federal republic of nigeria - World Bank Documents

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

i

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND EXPENDITURE FOR RESULTS (SEEFOR)

FINAL REPORT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP)

FOR ROAD REHABILITATION PROJECT IN WARRI METROPOLIS, DELTA STATE

August 27, 2015

E4839 V4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages

Title page i

Executive Summary ii

List of Acronyms v

Units of measure vi

Table of contents vii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.0 Background 1

1.1 Project Description 2

1.2 Rationale for the Project 3

1.3 Rationale for the ESMP 3

1.4 Scope of Work 5

CHAPTER TWO: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered By Seefor Projects 7


iii

2.1.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) OP 4.01 7

2.1.2 Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) 8

2.1.3 Pest Management (OP 4.09) 8

2.1.4 Forest (OP 4.36) 9

2.1.5 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) 9

2.1.6 Forest (OP 4.36) 10

2.1.7 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 10

2.2 Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Frameworks 12

2.2.1 The Federal Ministry of Environment 12

2.2.2 The National Policy on the Environment (NPE) of 1989 12

2.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv) 13

2.2.4 The National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution

Control in Nigeria 13

2.2.5 The National Effluents Limitations Regulation 13

2.2.6 The NEP (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating

Waste) Regulations 13

2.2.7 The Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Regulations 14

2.2.8 National Guidelines on Environmental Management Systems (1999) 14

2.2.9 National Guidelines for Environmental Audit 14

2.2.10 National Policy on Flood and Erosion Control 2006 (FMEnv) 14

2.2.11 National Air Quality Standard Decree No. 59 of 1991 14

2.2.12: The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement

Agency Act 2007 (NESREA Act) 14

2.3 Other Relevant Acts and Legislations at Federal Level 15

2.3.1 Land Use Act of 1978 15


iv

2.3.2 Forestry Act 15

2.3.3 Criminal Code 16

2.3.4 Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) 16

2.4 State Legislations 17

2.4.1 Delta State Ministry of Environment 18

2.4.2 Ministry of Lands, Urban and Regional Planning 20

2.4.3 Ministry of Works 21

2.4.4 Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources 21

2.4.5 Ministry of Water Resources Development 21

2.4.6 Ministry of Women Affairs Community and Social Development 22

2.4.7 Delta State Directorate of Youth Development 22

2.5 SEEFROR - Adequacy of Legal Instruments for Environmental & Social Issues 23

CHAPTER THREE: GENERAL METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction 24

3.2 ESMP Requirements 26

3.2.1 Screening 26

3.2.2 Scoping 26

3.3 ESMP Process 27

3.4 Baseline Study Methodology 27

3.5 Existing Conditions 28

3.6 Mapping of the Project Area 28

3.7 Socio-Economic Survey 28

3.7.1 Data Collection and sampling methodology 29

3.8 Impact Significance Assessment 31

3.8.2 Method for Determining Event Magnitude 31

3.8.3 Method for Determining Receptor Sensitivity 32

3.9 Trans-Boundary and Cumulative Impacts 33

3.10 Mitigation and Monitoring 33

CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

CONDITIONS

4.0 Introduction 34

4.1 Description of Project Site 34

4.2 Description of the Selected Road Networks 37

4.3 Physical Environment 45

4.3.1 Relief and Drainage 46

4.3.2 Climate and meteorology 46

4.3.2.1 Explicit climate and meteorology 46


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4.3.2.2 Rainfall 46

4.3.2.2 Temperature 49

4.3.2.3 Relative Humidity (RH) 49

4.3.2.4 Sunshine Hours 50

4.3.2.5 Wind Patterns 50

4.3.3 Geology/Geomorphology/Hydrogeology 50

4.3.4 Air Quality and Noise 51

4.3.5 Groundwater Quality 52

4.3.6 Surface Water Quality 55

4.3.7 Soil Quality 56

4.3.8 Terrestrial Flora (Vegetation) 59

4.3.9 Terrestrial Flora (Wildlife) 61

CHAPTER FIVE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION

5.0 Introduction 63

5.1 Methodology 64

5.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Project Affected People (Pap) 64

5.2.1 Population Characteristics of the Proposed Project Area 64

5.2.2 Gender/Sex Profile 66

5.2.3 Age Profile 66

5.2.4 Ethnic group 67

5.2.5 Level of Education 68

5.2.6 Families and Households 69

5.2.6.1 Marital Status 69

5.2.6.2 Family Types 69

5.2.7 Residential Status of Respondents 71

5.2.8 Duration of Stay in Area 71

5.2.9 Employment Status of Respondents 72

5.2.10 Income Level of the Respondents 73

5.3 Assessment of Social Infrastructure and Standard of Living 74

5.3.1 Housing Characteristics in the Project Area 74

3.3.2 Source of Energy 75

5.4 Assessment of Health Status of Sampled Households 76

5.4.1 Method of Healthcare 76

5.4.2 Assessment of Ailment/Sickness Dominant in the Project Area 77

5.5 Sources of Domestic Water 78

5.6 Assessment of Waste Management Methods 79

5.7 Communities’ Environmental Concerns (CECS) 80

5.8 Impact Evaluation of the Road Rehabilitation Intervention Activities 82


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CHAPTER SIX: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

6.0 Introduction 84

6.1 Potential Impacts 84

6.1.1 Positive impacts 84

6.1.2 Negative Impacts 85

6.1.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase 86

6.1.2.2 Construction Phase 87

6.1.2.3 Operations and Maintenance Phase 88

6.1.3 Social Impacts 91

6.2 Analysis of Alternatives 94

6.2.1 No-Action alternative 95

6.2.2 The Use of Civil Works 95

CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.0 Introduction 98

7.1 Mitigation Measures 98

7.1.1 Pre-construction phase 98

7.1.2 Construction/Rehabilitation phase 105

7.1.2.2 Biological Impact 125

7.1.2.3 Socio-economic Impact 130

7.1.2.4 Public Health 146

7.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase 158

7.2 Institutional Responsibilities and Accountabilities 181

7.2.1 Pre-construction Phase 181

7.2.1.1 Key Agencies 181

7.2.1.2 Role of the Involved Agencies 181

7.2.1.3 Reporting and Follow-Up 182

7.2.2 Construction Phase 182


7.2.2.2 Role of Involved Agencies 183

7.2.2.3 Reporting and Follow-Up 184

7.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase 184


7.2.3.2 Role of Involved Agencies 185

7.2.3.3 Institutional and implementation arrangements for implementing the ESMP at the

local level 186

7.3 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures 186


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7.3.1 Flora and Fauna Management Plan 187

7.3.2 Waste Management Plan 188

7.3.3 Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan 190

7.3.4 Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan 192

7.3.5 Water Management Plan 193

7.3.6 Air Quality Management Plan 194

7.3.7 Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan 194

7.3.8 Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan 195

7.3.9 Cultural Heritage Management Plan 196

7.3.10 Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan 197

7.3.11 Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan 198

7.3.12 Community Health & Safety Plan 199

7.3.13 Stakeholder Engagement Plan 200

201

7.3.14 Training Programmed 202

7.4 Monitoring and Evaluation 204

7.5 Implementation Schedule 205

7.6 ESMP Costing and Cost Analysis 206

CHAPTER EIGHT: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 208

Appendix I 209

Appendix II 216


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LIST OF TABLES

Pages

Table 1.1: Safeguards Triggered by Delta State SEEFOR intervention 2

Table 3.1: Details of the Sampling Methodology and the Questionnaires Administered 30

Table 4.1: Description of SEEFOR intervention projects in Warri metropolis 45

Table 4.2: Climatic Characteristics of the Project Area 47

Table 4.3: Ambient Air Quality and Noise Results

Table 4.4: Physio-chemical properties of groundwater samples collected from the

Study area in Warri metropolis, Delta State 53

Table 4.5: Microbial properties of groundwater samples collected from the study area 54

Table 4.6: physio-chemical and microbial results of surface water samples

From the study area 55

Table 4.7: Result of Soil Samples from the Study Area 57

Table 4.8: List of Fauna Species recorded in the Study Area 62

Table 5.1: Type of Materials in the Building and Tenure Systems 75

Table 5.2: Source of energy for lighting 76

Table 5.3 Sources of Domestic water 79

Table 5.4: Perceived environmental Impacts of the road network across the

various stages of the rehabilitation project 81

Table 6.1: Appraisal of the ‘No Action’ Alternative and Use of Civil Works 96

Table 7.1: Mitigation Measures for Pre-construction phase 100

Table 7.2: Mitigation Measures for the Environmental Impacts

in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase 106

Table 7.3: Mitigation Measures for the Biological Impacts

In the Construction/Rehabilitation phase 126

Table 7.4: Mitigation Measures for the socioeconomic impacts


Table 7.5: Mitigation Measures for the public health impacts


Table 7.6: Mitigation Measures for Maintenance/Operational Phase 160

Table 7.7 shows the Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures for the various

Plans 202

Table 7.8: Institutional Capacity Strengthening Plan 203

Table 7.9 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures 205

Table 7.10: ESMP Implementation Schedule 206

Table 7.11: Cost Analysis of the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/

maintenance ESMP Implementation 207


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LIST OF FIGURES

Pages

Fig. 3.1: The ESMP Methodology. 25

Fig. 3.2: IDI with Youths Leader in the Project site 30

Fig.3.3: IDI with a woman leader in the project site 30

Fig.4.1: Map of Delta State showing the Project LGAs 35

Fig. 4.2: Map of Warri Metropolis 36

Fig. 4.3: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing the boundaries of the

three affected LGAs 36

Fig 4.4: Image Map of Warri metropolis showing NPA express and Refinery road 38

Fig 4.5: NPA Expressway 39

Fig.4.6: Ovie Palace road 39

Fig. 4.7 Refinery road 39

Fig. 4.8: Refinery road 39

Fig 4.9: Image Map showing Odion, Market and Cemetery Road 40

Fig. 4.10: Stadium road 40

Fig. 4.11: Odion roundabout 40

Fig. 4.12: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Jakpa road 41

Fig.4.13: A section of Jakpa road 41

Fig. 4.14: A section of Jakpa road 41

Fig.4.15: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Airport, Olomu road and

Angle Park 42

Fig.4.16: Olomu road 42

Fig 4.17: Okere roundabout 42

Fig.4.18: Image Map showing the Church road network in Otor udu community 43

Fig.4.19: A section of Church road, Udu 43

Fig.4.20: A section of Church road, Udu 44

Fig 4.21: Rainfall Characteristics of the Project Area 48

Fig 4.22: Characteristics of Daily Temperature within the Project Area 49

Fig 4.23: Characteristics of Relative Humidity within the Project Area 50

Fig 4.24: Bush fallow in the study area 61 Fig.

5.1: Population Estimation and Projection of the Project Site 65

Fig. 5.2: Sex Profile of Respondents 66

Fig. 5.3: Age Profile of Respondents 67

Fig. 5.4: Ethnic groupings and Classification of the Respondents 68

Fig. 5.5: Educational Status of the Respondents 68

Fig. 5.6: Marital Status 69


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Fig. 5.7: Household typology 70

Fig. 5.8: Household Size in the Study Area 70

Fig. 5.9: Residential Status of Respondents 71

Fig 5.10: Length of Residence 72

Fig. 5.11: Main Occupation of Respondents 73

Fig. 5.12: Income Status 73

Fig. 5.13: Health Status of Sampled Individuals and Households 77

Fig. 5.14: Ailment/Sickness Rampant Among the Sampled Households 78

Fig. 5.15 Solid Waste Management Methods

Fig 5.16: Impact of the Present State of the proposed project site 81

Fig. 5.17: Possible causes of youthful restiveness during the project 82


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Executive Summary

The Delta State Government has received an advance on the proceeds of a credit through the

World Bank Assisted Project on State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR) to

improve the composition and effectiveness of public expenditure by strengthening public

management systems and service delivery whilst enhancing employment generation in the state.

Consequent upon this, there is the need to assess the Environmental and Social Impacts of

intervention project by the Delta State SEEFOR’s call for Environmental and Social

Management Plan (ESMP) in the proposed interventions at the Warri Metropolis, including

Warri South, Uvwie and Udu Local Government Areas.

Description of Project Activities

This assessment covers the proposed project activities financed by World Bank SEEFOR in

Warri, covering local government areas of Warri South, Uvwie and Udu in Delta State, Nigeria.

The project is aimed at rehabilitating and maintaining existing road networks while generating

employment opportunities for youth in the proposed project affected areas through civil works.

Existing Safeguard Instruments and Rationale for the ESMP

This ESMP was drafted in accordance with The World Bank Operating Policy 4 and is consistent

with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) that was prepared and

disclosed by the project. The ESMP is designed to guide the process of the proposed intervention

projects with a view to enhancing project benefits and introduce standards of good

environmental and social practice for sustainable development in the State. The SEEFOR project

activities in Delta State have been categorized as B. As a consequence, the potential

environmental and social impacts of activities that are eligible to be funded under this project are

site-specific, non-cumulative, relatively easy to mitigate to acceptable levels and thus requires

mainly ESMP.

Institutional Framework

SEEFOR involves many federal and state ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs), local

governments, communities, and the civil society. Effective implementation, monitoring and


xii

evaluation of the project require inter-ministerial and inter-state coordination, collaboration, and

information sharing. Thus, each component, sub-component and activity of the project is to be

implemented through relevant federal and state MDAs. To this end, the various MDAs include

those responsible for planning, economy and finance, works, agriculture, water resources,

forests, transport, power, emergency response, as well as those focused on climate and

hydrological information or watershed/ basin regulation. The investments would be executed

through the Delta SEEFOR, as the state has the primary responsibility for land management in

the state.

The National Project Coordinating Unit (NPCU) is the lead implementing agency for SEEFOR.

The National Project Coordinating Unit (NPCU) is headed by a National Coordinator and hosted

by FMEnv is responsible for the overall coordination of the project. The Delta State Project

Coordinating Unit (Delta-SPCU), headed by the State Coordinator and hosted by Delta State

Ministry of Environment is responsible for project coordination in the State, thus is directly

responsible for the coordinating activities of the proposed projects including the implementation

of this ESMP. Both the federal and state levels coordinating units have environmental officers

responsible for mainstreaming environmental issues into SEEFOR projects. The Delta State

environmental officer is also directly responsible for coordinating the implementation of this

ESMP on behalf of the State Project Coordinator. At the community level, the road rehabilitation

and maintenance Monitoring Committee will effectively participate in ensuring full compliance

during project implementation including civil work activities. The World Bank will provide

oversight and guidance to the borrower as needed. However, it is the responsibility of the

borrower/proponent (Delta SEEFOR SPCU in this instance) to ensure that World Bank

safeguards policies are complied with in the implementation of the SEEFOR Project.

Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

The requirement for an Environmental Assessment and Social Management Plan is in

compliance with the laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the policies of the World Bank

that are geared towards achieving sustainable development goals through proper and adequate

care for the environment, health and social well-being of her citizens. This report is prepared in

accordance with SEEFOR provision of ESMF, PAD, PIM and RPF. However, in the event of

dissonance between the World Bank Safeguard Policies and the extant laws of Nigeria, World

Bank Safeguard Policies will supersede.


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Biophysical Environment

The assessment of biophysical environment of the study area covers general climate and

meteorology, air quality and noise level, topography, regional hydrology, water and soil quality,

geology, ecosystem, vegetation, plant physiognomy, crops, fauna and wildlife resources. In this

regard, the values of all the measured parameters, with the exception of the pH for the ground

water were within the acceptable limits of FMENV and other international standards Also, none

of the plant species and wildlife found is recorded in the vulnerable category of the IUCN.

Socio-Economic Characteristics

A study of the socio-economic characteristics of the project area reveals that:

The threat posed by the proposed project is minimal and can be curtailed using proposed

measures in this ESMP;

A high proportion of respondents in working class who have lived in the area for over

five years and have a sound knowledge about the history of the roads and can contribute

to the whole process of SEEFOR intervention.;

The proportion of literate population that attained secondary level of education is

35.90%;

High proportion of individuals engaged in trading. There is also a reasonable number of

people engaged in farming, thus the proposed project will assist in terms of accessible

commerce and trading;

Income level is mainly between N5,000 to N60,000; and

Malaria is the predominant ailment of the people.

Potential Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact

The social impacts of the project implemented are highly positive. There was a unanimous

agreement among respondents that the proposed project will enhance accessibility and encourage

high productivity. They also agreed that it will reduce economic hardships imposed on

commuters especially during period of rainfall and reduce travel distance to some strategic

location within the metropolis. Other concerns associated with the project include; employment

opportunities, flood control and improvements on traffic and transportation.


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Appraisal of the ‘No Action’ Alternative and Use of Civil Works

Criteria No Action The Civil Work

Overall Protection of

Environment and Human

Health (General

protection mechanisms)

This will not benefit the concerned stakeholders and community residents owing to the observed level of damages from the road networks. Unemployment will continue to increase, poor road condition will remain and this will continue to reduce accessibility to sources of livelihood.

The maintenance and

rehabilitation of the road will lead

to improvement of life. Properties

will be secured, lives being saved,

resources being recovered,

transportation facilities enhanced

and general restoration of

livelihood. It will benefit the

Project Affected People and the

residents.

Short-term Effectiveness The No-Action alternative

does not add any specific input

to the stated criteria.

The timeline for the civil and other

construction works is long term.

Nevertheless, the benefits

derivable are still better than a No-

Action alternative.

Long-term Effectiveness

and Permanence

This alternative does not meet

the long-term effectiveness

and permanence criteria.

Civil works will provide long-term

effectiveness for the roads.

Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures

Potential impacts, especially during the implementation phase include issues such as: flood, Air

quality issues, soil compaction, waste management traffic and transportation including diversion

during construction. Measures were developed to mitigate the identified impacts. Other

identifiable components of the environment, social sphere and health implications were also

considered with respect to the projects implemented.

Best available control technology including; dust suspension techniques, routine watering, proper

drainage alignment and leveling, community mobilization amongst others were stated as

mitigation measures. Other controls measures for specific impacts include; proper waste disposal

systems, speed limit indications and speed breaker, engagement of the community on health,

safety and the environment amongst others. The residents of the Warri metropolis significantly

expressed their desires for the intervention. This ESMP therefore recommend the execution of

the proposed SEEFOR intervention project in the study area and the implementation of the


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mitigation measures proposed for the project. A cost estimate of about Forty Two Thousand Five

Hundred dollars ($42,500: 00) was estimated for the proposed mitigation measures. It was

concluded that to enhance the benefits of the proposed intervention by the Delta State SEEFOR

at all phases of the projects’ execution, the mitigation measures provided in the Warri Metropolis

SEFFOR ESMP will be strictly followed.

Recommendations and Conclusion

Environmental and social impacts analyses show that the benefits of the proposed SEEFOR

intervention project in Warri outweigh the adverse impacts. As a consequence, this ESMP study

recommends the implementation of proposed road project in Warri. Through consultation with

stakeholders and communities affected by the proposed project, it was realized the project will

enhance effective and efficient intra and inter urban mobility while at the same it will create

employment opportunities for the youths in the area. As it is evident, the responses from the host

communities and individuals on implementation were highly positive.


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LIST OF ACRONYMS

ARAR - Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements

BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand

COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand

DO - Dissolved Oxygen

DSWB - Delta State Waste Management Board

EA - Environmental Assessment

EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment

ESMP - Environmental and Social Management Plan

FEPA - Federal Environmental Protection Agency

FGD - Focus Group Discussion

FGN - Federal Government of Nigeria

Fen - Federal Ministry of Environment

GPS - Global Positioning System

H2S - Hydrogen supplied

IDI - In-Depth Interviews

IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature

ISO - International Standard Organization

LGA - Local Government Area

MDAs - Ministries, Departments and Agencies

SEEFOR - State Employment and Expenditure for Results

PMU - Project Management Unit

VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds

SPCU - State Project Coordinating Unit

Smoke - State Ministry of Environment

SMoW - State Ministry of Work

SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter

TDS - Total Dissolved Solids

TSS - Total Suspended Solids

WHO - World Health Organisation


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UNITS OF MEASURE

0C - degree Centigrade

0F - degree Fahrenheit

cfu - colony forming units

CO2 - carbon dioxide

dB - decibel

g - gram

Ha - Hectare

hr/h - hour

kg - kilogramme

km - kilometer

L - litre

m - metre

max - maximum

mg - milligram

ms-1

- metre per second


1

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND

The Government of Nigeria has requested the assistance of the World Bank in the

preparation of State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR). The project

development objective (PDO) is to improve the composition and effectiveness of public

expenditure by strengthening public management systems and service delivery whilst

enhancing employment generation in participating states.

This project is not anticipated to lead to any large scale acquisition of land or denial of

access to usual means of livelihood or even disruption of environmental amenities.

However, for due diligence, it has become necessary to prepare an Environmental and

Social Management Framework (ESMF) to be used for the implementation of the SEEFOR

Project. Also, the civil engineering activities will involve the use of low and medium and

heavy duty equipment including but not limited to Loader, Grader, Bulldozer, Generator,

Mixer, Concrete Pump and Pneumatic Hammer amongst other.

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The project is designed around two main components - Public Financial Management

(PFM and service delivery - under which selected activities will be implemented to produce

outputs that will contribute towards the achievement of the PDO. The latter will have three

sub-components: (a) training and skills development; (b) youth employment and (c)

Community Driven Development (CDD).

The potential environmental impacts identified in the Environmental and Social

Management Framework (ESMF) are those associated with:

(i) rehabilitation and maintenance of existing roads and public buildings,

(ii) community infrastructure and

(iii) agricultural development which is expected to lead to increased production for rural

farmers and value added processing and marketing for such farmers.

The impacts to be mitigated by this ESMP include, amongst others, sweeping of surface

travelled roads, de-silting of drains, Patching of potholes, repairs of collapsed drains,

vegetation control on the kerbs and painting of kerbs. A comprehensive description of the

activities is reported in section 4.2


2

The Delta SEEFOR project in Warri is likely to trigger a number of World Bank Safeguard

Policies. These are indicated in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Safeguards Triggered by Delta State SEEFOR intervention

Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01) [x] [ ]

Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [x] [ ]

Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] [x]

Cultural Property (OPN 11.03, being revised as OP 4.11) [ ] [x]

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) [x] [ ]

Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20, being revised as OP 4.10) [ ] [x]

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ ] [x]

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [x]

Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60) [ ] [x]

Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP 7.50) [ ] [x]

To mitigate the risks of environmental and social impacts as identified in the

Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), the project components will

incorporate a range of environmental safeguards elements and ensure active community

compliance with the safeguards as detailed in the ESMF and the RPF.

1.2 RATIONALE FOR THE PROJECT

The level of youth unemployment in Delta State just is significantly similar to that of other

Niger Delta region States. This is more so, as youth unemployment in the Niger Delta just

like other parts of the world, is driven by demographic, educational and economic factors

that have characterised every society where unemployment is high. Specifically, two-thirds

of the population of the Niger Delta is below 30 years of age. With pervasive poverty and

unemployment in the region, many youths are susceptible to being recruited into militancy

and criminal activities. The persistent tension in the region has further encouraged more

youths to prefer quick and profitable gains from conflict over long term and frequently

unavailable investments in education and training. Indeed, youth restiveness and persistent

conflict in the Niger Delta region hurt both the local and national economy and even the

global economy.

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With the right interventions in skills development and training, this army of unemployed

youth could be transformed into a huge asset for the economy. The situation in the region is

worsened by poor governance which further contributes to poverty and social unrest.

Besides, the declining economic performance has led to rising unemployment or

underemployment while the lack of access to basic necessities of life such as water, shelter,

food and clothing and discriminatory policies are clear indications of bad governance. In

spite of the increased revenue allocation to states and local governments in the Niger Delta,

a recent citizen report card shows that many communities have benefited little of

government presence in terms of development projects, pointing to ineffective public

finance management in the states.

The SEEFOR project is thus designed in this direction to respond to both the short term and

medium term needs of Delta state by improving: 1. Jobs availability, 2. Poverty

Alleviation, 3. Better Resource Management, 4. Elimination of Corruption and 5. Sustain

Economic Development. Specifically in Warri, it is however, estimated that the expected

(indicative) labor requirements for the proposed project will range between 100 and 150

people.

1.3 RATIONALE FOR THE ESMP

The objective of the ESMP is to facilitate effective decision-making and to ensure that

implementation processes during the execution of the proposed project activities are

sustainable. Specifically, the ESMP seeks to provide a clear process including action plans

to integrate environmental and social considerations into the SEEFOR.

The specific objectives of the ESMP are to:

Assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the sub-projects (rehabilitation,

extensions of or new constructions in intervention sites, livelihood adaption, etc.), whether

positive or negative, and propose measures and plans to reduce or mitigate adverse

environmental impacts and enhance the positive impacts of the project.

Establish clear procedures and methodologies for incorporating environmental

management requirements including stake holder engagement in the implementation of the

project and all sub projects;

Ensure the project is carried out in accordance with Nigerian and World Bank guidelines

and safeguards. ;


4

Provide a strategy for the integration of social and environmental consideration at all stages

of the project planning, design, execution and operation of various sub-projects;

Ensure that l positive social and environmental impacts of sub-projects are enhanced and

that measures are designed to avoid or minimize, any potential adverse impacts;

Provide measures to mitigate any potential negative impacts of the project and a detailed

management plan to manage the social and environmental impacts of the project.

Provide guidelines to appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary

reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social impacts of

the program and sub-projects;

Determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully

implement the provisions of the ESMP;

Comply with regulatory and policy requirements (local and international) that are

applicable to the program and sub projects;

Identify potential environmental policies, legal and institutional framework pertaining to

the project.

Establish clear directives and methodologies for the Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment (ESIAs) as might be needed for specific sub-projects.

Identify modalities for estimating and budgeting the costs for the implementation of the

environmental Management Plan for the projects.

Ascertain the agencies responsible for the implementation of the project’s Environmental

Management Plans and the projects’ Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E).

This ESMP report for the Road rehabilitation project will be used by the SEEFOR in Delta

State in seeking to implement the proposed SEEFOR project. It is mandatory for the

government of Nigeria to take into cognizance relevant state-owned laws, where the project

will be executed to comply with all national and international environmental requirements

in order to meet legal obligations and to ensure a sustainable project.

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK

The objective of the consulting services is to prepare an Environmental and Social

Management Plan (ESMP) for road rehabilitation intervention activities in Warri, Delta

State.

The specific tasks include the following:


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a) Describe the existing status of the roads and review of relevant documentation;

b) Identify the environmental and social issues/risks associated with the existing conditions;

c) Develop a plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with construction

and operation in the in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies;

d) Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant

adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels;

e) Develop a time-bound plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with

the road management in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies;

f) Identify monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the

impacts assessed and the mitigation measures described above (in a-e);

g) Provide a specific description of institutional arrangements: the agencies responsible for

carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision,

enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting, and staff

training) and the contractual arrangements for assuring the performance of each

implementing agency;

h) Define technical assistance programs that could strengthen environmental management

capability in the agencies responsible for implementation;

i) Provide an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the

project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and

j) Provide the expected capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of funds for

implementing the ESMP and inform accordingly the design consultants so that these costs

are duly taken into consideration in the designs.


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CHAPTER TWO

INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES TRIGGERED BY SEEFOR PROJECTS

The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its

support to sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and

mitigate undue harms to people and their respective environment in the developmental

processes. These policies provide guidelines for the Bank and borrower staffs in the

identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects.

The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programs supported by the Bank

has substantially increased as a result of the attention given to these policies. Safeguard

policies have also provided a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project

design, and have been an important instrument for building ownership among local

populations.

The environmental and social safeguard policies of the World Bank triggered by SEEFOR

and the proposed intervention are as follows:

2.1.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) OP 4.01

The State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR) is a category B project

which indicates minor and non-cumulative potential impacts on the environment and social

lives of the people in the participating states. As such the project impacts can easily be

managed to acceptable level.

Consequent upon its scale, the types of problems it addresses, the possibilities of significant

adverse impacts if the interventions it supports are not correctly designed and implemented,

and the challenges presented by the need to strengthen institutional capacities at Federal,

State and Local levels, where the functions of environmental enforcement and SEEFOR

implementation are closely linked, the project has triggered this instrument. In essence, an

Environmental Assessment is conducted to ensure that Bank-financed projects are

environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through

appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. Any World Bank

project that is likely to have potential adverse environmental risks and impacts in its area of


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influence requires an EA indicating the potential risks, mitigation measures and

environmental management framework or plan.

2.1.2 Natural Habitats (OP 4.04)

This Policy is triggered by the SEEFOR in the sense that the project has the potential to

cause significant conversion (loss) or degradation of natural habitats, whether directly

(through construction) or indirectly (through human activities induced by the project). For

projects with potential adverse impacts on the natural habitat, the Bank takes into

consideration the borrower's ability to implement the appropriate conservation and

mitigation measures. If there are potential institutional capacity problems, the project then

must include components that develop the capacity of national and local institutions for

effective environmental planning and management. If the environmental assessment

indicates that the project and sub-project would significantly convert or degrade natural

habitats, the proposed project will not be eligible for financing.

2.1.3 Pest Management (OP 4.09)

The SEEFOR intervention projects as noted above will inevitably lead to loss of natural

habitats and forests. These two activities will at the long run culminate in the prevalence of

pests, hence the use of pesticides, which triggers the pest management policy of the World

Bank. The Bank’s position is that rural development and health sector projects have to

avoid using harmful pesticides. A preferred solution is to use an Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) technique which encourages their use in the whole of the sectors

concerned.

Thus, if pesticides have to be used in crop protection or in the fight against vector-borne

disease, the Bank-funded project will include a Pest Management Plan (PMP), prepared by

the borrower, either as a stand-alone document or as part of an Environmental Assessment.

2.1.4 Forest (OP 4.36)

The SEEFOR projects also triggered the forest operational policy of the World Bank. This

is more so as the policy applied to the following types of Bank financed investment

projects:

a. Projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests;

b. Projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or

interaction with forests;


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c. Projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of

natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned.

This operational policy is designed to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental

contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourage

economic development. The policy recognizes the role forests play in poverty alleviation,

economic development, and in providing local as well as global environmental services.

2.1.5 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12)

. The goal of this policy is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least

restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement. The key objectives of the

World Bank’s policy on involuntary land acquisition are to avoid or minimize involuntary

resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs; assist displaced

persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and

production level, or at least in restoring them; encourage community participation in

planning and implementing resettlement; and provide assistance to affected people

regardless of the legality of land tenure.

The policy covers not only physical relocation, but any loss of land or other assets resulting

in relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets; loss of income sources or

means of livelihood whether or not the affected people must move to another location. In

triggering this policy, a Resettlement Action Plan or an abbreviated plan would be prepared

when less than 200 people are affected by the project. In situations, where all the precise

impacts cannot be assessed during project preparation, provision is made for preparing a

Resettlement Policy Framework. However, this policy is not triggered by Warri road

rehabilitation

2.1.6 Forest (OP 4.36)

The SEEFOR projects also triggered the forest operational policy of the World Bank. This

is more so as the policy applied to the following types of Bank financed investment

projects:

a. Projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests;

b. Projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or

interaction with forests;


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c. Projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of

natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned.

Since some of the sites have direct link to forest resources, the SEEFOR project ultimately

triggered the Forest (OP 4.36) policy. This is particularly true of the Road rehabilitation

intervention site.

This operational policy is designed to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental

contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourage

economic development. The policy recognizes the role forests play in poverty alleviation,

economic development, and in providing local as well as global environmental services.

2.1.7 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines

The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 of 1992 requires that development

projects be screened for their potential impact. Based on the screening, a full, partial, or no

Environmental impact assessment may be required. Guidelines issued in 1995 direct the

screening process.

According to the guidelines,

Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and

Environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an environmentally

sensitive area--in which case a full EIA is required.

Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the

environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an

Environmental Impact Statement.

With regard to environmental assessment, the Bank has equally categorized projects based

on the type of EA required, namely:

Category A - projects are those whose impacts are sensitive, diverse, unprecedented, felt

beyond the immediate project environment and are potentially irreversible over the long

term. Such projects require full EA.

Category B - projects involve site specific and immediate project environment

interactions, do not significantly affect human populations, do not significantly alter natural

systems and resources, do not consume much natural resources (e.g., ground water) and


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have adverse impacts that are not sensitive, diverse, unprecedented and are mostly

reversible. Category B projects will require partial EA, and environmental and social action

plans.

Category C - Projects are mostly benign and are likely to have minimal or no adverse

environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category

C project, although some may require environmental and social action plans.

Category FI- A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of

Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse

environmental impacts.

This World Bank categorization ( A, B, & C) corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA

requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the

level of impacts associated with a given project.

However, in the event of divergence between the two, the World Bank safeguard policy

shall take precedence over Nigeria EA laws, guidelines and or standards. In the same vein,

the Federal laws overrule the Delta State policy in case of any conflict.

2.2 FEDERAL POLICY, LEGAL, REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE

FRAMEWORKS

A number of national and local environmental guidelines are applicable to the operation of

the SEEFOR. A summary of these are provided below:

2.2.1 The Federal Ministry of Environment

The Act establishing the Ministry places on it the responsibility of ensuring that all development

and industry activity, operations and emissions are carried out within the limits prescribed in the

National Guidelines and Standards. The Ministry is also responsible for ensuring compliance

with relevant regulations for environmental pollution management in Nigeria. To fulfill this

mandate a number of regulations/instruments are available (See section on National Legal

Instruments on Environment). However, the main instrument for ensuring that environmental

and social issues are mainstreamed into developmental projects is the Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) Act No. 86 of 1992. With this Act, the FMEnv prohibits public and private

sectors from embarking on major developmental projects or activities without due consideration,

at the early stages, for environmental and social impacts. The Act makes an EIA mandatory for

any developmental project, and prescribes the procedures for conducting and reporting EIA

studies.


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As part of the effective utilization of the EIA tool, the Ministry has produced Sectoral

guidelines detailing the necessary requirements of the EIA process from each Sector. One

of these Sectoral Guidelines that apply to the proposed intervention project is the Sectoral

Guidelines on Infrastructure Development. The relevant National Legal Instruments on

Environment will be explained as follows:

2.2.2 The National Policy on the Environment (NPE) of 1989

The National Policy on Environment 1989 (revised 1999) provides for “a viable national

mechanism for cooperation, coordination and regular consultation, as well as harmonious

management of the policy formulation and implementation process which requires the

establishment of effective institutions and linkages within and among the various tiers of

government that is, federal, state and local government”. The objective of the policy is to

achieve sustainable development in Nigeria pertaining to:

Securing a quality environment adequate for good health and wellbeing;

Conserving the environment and natural resources for the benefit of present and future

generations;

Raising public awareness and promoting understanding of the essential linkages between

the environmental resources and developments and encouraging individual and community

participations in environmental improvement efforts;

Maintaining and enhancing the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the

functioning of the biosphere to preserve biological diversity; and

Co-operating with other countries, international organizations and agencies to achieve

optimal use and effective prevention or abatement of trans-boundary environmental

degradation.

2.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv)

This Act provides guidelines for activities of developmental projects for which EIA is

mandatory in Nigeria. It also stipulates the minimum content of an EIA as well as a

schedule of projects, which require mandatory EIAs.

2.2.4 The National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in

Nigeria

This was launched on March 12th 1991 and represents the basic instrument for monitoring

and controlling industrial and urban pollution.


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2.2.5 The National Effluents Limitations Regulation

This instrument makes it mandatory for industrial facilities to install anti-pollution

equipment, make provision for further effluent treatment, prescribe maximum limit of

effluent parameters allowed for discharge, and spell out penalties for contravention. It also

provides that all industries in Nigeria will operate on the basis of Best Available

Technology (BAT).

2.2.6 The NEP (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste)

Regulations

Restrictions are imposed on the release of toxic substances and requirement of Stipulated

Monitoring of pollution to ensure that permissible limits are not exceeded; Unusual and

accidental discharges; Contingency plans; Generator's liabilities; Strategies of waste

reduction and safety for workers.

2.2.7 The Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Regulations

These regulate the collection, treatment, and disposal of solid and hazardous waste for

municipal and industrial sources and give the comprehensive list of chemicals and

chemical waste by toxicity categories.

2.2.8 National Guidelines on Environmental Management Systems (1999)

The guidelines establish the requirements for an Environmental Management System

(EMS) in all organizations / facilities in Nigeria. They also state that this EMS will be

audited annually or as deemed necessary.

2.2.9 National Guidelines for Environmental Audit

These are designed to serve as references for compliance with the Environmental Audit

requirements of the FMEnv. The guideline states that it is mandatory for a company to

carry out an audit every 3 years or at the discretion of the Hon. Minister of the FMEnv.

2.2.10 National Policy on Flood and Erosion Control 2006 (FMEnv)

This policy addresses the need to combat erosion in the country by utilizing the procedures

outlined in the National Action Plan for Flood and Erosion Control and Technical

Guidelines, developed by the WIC Environmental Committee, which was set up to plan an

operational platform for these issues. This particular policy has a direct bearing on the

SEEFOR project activities.


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2.2.11 National Air Quality Standard Decree No. 59 of 1991

The FMEH is the regulatory agency charged with enforcing ambient air quality standards

in Nigeria. The World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards were adopted in

1991 as the national standards by the FMEH. These standards define the levels of air

pollutants that will not be exceeded in order to protect public health.

2.2.12: The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act

2007 (NESREA Act)

After the repealing of the Federal Environmental Protection Act of 1988, the NESREA Act,

2007 became the major statutory regulation or instrument guiding environmental matters in

Nigeria. It specially makes provision for solid waste management and its administration

and prescribes sanctions for offences or acts, which run contrary to proper and adequate

waste disposal procedures and practices.

2.3 Other Relevant Acts and Legislations at Federal Level

2.3.1 Land Use Act of 1978

The land-use Act of 1978 states that, “It is in the public interest that the rights of all

Nigerians to use and enjoy land in Nigeria and the Natural fruits thereof in sufficient

quality to enable them to provide for the sustenance of themselves and their families will be

assured, protected and preserved’. This implies that acts that could result in the pollution of

the land, air, and waters of Nigeria negate this decree, and is therefore unacceptable.

Furthermore, the Land Use Act of 1978 (modified in 1990) remains the primary legal

means to acquire land in the country. The Act vests all land comprised in the territory of

each state in the federation in the governor of the State and requires that such land shall be

held in trust and administered for the use and common benefit of all Nigerians in

accordance with the provisions of this Act.

According to the Act, administration of land area is divided into urban land, which will be

directly under the control and management of the Governor of each State; and non-urban

land, which will be under the control and management of the Local Government. State

Governors are given the right to grant statutory rights of occupancy to any person or any

purpose; and the Local Government will have the right to grant customary rights of

occupancy to any person or organization for agricultural, residential and other purposes.


14

2.3.2 Forestry Act

This Act of 1958 provides for the preservation of forests and the setting up of forest

reserves. It is an offence, punishable with up to 6 months imprisonment, to cut down trees

over 2ft in girth or to set fire to the forest except under special circumstances. Nigeria is at

present a wood deficit nation. In order to ameliorate the situation, the policy on forest

resources management and sustainable use is aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in all

aspects of forest production through the use of sound forest management techniques as well

as the mobilization of human and material resources. The overall objectives of forest policy

are to prevent further deforestation and to recreate forest cover, either for productive or for

protective purposes, on already deforested fragile land.

Specifically, the National Agricultural Policy of 1988 in which the Forestry Policy is

subsumed, provides for:

Consolidation and expansion of the forest estate in Nigeria and its management for

sustained yield;

Regeneration of the forests at rates higher than exploitation;

Conservation and protection of the environment viz: forest, soil, water, flora, fauna and the

protection of the forest resources from fires, cattle grazers and illegal encroachment;

Development of Forestry industry through the harvesting and utilisation of timber, its

derivatives and the reduction of wastes; and

Wildlife conservation, management and development through the creation and effective

management of national parks, game reserves, tourist and recreational facilities, etc.

2.3.3 Criminal Code

The Nigerian Criminal Code makes it an offence punishable with up to 6 month

imprisonment for any person who:

Violates the atmosphere in any place so as to make it noxious to the health of persons in

general dwelling or carry on business in the neighbourhood, or passing along a public way:

or

Does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be likely to spread

the infection of any disease dangerous to life, whether human or animal?


15

2.3.4 Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA)

Nigeria Inland Water Authority (NIWA) Act 13 of 1997 established NIWA whose

functions are among others are to:

Provide regulations for inland navigation;

Ensure the development of infrastructural facilities for a national inland waterways network

connecting the creeks and the rivers with the economic centres using the river-ports as

nodal points for inter model exchange;

Ensure the development of indigenous technical and managerial skill to meet the

challenges of modern inland waterways transportation; and

Carry out environmental impact assessment of navigation and other dredging activities

within the inland water and its right-of-ways.

2.4 State Legislations

In consonance with Part III of the FMENV Act and the need to protect public health and

safety, and to restore and enhance environmental quality, and sustain economic vitality

through effective and efficient implementation of environmental programmes, the three

States Government have set up State Ministries of Environment and/or Environmental

Protection Agency that takes charge of Environment affairs in the States.

The Ministries and/or EPA are charged with the responsibility of providing decent, orderly

and reasonable conducive environment for habitable society, as contained in the

assignments of Ministerial responsibilities.

Inter alia, the Ministries are empowered to give direction to all issues concerning the

environment, monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid

wastes generated by various facilities in the states. Some of the functions of the State

Ministries of Environment include:

(i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMENV to achieve a healthy or better

management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment

(ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance

of environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry

(iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards,

(iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and


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(v) The implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for all development

projects in the State.

Largely, the federal legislation serves as the benchmark in the execution of standards in the

states. Some laws in the States include:

Delta State Law No. 7 of 2007 (Ecology Law, 2006).

Delta State Waste Management Board Law No 4, 2004

Delta State Environmental Protection Agency (DELSEPA), Edict No. 5 of 1997

The administrative arrangements to handle environmental problems in Delta State are

championed by the following parastatals:

2.4.1 Delta State Ministry of Environment

The Ministry of Environment created April, 2001 is assigned the following responsibilities:

1. Environmental Policies:

2. Environmental protection and control ;

3. Environmental Technology including initiation of policy in relation to environmental

research and technology

4. Planning designing and construction of ecological and environmental facilities;

5. Environmental Sanitation and Urban Waste Disposal and Management

6. Provision of Sanitary means of human disposal;

7. Liaising with oil companies on pollution and Environmental Matters: Forestry, Soil and

water conservation, Wild life Preservation, Botanical Gardens, etc.

Parastatals in the Delta State Ministry of Environment

a. Delta State Environmental Protection Agency (DELSEPA)

The Agency performs the following functions

1. Prepare and update a State Environmental Action Plan to improve the quality of the

environment.

2. Cooperate with the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and other relevant National

Directorates/Agencies in the promotion of Environmental education in the citizenry.

3. Monitor the implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the

Environmental Audit Report (EAR) guidelines and procedures on all development policies

and projects within the State.


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4. Clarify and reinforce the role of Local and State Administration in the Management of

wastes and other forms of pollution.

5. Mobilize the inhabitants of all areas in the State for the effective observation of

environmental rules and guidelines for the promotion of healthy and safe environment.

Management

The Agency has the following Departments for effective and efficient performance of its

functions:

i. Finance and Administration;

ii. Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation;

iii. Natural Resources Management;

iv. Waste/pollution Management and;

v. Legal Services.

b. Delta State Waste Management Board

The Board performs the following functions:

i. Clear refuse from designated refuse dumps and bins along the streets and corners of the

villages, towns and cities in the state;

ii. Manage the disposal and recycling of refuse and other waste materials in a manner that will

cause little or no harm to the environment and people living in the state.

iii. Acquire and maintain refuse dumpsites and recycling facilities in all Local Government

Areas of the state;

iv. Procure and maintain all vehicles and equipment necessary for proper management of

refuse and waste materials in the state;

v. Control, recycle and manage effluent discharge industrial and domestic waste from

households and companies operating within the state;

vi. License, register and regulate the operations of all waste management companies in the

state;

vii. Formulate and foster private sector participation schemes in waste management in

partnership with registered waste management companies;

viii. Educate the public on the importance and different methods of waste management for the

purpose of maintaining a clean and sustainable environment and improving public sanitary

habits and health standards;


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ix. Monitor and enforce complaints with waste management standards and practices prescribed

under this law;

x. Monitor and evaluate from time to time as the Board may determine the possible effects of

the dumpsites waste on the environment and cast effective restoration;

xi. Develop the skills and knowledge of its employees and provide facilities for training,

education and research;

xii. Undertake research in waste management methodology and technology;

xii. Establish waste treatment and recycling facilities in the states;

xiii. Advise Government in the formulation of waste management policies and in the

preparation review of action plans on waste management; and

xiv. Perform such other functions as may be prescribed by a law of the House of Assembly.

Administrative structure and control

The following departments exist in the Board:

(a) Department of Finance and Supplies;

(b) Department of Operations;

(c) Department of Administration and Human Resources;

(d) Department of Legal Services and Compliance.

2.4.2 Ministry of Lands, Urban and Regional Planning

The Ministry performs the responsibilities for the following:

Land policies;

Advice on Land Tenure;

Management of Land and Government properties;

Administration of Land Use Decree;

Town Planning;

Urban Development;

City and Town Rejuvenation.

Parastatals

Urban Planning Board;

Land Use and Allocation Committee.

Office of the Surveyor-General with responsibility for:

Boundary Surveys;


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Mapping and Geo- Informatics;

Cadastral and Special Surveys

2.4.3 Ministry of Works

This Ministry has the responsibilities for:

Public Works including the construction and maintenance of State Government Urban and

Rural Roads, Bridges and Drainages;

Explosives;

Sewage and Waste Water Control.

2.4.4 Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources

The Ministry of Agriculture has the major responsibilities in the followings:

Agricultural Services;

Produce Inspection;

Livestock;

Veterinary Services;

Fisheries;

Special Agricultural Projects.

Parastatals

Agricultural Development Programme;

Delta Agricultural Procurement Agency;

Tree Crop Unit;

Tractor Hiring Unit;

Communal Farms

2.4.5 Ministry of Water Resources Development

This Ministry was created in 2001with the following functions:

Responsibilities:

i. Urban and Rural Water Supply;

ii. Dam Development

iii. Control of water bodies of both surface and underground

iv. Hydrological and hydro geological research

v. Supervision of:

- Urban Water Board; and


20

- Rural Water Supply Agency.

The Ministry is made up of Seven Departments:

(i) Administration

(ii) Planning, Research & Statistics

(iii) Finance and Accounts

(iv) Technical Services

(v) Hydrology & Hydrogeology

(vi) Rural Water Supply

(vii) Urban Water Supply

Parastatals:

Urban Water Board.

Rural Water Supply Agency/Board

2.4.6 Ministry of Women Affairs, Community and Social Development

The Ministry was established in 1998 to serve as a veritable catalyst for the actualization of

programmes and services. Its functions and activities permeate all spheres of human

interests and cater to the needs of diverse group of individuals across the state, ranging

from the aged, youths, women, physically challenged destitute and children

Carries out a number of activities which include

Commercial Snacks Productions

Grants to Widows living with HIV/AIDS

Residential Life Skill Acquisition Programme- The team visited the centre where about 21

young women are undergoing rehabilitation. It was interesting to know that the young

women are being taught a number of skills ranging from snailry, fishery, catering, tailoring,

hairdressing, etc.

Organizations of workshops on Women and Climate change

2.4.7 Delta State Directorate of Youth Development

This is charged with the responsibilities for:

• Youth Registration and Development;

• Development of Youth Skill Acquisition Centers and Poverty Eradication Programme;

• Youth Clubs;

Children and Youth Day Celebration


21

Thus, for this ESMF, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational

procedures were harmonised as much as possible. Hence, it is made responsive to the

objectives of good practice. It is especially made responsive with regard to the following:

Early consideration of environmental and social issues (starting at the screening stage);

Identification and early consultation with stakeholders;

Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and

Incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.

2.5 SEEFROR - Adequacy of Legal Instruments for Environmental & Social Issues

As noted earlier, generally with regard to environmental and social management issues,

legislations is in a continual process of development in Nigeria. However, this is not to say

that there is dearth of legislation and guidelines to manage the activities of SEEFOR in

order to ensure that no harm is inflicted on people and the environment. Amongst the

existing pieces of legislation highlighted above, there are a number of local, national and

international environmental guidelines applicable to the sub-projects under the proposed

projects of SEEFOR.

In other words, the States have a good governance framework and laws to back up and

manage the environmental and social safeguard issues that shall be triggered.

The Ministries’ officials are familiar with the Environmental Assessment (EA) legislation,

procedures and framework applicable based on the Federal EIA Act 86 of 1992.

In addition, although there are no State laws, the Land Use Act guides the processes of land

acquisition and compensation in the various States which include:-

Identification of Lands or Sites for various developments.

The Publication/Service of Acquisition Notices –

Enumeration/Inspections, assessment of compensation and the payment of same.

Documentation of Acquisitions and Gazetting

This ESMP is prepared in accordance with existing Federal, State and local laws of Nigeria

as well as the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

safeguards instruments prepared for SEEFOR at the beginning of the project. Several laws

policies, safeguards instruments and international conventions at various levels have been


22

reviewed. However, in the case of conflict between the World Bank policies and any of the

Federal, state and local environmental laws, the World Bank policies take precedence.

However, the road rehabilitation project in Warri, Delta State triggered only few of these policies

as shown in table 2.1


23

Table 2.1: World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered by Warri Road Rehabilitation Project

World Bank Safeguard Policies

Safeguards Policies

Triggered by SEEFOR

Project

Safeguards Policies Triggered by Eku Road Rehabilitation

Lot 1 Lot 2 Lot 3 Lot 4

Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01)

[x] [X] [X] [X] [X]

Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [x] [X] [X] [X] [X]

Pest Management (OP 4.09) [x] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Cultural Property (OPN 11.03, being revised as OP 4.11)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

[x] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20, being revised as OP 4.10)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [x] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP 7.50)

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

http://wbln0011.worldbank.org/Institutional/Manuals/OpManual.nsf/OPolw/665DA6CA847982168525672C007D07A3?OpenDocument






24

CHAPTER THREE

GENERAL METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents a description of the Environmental and Social Management Plan

(ESMP) process adopted for the road rehabilitation intervention Project in Warri

metropolis, Delta State.

3.2 ESMP REQUIREMENTS

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is internationally accepted as the effective

way of achieving integration of environmental and social consideration into project

implementation.. In addition, the ESMP is expected to meet the requirements of regulators,

project financing institutions, civil society and project affected communities, i.e. the stakeholders.

There are two essential steps required and designed for this ESMP study, viz. screening and

scoping

3.2.1 Screening

Screening is the first step in the ESMP process. It confirms the need (or otherwise) for an

ESMP by appraising the type of project and its associated activities throughout the

project’s lifecycle in the context of its biophysical, socio-economic, policy and regulatory

environments. Given the location, scale and planned activities, it has been concluded that

the project will be subjected to an ESMP under the Category “A”, and the ESMP will take

account of applicable national and international legislation, which is addressed in the

chapter for the institutional framework.

3.2.2 Scoping

Scoping is a high level assessment of anticipated “interactions” between project activities

and environment ‘receptors’.

Its purpose is to focus the ESMP on key issues and eliminate certain activities from the full

impact assessment process based on their limited potential to result in discernable impacts.

To arrive at a conclusion, to “scope out” an activity/event, a combination of expert

scientific judgement based on prior experience of similar activities and events and, in some

instances, scoping level quantification/numerical analysis (e.g. emission and discharge

inventories and generic modelling) is used.

Based on the findings and results of these reviews, investigations and consultations, the

ESMP Team identified:


25

• Potential project – activities and environment; and

• Where the extent, depth and/or quality of environmental, socio-economic and/or technical

data is insufficient for the ESMP process, thus identifying additional work to complete the

ESMP.

3.3 ESMP PROCESS

Since the assessment was based on a proposed project aimed at road maintenance and

rehabilitation, the study focused on the construction and operational characteristics and the

potential impacts on the environment and socio-economic activities of the affected persons.

The key steps for the ESMP include:

Pre-study activities: This stage establishes the environmental, social and cultural

considerations in advance of detailed studies. This study also involves the collation of

relevant secondary data for the ESMP.

The ESMP study: This stage is concerned with field survey. It involves visit to the site so

as to gather environmental and socio-economic data on project affected communities and

their surroundings. Integral to this study is the development of measures to mitigate and

reduce or remove adverse impacts.

The post-study stage: This stage is concerned with the preparation of ESMP report. It

involves the analysis, presentation and interpretation of primary and secondary data

acquired, and the production of ESMP report.

3.4 BASELINE STUDY METHODOLOGY

For the impact assessment of the proposed project, a wide range of methodologies was

employed. This section aims to provide an overview of all methodologies utilised for each

of the environmental and socio-economic impacts assessment as well as providing criteria

from which the current quality and importance of features can be evaluated. A good

understanding of the baseline is important to understanding the nature and importance of

the project’s impacts.

3.5 EXISTING CONDITIONS

In order to identify potential impacts, an understanding of the existing conditions was

established regarding the project area and the proposed rehabilitation and related

construction activities. This was based on primary data acquisition (including questionnaire

administration) using employed experts and consultants. Based on empirical study, it was


26

revealed that the projects have different impact components – positive and negative.

However, the project would likely affect the following receptor groups:

Biological/Ecological; and Socio-Economic/Human.

3.6 MAPPING OF THE PROJECT AREA

Mapping of the study area was implemented using archival satellite images (Google Earth

Imagery, March, 2014) and in situ GPS data collection. Essentially, data used for capturing

spatial details of the project area were based on location of the project area cum

identification of specific key socioeconomic features and infrastructures located in the area

that might be impacted. A high accuracy Garmin GPS was used to collect in-situ data,

particularly on the project area, with the consideration for key social and economic

facilities such as schools, buildings, roads, churches, mosques (if any), and other

socioeconomic facilities and germane infrastructures.

ArcGIS 10.1 was used as the mapping software as well as for image preparation and

processing. The images used were extracted from spatially-enabled Google Earth Pro

which is a high spatial resolution image archive. The final maps are image maps detailing

the building and environmental details of the project area.

3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY

The socioeconomic assessment gives an insight into the social, cultural, and economic

conditions of stakeholders including individuals, groups, communities and organizations

through the administration of structured questionnaires for individuals and households and

Focus Group Discussion (FGD) adopted at the overall community level. A blend of

investigative methods which includes the following was used to acquire the socio-

economic data:

Review of existing data;

Reconnaissance survey to identify the focal community and the adjoining communities that

will be directly or indirectly affected and to alert the communities’ leaders and residents on

proposed project;

In-depth interviews with community leaders of the focal community (traditional leaders,

women leaders, religious leaders and youth leaders) as well as key investors in properties

and assets.


27

Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with stakeholders and project affected peoples (PAPs) in

the focal community;

Field observations by the consultants and interviewers using strategic instruments and

devices to record and note observation and detections;

Structured questionnaire to collect baseline information and to gather the perception of the

PAPs on the proposed project. Simple random sampling technique was used for the

administration of the questionnaire and enumeration of the combination of the fundamental

socio-economic characteristics.

Population estimation was based on the combinations of questionnaire survey and

projection figures by the National Population Commission (NPC). In all, a total number of

200 questionnaires were administered and were all responded to.

3.7.1 Data Collection and sampling methodology

The socioeconomic data collected for the study was based on integration of series of data

collection approaches that were synchronised within a universal sampling frame. Data

collection was based on focus group discussion (Fig 3.2), pairwise questionnaire and

individual questionnaire administration; and interviews. In specific terms, IDI (in-depth

Interview) was employed to gather specific information from selected individuals who are

mainly property owners in the project area. In general, data collection was based on the

following criteria:

Adequate representation of the relevant social groups in the study location for general

group discussion (FGD);

Inclusion of groups and individuals with different demographic and population

characteristics, as well as socio-economic status;

Participation of those with access to relevant information;

Evidence of different types of livelihood activities;

Inclusion of males and females where possible; and

Inclusion of activities that connect land and the road.

Survey methodology designed is displayed in Table 3.1. It depicts the classified categories

of the stakeholders sampled and the proportionality of the questionnaire administered with

FGD, IDI and Town hall meeting held at the house of the eldest man in the community.


28

Table 3.1: Details of the Sampling Methodology and the Questionnaires Administered

Categories of Stakeholders

Sampled

Questionnaire

Administered

Questionnaire

Returned

IDI

Direct Project Affected Persons

(PAPs)

50 50 3

Key Stakeholders 20 20 3

Other members of the community 130 130 3

Total 200 200 9

Fig. 3.2: IDI with Youths Leader in the Project site Fig.3.3: IDI with a woman leader in the project

site

Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed in order to understand

the anticipated impacts of the intervention. The qualitative data collection involves the use

of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview with key informants in the

proposed project site. The FGD was used as a tool to obtain information from fundamental

stakeholders, farmers, and property owners particularly landlords and other key groups

such as youths and women. Questionnaires were administrated based on quantitative

analytic terms to obtain credible information concerning roads and the impact the

rehabilitation project would have on the environment and the social life of the residents

before, during and after the rehabilitation projects have been concluded.

3.8 IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT

An impact is defined as “Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial,

wholly or partially resulting from an organisation’s environmental aspects (activities,

products or services)” (EMS, ISO14001:2004). Where project activity and environmental

receptor interactions occur, an impact is defined. The ESMP assesses impacts according to


29

their “significance” determined by considering project activity “event magnitude” and

“receptor sensitivity”. Determining event magnitude requires the identification and

quantification (as much as practical) of the sources of potential environmental and social

effects from routine and non-routine project activities. Determining receptor sensitivity

requires an understanding of the biophysical environment.

3.8.2 Method for Determining Event Magnitude

Extent / Scale: Events range from those which affect an area of up to 500m from the

source; to those that affect an area greater than 500m and up to 1km from the source; and to

those that affect an area of greater than 1km from the source.

Frequency: Events range from those which occur once; to those that occur up to 50 times;

and to those that occur more than 50 times or continuously.

Duration: Events range from those which occur for less than 24 hours; to those that occur

for more than 24 hours and up to one week; and to those that occur for periods longer than

one week.

Intensity: Concentration of an emission or discharge with respect to standards of

acceptability that include applicable legislation and international guidance, its toxicity or

potential for bioaccumulation, and its likely persistence in the environment. This ranges

from an event of low intensity event, to that of moderate intensity through that of a high

intensity event.

3.8.3 Method for Determining Receptor Sensitivity

(i) Biological/Ecological Receptors

• Resilience (to the identified stressor): This ranges from species or community unaffected or

marginally affected, to probability of species undergoing moderate but sustainable change

which stabilises under constant presence of impact source, with ecological functionality

maintained; and to probability for substantial loss of ecological functionality (e.g. loss of

species in key groups, substantially lower abundance and diversity).

• Presence: Routine, regular or reliably predictable presence of any species which is, in

reverse order, a unique, threatened or protected species, to regionally rare or largely

confined to project area or sensitive to disturbances; and to a species which is none of the

above and is therefore assessed at the community level only.

(ii) Human Receptor


30

Presence: This ranges from people being uncommon in the study area of anticipated

impact; to people who are sometimes present (e.g. commercial property); to people

permanently present (e.g. residential property) in the area of anticipated impact.

Resilience (to the identified stressor): This ranges from people being least vulnerable to

change or disturbance (i.e. ambient conditions (air quality, noise)) are well below

applicable legislation and international guidance); to quite vulnerable to change or

disturbance (i.e. ambient conditions (air quality, noise) are below adopted standards)); and

to the most vulnerable groups (i.e. ambient conditions (air quality, noise) are at or above

adopted standards)).

Impact significance, as a function of event magnitude and receptor sensitivity, was

subsequently ranked as “Negligible”, “Minor”, “Moderate” or “Major”. Any impact

classified as “major” is considered to be significant and where the impact is negative,

requires additional mitigation. Impacts of negligible, minor or moderate significance are

considered as being mitigated as far as practicable and necessary, and therefore, do not

warrants further mitigation.

3.9

3.10 MITIGATION AND MONITORING

A wide range of different measures to mitigate impacts have been identified in the ESMP

Report. These have been brought together in an impact summary table. In addition an

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Project describes how the

mitigation will actually be delivered and reported. The ESMP will be in line with national

and international performance requirements.


31

CHAPTER FOUR

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL

BASELINE CONDITIONS

4.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter outlines the environmental conditions under which the proposed project will

be implemented. It entails the description of the prevailing environmental variables such as

the characteristics of the physical environment. The approach adopted focuses on those

elements of the environment that may be impacted or have a direct impact on the proposed

project. Moreover, relevant data on physical and biological characteristics of the project

were sourced and used to define the environmental setting of the area.

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT SITE

The project assignment covers the proposed project activities financed by the World Bank

(WB) and EU assisted SEEFOR project at Warri metropolis, extending to Local

government Areas of Warri South, Uvwie and Udu. The Project site is situated in three

Local Government Areas of Delta State viz; Warri South, Uvwie and Udu Local

Government Areas (Fig 4.1). The area is an urban sprawl referred to as Warri metropolis in

South South geopolitical zone of Nigeria and sits on the bank of River Warri, which joins

River Forcados and River Escravos through Jone Creek in the Niger Delta Region (Fig

4.2). The area expansion of Warri metropolis in the past two decades has been remarkable,

with the city growing to cover the surrounding local government areas like Uvwie and Udu

and in essence towns like Effurun, Ekpan, Enerhen, Edjeba, Ogunu, Jakpa, Ovwian-Aladja,

and Udu (Fig 4.3). Specifically, Warri metropolis is regarded as one of the rapidly growing

cities in Nigeria, with a population rising rapidly from 19,526 in 1933, 55,256 in 1963,

280,000 in 1980, 500,000 in 1991 to 536,023 in 2006.


32

Fig.4.1: Map of Delta State showing the Project LGAs

The city's history dates back to the 15th century, when it was first visited by Portuguese

missionaries. With that contact, it served as the base for Portuguese and Dutch slave

traders. The abolition of slave trade in the mid-19th century, however, led to the decline of

the city, which came under British protection in 1884. It started regaining prominence

during the late 19th century, when it became a centre for the palm oil trade and other major

items such as rubber, palm products, cocoa, groundnuts, hides and skins etc. Its

establishment as a provincial headquarters by the British in the early 20th century, the

discovery of natural gas and petroleum in the area, the establishment of Petroleum Training

Institute in 1972, Nigeria’s second petroleum refinery in 1978, and an integrated steel plant

in 1981 have all significantly transformed the hitherto rural Warri to a modern metropolitan

area. The major ethnic groups in the area are the Urhobos, Itsekiris, Ijaws, Isokos and

Ibuzos (igbo-speaking ethnic group in Delta State). The metropolis is well traversed by

different roads of varying grades.


33

Fig. 4.2: Map of Warri Metropolis

Fig. 4.3: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing the boundaries of the three affected LGAs


34

4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTED ROAD NETWORKS

The project site, as indicated earlier, is located in Delta State and traverses three different

local government areas (Warri South, Uvwie and Udu). In particular, the project is made up

of some selected roads which crisscross the three local governments of Warri South, Uvwie

and Udu. The selected roads which are in dire need of rehabilitation and maintenance/spot

improvements have been grouped into twelve (12) lots and include:

LOT 1: Refinery road

o Effurun/Sapele Road to

Golden kite Hotel Junction

o Ovie of Uvwie Lane

LOT 2: Refinery road

o From Golden kite Hotel

Junction to NPA Express

including Bridge and Fly

over

o Ovie Palace Road

LOT 3: Okere road, Machiver road,

Odion road, Cementary road and

Stadium road

o From Okere roundabout to

Ibo market

o From Odion roundabout to

Cemetery road

o From Garage to market

road

o From Cemetery to

Machiver

LOT 4: Jakpa road

o From junction to Ekpan

roundabout (Section 1)

LOT 5: Jakpa road

o From junction to Ekpan

roundabout (Section 2)

LOT 6: Airport road

o From Effurun/ Sapele

roundabout to Waterboard

junction

LOT 7: Airport road

o From Waterboard junction

to Angle park

LOT 8: Airport road

o Angle park to Ogunu bridge

to Ibo market

LOT 9: Off Airport road

o Olomu road (phase 1)

LOT 10: Airport road

o From Airport road to Okere

roundabout through

Okumagba avenue

LOT 11: Off Airport road

o Olomu road (phase 2)

LOT 12: Udu town

o Church road network


35

All the selected roads are in varying degrees of disrepair and predominantly in need of

maintenance and with some requiring rehabilitation. Specifically, for most of them,

roadside cleaning and vegetation control are proposed (LOTs 1-8), while for others

drainage construction, desiltation, pothole-patching and earth road rehabilitation are

anticipated (LOTs 9, 10, 11 and 12). A brief description of the roads in each LOT is

presented below:

LOTs 1&2

The roads under these Lots include; the Refinery road from Effurun/Sapele Road to

Golden kite Hotel Junction; from Golden kite Hotel Junction to NPA Express

including Bridge and Fly over; Ovie of Uvie lane and the Ovie palace road (Fig 4.4).


36

Fig 4.4: Image Map of Warri metropolis showing NPA express and Refinery road

While the Refinery and NPA roads are dual carriage roads which cut across Warri and

Uvwie, the Ovie of Uvie lane and Ovie Palace roads are single lane roads which

traverse Uvwie.

Fig 4.5: NPA Expressway Fig.4.6: Ovie Palace road

Fig. 4.7 Refinery road Fig. 4.8: Refinery road

The roads are situated in the residential, commercial and industrial parts of Warri

metropolis. Specifically, while the Ovie of Uvie lane and the Palace roads are in

residential/commercial areas, the NPA and Refinery Expressways are situated in

Institutional/Industrial areas. The proposed interventions of SEEFOR on these roads

are in the area of roadside and kerb median sweeping, kerb painting, pothole patching

and drainage desiltation.

LOTS 3


37

The roads under this lot include: Okere road from Okere roundabout to Ibo market;

Machiver road from Odion roundabout to Cemetery road; Cemetery road from Garage

to market road; and Stadium road From Cemetery to Machiver (Fig.4.9)

Fig 4.9: Image Map showing Odion, Market and Cemetery Road

The roads are mainly dual carriage and situated within residential and commercial areas of Warri.

Fig. 4.10: Odion roundabout Fig. 4.11: Stadium Road

The proposed interventions by SEEFOR on these roads include: sweeping of

roadsides, painting of kerbs and vegetation control.

LOTs 4 & 5

The roads under these Lots are the two sections of Jakpa road. Jakpa road is a dual

carriage traversing a residential/commercial area in Uvwie Town.


38

Fig. 4.12: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Jakpa road The road starts from Jakpa

junction and ends at Ekpan roundabout.

Fig.4.13: A section of Jakpa road Fig. 4.14: A section of Jakpa road

SEEFOR intends to intervene on the road in the areas of sweeping of travelled road,

vegetation control on the kerbs and roadside and painting of kerbs.

LOT 6-11


39

The roads under these lots are on Airport road; from Effurun/ Sapele roundabout to Water-

board junction; from Water-board junction to Angle park; from Angle park to Ogunu bridge

to Ibo market; from Okere roundabout through Okumagba avenue and; on Olomu road,

which is off Airport road.

Fig.4.15: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Airport, Olomu road and Angle Park

These roads are a mixture of single lane and dual carriage ways located within residential,

institutional and commercial areas.


40

Fig.4.16: Olomu road Fig 4.17: Okere roundabout

SEEFOR’s intervention on these roads are diverse and would include; sweeping of travelled

road, vegetation control on the kerbs and roadside and painting of kerbs; construction of

concrete drains and rehabilitation of earth roads.

LOT 12

The road under this Lot is made up of Church road network which traverse the rural

settlement of Udu.


41

Fig.4.18: Image Map showing the Church road network in Otor udu community

The road is a single lane earth road and is situated within a residential / agrarian settlement.

The proposed intervention of SEEFOR on this road is in the area of road rehabilitation

Fig.4.19: A section of Church road, Udu Fig.4.20: A section of Church

road, Udu

A summary of the intervention of SEEFOR on the selected roads in the different Lots is

presented in the table 2.1 below:


42

Table 4.1: Description of SEEFOR intervention projects in Warri metropolis

LOT Road Location Nature Intervention

1 Refinery road,

NPA Express,

Ovie of Uvwie lane

and

Uvwie palace road

Uvwie/W

arri

Refinery & NPA express

(Dual carriage)

Ovie of Uvwie ans Uvwie

palace road (Single lane tarred

road)

Commercial/Institutional

Roadside and kerb

median sweeping,

kerb painting,

pothole patching and

drainage desiltation

2

3 Okere road

Machiver road

Cemetery road;

market road; and

Stadium road

Warri Dual carriage

Residential/commercial

sweeping of

roadsides, painting of

kerbs and vegetation

control.

4 Jakpa road Uvwie Dual carriage


sweeping of travelled

road, vegetation

control on the kerbs

and roadside and

painting of kerbs

5

6 Airport road;

from Effurun/ Sapele

roundabout to Water-

board junction;

Uvwie/W

arri

Dual carriage



road, vegetation


and roadside and

painting of kerbs

7 Airport road;

from Water-board

junction to Angle

park

Uvwie Dual carriage



road, vegetation


and roadside and

painting of kerbs

8 Airport road;

from Angle park to

Ogunu bridge to Ibo

market;

Uvwie/W

arri

Dual carriage



road, vegetation


and roadside and

painting of kerbs

9 Off Airport road;

Olomu road

Warri Single lane earth road

Residential

Construction of

concrete drains

10 Airport road;

from Okere

roundabout through

Okumagba avenue

Warri Dual carriage



road, vegetation


and roadside and

painting of kerbs

11 Off Airport road;

Olomu road

Warri Single lane earth road

Residential

Rehabilitation of earth

roads.

12 Church road network Udu Single Lane earth road

Residential

Rehabilitation of earth

roads.

4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

As indicated earlier, the selected roads which have been grouped into twelve (12) Lots

traverse the three (3) different LGAs of Delta State (Warri south, Uvwie and Udu).


43

The description of the physical environment will thus be carried out for the extensive

Warri metropolis.

4.3.1 Relief and Drainage

The terrain of the project area is flat with a slope of 1-2. The soils are derived from

coastal plains on sombreiro-Warri deposits. The ground is usually water logged

during the rainy season and has gullies and ditches.

The surface lithology is underlined by coastal alluvium mangrove and fresh water

swamp. It is of recent deposits and it predominantly comprises sandy with

intercalations of silt and clay soils. In addition, it is of the Holocene sediments with

mangrove and woody swamps. The sediments are typically sandy, silty and pebbly;

and are loose and poorly sorted. Both confine and partially confine aquifers with a

moderate yields are available at varying depths.

4.3.2 Climate and meteorology

4.3.2.1 Explicit climate and meteorology

The entire area is characterized by tropical equatorial climate with mean annual

temperature of 32.8°C and annual rainfall amount of 2673.8 mm. Rainfall period

ranges from January-December, with the minimum value of 8.2 mm in January and

over 536.6 mm in September. An analysis of existing historical records of climate

obtained from the Warri weather station (the nearest synoptic station) indicates that

the mean maximum temperature for the wet season (April – October) and the dry

season (November – March) are 29.3oC and 33.6

oC respectively;

The mean Relative Humidity (RH) for the wet season (September) at 0900 h and1500

h are 89.0% and 85.0% respectively while the values for the dry season (March) are

86.0% and 89.0% respectively.

4.3.2.2 Rainfall

Rain falls for about 9 months of the year in Warri metropolis. The season is

characterized into two seasons – the dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season (March-

November) is Deltadal, with the highest peak occuring during March – July and

separated from the lower peak by the August, minimal dry season. The little dry

window, has in recent time become less predictable. It may come early between late

July and early August or a little late between late August and early September.


44

Rainfall regime is the pattern of rainfall distribution over the seasons and is

determined by the two major air masses dominating the area: the moist tropical

maritime (TM), with its associated westerlies and the dry tropical continental air mass

(TC) with its associated easterlies. The movement of the ITCZ, a quasi-stationary

boundary that separates the TC from the TM, further modifies the process. The

latitudinal position of the town in the Niger Delta region of the West Africa sub-

region further explains why the TM blows over the area for a longer period, thus

explaining the lengthy rainy season.

On the average, rain falls in more than 9 (i.e. > 30%) of the days in every month of

April to October and with just less than 5 (i.e. > 16%) days between November and

February. Overall a total of about 2829.26 mm of rainfall is recorded annually. As

shown in Table 4.2, this gives an average of 235.772mm per month. The minimum

rainfall amount (32.55mm) is experienced in the month of January while the

maximum rainfall amount (479.88mm) is experienced in the month of July. Of the

total amount, about 2706.96mm (95.68%) is recorded during the rainy season (March

to November) while only 122.3mm (4.32%) is recorded in the “dry” season

(December to February).

As shown in figure 4.22, the long wet season is characterized by a short break in

August as the sun passes over the equator on its way from the Northern to the

Southern Hemisphere. The rainy season rainfall is mostly torrential and a mixture of

short and long durations with high intensity. The rainy season is characterized by

flooding and erosion due to the short duration high intensity rainfalls, long duration

rainfalls and high tides from the creeks and other water bodies. The road constructions

will take cognizant of the climatic situations and the resultant consequences of

flooding and erosion into consideration during design and construction such that the

proposed project will stand the test of time and meet the needs of the people.


45

Table 4.2: Climatic Characteristics of the Project Area

Months Temperature 0C Rainfall

(mm)

Humidity (%) Average

Wind Speed

Min Mean Max Mean 10:00Hrs 16:00Hrs Knots

January 22.56 27.81 33.06 32.55 89 60 2.4

February 23.66 28.41 33.15 43.77 87 59 5.6

March 24.22 28.74 33.25 130.67 82 66 4.1

April 25.88 29.54 33.19 225.78 89 65 5.6

May 25.07 28.87 32.67 268.67 92 69 3.3

June 24.67 28.33 31.98 375.88 91 78 2.8

July 23.67 27.28 30.89 479.88 96 72 4.6

August 22.98 26.38 29.78 310.66 94 76 5.2

September 22.67 27.22 31.76 480.76 95 75 3.8

October 22.87 27.83 32.78 325.78 92 74 2.6

November 22.98 28.04 33.09 108.88 96 70 2.8

December 21.89 27.50 33.11 45.98 92 60 3.7

Total 283.12 335.92 388.71 2829.26 1095 824

Mean 23.5933 27.9929 32.3925 235.772 91.25 68.6667

Min 21.89 26.38 29.78 32.55 82 59

Max 25.88 29.54 33.25 479.88 96 78

Fig 4.21: Rainfall Characteristics of the Project Area


46

4.3.2.2: Temperature

The temperature at the project site is relatively high and stable all through the year

despite the considerable variation over the rainy, dry and short “harmattan” and

“August break” periods. Similarly, the overall annual average daily temperature is

27.99 oC. On the average, while the minimum daily temperature is about 26.38

oC

while the maximum daily temperature is about 29.54oC. The harmattan period

coincides with the period when the north-east trade wind crosses the Sahara Desert

into the West African region between December and January. Fig. 4.22 shows the

temperature characteristics of the project area.

Fig 4.22: Characteristics of Daily Temperature within the Project Area

4.3.2.3 Relative Humidity (RH)

The region is characterized by a relatively high RH as a result of the prevailing TM

air mass blowing over the environment almost all through the year. Overall, an

average of 91.25% and 68.67% were recorded at 10:00hrs and 16:00hrs local time.

Further assessment shows that highest values were recorded during the early

mornings. The lowest value of 59% in the region was recorded in February. During

the dry season, values between 60% and 75% were common, owing to the influences

of the Dry Tropical Continental air mass that prevails over the region at this period

Fig 4.24 therefore shows the characteristics of relative humidity of the proposed

project area.


47

Fig 4.23: Characteristics of Relative Humidity within the Project Area

4.3.2.4 Sunshine Hours

The mean annual sunshine hour in the area was about 1,642 hours. The mean monthly

values vary between 45 and 172 hours in the month of July and January respectively.

Also, the generally low amount of sunshine hours in July is due to the greater amount

of cloudiness and rainfall characteristics of the area. Conversely, the higher January

figure is due to the prevalent clear skies when the ITCZ has once more started its

northward migration.

4.3.2.5 Wind Patterns

The wind pattern also follows the migratory ITCZ. Thus, it is mainly southwesterly

during the rainy season and northeasterly during the dry season. In general, the

southwesterly swell is prevalent. The wind speed varies between 2 and 6 knots for

most of the year with an average speed of about 5 knots. Incidences of severe storms

are now more frequent with some rare occasions being as high as 55 – 60 knots.

These are often associated with thunder and lightning, especially during rainy season.

4.3.3 Geology/Geomorphology/Hydrogeology

The area is located within the sedimentary lowland, which lies immediately north of

the coastal swamp region of the west Niger Delta in the continental margin of the

Gulf of Guinea in equatorial West Africa. The geology consists of basal rocks of

loam, sandstone, shales and clay alluvial materials that have resulted from continuous

intensive aggregational activities in the past. Specifically, the regional geology of the

project area consists of three lithostratigraphic units namely:


48

Akata Formation: The Akata Formation of Paleocene age is the earliest stage of

sedimentation in the Delta. It is made up of shales, silts and clay deposits.

Agbada Formation: The Agbada Formation varies in age from Eocene to Recent and

consists of paralic sediments, in particular interbedded sandstones, sands, silts and

shales deposited in a shallow brackish-marine milieu.

Benin Formation: The Benin Formation, also known as Coastal Plain Sands, is of

Miocene to Recent age. It comprises coarse to medium grained sands and poorly

consolidated sandstones with minor shale intercalations deposited in continental

environment.

These tertiary sediments are overlain by recent sediments of Quaternary age,

comprising from bottom to top, Sombreiro/Warri deltaic plain, active/abandoned

beach ridges, saltwater mangrove swamps/back-swamps, freshwater back-swamps,

meander belts and alluvium.

4.3.4 Air Quality and Noise

Table 4.3 presents the results of ambient air quality and noise measurements

conducted at nine (9) different locations in the study area. The results were compared

with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) permissible limits to establish

the condition of the project area in terms of ambient air environment.


49

Table 4.3: Ambient Air Quality and Noise Results

Sampling

Location

Parameters

Noise

Level

(dBA)

SPM

(mg/m3)

CO2

(%)

CO

(ppm)

NO2

(ppm)

SO2

(ppm)

CH4

(ppm)

H2S

(ppm)

NH3

(ppm)

VOC

(ppm)

WA1 63.7 0.023 0.01 1.20 0.023 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0

WA2 65.0 0.032 0.01 0.78 0.007 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 1.0

WA3 61.0 0.030 0.01 1.00 0.009 0.01 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0

WA4 59.6 0.028 0.01 1.08 0.007 0.01 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0

WA5 61.0 0.030 0.01 0.98 0.018 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.00 1.0

WA6 59.4 0.026 0.01 0.00 0.008 0.01 1.0 0.01 0.01 0.0

WA7 62.2 0.045 0.01 0.00 0.020 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.0

WA8 63.4 0.032 0.01 0.82 0.021 0.02 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0

WA9 58.8 0.100 0.01 0.70 0.002 0.00 1.0 0.02 0.01 1.0

Minimum 58.8 0.023 0.01 0.0 0.002 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0

Maximu

m

65.0 0.1 0.01 1.2 0.023 0.02 1.0 0.02 0.01 1.0

Average 61.57 0.038 0.010 0.729 0.013 0.01 0.22 0.006 0.003 0.33

FMENV

Limit

90 0.25 NS 10 0.04-

0.06

0.01-

0.1

NS NS NS NS

Field Survey April, 2014 NS=Not Specified

Generally, the concentrations of air quality parameters recorded at the project area

were below the FMENV permissible limits (Table 4.3). This implies that the ambient

air quality of the area can be considered as good. The potential source of air quality

pollutants in the project area is occasional emissions from vehicles such as cars. Noise

levels measured in the area ranged from 58.8dBA to 65.0dBA with an average value

of approximately 62dBA. The noise levels recorded in all the sampling locations were

below the FMENV limit of 90dBA for 8 hour exposure.

4.3.5 Groundwater Quality

Three (3) existing boreholes in the project area of influence were sampled for

groundwater quality. The physico-chemical characteristics of the water samples are

presented in Table 4.4, while Table 4.5 presents the microbial results.


50

Table 4.4: Physico-chemical properties of groundwater samples collected from the

study area in Warri metropolis, Delta State

Parameters BW1 BW2 BW3

WHO (Max .

Permissible

Level) limits

FMENV

Limits

pH 5.70 5.90 6.00 6.5-9.2 6.5-8.5

Electrical Conductivity,

µS/cm

45.6 113.0 78.0

1000

-

Temperature, 0C 29.8 30.5 30.0 NS <40

Turbidity, NTU 0.56 1.20 0.80 NS 1.0

Total Dissolved Solids,

mg/L

25.0 58.6 42.1

500

500

TSS, mg/L 11.4 23.0 13.5 NS >10

Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 5.60 5.10 5.15 NS 7.5

BOD5, mg/L 1.03 0.87 1.57 NS 0

COD, mg/L 4.56 3.20 6.89 NS -

Chloride, mg/L 25.6 30.5 18.0 600 250

Nitrate, mg/L 0.68 1.00 0.95 - 10

Sulphate, mg/L 2.30 1.69 3.00 400 500

Phosphate, mg/L 0.50 0.32 0.10 NS 5

Sodium, mg/L 12.6 9.80 7.80 NS 200

Calcium, mg/L 3.40 5.60 3.20 200 -

Magnesium, mg/L 0.78 1.00 0.90 75 -

Potassium, mg/L 1.10 2.00 1.43 NS -

Iron, mg/L 0.24 0.93 0.57 1.0 1.0

Zinc, mg/L 2.0 0.68 1.20 15.0 5.0

Lead, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.05

Mercury, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.001

Copper, mg/L 0.008 <0.001 <0.001 - 0.1

Chromium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.05

Cadmium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.01

Nickel, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.05

Arsenic, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.2

THC mg/L 0.064 0.078 0.066 0.3 -

Oil & Grease <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 - 0.05

Field Survey April, 2014 ND= Not Detected NS= Not Specified


51

Table 4.5: Microbial properties of groundwater samples collected from the study area

Sample

code

Total

Heterotro

phic

Bacteria

(cfu/ml)

Total

Heterotrophi

c Fungi

(cfu/ml)

Faecal

count

(cfu/ml)

Total

hydrocarbo

n utilizing

bacteria

(cfu/ml)

Total

hydrocarbon

utilizing fungi

(cfu/ml)

Predominant species

of microorganisms

isolated

GW1

1.10 x 103

3.0 x 101

0.00

11.0

2.0

Bacillus spp.;

Lactobacillus spp.,

Penicillium spp.,

Rhizopus stolonifer

GW2

1.30 x 103

2.0 x 101

0.00

4.0

0 .00

Bacillus spp.,

Staphylococcus

aureus, Aspergillus

niger, Trichoderma

spp., Fusarium spp.

GW

1.20 x 103 1.0 x 10

1

0.00

3.0

0 .00

Bacillus spp.,

Lactobacillus spp.,

Rhizopus stolonifer

Field Survey April, 2014

The in situ values of groundwater temperatures in the study area ranged from 29.8 to

30.5oC. Turbidity values varied between 0.56 NTU and 1.20 NTU, while TDS and

TSS varied between 25.0 – 58.6mg/l and 11.4 – 23.0 mg/l respectively. The pH values

of the water indicated a slightly acidic range (pH 5.7 –6.00). Electrical conductivity

values were between 45.6 and 113.0 µS/cm. The Dissolved Oxygen values ranged

from 5.10 to 5.60 mg/l while Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) values ranged

from 0.87 to 1.57mg/l. The TDS, electrical conductivity, and TSS were all within the

FMENV permissible levels.

The nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) were low in concentration. The concentrations

of oil and grease were below 0.05mg/l. The cations, Na+, K

+, Mg

2+, and Ca

2+ ions

ranged from 7.80 mg/l to 12.6 mg/l; 1.10 mg/l to 2.00 mg/l; 0.78 mg/l to 1.00 mg/l

and 3.20 mg/l to 5.60 mg/l respectively. The heavy metal concentrations were

generally very low in the ground water samples. Fe, Zn, and Cu ranged from 0.24

mg/l to 0.93 mg/l; 0.68 mg/l to 2.0 mg/l; and <0.001 to 0.008 mg/l respectively.

There was no evidence of hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution in the groundwater

samples. The values of all the measured parameters, with the exception of the pH

were within FMENV acceptable limits.

4.3.6 Surface Water Quality

Table 4.6 presents the physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of surface water

samples collected from the study area. The concentrations of parameters analyzed in


52

the surface water samples were generally within the FMENV permissible levels for

aquatic life. However, Fe and Zn exceeded the FMENV permissible limits of 1.0mg/l

and 0.03mg/l respectively. The high level of Fe and Zn in the surface water samples

beyond the permissible levels could be due to inflow of contaminated storm run-off to

the water body especially during the rainy season.

Table 4.6: Physico-chemical and microbial results of surface water samples from the

study area

Parameters SW

(Upstream)

SW2

(Midstream)

SW3

(Downstream)

FMENV water

quality standard for

Aquatic life

(permissible limit)1

pH 7.20 6.96 7.13 6.0 -9.0

Water temperature

(oC)

31.0 30.8 31.5 33

Conductivity (µS/cm) 145.0 210.5 176.0 NS

Total dissolved solid

(mg/L)

80.0 107.8 142.0 NS

Total suspended solid

(mg/L)

4.0 5.6 3.9 NS

Dissolved Oxygen

(mg/L)

4.7 5.2 4.9 6.8

BOD5 (mg/L) 3.0 2.0 3.2 4.0

COD (mg/L) 8.52 7.60 3.78 NS

Nitrate (mg/L) 18.0 9.80 4.30 NS

Phosphate (mg/L) 1.00 0.57 0.20 NS

Sulphate (mg/L) 10.0 13.6 2.78 NS

Chloride (mg/L) 32.0 18.9 26.5 NS

Sodium (mg/L) 34.0 17.5 21.0 NS

Potassium (mg/L) 1.00 0.54 0.32 NS

Calcium (mg/L) 2.30 4.00 11.0 NS

Magnesium (mg/L) 8.90 12.0 3.60 NS

Iron (mg/L) 1.30 1.05 2.00 1.0

Zinc, mg/L 0.56 0.09 <0.001 0.03

Lead, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0017

Mercury, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001

Copper, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.004

Chromium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002

Cadmium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002

Nickel, mg/L 0.036 0.067 <0.001 0.15

Arsenic, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.5

THC (mg/L) 0.068 0.089 1.02 NS

Oil and Grease (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 NS

Total Heterotrophic

Bacteria (x 103

cfu/100ml)

130.0 78.0 34.0 -

Total Heterotrophic 10.0 4.0 4.0 -

1 Source: National Guidelines and Standards for Water Quality in Nigeria, 1999


53

Parameters SW

(Upstream)

SW2

(Midstream)

SW3

(Downstream)

FMENV water

quality standard for

Aquatic life

(permissible limit)1

Fungi (x 103 cfu/100ml)

Hydrocarbon Utilizing

Bacteria

ND 12.0 20.0 -

Hydrocarbon Utilizing

Fungi

ND ND ND -

Faecal Coliform (x 103

cfu/100ml)

ND 2.0 ND -


4.3.7 Soil Quality

The results of physico-chemical and microbial parameters analyzed in soil samples

from the Warri metropolis, Delta State, are presented in Table 4.7 below.


54

Table 4.7: Result of Soil Samples from the Study Area

Parameters WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5 Limits

Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub

pH 5.80 6.02 7.23 6.94 7.66 7.87 6.47 7.04 7.5 6.2 4.5-9.5

Electrical

Conductivity

(µS/cm)

143.3 122.8 126.4 125.6 69.4 83.2 79.3 78.5 247.60 220.

36

<500

Sulphate

(mg/kg)

3.32 8.21 2.304 3.80 6.08 6.23 5.85 1.93 34.36 30.5

8

NS

Phosphate

(mg/kg)

6.8 5.9 13.6 9.4 0.78 3.2 16.5 11.0 8.09 8.25 NS

Chloride

(mg/kg)

12.4 17.2 17.0 15.2 13.4 13.8 18.0 12.9 34.03 32.3

3

NS

Nitrate (mg/kg) 33.7 12.8 21.9 16.9 24.9 31.5 26.6 13.4 6.63 6.56 NS

Sodium

(mg/kg)

90.674 78.480 88.859 92.112 88.767 75.463 101.327 99.658 20.21 17.9

9

NS

Potassium

(mg/kg)

0.896 0.743 1.845 1.530 1.872 1.072 0.873 1.921 2.25 2.23 NS

Calcium

(mg/kg)

61.8 29.2 36.5 21.7 24.5 5.8 98.3 39.1 19.99 20.3

9

NS

Magnesium

(mg/kg)

0.106 0.342 1.167 1.085 0.539 0.597 0.373 0.481 11.25 11.1

4

NS

TOC (%) 1.00 1.20 0.58 0.93 1.10 0.67 1.08 1.05 2.08 1.63 NS

Copper 21.69 16.42 15.08 17.24 14.53 16.05 20.25 25.53 2.36 7.60 50-100

Zinc 9.44 17.43 39.50 13.51 10.31 43.07 12.83 30.96 4.101 3.73

2

10-50

Iron 549.4 558.3 675.6 599.9 738.5 643.2 588.6 638.8 118.24 218.

06

NS

Cadmium < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 <

0.001

<

0.00

1

0.03-0.3

Lead 1.35 2.00 7.85 2.30 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < < 5-20


55

Parameters WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5 Limits

Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub

0.001 0.00

1

Chromium < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 <

0.001

<

0.00

1

NS

Nickel < 0.001 < 0.001 1.00 1.06 < 0.01 < 0.01 1.540 0.478 <

0.001

<

0.00

1

5-50

Mercury < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 <

0.001

<

0.00

1

4

Arsenic < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 <

0.001

<

0.00

1

20

THC 0.35 <0.001 0.13 0.32 1.25 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <

0.001

<

0.00

1

50

Total

Heterotrophic

Bacteria

1.6 x

107

2.30 x

107

2.50 x

107

3.10 x

107

3.1 x

107

3.60 x

107

3.20 x

107

3.50 x

107

1.90x

107

1.56

x 107

NS

Total

Heterotrophic

Fungi

5.0 x

104

5.0 x

104

5.0 x

104

4.0 x

104

5.0 x

104

6.0 x

104

4.0 x 104

2.0 x

104

1 x 104 3 x

104

NS

Hydrocarbon

Utilizing

Bacteria

18.0 x

103

21.0 x

103

22.0 x

103

19.0 x

103

20.0 x

103

18.0 x

103

21.0 x

103

22.0 x

103

8 x 103 7 x

103

NS

Hydrocarbon

Utilizing Fungi

2.0 x

103

1.0 x

103

1.0 x

103

1.0 x

103

3.0 x

103

2.0 x

103

5.0 x 103

3.0 x

103

6.0 x

103

7.0 x

103

NS



56

The laboratory results of analysis carried out on soil samples from the study area

showed that the soil pH varied from slightly acidic to neutral. Its values ranged

between 5.80 to 7.87. These values fall within the recommended pH limit of 4.8 to

9.5.The electrical conductivity of the soil samples ranged from 69.4µS/cm to

247.60µS/cm suggesting moderately dissolved ions content. The concentrations of

Mg, Ca, Na, and K recorded in soils from the project area fall within natural

occurrence levels for tropical soils. Sodium ranged from 17.99mg/kg to 101.33mg/kg,

calcium ranged from 5.8mg/kg to 98.3, magnesium from 0.106mg/kg to 11.25mg/kg,

while potassium is from 0.743mg/kg to 2.25mg/kg. Among the anions, nitrate and

sulphate ions were the most prominent while phosphate recorded the least

concentrations. Nitrate concentrations in the soil samples from the area ranged from

6.56mg/kg to 33.7mg/kg, sulphate ranged 1.93mg/kg to 34.36mg/kg, chloride ranged

from 12.4mg/kg to 34.03mg/kg while phosphate between 0.78mg/kg to 16.5mg/kg.

The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples were generally below the

recommended limits. Zinc ranged between 3.732mg/kg to 43.07mg/kg while Copper

is between <0.001mg/kg to 25.53mg/kg. Mercury, Arsenic, Chromium and Cadmium

concentrations in the soil samples were below the detection limit of 0.001mg/kg. The

concentration of heavy metals recorded in the soil samples suggest that the soil

environment of the project area is not polluted. The concentrations of measured total

hydrocarbon content in the soil samples ranged from <0.001mg/kg to 1.25mg/kg

which fall within the limit 50mg/kg for mineral oil in soil.

The total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 1.56 x 107cfu/g to 3.60 x 10

7cfu/g

while THF ranged between 1.0 x 104 cfu/g and 6.0 x 10

4cfu/g. The THB and THF

counts in the soils are similar to those that occur in natural level.

4.3.8 Terrestrial Flora (Vegetation)

The vegetation of the project area is fresh water forest of the Western Niger Delta

region in different stages of disturbance, leading to bush fallows and agricultural land

use types such as farmlands.

The study area consists of various types of vegetation including seasonally flooded

lowland rain forest, field tree crops, arable crop farmlands and fallow lands. The


57

original vegetation was that of tropical rain forest of the Western Niger Delta. This

has generally been cultivated into oil palm plantations and crop farms.

The freshwater forests constitute about 20% of the vegetation whereas the bush

fallows and farmlands including oil palm plantations account for about 50% and 30%

respectively of the vegetation. The seasonally flooded lowland forests occur in

isolated lowland areas.

The dominant plant species in the area are phanerophytes (woody plants). The tree

and shrub species include Chrysophyllum giganteum, Raphia hookeri, Mitragyna

ciliata, M. stipulosa, Psydrax subcordata, Anthocleista vogelli, Glyphaea brevis,

Baphia sp, Musanga cercropioides, Ficus sp, Alstonia boonei, Albizia sp, Alchornea

cordifolia, Manniophyton fulvum,Funtumia elastica, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Anthonotha

macrophylla, Pterocarpus sntalinoides and Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) trees.

The bush fallow vegetation was dominated by herbaceous species and shrubs dotted

with wildly growing oil palm trees. The shrubs encountered in these areas were

mainly Dialium guineense (blackvelvet termarind) Baphia sp. (Baphia), Rauvolfia

vomitoria (Rauvolfia), Cnestis ferruginea,,(Teeth cleaner), Alchornea cordifolia

(Christmas bush), Newbouldia laevis, (Neubouldia) Guajava sp. (Guava),

Pentaclethra macrophylla (Oil bean), Albizzia adianthefolia (Albizzia), Ficus

exasperata (Sandpaper leaf), and A. zygia.

The herbaceous layers were covered by mainly Aspila africana, Chromolaena

odorata (Siam weed), Calopognium sp. (Calopogonium), Panicum maximum (Guinea

grass), Imperata cylindrica (Spear grass) and Andropogon tectorum

(Andropogon).None of the plant species recorded is in the vulnerable category of the

IUCN.

Generally, the appearance and the state of health of the plant communities and the

commonest plant species were quite normal. There was no evidence of endemic

vegetation problems.


58

Fig 4.24: Bush fallow in the study area

4.3.9 Terrestrial Flora (Wildlife)

The wildlife of the study area is more abundant within the lowland rain forest. Species

encountered are mammals, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. While the aves

(birds), some reptiles and amphibians inhabit tree crowns and trunk, most of the

rodents, arthropods live within the bush fallow and farmlands.

There is no record of any Forest Reserve or other forms of protected areas in the

neighbourhood of the project area. This is however with approval from appropriate

government agencies. Some species of fauna including (insects, molluscs,

amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) were recorded during the current study.

The invertebrate faunae were the most diverse and consisted mainly of forest dwelling

species such as ants, beetles and millipedes. Two Mollusca species found in the area

include the giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata suturalis) and the

garden snail,Limicolaria aurora. The bird species recorded through sighting, nest

observations and call sounds include the white egrets, kites, weaverbirds, owls and

hawks (Table 4.8). Different species of reptiles and amphibians were also noticed.

Prominent among these were Agama agama (common lizard), gecko, frogs and

snakes. However, none of the wildlife species is recorded in endanger / threat status of

the IUCN.


59

Table 4.8: List of Fauna Species recorded in the Study Area

Source (Field survey, April 2014)

Taxa Common names Scientific names

Arthropoda

Dictyoptera Cockroaches Blatella sp.

Gryllidae Crickets Gryllus sp.

Gastropoda Water snail Lymnea sp.

Water snail Physa sp

Giant African land snail Archachatina marginata suturalis

Garden snail Limicolaria aurora

Amphibians

Frog Dicroglossus sp.

Frog Ptychadaena sp.

Toad Bufo rugularis

Toad Xenopolis sp.

Birds (Aves)

Cattle egret Egretta garzetta

Senegal fire-finch Lagonstica senegala

Forest robin Cercotrichas leucostcta

Turtle dove Streptopelia semitorquata

White-faced owl Accipiter badius

African swift Collectoptera affinis.

Palm swift Cypsiurus parvus

Carrier Hawk Polyboroides radiatus

Village weaver Ploceus cucullantus

Red eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata

Common bulbul Pydnonotus barbatus

Hornbill Lophoceros semifasciatus

Yellow wagtail Budytes flavus

Reptilia

Lizard Agama agama

Skink -

Monitor lizard

Gecko -

Snake -

Mammalia Giant rat Rattus sp

Potto Perodictius potto

Mona monkey Cercopithecus mona

White-bellied pangolin Manis tricuspis

Cutting – grass Thryonomys swinderianus


60

CHAPTER FIVE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION

5.0 INTRODUCTION

An evaluation of the socio-economic characteristics of an area is an essential

component of any meaningful and development-oriented environmental assessment

study. This is because it is usually a presentation of the foretaste or general overview

of the nature of the study area with respect to the proposed activities. It also gives an

insight into the social, cultural, economic and political conditions of stakeholders

including individuals, groups, communities and organizations. It is against this

background that the socioeconomic variables of the study area be carefully studied

and presented succinctly and broadly such that the impact of either the proposed or

existing project on the generality of the area would be clearly revealed.

The socio-economic variables of this study were grouped into various categories such

as demographic, economic, public services and social impact aspects. While the social

aspects is concerned with the lives as well as social and cultural attitudes and values

of the Project Affected Persons (PAP), the community services are concerned with

housing and requirements for public services such as water, sanitation,

communications, solid waste disposal as well as health and educational services.

Demographic aspects, on its part, are concerned with population growth structures

and distribution, while the economic aspects relate to the general characteristics,

structures and changes of various economic activities and employment of the

communities within the project area.

In summary, the socioeconomic baseline includes the following:

An assessment of the prevailing socioeconomic conditions in the study site. This

includes provision of a baseline study and characterizing the existing state of the

study site. This will assist in identifying the main areas of concerns;

An analysis of the impacts of the prevailing environmental conditions on the socio-

economic structure of the study sites; and

A development of a set of guidelines for establishing viable communities.


61

5.1 METHODOLOGY

A blend of investigative methods was used to acquire the socio-economic data. These

include the following:

A review of secondary data;

Reconnaissance survey used to identify all communities that will be directly or

indirectly affected and to alert the communities’ leaders and residents on the proposed

project;

An in-depth interviews with community leaders of the identified communities

(traditional leaders, women leaders, religious leaders and youth leaders);

Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with stakeholder and project affected communities,

especially women. The summary of this is provided as Appendix III

Field observations by the consultants and interviewers;

Democratic tools used during FGDs, specifically community mapping, and paired

needs ranking and case studies formulation; and

Structured questionnaire used to collect baseline information and the perception of the

PAPs on the intervention. Simple random sampling was used for the administration of

the questionnaire. The administration was done in such a way that the required

number of questionnaires was actually returned in each of the communities.

Population estimation was based on the combinations of questionnaire survey and

projection from 1991 and 2006 census population figures conducted by the National

Population Commission (NPC).

5.2 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT AFFECTED

PEOPLE (PAP)

This sub-section presents the socio-demographic information of the respondents,

which is basically limited to their age, gender, education, marital status and monthly

income of the in-scope households and individuals. The distribution of responses

according to these parameters designate the respondents’ stance to several other

desirable attributes that are related to the information provided.

5.2.1 Population Characteristics of the Proposed Project Area

Since the proposed SEEFOR intervention project cuts across different settlements in

three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Delta State, it was undoubtedly presumed

that the communities and the settlements in these areas will be affected negatively and


62

or positively by the project, which thus makes the examination of the demographic

profile of these settlements necessary.

Expectedly, the data used for the examination were drawn from all the relevant

documents of the LGAs and the feedback forms (questionnaires) used during the field

survey. In other words, the population sizes of the proposed project area were

estimated using the overall population of LGAs in which they are situated. This is

mainly due to the fact that the communities in the proposed project area do not have a

specific population record, as they constitute part of the overall population of their

respective LGAs.

Population estimates for the State and the proposed project affected LGAs are

presented in Figure 5.1 below. The Figure shows the 2006 population figures given by

the National Population Commission (NPC) and with 3.2 % annual growth rate, as

presented in the Figure, the population estimates for the State and the affected LGAs

were projected till 2016. Thus, the population estimates for Delta State, particularly in

Warri South LGA, Uvwie and Udu LGA, with sex ratio are expected to be

approximately 5.4 million, 0.15 million, 0.25 and 0.19 million by 2016 respectively.

A detailed result of the analysis is presented in the Figure 3.1 below.

Male 2006 Male 2016Female

2006Female

2016Total 2006 Total 2016

Delta State 2,074,306 2,738,084 2,024,085 2,671,792 4,098,391 5,409,876.1

Warri South 63,315 83,576 53,366 70,443 116,681 154,019

Uvwie 95,051 125,467 96,421 127,276 191,472 252,743

Udu 71,242 94,039 72,119 95,197 143,361 189,237

Delta State, Male 2006, 2,074,306

Delta State, Male 2016, 2,738,084

Delta State, Female 2006, 2,024,085

Delta State, Female 2016, 2,671,792

Delta State, Total 2006, 4,098,391

Delta State, Total 2016, 5,409,876.12

Po

pu

lati

on


63

Fig. 5.1: Population Estimation and Projection of the Project Site (Source NPC

and 3% growth rate analysis)

Specifically, the total population of Warri South was 143,361 people in 2006 and is

projected to rise to 154,019 by 2016, Uvwie was 191,472 in 2006 and is projected to

rise to 252,743 in 2016 while that of Udu was 143,361 in 2006 and is projected to

rise to 189, 237 in 2016. The projected population of the three LGAs in 2016 amounts

to 595,998 people in 2016.

5.2.2 Gender/Sex Profile

The sex distribution of the respondents is presented in Figure 5.2. below. The result

presented in the figure shows that there are more females (61.5%) than males (38.5%)

respondents. Efforts were made through repeated visits to capture more male

respondents, but the predominance of female respondents was more dominant. The

high concentration of women in the area may be justified by the gender-based activity

(trading) in most of the areas.

Fig. 5.2: Sex Profile of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.2.3 Age Profile

. The age distribution of respondents of the study area is presented in Fig. 5.3.

Series1, MALE, 38.46

Series1, FEMALE, 61.54

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Fig. 5.3: Age Profile of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

As presented above, most of the respondents (79.92%) belong to the age-bracket 18-45

years. They constitute the young adult and working population. Their prominence in the

area is not unconnected to the urban and commercial nature of most of the area,

especially Warri and Uvwie, while the relatively lower proportion of old adult

(23.08%) within age range 45-65 years can be explained by the presence of the rural,

agrarian settlement of Udu among the project site.

5.2.4 Ethnic group

The ethnic composition of the project area is depicted in Fig. 5.4 below. The ethnic

composition shows that most of the PAPs are Urhobos (34.46%). This is closely

followed by the Itsekiris (28.21%), Igbo (23.08%) and Edo (10.26%). The

predominance of the Urhobo and Itsekiri ethnic group is well understood as they are the

traditional landowners. The relatively high presence of Igbo and Edo ethnic group in

the area can be explained by the proximity of the states of these ethnic groups to the

project site.

Series1, <18, 0.00

Series1, 18-45, 76.92

Series1, 46-65, 23.08

Series1, >66, 0.00

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Age Profile


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Fig. 5.4: Ethnic groupings and Classification of the Respondents (Source: Field

Survey, April, 2014)

5.2.5 Level of Education

The educational level of the project area is presented in Fig. 5.5 below.

Fig. 5.5: Educational Status of the Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

As depicted in the figure above, most of the respondents possess secondary school

education (35.9%). This is followed by those with primary school leaving certificate

(28.21%), while 17.95% of the respondents do not have any form of formal education.

2.56% and 15.38% of the respondents, however, possess university and other forms of

tertiary education respectively.

Series1, EDO, 10.26

Series1, IGBO, 23.08

Series1, ITSEKIRI, 28.21

Series1, URHOBO, 38.46

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Ethnic Group

Series1, NONE, 17.95

Series1, PRIMARY SCHOOL, 28.21

Series1, SECONDARY

SCHOOL, 35.90

Series1, TERTIARY, 15.38

Series1, UNIVERSITY, 2.56 Series1, POST

GRAD, 0.00

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Educational Level


66

5.2.5 Families and Households

There are various categories of families and households observed in the proposed

project community. Consequently, this section discusses families and households under

two sub-sections, namely; marital status and family type.

5.2.6.1 Marital Status

The marital status of the respondents can be described as the types of relationships

that exist between adults (male and female) within a particular population. With

respect to a sampled individuals or households, it shows the number of individuals of

marriage age that are actually married and those who are yet to be married. Fig. 5.6

below shows the marital status of the respondents in the study area.

Fig. 5.6: Marital Status (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

As shown above, those with married status constitute the predominant marital status

in the area with the (46.15%). This is followed by those with single marital status

(30.77%); and widowed marital status (23.08%). The predominance of married

marital status indicates the potential for an increase in the area’s population.

5.2.6.2 Family Types

Family type is the description of the family structure in any study. It is defined based

on the arrangement of the family with respect to the head of household, household

typology and the size of the family. Each of these is described for the sampled

population in order to get an overview of the family structure in the project area.

Series1, SINGLE, 30.77

Series1, MARRIED, 46.15

Series1, WIDOWED, 23.08

Series1, DIVORCED, 0.00

Percentage

Mar

ital

Sta

tus


67

As illustrated in Fig. 5.7 below, there are two types of households in the project site.

Expectedly, most of the sampled families are headed by men (74.36%) while women

heads 25.64% of the household sampled. This is illustrated in Fig. 5.7.

Fig. 5.7: Household typology (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

More important is the size of the family, which is a relevant socioeconomic and

psychosocial parameter, used in understanding the complex structure of the family in a

particular population. As shown in Fig. 5.8 below, there are five family size categories,

with three (17.95%) as the minimum and four as the maximum family size (20.51%).

Others include four (25.64%), five and seven (20.51%), and six (15.38%). By

implication, the number of people that are susceptible to social and environmental

impact of the proposed project is high within a particular family.

Fig. 5.8: Household Size in the Study Area (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

Series1, FATHER, 74.36

Series1, WOMAN, 25.64

Series1, CHILD, 0.00

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Household head

Series1, 3, 17.95

Series1, 4, 25.64

Series1, 5, 20.51

Series1, 6, 15.38

Series1, 7+, 20.51

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Household Size


68

5.2.7 Residential Status of Respondents

The assessment of the in-situ households’ residential status is illustrated in Fig. 5.9

below. As presented, 74.36% of the sampled individuals and households were

permanent residents in the proposed project area with well over a decade of stay. The

returnees constitute 25.64%, while none of the respondents is a non-residents.

Fig. 5.9: Residential Status of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.2.8 Duration of Stay in Area

The residence duration of the respondents has implications for this study. It is

generally believed that, the validity of the data collected from the sampled population

is determined by the longevity of the residence of the interviewees based on their

knowledge of the area.

Fig 5.10: Length of Residence (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

Series1, PERMANENT

RESIDENT, 74.36

Series1, RETURNEE, 25.64

Series1, NON RESIDENT, 0.00

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Residency Duration

Series1, 0-2, 0.00

Series1, 3-5 YR, 0.00

Series1, 6-9YRS, 25.64

Series1, >10, 74.36

Percentage

Re

sid

en

cy D

ura

tio

n


69

Most of the sampled individuals and households (74.36%) have lived in the area for

over ten years while the respondents who have lived in the area for between 6–9 years

constitute 25.64%. The graphic presentation of the result is shown in Fig. 5.10.

5.2.9 Employment Status of Respondents

It is understood in this study that the employment status of a given population is an

indication of the major source of income of the household members of such

population. It gives an insight into the potential source of labour in an area. It

indicates the source of livelihood and family socioeconomic sustenance.

As depicted in Fig. 5.11 below, most of the respondents are traders while others are

engaged in a potpourri of urban jobs, conveniently classified as miscellaneous

activities. Those engaged in other urban-based activities are essentially service based

workmen and women. They render diverse support-based services for different

categories of industry within the urban areas of the Warri metropolis. A detailed

finding is graphically presented in Fig. 5.11 below.

Fig. 5.11: Main Occupation of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.2.10 Income Level of the Respondents

The income status of the sampled individuals and households refers to the average

income a respondent expects to get daily, weekly and monthly for engaging in an

economic activity through self-employment or as an employee. It shows the economic

status of a particular population. The income status of the respondents as estimated on

monthly basis is graphically presented in Fig. 5.12 below.

Series1, FARMER, 15.38

Series1, DAILY LABOURER, 5.13

Series1, TRADING, 38.46

Series1, ARTISAN, 7.69

Series1, EMPLOYED, 5.13

Series1, SELF EMPLOYED, 10.26

Series1, SOCIAL SUPPORT, 0.00

Series1, UNEMPOLYED,

10.26

Series1, OTHERS, 7.69

Percentage

Occ

up

atio

n


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Fig. 5.12: Income Status (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.3 ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND STANDARD OF

LIVING

5.3.1 Housing Characteristics in the Project Area

This measure is an essential socioeconomic parameter of the standard of living, which

is used to correlate employment status and income structure. The higher the quality of

materials used in the construction of the buildings, ceteris paribus, the higher the

standard of living and the quality of life.

Table 5.2 presents the distribution of materials used for the construction of the

different sections of the buildings and the tenure systems of land and building. For

buildings with the wall construction, most of the buildings are made of concrete

blocks (79.49%) and plastered mud (20.51%). For the roofing, 74.36% have

corrugated roofing sheets while 25.64% are made with aluminium. Floor materials are

mainly made of concrete cement (84.62%), earthen floor (5.13%), tiles (5.13%), and

other materials (5.13%). The number of rooms was also used as a housing definition

parameter. It is an essential element in ascertaining the available space used for living

by the households within the project area. Most of the residents (48.72%) of the

project site lived in about 3–4 room apartment excluding the rest rooms (toilet and

kitchen), 33.33% of the respondents live in 1–2 rooms while other room types are

occupied by 17.95% of the respondents. The availability of toilet facilities was also

Series1, 5K, 35.90

Series1, 6K - 20K, 30.77

Series1, 21K - 60K, 20.51

Series1, 61 - 100K, 0.00

Series1, 101+, 2.56

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Income level


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assessed and this showed that 46.15% of the residents use the pit latrine toilet, 38.46%

uses the water closet, while 10.26% have their toilets located outside the buildings.

5.13% of the respondents, however, do not have toilets.

In general, most of the residents of the project area live in average housing structure.

The tenure of housing showed that most of the buildings (41.03%) are occupied by

the owners. This is followed by those occupied by tenants (38.46%), while 20.51%

are occupiers based on rent-free.


72

Table 5.1: Type of Materials in the Building and Tenure Systems

Building section Materials Proportion

(%)

Building section Materials Proportion

(%)

Wall Materials Plastered

Mud

20.51 Toilet Facility Pit Latrine 46.15

Cement

block

79.49 Water Closet 38.46

Others 0.00 Outside

Dwelling

10.26

TOTAL 100 None 5.13

Roofing Corrugated

roofing

74.36 TOTAL 100

Aluminum 25.64 Tenure of

Housing

Owned 41.03

Asbestos 0.00 Rented 38.46

Tiles 0.00 Occupied for

free

20.51

Others 0.00 Others 0.00

TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100

Floor Materials Earthen 5.13 Tenure of Land Owned 41.03

Concretes 84.62 Rented 38.46

Tiles 5.13 Occupied for

free

20.51

Others 5.13 Others 0.00

TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100

Number of

Rooms

1-2 Rooms 33.33

3-4 Rooms 48.72

Others 17.95

TOTAL 100

Source: Field Survey, April 2014

3.3.2 Source of Energy

Certainly, energy is a key household service necessary for socioeconomic assessment

which makes the evaluation of its sources essential. The availability and utilization of

energy for domestic and commercial usage is mainly of two perspectives, i.e. lighting

and cooking. Table 3.3 below shows the ranking of energy used for cooking by the

residents of the project area. In all, most of the residents rely on public electricity

from PHCN (66.67%), followed by rechargeable lamps (48.57%), generator

(46.43%), and candle (50%). This shows that even though electricity supply was

regarded as unstable, most of the respondents still heavily depend on it.


73

Table 5.2: Source of energy for lighting

Energy Source Rank Percentage Energy Source Rank Percentage

Public

Electricity

1 66.67 Candle 1 25.00

2-3 33.33 2-3 50.00

>3 0 >3 25.00

TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100

Generator 1 46.43 Torch 1 35.71

2-3 53.57 2-3 7.14

>3 >3 57.14

TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100

Rechargeable

lamps

1 48.57

2-3 51.43

TOTAL 100

(Source: Fieldwork, April 2014)

The main source of energy for cooking in the project area based on ranking and

choice is kerosene closely followed by gas (35%). Kerosene was selected due to its

relatively low economic cost, ease of usage and availability in the area.

5.4 ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH STATUS OF SAMPLED HOUSEHOLDS

The general health status examination of the project area was based on the

management of health issues and mainly the connection between the health status and

the condition of the roads in the area. In order to understand the status of the residents,

the relationship between the health status and the road condition in the area was

assessed based on the cause-effect analysis. In the assessment, 78.79% claimed that

their health status is neither triggered nor related to the condition of the road. This

statistics forms the basis of other health assessment in the project area.

5.4.1 Method of Healthcare

An initial assessment of the respondent’s current state of health was conducted. All

the respondents claimed to be healthy. However, when the method of their healthcare

was assessed, variations in responses were noted and computed in Fig. 5.13 below.


74

Fig. 5.13: Health Status of Sampled Individuals and Households


5.4.2 Assessment of Ailment/Sickness Dominant in the Project Area

It is deemed paramount in this study to understand the dominant health condition of

the people in the project area since the previous parameters have been established. As

captured in Fig. 5.14 below, the most common health challenge/ailment among the

respondents in area is Malaria (41.03%). Others, in hierarchical order, include cough

(15.38), Catarrh (15.38%), water-borne diseases, skin diseases and cough (17.95%)

respectively.

The perception of the respondents on the dominant health challenges showed that the

environment and specifically the condition of the road affect their health greatly. This

was emphasized further by the claim that the diseases are sometimes seasonal with

incidence of malaria and waterborne diseases increasing during the rainy season while

cough, catarrh and skin diseases prominent during the dry seasons. The seasonal

nature and persistence of these diseases were emphasized, since they affect the

residents either simultaneously or consecutively from one family member to another.

Series1, ATTEND HOSPITAL, 64.10

Series1, BUY DRUGS FROM

CHEMIST, 25.64

Series1, TRADITIONAL, 0.00

Series1, NONE, 2.56

Series1, OTHER, 7.69

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Healthcare Centre


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Fig. 5.14: Ailment/Sickness Rampant Among the Sampled Households


5.5 SOURCES OF DOMESTIC WATER

There are six different sources of water available for daily usage in the project area.

First is water sold to community members as they fetch from a commercial borehole.

Second, some depend on the private borehole water while the third source of water is

the community/public taps.

Out of the three, the commercial borehole is the most used for general water needs,

i.e. for drinking, cooking, bathing and washing. As shown in Table 5.3, 53.85% relies

on commercial borehole for drinking, 58.33% for cooking, and 51.61% for bathing

and washing. Therefore, it can be established that the borehole is the main source of

water for the community. The quality of the water however remains a challenge with

some community members complaining about the lack of proper treatment of the

water as well as the general unhygienic nature of the environment where the water is

fetched. Next after the commercial boreholes are public water pump, community

pump and pipe water outside dwelling; all constituting substantial source of water for

drinking, cooking, bathing and washing respectively. However, a relatively small

percentage of the residents claimed to use the water from the hand dug wells. The

river was lowest source of water constituting 2.56% for drinking, 2.78% for cooking,

and 3.23% both for bathing and washing.

Series1, SKIN DISEASE, 10.26

Series1, COUGH, 15.38

Series1, CATARRH, 15.38

Series1, MALARIA, 41.03

Series1, WATER-BORNE DISEASE,

17.95

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Table 5.3 Sources of Domestic water

Value Label Drinking Water Cooking Water Bathing &

Washing

Percentage Percentage Percentage

LAGOON 0.00 0.00 0.00

WELL 7.69 13.89 16.13

COMMERCIAL

BOREHOLE

53.85 58.33 51.61

PUBLIC WATER PUMP 15.38 11.11 12.90

COMMUNITY TAP 10.26 11.11 12.90

PIPE WATER OUTSIDE

DWELLING

10.26 2.78 3.23

RIVER 2.56 2.78 3.23

RAIN HARVESTING 0.00 0.00 0.00

WATER VENDOR 2.56 2.78 3.23

WATER TANKER 0.00 0.00 0.00

OTHER 0.00 0.00 0.00

LAGOON 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Response 100.0 100.0 100.0


5.6 ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS

Waste management is an essential socioeconomic and environmental yardstick for

measuring safety and environmental cleanliness and awareness. The management of

waste generated simply deals with waste handling across the spectrum of generating,

collecting and general waste treatment. A properly handled waste management

approach determines the extent of vulnerability to diseases and epidemics.

Fig. 5.15 shows the refuse collection methods used by the residents of the project

area. Most of the residents (35.90%) dispose their refuse by the roadside for the waste

collector, while 10.26% claimed to use the so-called community dumpsite. 17.95%,

however, stated that they burn their waste while the remaining respondents claim they

dump their waste at their backyard (30.77%).


77

Fig. 5.15 Solid Waste Management Methods (Source: Fieldwork, April 2014)

5.7 COMMUNITIES’ ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS (CECS)

For every proposed environmental rehabilitation activity, there are perceived

implications at the community level. The perception at this level often goes a long

way to underpin the extent of success such projects would have. For the proposed

road rehabilitation project in the Warri metropolis, relevant questions were used to

inquire from the respondents their perception of the project and their response goes

thus:

On their awareness of the SEEFOR intervention project, most of the respondents

opined that they are unaware of the proposed project. Specifically, only about 24.2%

are aware while 75.8% are ignorant of the proposed project (source, field survey). In

essence, more vibrant, consistent and continuous means of disseminating information

to virtually all concerned stakeholders are required.

With regards to the need for the intervention, most of the respondents embraced the

initiation of the proposed road rehabilitation project. This, they indicated, is necessary

to avert the present problems in the area, which includes: traffic congestion (17.95%);

non-accessibility (7.69%); contamination of groundwater (5.13%); breeding site for

disease vectors (23.08%); noise/air pollution (20.51%); and flooding (25.64%). This

is presented in Fig 3.16 below.


78

Fig 5.16: Impact of the Present State of the proposed project site

However, even though the intervention project was welcomed, some environmental and

socio-economic concerns were raised. These are the perceived adverse environmental

impacts that may come up with the road rehabilitation projects especially during

construction and operation phases. These are presented in table 5.4.

Table 5.4: Perceived environmental Impacts of the road network across the

various stages of the rehabilitation project

Environmental Challenges During rehabilitation (%) Maintenance (%)

Soil Infertility 2.56 0.00

Poor Drainage 5.13 7.41

Low Visibility 2.56 7.41

Environmental Degradation 12.82 3.70

Degraded Land 7.69 14.81

Destruction of public infrastructure 30.77 48.15

Pollution (air, surface water,

groundwater, noise)

2.56 3.70

TOTAL 100 100

Source: Field Survey, April 2014

The potential environmental concerns raised with respect to the construction phase of

the project include destruction of public infrastructure (30.77%), flooding (23.08%),

possible environmental degradation (12.82%) and badlands (7.69%). There are traces of

bad roads (5.13%), poor drainages (6.06%), environmental degradation and pollution of

key aspects of the environment (air, surface water, groundwater, noise). Only a handful

Series1, TRAFFIC CONGESTION, 17.95

Series1, NON ACCESSIBILITY, 7.69

Series1, CONTAMINATION OF SWATER, 5.13

Series1, BREEDING SITE 4 DISEASE VECTOR, 23.08

Series1, NOISE/AIR POLLUTION, 20.51

Series1, FLOODING, 25.64

Percentage

Imp

act

of

the

Pre

sen

t St

ate

of

the

p

roje

ct s

ite


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of these environmental distresses were highlighted for the operation and maintenance

phase of the project. The major concern expressed by the residents of the project area is

related to the destruction of public infrastructure (48.15%). Other concerns include

development of degraded lands (14.81%), badlands (11.11%), poor drainage (7.41%)

and poor visibility (7.41%).

5.8 IMPACT EVALUATION OF THE ROAD REHABILITATION

INTERVENTION ACTIVITIES

With regards to the tranquility of the area, the respondents affirmed that the community

is presently peaceful and the project may not necessarily stimulate any form of youth

restiveness. However, daunting issues that could trigger youth restiveness in the area

were outlined. This is shown in Fig.5.17 below.

Fig. 5.17: Possible causes of youthful restiveness during the project

(Source: April 2014)

As shown above, the most pertinent issue that may possibly cause youth restiveness in

the area is the non-inclusion of the youth in the project. This is followed by loss of

properties especially shops and caravans, disregard for local norms and then possible

theft of sacred items.

In other words, to forestall any form of restiveness in the area, the expectation of the

people especially during the construction phase includes:

Employment of the locals;

Series1, DISRESPECT NORMS, 15.38

Series1, LOSS OF FARMLAND/PROPER

TY, 25.64

Series1, POSSIBILE THEFT OF SACRED

ITEMS, 2.56

Series1, LOCAL PEOPLE NOT

EMPLOYED, 56.41

Series1, OTHERS, 0.00

Percentage

Po

ssib

le C

ause

s o

f R

est

ive

ne

ss


80

Adequate compensation to people whose properties will be loss due to the

intervention.

Having taken care of the above, the communities assured a total cooperation with the

Warri metropolis SEEFOR, contractors and consultants. They promised adequate

security / protection of live, properties and equipment’s during construction.


81

CHAPTER SIX

ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

6.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter concisely presents the potential impacts of the activities that will be

engaged during the pre-construction, construction and maintenance and operation

phase of the proposed project on the environment. It discusses the alternatives for

either the acceptance of the proposed project or its rejection. The stated impacts cover

the broad spectrum of the environmental and social dimensions of the proposed

rehabilitation works in Warri metropolis of Delta State, Nigeria.

6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS

The potential environmental and social impacts that could arise from the road

rehabilitation operations have been categorized under the various project phases,

namely Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation and Maintenance Phases. The

following discussions below are summary of the impacts and the details:

6.1.1 Positive impacts

Based on the facts emanating from socioeconomic profile and social status of the

residents of the project area, construction and rehabilitation works will reduce the

unpleasant experiences of the residents to a barest minimum. The essential positive

impacts of the project are listed as follows:

Minimization of flooding: The project site is currently being challenged by enormous

flooding problems especially when it rains. This is not unconnected to the relatively

flat nature of the terrain nature of the area in addition to the problems of blocked

drains which in most cases, leads to obstruction of movement within the community,

and loss of crops planted on the farmland. At the completion of the project, these

challenges and the associated loss of properties and travel time will be greatly

reduced.

Employment opportunities

The provision of employment opportunity is an essential positive impact of the project

to the community. The project will create significant temporary employment for

construction workers, equipment maintenance and support staff. While a small

number of senior project managers may come from overseas and other experts from


82

elsewhere in Nigeria, majority of the project staff are expected to be recruited locally

from within the Warri metropolis. In many of the corridors particularly the ones

earmarked for rehabilitation, locals told the team during consultations that some of

them were trained equipment operators and had enough working experience. The

challenge the contractor would have choosing out of the large pool, limited number of

workers. Jobs will also be created by the presence of construction gangs (food

vending, trading in household items clothing and commencement of new business

ventures), while new business opportunities would be created when a contractor/or

labor crew commence work in an area. Many more people will have a regular

monthly income similar to the typical rural dweller whose income is seasonal. There

will also be more expendable income available. Their demand for various items

would fuel supply and lead to brisk business in toiletries, cooked food, groceries,

clothing and accessories, medicines and many other items.

Improved accessibility

When the roads are improved, accesses are enhanced especially in Udu where farmers

would be able to get their produce out to the markets for sale. In much similar way, in

Warri metropolis, reduction in travel time will be enhanced.

The local, regional and national economies would expand

Business will expand and there will be more money in circulation. Farmers will be

able to sell their produce and have more money. Markets in these corridors will

become more vibrant because many more people can afford to buy. In the same vein,

and new businesses will open up to provide all manner of services because people can

now afford to pay for services. Roads make the location of industries in new places

easier because whatever is produced can be evacuated. The economies of the locality,

the general region and the country expands as many more people invest in commerce,

providing goods and services and industry

6.1.2 Negative Impacts

The identified potential negative impacts have been grouped on the basis of whether

they occur during the pre-construction, construction or operation phase in the

subsequent sections. This is necessary to facilitate the implementation of the

mitigation measures that are outlined in the Environmental and Social Management

plan (ESMP) included in the next chapter of this report.


83

6.1.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase

Displacement of People: The proposed development will not lead to potentially

displacement of people within the road alignment. However, petty traders along the

road alignment may need to move away especially during construction. All affected

persons must be compensated adequately, considering who may have to be relocated

to different location. The following will be done;

Appropriate identification and mapping of the PAPs (Project Affected Persons),

logistical provision for resettling the people so that they can move on with their

livelihood

6.1.2.2 Construction Phase

A critical requirement with the level of construction anticipated in the project area is

the right of way. Vegetation will be cleared from sites, large drains will be

constructed and other related constructions will be erected. These activities during the

construction phase will intensify and the environment will be disturbed and affected.

Generally, key negative impacts of the development which are likely to occur include:

Impacts on Flora and Fauna:

One of the major potential unavoidable impacts of road works is its effect on the

terrestrial vegetation in the vicinity of the construction works. The impacts on natural

vegetation are associated with the construction of drainage structures and the control

of vegetation. There are significant areas of natural or semi-natural forest all along the

project roads but no designated or protected areas of terrestrial ecological interest will

be affected by the proposed construction activities.

Information obtained from field investigation confirms that no locally or regionally

endangered species will be affected as a result of the proposed rural road

rehabilitation. Clearing of vegetation would also be required on other roads that have

been overgrown with shrubs and bushes. This would result in loss of vegetative cover.

Impacts on water and water resources

Impact on water resources is critical to the project area. Moreover that there are a

number of river and stream crossings on the roads, including marshes and swamps. A

source of water pollution from the construction could therefore lead to severe impact

on the surface and groundwater water resources of the project area. In addition,

earthworks during construction may release suspended particles in the water which

could have detrimental effect on water organisms. However, the critical concern is the


84

impact of the construction activities on the hydrological functions of shallow water

bodies such as wetlands in the area. Sources of waste-related point source and non-

point pollution of water bodies could include:

i. Wastewater containing high suspended solids;

ii. Oil residues and industrial fluids from the washing of plant and vehicles that spilled

into nearby water body and seeped into groundwater;

iii. Spilt fuel oil around fuel storage tanks that seeped into groundwater and nearby

stream; and

iv. Waste oil, grease and de-greasing solvents from vehicle and plant servicing.

v. Heaped construction materials such as sand and other aggregates could be carried in

run-off into the water course leading to siltation and affecting water quality.

vi. Exposing large cleared areas for long periods without the expected road works would

render such areas susceptible to sheet erosion (in rainy season), resulting in

sedimentation.

Pollution of these resources may arise at or close to the base camp or work sites as a

result of inadequate provision of sanitary and waste facilities, and accidental or

deliberate spillage or leakage of polluting materials. Such pollution will adversely

affect those who depend on local water resources. Inappropriate disposal of refuse and

some materials used in construction can also lead to public and animal health hazards.

Noise and vibratory impacts

During construction, permissible/acceptable human noise levels can be temporarily

exceeded due to the operation of lorries and equipment in the working zone of the

road rehabilitation site. Noise abatement measures will be taken in the zones crossing

the residential areas, including adequate work scheduling. The scheduling should also

be designed to incorporate every form of social activities that may be affected in order

to reduce any form of infringement. The impact of sustained noise on humans

includes stress, headaches and in extreme cases hearing impairment. Noise also

affects wildlife as it drives animals away from their natural habitat.

Dust generation and air quality impacts

Excavation, loading and emptying of dump trucks will generate dust. Exhaust

emissions from vehicles moving between sites will also contribute to air pollution.

Excessive dust is known to cause upper respiratory diseases, aggravate allergies like


85

Asthma and cause eye irritation. Dust also impedes visibility and increases the risk of

accidents. Dust settles on foliage and disturbs plant growth.

Waste generation

Road construction tends to generate different forms of waste. There is the unsuitable

material from road surface, garbage from activities of workers, food wrappers, paper,

cartons, plastic containers and human waste. Indiscriminate disposal of waste could

breed flies, mice and other pests that can cause disease like diarrhoea, cholera, malaria

when mosquitoes breed in water collected in small containers. Littering also destroys

the beauty of the natural habitat. Plastics, especially plastic bottles are a major

problem in Urban areas. If plastics are not properly disposed off, they will aggravate

the already bad situation. Ruminants are known to die from ingesting plastic bags.

Waste could also be carried by runoff into streams where it impedes flow and impacts

on water quality.

Road diversion & Detours

Without adequate signage road diversions could increase the risk of accidents

(Speeding vehicles may fall into open ditches, workers and other pedestrians could be

knocked down) Diversions slow down traffic and increase travel time. It could

significantly impact on accessing health care for the sick and in times of emergency.

Creation of detours may also impact on vegetation. Delays will be most noticeable

during morning and evening peak 'rush-hours’ even though these are relatively

modest in Udu, it is not in Warri metropolis. Resulting delays will be most serious

when they impact ambulances, fire engines, blood bank vans and other emergency

vehicles. There are expected to be no significant impacts to non-vehicular traffic.

Community-Worker Relations

Friction may be caused by inappropriate or unacceptable behaviour of workers on

project site. Sexual activity of workers with locals for instance, may lead to unwanted

pregnancies, STIs and Increased incidence in HIV/AIDS.

6.1.2.3 Operations and Maintenance Phase

During the operation and maintenance phase, there are series of activities that will

impact the environment across different scales. Maintenance and repairs could

stimulate issues such as air quality impairment, noise and vibration, water quality,


86

traffic and transportation, occupational health and safety issues, amongst several

others.

Specifically, the maintenance/rehabilitation works, will significantly affect the

topography of the project area. In addition, other activities such as construction and

civil works combined with increased vehicular traffic in the area might intensify to an

adverse extent, thus reducing road transportation capacity. It is not expected that

pesticides and other chemical products will be used. Weed killers may be used along

the drains and around the alignment of the rehabilitated area to ensure smooth water

flow. Maintenance plans should therefore examine issues of design alterations,

departure of the on-site activities from the initial project design, etc. Maintenance

therefore should examine issues from the standpoint of maintaining and sustaining the

original standard and design for the project area.

Air quality: The operation and maintenance phase is also envisaged to bring about air

quality issues which will arise owing to increased vehicular traffic in the project area

stimulated by the need to rehabilitate the roads. Dust particles and other potentially

harmful particles will be released to the environment, which could prevent visibility

and affect the general environmental outlook of the project area. These might be

noticed by the residents or even traced with the hospital records close to the project

area. It therefore becomes imperative to put a consistent structure to check the air

quality of the project during this phase of the project.

Noise and vibration: This is a likely phenomenon that can be related to the increase

in the traffic and the impact of machineries that will be used for the rehabilitation

exercise. In order words, the operation and maintenance phase of the project will

attract heavy traffic as the rehabilitation works will lead to inward movement of

people. Thus, number of vehicles will increase and the facilities that will be used for

the maintenance of the structures put in place will also generate noise in the area.

These activities could increase the ambient decibel levels beyond permissible limits.

Water quality issues: Water quality issues could arise from run off from the roadways

that crisscross the project site, community solid wastes, and agricultural wastes. It

therefore becomes imperative to ensure that measures such as pH levels, turbidity,


87

water colour and other physical and chemical measures are examined from time to

time during this phase.

Traffic and transportation: At this phase, intense traffic is expected. Proper traffic

maintenance measures should be put in place by the local traffic maintenance

authority in order to curtail man-hours waste on roads.

Occupation health and safety: Workers and other contractor staff members might be

exposed to accidents at this stage of the project. The condition of work is also very

essential to be considered, working under stringent environmental hazards, exposure

to insects, carnivorous animals and other unsafe working conditions are possible

scenarios. In some cases, in situ workers may be injured and some members of the

public can be affected at this stage. Thus, proper safety measures must be put in place

and first aid materials must be made available.

6.1.3 Social Impacts

The project area is located within commercial, residential, industrial and institutional

areas. Adjoining land uses like farms also exist which makes large negative social

impacts likely trees.

Cultural Impacts: Given what we know of the proposed project area (no history of

historical artifacts or chance finds from past excavations in the area), it is not

envisaged that thee road maintenance/rehabilitation intervention activity will cause

damage to historical, archeological and cultural sites.

In the event that an archaeological resource is discovered during the construction

process, a procedure for the safeguard of such resource must be implemented. Such a

procedure should identify the importance of such archaeological resource and should

outline what will happen if previously unknown physical resources are encountered

during project construction or operation. The procedure should include record keeping

and expert verification procedures, chain of custody instructions for movable finds,

and clear criteria for potential temporary work stoppages that could be required for

rapid disposition of issues related to the finds. The site Safeguards Officer will inspect

and secure the site, and will then contact Delta State Ministry of Arts and Culture for

advice and arrange for a survey or salvage work as appropriate.


88

Impact on Agriculture, Settlements and Community facilities: Most of the impact on

social life along the road alignment will occur during the construction period. The

impacts will be both positive and negative. Positive impacts include temporary

markets for goods and services, including sources of employment for certain tasks

during construction. Some of the recreation requirements of the work force are likely

to cause negative impacts. Use of alcohol among the working crew may affect the

local population negatively through increased violence and abuse of local women.

There will also be an increased risk for spreading of sexually transmitted diseases

such as HIV/AIDS in the project area.

Agriculture being both an economic and social activity going by the heavy

dependence of economic trees like the Palm tree.

Impact on Ambient Air and Traffic: The air emissions from construction machinery

will be minor and so will have negligible impact on ambient air quality. However, the

extent of traffic generated during the construction phase will be a source of concern.

Movement of heavy-duty machineries, lorries and other construction works might

impact traffic and air quality thereby affecting road users. Thus, road signs and other

road safety measures as well as traffic diversion signs will be used to properly direct

traffic to ensure safety and proper movement of vehicles plying the road.

Solid Waste: There will be loss of existing undergrowth during the clearing of the

road alignment in readiness for the construction and related engineering works. There

will also be solid waste generated from the excavation works. Some of the excavated

soil could be reused as backfill, while the rest will be disposed of to the designated

areas. Solid topsoil wastes from the sites will be the main form of solid waste. Other

solid wastes will include metallic pieces, wooden planks, and stone debris. All the

wastes will be disposed of according to the legislation guiding the same.

Health Issues: Some of the significant health concerns associated with new projects

include shortage of facilities like toilets and catering facilities for construction

workers. In this instance, the constructor remains the only responsible party to ensure

that his or her workers are provided with the required facilities. These facilities could

either be put in place before the construction work commences or arrangement could

be done such that the personnel on the field could get the facilities from the

neighbouring communities.


89

The control building for equipment and control facility will be supplied with portable

water and shall have sanitation and wastewater facilities. Periodical investigations,

maintenance, and remedy of failures and accidents will be performed by specifically

trained staff.

Gender Issues: The project is not expected to have any adverse impact on women

rather it will enhance their accessibility to farmland, market and other locations for

their livelihood. Also, women will be engaged during construction activities

especially in the provision of ancillary activities such as food and water..

Safety Issues: During the construction phase, the work will involve the use of sharp

objects, noisy machinery that will create dust.. The constructor will be required to

provide his workers with the relevant protective gears like boots, gloves, protective

clothing dust masks and earmuffs. These should be provided for in the project budget.

The ground will also be made wet to prevent dust. Warning signs will be expected to

be displayed next to dangerous points and machines so as to restrict the movement of

unauthorised personnel on site during construction and to warn heavy-duty vehicles

that will be at the site against possible danger. All litter and debris will be picked up

and disposed in a central disposal site so as to avoid subsequent injuries during and

after the construction, work is complete.

A safety officer will be at the construction site during the construction phase at all

times. The safety officer will make sure a first aid kit is always available and that the

skilled workers are aware of the safety rules.

The immediate surrounding will experience an increase in human traffic and noise

during ground preparation. In a construction site, noise is likely to be produced by the

construction machinery excavator and lorries during the civil works. Noise is also

most likely to emanate from the regular masonry operations such as stone dressing.

The machine operators and workers who will be in close proximity to the machinery

will be required to wear protective gears such as earmuffs during the construction

period.

Workers must wear safety gears like gumboots, helmets, safety belts (harness), dust

masks and approved welding glasses for welders. Other safety precautions are


90

stipulated in the Health and Safety guidelines. Finally, the contractor will conduct a

risk-based assessment of all construction and operations tasks, and provide

appropriate safety measures. Also, the contractor should register with any government

hospital or certified private hospital and provide a plan route for emergency situation.

Other safety precautions are stipulated in the World Bank/IFC Environmental, Health

and Safety Guidelines particularly the sections of the Toll Roads and Construction

Materials Extraction

6.2 Analysis of Alternatives

In the context of this ESMP, the analysis (assessment) of project alternatives refers to

the performance of the resources with or without the completion of the project or with

or without the implementation of the measures designed with this ESMP and/or

safeguard instruments considered appropriate. It is therefore a comparison of possible

alternatives to be considered with respect to the proposed project.

One of the stated alternatives will be prescribed owing to its outstanding merits over

others. The choice will be centered on the fundamentals of meeting with the threshold

of criteria regarding all considered environmental and social variables that are

paramount to the project (i.e Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements

(ARAR)).

For this project, analysis of the various alternatives is presented as follows:

6.2.1 No-Action alternative

The assumption behind this alternative is based on the impression that there will be no

alteration to the existing condition at the Warri metropolis road

rehabilitation/maintenance site. Specifically, the prevailing road condition will be left

untouched, unaddressed and without any civil works or any engineering construction

works. Consequently, the conditions at the road rehabilitation site and its alignment

will worsen resulting in the increase of traffic delays, flooding and other related

ailments. With the no-action alternative, accidents on the road will increase; flooding

will persist unchecked and uncontrolled. Other environmental and social effects such

as reduction of existing road capacity, exposure to risk and dangers from the high

currents of floodwaters, high cost of transportation, destruction of soil, exposure of

flora and fauna to devastating imprints of erosion, loss of land and landed properties,


91

and likely surface and groundwater pollution will intensify. Essentially, the prevailing

conditions will be left without any amelioration effort.

As a result of these effects, the no-action alternative is not recommended for this

project.

6.2.2 The Use of Civil Works

For the anticipated restoration and rehabilitation of the roads in the project area, all

elements of the environmental and social components should be considered. This

approach will ensure that germane components of the natural and human environment

under the threat and risk of destruction such as soil, public infrastructure, social and

community infrastructures and facilities will be secured in the project area.

The procedure for such rehabilitation works and associated enhancements will involve

intensive civil works across the broad spectrum of the affected and high-risk areas.

Thus, physical construction works will be adopted in restoring and enhancing the

affected areas as envisioned according to the goals of SEEFOR. Adverse impacts of

these activities will be highly minimized in such a way that the merits outweigh the

demerits, thus, manageable.

Furthermore, drainage construction works will control the incidence flood related

ailments of loss of work hours and wastage of economic resources currently being

experienced in the project area. The quality of lives and enhancement of livelihood for

the community residents will also be enhanced with the implementation of the stated

measures in the ESMP. The cost of transportation will either normalise or be reduced

to the anticipate cost. Essentially, agricultural commodities being transported to the

traditional markets will be delivered at the expected, time thus reducing prices of

commodities in the market. Adverse impacts such as air, water and noise pollution,

destruction of vegetation, disruption of economic activities might be experienced

during various stages of the implementation of the provision of ESMP. These impacts

will be slight and of short duration thus are manageable.

The merits of the Civil Works Alternative outweigh the No-Action Alternative and it

is thus recommended.


92

The two alternatives will be evaluated based on the benchmarks indicated in Table 6.1

below.

Table 6.1: Appraisal of the ‘No Action’ Alternative and Use of Civil Works

Criteria No Action The Civil Work

Overall Protection of

Environment and Human

Health (General protection

mechanisms)

This will not benefit the

concerned stakeholders and

community residents owing

the observed level of damage.

Adopting this alternative will

not benefit Project Affected

People and the environment.

The maintenance and

rehabilitation of the road will lead

to improvement of life. Properties

will be secured, lives will be

saved, resources being recovered,

transportation facilities enhanced

and general restoration of

livelihood. It will benefit the

Project Affected People and the

residents.

Short-term Effectiveness The No-Action alternative

does not add any specific input

to the stated criteria.

The timeline for the civil and other

construction works is long term.

Nevertheless, the benefits

derivable are still better than a No-

Action alternative.

Long-term Effectiveness

and Permanence

This alternative does not meet

the long-term effectiveness

and permanence criteria.

Civil works will provide long-term

effectiveness for the roads.

From Table 6.3, it can be summarised that the Civil Work alternative is better than

No-Action even though the cost implication of the former would be much more than

that of the latter. The Civil Work alternative will provide the solution that SEEFOR

sought, whereas the No-Action alternative will further aggravate the problem

currently experienced in the project area.


93

CHAPTER SEVEN

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses the fundamentals of the environmental and social management

plan. It presents, identifies and discusses the structure for mitigation procedures taken

to address the adverse impacts hitherto identified in chapter five. It outlines the

institutional responsibilities and accountabilities that will ensure that all the provisions

are effected under strict organization. It also describes the cost implication of

implementing all the identified mitigation avenues.

7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES

The mitigation measures outlines in this report are structured to curtail the observed

adverse environmental and social impacts itemised in the previous chapter. The

arrangement of the mitigation measures will follow the pattern of the evolvement of

the SEEFOR intervention programme for the construction, rehabilitation and

maintenance of the proposed project. These are presented in the subsequent

subsections.

7.1.1 Pre-construction phase

At the pre-construction phase, the mitigation measures are stated here to resolve the

adverse effects of the project prior to the commencement of civil works. In particular,

this phase covers the preliminary works that predate the construction and

developmental works in the Project area. The two critical issues that may be of cogent

significance at this phase are: land acquisition and community perception of the

project. Each of these is discussed and presented as follows:

Land acquisition: It is essential to acquire land particularly along the road alignment.

In addition, this will cover the legally binding right-of-way for civil construction

features such as large drains along the road lines. However, all the proposed roads

have existing alignment and no additional land will be acquired for the purpose of the

project.

Community perception of the project: It is a normal scenario for the host community

of the project to have a divergent perception about the authenticity of the proposed

SEEFOR intervention project. Inability to manage this may give the project a negative


94

impression from the community. This could be based on the perceived laidback

attitude to project by officials or previous experience in the community. In order to

resolve this challenge, there are relevant steps to be taken as mitigation measures to

checkmate any doubt about the legitimacy and authenticity of the project. These

measures are itemised in Table 7.1 below.


95

Table 7.1: Mitigation Measures for Pre-construction phase

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and social

impact source

Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility

1 LOT 1 Not Applicable

LOT 2 Not Applicable






LOT 8



2 LOT 1 Community perception of

the project

1. Proper sensitization of the entire

community.

2. Executive members of the local road

rehabilitation site monitoring committee

will be contacted to act as local

information dissemination base for the

project.

3. The community will be engaged

1. This should be extended to

the pre-construction and

construction phases.

Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU

Community Based

Organisations

Site Monitoring Committee


96

S/N Implied

LOT


impact source


using English and local language

languages

4. Posters, notices and signboards will

be displayed at strategic and vantage

points to pass information to locals.

LOT 2 Community perception of

the project


community.



should be contacted to act as local


project.

3. The community should be engaged


languages




1. This will be extended to the

pre-construction and



Community Based

Organisations



the project


community.





project.



languages








Community Based

Organisations



the project


community.







Community Based

Organisations



97

S/N Implied

LOT


impact source




project.



languages





the project


community.





project.



languages








Community Based

Organisations



the project


community.





project.



languages








Community Based

Organisations



98

S/N Implied

LOT


impact source



the project


community.





project.



languages








Community Based

Organisations



the project


community.





project.



languages








Community Based

Organisations



the project


community.





project.







Community Based

Organisations



99

S/N Implied

LOT


impact source


languages





the project


community.





project.



languages








Community Based

Organisations



the project


community.





project.



languages








Community Based

Organisations



the project


community.








Community Based

Organisations



100

S/N Implied

LOT


impact source



project.



languages





101

7.1.2 Construction/Rehabilitation phase

Civil work is anticipated to have various environmental and social impacts on the

area. Such impacts are expected to cut across different aspects of the environmental as

well as social and cultural components of the project area. As required several

governmental MDAs (State Ministries, Departments and Agencies) will be involved

in the follow up process of the mitigation process.


102

Table 7.2: Mitigation Measures for the Environmental Impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and

social impact source


1 LOT 1 Removal of vegetative

cover to widen road Limit removal of vegetation to design

width if road.

Provide tree seedlings for tree planting

Monthly

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR

Relevant Delta State

Ministries






LOT 7 Removal of vegetative


width if road.


Monthly

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR


Ministries



width if road.


Monthly

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR


Ministries



width if road.


Monthly

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR


Ministries



width if road.


Monthly

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR


Ministries



width if road.

Monthly

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR


103

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



Provide tree seedlings for tree planting Relevant Delta State

Ministries



width if road.


Monthly

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR


Ministries

2 LOT 1 Dust generation due to

construction and

rehabilitation activities

Dowsing with water

Erection of speed control signals and ramps

Use of breathing protection masks for employees

and other task-specific Personal.

Use of dust suppression method to minimize

airborne particulate matter that may result from

the construction activities.

Reduce travel distances by placing constructions

campsites close to work areas.

Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are

regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if

need be.

Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries

comply with international standards for exhaust

emission.

Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.

Ensure that road signs

are placed along the

road corridors.

Ensure that speed limits

are strictly adhered to.

Ensure that vehicles are

in good condition so as

not to pollute the

environment

Site Engineer

Delta SEEFOR

Delta State Ministry

of Environment






LOT 7 Dust generation due to

construction and


Dowsing with water







Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.



road corridors.


Site Engineer

Delta SEEFOR


of Environment


104

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and







need be.



emission.




not to pollute the

environment


construction and


Dowsing with water











need be.



emission.

Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.



road corridors.





not to pollute the

environment

Site Engineer

Delta SEEFOR


of Environment


construction and


Dowsing with water











need be.

Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.



road corridors.





not to pollute the

environment

Site Engineer

Delta SEEFOR


of Environment


105

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and





emission.


construction and


Dowsing with water











need be.



emission.

Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.



road corridors.





not to pollute the

environment

Site Engineer

Delta SEEFOR


of Environment


construction and


Dowsing with water











need be.



emission.

Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.



road corridors.





not to pollute the

environment

Site Engineer

Delta SEEFOR


of Environment


construction and

Dowsing with water


Regular check for

adherence to safety Site Engineer

Delta SEEFOR


106

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



rehabilitation activities Use of breathing protection masks for employees









need be.



emission.

concerns.



road corridors.





not to pollute the

environment


of Environment

4 LOT 1 Soil impact from

construction activities

such as excavating,

grading, leveling,

compacting, patching

etc.

Erosion control measures such as water

bars, gabions, straw bales, and re-

vegetation will be implemented during

and after construction phases.

Planting of forest trees will be in

accordance with the native trees.

Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

Delta State Ministry of

Environment






LOT 7 Soil impact from


such as excavating,

grading, leveling,


etc.







Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


107

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and





such as excavating,

grading, leveling,


etc.







Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment



such as excavating,

grading, leveling,


etc.







Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment



such as excavating,

grading, leveling,


etc.







Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment



such as excavating,

grading, leveling,


etc.







Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment



such as excavating,

grading, leveling,







Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


108

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



etc. accordance with the native trees.

5 LOT 1 Indiscriminate waste

dumping and

defecation

Separation of waste

Composting of organic waste

Emptying of waste bins at approved

waste dump site

Decommissioning of toilets after project

Designated sites are selected for waste

management.

Measures will be taken to ensure that

waste is handled in an adequate manner.

Cover dumped waste as quickly as

possible.

Ensure liquid wastes are properly

disposed of.

Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment






LOT 7 Indiscriminate waste

dumping and

defecation

Separation of waste



waste dump site



management.




Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


109

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



possible.


disposed of.


dumping and

defecation

Separation of waste



waste dump site



management.




possible.


disposed of.

Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


dumping and

defecation

Separation of waste



waste dump site



management.




possible.


disposed of.

Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


110

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and




dumping and

defecation

Separation of waste



waste dump site



management.




possible.


disposed of.

Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


dumping and

defecation

Separation of waste



waste dump site



management.




possible.


disposed of.

Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


dumping and

defecation

Separation of waste



Daily throughout

the construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


111

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



waste dump site



management.




possible.


disposed of.


Environment

6 LOT 1 Siltation of water

bodies resulting from

excavation and

material deposition

Contamination of

water by oil from

vehicles Block flow of

river during

construction of

culverts

Mobile toilet facilities, which will be

provided for the workforce be

maintained, emptied daily and disposed

of at approved sites.

Sewage will be composted in compost

bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and

hays), which can be feed to soils as

source of manure for the community.

The Contractor will ensure that proper

storage facilities are provided at

worksites. They will be leak proof and

fitted round with bunds to prevent

leakage into the water streams.

Development and implementation of

proper Waste Management Plans

(WMPs) by the Contractor (s).

Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.

Ensure that road

signs are placed

along the road

corridors.

Ensure that speed

limits are strictly

adhered to.

Ensure that

vehicles are in

good condition so

as not to pollute

the environment

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment




112

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and






LOT 7 Siltation of water


excavation and

material deposition

Contamination of

water by oil from


river during

construction of

culverts


provided for the workforce will be



Sewage can be composted in compost












Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.

Ensure that road

signs are placed

along the road

corridors.

Ensure that speed

limits are strictly

adhered to.

Ensure that

vehicles are in

good condition so

as not to pollute

the environment

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment



excavation and

material deposition

Contamination of

water by oil from


river during

construction of

culverts


provided for the workforce be



Sewage will be composted in compost






Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.

Ensure that road

signs are placed

along the road

corridors.

Ensure that speed

limits are strictly

adhered to.

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


113

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and









Ensure that

vehicles are in

good condition so

as not to pollute

the environment



excavation and

material deposition

Contamination of

water by oil from


river during

construction of

culverts

















Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.

Ensure that road

signs are placed

along the road

corridors.

Ensure that speed

limits are strictly

adhered to.

Ensure that

vehicles are in

good condition so

as not to pollute

the environment

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment



excavation and

material deposition

Contamination of

water by oil from







Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.

Ensure that road

signs are placed

along the road

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


114

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and




river during

construction of

culverts

hays), which will be fed to soils as










corridors.

Ensure that speed

limits are strictly

adhered to.

Ensure that

vehicles are in

good condition so

as not to pollute

the environment



excavation and

material deposition

Contamination of

water by oil from


river during

construction of

culverts

















Regular check for

adherence to safety

concerns.

Ensure that road

signs are placed

along the road

corridors.

Ensure that speed

limits are strictly

adhered to.

Ensure that

vehicles are in

good condition so

as not to pollute

the environment

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


bodies resulting from Mobile toilet facilities, which will be


Regular check for

adherence to safety

Site Engineer


115

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



excavation and

material deposition

Contamination of

water by oil from


river during

construction of

culverts





hays), which will be fed to soils as










concerns.

Ensure that road

signs are placed

along the road

corridors.

Ensure that speed

limits are strictly

adhered to.

Ensure that

vehicles are in

good condition so

as not to pollute

the environment

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment

7 LOT 1 Noise Pollution from

machine Culvert

excavation, & other

maintenance works

Concrete mixing

machines

Where possible ensure the construction

is limited to day time.

Controlling exposure of workers to noisy

and vibrating equipment

Regulating distance of stationary noisy

equipment from public places

Daily throughout the

construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment






LOT 7 Noise Pollution from

machine Culvert

excavation, & other

Where Possible ensure the construction




construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


116

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



maintenance works

Concrete mixing

machines





Environment


machine Culvert

excavation, & other

maintenance works

Concrete mixing

machines








construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


machine Culvert

excavation, & other

maintenance works

Concrete mixing

machines








construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


machine Culvert

excavation, & other

maintenance works

Concrete mixing

machines








construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


machine Culvert

excavation, & other

maintenance works

Concrete mixing

machines








construction

duration

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


Environment


machine Culvert Where Possible ensure the construction



construction

Site Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-


117

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



excavation, & other

maintenance works

Concrete mixing

machines





duration SPCU


Environment

8 LOT 1 Increased

sedimentation and

runoff

Identify sensitive areas in order to

protect surface water and prevent non-

point source

Ensure that the stipulated water flow and

safe environment designs are adhered to

in the construction.

High flow of water during rain will be

controlled using the stipulated

construction guidelines pollution.

During storm rainfall The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU






LOT 7 Increased

sedimentation and

runoff



point source








Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


118

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



LOT 8 Increased

sedimentation and

runoff



point source








Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 9 Increased

sedimentation and

runoff



point source








Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 10 Increased

sedimentation and

runoff



point source








Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 11 Increased

sedimentation and Identify sensitive areas in order to



Delta State SEEFOR-


119

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



runoff point source







SPCU

LOT 12 Increased

sedimentation and

runoff



point source








Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

9 LOT 1 Risk of accidents to

workers and general

public

Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to

direct traffic flow

Mounting of road signs

Protecting actual working area with

barricade

And Monitoring the implementation of

all management measures


construction duration The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU







120

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



LOT 7 Risk of accidents to

workers and general

public


direct traffic flow



barricade





Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


workers and general

public


direct traffic flow



barricade





Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


workers and general

public


direct traffic flow



barricade





Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


workers and general

public


direct traffic flow



barricade





Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 11 Risk of accidents to Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the The site engineer


121

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



workers and general

public

direct traffic flow



barricade



construction duration Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


workers and general

public


direct traffic flow



barricade





Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

10 LOT 1 Establishment and use

of Base Camp and

other Worksites

Contractor will legally acquire land Base

camp construction, sanitation, use and

maintenance will be according to

specifications

All the contractor’s sites and facilities

will be formally decommissioned to an

approved condition.

Throughout project The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU






LOT 7 LOT 1 Establishment and use of Base Camp and

other Worksites Contractor will

legally acquire land

Base camp

Throughout project


122

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



construction,

sanitation, use and

maintenance will

be according to

specifications

All will

contractor’s sites

and facilities will

be formally

decommissioned to

an approved

condition.


other Worksites Contractor must


Base camp

construction,

sanitation, use and

maintenance will

be according to

specifications

All the contractor’s

sites and facilities

will be formally

decommissioned to

an approved

condition.

Throughout project




Base camp

construction,

Throughout project


123

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



sanitation, use and

maintenance will

be according to

specifications



will be formally

decommissioned to

an approved

condition.




Base camp

construction,

sanitation, use and

maintenance will

be according to

specifications



will be formally

decommissioned to

an approved

condition.

Throughout project




Base camp

construction,

sanitation, use and

maintenance will

Throughout project


124

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



be according to

specifications



will be formally

decommissioned to

an approved

condition.




Base camp

construction,

sanitation, use and

maintenance will

be according to

specifications



will be formally

decommissioned to

an approved

condition.

Throughout project

11 LOT 1 Unacceptable

behavior of workers

could manner

community worker

relationships and

create conflict

Contractor will engage a community

liaison officer

Establish channels of communication

with communities

Listen to complaints, record and track

proposed solutions to problems

Respond promptly to complaints

Throughout

construction

period

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


125

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and








LOT 7 Unacceptable

behavior of workers

could manner

community worker

relationships and

create conflict


liaison officer


with communities




Throughout

construction

period

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 8 Unacceptable

behavior of workers

could manner

community worker

relationships and

create conflict


liaison officer


with communities




Throughout

construction

period

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 9 Unacceptable

behavior of workers

could manner

community worker

relationships and

create conflict


liaison officer


with communities




Throughout

construction

period

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 10 Unacceptable

behavior of workers Contractor will engage a community

liaison officer

Throughout

construction The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-


126

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



could manner

community worker

relationships and

create conflict


with communities




period

SPCU

LOT 11 Unacceptable

behavior of workers

could manner

community worker

relationships and

create conflict


liaison officer


with communities




Throughout

construction

period

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 12 Unacceptable

behavior of workers

could manner

community worker

relationships and

create conflict


liaison officer


with communities




Throughout

construction

period

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

12 LOT 1 Land use issues

arising from displaced

individual and

members of the

community

Recommendations of RAP report will be

followed.

The necessary World Bank safeguard

policy will be implemented based on the

impact of such land use issues.

Three months

before actual

construction

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU





127

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and





LOT 7 Land use issues


individual and

members of the

community


followed.




Three months

before actual

construction

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU



individual and

members of the

community


followed.




Three months

before actual

construction

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU



individual and

members of the

community


followed.




Three months

before actual

construction

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU



individual and

members of the

community


followed.




Three months

before actual

construction

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU

LOT 11 Land use issues arising

from displaced

individual and

members of the

community


followed.




Three months

before actual

construction

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


128

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



LOT 12 Land use issues arising

from displaced

individual and

members of the

community


followed.




Three months

before actual

construction

The site engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU


129

7.1.2.2 Biological Impact

Impact on Flora and Fauna: The impact of the construction phase covers different

aspects of the biological life, which can affect their productivity or even the existence

of some scary local species. This challenge will surface during the process or

vegetation clearance and other construction activities especially during the

construction of campsites. Exposure of the plant surfaces to dust particularly during

the transportation of materials will destroy them as such could impair the ability of the

plants to produce their foods from solar energy (i.e. obstruction of the photosynthesis

process).

In addition, most faunas, which may have created ecological niches for themselves,

will be disturbed especially burrowing mammals, reptiles, amphibians and insects.

This could lead to development of secondary plants and invasive flora such as weeds

coupled with proliferation of opportunist species. Probable mitigation measures could

include proper measures in site identification prior to campsite selection, use of

nurseries to prevent loss of local species, etc. These will be handled in cooperation

with Ministry of Forest Resources and SEEFOR officials. Other measures are stated

in Table 7.3.


130

Table 7.3: Mitigation Measures for the Biological Impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase

S/N Implied

LOT


impact source


1 LOT 1 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest.

2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the

Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned

wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological

departments of Universities, for the housing of

possible animals that may be relocated.

3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred

and raised in available nurseries.

1. Ensure regular environmental

assessment with interest on the

flora and fauna of the project

area.

2. Ensure consistent checks on

the management of waste.

3. The use of chemicals that will

adversely affect the localised

flora and fauna will be totally

avoided.

The Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,


Environment

Environment (FEnv)

NESREA






LOT 7 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest.











area.






avoided.

The Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,


Environment

Environment (FEnv)

NESREA












area.






The Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,


Environment

Environment (FEnv)

NESREA


131

avoided.












area.






avoided.

The Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,


Environment

Environment (FEnv)

NESREA












area.






avoided.

The Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,


Environment

Environment (FEnv)

NESREA












area.






avoided.

The Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,


Environment

Environment (FEnv)

NESREA











area.




The Engineer

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,


Environment

Environment (FEnv)

NESREA


132

and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised


avoided.

2 Impact on wild life 1. Ensuring that all the necessary World Bank

safeguard policies on wild animals and their related

habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such

policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural

Resources and Forest respectively.

2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged

3. Sustainable forest management practices will be

adopted.

4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other

migratory animals will be created within their

various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce

species.

1. Ensure regular cleaning and

clearing of the environment.

2. Apply localised World Bank

safeguard policies with

knowledge and contributions of

stakeholders.

3. Local trees will form the basis

of afforestation plans.

4. Wildlife areas will be created

in an undisturbed zone so as to

avoid forced migration of wild

animals.

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,


Environment

Safeguard Officers of

the State and the

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,

Federal Ministry of

Environment (FEnv),

NESREA






LOT 7 Impact on wild life 1. Ensure that all the necessary World Bank







adopted.




species.






stakeholders.






animals.

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,


Environment


the State and the

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,

Federal Ministry of


133

Environment (FEnv),

NESREA








adopted.




species.






stakeholders.






animals.

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,


Environment


the State and the

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,

Federal Ministry of

Environment (FEnv),

NESREA








adopted.




species.






stakeholders.






animals.

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,


Environment


the State and the

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,

Federal Ministry of

Environment (FEnv),

NESREA











The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,

Federal SEEFOR-


134



adopted.




species.

stakeholders.






animals.

NPCU,


Environment


the State and the

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,

Federal Ministry of

Environment (FEnv),

NESREA








adopted.




species.






stakeholders.






animals.

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,


Environment


the State and the

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,

Federal Ministry of

Environment (FEnv),

NESREA








adopted.




species.






stakeholders.






animals.

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State SEEFOR-

SPCU,

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,


Environment


the State and the

Federal SEEFOR-

NPCU,


135

Federal Ministry of

Environment (FEnv),

NESREA


136

7.1.2.3 Socio-economic Impact

Traffic and transportation impact: Movement of people along the main roads and

other connecting roads will be heavily impacted on during the construction phase.

Invariably, the nature of traffic diversion and movement of heavy-duty trucks and

heavy-duty machinery will impact the threshold traffic and transportation pattern of

the project area. To mitigate the socioeconomic impact of the changes in traffic and

transportation, appropriate measures are stated in Table 7.4.

Accident: This is one of the unavoidable incidences that normally occur during the

construction phase of any project. Movement of materials, equipment, pedestrians,

goods and commodities could lead to accidents. In order to prevent frequent

occurrence of accidents, specific measures will be put in place. These are listed in

Table 7.4.

Employment: This is the most important component of the construction phase that

will positively affect the socioeconomic life of the project areas as a result of to the

diversity of service opportunities the project will yield. However, the influx or

immigration of people of different professions including the local artisans and

labourers will result in indirect adverse impact in the project area. This will bring

indirect implications as well. The level of crime rates recorded might increase, traffic

will increase, rent and property values will increase, prostitution and spread of

diseases will be rampant. In order to mitigate this impact, procedures listed in Table

7.4 are recommended.

Human Displacement: Civil works, bioengineering activities and other intensive

watershed management activities could adversely affect human lives leading to

human displacement due to the nature of the area. In the event of this, the provisions

of the OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement will be triggered, including the

preparation and implementation of an independent Resettlement Action Plan (RAP.).

Other mitigation measures are stated in Table 7.4.


137

Aesthetics: This project will in no small measure affect the environmental aesthetics,

especially during the construction phase. Coming mainly from the civil works, it will

lead to the re-shaping of the aesthetical form of the community. Mitigation measures

are stated in Table 7.4.


138

Table 7.4: Mitigation Measures for the socioeconomic impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



1 LOT 1 Traffic and

transportation impact A good traffic management plan will be

designed and implemented with respect

to safety rules, speed limits, use of road

signs and traffic warnings, guidance on

the need to drive within speed limits as

construction activities are on-going and

heavy duty equipment are moving, etc.

The local community and road users

will also be sensitized of the need to

concur to these rules.

Well designated area for storages, work

depots, campsites, and work sites will be

clearly marked for proper identification.

Information on probable road closure in

some cases will be made public via the

local media – radio and television. In

addition, large billboards and signage.

Implement the traffic

management plan with

respect to local traffic

management strategy.

Information on road

speed will be placed

strategically along the

road.

Information on road

safety will be written in

local language and

English for ease of

communication.

Clear road diversion

tapes and other

information tactics will

be used and devised to

avert traffic logjam.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation






LOT 7 Traffic and







The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU


139

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and


















Information on road



road.

Information on road


local language and

English for ease of

communication.


tapes and other




Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation

LOT 8 Traffic and




















Information on road



road.

Information on road


local language and

English for ease of

communication.


tapes and other

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation


140

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and








LOT 9 Traffic and















some cases will be will be made public

via the local media – radio and

television. In addition, large billboards

and signage.





Information on road



road.

Information on road


local language and

English for ease of

communication.


tapes and other




The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation

LOT 10 Traffic and














Information on road



road.

Information on road

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation


141

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and












local language and

English for ease of

communication.


tapes and other




LOT 11 Traffic and















some cases will be will be made public

via the local media – radio and

television. In addition, large billboards

and signage.





Information on road



road.

Information on road


local language and

English for ease of

communication.


tapes and other




The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation

LOT 12 Traffic and







The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU


142

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and


















Information on road



road.

Information on road


local language and

English for ease of

communication.


tapes and other




Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation

2 LOT 1 Accidents All workers will be sensitised and

monitored on the need to keep the first

rule of civil and construction works which

is safety first.

Ensure that workers are provided with

health and safety equipment – Personal

Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High

visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs,

safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress

on the need to use them always.

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will

be applied during the project activities to

all workers.

On site safety officer will be engaged to

monitor the compliance of workers to

1. Sensitization will be

carried in clear terms

and all workers will

understand safety rules

and regulations.

2. The Standard Operating

Procedure (SOP) will be

summarised and placed

along strategy points on

site for proper guidance.

3. Workers will be allowed

to work smarty and not

late in order to avert

accidents owing to

fatigue.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment


143

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



safety rules.

Working hours will be stipulated and kept

to avoid stress and poor health

management.

Register with hospital and provide a plan

route






LOT 7 Accidents All workers will be sensitised and



is safety first.









all workers.



safety rules.







and regulations.









accidents owing to

fatigue.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment


144

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



management.


route




is safety first.









all workers.



safety rules.



management.


route





and regulations.









accidents owing to

fatigue.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment




is safety first.






and regulations.


The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and


145

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and










all workers.



safety rules.



management.


route








accidents owing to

fatigue.

Environment




is safety first.









all workers.






and regulations.









accidents owing to

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment


146

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and




safety rules.



management.


route

fatigue.




is safety first.









all workers.



safety rules.



management.


route





and regulations.









accidents owing to

fatigue.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment

LOT 12 Accidents All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be


The Contractor

Delta State


147

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and





is safety first.









all workers.



safety rules.



management.


route



and regulations.









accidents owing to

fatigue.

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment

3 LOT 1 Employment Related

Tensions/Conflicts Ensure that individuals from the project

community are given priority to reduce in

any socioeconomic rife from local youths.

Public consultation will be implemented

to address any situation of wrong notion

created by members of the communities.

The campsite for workers will be located

remotely away from the community

particularly away from familiar kin who

might not allow construction activities to

1. Selection of locals as part of

the workforce will be based on

merit and not any inclinations

or any prior suggestions.

2. Clear-cut information on

the need for full cooperation

of the community will be

implemented to avoid

confusion.

3. Proper on site work duties

and safety precautions are

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment


148

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



progress based on project timeline.

Contractors and Project managers will

ensure that the workers are prohibited

from patronising prostitutes and the use of

alcohol and drugs within the site areas.

taken during civil works by all

workers on site.






LOT 7 Employment Related
























confusion.




workers on site.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment











The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of


149

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and

















confusion.




workers on site.

Transportation and

Environment

























confusion.




workers on site.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment










The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State


150

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and


















confusion.




workers on site.

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment

























confusion.




workers on site.

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment










The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State


151

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and


















confusion.




workers on site.

Ministry of

Transportation and

Environment

4 LOT 1

Land use

challenge

s

Not Applicable








LOT 9 Land use challenges

including impacts on

road side traders

emanate from

generating RoWs and

diversions during the

rehabilitation and

construction phase of

1. The affected groups will be included in as

part of the ARAP.

2. Measures will be considered to assure that

the affected groups are integrated into plans

for compensation.

3. Delta state policy provisions on RAP will

be implemented on the affected individuals

or groups.

1. Ensure that, PAPs are

identified in order to

implement the provisions

under the ARAP.

2. ARAP provisions will be

rigorously adhered to.

3. Ensure that, all

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-

SPCU

Federal

SEEFOR-


152

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



the SEEFOR Warri

road project 4. The essential World Bank safeguard

policy will be considered on the impact of

such land use issues.

necessary action are

communicated to

stakeholders in both

English with preferably

local dialect (language)

to enhance perceptive of

the decisions.

NPCU,

Relevant Delta

State and

Federal

Ministries,

Safeguards

Officers of the

Federal and

Delta State

SEEFOR-

SPCU


LOT 11 Land use challenges

including impacts on

road side traders

emanate from

generating RoWs and

diversions during the

rehabilitation and

construction phase of

the SEEFOR Warri

road project

1. The affected groups will be included in as

part of the ARAP.

2. Measures will be considered to assure that

the affected groups are integrated into plans

for compensation.

3. Delta state policy provisions on RAP will

be implemented on the affected individuals

or groups.

4. The essential World Bank safeguard

policy will be considered on the impact of

such land use issues.

1. Ensure that, PAPs are

identified in order to

implement the provisions

under the ARAP.

2. ARAP provisions will be

rigorously adhered to.

3. Ensure that, all

necessary action are

communicated to

stakeholders in both

English with preferably

local dialect (language)

to enhance perceptive of

the decisions.

The Engineer

The Contractor

Delta State

SEEFOR-

SPCU

Federal

SEEFOR-

NPCU,

Relevant Delta

State and

Federal

Ministries,

Safeguards

Officers of the

Federal and Delta

State SEEFOR-

SPCU


153

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and




5 LOT 1 Aesthetics Proper use of engineering practice will be

adopted with the best available

construction technology which recognises

the need to keep local aesthetics.

Further, an engineering expert in the field

of aesthetics will be employed as part of

the team to ensure that environmentally

friendly approach is adopted.

The use of best

technology with

environmental safety

will be prioritised.

Flora and fauna will be

integrated with the

environmental aesthetics

to have a synchronized

provision for the

environment.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of Land,

Physical Planning

and Urban

Development.






LOT 7 Aesthetics Proper use of engineering practice will be








The use of best

technology with




integrated with the



provision for the

environment.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of Land,

Physical Planning

and Urban

Development.




The use of best

technology with


The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU


154

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and










integrated with the



provision for the

environment.

Delta State

Ministries of Land,

Physical Planning

and Urban

Development.









The use of best

technology with




integrated with the



provision for the

environment.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of Land,

Physical Planning

and Urban

Development.









The use of best

technology with




integrated with the



provision for the

environment.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of Land,

Physical Planning

and Urban

Development.




The use of best

technology with


The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU


155

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and










integrated with the

environmental

aesthetics to have a

synchronized provision

for the environment.

Delta State

Ministries of Land,

Physical Planning

and Urban

Development.









The use of best

technology with




integrated with the

environmental

aesthetics to have a

synchronized provision

for the environment.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of Land,

Physical Planning

and Urban

Development.


156

7.1.2.4 Public Health

HIV/AIDS and STDs: It is not inconceivable that the proposed activities could lead

to the proliferation of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDs. This is

because, the influx of people particularly workers from other areas could also

stimulate the propensity to record such health challenges. Thus, social vices, which

affect the health status of the community, could increase within the construction phase

of the project. To address this, mitigation measures have been itemised and are stated

in Table 7.5.

Water-Borne Diseases: These could arise from poor environmental sanitation and

poor hygiene and health consciousness of the workers. Diseases such as cholera,

dysentery, amoebiasis, salmonellosis, etc. could develop as a result of overstretching

existing facilities. The mitigation procedures to curtail or control the challenges

concerning the health challenges are identified in Table 7.5.

Malaria: Pools of stagnant water in an area of high water footprint could stimulate the

required breeding ground for mosquitoes which transmit malaria. During construction

activities, these pools could be created and eventually malaria disease could develop

in the area. To curb the escalation and proper treatment of reported malaria cases, the

measures to be taken are stated in Table 7.5.


157

Table 7.5: Mitigation Measures for the public health impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



1 LOT 1 HIV/AIDS and STDs Liase with health focused NGOs

Provide HIV Voluntary Confidential

Counseling and Testing as well as

appropriate referral linkage for Most At

Risk Populations (MARPS) and already

infected people

Efforts will be made to enlighten the

employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and

STD awareness programme in each of the

project areas.

Medical examinations will be performed

on new employee and repeated regularly

throughout the term of employment.

The contractor will have operating

procedures that control unsafe behaviours

amongst personnel

Initiate assistance for those already

infected or at risk, and conduct

community awareness training.

Support local Blood Transfusion Service

in any health facility located within the

project area, to enable them commence

HIV screening for all donors.

Conduct public health

enlightenment and

counseling sessions.

Conduct medical

examinations for

employees will be

conducted periodically to

ascertain their medical

fitness for the job.

Provide assistance to

workers infected will be

instantaneous as soon as

it is detected.

5. Counsel timely and

periodic for all members

of workforce.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health







158

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



LOT 7 HIV/AIDS and STDs Liase with health focused NGOs

Provide of HIV Voluntary Confidential




infected people




project areas.






amongst personnel








Public health

enlightenment and

counseling sessions will

be conducted.

Medical examinations

for employees will be

conducted periodically to

ascertain medical fitness

for the job.

Assistance for workers

infected will be

instantaneous as soon as

it is detected.

5. Counselling will be

timely and periodic for

all members of

workforce.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health






infected people


enlightenment and


Conduct medical

examinations for

employees periodically

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


159

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and






project areas.

Perform medical examinations will be

performed on new employee and repeated

regularly throughout the term of

employment.



amongst personnel








to ascertain their medical



workers infected as soon

as it is detected.

Conduct timely and

periodic counseling for

all members of

workforce.






infected people




project areas.



enlightenment and


Conduct medical

examinations for






as it is detected.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


160

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and







amongst personnel








Conduct timely and


all members of

workforce.

LOT 10 HIV/AIDS and STDs Liaise with health focused NGOs





infected people




project areas.

Perform medical examinations on new

employee and repeated regularly




amongst personnel



enlightenment and


Conduct medical

examinations for






as it is detected.

Conduct timely and


all members of

workforce.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


161

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and




community awareness training for them.










infected people




project areas.






amongst personnel









enlightenment and


Conduct medical

examinations for






as it is detected.

Conduct timely and


all members of

workforce.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


162

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and








infected people




project areas.

Perform medical examinations on new

employee and repeated regularly




amongst personnel



community awareness training for them.






enlightenment and


Conduct medical

examinations for






as it is detected.

Conduct timely and


all members of

workforce.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health

2 LOT 1 Waste Generation Waste generated at project sites and

camps are the responsibility of the

contactor. Wastes generated will be

separated, kept in bins with lids,

evacuated and disposed off at

government approved sites for such

wastes. Specifically, there will be

Ensure that wastes are

not dumped in any

waterlogged area along

the project axis and

beyond

Keep the environment

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


163

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



provision of appropriate human waste

disposal facilities for the rehabilitation

workers.

Provide good sanitation including proper

waste disposal at its operation and

residential accommodations.

Participate in environmental sanitation

initiatives in communities where its

workers are domiciled.

Avoid any deterioration in public health

and environmental sanitation as a result

of the project.

Involve NGOs and civil societies in

waste management and healthcare

activities.

clean and safe.

Make safety of the

environment will be the

priority of all including

the members of the

workforce.


dumped at designated

sites.

LOT 2





LOT 7 Water-borne diseases Waste generated at project sites and






wastes. Specifically, there will be

provision of appropriate human waste

disposal facilities for the rehabilitation

workers.


not dumped in any

waterlogged area or

along a river.

The environment will be

kept clean and safe.

Safety of the



The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


164

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



Provide good sanitation including proper








of the project.



activities.

the members of the

workforce.



sites.





evacuated and disposed of at government

approved sites for such wastes.

Specifically, there will be provision of

appropriate human waste disposal

facilities for the rehabilitation workers.

Good sanitation including proper waste

disposal at its operation and residential

accommodations.






of the project.


not dumped in any

waterlogged area or river

channels.

Ensure the environment

is clean and safe.

Ensure safety of the

environment is the


the members of the

workforce.



sites.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


165

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



Involvement of NGOs and civil societies

in waste management and healthcare

activities.







wastes. Specifically, provide appropriate

human waste disposal facilities for the

rehabilitation workers.

Ensure good sanitation including proper








of the project.



activities.


not dumped in any


channels.


is kept clean and safe.

Make safety of the



the members of the

workforce.



sites.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health








not dumped in any


channels.



The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


166

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and














of the project.



activities.

Make safety of the

environment the priority

of all including the

members of the

workforce.



sites.

















not dumped in any


channels.



Make safety of the



the members of the

workforce.



sites.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


167

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and





of the project.



activities.


















of the project.



activities.


not dumped in any


channels.



Make safety of the

environment the priority

of all including the

members of the

workforce.



sites.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health

3 LOT 1 Malaria Avoid poor environmental sanitation

habits by members of the contractor’s

workforce.

Ensure that the

environment is clean and

safe. This will be the

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU


168

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



Proper reservoir operation, engage in

disease surveillance and insecticide

sprays to prevent the spread of the

disease vector; conduct routine medical

check-ups and development of medical

facilities.

Support government programmes to

improve existing medical and health

services in the local communities as

much as possible. This should include

Mosquito control programmes such as

the distribution of insecticide treated nets

to affected community members.

Maintenance of good drainage at

construction areas to avoid creation of

stagnant water bodies.


the members of the

workforce.

Ensure regular sanitation

and cleaning of the

workplaces where water

is being used.



sites.

Discourage from usage

of dirty water for

personal use. Clean

water must be used for

all construction

operations.

Keep workers’ residence

clean and safe.

Delta State

Ministries of

Health






LOT 7 Malaria Poor environmental sanitation habits by

members of the contractor’s workforce.

Ensure proper reservoir operation, engage

in disease surveillance and insecticide

sprays to prevent the spread of the

disease vector; conduct routine medical

check-ups and development of medical

Ensure that the




the members of the

workforce.


The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


169

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



facilities.



services in the local communities

supported as much as possible. This

should include Mosquito control

programmes such as the distribution of

insecticide treated nets to affected

community members.




and cleaning of the


is being used.



sites.


of dirty water for

personal use. Clean


all construction

operations.


clean and safe.

LOT 8 Malaria Discourage poor environmental

sanitation habits by members of the

contractor’s workforce.

Provide proper reservoir operation,

engage in disease surveillance and

insecticide sprays to prevent the spread of

the disease vector; conduct routine

medical check-ups and development of

medical facilities.








Ensure that the




the members of the

workforce.


and cleaning of the


is being used.



sites.


of dirty water for

personal use. Clean

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health


170

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and



community members.





all construction

operations.


clean and safe.









medical facilities.








community members.




Ensure that the




the members of the

workforce.


and cleaning of the


is being used.



sites.


of dirty water for

personal use. Clean


all construction

operations.


clean and safe.

The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State

Ministries of

Health





Ensure that the




The Engineer

Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU

Delta State


171

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and







medical facilities.








community members.




the members of the

workforce.


and cleaning of the


is being used.



sites.


of dirty water for

personal use. Clean


all construction

operations.


clean and safe.

Ministries of

Health









medical facilities.





Ensure that the




the members of the

workforce.


and cleaning of the


is being used.



sites.

LOT 9


172

S/N Implied

LOT

Environmental and






community members.





of dirty water for

personal use. Clean


all construction

operations.


clean and safe.









medical facilities.








community members.




Ensure that the




the members of the

workforce.


and cleaning of the


is being used.



sites.


of dirty water for

personal use. Clean


all construction

operations.


clean and safe.

LOT 10


173

7.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase

At the operation and maintenance phase, air quality issues, noise and vibration, water

quality issues, traffic and transportation, health and safety issues will emerge. For

each of these there are specific mitigation measures which are designed to separately

curb the identified adverse impacts.

Maintenance operations: The surface topography may be affected during

maintenance, coupled with earth-shaping activities and equipment on site. With the

nature of the soil of the project area, such alteration is inevitable. The recommended

mitigation measures are stated in Table 7.6.

Air quality: Intensified vehicular traffic owing to the improved nature of the

environment and the concomitant ease of movement in the area irrespective of the

season of the year will stimulate air quality issues. The mitigation measures are stated

in Table 7.6.

Noise and vibration: Increased vehicular traffic and road transportation in the area

could raise the ambient noise and vibration in the area. To curb this effect, the some

measures are recommended in Table 7.6.

Water quality issues: Runoff from roadsides, solid waste and sewage of communities

can be dumped along the drainages designed during the construction. The proximity

of the project area to the nearby stream makes it imperative to have a consistent water

quality measures such as pH levels, turbidity, water colour and other physical

measures are conducted at specific periods of the year. Measures of mitigation are

stated in Table 7.6.

Traffic and transportation: Traffic and transportation activities are seen as having

cumulative effect on road users. The potential increase in the influx of people to and

fro the area also contributes to ambient noise and vibration. In the same medium,

traffic logjams are not unexpected particularly at critical road junctions. The

mitigating measures are stated in Table 7.6.


174

Health and safety: Safety issues are critical at the maintenance stage of the project.

Workers and maintenance contractor will require the services of a health and safety

officer to ensure that the safety measures implemented during the construction phase

are extended to the maintenance phase. This is to ensure continuity of already

designed safety measures and to take care of possible ailing workforce or staff

members on site. Other measures are stated in Table 7.6 below.


175

Table 7.6: Mitigation Measures for Maintenance/Operational Phase

S/N Implied Environmental and social

impact source


1 LOT 1 General maintenance

operations (including

borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps

1. Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the

residents and others members of the communities

such as waste dumps on the roads and drainage

channels.

2. Maintenance operations will be structured

according to environmental safety guidelines of

the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency

and Federal Ministry of Environment.

3. Regular checks will be conducted by

constituted authorities to ascertain the

environmental quality during maintenance

operations.

4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from

government approved sites. There will be clear

decommissioning plan

5. Decommission plan and waste management.

1. Ensure the community

maintain a safe and clean

environment.

2. Ensure that wastes are dumped

in designated waste dumps.

3. Environmental checks will be

consistent and orderly.


Environment, Forestry,

Transport, Works and

Infrastructure

LOT 2 General maintenance


borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps

Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents

and others members of the communities such as

waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels.








operations.







environment.








Infrastructure


176

S/N Implied Environmental and social

impact source




borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.







environment.








Infrastructure



borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.







environment.








Infrastructure


177



borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.







environment.








Infrastructure



borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.







environment.








Infrastructure



borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps








environment.







Infrastructure


178






operations.








borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.







environment.








Infrastructure



borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps












environment.








Infrastructure


179


operations.







borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.







environment.








Infrastructure



borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.






environment.








Infrastructure


180

5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 12 General maintenance


borrow pits and

Workers/Contractors

Camps











operations.







environment.








Infrastructure

2 LOT 1 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers

2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality

particularly air 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be

permitted to use the road in such.

4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb

road-based air pollutant effects

5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be

conducted with respect to air quality parameters.

1. Regular check for adherence to

safety concerns.

2. Ensure that all areas have trees

planted along the road corridors.

3. Ensure that road signs are

placed along the road corridors.

4. Ensure that speed limits are

strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry

LOT 2 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers







conducted with respect to air quality parameters


safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry


2. Ensure periodic checks on ambient environmental


safety concerns.


Environment


181

quality particularly air 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be











strictly adhere to.


Forestry










safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry

LOT 5 Air quality . Use of water sprinklers









safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry










safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry





safety concerns.




Environment


Forestry


182









strictly adhere to.










safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry










safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry










safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry







safety concerns.






Environment


Forestry


183





strictly adhere to.










safety concerns.






strictly adhere to.


Environment


Forestry

3 LOT 1 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will

be limited to day

2. Equipment must be in serviceable states.

1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty

machines to essential works

2. Ministry officials will vet the

environmental noise impacts of

the machines

3. On-site movement heavy

equipment will be minimized



Transport

Works and Infrastructure

LOT 2 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area

should be limited to day




2. Ministry officials should vet

the environmental noise impacts

of the machines


equipment should be minimized



Transport


LOT 3 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will

be limited to day






the machines





Transport



be limited to day






the machines



Transport



184




185


be limited to day






the machines





Transport


LOT 6 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area

should be limited to day




2. Ministry officials should vet

the environmental noise impacts

of the machines


equipment should be minimized



Transport



be limited to day






the machines





Transport



be limited to day






the machines





Transport



be limited to day






the machines





Transport



be limited to day







Transport


186


the machines





be limited to day






the machines





Transport



be limited to day






the machines





Transport


4 LOT 1 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate

to the project area to avoid water pollution cases.

2. Wastewater and sewage will be channeled

appropriately according to safety guidelines.

3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along

the rehabilitated alignment.

1. Ensure that proper waste

management practices are adhere

to;

2. Adherence to the principles of

safe and clean environment will

be taken paramount;

3. Road users will be made to

observe the mitigation measures.


Environment

Forestry

LOT 2 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate








to;



be taken paramount;




Environment

Forestry







to;



Environment

Forestry


187




be taken paramount;





2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled






to;



be taken paramount;




Environment

Forestry









to;



be taken paramount;




Environment

Forestry





3. Solid waste should be dumped indiscriminately

along the rehabilitated alignment.



to;


safe and clean environment

should be taken paramount;

3. Road users should be made to



Environment

Forestry









to;



be taken paramount;




Environment

Forestry






Environment


188





to;



be taken paramount;



Forestry









to;



be taken paramount;




Environment

Forestry









to;







Environment

Forestry









to;



be taken paramount;




Environment

Forestry









to;







Environment

Forestry


189

5 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of

traffic, signage and adequate protection

maintenance workers while discharging their

duties

2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and

the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe

from accidents such as speed limit regulations,

street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are

provided.

3. Road furniture should be provided at

designated bus stops and terminals along the

selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety

for pedestrians and other road users.

1. Implement the traffic

management plan with respect to

local traffic management strategy.

2. Information on road speed

should be placed strategically

along the road.

3. Information on road safety

should be written in local

language and English for ease of

communication.


Transport


LOT 2 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of



duties





provided.










along the road.




communication.


Transport





duties





provided.






along the road.




communication.


Transport



190








duties





provided.










along the road.




communication.


Transport





duties





provided.










along the road.




communication.


Transport





duties







along the road.


Transport



191




provided.








communication.




duties





provided.










along the road.




communication.


Transport





duties





provided.










along the road.




communication.


Transport


LOT 9 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of


192



duties





provided.









along the road.




communication.

Transport





duties





provided.










along the road.




communication.


Transport





duties





provided.







along the road.




communication.


Transport



193



for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 12 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of



duties





provided.










along the road.




communication.


Transport



194

6 LOT 1 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the

workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation

procedures.

2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as

safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety

wears on-site.

3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are

treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre

for proper treatment.

4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health

during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health

should be referred to a nearby medical centre.

5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment

(HSE) officer is available prior to and during

maintenance works.

1. Sensitization should be carried

in clear terms and all workers

should understand safety rules

and regulations.

2. Signs and safety information



comprehension.


Procedure (SOP) should be

summarised and placed along

strategy points on site for proper

guidance.

4. Workers should be allowed to

work smarty and not late in order

to avert accidents owing to

fatigue.


Environment Transport


LOT 2 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the


procedures.



wears on-site.









maintenance works.




and regulations.




comprehension.





guidance.




fatigue.





195



procedures.



wears on-site.









maintenance works.




and regulations.




comprehension.





guidance.




fatigue.






procedures.



wears on-site.









maintenance works.




and regulations.




comprehension.





guidance.




fatigue.






procedures.






and regulations.






196

wears on-site.









maintenance works.



comprehension.





guidance.




fatigue.



procedures.



wears on-site.









maintenance works.




and regulations.




comprehension.





guidance.




fatigue.






procedures.



wears on-site.








and regulations.




comprehension.







197





maintenance works.



guidance.




fatigue.



procedures.



wears on-site.









maintenance works.




and regulations.




comprehension.





guidance.




fatigue.






procedures.



wears on-site.









maintenance works.




and regulations.




comprehension.





guidance.







198


fatigue.



procedures.



wears on-site.









maintenance works.




and regulations.




comprehension.





guidance.




fatigue.




7 LOT 1 Sand Mining at Excavation

site

Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site

Proper decommissioning should be ensured

1 Before construction and at the

end of construction before final

clearance is given to contractor




LOT 2 Sand Mining at Excavation

site










site










site










site










site









LOT 7 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of


199

site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final





site










site










site










200

7.2 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITIES

Well-defined roles and responsibilities and adequate institutional arrangements are

central to the effective implementation of the environmental and social safeguard

measures outlined in the current ESMP. Accordingly, details of institutional

arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the

implementation of the current ESMP are discussed below.

7.2.1 Pre-construction Phase

7.2.1.1 Key Agencies

The Key Agencies with major roles in the implementation of the ESMP during the

pre-construction phase are:

Delta State SEEFOR-PMU As the proponent of this project, the SPMU/Safeguard

officers have the responsibility of ensuring that World Bank Safeguards Policies and

other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with. They also have the responsibility of

ensuring that the ESMP is fully implemented. Supervision of the contractors,

supervisors and site engineer, training of contractors and workers, monitoring of the

implementation of the ESMP etc.

Federal SEEFOR-NPMU,

Delta State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (Works and Infrastructure,

Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry)

Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv), and National Environmental Standards and

Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) - Supervision and compliance

enforcement.

World Bank: Provision of oversight, capacity building of the proponent as needed.

Contractor/Supervisors/Site Engineers: Ensuring that World Bank Safeguards Policies

and other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with on site. Develop and implement

contractors ESMP, ensure that workers consistently use PPE, adequate signages are in

place, traffic is managed, waste generated by the project are collected, transported and

disposed off at government approved sites for such wastes etc.

7.2.1.2 Role of the Agencies Involved

The main responsibility for the implementation of the ESMP lies with the contractor.

However, the monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the ESMP lies with

the contractor in close coordination with SEEFOR PMU . At the preparatory stage


201

ground works and preparatory meetings and consultations are being conducted with

Road rehabilitation Site Monitoring Committee, Community Based Organisations

(CBOs), as well as members of the concerned communities in the project area. The

contractor will liaise with the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU on the issues raised in order

to find a balance in responding to the issues to meet international safeguard polices of

the World Bank. These issues will be communicated to Delta State Ministries with

their respective departments and agencies (MDAs) for prompt action on issues raised.

In the event of displacement of people due to the acquisition of landed properties, the

provisions of the RAP will be implemented. It is assumed that RAP consultant would

have consulted widely prior to the submission of the final report to Delta State

SEEFOR-SPCU.

The implementation of the issues raised will be managed based on the Federal

SEEFOR-NPCU in conjunction with the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU. The World

Bank will provide oversight and guidance as needed.

7.2.1.3 Reporting and Follow-Up

The Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee,

through its secretary should forward the details of the several meetings held to the

Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU. This is to foster a feedback as well as reporting and

follow-up mechanisms for the issues raised and the respective means of their

implementations. The issues raised will be forwarded with the contributions of the

Delta State SEEFOR who would have reviewed the comments within the scope of the

project and their suitability to World Bank requirements. The Contractor will ensure

that the observed comments and notes are implemented strictly as agreed and the

feedback relayed to the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU.

This process continues through a continuous chain of reporting-feedback, follow-up

and response mechanism until the pre-construction phase of the project is completed.

7.2.2 Construction Phase


The Key Agencies with major roles in the implementation of the ESMP during

construction works are:


202

Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU: As the proponent of this project, the SPMU/Safeguard

officers has the responsibility for ensuring that the World Bank Safeguards Policies

and relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with. Ensure that the ESMP is fully

implemented. Supervision of the contributors, supervisors and site engineers, training

of contractors and workers, monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP etc.

Federal SEEFOR-NPCU,

Delta State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (Works and Infrastructure,

Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry)

Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv), and National Environmental Standards and

Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) – Supervision and compliance

enforcement.

World Bank: Provision of oversight, guidance and capacity building of the proponent

as needed.

Contractors/Supervisors/Site Engineers: Ensuring that World Bank Safeguards

Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with on site. Development

and implement contractors ESMP, ensure that workers consistently use PPE, adequate

signage’s are in place, traffic is managed, waste generated by the project are collected,

transported and disposed off at government approved sites for such wastes etc.

In addition to the key agencies, the Delta State Government through the MDAs will

also have a role in general oversight of ESMP implementation.

7.2.2.2 Role of Agencies Involved

The main responsibility for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the

ESMP lies with the Engineer. Therefore, the Engineer, through its Environmental and

Social Specialist (ESS) will be responsible for regular supervision and reporting on

ESMP implementation. The Engineer’s ESS will have access to a team of experts in

different fields (water, soil, social consultant etc) in order to ensure sufficient capacity

to oversee implementation of ESMP.

The implementation of the ESMP will be managed by the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU

through the Environment Officers and (EO) that will be primarily responsible for

daily inspection and monitoring of ESMP implementation.


203

The Delta State Ministries of Works and Infrastructure, Environment and Agriculture

will monitor ESMP implementation on the fundamentals of the internal mechanisms

and policies as established by laws guiding their operations. These institutions may

conduct announced and unannounced site visits with representatives of Federal

SEEFOR-NPCU. The reports of the findings should be forwarded to the World Bank.

The Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv) and NESREA should also send

Environmental Officers and officials monitoring ESMP projects under the Federal

SEEFOR approved projects to observe the level of implementation of the provisions

of the ESMP.

At the local level, the Delta State Ministries of Environment can also pay visits to the

project site to observe and monitor the level of compliance to the provisions of the

ESMP.

7.2.2.3 Reporting and Follow-Up

The follow-up process is duty-based. First, the Environmental and Social Specialists

(ESS) will prepare and document monthly and incident reports that will be submitted

to the Delta State SEEFOR project coordinator for comments, observations, and

recommendations. Then, the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU will send feedback to the

Engineer through the consultant(s) or directly when urgent action is required. In

essence, checking and reporting on the implementation of follow-up action will also

be part of the duties of the ESS.

The contractor in conjunction with the Site Engineer will prepare and submit monthly

reports of the implementation of the ESMP to the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU. The

ESS officers who will advise the project management unit accordingly will vet this

report. In the instance of any discrepancy on environmental issues, the project

coordinator will convene Project Environmental Management (PEM) meeting to

discuss and instruct on the way forward. The Engineer and the Contractor will

participate in the meetings. Wherever possible, representatives of World Bank and

Federal SEEFOR-NPCU will also be invited to such meetings.

7.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase

It must be stated that the mitigation and monitoring activities will not be the sole

responsibility of Delta State SEEFOR or Federal SEEFOR during the operational


204

phase. The Delta State SEEFOR in conjunction with the Federal NEMWAP as the

managing entity of the rehabilitated Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance

site has the responsibility to consider these measures. They also have the

responsibility of bringing these to the attention of other government agencies for their

action as appropriate.


During the operational phase, the key institutions to which Delta State SEEFOR will

enter into collaborative relations are Delta State Ministries which include:

Environment;

Transport;

Works and Infrastructure; and

Police.

Likewise the construction phase the Local government administrative council during

the operational phase will play a role in the general oversight of ESMP

implementation and in ESMP update.

7.2.3.2 Role of Agencies Involved

The responsibilities of the institutions playing a role in the process of the operation of

the rehabilitated Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance monitoring are

stated as follows.

The Monitoring and Supervision Unit of the Delta State Ministry of Environment will

conduct regular visits to the site to examine and verify how the road rehabilitation site

is operated and maintained. Several components such as water, soil, flora and fauna of

the environment, waste management, noise and vibration, air and water quality and

others will be monitored. This will be conducted within the legal and administrative

capacity of the Ministry of Environment through their respective departments, and

agencies.

The Forestry department of the Delta State Ministry of Environment, if applicable,

will conduct regular inspections to check the compliance of the site operators with

afforestation plans which should be in concordance with international standards.

The Ministry of Transport will check the nature of vehicular traffic and road

transportation pattern in the area with respect to transportation safety and vehicular


205

controls. This will be conducted with respect to safety of road users and the residents

of the community.

The Ministry of Works and Infrastructure will conduct regular checks on the nature of

infrastructure provided within the duration of the project and the period of

assessment. The approach will be conducted in such a way as to provide a mechanism

for prompt response and rehabilitation of any of the provided infrastructure within the

road alignment.

The Police should ensure that crime and criminal activities are reduced to the barest

minimum in order to avoid wrong attachment of such events to the proposed SEEFOR

project.

7.2.3.4 Institutional and implementation arrangements for implementing the ESMP at

the local level

At the local level, SEEFOR ESMF vested the overall implementation of the ESMP on

the Site Monitoring Committee. The committee, as mentioned earlier, represents the

interest of the community in the entire process of the proposed intervention. The

Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee has

already been constituted by Delta State SEEFOR and the committee forms a critical

mass of source of information and community liaison during the field activity for the

preparation of this ESMP. The committee has several sub-committees including

women wing and environmental sub-committees.

However, considering the diverse background of the committee members and the

need to for adequate knowledge on the environmental procedure of the proposed

project, the committee and sub-committee members’ need further capacity building

on environmental and social issues on implementation of the ESMP at all stages of

project implementation. Consequently, capacity strengthening and sensitization of the

Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee and the

Environmental sub-committee members are critical to successful implementation of

this ESMP. The content of the training should include but not limited to (i) Role of

community during construction and post contraction (ii) Sustainable practice to ensure

the SEEFOR project stabilization (iii) Implementation of the ESMP at the local level.

The details of training programme are shown in section 6.3.16.


206

7.3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN MEASURES

The subsequent sections of this chapter provide a framework for the content of the

ESMPs envisioned for the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance site. As

the project progresses through the several rehabilitation civil and related construction

works, these EMSP provisions will be expanded to include specific procedures to

guide implementation by Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU personnel and contractors, and

to provide for periodic update as the need arises.

7.3.1 Flora and Fauna Management Plan

The primary purpose of the Flora and Fauna Management Plan is to protect the

biodiversity of the area from any unintended damage due to the rehabilitation

construction and operation. It is also set up to protect the Project personnel from

dangers associated with the native flora and fauna. This plan will include the

following provisions as well as others that may be identified as it is further developed:

Delta State SEEFOR will help to maintain the integrity and quality of biodiversity in

the project area;

The proposed SEEFOR project in Warri is to occur over a period of eight years. Delta

State SEEFOR should plan its development projects in advance to minimize the

impact on the fauna, help identify and control impacts such as flood zones and to

result in a lower amount of biomass to manage;

Delta State SEEFOR shall monitor the general condition of the aquatic habitat

downstream to ensure that its water withdrawals are not creating significant stresses to

that habitat. When this is guaranteed, it shall develop plans to install wells to replace

enough of the surface water usage to mitigate the significant impacts;

Animals shall not be handled, removed, killed or unnecessarily disturbed by the

SEEFOR/World Bank officials or its employees, or by SEEFOR/World Bank’s

contractors’ or their subcontractors’ employees;

Delta State SEEFOR will not tolerate poaching of fauna or flora by its personnel or by

any of its contractors or subcontractors;

Delta State SEEFOR will ensure, through a High Conservation Value study, that all

High Conservation Value Forest sites are properly marked and left untouched;

Delta State SEEFOR shall ensure that the site is kept clean, tidy and free of garbage

that would attract animals;


207

Delta State SEEFOR will assist in protecting the swampy section from liquid effluent

generated in the rice processing centre;

Land clearing operations are expected to drive wildlife away from the clearing

operations for the various Delta State SEEFOR activities. However, if any species,

classified as VU by the Ministry of Environment moves to the project areas is trapped

or hurt during land clearing operations, the Wildlife Division under the Ministry will

be notified to determine whether translocation or other actions are required to save the

individual. Delta State SEEFOR will appropriate allocate funds for such contingency;

In order to decrease the demand for local bush meat, Delta State SEEFOR should take

the following measures:

o decrease hunting pressure by ensuring that adequate supplies of meat, other

than local bush meat, as well as other protein sources are available in stores

and markets within the study area;

o educate its employees on the adverse impacts of hunting and consuming bush

meat;

o to the degree possible, prohibit and enforce prohibitions on hunting inside the

project area;

o sponsor education programmes in local villages about the adverse impacts of

hunting and consuming bush meat; and

o sponsor programmes to transition hunters to other, sustainable livelihood

activities.

In order to reduce the risk of invasive species, the monitoring programme for the

interventions should track what types of invasive species occur, where they occur,

how they were most likely introduced to the area, how they were eradicated, and the

success of the various eradicative measures. If any of the Delta State SEEFOR

officials or contractor identifies a continuing problem with invasive species, it should

determine the root cause of that problem and investigate additional measures to

address it;

Delta State SEEFOR will work with conservation groups and other stakeholders

around the Project Area to help prevent poaching. Initiatives may include hiring

guards, posting signs among others.


208

7.3.2 Waste Management Plan

The primary purpose of the Waste Management Plan is to ensure that wastes

(solid/liquid) are minimized and any waste generated are properly managed and

disposed to avoid damage to the environment. This process can be expressed as

follows:

Minimize waste production as much as possible;

If waste is produced, recycle that waste as much as possible;

If recycling is not possible, the waste should be treated, neutralized, or transformed

into inert materials; and

If this is still not possible, the waste must be disposed in a way not harmful to the

environment or to human beings.

The following summarizes important elements of a Waste Management Plan:

The plan must establish the responsibility for waste management and appoint an

overall Waste Management Supervisor who must be fully trained in the

implementation of Waste Management Plan;

The Delta State SEEFOR must develop a list of all wastes generated at the different

facilities with estimated quantities of each on a monthly basis or other time interval,

particularly those wastes which are hazardous;

The Delta State SEEFOR must provide well labeled storage bins for the different

categories of waste in specially designed plastic or metal bins so that each type of

waste can be treated or disposed of as necessary;

Hazardous Wastes must be properly disposed based on their specific properties as

noted in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and may not be disposed with non-

hazardous wastes;

Hazardous Waste at the Delta State SEEFOR area is expected to be primarily

composed of the following:

o empty chemical substances containers (e.g. fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides);

o empty petrochemical substances containers (e.g. oil, grease, lubricants);

o used lubricants; and

o used towels soaked with oil and grease or lubricants;

Hazardous Wastes cannot be mixed unless specifically noted in the plan;


209

The Delta State SEEFOR must establish a list of accredited waste disposal contractors

and obtain a Certificate of Accreditation from each to ensure that they are operating

legally;

The Delta State SEEFOR must have accredited waste disposal contractors for the

following items and activities:

o used engine oil recycling contractor/facility;

o lead and lead battery recycling contractor (also other heavy metal pollutants);

o tire and rubber recycling contractor;

o plastic recycling contractor, particularly for plastic containers which must be

rinsed prior to disposal (note – do not burn PVC in open air because dioxins

and furans can be generated);

o used batteries (not car and equipment batteries) and e-waste (electronic waste)

recycling/exporting contractor;

o Hazardous Waste incineration contractor (for incineration at high

temperatures in specially constructed incinerators); and

o domestic waste collection contractor;

The Delta State SEEFOR must track all hazardous waste disposal activities using an

appropriate Waste Manifest Form and all completed forms shall be kept for record

purposes;

the Waste Management Supervisor must ensure that periodic inspections are

conducted of waste management practices to ensure compliance with this plan.

The Delta State SEEFOR should periodically (e.g. every six months) reconcile its

estimated disposal quantities with the waste manifests and other records of actual

wastes generated, and investigate any significant discrepancies;

7.3.3 Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan

The Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan will provide guidance for

controlling soil erosion and the transporting of sediment to surface waters that might

occur during construction, rehabilitation and maintenance phases of the SEEFOR

project. Soil erosion is a major soil degradation process which affects the soil quality

not only by directly reducing nutrients and organic matter levels, but also by affecting

soil properties such as infiltration rates. Thus, it is a process which requires adequate

management plan.


210

The Delta State SEEFOR shall monitor the effectiveness of erosion and run-off

control through systematic verification of the compliance with control measures

implemented through monitoring of impacts to surface water quality downstream

(turbidity) and run-off accumulation at streams and natural drainage channels

downstream of construction/rehabilitation fronts.

Erosion and runoff will be minimized through the implementation of the following

types of measures:

Slopes of all cut and fill areas will be rigorously controlled and will at no time be

allowed to be greater than the slope established in the final design;

Temporary protection of exposed soil surfaces with measures such as plastic film,

bio-membranes or other means, will be implemented when necessary;

Vegetated buffer zones will be protected along streams to help control sedimentation;

Site clearing operations will progress in a gradual and phased manner to ensure there

are no large increases in sediment discharge;

While vegetation clearing and earthmoving activities are in progress and permanent

erosion control devices cannot be implemented, temporary erosion control devices

will be used;

As a rule, the only rainwater that will be allowed to flow over cut and fill slopes is

that which falls directly on them. All exposed soil working surfaces will be tilted

towards the base of cut slopes and, where this is not possible, measures such as berms

will be installed at the upper limits of fill slopes to minimize uncontrolled storm water

flow over them;

Inlet structures used to collect storm run-off will be constructed from any suitable

construction material. The structures will ensure efficient removal of design-storm

runoff in order to avoid interruption of construction during or following storms and to

prevent erosion resulting from overtopping of the inlet;

Piles of soil or other materials will be allowed for short periods of time and will be

located only in flat areas and away from any storm water courses. Only topsoil piles

will be allowed to remain for extended periods and protected from rainfall;

Permanent erosion control may be achieved through measures such as terracing along

with a re-vegetation programme. The terraces would consist of low, broad-based earth

levees constructed approximately parallel to the contours designed to intercept


211

overload flow before it achieves great erosive force and to conduct it to a suitable

discharge point;

Erosion protection such as riprap or sacked concrete may be used around culvert

entrances;

Above all, all geomorphologic, hydraulic and hydrologic, and civil engineering

preparations with respect to the site, must be designed in line with the ESMP

procedures to have an environmentally-friendly, coherent and consistent engineering

design and implementation for the project area;

Storm water will be controlled through the implementation of the following types of

measures:

Careful considerations will be given to the drainage of all roads, facility areas, borrow

pits, and surplus soil deposit areas;

All flow of storm water over exposed soil surfaces will be along pre-established paths

that will not interfere with vehicle and other activities and will contain breakers and

other devices to control flow velocity. Hydraulic stairs, drop structures or other

energy dissipation structures will be used when necessary to convey storm water to

lower grounds; and

All storm drainage will be discharged via surface drainage systems. Maximum use of

natural drainage features will be used. Runoff from cleared areas will be collected in

open channels or ditches for removal from the immediate area. The use of buried pipe

will be minimized and buried pipes will be day-lighted to open channel drains as soon

as practical.

7.3.4 Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan

The Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan will be required both

during the implementation phase and operations. For both phases, the following will

be incorporated, as appropriate:

All workers at work fronts will receive weekly safety orientations that last at least 15

minutes. If significant accidents occur or other health and safety issues arise, these

orientations may be supplemented;

The training status for all workers will be recorded;

During the new employee orientation process, all workers will receive health and

safety training on standard work processes and other health and safety requirements

applicable to their work activities;


212

Health and safety training will be detailed in the Integrated Health and Safety Plan

(IHSP) that will specify the contents, target groups, frequency and forms of evaluation

of each type of training to be applied. It will include at least the following modules:

o Induction health and safety training;

o Community relations training;

o First aid;

o Venomous animals;

o Use of PPE; and

o Safe Work Procedures.

7.3.5 Water Management Plan

The Water Management Plan will address the appropriateness of water conservation,

protection of water resources, responsibly using surface water and groundwater for

farming and farming activities plantation and mill purposes, and practicing rainfall

harvesting. The important aspects of this plan will be:

Implementation of the measures contained in the Waste Management Plan to ensure

that all wastes generated on the site are properly stored and disposed to control

adverse impacts to surface and groundwater by liquid effluents or by leachate from

solid wastes;

Training of all workers to ensure that they understand the significance of protecting

all water sources;

Monitoring significant effluent streams on a periodic basis to ensure that they meet

applicable discharge requirements;

Developing and implementing a site-specific water quality monitoring plan for both

surface water and groundwater to ensure that management measures are achieving the

desired results;

Implementation of measures contained in the Erosion and Sedimentation Management

Plan to control sedimentation of surface water resources and minimize the loss of

nutrients and therefore the need for chemical fertilizers;

Implementation of the measures contained in the Chemical Management Plan to

ensure that all chemicals used on the site are used properly and in the minimum

necessary quantities to control adverse impacts to surface and groundwater; and


213

Development of parameters for the installation of water wells to ensure that the wells

meet all applicable national standards and that they do not have significant adverse

impacts on other groundwater users.

7.3.6 Air Quality Management Plan

The Air Quality Management Plan will include the following important aspects:

Noise levels in mills and other Project areas shall meet the requirements of both

Federal and Delta State Ministries of Environment;

All Project vehicles used for transportation will be properly maintained and fitted with

standard pollution control equipment to minimize emissions; and

Delta State SEEFOR will avoid the use of ozone depleting substances for uses such as

coolants or cleaning operations;

7.3.7 Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan

The Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan will ensure that all

vegetation clearing and biomass management for all aspects of the Project activities

will be conducted in accordance with detailed procedures that will meet the

requirements of Nigeria as well as international best practices.

Site clearing for construction and campsite construction (where applicable) and other

infrastructure development can damage the habitats of terrestrial flora and fauna

species. If clearing is not done properly, it could result in the removal of ecologically

important habitats and species. The conversion of forests, even secondary, reduces

biodiversity, with species reductions occurring for insects, birds, reptiles, and soil

microorganisms.

This plan will include procedures for the following:

Delineating areas to be cleared;

Delineating areas to be protected;

Specifying methods for clearing in various types of areas or terrain, including

methods to allow fauna to relocate out of the area to be cleared;

Specifying methods for best utilization of merchantable timber;

Specifying procedures for ensuring that non-timber forest products are reasonably

utilized by local villagers before or immediately after areas are cleared; and


214

Specifying procedures for utilizing and/or disposing of the biomass generated by the

clearing activities.

This plan will be used in conjunction with the Employment, Training, and Awareness

Management Plan and the Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan to ensure

that workers/farmers, the environment, and surrounding communities are protected.

7.3.8 Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan

The Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan will include procedures for

addressing all reasonably foreseeable and possible emergencies such as:

Fires;

Floods;

Spills or releases of hazardous chemicals or wastes to the groundwater or surface

water;

Medical emergencies; and,

Other weather-related emergencies.

The Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan will define the methods of

intervention and required resources to be implemented by Delta State SEEFOR in the

event of an accident to protect staff and property and to prevent harmful effects on the

local population and the environment. As part of the plan, Delta State SEEFOR will

facilitate the alert of rescue services and inform the competent relevant authorities.

Spills are the release of substances (solids or liquids) in a magnitude that could cause

substantial negative effects to the system receiving it; the system in question could be,

for example, soil, river, lake, sea or the atmosphere. The spill response aspects of the

plan will be outlined for all employees who will be trained in specific spill response

procedures for the substances for which they are responsible. The impacts of spills

can have very adverse effects on the environment and humans.

Spills can occur during many of the typical operations such as: refueling of

equipment, painting, changing oil, during transfer of the liquids or solid from

container to another, rinsing drums containing liquid or solid that is harmful. They

may also occur as a result of a burst hose or pipe, the malfunctioning of an overflow

valve of a tank or road accident of a fuel tanker. The Emergency Response and


215

Incident Management Plan will include the following features to address spills or

release of hazardous materials:

Identify the personnel responsible in the event of a spill as well as a hierarchy for

notifications both within the commercial agriculture as well as government and

emergency response personnel;

Provide the structure for a spill response organization;

Characterize the different types of materials and potential quantities of spills that

could occur as a result of the project activities;

Outline spill response procedures as well as equipment, protective equipment,

supplies, and materials to support the response;

Provide specific training guidelines and procedures for personnel to ensure a safe and

effective response to potential spill events; and

Provide training guidelines for recovery and disposal of all materials contaminated in

the event of a spill.

The Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan will also define the

procedures, training, supplies, and materials for designated personnel to respond to

fires, medical emergencies, and other significant emergencies or incidents during both

construction and operations of various project activities.

7.3.9 Cultural Heritage Management Plan

The Cultural Heritage Management Plan will ensure that known cultural sites are

identified and adequately protected. It will also ensure that a procedure is put in place

for identifying any unknown or unmarked sites that may be encountered during

development (Chance Find Procedure).

In order to mitigate impacts on known sites, Delta State SEEFOR will demarcate,

along with each affected village and community, the cultural and sacred sites used by

that village and community for traditional practices, so that those sites can be

excluded from any vegetation clearing or other constructive activities.

During the course of construction, if any artifact or human remains are discovered,

work in the immediate vicinity of such artifacts shall be stopped immediately and

Delta State SEEFOR will implement a Chance Find Procedure that will include the

following:


216

Delta state SEEFOR will engage Archeologists and Anthropologists to examine,

recover and preserve evidence and artifacts affected through relevant Ministry.

Delta State SEEFOR’s HSE coordinator will take logical safety measures to avert any

person from removing or damaging any such item;

all work will be motivated at least 30 meters away from the artifact, or outside the

boundaries of the site containing the artifact;

the local Chiefs and Government Officials will be notified to determine whether it is

considerable from a cultural perspective;

if the artifact emerges to be pre-historic, the countrywide museum will be notified;

and, proper actions will be considered after consulting the relevant ministry.

7.3.10 Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan

The Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan will include the following provisions:

The Delta State SEEFOR will place speed limits and appropriate road signage along

all Project roads;

The Delta State SEEFOR will enforce speed limits for safety, air quality, and noise

purposes both on the Project site and beyond;

All Delta State SEEFOR drivers should be trained by a road safety specialist; and,

All vehicles should be properly maintained and undergo periodic safety inspections.

.

7.3.11 Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan

The Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan for the Project will comply with

all Delta state requirements as well as international best practices. It will address

measures for hygiene, health, and safety at the work place and include an ongoing

training programme for all employees’ project beneficiaries. Delta State SEEFOR will

provide the necessary safety equipment to its employees. The plan will address issues

such as:

The proper provision and use of personnel protective equipment (PPE) such as safety

boots, respirators, eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, and hardhats;

Analysis of risks associated with job activities in order to develop standard

requirements for PPE on a job-specific and station-specific basis;


217

Provision of training on the proper use of PPE and penalties for the improper use of

PPE;

Training on the proper and safe use of all equipment in workshops, garages, the

plantation, nurseries, and mills;

Physical barriers so that unauthorized personnel are not admitted to areas where

dangerous equipment is in use;

Training related to job-specific risks and activities; including:

Electrical installations (e.g. electric shock on direct contact with conductors and

indirect contact with masses powered up, burns, fire and explosion);

Mechanical equipment (e.g. tool blasting or matter risk, crushing of fingers, wounds,

equipment shock);

Lifting devices (e.g. crushing risk, injury caused by appurtenances, falling, collision);

Machinery and vehicles (e.g. risk of accident on contact with other materials, collision

with or knocking down of persons, obstacle shock, fall by the operator, collision with

a vehicle or machine);

Hand tools, electric or other welding equipment (e.g. risk of injury, electrocution,

poisoning, dazzle);

Workshops and garages (e.g. risk of mechanical injury, shock and collision with

machines);

Sterilizers and boilers (e.g. risk of burns due to heat and steam from furnace,

explosion risk);

Power plant, processing lines and workshops (e.g. noise-related risks, electrocution

risk); and

Provision of properly trained and equipped first aid personnel including a well-

stocked pharmacy, a treatment room with beds, and an ambulance for any worksite

injuries.

7.3.12 Community Health & Safety Plan

The purpose of the Community Health and Safety Plan is to address the potential

impacts on the human population living in and around the farm settlement. These

mitigation measures include:

Construction activities can draw significant number of single men and others attracted

by the opportunity to provide goods and services to construction workers and project

beneficiaries with disposable income. Some of these activities such as alcohol, drugs,


218

and sex trade can lead to increased crime and diseases, including HIV/AIDS.

Therefore, Delta State SEEFOR will attempt to recruit most of its construction

workers from the immediate area, thus minimizing the number of single men

migrating elsewhere to seek employment;

The Delta State SEEFOR will also ensure that it and its contractors provide adequate

training and enforcement codes of conduct to minimize worker participation in risky

activities such as sex trade, drugs, and alcohol;

The Delta State SEEFOR will conduct sensitization of local communities regarding

potential impacts from construction workers and inform those communities about the

terms and conditions of Delta State SEEFOR’s worker Code of Conduct;

The Delta State SEEFOR will conduct community training and awareness

programmes to ensure that the local population understands the risks of participating

in risky economic activities for short-term economic gain;

The Delta State SEEFOR will align with local Government Councils to ensure that

they fully understand the risks of large-scale construction activities and support its

efforts from a law enforcement perspective;

The Delta State SEEFOR will work closely with the health districts of the Ministry of

Health in the State and promote sensitization campaigns to help the local population

avoid risky activities. It will also work closely with the health districts to monitor the

incidence of diseases and other health measures that have indicated a need for further

intervention to protect community health and safety.

7.3.13 Stakeholder Engagement Plan

As part of the ESMP, the Delta State SEEFOR has been implementing its Stakeholder

Engagement Plan since the inception of the Project invention. This includes the

following major considerations:

Identification of Project stakeholders;

Summary of past consultation efforts;

Planned consultation efforts to prepare for construction activities;

Stakeholder engagement during construction;

Stakeholder engagement during operations;

Resources for stakeholder engagement;

Monitoring and reporting on stakeholder engagement; and


219

Formation of the site monitoring committees particularly the Warri metropolis road

rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee.

In conjunction with its Stakeholder Engagement Plan, Delta State SEEFOR will

develop and implement a grievance procedure that will include the following

components:

Anyone may contact the Project, in person, by email, or by telephone to submit a

grievance;

Contacts about grievances may be by the affected person or through an agreed local

liaison committee;

All complaints will be documented by Delta State SEEFOR and tracked to resolution,

and information on the status will be available to the person making the complaint;

The Delta State SEEFOR will investigate the complaint, using technical assistance if

necessary, and determine the response including, if applicable, proposed actions;

The Delta State SEEFOR will inform the person making the complaint, either

verbally or in writing, of proposed actions (if any);

Prior to construction, Delta State SEEFOR will work with stakeholders to develop a

binding arbitration system for resolving complaints;

The grievance mechanism will inform complainants of their options if the complaint

cannot be resolved;

The Delta State SEEFOR will strive to investigate and resolve complaints promptly;

There will be no cost to the person presenting the complaint;

All complaints will be treated with appropriate confidentiality;

Complaints will be investigated and resolved without retribution to the complainant or

other persons; and,

Project personnel, especially those who have contact with the public, will be

briefed/trained about the grievance procedure, including who to contact within the

Delta State SEEFOR or the Delta State Government about a complaint.

7.3.14 Training Programmes

The Delta State SEEFOR will develop, implement, and track training programmes at

both PMU and community levels. Table 7.8 describes the institutional capacity


220

strengthening plan that Delta SEEFOR should followed at both the PMU and

community levels. The programme should include but not limited to:

Safeguards training for the entire PMU on World Bank safeguard policies triggered

by the SEEFOR;

Training of PMU on Implementation of all emergency response procedures, as

identified in the Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan; and

Training on Health, Environment, Safety, and Security Management Plan for PMU.

Community / PAP training on general environmental awareness. However, to build

the capacity of both the PMU and the community, Delta State SEEFOR should

develop, implement, and track training programmes

Table 7.8: Institutional Capacity Strengthening Plan

Target Audience Description Application Duration

PMU Training

PC, Environment and

safeguards specialist,

Project engineer and

Social safeguards

specialist

In-depth understanding of

the mitigation measures

proffered by the ESMP.

Personnel require

appreciation of WB’s,

Federal/State

environmental policies, as

well as, an application of

these policies in

implementing the World

Bank support for Warri

metropolis road

rehabilitation/maintenance

control.

Three days

seminar

Community Project

beneficiaries

General environmental

awareness seminar that will

include ecological and social

science principles, legal

responsibilities,

consequences of non-

sustainable development and

costs of poor environmental

decisions as it affect Warri

metropolis road

rehabilitation/maintenance

site. Mitigation measures

proffered in the ESMP.

By the SEEFOR

institutional arrangement,

the target audience will be

responsible for site

monitoring and liaising

between community and

the Delta State SEEFOR

as well as contractors.

1 day

workshop

7.4 Monitoring and Evaluation

The Project will develop a detailed Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan to

monitor key elements of both the biophysical and human environments. The purpose

of this monitoring will be to ensure that significant impacts were correctly identified

in the assessment process, and to monitor the effectiveness of the mitigation


221

measures. The results of monitoring activities will be regularly reviewed to determine

if existing management measures are adequate, or if those measures should be

revised, deleted, or supplemented.

Monitoring will include aspects such as:

Water quality of the effluent streams discharged from the construction activities;

Water quality and general aquatic health of streams receiving effluents from the

construction activities;

Invasive species;

Bush meat sales in local markets;

Interactions between local fauna such as birds and the plantation to determine if

additional mitigation measures are required and if implemented, how effective they

are working;

The effectiveness of waste management activities;

The effectiveness of sediment and erosion control measures and of storm water

management measures;

All clearing activities for compliance with the Vegetation Clearing and Biomass

Management Plan;

Implementation of the Cultural Heritage Management Plan and associated Chance

Find Procedure;

Compliance with the Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan;

Health and safety indicators, including accidents, for all workers and farmers working

in the Project;

Grievances of workers, farmers and the local community;

Health indicators in the local communities to inform any modifications to the

Community Health and Safety Plan; and

Flora and fauna in the project Area.

Table 7.9 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures

Parameter Responsibility Frequency Cost ($) Source of fund

Effluent discharged

from the construction

activities

SEEFOR (Env.

Officer)

Weekly 1,000 Delta SEEFOR

Effectiveness of waste

management plan

SEEFOR (Env.

Officer)

Weekly 1,000 Delta SEEFOR

Local Flora and Fauna SEEFOR (Env. Quarterly 1,000 Delta SEEFOR


222

Parameter Responsibility Frequency Cost ($) Source of fund

issues Officer)

Effectiveness of

sediment and erosion

control measures

SEEFOR (Env.

Officer)

Annual 1,000 Delta SEEFOR

Effectiveness of storm

water management

measures

SEEFOR (Env.

Officer)


Land clearing

activities

SEEFOR (Env.

Officer)

As the need

arise

1,000 Delta SEEFOR

Implementation of the

Cultural Heritage

Management Plan and

associated Changes

SEEFOR (Social

Officer)


Health and safety

indicators including

community health

issues

SEEFOR

(SEEFOR Env.

Officer /

Consultant)


Grievances of workers,

PAPs and the local

communities;

SEEFOR

(SEEFOR Social

Officer

Consultant)

As the need

arise

1,000 Delta SEEFOR

TOTAL 10,000

7.5 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

The implementation schedule is necessary to give a clear-cut direction on the timeline

of implementation of the stipulated mitigation measures. It is expected that each of the

stated measures should be time-based for proper implementation and apt monitoring.

Table 7.10 below documents the schedule for the mitigation measures with respective

time lapse.


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Table 7.10: ESMP Implementation Schedule

S/N Mitigation measures Mitigation timeline

1. Pre-construction phase

I. Acquisition of land

A month (4 weeks) prior to initiation of


II. Community perception of the project Six weeks before the commencement of


2. Construction phase

1. Environmental impacts(including

landslide, rock cave-in, mudflow/flooding,

soil impact, in situ waste, land use,

channelization of floodwaters, topographic

alterations, air quality, water quality, and

increased sedimentation)

All through the duration of the

construction period

2. Biological impacts particularly impact on

flora & fauna and wildlife.


construction period

3. Socioeconomic impacts including traffic

and transportation, accident, employment,

human displacement, and aesthetics.


construction period

4. Public health impacts including HIV/AIDS

& STDs, water-borne diseases, malaria.


construction period

3. Operation and maintenance phase

Air quality, noise and vibration, water

quality, traffic & transportation, and health &

safety


operation & maintenance period

7.6 ESMP COSTING AND COST ANALYSIS

The cost analysis presented in this section is designed for each of the identified

mitigation measures to be effective and efficiently implemented. It is designed

specifically for each of the activity itemised for each of the phases of the proposed

SEEFOR project Warri. Thus, it covers the preconstruction phase, the construction

phase as well as the maintenance and operation phase mitigation measures. Hence the

cost is designed for a global spread across the stated measures. Table 7.11 below

presents the synoptic details of the ESMP costing.


224

Table 7.11: Cost Analysis of the Warri metropolis road

rehabilitation/maintenance ESMP Implementation

S/N ESMP Activities based on stated mitigation measures Cost Estimate ($)

1 Pre-construction phase

Acquisition of land;

Community perception of the project.

-

1,500

TOTAL 1,500

2 Construction phase

(a) Environmental impacts including dust generation,

vegetation control, soil impact, in situ waste, land use,

siltation of waterbodies, noise pollution, air quality, water

quality, and increased sedimentation.

(b) Biological impacts particularly impacts on flora & fauna

and wildlife.

(c) Socioeconomic impacts including traffic and transportation,

accident, employment, human displacement, and aesthetics.

(d) Public health impacts with respect to HIV/AIDS & STDs,

water-borne diseases, malaria.

3,700

400

1,350

850

TOTAL 6,300

3 Operation and maintenance phase 1,255

4 Preparation of Monitoring Plans 20,500

5 Institutional Capacity Strengthening Programme

SPCU 2,000

Community 1,000

Sub-Total 3,000

Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 10,000

Grand Total 42,500


225

CHAPTER EIGHT

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study has provided a well-defined procedure, including action plans to incorporate

environmental and social considerations into the proposed road rehabilitation project in the

Warri metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria. It measures the basic biophysical and social baseline

information of the proposed intervention site, identifies sensitive environmental parameters

that may be impacted on at the various phases of project development and provides the

necessary mitigation measures for such identified impacts. However, since the development

objective of SEEFOR is to maintain and rehabilitate road network in the Warri metropolis,

the ESMP for the proposed road maintenance and rehabilitation adequately provides the

guidelines for achieving the SEEFOR objectives without compromising the tangible and

intangible human and environmental values within the project area.

The study has established that most residents in the urban part of the metropolis are engaged

in commercial and other ancillary activities while those in the rural parts are engaged in rain-

fed smallholder farming activities. During the data gathering process, participants generally

appraised their living standard and socio-economic status as “average”, which is typical of an

urban environment.

The residents of the Warri metropolis significantly expressed their desires for the

intervention, calling for better drainage system and cleaner access road to enhance their

socio-economic life. The proposed Warri metropolis road maintenance/rehabilitation

intervention is a welcome development by the affected communities. This ESMP therefore

recommends the execution of the proposed SEEFOR intervention project in the study area

and the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed for the project.


226

Appendix I

QUESTIONNAIRE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

ON

State Employment and Expenditure for Result (SEEFOR)

FOR WARRI Metropolis, DELTA STATE

Dear Respondent,

Thank you for taking the time to complete the following survey! The purpose of this survey is

to gain valuable insight from the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) on the Environmental and

Social Management Plan (ESMP) of SEEFOR project activities. This is your chance to tell us

what you think!

NOTE:

Please read each question carefully. Your answers are completely confidential and will be

included only in summaries where individual answers cannot be identified. Unless otherwise

instructed, please tick appropriate answer category that best describes your opinion. It will

take approximately 20 minutes to complete this questionnaire.

Settlement/Community: ……………………………….. State/L.G.A:

…….………………………………………….…………

Name of Interviewer: ……..…………….……………… Date:

……………..……………………………………………

SECTION A: Household data

1. Gender of Respondent :(a) Male (b) Female

2. Age: (a) < 18 yrs. (b) 18-45 yrs. (c) 46-65 yrs. (d) Above 66 yrs.

3. Marital Status: (a) Single (b) Married (c) Divorced/Separated

(d) Widowed

4. Residential Status: (a) Permanent Resident (b) Back Home (Returnee)

(c) Non Resident, Visiting

5. Ethnic Group: (a) Urhobo (b) Itsekiri (c) (d) Others, specify………

6. Religion: (a) Islam (b) Christianity (c) Traditional

7. Education: (a) None (b) Primary School (c) Secondary School

(d) Tertiary (Excluding University) (e) University Graduate

(f) University Post Graduate

8. Relationship to HH: (a) Self (b) Spouse (c) Child (d) Parent

(e) Other, specify

9. Type of HH (a) Normal (Father) (b) Woman (c) Child

10. Size of the HH ……………………………

No. of Adults (Above 18) Men Women

No. of Children (below 18) Boys Girls

11. Occupation: (a) Famer (b) Daily Labourer (c) Trading & Shop Keeping

(d) Artisans (e) Employed (salary)


227

(f) Self Employed (g) Social Support (h) unemployed

(i) Others specify………………

12. How long have you been living in this area?

(a) 0-2 yrs (b) 3-5 yrs. (c) 6-9 yrs. (d) 10 yrs. and Above

13. If non-resident, please state your actual location:…………………..

(Location/LGA/State)

Education

1.1 Does anyone in the household

currently attend school (If no,

skip to Section B)

A Yes b No

1.2. Where do the children go to

school? (Place name)

School Category Number

a Primary

B Junior High

c Senior High/ Tech/

Voc

d Post-Secondary

1.3. How long does it take to get

to school?

(Note response to each school

accessed)

a <5 mins

b 5-15 mins

c 15-30 mins

d 30-60 mins

e 60+ mins

1.4. What method of transport is

used to get to school?

(Note response to each school

accessed)

a Foot

b Bicycle

c Mini bus

d Taxi

e Private Car

f Okada

g Tri-cycle

SECTION B: HEALTH STATUS

1. What is your present state of health? (a) poor (b) good (c) very good

2. If poor, is your state of health affected in any way by the condition of the road?

(a) Yes (b) No

3. If yes, in what way? (a) Catarrh (b) Cough (c) Eye problem (d) Malaria

(e) Water-borne diseases (f) Others, Specify……………………...

4. How do you manage your health conditions when sick?

(a) Attend hospital/clinic (b) Buys drugs from nearby chemist

(c) Traditional medicine (d) None (e) Others Specify………….


228

5. If you do attend hospital/clinic, when last did you visit one?

(a) last six months (b) last one year (c) last five years

(d) more than five years ago (e) Never visited one.

6. Please tick one or more of the under-mentioned ailment/sickness, you suffer from

most accordingly?

7. Degree

Ailment

Alway

s

Sparingly Seldo

m

Never Degree

Ailment

Alwa

ys

Sparingl

y

Seldom Never

Whooping

Cough

Rheumatism

Tuberculosi

s

Rashes

Asthma Eczema

Dysentery Ringworm

Diarrhoea Eye pains

Cholera Cataract

Pile Glaucoma

Hypertensio

n

Typhoid fever

Congestive

health

problem

Malaria

Pneumonia Sickle cell

anemia

Sexually

transmitted

diseases

Epilepsy

SECTION C: STANDARD OF LIVING / SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

1. Assets

1.1 Do you have any of the following items

Quantity Quantity

a. radio / tape

recorder

k. beds

b. television

l. furniture set

c. DVD player

m. fan

d. telephone (land

line)

n. computer

e. mobile phone o. generator

f. stove

p. mosquito nets

g. fridge

q. insect screens

h. fishing traps

r. hunting trap

i. fishing nets s. other hunting

equipment

j. fishing hooks t. other (specify)

1.2 What sort of transport does your family own

Quantity Quantity


229

a. bicycle

f. car

b.

motorcycle/okada

g. truck

c. canoe

h. taxi

d. boat i. bus

e. tri-cycle j. other (specify)

1.3 What mode of transport do you frequently use

a. bicycle

f. car

b.

motorcycle/okada

g. truck

c. canoe

h. taxi

d. boat i. bus

e. tri-cycle j. other (specify)

1.4 What sort of housing does your household live in?

a. Construction material - Walls

Plastered mud c. Number of

rooms

1-2

Cement

blocks

3-4

Other

(specify)

Other

(specify) b. Construction material - roofing

Corrugated

roofing

d. Other

structures on

plot

Animal Pen

Aluminium Granary

Asbestos Shops

Tile

Kiosks

Other

(specify)

Other

(specify) e. Construction material - floor

Earthen

Concretes

Tiles

Other (specify)

f. Toilet Facility Pit latrine

Water closet

Toilet facility outside dwelling

Pier latrine

Other (specify)

None

g. Tenure of housing Owned

Rented

Occupied rent free

Other

h. Tenure of land Owned

Rented

Occupied rent free

Lease hold

Others specify

2. Indicate your household refuse disposal for solid waste?

(a) Depositing refuse at backyard of the house (b) Dumping in water body

(c) Dumping in community refuse/garbage pit/dumpsite

(d) Burning after gathering together (e) Waste collector

(f) Others, please specify……………………..


230

2.0 Household Services

2.1 Rank in order of availability and usability the source(s) of lighting for the household?

(Please use 1, 2,...in hierarchical order with 1 indicating the most available and used

source)

(a)

PHCN

(b)

Generator

(c)

Lantern

(d)

Candle

(e)

Palm

Oil

Lamp

(f)

Torchlight

Battery

(g)

Wood

(h)

Kerosene

(i)

Gas

2.2 Using the method in 2.1,indicate major source of energy for cooking?

(a) Fire

Wood

(b)

Coal

(c)

Kerosene

(d)

Electricity

(e)

Animal

dropping

(f) Gas (g) Crop

Residue/saw

dust

Others

3.0 Sources of Water

for

drinking

for cooking For bathing and

washing a. Lagoon

Yes No Yes No Yes No

b. Well


c. Borehole


d. Water pump Yes No Yes No Yes No

e. Community tap Yes No Yes No Yes No

f. Piped water outside

dwelling


g. River Yes No Yes No Yes No

h. Rain harvesting Yes No Yes No Yes No

i. Water vendor Yes No Yes No Yes No

j. Tanked water Yes No Yes No Yes No

k. Others(specify)


4.0 Income

State your main income per month N

4.1 Remittances

1. Does anyone in the family who lives elsewhere send

money to you?

1 Yes 2 No

2. If yes, how much (per month) N

5.0 Other Income

1. Do you have other income streams Yes

Yes

No

No 2. If yes, please specify the amount? N

7.0 Total Income

1 What is the total household monthly income (all

activities)? N


231

7. In your opinion, how has the standard of living of your household changed over the

previous three years?

(a) Same (b) Better (c) Worse

8. Is the option in 7 propelled by the condition of the road? (a) Yes (b) No

9. If 8 is yes, do you think the proposed project activities will improve the situation

(a) Yes (b) No

10. If 9 is yes, specify how the project will improve the situation……………………….…

11. How do you ensure gender equity in the community

(a) women are elected in public office

(b) females are given equal opportunity and access to education and employment

(c) quotas on genders are ensures in leadership of community based organizations

(d) others specify.

SECTION D: RESOURCES/ CULTURAL PROPERTY

1. Please indicate the environmental problems which your settlement/community would

likely experience and whose cause can be linked to the SEEFOR project activities

during project construction?

(a) Poor drainage system (b) Bad road (c) Low visibility

(d) Erosion Problems (e) Flooding (f) environmental degradation

(g) Destruction of infrastructures (h) encroachment of land properties

(i) Pollution (air, water, land) (j) Others (specify) …………………………..

2. Please indicate the environmental problems which your settlement/community would

likely experience and whose cause can be linked to the SEEFOR project activities

during the project operation?

(a) Poor drainage system (b) Bad road (c) Low visibility

(d) Erosion Problems (e) Flooding (f) environmental degradation

(g) Destruction of infrastructures (h) encroachment of land properties

(i) Pollution (air, water and land) (j) Others (specify) …………………………..

3. Do you think the SEEFOR project activities will affect any valued

resource/cultural/archaeological property in your area?

(a) Yes (b) No

4. If yes, how will valued resource/cultural/archaeological property be affected?

(a) Displacement of such valued cultural Properties

(b) Vandalisation of sacred items/locations

(c) Possible theft of sacred/archaeological items

(d) Others, specify:……………………………

5. Can you name some of the animals and other habitats that may be affected by the

proposed project activities?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….

SECTION E: SEEFOR PROJECT ACTIVITIES IMPACT EVALUATION

1. Are you aware of the proposed intervention by SEEFOR (a) Yes (b) No

2. If yes, from which source

(a) community meetings (b) Media (TV, Radio, Newspaper, Internet)

(c) Others specify

3. Do you think the project can cause restiveness in your community? (a) Yes (b) No

4. If yes, how will the proposed project result in restiveness?

5. (a) Disrespect of norms and culture by contractors


232

(b) encroachment of shops/Kiosks (c) Possible theft of sacred/archaeological items

(d) local people not employed during construction (e) Others, specify: ………………

5. How often do members of your household use this road? ……………….times/day

6. Is the frequency of use related to the problem your household experiences using the

road? Yes: ………. No: …………….

7. If yes to question 6, what were the problems? ………….

8. Are you able to use your vehicles (e.g. bicycle, motorcycle, cars, etc) on the road?

Yes: ….. , No: ……

9. Who is responsible for maintaining the road? …………………………

10. Are maintenance and repairs of the road carried out quickly? Yes: ……. No: …….

11. What contribution do you make towards maintenance of the

road?…………………………………………………

12. Do you think the intervention of SEEFOR would improve the situation of the road?

Yes:………. No: …………

13. How do you think the improved road will benefit the community? Please describe

fully?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

14. How will the proposed project impact on your livelihood and environment?

Positive impacts Negative impacts

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

15. What do you expect from the activities of SEEFOR project activities?

(a) employment of Locals during construction

(b) compensation for those whose properties will be affected

(c) capacity building for maintenance during implementation

(d) community input into final engineering design

(e) Others please specify……………………………………………………….

16. Are there any other issue(s) of concern as regards the SEEFOR project in your area,

please state clearly?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………….


233

Appendix II

Nigerian Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Pollutants Time of Average Limits

Particulates Daily average of daily

values 1hour

250µg/m3

600 µg/m3

Sulphuroxide

(Sulphurdioxide)

Daily average of hourly

values 1 hour

0.01ppm

0.1ppm

Non-methanehydrocarbon Daily average of 3-

hourly values

160µg/m3

Carbonmonoxide Daily average of hourly

values 8-hour average

10ppm

20ppm

Nitrogen oxides

(Nitrogen dioxide)

Daily average of hourly

values (range)

0.04- 0.06ppm

Photochemical Oxidant Hourly values 0.06ppm

Source: Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria (FEPA,

1991)

Noise Exposure Limits for Nigeria

Duration per Day, Hour Permissible Exposure Limit dB(A)

8 90

6 92

4 95

3 97

2 100

1.5 102

1 105

0.5 110

0.25 115

Source: Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution

Noise Level Guidelines

Receptor One Hour LAeq (dBA)

Day time (07:00 -22:00) 22:00 – 07:00

Residential; Institutional;

educations

55 45

Industrial; commercial 70 70

Source: World Bank Group 2007: General EHS Guidelines


234

Groundwater Samples

Parame

ters

GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 WHO LIMITS

FMEn

v Limit Highest

Desirab

le Level

Max.

Permiss

ible

Level

pH 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2 6.5-8.5

Conduct

ivity,

µS/cm

NS 1000

-

Tempera

ture, 0C

NS NS

<40

Turbidit

y, NTU

NS NS

1.0

Total

Dissolve

d Solids,

mg/l

200 500

500

Salinity,

ppt

NS NS

Hardnes

s, mg/l

CaCO3

100 500

200

Alkalinit

y, mg/l

NS NS

-

Dissolve

d

Oxygen,

mg/l

NS NS

7.5

BOD5,

mg/l

NS NS

0

COD,

mg/l

NS NS

-

Chloride

, mg/l

200 600

250

Nitrate,

mg/l

- -

10

Sulphate

, mg/l

200 400

500

Phospha

te, mg/l

NS NS

5

Sodium,

mg/l

NS NS

200

Calcium,

mg/I

75 200

-

Magnesi

um, mg/l

30 75

-

Potassiu

m, mg/l

NS NS

-


235

Parame

ters

GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 WHO LIMITS

FMEn

v Limit Highest

Desirab

le Level

Max.

Permiss

ible

Level

THC,

mg/l

0.01 0.3

-

Oil and

Grease

- -

0.05

Heavy Metals

Iron,

mg/l

0.1 1.0

1.0

Zinc,

mg/l

5.0 15.0

5.0

Lead,

mg/l

NS NS

0.05

Mercury

, mg/l

NS NS

0.01

Copper,

mg/l

0.05 1.5

0.05

Chromiu

m, mg/l

NS NS

0.01

Cadmiu

m, mg/l

NS NS

0.03

Nickel,

mg/l

NS NS

-

Arsenic,

mg/l

NS NS

-


236

Appendix III

Minutes of Meetings and Consultations on the Project

MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION HELD WITH THE WOMEN’S

GROUP AT WARRI SEEFOR PROJECT SITE IN DELTA STATE ON APRIL 16TH

,

2014 AT 12:35 PM

This stakeholders’ meeting was designed to elicit relevant information from the women group

on the commencement of the different phases of the proposed SEEFOR project. This is to

ensure that women in the affected communities at Warri project area are enlightened about

the proposed SEEFOR project.

In Attendance were 12 persons as shown in the attendance list below:

s/n Name Phone No

1 Mrs. Adjara Usman 08060773560

2 Mood Zainap 08035010798

3 Amour Bekis 08030676367

4 Aminu Roseline 08033034966

5 Mrs. Amana Juliet 08167206861

6 Mrs. Ethane Rashid at 07035826718

7 Mrs. Bello Fatima 08166118836

8 Aperua-Yussuf 08038251957 (Women Leader)

9 Mrs. A. E. Ajia ---

10 Momoh R. J. 08036315190

11 Netty Umoru 08110137106

12 Mrs Ruth John ---

Opening Remarks

The meeting started with introduction by women leader. The lead consultant with the team

members were introduced by the Site Monitoring Secretary to the women. The lead

appreciated the women for taking time to attend the meeting ensuring that the importance

gender balanced perception is relevant to the success of the project. He did a brief

introduction concerning the SEEFOR project. He explained that the team was in the

community to gather information that will pave way for the smooth implementation of the

project adding that this is to ensure that women in the proposed project affected community

are engaged in the project as required by international standards.


237

Perceived cause(s) of Bad State of Roads

The leader of the women’s group stated that the bad state of the roads is as a result of poor

inadequate drainage system, low quality materials, maintenance of the roads. The poor

construction of the road led to the gradually deterioration, which aggravated to the present

state of the road.

Level of awareness of the project and the contribution of the women to the project

After the briefing, it was realized that majority of the attendees were aware of the proposed

SEEFOR project. As was reported, this is because sometimes in 2013 some people came to

inform the residents along axis about the proposed project by the government of Nigeria to

address the problem. Since then nothing has happened but with this arrangement, we believe

that people will be informed about the project.

In terms of contribution towards the success of the project, the women unanimously made the

following recommendations;

Women should be employed as part of the labour force. They express the fact that

some of the women are as skilled as men in some areas. Therefore, the women should

be given equal consideration in this aspect of the project

We can also provide food for the workers in form of catering. Since the workers will

need food during the civil and rehabilitation works, this service should be provided to

the workers by women in the affected community

The women are also ready to provide voluntary service if needed during the

construction phase of the jobs.

The women will support the project peacefully.


238

MINUTES OF THE KEY IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW WITH THE YOUTH LEADER

OF THE SEEFOR PROJECT IN WARRI, DELTA STATE ON APRIL 16TH

, 2014 AT

03:20 PM

The KII with the Youth Leader was necessitated by the importance of the youths to the

success of the proposed project. It is on this basis that the KII was organised to feel the pulse

of the youths concerning the project. The interview was conducted by the consultant on

socioeconomic impact of the project and it lasted for 60 minutes.

Precisely, the following points were discussed during the interview.

(a) A brief explanation on state of the roads

(b) Awareness of the Proposed SEEFOR project

(c) The efforts of the youths towards curtailing the adverse impacts of bad roads

(d) The impacts of the roads on commuters and the affected communities

(e) The vulnerable groups - women, widows, children and physically challenged

(f) What are the key issues that concerns the youth about the project

(g) Additional input from the youth members to ensure that the project is executed

without any glitch

Opening remarks

The interview commenced with a brief introduction of the project details in the community to

the youth leader. The need to get the youths informed before the commencement of

questionnaire administration and survey for ESMP in the area was emphasized and reiterated.

It is on this background that the interview was based.

A brief explanation about the concerned roads

The respondent claimed that bad state of the roads was due to heavy rainfall, particularly

during rainy season and lack of maintenance. It was further claimed that the roads gradually

degenerated to the present state. And, there have been efforts by the government at various

levels – Local, State, Federal to fix the roads. There have also been a public outcry about the

level of manpower and resources available to such contractor(s). He said sometimes youth

used to make effort to fill some big pot holes when the situation became unbearable. He

reiterated that he was optimistic that the current approach would yield better results at

remediating and rehabilitating the affected roads to become motorable and livable.


239

Knowledge of SEEFOR

Most of the youths stated that they were not new to SEEFOR and the objectives of the

government towards the programme. As a member of the site monitoring committee, the

respondent claimed that SEEFOR’s objectives have been discussed at length with respect to

the affected roads in the communities.

Efforts of the youths before now

In this case, the respondent claimed that there have been several efforts by the youths who

have resulted to the use of sands sometimes mixed with cement to fill pot holes and thus to

control further damage and the opening of the soil surface to sheet erosion which could

eventually result to gully. The approach he said was periodic and mostly in response to the

commencement of rain to curtail the expansion of the pot holes. Apart from local palliatives,

the youths also assisted in rescuing accident victims. Also, the youths have also helped

government agencies in provision of skilled and unskilled labour when needed in area.

Key issues that concerns the youths in the area

For the youths, the maximum support needed was guaranteed. He reiterated that as a youth

leader, the youths of the area were ready to support the project. However, some things are

critical that must be addressed. The area listed below;

1. The local youths must be employed as members of ad hoc staff for the project. Some

of the youths were unemployed graduates who were looking for jobs to make ends

meet. And, there are unlettered unskilled youths that could function as labourers for

menial jobs during the civil works. Some of the skilled youths can also be useful as

administrative staff members particularly within the duration of the project.

2. Some of the youths can be employed as local security personnel. Although, there

would have been special security provided by the government, the local security who

understands the terrain better would provide better security for either expatriate

workers or top executives of the company.

3. There was an assurance of peace and tranquility for the period of the project and other

civil works that the youths could help to fast-tracked the completeness of the project.

The youths have the energy and were also self-motivated.

Further points to ensure the success of the project

Prior to the commencement of the main civil works, the contractor with SEEFOR official

must engage the local populace about the next phase of the project. In order words, people


240

must be carried along. This would enhance information dissemination for the project. It was

expressed that this should be based on sensitization across social and demographic lines. All

social groups must be aware of the project.

Some of the female youths can also be considered as key to the success of the project. It was

stated that they could be employed as cooks or be permitted to supply food to the workers on

the field during break periods. This would also provide a means of livelihood for some of the

female youths which can be continued after the project.

The full cooperation of everyone must be sort and the project must not be taken a political

statement by one. In order to ensure this, information about the project must be aired on

different media houses.

Closing

The interview ended afterwards

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