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Unit 4: Environment

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UNIT OBJECTIVES

ENVIRONMENT

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

• Use vocabulary relating to the topic (featuresof environment, environmental problems,green issues).

• Pronounce sound link and stress within wordfamilies

• Develop listening, reading and speaking skills viapractical exercises relating to this topic.

OVERVIEW

DURATION (12 PERIODS)

WARMING UP

• How green are you?

• Activities that help to protect

our environment

GRAMMAR

• Passive voice

• Changing from active to pas-

sive voice

VOCABULARY

Vocabulary about environment

PRONUNCIATION

• Sound link

• Stress within word families

LISTENING

• Medical plants

• Recycling

READING

• Are you SAD?

• Save the elephants

SPEAKING

• Threats to our environment

• Saving the environment

KEY WRITING

• Save the dolphins

• Save the elephants fund.

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4 5 6

7 8 9

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Unit 4: Environment

If you want to save the planet, ecology begins at home- try this quiz and see how environmentallyaware you are.

Which form of household heating is generally considered most environmentally-friendly?

a. electric b. coal c. wood d. natural gas

Which household appliance consumes the most electricity?

a. freezer c. televisionb. electric cooker d. washing machine

If you leave your TV on “stand- by”- switched on but with no picture orsound- how much electricity will you use?

a. 5% b. 10% c. 20%

In which room do you use most water?

a. kitchen b. bathroom c. laundry

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

a. oil b. iron ore c. trees d. coal

Which of the following household materials is considered hazardous waste?

a. plastic packaging b. glass c. batteries d. food

What happens to most household waste after it leaves the home? It is...

a. buried b. burned c. recycled

How long would it take for Americans to throw away enough rubbish to fill aline of trucks reaching the moon?

a. 2 years b. 10 years c. 100 years

How much of your life will you spend opening and reading junk mail?

a. 2 weeks b. 1 month c. 8 months

You can save one tree by recycling a pile of newspapers that is how tall?

a. 1m b. 5m c. 10m

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A. How green are you?

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Unit 4: Environment

PASSIVE VOICE

FORM

We form the passive voice with the auxiliary verb to be and the past participle of the mainverb.

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B. Tick () the activity that help to protect our environment

No. Activity

1. Plant trees

2. Hunt animals

3. Recycle waste

4. Donate money to protect endangered animals

5. Go to work by private cars

6. Use public vehicles such as bus, underground

S + to be + Past participle (PII)

TENSES POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

Simple present

S + am/is/are + (PII)

Example:Rice is grown in China

S + am/is/are + not +(PII)

Example: Rice isn’t grownin China

Am/Is/Are + S + (PII)?

Example: Is rice grown inChina?

Present

continuous

S + am/is/are +being + (PII)

Example: The patientsare being examined rightnow.

S + am/is/are + not +being + (PII)

Example: The patientsaren’t being examined rightnow.

Am/Is/Are + S +being + (PII)?

Example: Are the patientsbeing examined right now?

Simple past

S + was/were + (PII)

Example: This photograph wastaken last summer.

S + was/were + not +(PII)

Example: This photographwasn’t taken last summer.

Was/Were + S + (PII)?

Example: Was this photo-graph taken last summer?

Past continuous

S + was/were +being + (PII)

Example: The letter was being typed when Iarrived.

S + was/were + not +being + (PII)

Example: The letter wasn’tbeing typed when I arrived.

Was/Were + S +being + (PII) ?

Example: Was the letterbeing typed when I aiirived?

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Unit 4: Environment

USES

We use the passive voice:

• To emphasize the action rather than the person who did it (the agent).

Example: The new library was built last year.

• When we don’t know who did the action.

Example: The window was broken last night.

• When it is easy to understand who did the action.

Example: Three people were taken to the hospital after the crash.

CHANGING FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE VOICE

We change a sentence from active to passive voice in the following way:

• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

• We use the verb to be in the same form as the verb in the active sentence.

• We use the past participle of the main verb in the active sentence.

• We use the word by if we want to say who performed the action.

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TENSES POSITIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION

Present perfect

S + has/have + been+ (PII)

Example: All the deci-sions have been made.

S + has/have + not +been + (PII)

Example: All the decisionshaven’t been made.

Has/Have + S + been +(PII)?

Example: Have all the de-cisions been made?

Past perfect

S + had + been +(PII)

Example: By the timewe arrived, all the seatshad been taken.

S + had + not + been +(PII)

Example: By the time wearrived, all the seats hadn’tbeen taken.

Had + S + been + (PII)?

Example: By the time wearrived, had all the seatsbeen taken?

Future with Will

S + will + be + (PII))

Example: The emails will be sentas soon as possible.

S + will + not + be +(PII)

Example: The emailswon’t sent.

Will + S + be + (PII)?

Example: Will the emailsbe sent?

Future perfect

S + will + have +been + (PII)

Example: The workwill have been doneby tomorrow.

S + will + have + not+ been + (PII)

Example: The workwon’t have been doneby tomorrow.

Will + S + have +been + (PII) ?

Example: Will the workhave been done bytomorrow?

Modal verbs

S + must/ can/ could,etc + be +(PII)

Example: Meat must bekept in the refrigerator.

S + must/ can/ could,etc + not + be +(PII)

Example: Meat mustn’t bekept in the refrigerator.

Must/ Can/ Could, etc+ S + be +(PII)?

Example: Must meat bekept in the refrigerator?

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Unit 4: Environment

Example:

Active sentence: Carlos designs the building.

S V O

Passive sentence: The building is designed by Carlos.

S V (PII) O

PRACTICE

Decide whether the sentences are written in Active or Passive

Change the following sentences from the active to the passive.1. They grow coffee in Kenya. → ………………………………………………………………….. 2 . They publish The Times newspaper in London.→ ………………………………………………………………….. 3. They make shoes in Calatayud. →…………………………………………………………………..

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Notes:

We usually include by + the agent only if it is important to the meaning of thesentence.

Example: The glass was broken by Ann.(by Ann emphasizes that Ann did the action, not someone else).

Rice is grown in the field by farmers.(by farmers is not important to the meaning of the sentence, so it can be crossed out)

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No. Active Passive

1. They listen to music.

2. She is reading an e-mail.

3. These cars are produced in Japan.

4. Alan teaches Geography.

5. German is spoken in Austria.

6. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake.

7. Henry Ford invented the assembly line.

8. The bus driver was hurt.

9. You should open your workbooks.

10. Houses have been built.

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4. They transport oranges from Valencia to Germany in special crates.→ …………………………………………………………………5. They are sending the parcel by sea. → ……………………………………………………………….. 6. They are destroying the forests in Indonesia. → ………………………………………………………………… 7. The shark ate the man. →………………………………………………………………….8. The arsonist started the fire. →………………………………………………………………….9. The police took him away. →………………………………………………………………….10. They've treated him very well. →………………………………………………………………….11. They haven't cleaned the kitchen yet. →…………………………………………………………………. 12. They didn't punish him for what he did. → …………………………………………………………………

Choose the best answer

1. Ms. Laura ……………………at the Asia Company. a. is employing c. employing b. employed d. is employed2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle …………….last night. a. was stolen c. stolen b. was stealing d. steal3. Something funny ……………….in class yesterday. a. happened c. happens b. was happened d. is happened4. The child’s arm was swollen because he ………………...by a bee. a. stung c. had been stung b. had stung d. has been stung5. Today many serious childhood diseases ……………...by early immunization. a. are preventing c. prevent b. can prevent d. can be prevented6. I ………………with you on that subject. a. am agreed c. agreeing b. am agreeing d. agree7. When …………………….? - In 1928. a. did penicillin discover c. did penicillin discovered b. penicillin was discovered d. was penicillin discovered8. Vitamin C …………………..by the human body. It gets into the blood stream quickly. a. absorbs easily c. is easily absorbed b. is easily absorbing d. absorbed easily9. When can I have my car back? I think it’ll …………………...late this afternoon. a. finish c. have finished b. be finished d. be finish

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Unit 4: Environment

10. The rescuers…………….for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountainclimbers.

a. were praised c. were praising b. praised d. praising11. The longest fish in the contest was eighteen inches long. It…………..by Thelma Rivers. a. was catching c. was caught b. caught d. catch12. Are we about to have dinner? Yes, it ……………...in the dining room. a. is serving c. is being served b. serves d. served13. Where are Jack and Jan? They ……………..the boxes you asked for into the house. a. have been bringing c. have been brought b. bringing d. to bring14. Where’s the old chicken coop? - It ………………..by the windstorm last year. a. destroy c. was destroyed b. is destroyed d. destroyed15. We’re still looking for Thomas. Hasn’t he………………………yet? a. been found c. found b. to find d. being found16. Diana is a wonderful ballet dancer. She ……………..since she was four. a. has been dancing c. is dancing b. has been danced d. was danced17. What a beautiful dress you’re wearing! - Thank you. It ……….especially for me by a

French tailor. a. is made c. made b. has made d. was made18. Gold …………………..in California in the nineteenth century. a. was discovered c. was discover b. has been discovered d. they discover19. All planes………………...before departure. a. will check c. will be checked b. will has checked d. will been checked20. Where did you get these old dresses? We ………………...them in the old trunk. a. were found c. found b. finding d. have been found21. I wanted ……………by the head of the company, but it was impossible. a. to see c. seeing b. to be seen d. being to seen22. Those eggs of different colors are very artistic. Yes, they ……………...in Russia. a. were painted c. were painting b. were paint d. painted23. I heard you decided to take up tennis. Yes, I have …………….every day. a. been played c. playing b. been playing d. play

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Unit 4: Environment

24. What happened to the old maid carrier? He ………...to the neighborhood to work. a. has sent c. was sent b. was sent d. sent

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets

1. You (notify) ………………by my secretary next week.2. Last night I (not, remember) ………………….to lock my front door.3. At the present time, the oldest in the town (restore) ………..by the Historical Society.4. At one time, the entire world (rule) …………………….by dinosaurs. Some dinosaurs

(walk) ………………on their hind legs and (stand) ……………….as tall as palm trees.5. Disneyland, a world famous amusement park in Southern (visit) …………………by

more than ten million people every year.6. Most insects (live) …….……………...for less than a year. The common housefly (live)

……….……………..from 19 to 30 days.7. I got into a taxi quickly because I (follow) ………………………….by two strange men.

As soon as I got into the taxi, I (feel) …………………a little safer.8. When Alex was ten only, his father (die) ……………………..9. Mark (influence) ………………………..a lot by his friends.10. The exam papers are scored by machine. The students (tell) ……………………their

results next week.

Can you answer the following general knowledge questions about the enviroment?1. What is the highest mountain in Africa?2. What is the longest river in Europe?3. Where is the highest waterfall in the world?4. Name another country, apart from Iceland, which has geysers and hot springs.5. What is a delta and which famous river has one?6. Where are the Straits of Gibraltar and the Cape of Good Hope?

• There are many different words referring to features of the enviroment. Here are somearranged on small to large scales.

Brook → stream → river Hillock → hill → mountain Cove → bay → gulf Copse → wood → forest Puddle → pond → lake Footpath → lane → road

• Here are some other nouns which are useful when talking about the enviroment. Checktheir meanings with a dictionary if necessary.

Where land meets sea: coast/shore/beach/estuary/cliff/cape/peninsula

Words connected with rivers: source/tributary/waterfall/mouth/valley/gorge

Words connected with mountains: foot/ridge/peak/summi/glacier

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A. Environment quiz

B. Features of the environment

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Unit 4: Environment

Complete the paragraph below about your country, or any other country thatinterests you. Remember to use ‘the’ whenever it is necessary.

…………… (1) is a …………… (2) in …………… (3). The countryside is …………… (4) inthe north and …………… (5) in the south. The country’s economy is based on ……………(6). The best-known river in …………… (7) is …………… (8). The most famous chain ofmountains is ………....…… (9) and the highest mountain in that chain is …………… (10).…………… (11) is a major enviromental problem in …………… (12) today.

What word matches these definitions? The first letter is given in brackets.

Example: A valley with steep sides, gorge

Give two nouns from the opposite page to go with the adjectives below. Trynot to repeat any of the nouns you choose.

Example: sandy beach/shore

1. sandy 2. steep 3. shallow

4. rocky 5. turbulent 6. dangerous

What are the opposites of the adjectives below?

1. a deep river 3. a rocky beach 5. an extinct volcano

2. a gentle slope 4. a rough sea

There are many enviromental problems in the world today. Check with a dictionary ifyou do not know any of the terms below.

air river

sea pollution overfishing

the greenhouse effect the destruction of the ozone layer

destruction of the rainforests battery farming

waste disposal overpopulation

Match the pictures with the correct environmental problems above.

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1. A very large sea. (o) 6. A river of ice. (g)

2. Land with sea on all sides. (i) 7. The top of a mountain. (s)

3. Where a river meets the sea. (m) 8. Where land meets sea very steeply. (c)

4. A river that flows into another river. (t) 9. A small stream. (b)

5. Where a river starts. (s) 10. Land with sea on 3 sides. (p)

C. Environmental problems

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Unit 4: Environment

Match the pictures with the correct environmental problems above.

Complete the tables

Use the words in the box to complete this text about enviromental problems.

conditions destruction disposal farming

greenhouse heavily layer over-fishing

over-polluted polluted resources

Pollution is a major problem of our times. Air, water and land are all polluted. Poor waste(1)....……… is to blame for many of the problems and the situation is particularly acute in(2)...……….. industrialised and (3)………….. regions. Pollution of the atmosphere has ledto the destruction of the ozone (4)…………….. and to the (5) …….. effect. Other enviromentalproblems have been caused by too rapid a use of (6) ………. There are far fewer fish in thesea because of (7)…….. and the (8)……….. of the rainforests is having unforeseen ecologicalconsequenses. Battery (9) ……… provides a lot of food but involves keeping animals in un-natural and unhealthy (10) ……………

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a b c

d e f

g h

Noun Verb Noun Verb

Waste ............................... ................................... Protect

Pollution ............................... ................................... Destroy

Damage ............................... ................................... survive

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Complete the sentences below using words from the box.

acid alternative fossil greenhouseozone layer pollution public rainforestrecycling solar species warming

1. The tropical rain forest is being cut down.2. By ........................ glass, metal and paper, we save energy.3 Scientists have detected holes in the ........................, which will allow harmful radiation

to reach the surface of the Earth.4. Some gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing the so-called ‘ ...............effect’.5. One result of global ........................ is likely to be a disastrous rise in sea levels.6. Heavy industry causes a great deal of air .........................7. Solar energy and wind energy are sometimes called ‘........................’ energy because

they are used instead of coal, oil and gas.8. ........................ panels use the sun’s energy to heat water.9. Human activity has destroyed many animal ........................10. People still prefer their own cars to ........................ transport.11. Coal, oil and gas are known as ........................ fuels.12. Damage has been caused to forests by ........................ rain.

If we want to look after the enviroment, there are certain things we shouldn’t doand certain things we should do. Complete these sentences with suitable verbs.

Example: We shouldn’t1. throw away paper, bottles and cans; we should……………………… them.2. ……………. water and energy; we should ……………………… them.3. ……………….. rainforests; we should ………………. them from human damage.

How green are you?

Give each item in the quiz a number from 1 – 5.

1=always 2=often 3=sometimes 4=hardly ever 5=never

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D. Green issues

HOW GREEN ARE YOU?

............................ 1. Avoid throwing things away if they can be reused, repaired or recycles

............................ 2. Use recycled paper

............................ 3. Recycle paper, glass and cans

............................ 4. Avoid products from nonrenewable sources

............................ 5. Avoid buying overpackaged products

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Add up the numbers from the quiz above.

The interpretation of your quiz score is:

Energy

Based on the pictures, fill the missing words in the chart below. What are nonrenewable andrenewable energy?

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HOW GREEN ARE YOU?

............................ 6. Walk or use a bike when traveling shot distances

............................ 7. Use public transportation when traveling long distances

............................ 8. Avoid using the air-conditioning in the summer

............................ 9. Make sure the heat isn’t turned up too high in the winter

............................ 10. Use low-energy light bulbs

............................ 11. Turn off the lights when you leave a room

............................ 12. Avoid using more water than you need

Score

12-23 You’re so green, it’s unbelievable! Are there even more things you do toprotect the environment?

24-35 You’re very environmentally aware. You care about and respect theworld around you.

36-47 You do some things to protect the environment, but there’s alwaysroom for improvement.

48-60 You’re not green at all. Be aware of the things you can do and try.Everything you do will help.

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………………… ENERGY ………………… ENERGY

............................. .............................

Water Nonrenewable Biomass Oil

Geothermal Uranium Coal Wind

Renewable Gas Solar

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Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box.

1. Rhinos are an endangered species. We have to protect them or they will become extinct.

2. It’s amazing how much ................... you can find in a city garden: foxes, hedgehogs,frogs and lots of birds and insects.

3. There’s too much ................... in modern cities. Why can’t we have more parks and openspaces instead of all these skyscrapers?

4. We need stricter laws to protect the ................... from the smoke and gases released bycars and factories.

5. I don’t usually eat sweets. The ................... colourings and flavourings give me aheadache.

6. This apply juice is ............................ That means the fruit trees weren’t sprayed withchemicals.

7. I only eat .......................... chicken and eggs. I don’t approve of chicken farms wherethe animals are kept in small cages.

8. Most farmers spray their ................... with ................... to stop insects eating them.

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………………… ENERGY ………………… ENERGY

............................. .............................

............................. .............................

.............................

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Artificial Concrete Crops Endangered

Energy Polluted Enviroment Factory

Free range Fuel Organic Pesticides

Public transport Traffic Veal wildlife

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9. This farm is like a................... The animals are treated like machines.

10. In order to produce ..................., farmers take calves from their mothers when they aretwo weeks old and keep them in small, dark cages.

11. Oil is the main source of ................... in this country. It would be good to use cleanersources like the wind and the sun.

12. There would be less................. on the roads if the government made ................... cheaper.

13.Our new car is very economical on .................... It can do 100 kilometres on six litres.

14. A ship carrying oil crashed on the rocks here last year and now a lot the coasts is...................

How many words can you find? They all have something to do with NATURE and theENVIRONMENT

The words have been placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally or backwards. Whenyou locate a word, draw a circle around it.

In connected speech, if a word begins with a vowel sound, the previous con-sonant sound often ‘links on’. Listen to these time phrases.

for about six months a minute ago

since April for a while

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E. Word Search

A. Sound link

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Unit 4: Environment

a long time ago since eight o’clock

Practice saying the sentences, paying attention to the words that link together

Listen and write down the six sentences. Then practice saying them.

The stress in shown in dictionaries like this: ‘record (n) and re’cord (v). Use adictionary to mark the stress in the following word families. Then listen andcheck.

Practice saying the words, paying attention to the different stress patterns.

Reading 1: ARE YOU SAD?

The weather affects everyone, but some people react to changes in the weather more thanothers. For several years, doctors have been studying people who become depressed whenthe seasons change. These people suffer from Seasonal Affective Disorder, of SAD. Somepeople have a mild form of SAD, which does not affect lives very much. But, other peoplehave a more serious form. When the season change, they become very depressed.

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Who suffers from SAD?

Millions of people haveSAD. It affects more womenthan men, usually adults between the ages of 20 and 40. However, SAD canaffect children, too. Peoplewho live in cold climates aremore likely to have SADthan people who live inwarm climates.

Why do people get SAD?

Scientists are trying to understand the causes ofSAD. They think the main

cause is related to seasonalchanges in the amount ofsunlight. That’s why themost common form of SADoccurs during the winterwhen the days are shorter and

there is less sunlight. Anothercause is related to thechanges in body temperaturethat occur during the winter.

The effects of SAD

SAD can affect people inseveral ways. First of all, itcan affect how you feel, oryour mood. Most peoplewith SAD get depressed for several months everyyear. Other effects includehow much you eat and sleep,and how well you deal withstress. For example,

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B. Stress within word families

1. Imagine (v) Imagination (n) Imaginary (adj)

2. Organize (v) Organized (adj) Organization (n)

3. Politics (n) Politician (n) Political (adj)

4. Psychology (n) Psychologist (n) Psychological (adj)

5. Satisfy (v) Satisfaction (n) Satisfactory (adj)

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Study these words from the article. Complete the chart. Write each word nextto the correct definition.

Check the topics discussed in the article.

Complete the sentences with the causes and effects of SAD

Causes of SAD include...

1. Seasonal changes in........................................................2. Changes in ......................................................................Effects of SAD include...

3. The way we.....................................................................4. How much we........................................and....................5. How well we....................................................................

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artificial concentrate depressed mild stress

1. Not natural; made by people

2. Very sad

3. The feeling of being worried because of difficulties in your life

4. To think very carefully about something you are doing

5. Not too strong or serious

1. which people are affected by SAD

2. How people with SAD may feel

3. The treatments for SAD

4. The causes of SAD

5. How teachers help children with SAD

6. The history of SAD

in the winter, some peoplefeel tired all the time and wantto be alone. They can’t con-centrate very well on work.

Treating SAD

A long walk in the middle ofthe day usually helps fightthe effects of SAD. Bright

lights in the home and officealso help. Some people buyspecial lights that give off ar-tificial sunlight. Whenspring comes, most SADsufferers feel fine again.

SAD in the summer

Some people suffer from

SAD in the summer, but it isnot very common. Peoplewith summer SAD may notbe able to sleep or eat well.These people may feel betterif they stay in air-conditionedplaces.

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Reading 2: SAVE THE ELEPHANTS

Read the title and the first paragraph of the letter. Then answer these questions1. Who was the letter to? Who is the letter from?.................................................................................2. What do you think the writer of the letter wants?.................................................................................

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SAVE THE ELEPHANTS FUND

2354 Massachusetts Avenue, NW

Washington, D.C. 01012

October 14, 2004

Dear friend of SAVE THE ELEPHANTSFUND,

Thank you for your generous donationlast year. Your money helped us to open a wildlife park in Kenya aspart of our work to help protect the 500,000 elephants left in Africa.

Unfortunately, elephants are endangered in other parts of theworld, too, and we need your help again. This time we need youto help us in Thailand.

One hundred years ago, millions of wild elephants lived in Asia.Today, there are only 30,000 Asian elephants. The situation in Thai-land is especially serious. Thailand now has only 1,800 to 2,000elephants. Experts believe that by the year 2010, elephants in Thai-land will be extinct.

Why are elephants in Thailand endangered?

● They don't have enough food to eat

Paper companies cut down banana trees and bamboo. Theseplants are native to Thailand, and they are eaten by elephants.The companies plant eucalyptus trees instead. The eucalyptus

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Read each statement. Decide if it is true or false. Write T (True) or F (False)next to it.

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SAVE THE ELEPHANTS FUND

● Hunters kill hundreds of wild elephants every year.Hunting elephants is not legal inThailand, but many hunters killthese animals anyway. These ille-gal hunters make a lot of moneyfrom selling elephant tusks. Theonly way to get the tusk off theelephant is to kill the animal. Thehunters sell the tusks to peoplewho make furniture, jewelry, andart from the ivory in the tusks.

What can we do?With your help and donation, this year we will:● Teach companies in Thailand about trees that are good forbusiness and good for elephants● Pay for game warders to protect the elephants from illegalhunting● Convince people around the world not to buy things made ofivory ● Help hunters to find other way to make moneyLast year you helped Kenya’s elephants. This year Thailand’s elephants need your help. Please send your donation today.Thank you.Sincerely,

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............................ 1. Last year Save the Elephants Fund used donations to open a wildlife park in Kenya.

............................ 2. There are more than 2,000 wild elephants in Thailand now.

............................ 3. Paper companies in Thailand find banana trees useful for boxes and other paper products.

............................ 4. In Thailand, it is illegal to hunt elephants.

............................ 5. Save the Elephants Fund wants the paper companies to leave Thailand.

............................ 6. Save the Elephants Fund wants to help hunters in Thailand to find other jobs.

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First read the article, and try to guess the missing words. Then listen and check your

answers.

MEDICINAL PLANTS

When settlers in the United States spread west in the 1800s, theythought nothing of cutting down forests and killing .................1 todevelop their country.

Today, developing countries are cutting down their forests becausetheir people want a better life. But ...............2 say that this a disaster.The rain ..........................3 are home to half the world’s species.Undiscovered rain-forest plants could be used as ...............4 drugs totreat diseases like AIDS and cancer. Two of today’s most powerful

anti-cancer medicines come from a single rain-forest ...............5.Many kinds of plants, which could be the sources of tomorrow’scures, are being destroyed at the rate of ...............6 to ................7

everyday.

Developing countries think that it is wrong for people who...............8 their own forests long ago to tell them not to develop.They also feel that when a drug company discovers a ...............9 intheir rain forest, the company should share its profits with them.

Five people are talking about recycling these items. Write down the item each person

is talking about. Then write one way the item can be recycled.

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A. Medical plants

B. Recycling

a used envelope empty containers a chipped cup

used aluminum foil old reports

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Unit 4: Environment

Which of these problems do you think will cause the most damage to the world? Why? Rankthem from 1 (the most serious) to 6 (the least serious)

Example: I think water pollution will cause the most damage because it will kill fish and other wildlife

Look at the photos and then discuss the questions below.

• What is happening in each photo?

• What benefits to the environment do you see in each photo?

Example: The wind is creating energy. It’s good because it’s a clean form of energy.

Why do environmentalists say we should avoid spray cans, practice organicfarming and use unleaded petrol, recycled paper and bottle banks? What elseare they in favour of?

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1

A. Threats to our environment

............................ More and more people are living in cities

............................ Rivers, lakes, and oceans are becoming more polluted

............................ The air in our cities is becoming more polluted

............................ The greenhouse effect is causing the earth’s temperature to rise

............................ The population of the world is growing too quickly

............................ Holes are developing in the earth’s ozone layer, the part of the atmos-phere that protects the earth from dangerous radiation

B. Saving the environment

2

Item One way to recycle

1. old reports Use them for note paper

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Unit 4: Environment

Look at the following letter from Save the Dolphins. Complete the sentencesusing the words in the list below. Three of the words are not used.

Sarah is getting married. She and her future husband are very active in Savethe Elephant Fund. Sarah just received a wedding gift of ivory- handled knivesand forks from her grandmother. She is writing a letter to her grandmother totell her why she cannot accept the gift.

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1

2

by the year donation illegal logger protect

convince hunter ivory native wild

SAVE THE DOLPHINS

1452 Battery St., Suite 200San Francisco, CA 941111January 17, 2010Dear Friend of the Dolphin,Chinese white dolphins are(1).............................. to the area near HongKong. They are endangered because thewater near Hong Kong is becoming very dirty.If we don’t (2)...................... these dolphins,they might become extinct (3)........................... 2020.We need to (4) ........................... companies to stop putting chemicalsand garbage in the water. We are also working to make it(5)............................................... to catch the Chinese white dolphinsand put them in aquariums. Dolphins are (6).....................................animals- they never live very long in aquariums.Your (7)......................................... will help us start a Hong Kong Har-bor water cleanup project. Please send a check today so that we cansave the Chinese white dolphins. Sincerely, John Jackson

convince endangered hunter ivory protect wild

donation extinct illegal logger save

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Unit 4: Environment

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May 30, 2010

Dear Grandma,The wedding gift you sent is really beautiful. You are very kind, but I cannotaccept this gift. I wanted to write this letter to tell you why. I hope that you understand.The knives and forks have handles madeof ivory.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Unit 4: Environment

113ENG103_Bai 3_2010.11.05.11.20_b1_v0.1

WARMING UP

A.

1. a 2.b 3. c 4. b 5. c

6. c 7. a 8. a 9. c 10. a

GRAMMAR

1

2

1. Coffee is grown in Kenya.

2. The Times newspaper is published in London.

3. Shoes are made in Calatayud.

4. Oranges are transported from Valencia to Germany in special crates.

5. The parcel is being sent by sea.

6. The forests of Indonesia are being destroyed.

7. The man was eaten by the shark.

No. Activity

1. Plant trees

2. Hunt animals

3. Recycle waste

4. Donate money to protect endangered animals

5. Go to work by private cars

6. Use public vehicles such as bus, underground

No. Active Passive

1. They listen to music.

2. She is reading an e-mail.

3. These cars are produced in Japan.

4. Alan teaches Geography.

5. German is spoken in Austria.

6. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake.

7. Henry Ford invented the assembly line.

8. The bus driver was hurt.

9. You should open your workbooks.

10. Houses have been built.

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Unit 4: Environment

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8. The fire was started by the arsonist.

9. He was taken away by the police.

10. He's been treated very well.

11. The kitchen hasn't been cleaned yet.

12. He wasn't punished for what he did.

3

1d 2a 3a 4c 5d 6d

7d 8c 9b 10a 11c 12c

13a 14c 15a 16a 17d 18a

19c 20c 21b 22a 23b 24b

4

1. will be notified 2. didn't remember 3. is restored

4. was ruled/ walked/ stood 5. is visited 6. have lived/ lives

7. was followed/ felt 8. died 9. is influenced

10. will be told

VOCABULARY

A.

1. Mount Kilimanjaro 2. The Volga

3. Venezuela 4. New Zealand

5. A delta is at the mouth of a river where the river divides and flows into the sea in a number of different channels. The River Nile has one.

6. The Straits of Gibraltar are at the western entrance to the Mediterranean and the Cape of Good Hope is at the southern tip of Africa.

B.

1

Possible answers:

1. Scotland 5. flatter 9. the Western Highlands

2. country 6. agriculture 10. Ben Nevis

3. the north of Britain 7. Scotland 11. Overfishing

4. mountainous 8. the Clyde 12. Scotland

2

1. ocean 2. island 3. mouth 4. tributary 5. source

6. glacier 7. summit 8. cliff 9. brook 10. peninsula

3

1. sandy beach/shore 3. shallow brook/bay 5. turbulent river/sea

2. steep gorge/hill 4. rocky coast/mountain 6. dangerous cliff/current

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Unit 4: Environment

4

1. shallow 2. steep 3. sandy 4. calm 5. active (dormant)

C.

1

a. Battery farming e. destruction of the rainforests

b. Overfishing f. air pollution

c. Greenhouse effect g. the destruction of the ozone layer d. Overpopulation h. waste disposal

2

3

1. disposal 2. heavily 3. overpopulated 4. layer

5. greenhouse 6. resources 7. overfishing 8. destruction

9. farming 10. conditions

4

1. rain forest 2. recycling 3. ozone layer 4. greenhouse 5. warming

6. pollution 7. alternative 8. solar 9. species 10. public

11. fossil 12. acid

5

1. recycle 2. waste; save/conserve 3. cut down/destroy; protect

D.

2

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Noun Verb Noun Verb

Waste waste protection Protect

Pollution pollute destruction Destroy

Damage damage survival survive

Nonrenewable ENERGY Renewable ENERGY

GAS SOLAR

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Unit 4: Environment

3

1. endangered 2. wildlife 3. concrete 4. environment

5. artificial 6. organic 7. free range 8. crops, pesticides

9. factory 10. veal 11. energy

12. traffic, public transport 13. fuel 14. polluted

E

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Nonrenewable ENERGY Renewable ENERGY

OIL WIND

COAL BIOMASS

URANIUM

.

WATER

. GEOTHERMAL

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Unit 4: Environment

PRONUNCIATION

READING

Reading 1:

1

1. artificial 2. depressed 3. stress

4. concentrate 5. mild

2

1 2 3 4

3

Causes of SAD include....

1. Seasonal changes in the amount of sunlight2. changes in body temperatureEffects of SAD include....

3. the way we feel4. how much we eat and sleep5. how well we deal with stress

Reading 2:

A.

1

• The letter was to friends of SAVE THE ELEPHANTS FUND

• The letter is from Mark Grow, executive director of SAVE THE ELEPHANTS FUND

2

The writer wants to call for donation.

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1. Imagine (v) Imagination (n) Imaginary (adj)

2. Organize (v) Organized (adj) Organization (n)

3. Politics (n) Politician (n) Political (adj)

4. Psychology (n) Psychologist (n) Psychological (adj)

5. Satisfy (v) Satisfaction (n) Satisfactory (adj)

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Unit 4: Environment

B.

1. T 2. F 3. F

4. T 5. F 6. T

LISTENING

A.

1

1. wildlife 2. scientists 3. forests

4. medicinal 5. flower 6. 50

7. 100 8. destroyed 9. cure

2.

SPEAKING

B.

1

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Item One way to recycle

1. old reports Use them for note paper/reuse the other side

2. a chipped cup Put pens and pencils in it (and keep it on yourdesk)/put flowers in it (and use it as a vase)

3. a used envelope Get a new label and put it on top of the old address,and then buy a bigger stamp and put it on top of theold stamp

4. empty containers Put leftovers in it/put cookies in it

5. used aluminum foil Wrap your food with it/wrap your lunch in it/cover asaucepan with it

What the photo shows Benefits to the environment

A wind farm Wind can be used to create electricity. It’s a renewable energy source that causes little or no pollution

People planting a tree Trees produce oxygen for us to breathe; the roots of a treekeep the soil from eroding (washing away); trees create shadefrom the sun and help people stay cool without having to useextra energy

People recycling newspaper The newspapers can be used for making recycled paper instead of taking up space in landfills or being burned

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Unit 4: Environment

2

Some possible answers:

Spray cans destroy the ozone layer.

Organic farming means that fewer chemicals pollute the land – and our bodies.

Unleaded petrol causes less air pollution than leaded petrol.

Recycling paper means that fewer trees need to be cut down.

Using bottle banks means that glass is re-used rather than thrown away. There is, thus less wastageof resources.

Environmentalists are also in favour of using solar or wind energy, of using as little plastic as pos-sible (because it is not bio-degradable) and of planting new trees instead of simply increasing theamount of land given over to agriculture.

WRITING

A.

1. native 2. protect 3. by the year 4. convince

5. illegal 6. wild 7. donation

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Unit 4: Environment

English words Pronunciation Part of speech Vietnamese equivalents

A

Alternative /ɒl’tɜː.nə.tɪv/ Adj,n Khác, có thể chọn để

thay thế một vật khác

B

Battery farming n Trại gà chuồng

Bay /beɪ/ n Vịnh

Biomass /’baɪ.əʊˌmæs/ n Năng lượng sinh khối

(vật liệu sinh học được lấy

từ cơ thể sinh vật, hay vừa

mới tồn tại trong cơ thể

sinh vật (chất thải))

Brook /brʊk/ n Suối

C

Cape /keɪp/ n Mũi đất nhô ra biển

Cliff /klɪf/ n Vách đá (nhô ra biển)

Concrete /’kɒŋ.kriːt/ Adj,n Làm bằng bê tông

Copse /kɒps/ n Bãi trồng cây

Cove /kəʊv/ n Vịnh nhỏ

D

Delta /’del.tə/ n Vùng châu thổ

Destruction Dɪˈstrʌk.ʃən/ n Sự phá hủy

Disastrous /dɪˈzɑː.strəs/ adj Tai hại, thảm khốc

E

Ecological /,iː.kə’lɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/ adj (thuộc) sinh thái học

Endangered /ɪn’deɪn.dʒəd/ adj (động vật) có nguy cơ

tuyệt chủng

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Unit 4: Environment

Estuary /’es.tjʊə.ri/ n Cửa sông

Extinct /ɪk’stɪŋkt/ adj Tắt (núi lửa), tuyệt chủng

F

Foil /fɔɪl/ n Lá (kim loại)

Footpath /’fʊt.pɑːθ/ n Đường nhỏ

Fuel /fjʊəl/ n Nhiên liệu

G

Geothermal /,dʒiː.əʊ ˈθɜː.məl/ adj Địa nhiệt

Geyser /’giː.zər / n Mạch nước phun

Glacier /’glæs.i.ər / n Sông băng

Global warming n Sự nóng lên toàn cầu

Gorge /gɔːdʒ/ n Hẻm núi, đèo

Greenhouse effect n Hiệu ứng nhà kính

Gulf /gʌlf/ n Vịnh

H

Hillock /’hɪl.ək/ n Đồi nhỏ

L

Lane /leɪn/ n Đường nhỏ

M

Medicinal /mə’dɪs.ɪ.nəl/ adj (dùng để) chữa bệnh

Mouth /maʊθ/ n Cửa (sông, hang)

N

Nonrenewable /nɒn- rɪˈnjuː.ə.bl/ adj Không thể hồi phục, không thể thay mới

O

Organic /ɔːˈgæn.ɪk/ adj Hữu cơ

Overfishing /,əʊ.və.’fɪʃ.ɪŋ/ n Đánh bắt quá nhiều cá

Overpopulation /’əʊ.və,pɒp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ n Dân số quá đông

Ozone layer n Tầng ozon

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Unit 4: Environment

P

Panel /’pæn.əl/ n Ván ô, panen

Peak /piːk/ n Đỉnh (núi)

Peninsula /pə’nɪnt .sjʊ.lə/ n Bán đảo

Pesticide /’pes.tɪ.saɪd/ n Thuốc trừ sâu

Puddle /’pʌd.l ̩/ n Vũng nước nhỏ

Recycle /,riː’saɪ.kl ̩/ v Tái chế

R

Renewable /rɪˈnjuː.ə.bl ̩/ adj Có thể hồi phục, có thể thay mới

Ridge /rɪdʒ/ n Ngọn, đỉnh (núi)

S

Shallow /’ʃæl.əʊ/ adj Nông, cạn, không sâu

Solar /’səʊ.lər/ adj (năng lượng) mặt trời

Species /’spiː.ʃiːz/ n Loài

Steep /stiːp/ adj Dốc, dốc đứng

Stream /striːm/ n Dòng suối

Summit /’sʌm.ɪt/ n đỉnh, điểm cao nhất

Survive /sə’vaɪv/ v Tiếp tục tồn tại, sống sót

T

Tributary /’trɪb.jʊ.tər.i/ n Nhánh (sông)

Turbulent /’tɜː.bjʊ.lənt/ adj Thay đổi bất thường

V

Veal /viːl/ n Bê, thịt bê

W

Waste disposal n Xử lý rác thải

Waterfall /’wɔː.tə.fɔːl/ n Thác nước

Wildlife /’waɪld.laɪf/ n Những thú vật, chim muông … hoang dã

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