 32.7 30.7 32.7
Concrete 0.0 9.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 2.1
Others 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
Among the survey districts, it is noteworthy that nearly 59 percent of families make roof of straw in
Rolpa district. In Achham, more than 80 percent of families make roof of stone. The majority of
families in Bardiya district utilize mud tile in making roof (42.3%) whereas no families use roof of
mud tile in Achham, Rolpa and Rukum.
Construction Material of Wall
Four-fifth of the houses is found to be made of mud and stone in the sample families (Table 2.9).
There were 4 per cent of the houses made of bamboo and 7 per cent houses use brick as wall. An
overwhelming majority of houses are made of mud and stone in Rolpa, Rukum and Achham districts
(99.3%, 98.1 and 98.1 % respectively).
Table 2.9 Percentage distribution of sample families by the construction material of the house
Construction Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
36
material of house
Mud and stone 98.1 47.4 33.1 99.3 98.1 80.0
Wood 1.1 13.4 3.4 0.7 1.9 3.7
Bamboo 0.7 15.3 10.9 0.0 0.0 4.4
Brick 0.0 23.0 20.6 0.0 0.0 7.0
Others 0.0 1.0 32.0 0.0 0.0 4.9
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
2.2.2 Land Ownership and Livestock Possession
Among the surveyed families, 21 per cent were landless (Table 2.10). This proportion is much
higher in Bardiya (33%) and Banke (29%) districts compared to other districts. Thus, proletarisation
of landlessness is much higher in Terai region compared to the hills ones. Among the families with
some land, majority of families are marginal holders (less than 0.5 ha).
Table 2.10 Percentage distribution of sample families by the ownership of land
Ownership of land
to the family Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Yes 85.9 70.8 67.4 81.8 81.9 78.7
No 14.1 29.2 32.6 18.2 18.1 21.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
Livestock
In rural setting, the higher the number of livestock in a family the better the livelihood options.
Table 2.11 presents the livestock status of the surveyed families. In the survey, nearly 64 per cent of
families have at least one cattle. The average number of cattle per family is nearly two (cow, bull
and oxen). The proportion of families with at least one cattle is the highest in Rolpa (80%) and
lowest in Bardiya (39%).
Table 2.11 Livestock status
Livestock Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Cattle
% of families with at least
one cattle 75.9 40.2 38.9 79.6 70.7 63.9
Sum of cattle 463 199 141 911 617 2331
Average number per family 1.71 .95 .81 3.39 2.29 1.95
Buffalo
% of families with at least
one buffalo 55.9 31.6 37.1 16.4 34.8 35.2
Sum of buffalo 218 123 134 79 173 727
Average number per family .81 .59 .77 .29 .64 .61
Goat/ Sheep
% of families with at least
one goat/sheep 40.7 49.3 49.7 48.3 43.0 45.8
Sum of goats/sheep 396 347 271 599 538 2151
37
Average number per family 1.47 1.66 1.55 2.23 1.99 1.80
Pig
% of families with at least
one pig 1.5 14.4 36.6 18.2 8.5 14.2
Sum of pig 13 48 82 64 37 244
Average number per family 0.05 .23 .47 .24 .14 .20
Duck/Chicken
% of families with at least
one duck/chicken 29.6 22.5 62.3 71.4 43.0 45.6
Sum of duck/chicken 319 428 565 1079 480 2871
Average number per family 1.18 2.05 3.23 4.01 1.78 2.41
With regard to domestication of buffaloes, 35 percent of families have at least one buffalo. The
proportion of families with at least one buffalo is highest in Achham and the lowest in Rolpa (55.6%
and 16.4% respectively).
More than 45 percent of families have at least one goat/sheep. On an average, there are 1.8
goat/sheep in a family in five districts. The proportion of families with at least one goat/sheep is
highest in Bardiya and lowest in Achham (48% and 41% respectively). Only 14 percent of families
raise pigs, with considerable proportion of families in more in Bardiya (37%) and the least in
Achham (1.5%).
In survey districts, more than 45 per cent of families have at least one duck/chicken. There are 2.41
ducks/chickens per family in five districts. On the other hand, the proportion of families with at least
one duck/chicken is the highest in Rolpa and lowest in Banke.
2.2.3 Other Family Assets
Data on families' facility reveal that majority of sample families are poor families (Table 2.12). Only
45 per cent families possess radio. There are less than one-fourth of the families with
telephone/mobile phone and cycles in the survey districts. The proportion of families who have
television and sewing machine is even lower (6 % and 5% respectively).
The possession of means of communication (ownership of radio, TV, Telephone/Mobile) markedly
varies by district. Among the district, the highest proportion of families possessed radio is in Banke
(58%) and followed by Bardiya (44%). More than two-thirds of the families in Banke and Bardiya
have bicycles. The access to telephone and mobile is least in Rukum (11.5%) district.
Table 2.12 Percentage distribution of sample of population families by family facilities
Family facility Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Radio 43.3 58.4 44.0 41.6 41.1 45.2
Television 0.4 15.3 18.9 0.7 3.0 6.4
Sewing Machine 1.5 6.7 16.0 2.6 3.7 5.3
Cycle 0.0 68.4 69.1 0.0 0.0 22.1
Telephone/Mobile 13.0 53.1 48.6 16.0 11.5 25.6
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
38
2.2. 4 Access to Public Utility Services
Access to Main Sources of Drinking Water
The access to safe drinking water facilities is catalytic factor for maintaining the provisions of
hygiene and sanitation. The access to source of drinking water among the families of five districts is
presented in Table 2.13. Out of 1193 families more than half of the families have access to tap water
for drinking and domestic purpose (about 51%) while the lower proportion of families have access to
pipe water (29%).There are lower proportion of families who have excess to tube-well and well
(9.2% and 8.9% respectively).
Table 2.13 Percentage distribution of sample families by main sources of drinking water
Main sources of
Drinking Water Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum
Total
Piped-water 33.7 2.4 5.1 39.0 50.0 28.9
Tube-well 0.0 37.3 18.9 0.0 0.0 9.3
Tap 54.8 57.4 73.7 39.8 38.1 50.9
Well 11.5 2.9 2.3 12.6 11.5 8.9
River 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.4 2.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
The piped water is considered to be safe for drinking purpose. The provision of piped water is found
moderately higher in Rukum (50%) followed by Rolpa (39%).The situation of access to safe drinking
water (i.e piped water) is substantially poor in Banke district (2.4%) followed by Bardiya (5.1%). The
predominance of families from Bardiya district consumes water from tap (73.7%) and followed by
Banke and Achham (57.4% and 54.8% respectively). The access to safe drinking water differs
significantly between the districts.
Access to Toilet Facility
The access of toilet facility is one of the good provisions of hygiene and sanitation. Table 2.14
reveals the proportion of families by type of toilet used in five districts. Overall, more than three-
fifths of the families do not have toilet facility i.e. they use open toilet for defecation. On the other
hand, there are 14 and 9 per cent of families using pit toilet and pit toilet with water throw facility,
respectively. Among five districts understudy, an overwhelming proportion of families in Rolpa
make use of open toilet (88%) and followed by Rukum (84%) and Banke (79%).
Table 2.14 Percentage distribution of sample families by the types of toilets used
Types of Toilet
used Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Open Toilet 57.0 78.9 72.6 88.1 84.1 76.3
Pit toilet 10.0 8.1 17.1 5.9 8.1 9.4
Pit with water
throw 33.0 12.9 10.2 5.9 7.8 14.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
39
Main Sources of Light
Table 2.15 reveals the distribution of families by source of light. Majority of families in the sample
area use wood as main source of light (36%) while one-fifth have access to electricity and another
one-fifth consumes kerosene as source of light. In rural hilly districts, use of solar system as an
alternative source of light is encouraging (17%). Among the study districts, use of electricity is
somewhat satisfactory in Bardiya (48%).
Table 2.15 Percentage distribution of sample families by the main source of light
Main source of
light Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Electricity 4.8 26.8 48.0 18.6 15.6 20.5
Kerosene 3.0 54.5 42.3 7.1 9.3 20.1
Wood 70.4 8.1 1.1 42.0 43.0 36.7
Solar 19.6 10.5 4.0 27.1 18.5 17.2
Bio-gas 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1
Others 2.2 0.0 4.0 5.2 13.7 5.4
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
2.2.5 Food Sufficiency Status
Food sufficiency is a state in which all family members have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious
food to meet their dietary needs and healthy life. Table 2.16 shows the food sufficiency status by
districts. In the survey, only 9 per cent families have food sufficiency from their own production for
all the family members around the year. Among the families with food deficiency status, 15 per cent
have 1-3 months food deficiency, 31 per cent for 4-6 months deficiency, 26 per cent for 7-9 months
deficiency and 26 per cent 10-12 months deficiency. Conversely, more than one-fourth (26%)
families have only food sufficiency only for three months and nearly 44 per cent of the families have
food sufficiency for less than six months. Thus, the food security situation among the families of five
districts is extremely poor.
Table 2.16 Percentage distribution of Sample Families by the food sufficiency status
Food sufficiency
status Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Food sufficiency 0.7 25.8 20.6 3.7 5.2 9.7
1-3 months 15.2 6.2 5.7 26.4 17.8 15.3
4-6 months 37.8 22.0 18.9 33.8 37.0 31.2
7-9 months 25.6 8.6 12.0 13.4 23.7 17.4
10-12 months 20.7 37.3 42.9 22.7 16.3 26.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
Food sufficiency status markedly varies by survey districts. A relatively better condition is found in
Banke (26%) and Bardiya (21%) districts compared with other districts. On the other hand, nearly all
40
families in Achham have food deficiency around the year. In Bardiya, Banke and Rolpa, nearly 43
percent, 38 per cent and 23 per cent of families have food sufficiency only for three months.
2.2.6 Main Sources of Livelihood for the Family
More than 65 per cent of population of Nepal depends on agriculture for their livelihood (Table
2.17). In the survey families, 53 percent of families depend on earnings from agriculture while one-
third depend upon daily wages in non-agriculture sector. Here non-agricultural economic activities
mainly include construction laborers, potering and carpentering. There are tremendously lower
proportion of families receiving earnings from small cottage industry, service, business, foreign
employment and animal husbandry. In case of Rolpa district, there are equal proportions of families
who get return from agriculture (48.7%) and daily wage in non-agricultural occupation (48.7%) for
their livelihood.
Table 2.17 Percentage distribution of Sample Families by Family’s main income sources
Main Occupation Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Agriculture 58.1 60.8 36.6 48.7 57.0 53.1
Animal husbandry 4.4 3.3 2.9 1.5 3.3 3.1
Small cottage industry 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1
Service 1.1 1.4 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.8
Foreign employment 2.2 6.2 4.0 0.4 1.1 2.5
Business 3.3 4.3 5.1 0.4 0.4 2.4
Daily wage in
agriculture 4.4 6.7 16.0 0.4 3.7 5.4
Daily wage in non-
agriculture 26.3 17.2 33.1 48.7 34.4 32.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
The proportion of families depending upon agriculture as the main livelihood varies by districts.
Almost 61 per cent of families in Banke, 58 per cent in Achham, 49 per cent in Rolpa and 37 per
cent in Bardiya depend on agriculture. There are no families receiving income from service in
Rukum and Rolpa. In Banke district, it is observed that relatively higher percentage of families
making income from foreign employment (6.2%) and this is followed by in Bardiya (4%).
2.2.7 Preferred Family Occupation
In the baseline survey, the respondents were enquired what occupation they would prefer to engage
in if any support is provided for (Table 2.18). Majority of families prefer to goat raising (47%). This
particularly holds in hill districts. The second highest preferred occupation is retail sales (16%),
especially in Bardiya, Banke and Achham districts. There are few families perceiving that they
would earn a better living through occupational skill development. In Banke district, 31 percent
families prefer to milk products as a family occupation while it is 11 per cent in Bardiya district.
Table 2.18 Percentage distribution of sample families by preference of family occupation for better livelihood
41
Preference of family
occupation Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Goat raising 60.4 23.9 16.6 61.7 55.6 46.8
Retail sales 18.9 21.1 29.7 10.8 6.7 16.3
Milk products 3.0 31.1 11.4 0.7 0.4 8.0
Pigs raising 0.0 7.2 13.7 8.2 4.8 6.2
Vegetable farming 7.4 4.8 7.4 6.7 3.3 5.9
Sewing 4.8 7.7 8.6 4.8 4.1 5.7
Not reported 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 20.7 4.8
Chicken raising 4.4 3.3 8.6 4.1 1.5 4.1
Occupational skill
development 1.1 0.5 1.7 2.2 0.4 1.2
Furniture making 0.0 0.5 1.7 0.7 2.6 1.1
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
2.3 Social Condition of the Project Beneficiary Families
2.3.1 Female and Male Literacy Rates
In order to examine the literacy rates of the surveyed families, all the family members aged 6 years
and above were asked whether or not they could read and write in any language. Two indicators of
literacy rates – overall literacy rates and adult literacy rates are presented in Table 1.19. The former
is defined as the number of 6 years and above population who can read and write in any language to
the total population of 6 years and above. The latter is defined as the number of persons aged 15
years and above who can read and write to the total population of 15 years and above.
Table 2.19 Percentage distribution of population aged 6 years and above and adult literacy rate (15 years and
above) by sex and districts, 2010.
District 6 years and above Adult literacy rate(15 years and above)
Male Female Total Literate
females
per 100
males
Male Female Total Literate
females
per 100
males
Achham 82.4 63.1 72.6 79 77.8 50.2 63.8 67
Banke 79.6 63.9 71.6 83 74.4 51.1 62.4 72
Bardiya 71.1 55.2 63.1 78 60.4 41.5 50.6 74
Rolpa 76.0 56.7 66.0 81 69.3 45.3 56.5 74
Rukum 65.3 51.7 58.8 72 56.7 39.9 48.5 67
Total 75.2 58.5 66.8 79 68.4 45.9 56.9 70
The overall literacy rate (6 years and above population) of the surveyed families is estimated to be
67 per cent which is almost equal to the national average. The literacy rates are much higher in
Achham and Banke districts.
The adult literacy rate is 57 per cent. Among the districts, Rukum has the lowest adult literacy rate.
Data also reveals that gender variation in literacy rates prevails across the districts. Overall, 70 adult
42
females per 100 adult males are literate in the survey area. Gender variation is much higher in
Achham and Rukum districts.
2.3.2 Educational Attainment
Among the study districts the proportion of population aged 6 years and above who are just literate
is highest in Rolpa (24%) and followed by Achham (20.9%), and the lowest is found in Bardiya
(12.7%) and followed by Banke (13.2%).The percentage of population achieved primary education
is highest in Rukum (51.1%), followed by Bardiya (43.1%), and lowest in Achham (35.5%). The
ratio of population who has lower secondary education is highest in Rolpa (15.6%) and lowest in
Achham (10.2%). The ratio of population who attained secondary level of education is found highest
in Banke (23.4%) and higher education is highest in Achham (11.5%), and the corresponding figures
are lowest in Rolpa (10.3%) (Table 2.20).
Table 2.20 Percentage distribution of sample population 6 years and above by educational attainment, 2010
Educational level Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Total
Just Literate 20.9 13.2 12.7 24.0 14.0 17.5
Primary 35.5 39.4 43.1 49.4 51.1 42.8
Lower Secondary 10.2 13.6 15.1 11.6 15.6 12.8
Secondary 22.0 23.4 19.2 10.3 14.7 18.4
Higher Education 11.5 10.4 9.8 4.7 4.6 8.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 1093 734 582 700 699 3808
Males
Just Literate 19.0 11.0 14.4 20.9 16.7 16.7
Primary 30.8 39.9 41.3 52.2 48.4 41.4
Lower Secondary 10.7 12.5 15.3 10.1 14.5 12.3
Secondary 24.4 26.4 19.9 11.9 15.2 20.1
Higher Education 15.1 10.2 9.2 4.9 5.2 9.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 610 401 327 387 407 2132
Females
Just Literate 23.2 15.9 10.6 27.8 10.3 18.4
Primary 41.4 38.7 45.5 46.0 54.8 44.7
Lower Secondary 9.5 15.0 14.9 13.4 17.1 13.5
Secondary 18.8 19.8 18.4 8.3 14.0 16.2
Higher Education 7.0 10.5 10.6 4.5 3.8 7.2
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 483 333 255 313 292 1676
The ratio of female population who attained primary education is highest in Rukum (54.8%) and
followed by Rolpa (46%). The corresponding figure of males is highest in Rolpa (52.2%) and
followed by Rukum (48%). The ratios of female population who achieved both secondary and higher
level education are highest in Banke district (19.8% and 10.5% respectively).
2.3.3 Schooling Status of Children Aged 5-14 Years
43
Data reveals that an overwhelming majority of children (91%) are reported to be currently attending
schools. This holds for both sexes. For example, overall 9 per cent of children have not been
currently attending school (either never enrolled in schools or dropped out). The proportion of not
currently attending school is higher for girls over the boys. Among the districts under study, more
than one-fourth of children aged 5-15 are not currently attending school with girls 31 per cent and
boys 21 per cent (Table 2.21).
Table 2.21 Distribution of children aged 5 - 14 years by schooling status
Indicators Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Total
Attending (in number) 386 271 237 249 267 1410
Not attending (in number) 19 2 9 14 92 136
% not attending 4.7 0.7 3.7 5.3 25.6 8.8
Boys
Attending (in number) 192 131 132 129 154 738
Not attending (in number) 8 1 3 5 42 59
% not attending 4.0 0.8 2.2 3.7 21.4 7.4
Girls
Attending (in number) 194 140 105 120 113 672
Not attending (in number) 11 1 6 9 50 77
% not attending 5.4 0.7 5.4 7.0 30.7 10.3
Note: 5 cases from Rukum did not report so they are not shown in the Table.
Reasons for not Attending School
Table 2.22 summarizes the reasons for children not attending schools. Poor economic condition
(26.9%) stands out to be the major reason where as even the parents are not willing to send children
to school (18% children not attending school because of this reason). The third important reason is
the heavy workload at home (13%), the fourth reason is that the schools are too far (6%).
More girls over boys are not attending schools because of poor economic condition (27.4%) and no
desire of parents (24.7%). Some girls are not attending in school due to fail in examination, school
too far and disability/sickness.
Table 2.22 Percentage distribution of children aged 5-14 years reasons for not attending schools
Reasons for not attending Boys Girls Total
Work at home 15.8 11.0 13.1
Far school 5.3 6.8 6.2
No desire of parents 8.8 24.7 17.7
Failed in examination 3.5 11.0 7.7
No good school environment 0.0 1.4 0.8
Too small 35.1 15.1 23.8
Disabled/sick 5.3 2.7 3.8
Poor economic condition 26.3 27.4 26.9
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 57 73 130
Note: 6 cases did not report so they are not shown in the Table.
44
Status of Children who are not Attending School
If children are not attending school, what do they do? This is summarized in Table 2.23. Out of 136
children currently not attending schools, 45 per cent are helping at family work. This proportion is
particularly high for girls (54.5%) over boys (25%). Another one-third of children not attending
school are idle children (neither work nor go to school) and remaining 21 per cent are working
outside of the family. The major type of works in which the children are involved, outside of their
house, is as helper in hotel, domestic worker, vehicle cleaner and as helper at construction sites.
Table 2.23 Percentage distribution of children aged 5- 14 years who have not attended school by their current
working status, 2010.
Working Status of Children Boys Girls Total
Family work 33.9 54.5 45.6
Work outside house 20.3 20.8 20.6
Idle 45.8 24.7 33.8
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 59 77 136
Types of work in which children
are engaged
Helper at hotel 25.0 6.3 14.3
Domestic worker 41.7 50.0 46.4
Work as vehicle cleaner 16.7 6.3 10.7
Helper at construction sector 0.0 6.3 3.6
Don't know 16.7 31.3 25.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 12 16 28
Status of Receiving Scholarship
In our sample population, only 7.7 percent of children who attended schools in the last academic
year received some scholarship (Table 2.24). Girls receiving scholarship is almost twice than that of
boys who received scholarship. Note that the Government of Nepal has scholarship program for all
Dalit children, children of highly marginalized ethnic groups and girls in primary education. Even
with the Government provision of scholarship, large number of children are reported not getting any
scholarship scheme in the surveyed families.
Table 2.24 Percentage distribution of children aged 5 -14 years by status of receiving scholarship in the last
academic year (for all districts)
Received scholarship in the 12
months
Boys Girls Total
Yes 4.8 10.8 7.7
No 95.2 89.2 92.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 672 651 1323
45
2.4 Awareness on Rights and Sources of Social Security Support
2.4.1 Participation of Family Members in Community Development Programs
In order to understand the families' involvement in the social and development programs, a question
was asked whether or not any of the family members are currently involved in forest users group,
safe-drinking water group, poverty alleviation program, banking program, women empowerment
program and school management committee.
In Achham, majority of families whose family members are involved in community development
programs are mainly involved in forest user groups (56.6%). More than 95 per cent of families are
not involved in users groups of safe drinking water, poverty alleviation, banking, and women
empowerment programs (Table 2.25).
Table 2.25 Percentage of families with member of community development programs
Districts Community
forest users
group
Safe
drinking
water
Poverty
alleviation
program
Banking
program
Women
empowerment
program
School
management
committee
Achham 56.6 3.4 4.6 3.4 3.4 0.0
Banke 43.1 4.3 2.4 4.3 11.5 1.0
Bardiya 56.6 3.5 4.0 3.0 3.0 0.0
Rolpa 14.5 18.6 4.1 0.7 4.1 0.0
Rukum 13.3 5.6 14.4 0.7 4.1 0.0
Total 29.3 14.5 19.6 1.8 5.6 0.2
In all five districts, more than 80 percent of families who are not involved in community
development programs are also not involved in safe drinking water, poverty alleviation program,
banking program and women empowerment program.
2.4.2 Status of Receiving Skill Oriented Training
Out of 4092 respondents of 1193 surveyed families, only 38 respondents (14 males and 24 females)
have received at least one skill oriented training (Table 2.26) such as training on electric wiring,
wood works, vegetable farming, sewing and health & sanitation. All those who have received
training also reported that they have not fully utilised their skills due to lack of resources, market
facilities and lack of confidence in the skills learnt.
Table 2.26 Population distribution status aged 15 years and above who have received skill oriented training
(in number)
Training Received Male Female Total
No skill training received 1999 2093 4092
At least one training received 14 24 38
% received at least one skill
oriented training 0.7 1.1 0.9
46
2.4.3 Senior Citizen, Single Women and Conflict-Induced Disabilities
Of the total surveyed families, 23 percent have at least one single women (widow), 11.7 per cent
have at least one person with disability by birth or by sickness, 9.6 per cent senior citizen (70 years
and above) and 7.4 percent families have at least one conflict-induced disabled person. The
proportion of families with senior citizen aged 75 years and above is reported to be higher in Rolpa
(17.5%) while it is lower in Achham (11.1%). The proportion of families with single women is the
highest in Bardiya (36%) and the lowest in Rukum (14.1%). The families with conflict-induced
disabled person are highest in Achham (12.2%) and lowest in Bardiya (4.6%) (Table 2.27).
Table 2.27 Percentage of families with at least one senior citizen, single woman, conflict-induced disabled
and other disables
Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Senior Citizen (70 years
and above) 11.1 3.8 8.6 17.5 5.6 9.6
Single Woman 16.7 25.8 36.0 27.5 14.1 23.0
Conflict-induced disabled
person 12.2 6.2 4.6 4.8 7.8 7.4
No. of Families 270 209 175 269 270 1193
Similarly, the families with disabled by birth or by sickness is found higher in Bardiya (22.3%) and
lower in Achham (3.3%).
In the survey, it was found that majority of the respondents were unaware of the social security
provided by the state to the senior citizens, single women and conflict-affected families. Even if they
were aware about this fact they lack proper documents such as citizenship certificate,
recommendation letter from VDCs etc. to avail those services.
2.4.5 Perception on Adequacy Status of Basic Needs Items
Perception on Adequacy of Basic Needs Items in the Family
In the baseline survey, respondents were enquired their perception on whether or not some of the
basic needs items – food, housing facility, clothing, health treatment, children's education and family
income – are adequate for their family. The results are presented in Table 2.28.
In Banke district, 66 per cent of respondents claim inadequacy in food, 46 per cent in housing
facility, 32 per cent in clothing, 47 per cent in health treatment, 36 per cent in child education and 64
per cent in family income.
Table 2.28 Perception on adequacy status of basic need items
Not adequate Adequate
More than
adequate Number Percent
Achham
47
Food 82.6 17.4 0.0 270 100.0
Housing facility 42.2 57.0 0.7 270 100.0
Clothing 59.3 40.0 0.7 270 100.0
Health treatment 57.8 41.9 0.4 270 100.0
Children education 53.0 46.3 0.7 270 100.0
Family income 83.3 16.7 0.0 270 100.0
Banke 100.0
Food 65.6 34.4 0.0 209 100.0
Housing facility 46.4 53.6 0.0 209 100.0
Clothing 32.1 66.5 0.5 209 100.0
Health treatment 47.4 41.1 11.5 209 100.0
Children education 35.9 42.6 11.5 209 100.0
Family income 64.1 26.8 9.1 209 100.0
Bardiya 100.0
Food 74.9 25.1 0.0 175 100.0
Housing facility 57.1 42.3 0.6 175 100.0
Clothing 60.6 38.9 0.6 175 100.0
Health treatment 81.1 18.3 0.6 175 100.0
Children education 58.9 40.6 0.6 175 100.0
Family income 78.9 20.6 0.6 175 100.0
Rolpa 100.0
Food 78.1 21.9 0.0 269 100.0
Housing facility 37.5 62.5 0.0 269 100.0
Clothing 50.2 49.8 0.0 269 100.0
Health treatment 43.9 55.8 0.4 269 100.0
Children education 43.5 56.1 0.4 269 100.0
Family income 80.3 19.3 0.4 269 100.0
Rukum 100.0
Food 86.3 13.7 0.0 270 100.0
Housing facility 50.4 49.6 0.0 270 100.0
Clothing 68.5 30.7 0.7 270 100.0
Health treatment 49.3 49.3 1.5 270 100.0
Child education 43.0 56.3 0.7 270 100.0
Family income 83.9 15.9 0.7 270 100.0
In Bardiya district, only 25 per cent of respondents have adequacy in food, 42 per cent in housing
facility, 39 per cent in clothing, 18 per cent in health treatment, 41 per cent in child education and 21
per cent in family income. Thus, a large proportion of respondent's view is that they are deprived of
the basic needs.
In the case of Rolpa district, majority of respondents reported adequacy in housing facility (62%),
health treatment (56%) and child education (56%). But, majority of respondents claim their
perception that they lack adequate food (78%), clothing (50%) and family income (80%).
Out of 270 respondents in Rukum district majority of respondents reported adequacy in child
education (56%) followed by health treatment (49%). But, majority of the respondents claim that
they lack of adequacy in food (86%), in housing (50%), in clothing (68%), in health treatment
(49%), in child education (43%) and in family education (84%).
48
Perception on Public Facilities and Utilities
Question was asked to the respondents about their perception on the access to the public facilities
available in their community and the results are presented in Table 2.29.
In Achham district, 30 percent respondents perceive that they have good access to safe drinking
water followed by primary education (18.5%). Majority of respondents claim that they have
satisfactory access to primary health care (95.9%), primary education (80%). On the other hand, 40
per cent and 13 per cent of respondents report bad access to road and market facilities respectively.
More than 60 per cent of respondents have no facility of electricity and road.
In Banke district, about 27 percent of respondents claim that they have good access to primary
education followed by safe drinking water (17.7%). More than 68 percent of respondents expressed
that they have satisfactory access to primary health care, primary education and safe drinking water
(86.6%, 68.4% and 69.9% respectively). On the other hand, 43.5 percent and 19.6 percent of
respondents report bad access to road and market facility respectively while more than 50 percent
respondents have no market facility and electricity.
In the case of Bardiya, fairly more respondents expressed their perception that they have good access
to primary education (55%) followed by primary health care (35%). About 50 per cent have
satisfactory access to market facility, electricity and road facility (49%, 49% and 49% respectively).
On the other hand, 33.7 per cent and 31 per cent of respondents expressed that they have bad access
to market and electricity facility respectively. More than 16 per cent respondents have no facility of
safe drinking water.
Table 2.29 Perception on Access to Public Facilities and Utilities
Good Satisfactory Bad No Facility Percent
Number
Achham
Primary health care 3.3 95.9 0.4 0.4 100.0 270
Primary Education 18.5 80.0 0.7 0.7 100.0 270
Safe drinking water 30.4 62.6 5.9 1.1 100.0 270
Electricity facility 1.9 25.9 3.7 68.5 100.0 270
Road facility 1.1 30.0 40.4 64.4 100.0 270
Market facility 1.9 43.7 13.0 41.5 100.0 270
Banke
Primary health care 12.0 86.6 0.5 1.0 100.0 209
Primary Education 26.8 68.4 4.8 0.0 100.0 209
Safe drinking water 17.7 69.9 7.7 4.8 100.0 209
Electricity facility 12.0 24.4 11.5 52.2 100.0 209
Road facility 5.3 36.4 43.5 14.8 100.0 209
Market facility 0.5 26.3 19.6 53.6 100.0 209
Bardiya
Primary health care 35.4 45.7 11.4 7.4 100.0 175
Primary Education 55.4 33.7 8.6 2.3 100.0 175
Safe drinking water 20.0 42.9 20.6 16.6 100.0 175
Electricity facility 20.0 48.6 30.9 0.6 100.0 175
49
Road facility 35.4 48.6 15.4 0.6 100.0 175
Market facility 9.1 49.1 33.7 8.0 100.0 175
Rolpa
Primary health care 6.7 88.8 4.5 0.0 100.0 269
Primary Education 11.2 69.1 3.7 16.0 100.0 269
Safe drinking water 23.4 63.2 12.3 1.1 100.0 269
Electricity facility 2.2 18.2 19.3 60.2 100.0 269
Road facility 2.6 1.5 10.4 85.5 100.0 269
Market facility 3.7 39.4 8.9 48.0 100.0 269
Rukum
Primary health care 3.0 94.8 2.2 0.0 100.0 270
Primary Education 11.9 84.4 1.5 2.2 100.0 270
Safe drinking water 11.1 80.0 10.0 0.0 100.0 270
Electricity facility 4.1 28.1 10.7 57.0 100.0 270
Road facility 25.2 12.6 62.2 0.0 100.0 270
Market facility 3.0 27.0 12.2 57.8 100.0 270
Source: Baseline Survey for Beneficiary Families, 2010.
In Rolpa district, about 24 percent of respondents expressed that they feel that they have good access
to safe drinking water followed by primary education (11.2%). More than 60 percent of respondents
informed that they have satisfactory access to primary health care, primary education and safe
drinking water (88.8%, 69.1% and 63.2% respectively). On the other hand, 19.3 percent and 12.3
percent of respondents report bad access to electricity and safe drinking water respectively. More
than 60 percent respondents have no road and electricity facility.
In Rukum district, about 25 percent of respondents felt that they have good access to road facility
and followed by primary education and safe drinking water (11.9% and 11.1% respectively). More
than 80 percent of respondents expressed that they have satisfactory access to primary health care,
primary education and safe drinking water (94.8%, 84.4% and 80.0% respectively). However, 62.2
percent and 12.2 percent of respondents report bad access to road and market facilities. More than 57
percent respondents have no electricity and market facility.
50
Chapter 3
Summary and Conclusions
3.1 Summary of Findings
On demographic Situation
• The total sample population of the total surveyed 1193 families consists of 6,369 with sex
ratio of 100.6.
• The average family size of the sampled families is 5.3. However, it is 6.3 in Achham district.
• Thirty six per cent of the total population is child population (0-14 years) and 27 per cent of
the total population is school going age population (5-14 years).
• All major caste/ethnic groups have been captured in the survey. The capture of disadvantaged
groups such as Dalits, Janajati and Muslims is of remarkable.
• The incidence of disability is 6.4 per cent which is very high for social security purposes.
• One-fourth of the families have at least one family member away from home.
On Economic Condition
• Among the survey families, 21% are landless and three-fourth are marginalized holders
• Nearly 6 per cent of the families do not have their own house. They are residing in a house
constructed of others land.
• Majority of houses are made of mud and stone in the hills and mud and bamboos in the Terai
district.
• Ninety per cent of the families do not have food sufficiency around the year from their own
agriculture and 44 per cent do not have food sufficiency even for six months
• The survey families have some livestock. Findings show there are 64 per cent families with
at least one cattle; 35 per cent with at least one buffalo; 46 per cent with at least one goat; 14
per cent with at least one pig and 46 per cent of families have with at least one duck/chicken.
• Main Livelihood Strategies of the surveyed families are agriculture (53%), wage labor (38%
) and migration (6%). Of the total sample population aged 5 years and above 2 per cent are
working as a foreign laborer for their livelihood.
• Public facilities such as access to toilet are very poor in the survey area. More than three-
fourths of the families do not have toilet facility. Only one-fifth of the families have
electricity as the main source of light.
On Social Condition
51
• The adult literacy rate appears to be satisfactory in the survey area compared to the national
figure. The adult literacy rates for males and females are 68 and 46 per cent respectively.
• There is wide gender gap in literacy rates as well as in educational attainment. Female
literacy rates are meagre particularly in hill districts.
• Currently 9 per cent of the school going children aged 5-14 years have not attended schools.
It is 7 per cent for boys and 10 per cent for girls.
On Participation on Community Development Programs and Skills Learnt
• Overall, 29 per cent of the families have at least one-family member as a member of
community forest user group, 15 per cent families have at least one-family member in safe
drinking water user group, 20 per cent in poverty alleviation program, 2 per cent in banking
program, 6 per cent in women empowerment program and 0.2 per cent in school
management committees.
• Out of 4092 adult population, only14 males and 24 females have received at least one skill
oriented training in study areas.
• Of the total surveyed families of 1193 in five districts, 23 percent have at least one single
women (widow), 9.6 per cent with senior citizen (70 years and above) and 7.4 percent
families have at least one conflict-induced disabled person.
52
3.2 Conclusion
Drawing on the findings of the baseline survey, the following conclusions may be inferred.
The vulnerable and the conflict affected families in the survey districts are living in a miserable
condition. They are very poor in terms of income, human resources, exposure with the community
work and knowledge on access to social security provided by the Government. They mainly depend
on agriculture but the productivity of agriculture is low. Many also depend upon wage labor on a
daily basis. Wage labor, however, is not available for all seasons. In rural setting, it is seasonable.
The livelihood of the conflict-affected families also depend some extent on foreign labor migration.
In terms of demography of the conflict-affected families, there is higher number of dependent
population. In some of the families, there are no working adult men. In such families, women bear
double burden – rearing and caring of children and production of goods and services.
In terms of human resources, despite the satisfactory level of literacy rates, the educational level
required for seeking for a good job among the conflict affected families is fairly low. Although a
large proportion of children are reported to be attending school, regularity of children in school is
questionable due to poor economic condition of the parents.
In terms of participation in community development program, the findings suggest that many of the
conflict-affected families have no access to community development programmes. In many VDCs, it
was reported that such community development programmes do not exist. There has been grossly
lacking of skill oriented persons. Thus, even with some increasing trend of migration from the
conflict-affected families, they ultimately end up with marginalized and sometimes stigmatized job.
In order to tackle this problem, the project has to increase the skills of the family members,
especially women; provide regular education for children preventing them from drop out; and
provide income generating activities including market facilities. The project also needs to develop
awareness among conflict affected families about their rights and entitlement provided by the state.
Annex - 12
Case Studies on Project Beneficiaries Case studies compiled by Adam Smith International
Case 1 - We shall overcome
Case 2 - Infinite Disappointment Finite Hope
Case 3 - Stitching a new destiny
Case 4 - A Long ride begins with one single pedal stroke
Case 5 - Nailing Poverty
Case 1 - We shall overcome Case study compiled by Adam Smith International
Even before you could knock on the door of the rather dilapidated hut of Dil Sara Pariyar,
fleeting sounds would come of the prattle of little children; a boy memorising his lessons; a
soothing song of a girl putting a
baby to sleep. The sounds are
familiar, something one would
associate with happy times!
However when the door is opened,
the sounds seem to belie the truth.
This is a single woman headed
family with eight children, not sure
whether there will be enough to eat
the next day. The clothes are
tattered, the hut decrepit, the
household belongings scarce,
appearances unkempt and on floor
a few bowls of rice gruel, the family staple food.
It does come as a surprise to see the smile of a child
lurking in the corners of this house- a reflection of
indomitable hope that better times will come;
something which the family is working hard on with a
little help from the ADB funded JFPR Project.
Dil Sara is thirty; her face however seems much older,
vicissitudes of daily struggle run as creases across her
face. Hidden behind her commonplace demeanour, Dil
Sara is a remarkable woman. Alongside her
responsibilities of taking care of eight children, she
works as an agricultural labour for most of the year to
supplement the meagre income that her 4 kathas of land
yields. Home in the evening after the back breaking work
in the fields she cooks and tends to her children aged
from 14 years down to 8 months.
Quick Facts
Name: Dil Sara Pariyar
Age: 30
Sex: Female
Social Status: Dalit
District: Banke, Nepal
VDC: Naubasta, Ward No: 2
Vulnerability: Woman headed household
with eight children aged 14-8 months. No
remunerative source of income
Occupation: Marginal farmer/Agricultural
labourer
Financial support system: meager,
receives intermittent remittances from
her husband who works in India
Productive Asset through project grant:
2 goats for herself and two for her
mother in law
Date of documentation: 17/8/2011
Follow up visit: 29/06.2012
Her husband is not there to share the burden nor is he there to share her feelings. He has gone
to India for employment so that he could make some money for the family. But he manages to
come home and bring the meagre amount of Rs. 3000, albeit only once a year. That particular
month becomes Dil Sara's only month of the year when the family has proper food and the
children get the company of their father. And once he returns, the family spends the rest of the
year with the memory of the last visit, and in anticipation of the next. The intervening period is
spent in the daily struggle of living with meagre resources.
She has assiduously refused to fall prey to the temptation of using her adolescent children as
extra pairs of hands to supplement the family income. Instead she sends them to school-
conscious that this requires her to put in extra hours of work. The two elder children, one boy
and one girl, go to school. However, aware of her dire economic condition, one is not sure how
long they will be able to continue- for the best of intentions need to be backed by resources.
During our conversation she told us that four of the eight children are from her husband’s
previous wife who had eloped leaving the young children behind. Dil Sara’s remark for a
moment stumped us, "How could I leave the kids to die for the fault that is not theirs?" There is
poverty of money here but no poverty of love. Dil Sara wants to give them a chance to break
the vicious cycle of poverty by providing them a chance to get educated. Her own biological
children are still too small to go to school.
With marginal land holding, a run-down hut whose thatched roof barely holds during the rainy
season, eight mouths to feed, no source of assured income and no savings at all for
emergencies, the family was living on the
margins. Life was meandering in fits and starts
through abject poverty. It was a watershed
when the community of Naubasta VDC (Ward
number 2) identified Dil Sara as a vulnerable
household which should receive the benefits of
supplementary support under the ADB-funded
Strengthening Decentralized Support for
Conflict-Affected and Vulnerable Families and
Children project.
The grant of Rs. 12,000/- (US$176) under the
project was god send. There were many firsts in
Through the small intervention by the project
we hope that the lines of the Nepali Poet
Laureate Laxmi Prasad Devkota would not
apply to the children of Dil Sara
Who is this child? Who can this be?
Whose father was poor?
Which mother held you on her knee? –
Two burning lamps for eyes, speaking, sure.
Whose hope opened the eyes turned them free
To the eyes of the sun and the moon?
Why has it faded? Why has it withered?
Why has this life’s light dimmed so soon?
Bhikhari (Beggar) by Laxmi Prasad
Devkota, translated by Albert Hariss
her case- a Bank account was opened in her name, a citizen card was issued, and the state and
community had stepped in to support her own efforts to rise above her circumstances.
The first thought which came to Dil Sara, after the
grant had been transferred, was the assurance that
she could now manage food for her family for next
8 months- but what after that? The decisive shift
would be in balancing her family’s pressing present
needs with an assured income stream in the future.
The Women and Children Office of Banke District
advised and trained Dil Sara on investing a part of
the project grant in buying goats which she could
breed and sell, and thereby have a steady future
income stream. She has bought four goats by
spending Rs 6,000/- (US$ 88), two of which she has
given to her mother-in-law who is equally poor and
Dil Sara with her twins. Also seen are the two goats bought by her funded through the project grant
Meru Nepali, the Mother In Law of Dil Sara, who is a destitute, whom Dil Sara gave two of the four
goats she has bought with the project grant. Magnanimity in face of scarcity is what characterizes Dil
Sara, something we cannot help but salute.
the remaining two she has kept for herself. Magnanimity in face of scarcity is what
characterises Dil Sara. The rest went on buying provisions to fulfil the basic needs of the
children and some food for their nourishment - a well thought out balance between the present
and the future. Now she has Rs 1000/- (US$ 15) as an emergency fund in the bank as savings.
An investment has been made by a family which fights hunger every day. Now she and her
family have a fighting chance of breaking through her hand-to-mouth existence.
The returns will take some time to come, but there is hope and likelihood that the income
generated will bring better days, even if it is a hope on the edge for the time being.
The above case study was written in August 2011, we went back in June 2012 curious to know
whether the spark of hope we had seen a year back still remained or had the initial promise
fizzled out. And we found Dil Sara still putting up a brave front, her husband had not returned,
the food on the family table was still meagre and the creases on the face of Dil Sara had not
ceased. But the
change we saw was
Dil Sara’s
confidence- the 'I
can do it' attitude,
which we had seen
last time, was much
more pronounced
and did not seem at
all misplaced. Now
she has four goats,
from her initial two,
and she plans to sell
the male goat in
November, and
estimates will get
around Rs. 5000. We
asked her what will
she do with the money, and we got an answer which we were not expecting. She replied she
would get each of her twins gold earrings. Perplexed we asked why she should be doing this. Her
Dil Sara stands confidently with the goats, the two she has bought have now multiplied to four, by
November she will sell one of them, and expects to get Rs. 5000. The investment of Rs. 12000 is
poised to yield returns.
response made sense, gold is an investment, the prices of gold always rises, and the gold
earrings are insurance for her children when they grow up. And she also added, the goats will
again multiply, I now have an assured source of income and more importantly of savings.
Interestingly of her eight children, four of them (including two daughters) go to school, the
youngest two twin daughters are still too young to go, and we expect them to get enrolled when
they come of age.
As we walked away from the hut of Dil Sara, we were convinced that the hope which appeared
to be on the edge a year ago has now been mainstreamed.
Case 2 - Infinite Disappointment.. Finite Hope Case study compiled by Adam Smith International
Ratna still remembers that day, eight years ago,
when the military picked up her husband, an
agricultural labourer, for interrogation. Not that
her husband had taken any sides in the conflict,
he was picked up arbitrarily to pry from him
information on movement of the suspected ultras
in the vicinity of their village. He came home
rattled from the long interrogation, but relieved
that he had been let off. Little he was to know
that this was the beginning of a saga which would
push him and his family into penury and despair.
But soon he started receiving death threats, as a
suspect of being an informer. With the Damocles
sword of death hanging, her husband was unable
to move out freely and seek work in the village.
The family’s already strained resources were by
now depleted. Unable to sustain, Ratna’s husband
threw in the towel and decided to move to India
to find work and also safety.
Ratna still remembers the silhouette of her
husband as he walked the village gravel road to
catch the jeep to the India border. That was the
last the family saw of him, he has not come back
since. Ratna suspects her husband was murdered,
who and where she does not know, but is
convinced that the political conflict was the cause.
Eight years is a long time, much has changed since, the past enemies have now reconciled, but
the scars of Ratna’s loss is still a reality, as she counts the tattered threads of her family’s life,
and hypothesise what could have been had her husband been alive. “Tears do not come any
more, how long can one cry”, is what Ratna told us.
Ratna Nepali, beneficiary under the JFPR project.
Ratna put on her only piece of jewellery, a green
bead necklace, in anticipation of our visit.
Quick Facts
Name: Ratna Nepali
Age: 35
Sex: Female
Social Status: Dalit
District: Banke, Nepal
VDC: Naubasta, Ward No: 2
Village: Peetmari
Vulnerability: Disabled widowed woman with
four children to support.
Occupation: None
Financial support system: Begs for food
Productive Asset through project grant: 2 goats
procured through grant under JFPR Programme
Date of documentation: 29/05/2012
With no assets, and Ratna being
handicapped, with swellings and
joint pains which is chronic, there
was no means for a livelihood for
her and the four children. The
children were small; her eldest
daughter was then seven years
old. With no recourse in hand,
the family had to do the
unthinkable- resort to begging in
the village. Possibility of having a
meal a day was now dependent
on the charity of others; there
can be no helpless situation than
that. As her daughter Mishal
grew up (now fifteen), there was
the obvious temptation to send
her for work. She joined the labour gang in India, through the labour contractor in the village .
In three stints she has worked a total of about 15 months with labour gang on road
construction in Uttaranchal State of India, the India border being only 5 kms from her village.
Her earning of Rs, 120 per day did provide the much needed relief for the family. However
threat of trafficking has made Ratna stop her daughter from going to India. But poverty is a
difficult demon to satisfy, destitution at home might again force Mishal to go to India with
labour gangs. The route to Mumbai, Delhi or Kolkata red light districts is just a small hop, with
touts on lookout for vulnerable girls. Sixteen years ago, then aged thirteen, Ratna’s own niece
was trafficked. This is a stark reality for many in such impoverished conditions. With no
wherewithal to search for the disappeared child, these families cling to the memories of their
daughters’ childhood, and hope that maybe one day she will return. This hope however goes
unrealised, The story of missing girls in these parts of Nepal can be shocking. It is said that
anyone who has ever struggled with poverty knows how extremely expensive it is to be poor.
You lose so much - self esteem, honour, hope, faith and roots. Ratna’s case corroborates this.
Life remains a daily struggle, however within this struggle the yearning for better day's remains.
Probably this explains why Ratna’s two sons are now studying in local Christian Missionary
School. The two daughters including Mishal are enrolled in the local government school.
Ratna with her children- she has four children, the boys study at a
local Christian Missionary School. Her elder son(not in picture) stays
at the hostel with lodging boarding provided by the school.
The grant under the JFPR could not have
come at a more opportune time. Ratna’s
name was recommended for receipt of
grant by virtue of being a conflict affected
household and as well as living under abject
poverty. A part of the money which Ratna
received was spent on one last ditch effort
to get medical cure for her knee pains. The
hope was that she could get cured, and
thereby earn by working in a a agricultural
labour in the village. The rest went into
investing on two goats. While the medical
treatment did not yield any result, the goats
have multiplied and she plans to sell one
goat this November which will get her an
estimated amount of Rs. 5000.
And what would this mean for the family?
Its not just food, not just clothing or not just
medicines - it would mean much more. In in
all probability Mishal will not be again
forced to go to work in India and be under
threat of being trafficked. This would mean
that another life will not get wasted in the
by lanes of a red light district.
The designers of the JFPR Program would have never
thought that the grant to conflict effected household
would save a girl child from being abducted and sold
into flesh trade. Mishal (above), Ratna’s daughter will
not have to go to India anymore for work with labour
gangs, from where young girls are known to be
trafficked. All because the returns from the
productive assets created through the JFPR grant has
started yielding financial returns to the family. There
is a hope of change in the air!
Case 3 - Stitching a new destiny Case study compiled by Adam Smith International
It is said that joy and sorrow, hope and
disappointment, victory and defeat and
many such countervailing emotions are
stitched together into the fabric called life.
But when darker shades overwhelm the
brighter ones, life seems to be in a shadow.
This is how it was for Durga Pariyar, when
her alcoholic husband a few years back in a
spate of anger set fire to their house and ran
away. It was providential that Durga and her
children escaped. Durga remembers, “the
neighbours had rushed and put off the fire
before it could do any substantial damage”.
Her husband never came back, nor does
Durga wait for him anymore.
Since long Durga has been sewing clothes on
an old rickety sewing machine to support her
five children and as well as her husband’s
drinking habit. She reminiscences, “thankfully
my mother taught me how to stitch,
otherwise I do not know how I would have
supported the family”. The old machine could
hardly cope, despite demand, Durga could
stitch maximum of 2 pair of salwar kameez (a
is a traditional dress worn by both women).
Durga is a skilled tailor, her shop Neema Tailors has no dearth of customers. However as with
the new Apple iPad , while demand is not a problem, supply was ! She would miss deadlines,
and also customers to the 6-7 other tailoring shops in the vicinity, and resultantly lower
earnings.
Durga like her mother who gave her tailoring skills, intends to give her children especially her
daughters ability which will help them to be economically independent. She told us “ the best
Quick Facts
Name: Durga Pariyar
Age: 40
Sex: Female
Social Status: Dalit
District: Bardiya, Nepal
VDC: Thakurdwara, Ward No: 6
Vulnerability: Singal Woman Houshehold with
five children to support.
Occupation: Tailoring
Financial support system: None
Productive Asset through project grant: 1
sewing machine
Date of documentation: 30/05/2012
gift I can give to my children is education and skills to be independent. If I do that I can die in
peace”. This meant that a significant proportion of family income would get diverted towards
education. Despite her skills as a tailor, the old sewing machine could afford just enough to
keep the kitchen fires burning and the children in school. Working on low margins, and with five
children to feed and educate, Durga could never muster enough capital to invest on a new
machine. With access to formal credit scarce in rural Nepal, raising capital through a bank loan
never was an option.
To break the cycle of poverty, infusion of capital was required so that the family could afford a
new machine and increase the productivity of its tailoring enterprise. This is exactly what the
grant of Rs. 12000 under the JFPR project was able to achieve. Durga spent Rs. 10000 from the
project grant to invest on a brand new sewing machine. Her productivity has since doubled, she
can now stitch four salwar kurtas a day up
from the two previously. And here earnings
are now significantly higher. In the off
season she earns around Rs.400 a day and
during season the returns are about Rs.
1000. Her investment in her children’s
education is also paying off, her eldest
daughter has just finished her college and
has started earning Rs. 3000 as a teacher.
The business is good, and the family is
trying to build up a saving. The targets are now also higher- “maybe a professional degree for
my son”, muses Durga.
Thanks to the JFPR project, Durga has now stitched in a few more colours into her life, and this
time the colours are brighter.
Case 4 - A Long ride begins with one single pedal stroke Case study compiled by Adam Smith International
It is said that cycle tracks will
abound in Utopia. HG Wells
penned these lines in his book
The Modern Utopia, believing
that in all probability future will
have no place for cycles. But for
Man Kumari Chowdhary and
Saitu Chowdhury, keeping the
cycle on track, is proving to be a
life changer.
Man Kumari and Saitu got
married about 16 years ago, and
have two children both of whom
are studying in school. Saitu for
most part of his life has been
working various odd jobs as a
guard, labour or waiter at street
side joints in Kathmandu. The flow of income
was unsteady. Man Kumari would stay in the
village with the two children. Much that the
family would have liked to live together, limited
work oportunities in the village denied them
that wish. The earnings of Saitu was meagre
and erratic. There was no land in the village to
fall back on. The family was poor, dependent on
Saitu’s daily wages. There were times when
resources of the family would be at the ebb ,
whenever Saitu would have no work. Saitu
recollects “ I never had a steady job, and when
out of work and unable to send any money
home I would get so restless, and sometimes curse myself of being incapable of looking after my
family”. A couple of years back Saitu came back from Kathmandu having secured employment
in a cycle repair shop which had recently opened in the village. The shop did brisk business,
Quick Facts
Name: Man Kumari Chowdhary
Age: 33
Sex: Female
Social Status:
District: Bardiya, Nepal
VDC: Thakurdwara, Ward No: 6
Village: Bhrkaiyatol
Vulnerability: Poor household with no steady
income source
Occupation: Intermittent non farm work
Financial support system: None
Productive Asset through project grant: Cycle
shop
Date of documentation: 30/05/2012
Saitu Chowdhary and Man Kumari Chowdhari at their cycle repair
shop setup through the JFPR grant
since it was the only repair shop in the vicinity. However as luck would have it, the shop wound
up, the owner who was not a
resident left for his native village
to attendend to pressing family
needs. Saitu got thinking,
opening a cycle repair shop was a
good investment, and he knew
the work well by now. He had
shared his plans with his wife
Man Kumari, she encouraged
him. There was demand, skill and
willingness, the missing piece
was the capital , which Saitu did
not have.
The cycle shop now appeared to
Saitu as a means to break
through the web of poverty , it
beckoned him with a promise of
a better life. The boat had come
and docked on his shore, if he missed to climb in,
he would never cross the river , the other side
appeared full of promises. But Saitu did not have
the resource to afford the ticket to ride on the
boat. Saitu was resigned to his fate, There is a
saying in Nepalese ������ �� ��� � ����
��� ������ meaning do not regret the things that
are beyond your reach.
But things took an unexpected turn, under the JFPR
, Saitu’s wife, Man Kumari was selected as a
beneficiary for a grant of Rs. 12000, given the
economic condition of the family. Here was the
seed capital for attempting to setup the cycle repair
shop. The sum was leveraged with a small loan
from relatives. Its now been more than a year the
shop has started. Initially starting with rudimentary
equipment, and the profits were ploughed back to
buy more spares and tools. The shop earns on an average Rs.400 per day. Man Kumari helps
Man Kumari has become quite proficient in repairing cycles and runs
the shop on her own in absence of her husband. JFPR grant has
empowered her, to take on activities beyond the threshold of her
home.
“We have made it”- the smile says it all
Saitu in the shop, and has picked up skills of cycle repair very well, and can manage the shop
alone in Saitu’s absence.
As they say, nothing succeeds like success, and Saitu is now thinking of opening a piggery with
five of his friends. The plan is that Man Kumari will manage the shop, while Saitu will be full
time involved in the piggery. Saitu will soon be called “Saitu Sahu” - the businessman’not just
Saitu. The grant not only helped start an entrepreneurial activity, it also has empowered Man
Kumari, till now a homemaker. As we spoke to her, she with consummate skill, repaired the
brakes of a cycle. And we all laughed when Saitu remarked, “if my wife cannot repair the brakes
properly, I will make the horn louder”. The laughter, the confidence and the hope all spoke of one
thing, Saitu and Man Kumari had not missed the boat, they had safely crossed the river of
hopelessness, the other side has much to offer.
Case 5 - Nailing Poverty Case study compiled by Adam Smith International
The socio economic strata to which Pardeshini and
Phulram belong, fighting against odds and making a
marginal living is a norm. Not due to lack of any ambition,
or hard work, but largely due to absence of financial
capital. Living on the margins of society, managing the
very basics of two square meals a day is considered good
enough, dreaming to reach beyond that is a past time. It is
said that success is the ability to do better than good
enough, and Pardeshni and her husband Phulram Tharu
with a little help from JFPR grant have crossed the “just
good enough threshold”. They are a joint family who
besides themselves and their three children, include
Phulram’s parents and his two brothers and their family.
Phulram reminisces “ the longest job I have every held is
being an agricultural labour, and when I got a job as an
helperin an carpentry shop, something from within me
said that this is my opportunity. I learnt as much and as
fast, and in a year was rather proficient, and as luck would
have it the shop folded up, I was back to the fields, but
what I had learnt was with me”. Phulram would discuss
with his wife Pardeshini that opening a carpentry shop in
the village would be a good idea. Phulram says ”so many
evenings I and my wife would spend day dreaming
about our own shop. The thought itself was so
exciting, we knew we did not have the capital, and
the shop would never be a reality, but it does not
need an investment to dream”.
Pardeshni was selected for the JFPR grant of Rs.
12000, given the precarious financial straits of the
family. Here was lump sum money, the much needed
capital; the carpentry shop did not seem a dream
anymore- hammers, drills, saws were bought and a
plot of land taken for Rs. 100 a month on rent on
which he himself constructed a makeshift shop.
Phulram was ready to go, waiting for customers, and
they came initially a trickle and then in droves.
Quick Facts
Name: Pardeshni Tharu
Age: 32
Sex: Female
Social Status: Tharu
District: Bardiya, Nepal
VDC: Thakurdwara, Ward No: 6
Village: Bhrkaiyatol
Vulnerability: Poor household with no steady
income source
Occupation: Intermittent non farm work
Financial support system: None
Productive Asset through project grant:
Carpentry shop
Date of documentation: 30/05/2012
Phulram Tharu , his wife Pardeshini is the
recipient of the JFPR grant. Unfortunately
we could not meet Pardeshini since she
was not well the day we visited the
village.
Phulram had the skills and the attitude; he says “I have always met deadlines, because a satisfied
customer will always come back”. And no doubt his wood working skills are excellent. And the erstwhile
agriculture labourer now had in his employ three assistants. With profits ploughed in, soon came the
mechanised wood cutting machine, which boosted productivity, the returns took a sharp upturn.
Phulram claims he can do even better, only if he had a cottage industry licence which would enable him
to buy wood himself for the furniture he makes. Now the customers bring in the wood, and he shapes
them into doors, beds, chairs, tables, sofa etc. But Phulram says the success of the shop is better than
what he used to dream of.
At the helm of a joint family, Phulram’s share
is the mainstay. Recently his brother went to
Qatar, his travelling expenses were funded
through a loan of Rs. 85000. Phulram from
the earning of the shop has been able return
more than 50% of the loan. He is confident
the remaining will also get paid, not from
remittance, but from the profit generated by
the shop. Children go to school, there is
enough to eat, and enough to dream and
enough confidence that dreams can be
realised.
When we were driving from Bhurkiyatol,
Phulram’s village, on the highway we saw a
bill board featuring a Honda advertisement
which had a tag line which said “Power of
Dream”. What works for a multinational
corporation also works for Phulram and his
family living on the margins- dream realised.
Phulram with the pride of his shop, the mechanised
wood cutting machine.
i
Annex – 13
Final Evaluation of
JFPR 9110 NEP Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable
and Conflict-Affected Families and Children
Submitted to
Adam Smith International
Nepal
Submitted by
Govind Subedi, PhD
Monitoring and Evaluation Expert
July 2012
ii
Acknowledgement
The Consultant is thankful to Adam Smith International for entrusting to carry out this study of multiple
implications. The Consultant is equally thankful to Department of Women and Children, Ministry of
Women, Children and Social Welfare for its kind cooperation and support during the evaluation study.
The Consultant would like to thank Mr. Balananda Paudyal, Secretary, Ministry of Women, Children and
Social Welfare, the Acting Director of DWC, Mr. Keshav Prasad Regmi for their special remarks and
feedback for the finalization of this Report. The Consultant also thanks the member of National Project
Steering Committee including participants of one-day workshop to disseminate the findings of the final
evaluation held on July 11, 2012 in Kathmandu who provided constructive feedback to finalize this
Report.
The Consultant would like to pay special thanks to Shanta Bhattrai, Under Secretary of DWC, Sudeep
Bahadur Singh, Team Leader and Bipa Shrestha Tuladhar, Project Officer from Adam Smith
International Nepal for their support in carrying out the evaluation study and Mr. Sudipto Sengupta, ASI
India also deserves thanks for his critical feedback for the Report.
The Consultant is also thankful to Women Development Officers of Indira Ojha of Achham, Shobha
Shah of Banke, Sabitra Shah of Rukum and Maya Shrestha of Rolpa who have coordinated the
evaluation study at the local level. The Consultant is especially thankful to Shanta Chand, the Focal
Person of the Project of District Women and Children Office, Bardiya, Bindu Kunwar of Banke, Shanti
Basnet of Rolpa for their efforts to make arrangement for evaluation study. Special thanks also go to
Gauri Malakar, the General Secretary of a partner NGO in Thakurdawarra, Bardiya who helped a lot for
field visit.
The Consultant thanks to Dharma Rijal – the research assistant - who visited and collected information
from Achham and Rukum districts and Subhadra Kumari Tamang, Ashok Sharma and Purnima Neupane
for their data entry. NGOs personnel who collected data also deserve the thanks. Last but not least, we
are thankful to all the concerned persons including beneficiary families who provided valuable
information and data during this study.
Dr. Govind Subedi
July, 2012
iii
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
ASI Adam Smith International
CBO Community Based Organization
CCWB Center Child Welfare Board
CDC, TU Curriculum Development Center, Tribhuvan University
DCWB District Child Welfare Board
DDC District Development Committee
DWC Department of Women and Children
FY Fiscal Year
GoN Government of Nepal
GOs Governmental Organizations
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IGA Income Generating Activity
JFPR Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction
KU Kathmandu University
MoPRR Ministry of Peace, Reconstruction and Reconciliation
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
PAS Public Service Announcement
PGD Post Graduate Diploma
PI Project Intervention
TOR Terms of Reference
TOT Training for Trainers
VDC Village Development Committee
WCO District Women and Children Office
iv
Tables and Boxes
Tables Table 1.1 Distribution of sample households by VDCs and districts
Table 2.1 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 3: Capacity Development)
Table 2.2 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 4: Economic Empowerment)
Table 2.3 Distribution of project beneficiaries by income generating activities
Table 2.4 Overview of changes in number of goats and estimated price of goats
Table 2.5 Overview of changes in bank accounts and saving habits (in %) Table 2.6 Respondents perception on extent of support from the grants on livelihood in the family
Table 2.7 Percentage distribution of respondents reporting knowledge on Social protection programs
Table 2.8 Percentage distributions of respondents by heard of FM, FM funded by the project and social
protection program
Boxes
Box 2.1: Infrastructure Development Budget not spent: A missed opportunity
Box 2.2 Changes brought by conditional grants of Rs. 12,000 among conflict affected families
Box 2.3 Changes in household income due to PI
v
Contents
Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................................ii
Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. iii
Tables and Boxes ..................................................................................................................................... iv
Chapter 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Description of Activities ............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Objectives of Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Evaluation Methods ................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Organization of the Evaluation Study Report ............................................................................ 5
Chapter 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Implementation Modality of the Grant Program.............................................................................. 6
2.2 Outputs and Achievements............................................................................................................... 7
2.3 Relevancy ........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.4 Effectiveness ................................................................................................................................... 15
2.5 Efficiency ......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.6 Impact ............................................................................................................................................. 19
2.7 Sustainability ................................................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 29
Conclusions and Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 29
3.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 29
3.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 30
References ............................................................................................................................................ 31
Annex .................................................................................................................................................... 32
1
Chapter 1
Introduction
This final evaluation study of the Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable and Conflict-
Affected Families and Children Project was carried out in May-June, 2012.
The project was funded under Japan's Official Development Assistance (JODA) by Japan Fund for
Poverty Reduction (JFPR) through by Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Government of Nepal (GoN).
The project was implemented by Department of Women and Children (DWC) under Ministry of
Women, Children and Social Welfare from February 2008 and was expected to be completed by May
2012 but was extended to be completed by July 2012. The project was implemented in 31 Village
Development Committees (VDCs) in five districts of Nepal: Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rukum and Rolpa1.
The overall goal of the project was to improve the situation of conflict affected and vulnerable families
and children in a sustainable manner. The project aimed to: i) improve national capacity and
professionalism for quality advice and social welfare delivery to the people and to increase awareness
of social entitlements at the grass roots level and ii) encourage economic development of 4,000
families affected by conflict by identifying suitable opportunities for gainful income.
Originally, the project had five components: i) In-depth assessment; ii) Legal support for better service
standards; iii) Capacity development of the service providers; iv) Piloting Quality services through
economic empowerment of the conflict affected families and v) Project management, administration,
monitoring and evaluation. Among these components, component 1 was completed in Mid-2008;
component 2 was dropped; components 3 and 5 were implemented by Adam Smith International (ASI)
and Component 4 was implemented by DWC. Thus, this evaluation study basically deals with the
activities under Components 3 (Capacity Development) and 4 (Economic Empowerment). The project
implemented 5 activities under Component 3 and another 5 under Component 4 as discussed below:
1.1 Description of Activities
Component 3: Capacity Development
1. Post Graduate Diploma (PGD) in Social Work: The project conducted a PGD course of one-year
among government officials from July 2010 to June 2011. St. Xavier College conducted the program.
The main aim of the PGD program was to increase level of professionalism within the social service
sectors. The course constituted theory and practical classes.
1 The project VDCs include: Achham district - Kala Gaon, Dhaku, Dhakari, Bhatakatia, Barda Devi and Kuinka;
Banke district - Betahani, Naubasta, Baijapur, Gangapur, Binauna, Mahadevpuri and Fattepur; Bardiya district -
Mohammadpur, Thakurdwara, Dhadwar, Motipur, Badalpur and Patabhar; Rolpa district - Thabang, Jailbang,
Kureli, Mirul, Gam and Uwa and Rukum - Khara, Mahat, Chunbang, Pipal, Hukam and Ranma Maikot.
2
2. Training of Trainers (TOT) for Mid-Level District Officials: Mid-level TOT on social protection was held
in Nepalgunj from 15-21 August, 2011. A total of 22 Government officials representing from all the
target districts attended the TOT. The main aim of TOT was to disseminate wider knowledge on social
welfare models, child rights and citizen entitlements at the district levels. The TOT participants were
expected to provide training at the District Level TOT.
3. District Level TOT on Social Protection: A district level TOT on social protection was held in each
target district in between 3 to 13 January, 2012. The training participants were from Village
Development Committees (VDC), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Community Based
Organizations (CBOs), social mobilizers, health workers, district level Peace Committees/Civil Societies,
Child Clubs, Women Police Cell, Judiciary, Journalists from local FM and Project Implementation Units
of Women and Children Offices. A total of 153 (64 males and 84 females) participated in the TOT (30
participants in Achham, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum each and 33 in Banke).
The main aim of the TOT was to increase in-depth knowledge on social welfare delivery at local level;
increased awareness on child rights and the risks of child abuse or exploitation and create peer
pressure group for addressing current issues on child care homes standards. The project originally
designed three separate trainings: i) TOT on social protection, ii) TOT on child rights sensitization, and
iii) Child care home standards training. These three trainings were integrated into a single package
because of the similarity of topics, same participants, the same target area and venues, the similar
objectives of the training to create peer pressure group. The training was held for 6 days with 4
sessions per day. The training manual and course curricula were developed. Child Protection Specialist
was also involved in training on sessions related to child rights and child care homes.
4. Civil Society and CBO Courses: The activity was implemented after carrying out District Level TOT. The
project conducted VDC level 2-day training in all 31 target VDCs of five target districts. The main aim of
the training was to disseminate knowledge and awareness at grass roots levels. Key participants
included were: representatives from VDCs, NGOs and CBOs, health workers, school management
committee, mother’s group, youth group, child club, political parties and local authorities, peace
committee, police and judiciary functionaries. Participants were selected considering those who were
working for community development and social protection in the selected VDCs; those with knowledge
of ongoing community development activities in the district; and those aware on VDC issues and those
willing to advocate for social protection, community development and child rights.
5. Advocacy and Information Materials: The project published advocacy materials i.e. wall calendar and
also launched Radio programs through local FM stations in the target districts. The main aim of this
activity was to make people avail of social protection services, entitlements and benefits by raising
awareness. A half-hour talk program in different social protection issues was aired specially tailoring
live call-in Radio programs and 10 public service announcements (PSA) per day. The Radio program was
initiated from February, 2012 and will continue to July, 2012.
Component 4: Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)
1. Preparation of Project Implementation: As a preparation of implementation of the project, four sub-
activities were carried out: i) development of Project Implementation Manual, ii) development of Grant
Implementation Manual, iii) orientation training on project implementation at the national level and iv)
district level orientation training in each project district. Both the Manuals were developed in Nepali
3
languages and sent to the concerned District Women and Children Office (WCO) in the target districts.
The national level orientation was held in 10 June 2010 representing from Local Development Officers
(LDOs), Assistant Chief District Officers and WCOs from five target districts. The main aim of the
orientation program was to familiarize on various aspects of project implementation to all the
personnel involved in district-level implementation of the project; to give a thorough orientation to PIU
staff on the project implementation process. The district level orientations were held in all the project
districts in between 24 June – 26 September 2010. The participants in the orientation programs were
staff of WCOs, VDC secretaries, members of facilitating-NGO partners, and representatives of
Veterinary Office, Agriculture Development Office, and Small enterprise and Cottage Industry Offices of
project districts. The main aim of the orientation program was to share project implementation process
with stakeholders and bring clarity on financial and budgetary aspects of the project.
2. Selection of Beneficiaries Families: This activity involved a series of efforts by the WDO and partner
NGOs. First, VDC level meeting was held in all 31 VDCs. This VDC level meeting identified the number of
conflict affected and/or marginalized families by ward2. Second, a series of ward level meetings were
held to select the target families identified in the VDC level meeting from the ward. Basically, five
indicators were employed to select the beneficiary families: i) family members died during the conflict
or ii) families directly affected by the conflict (disappearing, abduction, arrest, displaced) or iii) families
with orphan and abandoned children or iv) families with disabled persons or v) very poor/marginalized
families.
3. Distribution of Conditional Cash Grants: Before distribution of the conditional cash grants, training on
Skill Enhancement and Business Plan Development was given to all the selected beneficiaries to help in
developing their business plans. Next, the project called for all the selected beneficiaries to open a
bank account. The project helped open the bank accounts even by helping to issue the citizenship
certificate of the beneficiaries. The project transferred Rs. 12,000 (US $ 176.5) per beneficiary to their
bank account in between April – July 2011.
4. Community Infrastructure Development: This activity was envisioned in project document to create
small scale infrastructure subprojects to improve quality and quantity of public investment in the
selected VDCs. This will increases the accessibility of the rural communities to basic services like rural
roads, health, water, sanitation, etc. Investment in low-cost community infrastructure would also
increase market linkages and augment income generation of the beneficiary families. The project
document allocated a total of Rs. 700,000 (000 (US$ 10,294.11) to 31 VDCs each.
5. Value Chain Activities:
Three major activities were identified initially for right analysis of value chain, updated market
information and networks to develop market:
i. Research and consultation
ii. Training to WDOs and facilitation NGOs
iii. Market development support for beneficiary families
2 Note 'ward' is the small administrative unit of Nepal. There are nine wards in a VDC.
4
A research on value chain of income generating activities (IGA), taken up by the 4,000 project
beneficiaries in five target districts, was carried out by a value chain expert mobilized by ASI. The value
chain research was aimed to i) identify IGA products of beneficiaries in each of the 5 target districts; ii)
carry out research and collect data of main market actors, location of brokers, access, and other
required information; iii) narrow those products down to sub-sectors and iv) design a strategy to
increase selling price
1.2 Objectives of Evaluation
This evaluation is to assess the project's achievements, in terms of its relevancy, efficiency,
effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The overall objective is to examine to what extent the project
contributed to increase in income of the conflict affected and marginalized families and enhance
knowledge on social protection among the community people as well as among the service providers.
The specific objectives include:
1. To provide an informed and independent assessment of the value and efficiency of the work
implemented by DWC and ASI focusing on results to see whether the objectives have been
achieved as planned.
2. To draw learning from the project through evidence-based information, provide suggestions and
recommendations.
1.3 Evaluation Methods
This is an evaluative study involving both primary and secondary information. The secondary
information like Grant Implementation Manual, Interim Progress Report, Annual Report,
Implementation Guidelines including official records of ASI and DWC were used.
Primary data have been collected through:
Structured Interview from Beneficiary Families: A total of 930 beneficiary families (180 per district in
Achham, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum and 210 in Banke) were targeted to interview from 31 VDCs.
However, actual interview was 926 households from 29 VDCs of 5 project districts. In Rukum, two VDCs
were not covered due to time constraints and the compensation was made from other four VDCs.
(Table 1.1)
Table 1.1 Distribution of sample households by VDCs and districts
Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum
VDC N VDC N VDC N VDC N VDC N
Kalagon 30 Betahani 30 Badalpur 29 Gam 30 Khara 45
Kuika 30 Binauna 30 Dhadapur 30 Jelbang 30 Chubang 45
Bhatkatiya 30 Naubasta 30 Motipur 30 Kureli 30 Mahat 41
Dhaku 30 Baijapur 30 Mohammadapur 30 Mirul 30 Pipal 45
Dhakari 30 Mahadevpuri 31 Patabhar 30 Thabang 30
Bardadevi 30 Fattepur 29 Thakurdwara 30 Uwa 30
Gangapur
Total 180 211 179 180 176
Total number of households surveyed = 926.
5
A structured questionnaire was developed to understand the changes brought by the project
intervention in relation to increase in income and awareness on social protection and entitlements
received by the beneficiaries (Annex 1.1).
Group Consultation: In each target district, group consultation was conducted among the partner NGOs
to understand the implementation modality of the project, project efficiency, effectiveness and impact
of the project (Annex 1.2 for list of individuals consulted).
Key Informant Interviews (KII): KII was conducted among participants of Mid-level TOT, District level
TOT and VDC level training including VDC Secretaries, FM stations, WDOs and focal person of WDOs
and participants of Postgraduate Diploma. The main aim of the KII was to understand the perception on
the impact of the project especially in enhancing the capacity of service providers (i.e. governmental
officials including NGOs and CBOs) (Annex 1.2 for list of individuals consulted).
Case Studies: In each project district, the Consultant visited beneficiary families to understand the
changes brought by the project, and their perception on the project.
1.4 Organization of the Evaluation Study Report
This Report is structured in three Chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the project – goals,
objectives and activities, objectives and methods of the evaluation study. Chapter 2 discusses the
results of the project in terms of implementation modality, relevancy, effectiveness, efficiency, impact
and sustainability. The final Chapter draws the Conclusions based on the findings of the Evaluation
Study and recommendations.
6
Chapter 2
Results
This Chapter begins by examining implementation modality of the project, the project’s achievement in
terms of its targeted activities and outputs and moves to evaluating the relevancy, efficiency,
effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the project.
2.1 Implementation Modality of the Grant Program
In each project district, the project was implemented following the Project Implementation Guideline
developed by Department of Women and Children.
The grant transferring activity was initiated from May, 2011. Before that in each project VDC, one VDC
level meeting was conducted in order to identify the number of beneficiary families from each ward. In
the second stage, ward level meetings were held in each ward in order to select the project beneficiary
families from the ward. The ward level meetings were challenging to select the appropriate project
beneficiaries. In Mirul VDC of Rolpa, for example, it is reported that more number of children and
elderly participated in the ward level meeting because of absence of adults in the village due to the
migration. This made it difficult to disseminate the concepts of the project to the target population.
According to the Partner NGOs, the project selected the neediest families. This is because the target
population themselves were involved in the selection process. However, in few cases, such as according
to a Field Worker of Thawang VDC, Rolpa, some of the project beneficiaries also come from relatively
better off families. In Patabhar VDC, Bardiya, one of the conflict affected families who received the
grants of Rs. 12,000 was the Constituent Assembly member from United Nepal Communist Party of
Nepal (Maoist). There is also complaint from partner NGOs from Rukum and Achham districts that
some benefits of the project have been captured by elites.
In the third stage, a survey was conducted to identify the type of IGA preferred by the project
beneficiaries. The project beneficiaries were asked to report a specific type of IGA depending upon
their interest, capacity and experiences and market of the goods. After completion of the survey, three-
day skill development training was provided to all beneficiaries in collaboration with District Offices of
Agricultural and Small Cottage Industry.
In the fourth stage, the partner NGO motivated the beneficiaries to open bank account and brought
sample of Bank Signature to the village. The partner NGOs approached the bank with the citizenships
and photos of the project beneficiaries and assisted opening the bank account in which grants of Rs.
12,000 were transferred. In the fifth stage, the NGO partner supported and/or monitored the IGA such
as buying of goats, pigs, cattle, tailoring machines and others by the beneficiary families from the
grants.
For the implementation of the grant support, the project either mobilized the already formed groups or
formed a new group. In Banke, the project formed a Main Committee representing all beneficiary
7
families in a VDC and under the Main Committee; a nine-member Action Team was formed. A Fund was
established by collecting Rs. 1,000 from each beneficiary so as to develop the Main Committee as a
Cooperative in future. The WDO closely monitored the work of partner NGOs. In Rolpa, some partner
NGOs formed a group from the beneficiary families (Kureli, Uwa and Gam VDCs) while others mobilized
the woman group, mother group already formed (Mirul VDC) and in Jelbang VDC, the beneficiary
families were contacted through a focal person. In Bardiya, already formed groups were mobilized in
Patabhar and Motipur VDCs while in Mohamamdpur, Dhadhawar and Thakurdwaraa new groups were
formed to effectively mobilize the beneficiaries. In Achham and Rukum, new groups were formed and
mobilized.
In some cases, it was also needed to transfer the bank account from an original holder to another
family member because of the death of the original holder. In Thawang, Rolpa, four beneficiaries died
after opening the bank account. In this case, it was essential to transfer the money to other family
members of the decreased to withdraw the money from the bank. For this, with the recommendation
of the partner NGO, the WDO recommended to the Agricultural Development Bank and Nepal Bank
Limited to transfer the account in other family members of the deceased. Further, the partner NGOs of
Achham, Rukum and Rolpa reported that although the banking system was much reliable and grants
may not be misused, it was difficult to implement because the bank was inaccessible from target VDCs.
They opined that it was also expensive for the beneficiaries to travel to the district headquarters to
open bank account and withdraw money. Beneficiaries especially from remote areas need to travel 2
or 3 days to open a bank account or withdraw the money for which they incurred cost for food, travel
and lodge – spending up to Rs. 3,000-Rs. 4,000 per head. They reported that had the cash grants been
distributed through cooperatives or women groups or provided cash directly to the beneficiaries, the
travel cost would have been reduced and all the grants money would have been used for IGA.
In order to implement the project in the VDCs, each partner NGO either employed a full time field
worker or a part-time field worker as social mobilizer. Some partner NGOs which were already running
a project in the concerned VDC employed part-time social mobilizer from JFPR fund while those which
did not have running project in the concerned VDC employed a full time social mobilizer. It is reported
that all the social mobilizers, whether part-time or full-time, were provided Terms of Reference (TOR).
The social mobilizers were instructed to report the progress in written each month in the offices of
partner NGOs and the partner NGOs reported that project's progress in each three months in the
concerned WDO. Discussion with the partner NGOs in Rukum, Achham and Rolpa, it is known that
there was little monitoring of the project activities from the WDO by visiting the interiors of project
VDCs. In case of Bardia, WDO personnel closely monitored the project activities in the VDCs. In Banke, a
partial monitoring from WDO is reported.
2.2 Outputs and Achievements
As presented in Table 2.1, under Component 3 (Capacity Development), almost all the targeted
activities were conducted on scheduled time. In case of the outputs, the project proposal had set out
both the quantitative and qualitative targets. Examining the activities in which the quantitative targets
were set out, almost all the targeted outputs were successfully achieved except the target of PGD
program. The project targeted two batches of PGD while it only conducted first batch of PGD and the
second batch could not be conducted. Enquired with the reasons for not achieving this output, the ASI
8
Project Personnel in Kathmandu reported that there was difficulty in getting the academic equivalency
of PGD program from Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), Tribhuvan University (TU). Although the
PGD program was run by St. Xavier's College affiliated with the Kathmandu University (KU), it was not
recognized as a regular program by KU itself, not producing graduate certificates. Note that CDC, TU
provides academic equivalency only if the KU recognizes first the degree. The degree would add points
for the promotion of GON officials. Therefore, without the University recognized degree, the course
itself minus any additional stipends was unable to attract the GON officials for second batch.
In conduction of Mid level, District level and VDC level trainings, the project has achieved more than its
targets. The project aimed that 50% of the target participants will attend regularly in the training;
however, 100% participants regularly attended the training. Further, more than two-thirds of the
participants consisted of females and deprived groups.
The project achieved the outputs in relation to production of advocacy and information materials. The
wall calendars have been distributed among the beneficiary families in Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and
Rukum districts and reached the district headquarter of Achham due to a month long strike in the Far-
Western Region. They are yet to be distributed in the target VDCs of these districts. The project has
been successfully implementing radio programs about social protection in target districts via six local
FM stations (Bardiya – Fulbari FM, Rolpa – Radio Rolpa, Banke – Krishna Sagar FM, Rukum – Radio Sisne
and Achham – Rama Rosan FM and Pancha Koshi (Dailekh district).
9
Table 2.1 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 3: Capacity Development)
SN Activities Targeted outputs Achieved output status
1 PGD program on social
work
Two batches: First and second
Partially Achieved, Only first batch was
produced and second batch was dropped
out
2 Mid-level TOT on
social protection
22 governmental officials
provided Mid-level TOT
Achieved, all 22 governmental officials
received the Mid-level TOT
3 District Level TOT
30 participants in each project
district
Achieved, in all project districts, there
were 30 participants but in Banke, the
participants were 33; overall, 89 males and
64 female participants
4 VDC Level Civil Society
and CBO Trainings
A 2-day training in all 31 target
VDCs
50% of the projected participant
attend regularly training
Achieved, the training was held in all 31
target VDCs. Nearly 1300 participated in
the training (Annex 2.1)
100% participated in the training
5 Advocacy and
Information Materials
6000 Nepali and 100 English
wall calendars
Radio program
Achieved, 6000 Nepali and 100 English
wall calendars were prepared and
distributed to the I/NGOs, GOs, WDOs
including to the target population
Half an hour Radio program twice a week
was held in all target districts from Local
FMs for six months (Annex 2.2)
As mentioned above, Component 4 was implemented under DWC. Under this component, the project
successfully achieved the targeted outputs with regard to preparation of project implementation,
selection of project beneficiaries, distribution of conditional cash grant of Rs. 12,000, providing skill
development training to the beneficiary families and conduction of research on value chain (Table 2.2).
Under the cash grants activity, the project did not achieve outputs at all in income generation grant of
Rs. 700 to 3700 families, grant support of Rs. 2,000 for 300 disabled families and grant support of Rs.
6,000 for 300 artisan families. When enquired with the Under Secretary of DWC, Mrs. Shanta Bhattrai,
she reported that data on disabled persons and artesian families could not be collected in the first year
of project implementation. In the second year of project implementation when DWC requested the
release of grants to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), it demanded all the receipts/invoices of
expenditure in all project activities from all the target districts. As the DWC could not submit it on time
due to the remoteness of the target districts and VDCs and no updated computerized information in
the districts, the grants were not released by the ADB. In case of the reason for no achieving the
outputs related to grants to artesian families, it was also argued that that no professional artesian
families were selected as project beneficiaries. However, the record of partner NGO in Kalagaon VDC,
Achham reveals that among the 150 beneficiary families, there was one professional artesian family.
,
10
The project activity of infrastructure development was not implemented in Achham, Banke, Rolpa and
Rukum till the first week of June, 2012. When enquired about reasons for not implementation of this
activity, the Under Secretary of DWC, Mrs. Shanta Bhattrai, reported that due to extensive procedural
requirements the release got delayed.
The WDOs in the target districts reported that some budget for this activity was released only 4 to 6
weeks prior to the end of Nepali fiscal year (mid July 2012). In Banke, out of seven program VDCs,
budget for only three VDCs was released; in other target districts, only half of the total allocated
budget was released. The Implementation Guidelines of Infrastructure Development Project prepared
by DWC in collaboration with ADB requires a number of formalities, namely, formation of user groups,
selection of project, study on technical viability of the project, endorsement of the project by District
Project Steering Committee to be completed before implementation of the activity, made it difficult to
spend money in community infrastructure development. In Bardiya, the WDO in collaboration with
partner NGOs initiated implementation of this activity from the last week of May, 2012. However, as
per the fiscal rule of Government of Nepal, one could only spend 40% of budget in the last four-month
of the fiscal year if the activity is initiated in the last four-month of the fiscal year. Thus, 40% of the
allocated budget of Rs. 700,000 in each target VDC is expected to be spent in the infrastructure
development project in Bardia.
11
Table 2.2 Targeted activities, outputs and achievement status (Component 4: Economic Empowerment)
SN Activities Targeted outputs Achieved output status
1 Preparation stage One project implementation
manual (PIM) and project grant
implementation manual (GIM)
produced
One national level orientation
training on project
implementation
One district level orientation in
each district
Achieved, produced one PIM and GIM in
English and Nepali language. The PIM
comprises of major project activities,
working modality and work plan. The GIM
details of grant implementation: roles and
responsibilities of executive agency,
implementing agency and consultants.
2 Selection of
beneficiaries families
31 VDC Level Meetings
155 Ward Level Assemblies
4000 beneficiaries identified
Achieved, the beneficiaries were selected by
exhaustive processes and involving the
community people concerned (Annex 2.3 for
district-wise beneficiaries)
3 Cash Grant Distribution Conditional cash grants to 4000
families
Income generation grant of NRs
700 (US$ 10.29) to 3700 families
Grant Support of NRs 2000 (US$
29.41) for 300 disabled families
Grant of NRs 6000 (US$ 88.23) to
300 Artisan Families
Satisfactorily achieved, 3979 families
received conditional cash grants of Rs. 12000
each
Not achieved, DWC could not collect
undated information on it
Not achieved, DWC could not collect data
about disabled families.
Not achieved, no artisan families were
reported to be selected in the project
4 Skill development
training
Skill enhancement and business
plan development training to all
4000 families
Achieved, 199 trainings provided to 3,979
families. The families selected specific IGA
based on their interest and capacity
4 Infrastructure
Development
Infrastructure development
support up to NRs 700, 000 (US$
10,294.11) to 31 VDCs each
Not achieved, this activity was not
implemented except partial implementation
initiated in Bardiya
5 Value chain activities Research and consultation
Training to WDOs and facilitating
NGOs
Market development support for
beneficiary families
Not Achieved, this activity was not
implemented, except a research on value
chain on IGA of project beneficiaries was
undertaken by ASI and report submitted to
DWC
2.3 Relevancy
JFPR funded project was implemented in the context that Nepal entered into the peace process after
10-years of armed conflict (1996-2006). The target districts are reported to be hard hit by the conflict –
12
dismantling the livelihoods of people due to killing of family members, disappearance, abduction/arrest
and displacement.
Project Relevancy: The Context of Addressing Policies
The project activities have directly contributed to the implementation of GoN plans, policies and
relevant laws. GoN has prioritized the need of conflict affected families in its policy documents and
Annual Budget Speeches. The Three Year Plan Approach Paper (2010/11-2012/13) provides a separate
Chapter on ‘Peace, Rehabilitation and Inclusive Development.' And, one of the Plan's objectives is
directly relevant to the project implemented. The Plans aims to 'provide relief to the conflict affected
people and reconstruct the physical infrastructures damaged during the conflict' (NPC, 2010:164). The
Plan recognizes that the needs of the conflict affected families are of the cross-cutting issues for
development projects.
Project Relevancy: The Perception of Key Stakeholders
Different key stakeholders and rights holders view the relevancy of the JFPR funded project in relation
to the condition of the conflict affected families. In Achham, the partner NGOs reported the relevancy
of the project to the conflict affected families as the project includes the activities like cash grants and
skill development training. Such activities are expected to improve the livelihoods of the conflict
affected families, enhance people to be self-independent, facilitate promotion of occupation and
increase positive attitudes among the community people towards peace. In Rukum, the partner NGOs
and other stakeholders viewed that JFPR project activities are more relevant as it targets to the very
poor, deprived and marginalized people, single women, conflict-induced orphans and abandoned
children. Some partner NGOs like PNGO-MIC Nepal working in Ranmamaikot, Rukum also viewed that
the JFPR activities also establish NGOs in the districts and VDCs as service providers of social protection
to the conflict affected and highly marginalized people.
The partner NGOs and TOT participants in Banke, Rolpa and Bardiya reported that this project is far
effective than that of other projects like poverty alleviation program and peace and rehabilitation and
reconstruction program commenced by Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction and Reconciliation
(MoPRR). This is because the project is visible to the conflict affected families as the project provides
the conditional grants e.g. grants are provided only if the beneficiaries i) opens the bank account, ii)
send all children to schools; ii) invests the grants on IGA; iii) does birth registration and immunization of
all children under five-years. On the other hand, it is reported that there is no mandatory of the
recipients of relief support provided by MoPRR to invest on IGA or fulfill other criteria as defined by this
project. Similarly, Poverty Alleviation Fund conducts its program by social mobilization and it has no
conditional cash transfer program.
Relevancy in Achieving the Project’s Goals
Each of the project activities has contributed to improve living conditions of conflict affected people.
13
As noted the Post Graduation Diploma (PGD) Course on Social Protection was run by St. Xavier College.
Reviewing the contents of the PGD, the PGD course had four objectives: i) make students understand
the concept of social work principle, methods, values and problem solving process including social
structure and social issues of Nepal like marginal section of the society, children, women, elderly and
formal and informal employment and issues of land rights; ii) explore the concept of human rights
including environmental justice, rights and juvenile justice, women issues and women rights; iii)
provide knowledge on Local Self Government Act 1998 (2055), Government’s institutional mechanism
for delivery of social protection including the role of INGOs, NGOs, GOs and civil society and iv) provide
knowledge on personality and leadership development, data collection technique and research.
PGD participants interviewed opined the highly relevancy of the PGD course in their working areas.
They feel that they have increased knowledge on social protection issues. They had not learnt about
social protection issues even for preparation of entering into Government. Even after joining in the
Government, they did not have opportunity to expose in social protection issues. Nirmala Thapa, a
Section Officer of Ministry of Commerce and a PGD participant – opined that it is the Section Officer in
Government apparatus from which any initiation of policy takes place and hence, as the majority of
PGD participants were from the Section Officers, it is expected that they are more inclined to
incorporate social protection policies in their relevant working areas. Another PGD participant, Nirmala
Adhikari, a Section Officer in DWC reported that they have learnt a lot about discipline in St. Xavier
College as it was very strict on time, routine and assessment. This practice will have long term impact
on the PGD participants. It is also reported that Ministry of General Administration has recognized the
PGD degree for promotion purpose.
Analysing the contents of Mid-level, district level TOT and VDC level training, it appears that major
issues of social protection were covered in the trainings such as concepts of social protection, child
rights conventions in relation to child rights situation of Nepal, national standards and practices of Child
Care Homes, counseling services for victims, referral mechanism and support agencies, problem solving
techniques, community based research methods, communication skills, mediation and formation of
peer pressure group, project monitoring and evaluation techniques and its use at local context and
right to information.
When asked to the Mid-level TOT participants in target districts, they reported that training program
was much relevant for their work. When enquired about the new things learnt in the Mid-Level TOT to
an Officer of District Child Welfare Board (DCWB), Bardiya, she responded that it was her first time
training on social protection. She reported that she learnt how to deal and care with the disabled
persons, senior citizens and children at risk and how to provide community care to the vulnerable
children. She claimed that after TOT, she knew that right to protection of children is crucially important
one, especially in Bardiya district. Another TOT participant, Mr. Dhan Singh Giri, Section Officer, District
Court, Bardiya reported that he learnt a lot in the training about social protection issues. He reported
that his self-esteem to work has increased in the court. He says, 'I learnt about social protection for the
first time in my life. Before, I only knew about limited legal justice. Now, I realize that issues of social
protection are also related to legal justice issues. As I am working in the Order Implementation Section
in the court, I found the training very relevant on how to deal with the victims from human rights
perspective'.
In Banke, Mid-Level TOT participants reported that they were able to discern between the concepts of
social protection and social security – social protection is the overall goal of the society while the social
14
security is the strategy to achieve the goal. They also reported that they learnt about the processes of
receiving allowances by the senior citizens, single women and disabled persons.
In Rolpa, the Mid-Level TOT participants interviewed remembered the main contents given in the TOT
such as project cycle and project management, social security and gender auditing, government social
security policy and programs, PRA techniques, foreign labor migration, overall protection mechanism
and needs of vulnerable groups. All the Mid-level TOT participants were involved as resource person
for the district level TOT.
In Bardiya, Shankar Rokaya, VDC Secretary, Thakurdwaraa VDC reported that he received district level
TOT. He says, 'I understand that social protection not only involves elderly or disabled persons or single
woman allowances as provided by the Government, but rather it also involves other needs of the
vulnerable population'.
In Achham, the TOT participants interviewed (WDO, DCWB, Section Officer of District Development
Office, DDC) reported that they have for the first time received training on social protection. They
reported that the training increased their leadership quality, capacity to create awareness on social
protection and formation of right holder groups. The training also provided opportunity to work in
collaboration with other GOs and NGOs for skill development and awareness raising activities.
The District Level participants also prepared action plan for each target VDCs in each district. The plan
of action lists various meetings and discussions on child rights, violence against women, child marriage,
chhaupadi, untouchability, respecting senior citizens, social protection of vulnerable groups and VDC
level trainings on social protection.
For the VDC level training, a simple and understandable training curriculum was developed. The
curriculum covers issues of social security policies and strategies of Nepal, special provisions under the
social security for vulnerable community, referral mechanism for access of such services and
counselling services and contact centres for victims. In addition, psychosocial counseling, awareness on
sanitation, mediation were also shared. After the training, participants' feedback was sought and the
majority of participants realized that the training was able to create a pressure group for better service
delivery at the local level, create knowledge about local social service delivery system and processes to
avail the services. However, the participants complained that two days was very short to get better
insights on social protection issues.
The project activity of advocacy and information materials provide information on social protection
entitlements provided by the government in areas of free primary education to children going to
government schools, maternity allowance to mothers giving birth in a government hospital, benefits to
families sending girl child to school, provision of allowance to single women, senior citizens and
physically disabled persons. This information is vital in the context that majority of people do not have
knowledge on Social protection programs and a few receive the entitlements as well.
The project activity of conditional grants of Rs. 12,000 has been viewed by all the key stakeholders as
the most relevant program for the conflict affected and vulnerable families as they have partially or
fully lost their livelihood during the conflict either due to the death of their family member(s),
disappearance, injury or displacement.
15
2.4 Effectiveness
Evidence suggests that JFPR-funded project has been effective to addressing the set objectives of the
project through its effective capacity development activities of postgraduate program, training to
national to regional, district and village levels on social protection; effective networking and
coordination with different Governmental as well as non-Governmental organizations, good leadership
of DWC and ASI and viable strategies to reach the unreached, effective partnership with local NGOs,
rising awareness on social protection of both duty bearers and rights holders through IEC materials and
radio program. This all has resulted to social protection as a public issue, more commitments of local
Governments on social protection, more number of women issuing citizenship certificates, more
number of children under five births registered and in some cases increase female age at marriage.
Social Protection Becoming a Public Issue: The Context of Mid-Level, District Level and VDC Level
Training on Social Protection
Evidence suggests that people have increasingly become aware on the processes of receiving the
entitlements related to senior citizens, single women, disabled persons and others. In Banke, it is
reported that before the program intervention, people used to go to District Administration Office to
receive social security entitlements, now people rightly understand that it is the WDO. In Mahadevpuri
VDC, Banke, 3 disabled persons received certificates from the WDO after the program intervention.
Similar evidences have been reported from other target districts as well. Gokarna Pun, DCWB, Rolpa
reported that community people are increasingly becoming aware on legal provisions of social
protection. Women started demanding their needs to the VDC offices and concerned authorities. In
Rukum, the District Level TOT participants reported that it was the training that internalized the issues
of social protection among GOs, NGOs and VDCs working in the district.
Drawing on the discussion with the NGO partners in the target districts, it is known that before the
program intervention, VDC Secretary did not care about allocation of budget for social security
measures and in some of the cases, they used to cheat and draw the allowances of the deceased by
fictitiously signing in the allowance list. Now, people are much aware on the Social protection programs
and VDC Secretary cannot do irregularities in this connection.
Increase in Commitments on Social Protection among Local Government Officials
The Mid-level training participants reported that a number of activities were carried out after they
received the TOT on social protection both in relation to their own offices and for a public use. Dhan
Singh Giri, Section Officer, District Court, Bardiya reported that he shared the contents learnt in the
TOT in the community. He says, 'I understand that court has also important role to promote issues of
social protection. In the village, people do not want to file a complaint because of the fear and risk of
revictimization'.
In Rolpa, a Section Officer of DDC, Ram Kumar Neupane - Mid-Level TOT participant - insisted to
allocate DDC budget for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups. DDC, Rolpa allocated 17% of its capital
expenditure in fiscal year (FY) 2009/10; 38% in FY 2010/11 and 27% in FY 2011/12 for children, women,
Janjati, Dalit target programs. It has already allocated budget for three VDCs for building birthing
centers and is planning to allocate budget in FY 2012/11 in other three VDCs. The DDC also distributed
16
217 sets of solar lamps targeting marginalized communities and women in order to reduce their work
burden.
Laxmi Nepal, DCWB, Bardiya says, 'I have attempted to reintegrate children at risk in the family and
community. In some of the cases, such as a girl of 13 years of age was raped by her father, she is going
to be sent to a rehabilitation center. We have now established emergency fund for children at risk – the
fund is contributed by Central Child Welfare Board (CCWB), WDO and NGOs of Rs. 75,000 to 80,000'.
We learnt that those VDC secretaries involved in the project as TOT participants or trainers themselves
have become aware on social protection and in some cases they are also involved in advocacy of social
protection. Shankar Rokaya, VDC Secretary, Thakurdwaraa VDC, Bardiya reported that he was involved
in the VDC level training as a trainer – provided training to women, conflict affected families, mother
groups, senior citizens and disabled persons. He said that before receiving the TOT, he was not
concerned about the budget allocated for social protection issue. After receiving training, he has firmly
followed the Guideline of Ministry of Local Development that VDC should allocate at least 15% of its
current annual budget to vulnerable groups such as indigenous people, senior citizens, disabled
persons, Dalit, disadvantaged groups and endangered ethnic groups. He further said that he has
allocated Rs. 20,000 for the study of disabled persons in the VDC in Fiscal Year of 2011/12. The VDC is
also planning to provide grants for construction of toilet especially in poor communities to make VDC
open defection free area, respect senior citizens and support education materials (bags, books,
exercise-books, uniform) to children from marginalized groups. Man Bahadur Khatri, VDC Secretary of
Khara VDC, Rukum reported that he is much aware on social security issues after he received training in
the district.
Increase in Issuing Citizenship Certificate, Birth Registration, Schooling of Children and Female
Age at Marriage
In the target districts, it is reported that some of the beneficiaries received citizenship certificates after
the program intervention, which is a positive externality. This is because it is mandatory to have a
citizenship certificate to open bank account. VDC secretaries in all the target districts we interviewed
also reported that birth registration has also increased in these districts.
One of the crucially important effectiveness of the project is that there has been increase in schooling
of children in the project VDCs. This holds true especially for girls. Our discussion with the key
stakeholders as well as the case studies (See Annex 2.4) reveals that all the project beneficiary families
are regularly sending their children to schools. This holds even for Dalit, Indigenous people and
Muslims.
In Banke and Bardiya, it was reported that due to the program intervention, especially of capacity
development training in the VDC, people became aware on legal age at marriage. In some program
VDCs in Banke, child clubs and VCPC are formed which have become watchdog against child and early
marriage. There are 526 child clubs 21 VCPC out of 46 VDCs of Banke. Due to the pressure of these
child clubs and VCPC, the VDCs are reported to have allocated at least 10% of VDC capital expenditure
in child protection issue.
17
2.5 Efficiency
The allocative efficiency of the project appears to be adequate in some activities while it is inadequate
in others.
The performance in Mid-level TOT was reported to be satisfactory. Yet in some cases the TOT
participants viewed that it was not as expected; hand-outs were provided in English rather than in
Nepali language making it difficult to understand the contents completely and materials were not
adequately provided. The participants viewed that the TOT could have introduced contents related to
protection of girl child from sexual violence, provisions of social protection and legal treatment in the
Civil Code, awareness about Vital Registration –births, deaths, marriage, migration - as these events are
related with the issues of social protection. It was reported in Banke that the Mid-level TOT participants
effectively revised the manual for District level TOT as per local needs based on the guidelines set by
the Mid-Level TOT.
Discussion with the training participants, partner NGOs and officials of WDOs, the project has
optimized a maximum output in the given inputs, especially in relation to activities of running of
postgraduate program, training to the service providers (mid-level, district and VDC levels) and
mobilization of conflict affected families for utilization of grants in IGA. There was no way to achieve
the same outputs by spending few resources. The cost for mobilization of partner NGOs, DDC level and
VDC level training, for example, could not be reduced. The partner NGOs complained that they have
very few resources as a mobilization cost of Rs. 150,000/per partner NGO for the entire project
implementation period. In the hills, the project VDCs are far from the district headquarters, requiring 2
to 3 days walking from the district headquarters. The low mobilization cost of partner NGOs resulted to
either not employing a full time field workers or no regular supervision from the districts. In Rolpa, only
in Gam VDC, the partner NGO employed a full time field worker while in other VDCs, they employed
part-time field workers. The same condition holds for other target districts as well. However, all partner
NGOs in all the target districts developed TOR for the field workers: collection of data, mobilization of
the beneficiary families, informing the beneficiary families about the project activities such as opening
the bank account, bringing the beneficiaries to the bank, and observation of the IGA carried out by the
beneficiaries.
In some areas, for example, granting a conditional grant of Rs. 12,000 to women, the efficiency is very
high when one compares the value of outputs to cost of inputs. The grant was provided through a bank
account of individual beneficiaries. Despite time consuming process of opening of the bank account for
all individual beneficiaries, this process has reduced the risk of mis-utilization of grants by the
beneficiaries themselves as well as by their family members. In majority of cases, grants released to the
beneficiaries were reported to be utilized immediately while in some cases, the grants were utilized
within 3-4 months of the release and there are also few cases in which grants could not be mobilized
even after 9-12 months of the release. In Rolpa, it is reported that 8 or 9 beneficiaries still have not
withdrawn money from the bank to initiate IGA even after the release of money some 9 or 10 months
ago. This is mainly due to the migration of adult family members from the house (6 beneficiaries) and
death of the beneficiaries (3). In some cases, as the project selected the very old and disabled persons
who themselves could not run the IGA.
Despite these problems, it is found that an overwhelming majority of grant receivers utilized all the
grant money in an IGA while a few also spent some grant money on household consumption.
18
The social protection information has been disseminated in all target districts including bordering
districts though FM stations. This could not have been achieved had there been Radio Program from a
central level or other IEC materials, for which the cost may come to the same as of the FM in the
districts.
In other areas, e.g., the delay of releasing the infrastructure development budget to the target districts,
more attention needs to be paid to allocative efficiency. This activity could have been effectively
implemented had there been allocation of budget on time given the preparation already done by the
community people, partner NGOs and WDOs (Box 2.1).
In Rolpa, all the 6 VDCs already formed User Committees and four VDCs have already submitted the
estimates for the infrastructure development to WDO. The estimates were prepared with help of the
technical persons from the VDCs. For this, the partner NGOs conducted a VDC level meeting
representing from the key stakeholders including the target groups. The VDC level meeting prioritized
the types of infrastructure to be constructed. Construction of safe-drinking water, community building,
paddy or wheat crusher mill and maintenance of suspension bridge are the proposed infrastructure
development projects. In Bardiya, construction of community building and shed for weekly market are
the major demands for infrastructure development by the conflict affected families. In Achham, three
VDCs have already prepared estimates of the infrastructure projects like safe drinking water and school
building in Dhakari VDC, construction of water taps and a floor mill in Bardadevi VDC and construction
of a floor mill in Bhatakatiya VDC. In Rukum, four VDCs have already prepared estimates of
infrastructure development projects like safe drinking water and road construction (6 kilometers) in
Khara VDC, suspension bridge and safe drinking water in Hukam. It is reported that three safe drinking
water projects in Pipal VDC and one suspension bridge and one safe drinking water projects in Mahat
VDC have been formulated. In Mahat, the infrastructure project benefits 45 to 50 households. In
Banke, three VDCs have already prepared the estimates of infrastructure projects.
Although the study has not carried out the cost-benefit analysis of the project, it can be inferred from
the discussion with conflict affected families, training participants, WDOs and partner NGOs that the
project has achieved more value of outputs than the cost incurred in the program. This is because some
of the outputs such as opening bank accounts and issuing citizenship certificates to women, increasing
awareness on social protection issues among conflict affected and vulnerable families, enhancing
professionalism in social protection among service providers, and mobilization of conflict affected and
vulnerable families in IGA cannot be always equated with money. They possess independent value
themselves.
Box 2.1: Infrastructure Development Budget not spent: A missed opportunity
Junmaya Rokka Magar is the chairperson of the User Committee formed in Uwa VDC, Rolpa to
construct community building from the grants of JFPR project. The Committee comprises of 11
persons in the VDC. The Committee was formed with the hope that infrastructure development
project will be implemented in the VDC. Looking at the minutes of the User Committee, four VDC
level meetings have already been conducted. One villager committed to grant land for construction
of a community building. Junmaya says, 'if the project is not implemented, the community people
will be greatly frustrated with the partner NGOs, WDO and government. I strongly demand that the
project should be implemented in the coming Fiscal Year if it is not possible in this Fiscal Year'
19
2.6 Impact
The project has reported to have contributed to i) increased income of the conflict affected and
vulnerable families; ii) increased awareness on social protection.
Increase in Annual Income
The project targeted 4,000 beneficiaries in 31 target VDCs for provision of conditional cash grants
(Annex 2.3). Of them, 3,979 families have received grant support. Of the recipients, 76.6% have opted
for goat-raising; followed by buffalo raising (6%), retail shop (5.8%), piggery (5.7%), vegetable farming
(2.4%), poultry (1.8%) and others (1.6%). Goat-raising is the main IGA carried out in all target districts
(Table 2.3).
20
Table 2.3 Distribution of project beneficiaries by income generating activities
Income generating
activities
Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total %
Goat raising 686 440 276 776 874 3052 76.6
Buffalo raising 37 123 76 5 1 242 6.1
Retail shop 93 43 90 4 2 232 5.8
Piggery 0 37 115 66 11 229 5.7
Vegetable farming 31 7 10 46 0 94 2.4
Poultry 53 17 1 2 0 73 1.8
Others 0 17 32 1 12 62 1.6
Total 900 684 600 900 900 3984 100.0
Note: Others include fishery (in Banke), tailoring, medicine shop (in Banke), meat shop (in Banke and Bardia),
ginger and herbal farming (Rukum), furniture workshop and cycle repairing (in Banke and Bardiya).
Source: Project Progress November 2011 – March 2012.
Our case studies suggest that IGA carried out by the beneficiary families, in many cases, has
contributed to increase income (Box 2.2 and Annex 2.4 for cases). Income generating activities like
furniture and cycle repairing workshops, tailoring and piggery were found to be of high IGA –
contributing more than 50% for the household income. The combination of activities of goat-raising
and retail shops also contributed to increase income more than 10% annually while IGA of only goat-
raising reveals that the number of goats doubled during the 12 months of the grant received. And,
drawing on the discussion with the families of goat-raising, it is expected that the goats will contribute
to more than 10% annual increase in household income.
In Khara VDC of Rukum district, some beneficiary families have invested the grants in ginger
production. In our two case studies, one beneficiary invested about Rs. 5,000 grants on buying of ginger
seeds and the remaining used for paying the debt. Both the beneficiaries reported that they have
produced about 250-300 Kg. ginger from the investment of grants. The beneficiaries reported that
there is system of selling of sutho – flour of ginger made through melding it. One Kg. sutho may be
produced from 6 Kg ginger. In the last year, the prices of sutho went up to Rs. 1,900/Kg. but this year,
the price has fallen to Rs. 1,200 per Kg. and hence, the beneficiaries were waiting to sell sutho at the
time of survey. Assuming that per 6 Kg. ginger would produce one Kg. sutho, there will be 50 Kg. sutho
from 300 Kg. ginger and assuming the current price of Rs. 1,200 per Kg. the beneficiary would earn (50
Kg. sutho * Rs. 1200) = Rs. 60,000 annually.
21
Box 2.2 Changes brought by conditional grants of Rs. 12,000 among conflict affected families
Cases Location IGA Earning Saving Impact
1 Thakurdwaraa,
Bardiya-1
Cycle repair
workshop
Rs. 300-400 daily Rs. 50 daily in a
cooperative
No income before PI
No saving
2 Thakurdwara-1,
Bardiya
Furniture
workshop
Monthly Rs.
18,000-20,000
Daily Rs. 200
Bank Rs. 14,000
Bought tools worth
Rs. 28,000
Invested Rs. 40,000 to
send younger brother
for foreign labour
migration
Less than Rs. 5,000
before PI
No electrical tools
No saving
3 Thakurdwara-6,
Bardiya
Small grocery
shop
Rs. 200-300 daily Rs. 200 monthly in a
bank
No daily income
before PI
4 Thakurdwara-6,
Bardiya
Tailoring Rs. 300-Rs.400
daily
6 Qt. paddy and
1.5 Qt. wheat
annually
Rs. 1,000 monthly in a
cooperative
Less than 200 daily
income
Only 2-3 Qt. paddy or
wheat annual
5 Naubasta-6,
Banke
Goat raising
and tea shop
Rs. 300-400 daily Rs. 100 daily in a
cooperative
No regular income
and saving before PI
6 Naubasta-6,
Banke
Goat raising
and tea shop
Rs. 300-400 daily Rs. 100 daily in a
cooperative
No regular income
and saving before PI
7 Naubasta-7,
Banke
Small shop Rs. 300-400 daily Rs. 50-100 daily in a
cooperative
No regular income
and saving before PI
8 Naubasta-2,
Banke
Goat raising Bought two goats
Now 4 goats
Rs. 25 monthly in a
cooperative
No goats and saving
before PI
9 Naubasta-2,
Banke
Goat raising Bought two goats
Now 4 goats
One sold in Rs.
2,400
Rs. 25 monthly in a
cooperative
No goats and saving
before PI
10 Naubasta-2,
Banke
Goat raising Bought 2 goats in
Rs. 6000 given in
a loan
Rs. 25 monthly in a
cooperative
No goats and saving
before PI
11 Kureli-5, Rolpa Piggery Bought one goat
Sold 9 baby pigs
in Rs. 18000
New income from
pigs
12 Khara-6, Rukum Goat raising Bought 2 goats
Produced two
goats
Rs. 30 monthly in a
woman group
Sold one baby-goat in
Rs. 2,600
22
13 Khara-9, Rukum Goat raising Bought two goats Rs. 100 monthly in a
woman group
No income by now
Market value of goats
14,000
14 Khara-5, Rukum Goat raising Bought 3 goats Rs. 20 monthly in a
woman group
No income by now
Market value of goats
Rs. 18,000
15 Khara-5, Rukum Ginger farming Rs. 5000 invested
to buy seeds of
ginger
Rs. 75 monthly in a
woman group
Produced about 300
Kg. ginger and still to
sell
16 Khara-5, Rukum Ginger farming Rs. 5000 invested
to buy seeds of
ginger
Produced about 250
Kg. ginger and still to
sell
Note: PI refers to program intervention.
Source: Field Survey, 2012.
The household survey collected information about type of IGA in which grants invested and a total of
926 households were surveyed from four project districts (Achham, Banke, Bardiya and Rolpa). Of
them, 636 or 69% initiated goat-raising as IGA from the grants they received. On the average, 2.3 goats
per project beneficiary were bought – being highest in Rolpa (2.7), followed by Banke (2.5), Bardiya
(2.2) and Achham (2.1) and Rukum (2.0). The average buying cost for one goat was Rs. 4,750. Data
reveal that within the one-year of project intervention, the number of goats increased about 4.7 per
beneficiary. Given that on the average, Rs. 4,750 is the selling price of a goat, estimated price of the
goats if all sold at the time of survey comes out to be Rs. 22,325 - the highest being in Rolpa (Rs.
26,125), Banke (Rs. 22,325), Achham (Rs. 21,850), Bardiya (21,375) and Rukum (19,950).
23
Table 2.4 Overview of changes in number of goats and estimated price of goats
Districts Number of
beneficiary
families
Number of goats bought Number of goats
now Estimated
price if sold
all (in Rs.)
Sum of
goats
bought
Average
number
bought
Average grants
spent per
beneficiary family
(in Rs.)
Sum of
goats
Average
number
now
Achham 145 306 2.1 9,975 658 4.6 21,850
Banke 119 300 2.5 11,875 553 4.7 22,325
Bardiya 69 149 2.2 10,450 312 4.5 21,375
Rolpa 144 389 2.7 12,825 771 5.5 26,125
Rukum 159 316 2.0 10,400 668 4.2 19,950
Total 636 1,460 2.3 11,400 2,962 4.7 22,325
Note: Estimated price for a goat is Rs. 4,750.
Source: Household Survey, 2012.
In case of piggery, out of 750 beneficiaries interviewed, 58 were engaged in piggery. On the average, 2
pigs were bought. In the survey period, the number of pigs is reported to increase 259 – making on an
average 4.5 pigs among the beneficiaries involved in piggery.
In the household survey, respondents were asked about their household income before and after PI.
Data reveal that the average annual household income ranged from Rs. 25,000 to Rs.30,000– the low
range in the hill districts. This average household annual income is far below than that of poverty line
of Nepal, which is Rs. 43,325. We have calculated increase in household income by asking the
respondents to what extent they have earned from the grants they received and if they have not
earned by now, how much they can sell the assets they have from the grants. The result indicates that
the increase in household income/assets, on the average, is estimated to be Rs. 11,000. Thus, taking all
the project beneficiaries, the project contributed to increase household income from 36% to 45%
within the one and half year of PI. In some of the IGA activities in which the project beneficiaries
involved such as ginger in Rukum, piggery in Rolpa, Tailoring in Bardiya and fishery in Banke, the project
beneficiaries’ household income increased by more than 100% and in IGA activities such as furniture
and cycle repairing, household income increased by more than 200% during the PI period (Box 2.3).
Box 2.3 Changes in household income due to PI
Description Amount or Percentage
Average household income before PI Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 30,000
Average income increase during the one-year of PI Rs. 11,000
% increase in household income 36% to 45%
In ginger (Rukum), Piggery (Rolpa), Tailoring (Bardiya), fishery (Banke) More than 100%
In furniture (Bardiya), cycle repairing (Bardiya) More than 200%
Increase Saving Habit
Data from the household survey reveals that the project has contributed to considerably increase
beneficiaries opening up bank account (Table 2.5). For example, only 12.5% of the respondents
reported that they had a bank account before the program intervention against 91 % having bank
24
account now. Opening bank accounts especially for women residing in rural areas has considerable
values. It leads to increase women's mobility to go to the bank and expose with the outer world.
Women also feel more secure when they have a bank account with some money. Data also reveal that
the proportion of project beneficiaries saving their monthly income in a bank or a cooperative or a
women group has also considerably increased from 31% before the project intervention to 68% after
the project intervention. As mentioned in the case studies, depending upon the type of IGA, women
deposit from as low as Rs. 50 monthly (goat-raising and piggery) to as high as Rs. 6,000 (those involved
in furniture, cycle repairing etc).
Table 2.5 Overview of changes in bank accounts and monthly saving habits (in %)
District Opened bank
account before PI
Bank account
holders
Monthly saving in a
bank, cooperative or
women group before PI
Monthly saving in a bank,
cooperative or women
group after PI
Achham 8.3 97.8 46.7 81.1
Banke 16.6 92.4 44.5 72.5
Bardiya 22.3 94.4 34.1 93.3
Rolpa 5.0 80.6 20.0 63.9
Rukum 9.7 91.9 6.3 29.3
Total 12.5 91.4 30.9 68.4
Source: Household Survey, 2012.
Respondents were asked to what extent the grants supported on family livelihood (Table 2.6). Overall,
half of the respondents agreed that the grants contributed either to ‘much’ or ‘very much’ while 43%
disagreed (less or very less) that grants contributed to support their livelihood. Another 7% were
undecided. Among the districts, nearly 6 in 10 in Banke, 5 in 10 in Bardiya, nearly 8 in 10 in Rolpa and
nearly 4 in 10 in Rukum agreed that the grants contributed to improve family livelihood (Table 2.6).
Table 2.6 Respondents perception on extent of support from the grants on livelihood in the family
Extent of contribution on
family livelihood Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum
Total
Very much 0.0 1.0 1.1 21.5 16.7 7.8
Much 27.0 59.5 48.6 53.7 20.7 42.4
Undecided 2.2 11.0 5.6 10.7 1.1 6.3
Less 66.3 25.5 40.2 13.0 40.8 36.9
Very less 4.5 3.0 4.5 1.1 20.7 6.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
N* 178 200 179 177 174 908
Note: 18 cases were missing and hence not included in this Table.
Source: Household Survey, 2012.
Increased Awareness on Social Protection
One of the key aims of the project was to increase awareness among vulnerable and conflict affected
people about the Government social protection entitlements and thereby increase the recipients of
Social protection programs. In the household survey, some of the key GoN key entitlements were
enquired whether or not the project beneficiaries are aware on it. GoN has the provision of senior
citizen monthly allowance of Rs. 500 for persons aged 70 years and above; single women monthly
allowance of Rs. 500 for widow of any age; senior citizen of Dalit allowance of Rs. 500 for persons aged
25
60 years and above; and engendered indigenous people monthly allowance of Rs. 500 for all persons
irrespective of age.
Data reveal that knowledge on senior citizen allowance ranges from 74% in Rolpa to 94% in Achham
and Rukum – revealing that its knowledge has almost become universal. Before PI, knowledge on
senior citizen allowance ranged as low as 49% in Rolpa as high as 63% in Achham.
More than three-fourth of the respondents (78%) know about single women allowance now against
merely 50% before PI. Among the project districts, the highest proportion of respondents in Rukum
(92%), followed by Banke (83%), Achham (77%), Bardiya (71%) and 67% in Rolpa know about single
women allowance. Sixty-three per cent project beneficiaries are aware about the senior citizen
allowance of Dalit people against merely 39% before PI and 29% of the respondents are aware on the
government provision for endangered indigenous allowance for all persons against only 13% before PI
(Table 2.7).
Further, about 84% of the respondents knew about the child registration – with highest in Bardiya
(93%) and least in Rolpa (70%). Before PI, only 56% respondents knew about the need of birth
registration, on the average.
Table 2.7 Percentage distribution of respondents reporting knowledge on Social protection programs
before and after PI
Knowledge on
Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa
Rukum Total
After PI
Senior citizen allowance 93.3 86.7 88.8 74.4 93.2 87.3
Single women allowance 77.2 83.4 70.9 67.2 92.0 78.3
Dalit allowance 67.8 64.9 69.8 38.3 72.2 62.6
Endangered indigenous people
allowance 23.9 41.2 54.7 13.9 9.7 29.2
% of beneficiaries knew about
child birth registration 88.3 84.4 92.7 70.0 83.7 83.8
Before PI
Senior citizen allowance 63.3 51.7 53.8 49.4 53.2 54.3
Single women allowance 52.2 53.4 45.9 42.2 57.0 50.1
Dalit allowance 47.8 42.9 43.8 23.3 37.2 39.0
Endangered indigenous people
allowance 3.9 16.2 29.7 8.9 4.7 12.7
% of beneficiaries knew about
child birth registration 58.3 56.4 57.7 50 59.7 56.4
Source: Household Survey, 2012.
Media Exposure and Social Protection
As discussed in Chapter one, the project has carried out advocacy on social protection at the district
level through launching of Radio Program. In the household survey, respondents were asked whether
or not they have habit of hearing FM Radio and data reveal that 39% of respondents in Achham, 52% in
26
Banke, 33% in Bardiya and 57% in Rolpa and 65% in Rukum have habit of hearing of a FM daily or two
or three times in a week. The respondents who reported that they heard of FM were further asked the
name of FM station they usually heard about. As presented in Annex 2.2, the project has run six
months program on social protection through six FM stations in five project districts.
In Rolpa, the project funded Radio Rolpa. It is found that 39% of respondents heard this FM. In Bardiya,
Fulbari FM was funded and it was found that 43% of respondents in Bardiya heard this FM; in Banke,
Krishnasar FM was funded, and it was found that 7% respondents in Banke and 15.5% in Bardiya usually
heard this FM; in Achham, the project funded Ramaroshan FM and it was found that 90.5%
respondents in Achham heard this FM and in Rukum, the project funded Radio Sisne, and 20% of
respondents heard this FM (Table 2.8).
Table 2.8 Percentage distribution of respondents by heard of FM, FM funded by the project and social protection
program
Achham Banke Bardiya Rolpa Rukum Total
Heard of FM Radio?
Yes 38.9 52.1 33.0 57.2 65.3 49.4
No 61.1 47.9 67.0 42.8 34.7 50.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 180 211 179 180 176 926
If heard, name of FMs
FMs funded by project: Radio Rolpa, Rolpa 1.6 4.9 38.6 10.3
Fulbari, Bardiya 43.1 5.7
Krishnasar FM, Banke 6.9 15.5 3.6
Radio Ramaroshan FM,
Achham 90.5 13.0
Radio Sisne, Rukum 20.0 5.2
Other FMs: Jaljala FM, Rolpa 1.0 54.5 12.8
Sunchhahari f.m. 2.9 2.0 1.1
Veri FM, Banke 1.6 36.3 25.9 5.0 38.3 23.2
Tikapur, Kailali 1.7 0.2
Jana aawaz 4.9 1.7 1.4
Gurubaba 12.1 1.6
Bageshwari FM, Banke 24.5 5.7
Rubaru FM 2.9 0.7
Sudur Aawaj FM 6.3 0.9 1.1
Radio Himal 5.9 1.4
Kohalpur FM 9.8 2.3
Sano Veri FM 38.3 10.0
Uttar Ganga FM 0.9 0.2
Sarada FM 1.7 0.5
Total 100.0
N* 63 102 58 101 115 439
Heard about social
protection program from
FM?
Yes 85.7 73.6 81.4 78.6 53.0 72.4
No 14.3 26.4 18.6 21.4 47.0 27.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
N 70 110 59 103 115 457
27
Note: * 7 cases are missing in Achham, 8 cases in Banke, 1 case in Bardiya, 2 cases in Rolpa and these cases are
not included in Table.
Respondents were asked whether they heard about social protection from these FMs and it was found
that nearly three-fourth (72%) of project beneficiaries who usually heard about FM listen to programs
related to social protection i.e. senior citizen, single women, disabled persons, conflict affected families
and children, free maternal health services and free primary education message.
2.7 Sustainability
Sustainability of project’s achievements has been assessed in two areas: i) program/benefit
sustainability and ii) organizational sustainability. Scaling of ‘average’ refers to the project has
developed the ground for sustainability but continued support is needed to sustain the achievement.
The scaling used ‘good’ refers to the project has developed the ground for sustainability well.
Program/benefit sustainability can be said to be average due to the following reasons:
• The TOT participants and PGD graduates have a strong sense of ownership in the benefits of
the programs and they have also applied in their own fields.
• Sustainability at the individual level is the IGA carried out by the beneficiary families, their
increasing professionalism and increasing income. The practice of saving among the
beneficiary families in a bank and a cooperatives is the major change brought by the project
and hence the evidence of sustainability of the project efforts in future.
• Sustainability at the community level is addressed by sensitization of people in general and
conflict affected and marginalized families in particular through radio program and distribution
of IEC materials.
• Sustainability at the Local Governmental levels such as DDC and VDC is addressed by getting
social protection friendly stances adopted into policies and programs.
• However, there is very little money currently allocated by the government for social protection
given the huge size of the conflict affected and vulnerable families in the target districts which
the project has to address, phasing out of project is not viable. Phasing out of infrastructure
development project may de-value DWC, WCOs and partner NGOs in the target VDCs.
Organizational sustainability can be said to be good given the following reasons:
• WCO is the key coordination line agency in the district for the implementation of social
protection measures and provisions.
• The project has built key alliances with VDCs, CBOs, key district level line agencies, media and
other civil society partners.
• The partner NGOs in all target districts have been recognized as transparent and accountable
organizations.
• Beneficiary families are linked to women groups, banks or cooperatives – vital grass-root micro-
credit organizations.
Given these reasons, the benefits from the project at both the service providers and beneficiary
families levels is likely to continue even after the finalization of the project. However, as there has been
28
much expectation at beneficiary level and heightened vulnerability to conflict affected and
marginalized families, the activities need to be continued to sustain the project achievements and
expand its coverage in coming years.
29
Chapter 3
Conclusions and Recommendations
Drawing on the findings of the evaluation study that discussed in Chapter 2, this Chapter draws the
conclusions and recommendations for future areas of intervention.
3.1 Conclusions
The project has both strengths and challenges. Its strengths are the following:
• DWC has become a key organization that has picked up the social protection issues for conflict
affected and marginalized families. At the district level, in addition to the WCOs own social
protection measures and provisions, they have become the key agency for advocacy of social
security provisions from DDC, VDC and other line agencies.
• The project appears to be visible as it covers all wards of the target VDCs, targeting the needy
families – families directly affected by the conflict and very poor and marginalized, disabled
persons, single women, woman headed households and orphans.
• The project activity of granting a conditional grant is transparent as all the money allocated to
an individual beneficiaries was deposited in their bank accounts. Opening the bank account
also reduces the risk of mis-utilization of the grants and increases likelihood of investing on
IGA.
• The project has contributed to increase income among the beneficiary families. In some of the
cases (furniture workshop, cycle repairing, piggery, ginger farming), the income increase is
very high against the target of 10% annual increase. In other cases such as goat-raising, the
number of goats doubled within the one-year of project intervention and for the income from
the goats, one has to wait for sometimes. Further, almost all the project beneficiaries have
initiated saving in a cooperative or in a women group.
• The project has contributed to increase awareness on social protection programs – senior
citizen, single women, disabled, Dalit scholarship allowances - among the rights holders. This,
in turn, worked as a catalytic force for increased commitments on social protection from the
service providers – DDC, VDC, WDO, DCWB and other line agencies. In some of the cases, the
numbers of recipients have increased due to production of citizenship certificates and
certificates of disabled persons.
• The project has also contributed to relieve the beneficiaries from psychological stress as the
consequences of the conflict, as the conflict affected families and individuals now get
opportunity to engage in an occupation and share their experiences in the groups and among
the project personnel.
Despite these strengths, there are several challenges:
• First, project was conducted in a short-period of time – resulting to a rush in carrying out
activities and little monitoring by DWC and WCO in the target VDCs.
• Second, there is high expectation of conflict affected families and communities – the user
committees - demand infrastructure development programs in the target VDCs. Given the
30
project phasing-out in July 2012, implementation of this single activity may be challenging for
DWC.
• Third, establishing the market linkages of the IGA has become challenge especially in remote
VDCs of Rukum, Rolpa and Achham districts. The project could not implement some of the very
important project activities like granting cash for disabled families, artisan and other income
grant. This follows that project failed to cover the most vulnerable families/individuals.
Further, no implementation of value chain activities like conduction of training for WDOs,
partner NGOs and beneficiary families also means that the project lost the opportunity to
increase the professionalism among the rights holders as well as the service providers. There is
need to change the attitudes of policy makers, decision makers and implementators about
social protection, which appear to be challenging as the project is being phased out. As the
project did not allocate financial support for capacity development of WCO – computers,
printers and office furniture - the motivation of WCO was found to be low to implement the
project activities.
3.2 Recommendations
Recommendations for interventions that can form the basis of an action plan to increase income and
awareness on social protection among the conflict affected families are the following:
Infrastructure Development Project - The activity of infrastructure development project needs to be
continued in the coming fiscal year as community people have high expectation that the project will
help support to build infrastructure in the village.
Follow-up to the Beneficiaries - There is a need to follow up to the project beneficiaries who received
the grants. Follow-up is needed to continuously encourage them to carry out the IGA and increase
professionalism on it. For this, WCOs and NGOs may be the follow-up agencies.
Awareness on Social Protection – More advocacy and information is needed through trainings,
electronic and printed materials to continue to raise awareness of the rights holders as well as service
providers on Social protection programs.
Institutionalization of PGD Course – As the PGD course on social protection was found to be highly
relevant for Government officials; the course needs to be institutionalized so that more number of
Government officials as well as civil society should be well equipped with knowledge on social
protection. To attract Government officials and others in the program, there is a need to take
accreditation from a University, however.
Replication of project achievement – It is learnt that integration of project activities like conditional
grants and awareness on social protection through training and media is the effective way to uplift the
conflict affected and vulnerable families in the target districts. This modality of project implementation
contributed to i) increase direct household income through IGA and ii) it contributed to increase
awareness on entitlements provided by the Government. Such modality of project intervention may be
replicated by other relevant Ministries and Departments and donors to effectively reach the unreached
population in Nepal.
31
References
NPC (2010) Three Year Plan Approach Paper (2010/11-2012/13) (Kathmandu: National Planning
Commission, Government of Nepal).
Project Documents
ASI (2011) Interim Progress Report, Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable and Conflict
Affected Families and Children (Kathmandu: ASI and ADB).
A Brief Report on 'Child Rights and Child Protection in Training' at Rolpa, Bardiya, Banke and Rukum
District.
A Brief Report on District Level TOT on Social Protection with Emphasis on Available Services, Women
and Children.
Community Infrastructure Development (Procurement) Guideline, 2011.
Program Implementation Guideline, FY 2011/12, Strengthening Decentralized Support for Vulnerable
and Conflict Affected Families and Children .
Post Graduate Course in Social Work 2010-11, Annual Report.
Project Progress Report, Nov. 2011-March 2012.
Data Records
WDOs of Achham, Banke, Bardiya, Rolpa and Rukum
32
Annex
Annex 1.1 Household Questionnaires
JFPR (!!)(!!)(!!)(!!) kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/of]hgfaf6 nfjflGet kl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0fkl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0fkl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0fkl/jf/sf] clGtd d"NofÍg ;j]{If0f (Final Evaluation Survey of JFPR 9110 Beneficiary Families)
hf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåahf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåahf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåahf]lvddf /x]sf tyf åGåaf6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgff6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgff6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgff6 k|efljt afnaflnsf tyf kl/jf/sf nflu ljs]lGb|t ;xof]u ;'b[9Ls/0f cfof]hgf ----c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@c5fd, afFs], alb{of, ?s'd / /f]Nkf lhNnfx?_, @)!@
1.1 lhNnfsf] gfd ================ 1.2 uf=lj=;=sf] gfd========= ===================
1.3 j8f g+====================== 1.4 6f]n÷ufpFsf] gfd========================== 1.5 3/d"nLsf] gfd=============== 1.6 3/d"nLsf] hft÷hflt==================== 1.7 3/d"nLsf] lnË==============k'?if=========1, dlxnf=========2
:d/0f /xf];:d/0f /xf];:d/0f /xf];:d/0f /xf];\\ \\ : !!!!) s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/s[kof, k|Zgkqdf pQ/ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 eg], :flx pQ/ 5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];5fgL uf]nf] nufpg'xf];\\ \\ . olb vfln 7fFp . olb vfln 7fFp . olb vfln 7fFp . olb vfln 7fFp ----_____________ jf_ jf_ jf_ jf 5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];5f]l8Psf] 5 eg], pQm vfln 7fFpdf :flx pQ/ eg{'xf];\\ \\ .... @@@@) tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] tkfO{sf] ;lx pQ/n] Dffq of] ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], ;j]{If0f cy{k"0f{ x'g] ePsf]n], s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf]s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf]s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf]s[kof pQ/ eg{ ghflgPdf :fDjlGwt JolQmnfO{ ;f]Wg'xf];;;;\\ \\ / ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];/ ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];/ ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];/ ;lx pQ/ eg'{xf];\\ \\
. . . . yfxfyfxfyfxfyfxf geP dfqgeP dfqgeP dfqgeP dfq, , , , :fDjlGwt pQ/df :fDjlGwt pQ/df :fDjlGwt pQ/df :fDjlGwt pQ/df “yfxfyfxfyfxfyfxf gePsfgePsfgePsfgePsf ] ] ] ] ” n]Vg'xf];n]Vg'xf];n]Vg'xf];n]Vg'xf];\\ \\ ....
v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f v08 !M kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f (Family Details)
101 of] s'g k|sf/sf]s'g k|sf/sf]s'g k|sf/sf]s'g k|sf/sf] kl/jf/ xf] < k|ToIf 4Gålkl8t kl/jf/ ……...…….1
;LdfGts[t/u/Lj kl/jf/= ……………2
102 olb k|ToIf 4Gålkl8t kl/jf/ ePdf, of] s'g k|sf/sf] s'g k|sf/sf] s'g k|sf/sf] s'g k|sf/sf] 4Gålkl8t4Gålkl8t4Gålkl8t4Gålkl8t kl/jf/ xf] <
(Ps eGbf al9 pQ/ cfpg;Sg] )
kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox?sf] åGådf dfl/Psf==1
kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? j]kQf kfl/Psf=====2
kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? la:Yfflkt ePsf]==3 kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? ckx/0f÷lu/km\tf/Ldf k/]sf] =================================================4
kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox?nfO{ b'Mv lbOPsf]==5
cGo -v'nfpg]___________________
103 tkfO“sf] kl/jf/df hDdf hDdf hDdf hDdf slt hgf ;b:ox¿;b:ox¿;b:ox¿;b:ox¿ x'g'x'G5 < (kl/efiffM kl/jf/sf ;b:o eGgfn] Pp6} 5fgf d'lg a:g], Pp6} efG;f ug]{ AolStx?nfO{ a'lemG5 . )
hDdf ;+Vof
pd]/ ;d"x k'?if dlxnf !$ jif{ :fDdsf !%-@$
@%-%(
^)-^(
&) jif{ / al9
104 o; kl/jf/sf] nflu vfg]kfgLvfg]kfgLvfg]kfgLvfg]kfgLsf] d'Vo ;|f]t s] xf]< kfOksf] kfgL================1 wf/f===========================2 s'jf/Ogf/====================3
6o"j]n/xft]kDk==============4
gbL/gx/======================5
cGo -v'nfpg]________________
105 kl/jf/sf] cfkm\g} k|of]usf] nflu s'g k|sf/sf] rkLrkLrkLrkL{ 5< rkL{ gePsf]=============== 1 vfN6] rkL{===================2 hn k|j]z====================3 km\n;======================== 4
33
106 kl/jf/df alQ alQ alQ alQ afNgsf] nflu w]/}h;f] s] k|of]u ug'{x'G5<
lah'nL========================1 d§Lt]n========================2 sf7bfp/f=====================3 ;f]nf/=========================4 afof]Uof;=======================5 cGo -v'nfpg]________________
107 of] 3/ 3/ 3/ 3/ tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] xf]< xf]==========================1 xf]Og=======================2
108 of] 3/sf] 5fgf5fgf5fgf5fgf s] sf] 5 <
5\jfnL÷k/fn=============1 6Lg÷h:tf================2 6fon=======================3 9'Ëf=========================4 9nfg=======================5 cGo -v'nfpg]________________
109 of] 3/sf] kvf{n] kvf{n] kvf{n] kvf{n s]n] ag]sf] 5 < Dff6f] / 9'Ëf===============1 sf7======================= 2 afF;======================= 3 O{F6f======================== 4 cGo -v'nfpg]________________
110 s] kl/jf/sf] :jfldTjdf hUufhldg:jfldTjdf hUufhldg:jfldTjdf hUufhldg:jfldTjdf hUufhldg 5< 5==================1 5}g================2
111 olb hUufhldg eP, sltsltsltslt 5< -kxf8L lhNnfsf] xsdf hUuf /f]kgLdf/f]kgLdf/f]kgLdf/f]kgLdf n]Vg] / t/fO{sf] lhNnfsf] xsdf s¶fdfs¶fdfs¶fdfs¶fdf n]Vg]_
1= v]t ________________
2= af/L ________________
3= jghª\un _____________
hDdfhDdfhDdfhDdf _________________
112 tkfO{sf] hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6hUufhldgsf] pTkfbgaf6 kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox?nfO{ ut ut ut ut jif{ x/]s lbgjif{ x/]s lbgjif{ x/]s lbgjif{ x/]s lbg kof{Kt dfqdf vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<vfg k'Uof] ls k'u]g<
k'Uof]]=============== 1 k'u]g================2
113 olb gk'u]sf] ePgk'u]sf] ePgk'u]sf] ePgk'u]sf] eP, slt dlxgf slt dlxgf slt dlxgf slt dlxgf vfg k'u]g< Vffgf gk'u]sf] dlxgf__________
v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/]v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/]v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/]v08 @M kl/of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 cfPsf kl/jt{gx? Aff/] (Questions on Changes after Project Intervention)
@=! M@=! M@=! M@=! M cg'bfgsf] pkof]u cg'bfgsf] pkof]u cg'bfgsf] pkof]u cg'bfgsf] pkof]u (Grant Utilisation) k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 201 tkfO{nfO{ ;/sf/n] lbPsf] cg'bfg ?= !@))) slxn]
kfpg'eof] ? ;fn ______________
dlxgf _____________
202 tkfO{n] of] cg'bfg s'g cfly{s ls|ofsnfkdf nufpg'eof] ?
(Ps eGbf al9 pQ/ cfpg;Sg] )
Affv|fkfng…………….1
;'+u'/kfng…………….2
ufO{/uf]?………………3
e}+;L//fFuf] ……==========…4
t/sf/L v]tL…………===5
n3' Jofkf/===================6
cGo -v'nfpg]_______________
203 tkfO{n] of] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk ul//xg'ePsf] slt ;do/cjlw eof] ?
dlxgf _____________
204 tkfO{n] of] cfly{s ls|ofsnfkdf slt nufgL nufpg' eof] ?
?=%))) eGbf sd………====.1
?=%)))- ?=!)))) ;Dd…===2
?=!)))) eGbf Afl9 …=====….3
205 olb ?=%))) eGbf sd nufgL nufpg' ePsf] 5 eg],
34
lsg tkfO{n] ;a} cg'bfg nufgL ug'{ePg ? _____________________
206 olb ?=!@))) eGbf Al9 nufgL nufpg' ePsf] 5 eg], slt nufgL nufpg' ePsf] 5 ?
?= ________________
207 tkfO{n] of] cltl/Q nufgL nufpg] ?k}of s;/L h'6fpg' eof] ?
_____________________
@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo@=@ kl/of]hgf nfu' eP/ kfl/jfl/s cfo/;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg;DklQdf kf/]sf] of]ubfg (Contribution to Household Income/Asset after Project Intervention)
kfNt' hgfj/kfNt' hgfj/kfNt' hgfj/kfNt' hgfj/ -kl/jf/df kfNt' hgfj/ 5g\ ls 5}gg\ pNn]v ug'{xf];\_ s|;= kfNt'
hgfj/sf k|sf/
kl/jf/;Fu lgDglnlvt hgfj/x? 5 hgfj/x? 5 hgfj/x? 5 hgfj/x? 5 ls 5}g ls 5}g ls 5}g ls 5}g < 5============1
5}g==========2
s'n rf}kfofsf] s'n rf}kfofsf] s'n rf}kfofsf] s'n rf}kfofsf] ;Vof;Vof;Vof;Vof (sfo{qmd nfu' ug'{ klxn] / kl5sf hf]8]/
;Vofdf n]Vg'xf];\)
tkfO{n]] cg'bfgaf6cg'bfgaf6cg'bfgaf6cg'bfgaf6 slt j6f slt j6f slt j6f slt j6f lsGg'ePsflsGg'ePsflsGg'ePsflsGg'ePsf] lyof]? -;Vof n]Vg'xf];\_
tkfO{;Fu xfn slt xfn slt xfn slt xfn slt j6f 5j6f 5j6f 5j6f 5 ?
-;Vof n]Vg'xf];\_
tkfO{n]] ]] xfnxfnxfnxfn rn]sf] ahf/ahf/ahf/ahf/ d"Nodfd"Nodfd"Nodfd"Nodf, tL cg'bfgaf6 lsg]sfcg'bfgaf6 lsg]sfcg'bfgaf6 lsg]sfcg'bfgaf6 lsg]sf kfNt' hgfj/ ;a}nfO{ a]Rbfa]Rbfa]Rbfa]Rbf slt ?k}of slt ?k}of slt ?k}of slt ?k}of kfpg' x'G5kfpg' x'G5kfpg' x'G5kfpg' x'G5 ? -?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\_
tkfO{n] sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' kl5kl5kl5kl5, s'g} s'g} s'g} s'g} rf}kfof laqmL rf}kfof laqmL rf}kfof laqmL rf}kfof laqmL ug'{ePsf] 5?
5 …..1
5}g ……2
olb laqmL ug'{ePsf] 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], hDdf sltdf sltdf sltdf sltdf laqmLlaqmLlaqmLlaqmL ug'{eof] ? -?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\_
208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215
1 ufO{/uf]?,
af5f/af5L
5 5}g 5 5}g
2 e}F;L//fFuf,
kf8f/kf8L
5 5}g 5 5}g
3 Afv|f/e]F8f 5 5}g 5 5}g
4 ;'+u'//a'+u'/ 5 5}g 5 5}g
5 xfF; /s'v'/f 5 5}g 5 5}g
kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s] s] ;'ljwfx? 5g \\ \\<<<<
S|=; ;'ljwfx?;'ljwfx?;'ljwfx?;'ljwfx? pNn]lvt ;'ljwfx? 5g5g5g5g\\ \\ ls 5}ggls 5}ggls 5}ggls 5}gg\< 5==========1
5}g========2
pQ ;fdfgx? slxn] Nofpg'eofslxn] Nofpg'eofslxn] Nofpg'eofslxn] Nofpg'eof]?
sfo{qmd nfu' ug'{ klxn]====1
sfo{qmd nfu' u/] kl5=======2
olb sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' sfo{qmd nfu' u/] kl5kl5kl5kl5 xf] eg], tkfO{n] pQm ;fdfgsf] ;fdfgsf] ;fdfgsf] ;fdfgsf] d"No sltd"No sltd"No sltd"No slt ltg'{eof] ? -?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\_
216 217 218 219
1 /]l8of] 5= 5}g
2 l6=eL= 5= 5}g
3 n'uf l;pg] d]lzg 5= 5}g
4 ;fOsn 5= 5}g
5 6]lnkmf]g, df]jfOn 5= 5}g
k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 220 olb n3' Jofkf/n3' Jofkf/n3' Jofkf/n3' Jofkf/ ug'{ePsf] 5 eg], Tof] Jofkf/
s:tf] k|sf/sfs:tf] k|sf/sfs:tf] k|sf/sfs:tf] k|sf/sf] xf]?
_____________________________
221 tkfO{n] of] Jofkf/ ;'? ug'{eP kl5, slt sdfpg' slt sdfpg' slt sdfpg' slt sdfpg' eof]eof]eof]eof] ?
?=?=?=?= _______________
222. s[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfos[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfos[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfos[kof, kl/jf/sf] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk / jflif{s cfo/cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];\\ \\: - sfo{qmd nfusfo{qmd nfusfo{qmd nfusfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' eGbf klxnklxnklxnklxn] / xfnxfnxfnxfnsf] cfDbfgL pNn]v ug'{xf];\ _ cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx?cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx?cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx?cfly{s ls|ofsnfkx? cg'bfg kfpg' klxn]cg'bfg kfpg' klxn]cg'bfg kfpg' klxn]cg'bfg kfpg' klxn] cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5
s] Tof] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk kl/jf/n] kl/jf/n] kl/jf/n] kl/jf/n]
olb lyolyolyolyof] eg], jflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgL
s] of] cfly{s ls|ofsnfk xfn xfn xfn xfn
olb 5 eg,] jflif{s jflif{s jflif{s jflif{s cfDbfgLcfDbfgLcfDbfgLcfDbfgL slt x'G5
35
;~rfng u/]sf];~rfng u/]sf];~rfng u/]sf];~rfng u/]sf] lyof] < sltsltsltslt lyof] < kl/jf/sf] ;~rfngkl/jf/sf] ;~rfngkl/jf/sf] ;~rfngkl/jf/sf] ;~rfngdf 5 <
<
lyof] lyPg ?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\ 5 5}g ?k}ofdf n]Vg'xf];\ cGgjfnL pTkfbg 1 2 1 2
t/sf/L÷kmnkm"n 1 2 1 2
b'w ÷gf}gL 1 2 1 2
s'v'/f ÷c08f 1 2 1 2
afv|fkfng 1 2 1 2
;'+u'/kfng 1 2 1 2
rf}kfof-ufO{uf]?÷e};L/fFuf]_ 1 2 1 2
;]jf ÷hflu/ 1 2 1 2
cjsf; / lgj[lQ÷k]G;g 1 2 1 2
j[4 ,ljw'jf, ckfª\utf tyf cGo eQf
1 2 1 2
ljb]z jf :jb]zaf6 sfd ug]{ dflg;n] k9fPsf] k};f
1 2 1 2
dhb'/L÷>d u/] jfkt 1 2 1 2
k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 223 tkfOn] cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3, tkfOsf] kl/jf/sf] jfli{fs jfli{fs jfli{fs jfli{fs
cfo÷cfDbfgLcfo÷cfDbfgLcfo÷cfDbfgLcfo÷cfDbfgL slt lyof] < ?= ?= ?= ?= ______________
224 xfnxfnxfnxfn, tkfOsf] kl/jf/sf] jflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgLjflif{s cfDbfgL slt /x]sf] 5< ?= ?= ?= ?= ______________
225 tkfO{n] cg'bfg nufgL u/]/ sdfpg' ePsf] cfDbfgL s]s]s]s]-s] s] s] s] df vrdf vrdf vrdf vr{ ug'{ eof] <
(Ps eGbf al9 pQ/ cfpg;Sg] )
kfl/jfl/s vr{======================1
jfnjflnsfsf] lzIffdf vr{======2
jfnjflnsfsf] :jf:Yodf vr{====3
C0f r'SQf============================4
c?nfO{ ;fk6÷C0f lbPsf]=======5
3/fo;L ;DklQ hf]8]sf]===========6
cGo -v'nfpg]______________
226 tkfOsf] ljrf/df, g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|bfg u/]s]f cg'bfgn]cg'bfgn]cg'bfgn]cg'bfgn] tkfOsf] kl/jf/sf] lhjLsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] ;xof]u;xof]u;xof]u;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] h:tf] nfU5 <
Psbd w]/}=========================== 1
w]/}==================================== 2
eGg g;lsg]======================= 3
yf]/}=================================== 4
Psbd yf]/}=========================== 5
v08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgfv08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgfv08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgfv08 # M ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;/sf/L ;xof]u tyf tflnd ;DjlGw r]tgf
(Awareness on Social Protection, Social protection programs and Training)
#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgs#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgs#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgs#=! ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjlGw 1fg / 1fgsf] dfWod f] dfWod f] dfWod f] dfWod (Knowledge on Social Protection and Medium
of Knowledge) k|=g+k|=g+k|=g+k|=g+ k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 301 s] tkfOsf] kl/jf/;Fu /]l8of/]l8of/]l8of/]l8of] 5 < 5………………====..1
5}g…………………2
305
302 olb 5 eg], tkfO{ k|fo: s'gs'gs'gs'g Pkm=Pd=Pkm=Pd=Pkm=Pd=Pkm=Pd= (FM) ;'Gg'x'G5;'Gg'x'G5;'Gg'x'G5;'Gg'x'G5 <
__________________________
303 tkfOn] slxNo} Pkm=Pd(FM) df ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf];DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf];DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf];DjGwL ;'Gg'ePsf] 5 < -h:t} j[4j[4f, ljw'jf, c;Ifd, blntjf/] kfpg] eQf ;DjlGw cflb _
5…………====……..1
5}g…………………2
36
304 olb ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 eg], To;af6 tkfOn] s] 1fg kfpg' eof] <
__________________________
305 tkfOn] slxNo} afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ ;DjGwL ;'Gg' ePsfePsfePsfePsf] 5 <
5……………….====.1
5}g…………………2
307
306 tkfOn] % jif{ d'lgsf% jif{ d'lgsf% jif{ d'lgsf% jif{ d'lgsf ;j} afnjflnsfsf] hGdbtfhGdbtfhGdbtfhGdbtf{ u/fpg' ePsf] 5 <
5………………………….….1
5}g……………………….……2
% jif{ d'gLsf afnjflnsf gePsf]==3
k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 307 tkfO{n] cg'bfgcg'bfgcg'bfgcg'bfg kfpg' cl3cl3cl3cl3, s'g} j}+sdf vftfj}+sdf vftfj}+sdf vftfj}+sdf vftf vf]Ng'
ePsf] lyof] < lyof]………………….1
lyPg…………………2
308 xfnxfnxfnxfn tkfO{sf] gfddf a}+s vftfa}+s vftfa}+s vftfa}+s vftf 5 < 5……………………..1
5}g……………………2
309 cg'bfg cg'bfg cg'bfg cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cl3cl3cl3, tkfO{n] s'g} ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x ;:yf, ;xsf/L, ;d'x jf j}+sdf djf j}+sdf djf j}+sdf djf j}+sdf dfl;s jrtfl;s jrtfl;s jrtfl;s jrt ug]{ u'g{ePsf] lyof] <
lyof] …………………..1
lyPg……………..……2
310 xfnxfnxfnxfn, tkfOn] dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, dfl;s jrt s'g} ;:yf, ;d'x ;xsf/L, j}+sj}+sj}+sj}+s cflbdf ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <
5……………………...1
5}g……………….……2
313
311 olb 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], dfl;sdfl;sdfl;sdfl;s ?kdf sltsltsltslt jrt jrt jrt jrt ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <
?= ?= ?= ?= ______________
312 tkfOn] of] jrt sxfFjrt sxfFjrt sxfFjrt sxfF ul//xg' ePsf] 5 < -jrt ul/Psf] ;:yf j}+s ;d'x ;xsf/L cflbsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\_
__________________________
#=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] #=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] #=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] #=@= ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;DjGwL 1fg / pkof]u af/] (Knowledge on Government Support and
Utilisation) 313 s] tkfO{nfO{ ;/sf/;/sf/;/sf/;/sf/n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf, n] h]i7 gful/s, Psn dlxnf,
ckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'vckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'vckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'vckfËtf ePsf, blnt tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hghfltnfO{ hghfltnfO{ hghfltnfO{ hghfltnfO{ eQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsfeQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsfeQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsfeQf lbG5 eGg] ;'Gg' ePsf] 5 <
h]i7 gful/s Psn dlxnf blnt nf]kf]Gd'v hghflt ckfËtf ePsf JolQm
5555 1
1
1
1
1
5}g5}g5}g5}g 2
2
2
2
2
314 olb ;'Gg'ePsf] 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], slt pd]/dfslt pd]/dfslt pd]/dfslt pd]/df pQm eQf lbOG5 < -olb pd]/ yfx gePsf] eP, ;Djlwt pd]/df yfx gePsf] n]Vg'xf];\ _
h]i7 gful/s -jif{_ __________
Psn dlxnf -jif{_ ___________
blnt -jif{_ ______________
nf]k'Gd'v hghflt -jif{_ _______
ckfËtf ePsf JolQm -jif{________
315 tkfO{n] oL ;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf e;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf e;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf e;/sf/L ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf eQfx?sf] Qfx?sf] Qfx?sf] Qfx?sf] af/]df af/]df af/]df af/]df slxNf] hfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/L kfpg' eof] <
sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn] ==========1
sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5 ============2
316 tkfO{n] of] hfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/Lhfgsf/L d'Vot: s'g dfWoddfWoddfWoddfWodaf6 kfpg'eof] <
of]hgfsf sd{rf/Laf6……=======….1
uflj; sfof{noaf6………………2
lzIfs÷lzlIfsfaf6………………3
kl/jfl/s ;b:ox?af6……=======…4
5/l5d]saf6……………===========..5
/]l8of]÷Sofn]G8/=========================6
k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+=k|=g+= k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx?k|Zgx? ;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL;+s]tx?sf] >]0fL km8km8km8km8\\ \\sf]sf]sf]sf] 317 xfnxfnxfnxfn, tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:onkl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:onkl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:onkl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] ;'ljwf÷eQf ;'ljwf÷eQf ;'ljwf÷eQf ;'ljwf÷eQf
lng' ePsflng' ePsflng' ePsflng' ePsf] 5 < 5………………….1
5}g…………………2
322
37
318 olb 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg], s'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQfs'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQfs'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQfs'g k|sf/sf] ;'ljwf ÷eQf lnO/xg' ePsf] xf] < (Ps eGbf al9 pQ/ cfpg;Sg] )
h]i7 gful/s eQf………………1
Psn dlxnf eQf………===============2
blnt eQf……………….……3
nf]kf]Gd'v hghflt eQf ………….4
ckfËtf eQf……………========…5
319 eQf kfpg] JolQmneQf kfpg] JolQmneQf kfpg] JolQmneQf kfpg] JolQmn], pQm eQf slxn]slxn]slxn]slxn] lng'ePsf] lyof] <
sfo{qmd nfu" ug'{ klxn]…1
sfo{qmd nfu" u/] kl5 ….2
320 olb sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf]sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf]sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf]sfo{qmd nfu" eP kl5 xf] egegegeg], s] Tof] sfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xfsfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xfsfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xfsfo{qmdsf] k|efjn] xf] <
xf]………………=======..1
xf]Og……………….…2
321 olb xf] egxf] egxf] egxf] eg], s;/Ls;/Ls;/Ls;/L sfo{qmdn] k|efj kf¥of]< _______________________
#=# ;Lk÷tfln#=# ;Lk÷tfln#=# ;Lk÷tfln#=# ;Lk÷tflndsf] l;sfO ;DalGw dsf] l;sfO ;DalGw dsf] l;sfO ;DalGw dsf] l;sfO ;DalGw (Learning from Trainings ) 322 cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3cg'bfg kfpg' cl3, tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on]
;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf;Lkd"ns tflnd ln'g'ePsf] lyof]< lyof]………………..1
lyPg…………….…2
323 cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5cg'bfg kfP kl5,, tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] s'g} ;b:on] ;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePs;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePs;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePs;Lkd"ns tflnd lng'ePsf] 5 <
5…………………..1
5}g…………………2
401
324 olb 5 eg5 eg5 eg5 eg,] Tof] tflnd s;ns;ns;ns;n] lng' eof] < k'?if…………..……..1
dlxnf……………….2
325 Tof] s'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnds'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnds'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnds'g k|sf/sf] ;Lkd"ns tflnd lyof] < ____________________
326 tkfO{sf] ljrf/df, pQm tflndpQm tflndpQm tflndpQm tflnd tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] lhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uLlhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uLlhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uLlhljsf]kfh{gdf slQsf] pkof]uL ePsf] 5 <
Psbd w]/} pkof]u================== 1
w]/} pkof]uL =====.================== 2
eGg g;lsg]=========================3
yf]/} pkof]uL ======================= 4
Psbd yf]/}= pkof]uL ============== 5
327 olb Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/} jf w]/}w]/}w]/}w]/} pkof]uL ePsf] 5 eg] lsg xf]nflsg xf]nflsg xf]nflsg xf]nf <
_____________________
38
v08 $v08 $v08 $v08 $: sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] sfo{qmd nfu'n] afnjflnsfsf] ----%%%%––––!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj!$ jif{ _ z}lIfs cj:yfdf kf/]sf] k|efj (Effect of Program on education status of 5-14 years children) 401 of] kl/jf/df % b]lv !$ jif{sf afnaflnsf 5g\ jf 5}gg\<
5g\ ==========1 5}gg\==========2 (v08 % hfgv08 % hfgv08 % hfgv08 % hfg])
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ljBfno uO/x]sf] =========1
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slxNo} ljBfno guPsf]==3
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ljBfno hfg 5f]8]sf]======2
slxNo} ljBfno guPsf]==3
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slxNo} ljBfno guPsf]==3
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kl9/x]s]f sIff _____
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sfo{qmd cflb_ tkfO{sf] afns afns afns afns /jflnsfsf] lzIffdf slQsf] ;xof]ujflnsfsf] lzIffdf slQsf] ;xof]ujflnsfsf] lzIffdf slQsf] ;xof]ujflnsfsf] lzIffdf slQsf] ;xof]u k'¥ofP h:tf] nfU5 <
Psbd w]/} ;xof]u ======= 1
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yf]/} ;xof]u ============== 4
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yf]/} ;xof]u ============== 4
Psbd yf]/} ;xof]u ====== 5
406 olb Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/}Psbd w]/} jf w]/}w]/}w]/}w]/} ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] eP, To;sf] sf/0fsf/0fsf/0fsf/0f s] xf]nf <
kfl/jfl/s cfo/cfDbfgLdf
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r]tgfdf j[l4==============2 of]hgfsf JolQmx?sf k|]/0ffn]======================3 cGo -v'nfpg]_=================
kfl/jfl/s cfo/cfDbfgLdf
j[l4==========================1
r]tgfdf j[l4==============2 of]hgfsf JolQmx?sf k|]/0ffn]======================3 cGo -v'nfpg]_=================
kfl/jfl/s cfo/cfDbfgLdf
j[l4==========================1
r]tgfdf j[l4==============2 of]hgfsf JolQmx?sf k|]/0ffn]======================3 cGo -v'nfpg]_=================
407 olb afns afns afns afns /jflnsf ljBfno hfg jflnsf ljBfno hfg jflnsf ljBfno hfg jflnsf ljBfno hfg 5f]8]sf]5f]8]sf]5f]8]sf]5f]8]sf] eP, s'g sIffdf s'g sIffdf s'g sIffdf s'g sIffdf 5f]8]sf] xf] <
ljBfno hfg 5f]8]sf] a]nf kl9/x]s]f sIff ______
ljBfno hfg 5f]8]sf] a]nf kl9/x]s]f sIff ______
ljBfno hfg 5f]8]sf] a]nf kl9/x]s]f sIff ______
408 pQm afns /jflnsfn] slxn] slxn] slxn] slxn] ljBfno 5f]8]sfljBfno 5f]8]sfljBfno 5f]8]sfljBfno 5f]8]sf x'g\<
sfo{qmd nfu' ul/g' klxn]===1
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409 olb pQm afns÷jflnsf slxNo} slxNo} slxNo} slxNo} ljBfno guPsfljBfno guPsfljBfno guPsfljBfno guPsf] xf] eg] lsglsglsglsg guPsf x'g\ <
ljBfno w]/} 6f9f ePsf]n]============……….1
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3/df ;xof]u ug]{ gePsfn]=======================4
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afns /aflnsf 3/df gj:g] ePsf]n]………=============.6
cGo -v'nfpg]________
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afns÷jflnsfsf] w]/} sd pd]/sf] ePsf]n] …=====…..3
3/df ;xof]u ug]{ gePsfn]=======================4
Afns /jflnsfsf] OR5f gePsf]n]……======………5
afns /aflnsf 3/df gj:g] ePsf]n]………=============.6
cGo -v'nfpg]________
ljBfno w]/} 6f9f ePsf]n]============……….1
ljBfno k9fpg dxËf] ePsf]n]………………….2
afns÷jflnsfsf] w]/} sd pd]/sf] ePsf]n] …=====…..3
3/df ;xof]u ug]{ gePsfn]=======================4
Afns /jflnsfsf] OR5f gePsf]n]……======………5
afns /aflnsf 3/df gj:g] ePsf]n]………=============.6
cGo -v'nfpg]________
39
v08 v08 v08 v08 %%%%: kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? ljleGg ;fd'bflos ls|ofsnfkdf ;xeflutf af/]kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? ljleGg ;fd'bflos ls|ofsnfkdf ;xeflutf af/]kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? ljleGg ;fd'bflos ls|ofsnfkdf ;xeflutf af/]kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? ljleGg ;fd'bflos ls|ofsnfkdf ;xeflutf af/] (Participation of Family Members in Various Community Activities) s|; ;d'bfosf] gfd÷sfo{qmdsf] gfd sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn]sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn]sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn]sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn] sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5
kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? ;b:ox? ;b:ox? ;b:ox? ;xefuL;xefuL;xefuL;xefuL 5g\< 5g\=============1 5}gg\=============2
olb ;xefuL eP;xefuL eP;xefuL eP;xefuL eP dlxnf jf k'?if sf]sf]sf]sf] x'g< dlxnf==============1 k'?if================2 b'j}==================3
kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:ox? ;xefuL;b:ox? ;xefuL;b:ox? ;xefuL;b:ox? ;xefuL 5g\< 5g\=============1 5}gg\=============2
olb ;xefuL eP;xefuL eP;xefuL eP;xefuL eP, dlxnf jf k'?if sf]sf]sf]sf] x'g'x'G5< dlxnf==============1 k'?if================2 b'j}==================3
501 502 503 504 505
1 ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldlt 1 2 1 2
2 Vffg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;ldlt 1 2 1 2
3 u/Llj lgjf/0f sfo{s|d 1 2 1 2
4 Af}+lsË ;DjlGw sfo{qmd 1 2 1 2
5 dlxnf ;zlQms/0f sfo{qmd 1 2 1 2
6 pTkfbg ;d"x 1 2 1 2
506 tkfO{sf] kl/jf/nfO{ lgDg lnlvt s'/fx? kof{Kt dfqdf k'lu/x]sf] 5 < sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn]sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn]sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn]sfo{qmd nfu" ul/g' klxn]
kof{Kt 5}g======! 7Ls} 5==========@ kof{KteGbf a9L 5=========#
sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5=sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5=sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5=sfo{qmd nfu" ul/P kl5= kof{Kt 5}g======! 7Ls} 5==========@ kof{KteGbf a9L 5=========#
!= vfBGg
@= 3/sf] ;'ljwf #= nQfsk8f $= :jf:Yo pkrf/ %= afnaflnsf] lzIff ^= tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cfDbfgL
wGojfb Û wGojfb Û wGojfb Û wGojfb Û
40
Annex 1.2 Name and designation of individuals consulted
SN Name Designation and Office
Shanta Bhattrai Under Secretary, DWC, Kathmandu
Nirmala Thapa, PGD participant Section Officer, Ministry of Commerce
Nira Ahikari, PGD participant Section Officer, DWC
Bardiya
Shanta Chand Focal person, WDO
Komal Prasad Tharu General Secretary, Geruwa Gramin Jagaran, Patabhar VDC
Ganga Devi Shrestha Single Women Group, Motipur VDC
Binod Lamechhane NGO CC, Mohammadpur VDC
Laxmi Nepal DCWB
Dhan Singh Giri District Court
Shankar Rokaya VDC Secretary, Thakurdwaraa VDC
Banke
Shobha Sha WDO
Bindu Kunwar Focal Person, WDO
Prem Sharma Advocate
Mahesh Nepali DCWB
Hem Raj Bhatta Partner NGO
Parbat Kumar Thakuri Partner NGO
Ram Prasad Sharma Partner NGO
Tula Adhikari Krishna Sagar FM, Banke
Rolpa
Maya Shrestha, Act. WDO
Shanti Basnet Focal Person, WDO
Shobha Ram Dangi RUDAS Nepal
Shawan Nepal Dalit Mahila Sachetana Kendra
Ghanashayam Acharya HURAC Rolpa
Him Jyoti Gotame Janasewa Kendra Nepal
Sumitra Gharti Magar Jana Sarokar Service Center
Ram Kumar Neupane Section Officer, DDC
Gokarna Pun DCWB
Bhasanta Rokka Magar Field Worker, Thawang VDC
Pabitra Gharti Field Worker, Kureli VDC
Juna Maya Rokka Magar Chairperson, User Commitee, Uwa-6
Achham
Indira Ojha WDO
Prem Bahadur Budha DCWB
Khadga Bahadur Bistha Program Officer, DDC
WAC –Nepal, partner NGO, Dhakari VDC
Janalibandali Society, Achham, Dhaku VDC
VIDIC Nepal, Kalagaon VDC
WADS Nepal, Bardadevi VDC
PNGO District Red cross Society, Bhatakatiya
Nara Bahadur Bohora VDC Secretary, Bhatakatiya VDC
41
Bir Bahadur Shai District TOT participant
Dambar Kumari Saud District TOT participant
Tek Bahadur Thapa Radio Ramaroshan, Achham
Tek Bahadur Bhandari Panchakoshi FM, Dailekha
Rukum
WDO
Sisne Youth Club Khara VDC
Nepal Indigenous Ethnic Concern
Center
Chunawang VDC
MIC Nepal Ranmamaikot VDC
Christian Society Development
Campaign
Hukam VDC
Nepal Public Awareness Forum Pipal VDC
HRPLSC Mahat
Shankar Bahadur KC TOT participant
Lalit Bahadur Budha Magar TOT participant
Kishan Singh Thapa DSP, Rukum
Narayan Sha Sisne FM, Rukum
42
Annex 2.1 Overview of VDC level training date and participants by districts and VDCs
Participants
SN VDC Date Expected Attended Female Male
Achham
1 Kala Gaon 21 - 22 Feb. 50 50 24 26
2 Dhaku 26 - 27 Feb. 50 50 14 36
3 Dhakari 28 - 29 Feb. 50 50 18 32
4 Bhatakatia 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 29 21
5 Barda Devi 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 13 37
6 Kuinka 24- 25 Feb. 50 50 20 30
Total 300 300 118 182
Banke
1 Betahani 23-24 Mar. 50 50 21 29
2 Naubasta 17-18 Mar. 50 50 20 30
3 Baijapur 21-22 Mar. 50 50 22 28
4 Gangapur 25-26 Mar. 50 50 21 29
5 Binauna 19-20 Mar. 50 50 32 18
6 Mahadevpuri 27-28 Mar. 50 50 14 36
7 Fattepur 29-30 Mar. 50 50 32 18
TOTAL 350 350 162 188
Bardiya
1 Mohammadpur 16 – 17 Mar. 50 53 49 4
2 Thakurdwara 22– 23 Mar. 50 53 36 17
3 Dhadwar 25 – 26 Mar. 50 53 30 23
4 Motipur 19 – 20 Mar. 50 53 32 21
5 Badalpur 28 – 29 Mar. 50 53 30 23
6 Patabhar 1-2 April 50 53 30 23
TOTAL 300 318 207 111
Rolpa
1 Thabang 26-27 Mar. 50 50 20 30
2 Jailbang 26 – 27 Mar. 50 50 19 31
3 Kureli 16 – 17 Mar. 50 50 24 26
4 Mirul 21-22 Mar. 50 50 19 31
5 Gam 2-3 Apr. 50 50 9 41
6 Uwa 1-2 Apr. 50 50 24 26
TOTAL 300 300 115 185
Rukum
1 Khara 21- 22 Feb. 50 50 34 16
2 Mahat 16 - 17 Feb. 50 50 27 23
3 Chunbang 18 - 19 Feb. 50 50 17 33
4 Pipal 19 - 20 Feb. 50 50 32 18
5 Hukam 3-4 Apr. 50 50 29 21
6 Ranma Maikot 5-6 Apr. 50 50 29 21
TOTAL 300 300 168 132
43
Annex 2.2 Overview of FM Radio Programs on social protection
District FM Total PSA per
day
Radio program day Radio program
time
Bardia Fulbari 10 New Program: Sunday
Repeat Program: Wednesday
7:30 – 8:00 am
7:30-8:00 am
Rolpa Radio Rolpa 10
New Program: Wednesday
Repeat Program: Friday
7:00 – 7:30 am
7:00 – 7:30 am
Rukum Radio Sisne 10
New Program: Sunday
Repeat Program: Saturday
7:30 – 8:00 am
9:30-10:00 pm
Banke Krishnasar FM 10
New Program: Monday
Repeat Program: Friday
7:00 – 7:30 am
7:00 – 7:30 am
Achham Ramaroshan FM
10
New Program: Monday
Repeat Program: Friday
8:30 – 9:00 am
9:15-9:45 pm
Dailekh Panchakoshi
10
New Program: Sunday
Repeat Program: Tuesday
7:00 – 7:30 am
7:00 – 7:30 am
Annex 2.3 Target Distribution project beneficiaries by districts and VDCs
VDC Number Per cent VDC Number Per cent
Achham Bardiya
Kalagaon 150 3.1 Badalpur 110 1.8
Kuika 150 3.1 Dhadawar 110 1.8
Bhatkatiya 150 3.1 Motipur 80 1.3
Dhaku 150 3.1 Mohammadapur 80 1.3
Dhakari 150 3.1 Patabhar 110 1.8
Bardadevi 150 3.1 Thakurdwara 110 1.8
Sub-total 900 18.4 Sub-total 600 9.7
Banke Rolpa
Betahani 75 1.3 Gam 151 2.1
Binauna 75 1.3 Jelbang 151 2.1
Naubasta 125 2.2 Kureli 151 2.1
Baijapur 125 2.2 Mirul 151 2.1
Mahadevpuri 125 2.2 Thabang 151 2.1
Fattepur 90 1.6 Uwa 145 2.0
Gangapur 85 1.5 Sub-total 900 12.7
Sub-total 700 12.5 Rukum
Khara 130 1.8
Ranmaikot 130 1.8
44
Chunabang 130 1.8
Hukam 170 2.4
Mahat 170 2.4
Pipal 170 2.4
Sub-total 900 12.7
Total 4000 100.0
Note: for ward wise distribution of project beneficiaries, please refer to annex ….
45
Annex 2.4 Cases of Income Generating Activities and Contribution in Income
Case I High earning from a cycle repair workshop
Man Kumari Tharu, 27, is from Thakurdwara, Bardiya. She is from a very marginalized and poor family.
Her family owns only three Kattha land. Her family consists of four members (2 sons, husband and
herself). Both sons are attending in a community school in the village.
Being a very poor family, Man Kumari was selected as a beneficiary family. She received grants of Rs.
12,000 in April, 2011 (Chaitra, 2067). Her husband had a cycle maintenance workshop before she
received the grants. The grant was utilized for buying the maintenance materials of the cycle workshop.
Now, both husband and wife work in the workshop. Before receiving the grants, Man Kumari was a
wage labor in agriculture.
Man Kumari reported that they earned, on the average, Rs. 300 – 400 daily, a maximum of Rs. 800-Rs.
1,000. Her family has also initiated saving in Karnali Development Bank and in a Cooperative in the
village. Her family has deposited of Rs. 7,000 in Karnali Development Bank and Rs. 50 daily in the
cooperative and by now they have Rs. 4,500 in the cooperative. Before the program intervention, her
family did not have saving at all.
When enquired about the utilization of earning from the cycle workshop, she reported that they use it
for food, children's education and medicine. As both husband and wife are involved in cycle
maintenance, the activity may be continued in future.
Case 2 High earning from a furniture workshop
Paradeshini Tharu, 28, comes from Thakurdwara-1, Bardiya. She received grants as being a very poor
family.
Her husband used to work as a carpenter in the village. After receiving the grants, they established a
furniture workshop by buying electricity-run cutter machines, motors and other tools. Before receiving
the grants, they had only hand-used tools.
It is reported that there is high demand of furniture like chairs, desks, sleeping beds, dressing tables,
kitchen tables, stands and low beds. The demand comes from the villagers, hotel owners and schools.
In order to meet the demand, they have they have employed two workers paying of Rs. 300/daily per
person.
It is reported that they have monthly income of Rs. 18,000-Rs. 20,000. They have also initiated saving in
Karnali Development Bank and a cooperative. They have saving of Rs. 2000 in the former and they
deposit Rs. 200 daily the cooperative. By now, they have deposited Rs. 14,000 in the cooperative which
provides 8% interest to the deposited money. In addition, they have bought furniture making tools in
Rs. 28,000 by their earning and they were also able to send their brother to a Gulf country by paying Rs.
Rs. 40,000 in this year.
When enquired about the advantage of the grants, Paradeshini and her husband responded that
before they used to make furniture by hands, now they make it from electrical tools – resulting good
quality products, fast work and high price. Paradeshini has two sons and two daughters. Her three
children are going to a community school and her last son is attending in a private school regularly.
46
Case 3 Relief from a Ghumti shop for a very deprived Dalit family
Suka Maya Dholi, Thakurdwara-6, Bardiya, is from a landless as well as Dalit family. Her family consists
of 10 members and her husband is working in India as a laborer. Suka Maya received grants in her
brother's daughter name who is disabled. Suka Maya is taking care of her.
With the grants of Rs. 12,000, Suka Maya opened ghumti pasal (a small retail shop kept in a small
wooden made hut) in the village. She bought ghumti in Rs. 15,000 and goods in Rs. 11,000 with the
grants and borrowing from a cooperative in the village.
She has now earning of Rs. 200-300 daily and she utilizes income in household consumption and child's
education.
When enquired about the advantages of the grants received, she says, 'I have never thought that we
will be able to do a shop in this area as we are the landless and we did not have income to establish a
shop. The grants provided us this opportunity'. She realized that one must be literate to run a shop.
Before the program intervention, her family often borrowed in a high interest rate, now her family has
no loan for household consumption.
She saves Rs. 200/monthly in Karnali Development Bank. By now, she has Rs. 5,000 deposit in the Bank.
In addition, she has been depositing Rs. 40/monthly for the last 24 months in a cooperative. She has
also bought one buffalo in Rs. 14,000 some eight years ago, contributing Rs. 4000 from the earning of
the shop and Rs. 9000 from a cooperative. She sells buffalo milk and earns Rs. 50 to 60 daily.
My both children are attending in school – one in grade 10 and another in grade 6.
Case 4 Considerable earning from a tailoring occupation
Durga Pariyar, Thakurdwara-6, Bardiya, is from a very poor and Dalit family. She received grant of Rs.
12,000 from the project. Before receiving grants, she had one tailoring machine. With the grant money,
she bought one tailoring machine. Before, she only worked. Now, she and her son work.
Her family has now good earning. She receives 6 quintal paddy and 1.5 quintal wheat annually. In
addition to this, she earns Rs. 300 to Rs. 400 daily. She has been regularly saving money in a
cooperative and a bank. She saves Rs. 1,000 monthly in the cooperative and by now she has Rs. 8,000
deposit. In addition, she has also Rs. 6,000 saving in Karnali Development Bank.
She said that with the grant she received her family income has drastically changed. Before, there was
only one old tailoring machine which did not work well. Now, she has new tailoring machine from
which she can work fast.
She has one son and one daughter. Her daughter has been studying in Bachelor third year in a college.
Case 5 Tea shop
Mahana Hara Gurung is from Naubasta-6, Banke. She used the grants in goat raising and establishing a
tea shop. Two goats were bought in Rs. 5,500 and Rs. 6,000 was invested in the tea shop. Manhara
received grants but she unfortunately died six months ago and now her husband is looking after the
goats and the tea shop.
47
Man Bir has become a member of a cooperative and deposits Rs. 100 daily. By now, he has deposited
Rs. 6,000.
Case 6 Goat raising
Khageshowara Singh, 58, is from Naubasta-6, Banke. Her family was displaced from Dailekha some 10
years ago. There are four members in the family – her husband, one son, one daughter. Now, she and
her husband are living together. Her husband lost right hand due to conflict i.e. right hand was cut by
Maoist. Although her husband has no right hand, he has not been provided disabled person's allowance
by the Government. The family has no land and a small hut is built in the land of Surkhet road.
She received grants of Rs. 12,000 in August 2011. She bought one goat in Rs. 8,000; one he-goat in Rs.
5,000 and one baby goat in Rs. 3,000. The additional money she borrowed. The goats are of improved
quality. When enquired from the she-goat, now she has two baby goats. She has not sold goats yet but
if she sells them, she said that she would get more than Rs. 30,000 – thus within one-year, she has
doubled her income.
Khageshowara deposits Rs. 100 daily in a cooperative in the village and by now, she has deposited Rs.
10,000.
Case 7 Small shop
Ratna Kumari Shai, 36, is from Naubasta-7, Banke. Her family was displaced from Dailekha district due
to conflict some 8-10 years ago. Now, this family is residing in the bank of Surkhet road. Ratna has four
family members. Her husband is working as a laborer in India. She received grants of Rs. 12,000 from
the project.
With the grants, she opened a small grocery shop in August 2011. She sells of Rs. 500 to 600 daily. She
has now about Rs. 25,000 goods in the grocery shop – making it about Rs. 13,000 profit from the shop
within the last one-year. She has initiated saving money of Rs. 50 to Rs. 100 daily in a Cooperative in
the village for the last 6 months. She has also Rs. 1,000 in Bank of Kathmandu.
Case of Pitamari Village, Naubasta-2
This is a village of 20-30 households, settled by Dalits. All the houses are built by straw and thatched
and all houses are of single storey. There is only a single room in each house. There is no toilet facility
and drinking water facility; the houses are not also linked with the electricity lines.
All of the Dalit families displaced from Surkhet district during conflict period. They do not have land for
farming. Adult males go to India for labour while women are involved in goat-raising and some elderly
women are also involved in begging. Some children, especially girls, are ended in child labour in
Nepalgunj.
From this village, the JFPR project selected the most deprived families as project beneficiaries. The
project has contributed to enhance people's livelihood such as the cases of the following:
Case 8 Goat raising
Ratna Nepali, 42, Naubasta-2, Banke is from a Dalit family. Her husband disappeared during the conflict
period. Now, Ratna has five children. Ratna herself is physically disabled and cannot work. She
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sometimes goes to the village for begging for her survival. She bought two goats in August 2011 from
the grants and she spent some money for her treatment. Now, there are four goats but she is afraid of
spreading the disease in goats and she demanded that anti-disease vaccination should be provided. She
said that she sold a he-goat in Rs. 3000 some three months ago.
Case 9 Goat raising
Sitala BK, 55, is from Naubasta-2, Banke and she is from a Dalit family. Now, this family has five family
members. Her husband has become old and cannot work. She was very much dissatisfied with the
Government action. She says, 'we do not care who is in the Government. Nobody cares us. For the last
two-years, my son has not received scholarship in school. We cannot afford for cloth, two meals'.
With the grants of Rs. 12,000, she bought four goats in Rs. 10,000 in August 2011. With these four
goats, now she has 7 goats and she had already sold a he-goat in Rs. 2,400.
She has been saving Rs. 25 monthly in a woman group in the village.
Case 10 Goat raising
Laxmi Nepali, 49, is from Naubasta-2, Banke. Laxmi family is very poor family: no land, no occupation.
She has 7 family members (husband-wife and five children). Her husband and first son are working as
laborers in India. Her last daughter has developed paralysis and cannot move. She herself has poor
hearing. Other two children are attending in a community school.
With the grants of Rs. 12,000, she bought three goats in Rs. 6,000 in September 2011 and she has given
Rs. 4,000 as loan in the village in the interest rate of 60% annually. Now, she has six goats (3 baby
goats). When enquired about the prices of the goats, she said that she could sell easily in Rs. 18,000 in
the prevailing market prices.
She has been saving Rs. 25 monthly in a woman group in the village. She told us that the grants helped
increase income. She is aware that Government provides scholarship for Dalit children in school. But,
she reported that school has not distributed scholarship for the last 2 years.
Case 11 Pig raising
Pabitra Budha, 27, is from Kureli VDC, Rolpa. Pabitra is from a very poor family. Her family consists of 6
members: her husband, herself, two sons, mother and father-in-laws. Her husband is working in India
as a laborer.
With the grants of Rs. 12,000 she received, she bought one pig in Rs. 6,000 and the remaining grant
was used for family expenditure. She bought the pig in December 2011. The pig gave 11 baby pigs. Of
which two died and she sold 9 baby pigs in Rs. 2000 each and earned Rs. 18,000.
Her both daughters are studying in a private school in the village. She also involved in social protection
training given by the project. She says, 'I am very happy that I could improve my income due to the
grants I received from the project'.
Survey instruments for Final Evaluation of Project STRENGTHENING DECENTRALIZED SUPPORT FOR VULNERABLE AND
CONFLICT AFFECTED FAMILIES JFPR 9110 NEP
Outline of Evaluation Study
1. Introduction – Project Context Project Objectives Methodology of the Final Evaluation
2. Results
Relevancy Activities and Achievement (outputs – number of beneficiaries for Components 3
and 4) Effectiveness Impact Equity Sustainability
3. Summary and Conclusions
INFORMANTS Component 3: Capacity Development
Post Graduates of Social Work (PGDSW) Training participants of TOT for mid-level district officials Participants of child rights sensitization training Participants of child care homes standards training
Content analysis
Civil society and community-based-organisation courses Advocay and information materials – print materials (calendars and brochures), public
service announcement and Radio program Component 4 Piloting Quality Services (Economic Empowerment)
District Project Steering Committee meeting - WDO, DCWB Partner NGOs VDC secretaries – VDC level consultative meeting (number), how did the project
beneficiaries were identified? Was that reasonable? How? Line agencies - District Veterinary Office, Agriculture Development Office, and Small
enterprise and Cottage Industry Office) Beneficiaries families Case studies of the successful story (may be found from partner NGOs)
Post Graduates of Social Work (PGDSW)
Number of interviews to be taken – 5 or 6 persons (including 2-3 females) Place of interview: Govt. Offices in Kathmandu Type of survey tools: Key Informant Interview Relevancy
To what extent did you find the relevancy of PGDSW? Give examples. Effectiveness
Did you bring the knowledge learnt in the PGDSW in official work? After the Course, did you get any opportunity to involve in formation of policies and programs related to social protection? Give example.
Impact In your opinion, what has contributed by your knowledge of PGDSW in changing the life
of conflict affected people and marginalized groups?
Training Participants of TOT for Mid-level District Officials Number of interviews to be taken – 10 or 12 persons (including 5-6 females) Place of interview: Govt. Offices in Kathmandu, and project districts Type of survey tools: Key Informant Interview Relevancy
Can you remember the training provided by ASI project and Women and Children Department related to conflict affected and vulnerable families? When?
To what extent did you find the relevancy of training for your work? Give examples. What actually you learnt in the TOT that you have no idea or little knowledge? Did you find the training of TOT competitive who can transmit knowledge easily? TOT
manual adequate? Well planned with adequate materials? Effectiveness
Did you find TOT courses as innovative and useful? How? Give example. After receiving TOT, what did you do to transform knowledge to the community people?
Number of training programs run at the local levels? Experiences from such training? How did you make practical use of the additional knowledge of TOT in your service
delivery? Have you made any suggestions for improvements in service delivery mechanism?
Impact What do you think that the project's contribution on brining changes in the life of the
conflict affected people in this area? Economic – increase in income, reducing food
insecurity, sending children to school, awareness level of community people on Government entitlements and % of people receiving Government entitlements after the project intervention. Give examples.
In your opinion, what are the weaknesses of the project implementation process? What
might have been done to efficiently deliver the services to the target groups?
VDC Secretaries Number of interviews to be taken – 5 or 6 persons Place of interview: Project VDCs Type of survey tools: Key Informant Interview Project Implementation Modality
Do you think that you have also participated in the project implementation process? in selection of project beneficiaries? Training to villagers? Birth registration process? Community infrastructure development project? Meeting and feedback to partner organizations etc? Give details of participation process.
Relevancy
How long did you take the training provided by the project? When? To what extent did you find the relevancy of training for your work? Give examples.
Effectiveness
Did you bring the knowledge learnt in the training in your official work? Give example. How many community infrastructure development projects were initiated in the VDCs?
To what extent these projects benefit for the conflict affected people? Impact
What do you think that the project's contribution on brining changes in the life of the conflict affected people in this area? Give examples.
Category How? Give example. Increasing family income Reducing food insecurity (food deficiency months)
Number of beneficiaries received training and skills
Awareness level of project beneficiaries on GoN entitlements
Sustainability
Do you think that after the phase-out of the project, can the project achievements be sustained? What are the organizational sustainability? Linkages? Resources? Market facilities developed? Motivation of people?
In your opinion, what are the weaknesses of the project implementation process? What might have been done to efficiently deliver the services to the target groups?
Partner NGOs (including WCDO and DCWB)
Number of interviews to be taken All NGOs partners Place of interview: Project districts Type of survey tools: Group Discussion (in each project district) and review of
official records Name of district………………………….….Name of VDC…………………… Number of beneficiaries (grants received) Categories Number of beneficiaries Families lost their livelihood as a direct impact of conflict Extremely poor families Socially very disadvantaged families/have no anyone to support them
Women as heath of the family due to due to death/disability of the male head
Families with children (minor) members only Caretaking responsibility
Target vs. Achievement (Activities and Outputs) Activities Target Achieved Remarks Number of beneficiaries disbursed grants for livelihood activities
Types of gainful employment activities in which grants disbursed
Number and types of community infrastructure created
Initiation of Market information system and effective buyer contracts or linkages
Number of beneficiaries received small scale or cottage industry training by potential buyers and employers
Number of producer organizations formed and mobilized
Number of conflict affected families aware on entitlements provided by the Government
Number of conflict affected families entitled to support have received entitlements provided by Government
Implementation Modality
How did you select the project beneficiaries for grants? How did you select the project beneficiaries for business and skill development training? How did you organize the project beneficiaries? Or did you approach house-to-house? How many field workers mobilize? Role and responsibility of the field workers? Full
time or part-time job of the field worker? Reporting system – time, where? and feedback system Do you think that implementation modality of project can be replicated in other areas of
the same nature of the project? How? Relevancy of the Project
To what extent did you find the relevancy of project for the conflict affected people? Give examples.
Has the project tallied with the needs of the conflict affected people? Efficiency
Whether the project implemented according to schedule? Where implemented on time? Where could not be implemented? Reasons for it?
What was the composition of project staff? Have the project staff/field workers met quality requirement in service delivery? Training? Experiences? Dedication?
Did you find the IEC materials on time? Distribution of IEC materials? Whether timely and accurate reporting system? Give details. Monitoring and supervision mechanism from the ASI and Government – whether the
feedback from the mid-term evaluation fed to the second year project cycle? In your opinion, what are the weaknesses of the project implementation process? What
might have been done to efficiently deliver the services to the target groups? Effectiveness
Do you think that the objective of the project to increase family income by 10% annually has been met from the project? If yes, how? If no, reasons for it? Give example.
What were the coordination and networking mechanism to implement the project with the VDC, Govt line agencies and others? What do you think that such coordination contributed to achieve the objective of the project?
Do you think that project has contributed to increase awareness of Government's entitlements among the conflict affected and vulnerable families and people looking for such entitlements? If so, how? Give example.
What do you think about the system of receiving grants through bank? Was it appropriate? Easy? Reliable? Were any barriers in receiving grants on time by the project beneficiaries?
How many community infrastructure development projects were initiated in the VDCs? To what extent these projects benefit for the conflict affected people? Give examples.
Description about community infrastructure Type of construction of project Criteria of selection of project Advantaged for the target population Directly conflict affected families Other economically and socially disadvantaged social groups
Impact
What do you think that the project's contribution on brining changes in the life of the conflict affected people in this area? Give examples.
Category How? Give example. Increasing family income Reducing food insecurity (food deficiency months)
Number of beneficiaries received training and skills
Awareness level of project beneficiaries on GoN entitlements
Sustainability
Do you think that after the phase-out of the project, can the project achievements be sustained? What are the organizational sustainability? Linkages? Resources? Market facilities developed? Motivation of people?
Survey of Beneficiary Families
Number of interviews to be taken 930 beneficiary families Place of interview: Project districts and VDCs Type of survey tools: Semi-structured interview Key issues to be covered
Food insecurity in target locations increased to 6 months within 2 years of initial grants Family income increased by 10% in first year after receiving assistance, and a further
10% in the following year Grants for livelihood activities disbursed have been successfully utilized for gainful
employment activities Community infrastructure as identified by the community is created in each VDC Market information system and effective buyer contracts or linkages are executed For small scale and cottage industry training and skill up-gradation done by potential
buyers and employers in most cases Formation producer organizations Awareness level on entitlements provided by Government Received of entitlements provided by Government
Indicators used in Baseline survey and to be used Endline Survey SN Indicators Baseline Endline Remarks I Demographic indicators Place of residence - district, VCD, ward number and tole √ √ Sex of head of household √ √ Caste/ethnic group √ √ Family size √ √ Composition of family (child, adult and aged) √ √ Types of beneficiaries – directly conflict affected or socially and economically
disadvantaged social group √ √
II Economic Indicators Household assets – landholding, livestock and other assets like Radio, TV, agricultural
inputs √ √
Food security status from own production (land, livestock, business) around the year √ √ Retrospective Q Number of persons employed by occupation according to age and gender √ √ Number of persons with training and skills for livelihood options √ √ Main sources of household income √ √ Total annual household income (production, labour/service, business/trade, remittance,
pension, social security schemes, interest, rental fee etc) X √ Retrospective Q
III Changes in Livelihood Patters Amount received for grants X √ Types of economic activities in which grant invested X √ Amount earned from the grant invested in the first year of the project X √ Amount earned from the grant invested in the second year of the project X √ Linkage with market information and networks system X √ Training received in cottage and small scale industry X √ Formation of producer organization among conflict affected families, respondents
involvement status in the organization X √
IV Knowledge and Benefits of Community Infrastructure Developed Knowledge about the community infrastructure created by the project X √ Types of infrastructure created X √ Participation of informant in community infrastructure project (as a laborer, member of
user group, and others) X √
Perceived and/or realized benefits from the community infrastructure created X √ V Social Indicators
Female and male adult literacy rates √ √ Number of school age children (5-14 years) going/not going to school by gender √ √ Number of school age children receiving Govt. scholarship by age and gender √ √ Reasons for not going school/drop-out √ √ Number of school age children by gender in child labor outside of the household √ √ Birth registration status (under 5-years of children) X √ Retrospective Q Practice of monthly saving X √ Retrospective Q Availability of citizenship certificate X √ Retrospective Q Bank account X √ Retrospective Q Perception on bank account system – useful or not? X √ VI Awareness on Rights Sources of Support and Government Entitlements Number of family members by age and gender involved in social organizations – poverty
alleviation program, women’s empowerment program √ √
Number of family members involved in school/health post/forest/irrigation management/user committees in the community/VDC
√ √
Knowledge and access to government social security schemes like senior citizen allowance, Dalit, endangered Janjati, single women (60 years and above) allowance, and conflict affected families.
√ √
Received of Govt social security schemes √ √
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