Accepted by J.W. Brown: 11 Jul. 2012; published: 29 Aug. 2012

ZOOTAXAISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press

Zootaxa 3444: 51–60 (2012) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

Article

51

The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument 5: Two new species of Cochylini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Tortricinae)

ERIC H. METZLER1,3 & GREGORY S. FORBES2

1Michigan State University Adjunct Curator of Lepidoptera, Research Collaborator U.S.N.M. Natural History, P.O. Box 45, Alamogordo, NM 88311-0045 U.S.A. E-mail: metzlere@msu.edu21009 Luna St., Las Cruces, NM 88001 U.S.A.3Corresponding author. E-mail: metzlere@msu.edu

Abstract

In 2006, 10-year studies of the moths in two park units of the U.S. National Park Service in southern New Mexico wereinitiated: White Sands National Monument in Otero County, New Mexico, USA; and Carlsbad Caverns National Park, inEddy County, New Mexico, USA. Two new species of Cochylini, Eugnosta brownana Metzler & Forbes and Cochylisyinyangana Metzler, are described. Adults and male and female genitalia of both species are illustrated.

Key words: biological diversity, White Sands National Monument, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Arizona, NewMexico, Texas, Eugnosta, Cochylis

Introduction

Prior to 2006 when Metzler was invited to conduct 10-year studies of moths at White Sands National Monument,almost nothing was known about the insect fauna of the white gypsum dunes ecosystem in the Tularosa Basin(Schneider-Hector 1993) in southern New Mexico, USA, and the same was true for the moths occurring inCarlsbad Caverns National Park. The dearth of research may be attributed to restricted access to both facilities. Thewhite gypsum dunes, which cover 712.2 km², lie solely with the jurisdiction of the U.S. National Park Service’sWhite Sands National Monument (controlling 40%) and the U.S. Army’s White Sands Missile Range (controlling60%). Carlsbad Caverns National Park, a World Heritage Site, that protects 295.42 km² of the northern ChihuahuanDesert, is under the control of the U.S. National Park Service. The studies were scheduled to last 10 years,2006–2016. In 2007 through 2010, adults of a new species of Eugnosta Hübner, 1816-[1825], and a new species ofCochylis Treitschke, 1829 were collected.

Material and methods

Moths and other night flying insects were collected in U.S.D.A. type black light traps, as described in Smith et al.(1974), and at black light, sometimes with mercury vapor light and sheet, as described in Covell (1984), in diversehabitats in White Sands National Monument and in diverse habitats in Carlsbad Caverns National Park. A detaileddescription of the study methods is in Metzler et al. (2009).

Specimens of moths from black light traps were retained for further study. The specimens were sorted, spread,labeled, and identified. All non-lepidopterous insects from traps were placed in ethyl alcohol and deposited in theMuseum of Southwestern Biology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Selectedspecimens of Lepidoptera and other insects from White Sands National Monument were collected at black lightand sheet, after which they were pinned, spread, labeled, and identified for deposition in the Arthropod Collectionat New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.

METZLER & FORBES52 · Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press

Genitalia were examined following procedures outlined in Clarke (1941), Hardwick (1950), Lafontaine(2004), and Pogue (2002). Abdomens were removed from the moths, wetted in 95% ethyl alcohol, and, using a drybath, they were soaked in 10% KOH for .75 hour at 50°C. Genitalia were dissected in 5% ethyl alcohol, dehydratedin 100% ethyl alcohol, cleared in oil of cloves, rinsed in xylene, and slide mounted in Canada balsam. Somegenitalia were stained with Chlorozol Black in water and/or Safranin O in 95% ethyl alcohol.

Terminology for elements of wing pattern follows Bradley et al. (1973). Terminology for morphology andgenital structures follows Gilligan et al. (2008), Horak (1991), Lafontaine (1987), and Razowski (1970, 2008).Color names came from Smithe (1975) with the caveat that common colors, such as brown, were not given themany varietal names illustrated in Smithe. Forewing lengths were measured to the nearest .1mm, from the base tothe apex excluding fringe, using a stereo-microscope with reticle. Except where noted all specimen data aretranscribed verbatim from the specimen labels.

Specimens cited in this paper are deposited in the following collections:

DJW Donald J. Wright, Cincinnati, OHEHM Eric H. Metzler, Alamogordo, NM, for subsequent transfer to MSUMSU Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection, Department of Entomology, Michigan State

University, East Lansing, MITLSRC Edward C. Knudson, Texas Lepidoptera Survey Research Collection, Houston, TXUCB Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CAUNM Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NMUSNM US National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, DC

Results

Eugnosta brownana, sp. nov., Metzler & Forbes(Figs 1, 2, 7, 10, 13, 22)

Holotype. Adult male, pinned with labels as follows: “USA: NM: Otero Co. White Sands Nat[ional] Mon[ument]interdune habitat 106°10.84’ W, 32°46.64’ N, 4,008' 17 May 2010 WsnmF Eric H. Metzler uv tr[a]p Accessn #:WHSA - 00131" “HOLOTYPE USNM Eugnosta brownana Metzler & Forbes” (USNM).

Paratypes. 88 ♂, 39 ♀: USA: ARIZONA: Cochise Co: Bisbee 1600m 26.viii-6.ix.1998 V.O.Becker Col Col.BECKER 115297 (1♂). Portal, 4 mi. W. 5300’, Chiricahua Mts., Aug.3-6, 1964, D.R.Davis. (4♂, 1♀). Carr Cyn.,5300’ Huachuca Mts., VII-31-66, bl. Wagner & Powell collrs. (1♂). Paradise, Ariz, July 24-31 (1♀). NEWMEXICO: Eddy Co.: Carlsbad Caverns NP (hereafter CCNP), grassland habitat, 32°06.222’N 4160’104°33.759’W, 14 June 2007, Eric H. Metzler CCNP1, Accsn #: CAVE-02263 (8♂, 4♀). CCNP, Arroyo habitat,32°5.976’N 4,100ft. 104°33.569’W, 14 June 2007, Eric H. Metzler CCNP2, Accsn #: CAVE-02263 (1♀). CCNP,Arroyo habitat, 32°5.976’N 4,100ft. 104°33.569’W, 29 August 2006, Eric H. Metzler CCNP2, Accsn #: CAVE-02263 (1♀). CCNP Riparian habitat 32°06.566’N 3638’ 104°28.257’W, 14 June 2007 Eric H. Metzler CCNP4Accsn #: CAVE-02263 (1♀). Lincoln Co.: Valley of Fires R[ecreation ]A[rea] 4 mi NW Carrizozo 19 Aug 20055250' leg. D. J. Wright (1♀). Otero Co.: White Sands National Monument (hereafter WSNM) interdune habitat106°10.84’ W 32°46.64’ N 4,008' 17 May 2010 WsnmF Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accessn #: WHSA – 00131 (8♂,1♀). WSNM interdune habitat 106°10.84’ W 32°46.64’ N 4,008' 17 Oct 2009 WsnmF Eric H. Metzler uv trpAccessn #: WHSA – 00131 (1♂). WSNM interdune habitat 106°10.84’ W 32°46.64’ N 4,008' 10 Aug 2010WsnmF Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accessn #: WHSA—00131 (1♂). WSNM interdune habitat 106°10.84’ W32°46.64’ N 4,008' 20 June 2009 WsnmF Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accessn #: WHSA – 00131 (1♂). WSNM dunescrest vegetat. 106°11.42’W 32°45.67’N 4,014’ 3 June 2008 WSNMC Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131(1♀). WSNM dunes crest vegetat. 106°11.42’W 32°45.67’N 4,014’ 2 Aug. 2010 WSNMC Eric H. Metzler uv trpAccss # WHSA 00131 (3♂). WSNM interdune vegetation 106°11.38’W 32°46.69’N 4,000’ 10 Aug. 2010WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). WSNM interdune vegetation 106°11.38’W32°46.69’N 4,000’ 14 July 2010 WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). WSNM interdune

Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 53TWO NEW COCHYLINI FROM THE WESTERN U.S.

vegetation 106°11.38’W 32°46.69’N 4,000’ 6 April 2008 WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131(7♂). WSNM interdune vegetation 106°11.49’W 32°45.60’N 4,000’ 6 April 2008 WSNMB Eric H. Metzler uv trpAccss # WHSA 00131 (9♂, 1♀). WSNM interdune vegetation 106°11.49’W 32°45.60’N 4,000’ 14 Sept 2009WSNMB Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). WSNM interdune vegetation 106°11.49’W32°45.60’N 4,000’ 25 Aug 2009 WSNMB Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). WSNM interdunevegetation 106°11.49’W 32°45.60’N 4,000’ 23 April 2009 WSNMB Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131(1♂). WSNM edge of dunes habitat 106°11.32’W 32°45.72’N 4,000’ 6 April 2008 WSNMB Eric H. Metzler uv trpAccss # WHSA 00131 (9♂, 1♀). WSNM edge of dunes habitat 106°11.32’W 32°45.72’N 4,000’ 17 May 2010WsnmB Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). WSNM edge of dunes habitat 106°11.32’W32°45.72’N 4,000’ 25 Aug 2009 WsnmB Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (2♂). WSNM interdunalvegetation 32°45.57’N 4,006’ 106°11.59’W gypsum 21 August 2007 Eric H. Metzler WHSA2 Accss#: WHSA-00131 (1♂). WSNM edge of dunes/basin 32°45.70’N 4,001’106°11.24’W 21 August 2007 Eric H. MetzlerWHSA3 Accss#: WHSA-00131 (1♂). WSNM crest of dunes 106°10.74’W 32°46.66’N 4,008’ 14 July 2010WSNMG Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (3♂). WSNM basin grassland veg 32°45.67’N 4,000’106°11.29’W gypsum 13 May 2007 Eric H. Metzler WHSA4 Accss#: WHSA-00131 (1♂, 3♀). TEXAS: PadreIsland Nat. Seashore 17.V.76 A&ME Blanchard. (2♂, 1♀). Briscoe Co.: Caprock Canyons State Park 10,11-V-96/ECK (2♂, 1♀). Caprock Cn.St.Pk. 10,11-V-96/ECK (2♂). Cameron Co.: San Benito Texas Aug (1♂, 1♀). SanBenito Texas (1♂). San Benito Texas Sept. 8-15 (3♂, 1♀). San Benito Texas April 24-30 (1♂, 3♀). San BenitoTexas Apr 1-7 (1♂, 3♀). San Benito Texas March 16-23 (1♂, 1♀). San Benito Texas Mch 16-23 (1♀). San BenitoTexas June 24-30 (1♀). Brownsville 22-XI-66 A.&M.E. Blanchard. (1♂, 1♀). Brownsville 18-XI-71 A.&M.E.Blanchard. (1♀). Laguna Atascosa 9.III.75 A.&M.E. Blanchard (1♀). Culberson Co.: Guadalupe Mts.N.P. PineSpring 1,2-X-91 leg.E.C.Knudson. (1♀). Guadalupe Mts.N.P. Ship on Desert 6-8-IX-91 leg. E.C.Knudson (1♀).Guadalupe Mts. Nat’l Pk. McKittrick Canyon 21-IV-90:ECK Coll. (1♀). Guadalupe Mts.N.P. Williams Ranch Rd.,2-X-91, leg.E.C.Knudson (1♀). Duval Co.: JctFM1329/2295, 27.V 1985, J.E. Gillaspy, Collector (1♂). KenedyCo.: 11 mi. E Encino, 20.IV.1985, J.E. Gillaspy, Collector (1♂). Nueces Co.: 9.IX.74 A&ME Blanchard (1♂). N.Padre Island 30.IX.75 A&ME Blanchard (1♂). N. Padre Island 7.VI.78 A&ME Blanchard (1♀). San Patricio Co.:R&B Welder Refuge 14–19.VII.1985 J.E. Gillaspy Collector (1♂, 1♀). Sinton Welder Wildlife Foundation15.XI.66 A.&M.E. Blanchard (1♂). (DJW, EHM, MSU, TLSRC, UCB, UNM, USNM).

Diagnosis. Eugnosta brownana is a buff-yellow moth with transverse reddish-brown fascia. The diagnosticfeatures are the curved reddish-brown postmedian fascia that touches the inner margin but does not reach the costa,and the gray hind wings. Superficially, E. brownana might be confused with E. bimaculana (Robinson, 1869) andE. sartana (Hübner, 1823a). In the male genitalia, the socii of E. brownana are directed dorsally, whereas the sociiof E. bimaculana and E. sartana are directed ventrally. The three species are best separated with the following key:

1. Adult moth with postmedian fascia not extending to inner margin (Figs 3, 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bimaculana- Adult moth with postmedian fascia extending to inner margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Adult moth with curved reddish-brown postmedian fascia ending well short of costa, gray hind wings, broadly rounded

cucullus, dorsally directed socii (Figs 1, 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brownana- Adult moth with dark brown postmedian fascia reaching nearly to or touching costa, dark brown hind wings, nearly pointed

cucullus, ventrally directed socii (Figs 5, 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . sartana

Description. Adult male (Fig. 1). Head: Front smooth, buff-yellow, closely scaled; vertex scales narrow strap-like, buff-yellow; labial palpus buff-yellow, porrect, closely scaled dorsally, laterally, and mesally, longer scalesform fringe ventrally, not shaggy, segment 3 closely scaled. Haustellum coiled between labial palpi. Antennafiliform, dorsally buff-yellow, closely scaled, ventrally setose, naked. Thorax: Dorsum buff-yellow, closely scaled;underside buff-yellow, closely scaled. Foreleg, closely scaled, ventrally buff-yellow, dorsally brown, tarsomereapices dirty yellow. Midleg closely scaled, ventrally buff-yellow, dorsally reddish-brown, tarsomere apices dirtyyellow. Hindleg closely scaled, buff-yellow, tarsomere apices dirty yellow. Forewing length 4.2–7.1 mm, mean 5.8mm, n = 79. Forewing buff-yellow, costa at base pale reddish-brown, postmedian fascia reddish-brown, notreaching costa, touching inner margin; subterminal fascia, reddish-brown, curved basally at mid-wing: fringe gray;underside blotchy mixture of buff-yellow and reddish-brown scales, some specimens with yellow scales,postmedian and subterminal fascia obscure gray silhouettes; fringe gray. Hind wing pale gray to buff-yellow,overlaid with gray scales; fringe base gray, terminally buff-yellow; underside gray and buff-yellow, strigulae

METZLER & FORBES54 · Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press

reddish-brown, short, chevron-shaped, along costa, veins, and sometimes inner margin; fringe base gray, terminallypale gray. Abdomen: Dorsum closely scaled, buff-yellow; underside closely scaled, buff-yellow. Genitalia (Figs 7,10) with tegumen widened, ventral margin excurved; uncus absent; socii long, erect, lightly setose, bent 90°apically; transtilla extended mesially, V shaped, erect, thin, long, two larger and several smaller stout spines onapex; saccus short, broadly U shaped; valva setose, curved upward, costa narrowly thickened, base of costa withprominent broad tooth-like dorsal projection, cucullus broadly rounded, saccular region slightly widened; juxtashield-shaped, narrowed at middle; phallus sclerotized, apex curved 45̊ with blunt point; cornutus stout, slightly

shorter than phallus, bifurcate basally, longitudinal suture.

FIGURES 1–6. Eugnosta adults. 1. E. brownana male holotype; 2. E. brownana female paratype; 3. E. bimaculana male; 4. E.bimaculana female; 5. E. sartana male; 6. E. sartana female.

FIGURES 7–12. Eugnosta male genitalia. 7. E. brownana male genitalia paratype; 8. E. bimaculana male genitalia; 9. E.sartana male genitalia; 10. E. brownana male phallus paratype; 11. E. bimaculana male phallus; 12. E. sartana male phallus.

Adult female (Fig. 2). Head and Thorax: Similar to male. Forewing length 4.6–7.1 mm, mean 6.1 mm, n = 26.Frenulum bristle single or double. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 13) with papilla analis not sclerotized, setose, longand thin; posterior apophysis extend anteriorly to posterior margin of eighth segment; anterior apophysis lengthsimilar to posterior apophysis; sterigma complex involving 9th sternite, robust; ductus bursae, a sclerotized ring

Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 55TWO NEW COCHYLINI FROM THE WESTERN U.S.

encircles 3/4 of ductus at posterior end, elsewhere membranous, elongate; corpus bursae elongate, dense spiculateregion at posterior end, signum absent.

Systematics. This new species is placed in the genus Eugnosta based on the appearance of the adult moths andthe structure of the male genitalia. The sclerotized socii are attached laterally to the apex of the tegumen; thetranstilla is strong, the mesal process is upturned and stout; the valva is simple; and the phallus contains a singlestout cornutus.

Carolella Busck, 1939 has been considered a synonym of Eugnosta or a separate genus by different authors(e.g., Pogue 1986, Brown 2005, Razowski 1998, 2011, Razowski & Becker 2007). Pogue (1986) noted the closerelationship between the genera. Brown (2005) followed Pogue and listed them as separate genera. Razowski(1998, 2011) and Razowski & Becker (2007) synonymized Carolella with Eugnosta. Eugnosta brownana appearsto share characters of both genera, thus we follow Razowski (2011).

Distribution and biology. Eugnosta brownana occurs in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. It is common atWhite Sands National Monument and Carlsbad Caverns National Park. Its distribution in Mexico is unknown. Theeggs of E. sartana were documented by Peterson (1961, 1967), and a Russian species, Eugnosta hydrargyana(Eversmann, 1842), was recorded from Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Reichenbach (Asteraceae) (Robinson et al. 2012).

Etymology. The specific name of this species, brownana recognizes John W. Brown’s contributions to thestudy of Tortricidae. John Brown shares personal friendships with Greg Forbes and Eric Metzler that span manyyears.

Remarks. The number of bristles of the frenulum is inconsistent. Some females have one bristle while otherfemales have two bristles. One female has one bristle on one side and two bristles on the other side. The length ofthe bristles is typical. One male has one bristle on one side and two bristles on the other side. The second bristle ishalf the length of a typical bristle. For females, the separation of the distal ends of the papilla anales can be seen insitu in many specimens.

FIGURES 13–15. Eugnosta female genitalia. 13. E. brownana female genitalia paratype; 14. E. bimaculana female genitalia;15. E. sartana female genitalia.

METZLER & FORBES56 · Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press

Cochylis yinyangana, sp. nov., Metzler(Figs 16–21, 23)

Holotype. Adult male, pinned with labels as follows: “USA: NM: Otero Co., White Sands Nat[ional] Mon[ument]interdunal vegetation 106°11.38’W 32°45.69’N 4,000' 15 Mar. 2008 WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv tr[a]p Accss #WHSA 00131" “HOLOTYPE USNM Cochylis yinyangana Metzler” (USNM).

Paratypes. 20♂, 4♀: USA: NEW MEXICO: Eddy Co.: Carlsbad Caverns N[ational ]P[ark] (hereafterCCNP), basin brushland habit 104°29.449’W 32°06.642’N 3,668', 12 Mar. 2008 CCNP3, Eric H. Metzler, uv trp,Accss # CAVE—02263 (2♂). CCNP basin brushland habit 104°29.449’W 32°06.642’N 3,668' 14 June 2007CCNP3 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # CAVE—02263 (12♂). CCNP grassland habit 32°06.222’N 4160'104°33.759’W 14 June 2007 CCNP3 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # CAVE—02263 (1♀). Otero Co.: White SandsNat[ional] Mon[ument] (hereafter WSNM) interdune vegetation, 106°11.38’W 32°46.69 N 4,000' 17 May 2010WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (2♀). WSNM interdune vegetation, 106°11.38’W32°46.69N 4,000' 15 Mar. 2008 WSNM8 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♀). WHSA interdunalvegetation 106°11.49’W 32°45.60’N 4,000' 15 Mar 2008 WSNMB Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131(3♂). WSNM edge of dunes habitat 106°11.32’W 32°45.72’N 4,000' 26 Feb. 2009 WSNM9 Eric H. Metzler uv trpAccss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). WSNM edge of dunes habitat 106°11.32’W 32°45.72’N 4,000' 25 Aug 2009 Wsnm9Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). WSNM interdunal vegetation 106°11.59’W 32°45.60’N 4,006'15 Mar 2008 WSNM2 Eric H. Metzler uv trp Accss # WHSA 00131 (1♂). (EHM, MSU, USNM)

Diagnosis. Cochylis yinyangana is yellowish-white dorsally, with no markings; the ventral surface of theforewing ranges from yellowish-white to heavily smudged with charcoal-black. The hind wings are white. Noother species of Cochylini in North America resembles C. yinyangana. The valva of C. yinyangana is broad at thebase with a moderately distinct saccular area. The uncus is absent, the socii are inconspicuous and membranous,the transtilla has a strong central process that is broadly bent caudally with a blunt hook towards the apex, the juxtais broad, the arms of the vinculum are distinctly separated, and the apex of the bent sclerotized phallus is drawn out(0.5x the length of the phallus) to a pointed tip. The female genitalia of Cochylis are highly variable and cannot besimply characterized. In the female genitalia of C. yinyangana the ovipositor is not telescopic, the papillae analesare membranous and setose, the anterior apophyses and the posterior apophyses are approximately equal length,the ductus bursae is sclerotized, fluting posteriorly and membranous anteriorly, and the corpus bursae ismembranous, long without signa.

FIGURES 16–18. Cochylis yinyangana adults. 16. C. yinyangana male holotype dorsal surface; 17. C. yinyangana maleholotype ventral surface; 18. C. yinyangana female paratype.

Description. Adult male (Fig. 16, 17). Head: Front yellowish-white, scales strap-like, directed ventrally;vertex yellowish-white, scales strap-like, directed mesally and dorsad; labial palpus porrect, first segmentyellowish-white, closely scaled; second segment, scales orange and raw-umber tipped laterally and ventrally,yellowish-white mesally and dorsally, scales longer forming fringe dorsally, not shaggy; third segment scalesorange and raw-umber tipped basally, yellowish-white apically, directed forward, closely scaled. Haustellum coiledbetween labial palpi. Antenna filiform, dorsally yellowish-white, closely scaled, ventrally naked, setose, setaebarely longer than width of antennal segment, bent apically. Thorax: Dorsum, laterally yellowish-white, mesalscales partially raw-umber, closely scaled; underside closely scaled, scales umber to black, reflective, mica-like.Foreleg, closely scaled, dorsally mostly black and raw-umber, ventrally yellowish-white, tarsomeres tipped withdirty-white. Midleg closely scaled, dorsally mostly black and raw-umber, ventrally yellowish-white, tarsomeres

Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 57TWO NEW COCHYLINI FROM THE WESTERN U.S.

tipped with dirty-white. Hindleg closely scaled, dorsally mostly black and raw-umber, ventrally yellowish-white,tarsomeres tipped with dirty-yellow. Forewing length 4.2─6.2 mm, mean 5.6 mm, n = 9.); forewing yellowish-white, sparse raw-umber scales seen with magnification, markings absent; fringe concolorous; underside heavilysuffused with raw-umber and black scales, costa sometimes chamois color, terminal area sometimes chamois color;fringe yellowish-white, contrasting. Hind wing dirty-white, reflective, veins yellowish-white; anal lobe, scalesreflective, dark-silver, mica-like; fringe concolorous; underside dirty-white, veins at base reflective silver-gold,costa reflective silver-gold, anal angle reflective silver-gold; fringe dirty-white. Abdomen: Dorsum closely scaled,reflective silver-gold, terminally yellowish-white; laterally basally reflective silver-gold, else yellowish-white;ventrally closely scaled, yellowish-white. Genitalia (Fig. 19) with tegumen wide, short, weak; uncus absent; sociiappressed to tegumen, weak, weakly sclerotized, basally broadly coalesced, setae sparse, denticules sparse;transtilla, mesally bent ventrally to form median process; median process strong, long, hooked apically, blunt;saccus absent; vinculum arms not touching; valve basally broad, narrowing apically, costa thickened basally,cucullus narrowly rounded, setae sparse; sacculus, ventral margin strongly sclerotized, ventral margin with orwithout long setae, elsewhere undifferentiated; juxta prominent, widened laterally, dorsal edge slightly thickened,abruptly widened; phallus (Fig. 14) sclerotized, curved from 1/2 length to 45° apically, narrowed to apical point;teeth, external, numerous on apical 1/2; cornutus single, very thin, hair-like, length 0.25x phallus.

Female (Fig. 18): Head and Thorax: Similar to male. Antenna, setae very sparse. Forewing length 4.6–5.5 mm,mean 5.0 mm, n = 3. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 21) with papillae anales membranous, elongate, setose; posteriorapophysis extend anteriorly to sterigma; anterior apophysis length equal to posterior apophysis; sinus vaginalisbearing an inverted Y shaped sclerite; ductus bursae membranous surrounding a sclerotized tube, anteriorly rugose;corpus bursae membranous, long, capitate; no signum.

Systematics. This new species is placed in the genus Cochylis based on the structures of the male genitaliacompared to the type species Cochylis rubellana (Hübner, 1823b), a synonym of Cochylis roseana (Haworth,[1811]). In the male genitalia the base of the valva is wide; the uncus is absent; the socii are membranous andbroadly coalesced basally; the arms of the vinculum are separate; the transtilla is well developed with the medianprocess elongate and curved in the apical 0.5; the costa of the valva is sclerotized in the basal 0.5; the saccular areais differentiated and the ventral margin is sclerotized basally; and the phallus is long and slightly curved with asharp apex.

FIGURES 19–21. Cochylis yinyangana genitalia. 19. C. yinyangana male genitalia paratype; 20. C. yinyangana male phallusparatype; 21. C. yinyangana female genitalia paratype.

METZLER & FORBES58 · Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press

Distribution and biology. Cochylis yinyangana was collected at White Sands National Monument, OteroCounty, NM and at Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Eddy County, NM. The immature stages of C. yinyangana areunknown. The life histories of several species of Cochylis, mostly from the Old World, are well documented onseveral plant families (Robinson et al. 2012).

Etymology. The specific name of this species, yinyangana, recognizes the nearly white upper side andblackish underside colors of the forewings. The phrase yin and yang, often depicted by the black and white circularsymbol, Taijitu, is used to describe how polar opposites, in this case the white upper and blackish undersides, areinterconnected and interdependent in the totality of the adult moth.

Remarks. The underside of the forewing, thorax including legs, and abdomen of most specimens is noticeablydarkened, ranging from dark-umber to black. On a few specimens, the number of dark scales on the underside isreduced, and the underside of one specimen has only scattered dark-umber scales in a yellowish-white base color.The cornutus in the phallus is difficult to see without a compound microscope and more than 10x magnification.

FIGURE 22–23. Distribution maps. 22. Eugnosta brownana distribution map; 23. Cochylis yinyangana distribution map.

Discussion

In 2006 the U.S. National Park Service invited Metzler to initiate 10-year studies of the Lepidoptera at CarlsbadCaverns National Park, Eddy County, NM and White Sands National Monument, Otero County, NM. A primarypurpose of the studies was to compile an inventory of moths in various habitats within the Park and the Monument,and to describe new species discovered during the studies. Descriptions of species from the units of the NationalPark Service are important because the names facilitate the cataloging, protecting, and communicating informationabout their significance.

More than 450 species of moths, including 19 species new to science, were recorded in the first four years ofthe study from black-light traps along a 2.4-km transect in the southeastern corner of the dunes of the Monument.Except Eugnosta brownana and Cochylis yinyangana described here, all the new species from the Monument areapparently endemic to the white dunes, and several are white species (Kain 2000). The number of endemic speciesof moths at White Sands National Monument, when compared to all of North America, is the highest for a singlelocation. These numbers seem more impressive in consideration of the small study area and the short time of thestudy so far.

More than 550 species of moths, including several endemics of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, werecollected at Carlsbad Caverns National Park.

Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press · 59TWO NEW COCHYLINI FROM THE WESTERN U.S.

This is the tenth in a series of papers reporting the results of the studies (Metzler et al. 2009, Metzler et al.2010a, Metzler et al. 2010b, Metzler and Forbes 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, Metzler and Knudson 2011, Metzler et al. inpress). These are the sixth and seventh species described as a result of the studies.

The many species of Cochylini, even within a single genus, e.g., Aethes Billberg, 1820, often have forewingpatterns that are incongruous. Several references (e.g. Bradley et al. 1973, Horak 1991, Razowski 1970, 2008)illustrate the variety of forewing patterns of Cochylini. We reference Bradley et al. (1973) in this paper becausetheir illustrations on page 5 have wing pattern elements represented in the genus Eugnosta. The forewing ofCochylis yinyangana has no discernible pattern.

Acknowledgments

The Western National Parks Association, Tucson, Arizona contributed travel funding for this study of Lepidopteraat White Sands National Monument. The National Parks Foundation, Washington, DC, the Adopt-A-Bat program,administered by the Carlsbad Caverns-Guadalupe Mountain Association, Carlsbad, NM, and the ChihuahuanDesert Conservation Alliance, Carlsbad, NM all contributed travel funding for the study of Lepidoptera at CarlsbadCaverns National Park. We are grateful for their financial support.

We especially thank David Bustos from White Sands National Monument and Renée West from CarlsbadCaverns National Park for assistance and support of our research. Representatives from research collectionsprovided insect pins, alcohol, identification services, research consultation, and storage space for specimenscollected. We thank the following persons for offering support from their respective institutions: David B.Richman, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM; Kelly B. Miller, Sandra L. Brantley, and David C.Lightfoot (UNM); Frederick W. Stehr, Anthony I. Cognato, and Gary L. Parsons (MSU); Charles V. Covell, Jr.,McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Larry Berger, OhioDepartment of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH; J. Donald Lafontaine, Canadian National Collection of Insects,Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, ON; and John W. Brown, David G. Furth, Jon A. Lewis, and Michele A.Touchet (USNM). Edward C. Knudson, and Donald J. Wright loaned specimens from their personal collections.John Brown and Ed Knudson were especially helpful. Patricia A. Metzler faithfully accompanied Metzler on hismany collecting trips to the Monument, and she accompanied him on several long driving trips to Washington, DCand other locations for the purpose of identifying specimens. She contributed financially to the study. We thankJames J. Kruse, and two anonymous reviewers for reading the paper and offering valuable suggestions.

References

Billberg, G.J. (1820) Enumeratio insectorum in museo Gust. Joh. Billberg. G.J. Billberg, Typus Gadelianus. 138 pp.Bradley, J.D., Tremewan W.G., & Smith A. (1973) British Tortricoid Moths Cochylidae and Tortricidae: Tortricinae. The Ray

Society at the British Museum (N.H.), London. 251 pp.Brown, J.W. (2005) Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). In: Brown, J.W. (Ed.). World Catalogue of Insects, Volume 5, pp. 1–741.Clarke, J.F.G. (1941) The preparation of slides of the genitalia of Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society,

36, 149–161.Covell, C.V., Jr. (1984) A Field Guide to Moths of Eastern North America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special

Publication Number 12, Martinsville, Virginia. 496 pp.Eversmann, E. (1842) Quaedam lepidopterorum species novae, in Rossia orientali observatae, nunc descriptae et depictae.

Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 15, 543–564.Gilligan, T.M., Wright, D.J. & Gibson, L.D. (2008) Olethreutine moths of the midwestern United States. Bulletin of the Ohio

Biological Survey NS, 16 (2), 1─334.Hardwick, D.F. (1950) Preparation of slide mounts of lepidopterous genitalia. The Canadian Entomologist, 82, 231–235.Horak, M. (1991) Chapter 1 Morphology, phylogeny and systematics, 1.1 Morphology. In: Van Der Geest, L.P.S. & Evenhuis,

H.H. (Eds.). World Crop Pests, 5. Tortricid Pests Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp.1–22.

Hübner, J. (1823a) Zuträge zur sammlung exotischer schmettlinge [sic]. Volume 2. Augsburg, Germany. 40 pp.Hübner, J. (1823b) Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge. Horde 7, plate 46. In: Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge.

Horde 7. Augsburg, Germany.Hübner, J. (1816─[1825]) 3. Berein, Coitus 3. Eugnosten, Eugnostae. In: Verzeichniss Bekannter Schmettlinge [sic]. Augsburg,

METZLER & FORBES60 · Zootaxa 3444 © 2012 Magnolia Press

Germany. p. 394.Kain, S.M. (2000) White Animals at White Sands. In: An Introduction to White Sands National Monument and the Tularosa

Basin Employee and Volunteer Orientation Handbook. White Sands National Monument, Alamogordo, New Mexico. pp.48–1through 48–18.

Lafontaine, J.D. (1987) The Moths of America North of Mexico including Greenland. Fascicle 27.2 Noctuoidea Noctuidae(part) Noctuinae (part - Euxoa). The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC. 237 pp.

Lafontaine, J.D. (2004) The Moths of North America Including Greenland, Fascicle 27.1, Noctuoidea Noctuidae (part)Noctuinae (part - Agrotini). The Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, Washington, DC. 385 pp.

Metzler, E.H., Bustos, D. & Forbes, G.S. (2009) The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, NewMexico, USA 1. Two new species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuinae, Agrotini). In: Schmidt, B.C. & Lafontaine, J.D.(Eds.). Contributions to the systematics of New World macro-moths. ZooKeys, 9, 47–62.

Metzler, E.H., Forbes, G.S. & Bustos, D. (2010a) Moth Studies at White Sands National Monument. In: Greenwald, D.H. (Ed.).A Walk Through Time - The Tularosa Basin’s Past. 2009 Tularosa Basin Conference Proceedings. pp. 1–6. CD-ROM.

Metzler, E.H., Forbes, G.S., Bustos, D. & West, R. (2010b) First records, representing major range extensions, of three speciesof Lepidoptera (Erebidae, Noctuidae, and Lasiocampidae) from New Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist, 35, 309–311.

Metzler, E.H. & Forbes, G.S. (2011a) The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA2. Rediscovery and description of Sparkia immacula (Grote, 1883) (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Hadenini). In: Schmidt, B.C. &Lafontaine, J.D. (Eds.). Contributions to the systematics of New World macro-moths III. ZooKeys, 149, 117–123.

Metzler, E.H. & Forbes, G.S. (2011b) The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA3. A new species of Aleptina Dyar, 1902 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae, Psaphidini). In: Schmidt, B.C. &Lafontaine, J.D. (Eds.). Contributions to the systematics of New World macro-moths III. ZooKeys, 149, 125–133.

Metzler, E.H. & Forbes, G.S. (2011c) The Lepidoptera of White Sands National Monument, Otero County, New Mexico, USA4. A new species of Schinia Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). In: Schmidt, B.C. & Lafontaine, J.D.(Eds.). Contributions to the systematics of New World macro-moths III. ZooKeys, 149, 135–144.

Metzler, E.H., Forbes, G.S., Bustos, D. & West, R. (in press) Moth studies in the northern Chihuahuan Desert with illustrationsof new species. In: LoBello, R.L. (Ed.). A Desert Without Borders. Proceedings of the Chihuahuan Desert Conference.The Chihuahuan Desert Education Coalition, El Paso, TX. In press

Peterson, A. (1961) Some types of eggs deposited by moths, heterocera-Lepidoptera. Florida Entomologist, 44, 107–114.Peterson, A. (1967) Some eggs of moths from several families of microlepidoptera. Florida Entomologist, 50, 125–132.Pogue, M.G. (1986) A Generic Revision of the Cochylidae (Lepidoptera) of North America. Ph.D. thesis, Graduate School,

University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN. 280 pp.Pogue, M.G. (2002) A World revision of the genus Spodoptera Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Memoirs of the American

Entomological Society, 43, 1–202.Razowski, J. (1970) Microlepidoptera Palaearctica dritter band Cochylidae. Verlag Georg Fromme & Co. Wien, Germany. 2

volumes. 528 pp.Razowski, J. (1998) The genera of Tortricidae. Part III. Nearctic Chlidanotinae and Tortricinae. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia,

41, 227─281.Razowski, J. (2008) Tortricidae of the Palaearctic Region Volume 1. Frantisek Slamka, Bratislava, Slovakia. 152 pp.Razowski, J. (2011) Diagnoses and remarks on genera of Tortricidae, 2: Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). SHILAP Revista

de Lepidopterologia, 39, 397–414.Razowski, J. & Becker, V.O. (2007) Systematic and faunistic data on Neotropical Cochylini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), with

description of new species. Part 2. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 50B, 91–128.Robinson, C.T. (1869) Notes on American Tortricidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 2, 261–289.Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W. & Hernández, L.M. (2012) HOSTS - a Database of the World's

Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum. London, England. Available from: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/hostplants/ (accessed 15 May 2012).

Schneider-Hector, D. (1993) White Sands, The History of a National Monument. The University of New Mexico Press.Albuquerque, NM. 270 pp.

Smith, J.S., Jr., Stanley, J.M., Hartsock, J.G. & Campbell, L.W. (1974) S-1 Black-light Insect-survey Trap Plans andSpecifications. ARS-S-31. New Orleans, LA. 4 pp.

Smithe, F.B. (1975) Naturalist’s Color Guide. American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY. 22 pp.Treitschke, F. (1829) Die schmetterlinge von Europa, siebenter band. Gerhard Fleischer. Leipzig, Germany. 312 pp.