UNIT 3: COMPANIES - Topica

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UNIT 3: COMPANIES

Lecturer: David Shinn

Editor: Hana Nguyen

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INTRODUCTIONTarget of lesson….

3. Develop

Reading skills

4. Improve

Listening skills

5. Talk about types

of company

6. Practice

Group Discussion

1. Understand & use

Vocabulary

2. Understand & use Present

Simple & Present Continuous

7. Write a proposal

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PART 1. STARTING UP

A company cannot be existed if it fails to communicate to customers!

Be everywhere , do everything, and

Never fail to astonish the customer

Q1: Which of these companies

would you like to work for? Why?

3. your own

company

1. a family

owned company

2. a multinational

company

If you have already got

a job, you can also talk

about your career

ambition in 5 or 10 years.

Don’t forget to give

reasons for your option.

I’d like to work for my own

company because I love to

manage others. That’s why I’m

studying business management

at my university …

3

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PART 1. STARTING UP (cont…)




Q1: Which of these companies

would you like to work for? Why?

3. your own

company

1. a family

owned company

2. a multinational

company



about your career




I always hope to work for

a family owned company since

I like a friendly and warm working

environment just like in a family….

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Which of these business sectors do you

work in (or would you like to work in)?

3. your own

company

1. a family

owned company

2. a multinational

company



about your career




I’m expecting to work for a

multinational company because

I think there I can have chance

to gain more working

experience and ….

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Which of these business sectors do you

work in (or would you like to work in)?

Introduce the

sector you’re working

in: your company,

your position…

If you haven’t had

a job, you can relate

this question to the

area you’re majoring

in at the university.

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*Telecommunications/ Media

* Engineering

* Retailing

* Construction

* Tourism

* Banking and finance

* Transport

* Vehicle manufacturing

* T (Information Technology)/

Electronics

* Food and drink

* Pharmaceuticals/Chemicals

* Other

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I work in tourism. I’m working as a guide for

Hai Van Tourism and International Transport

Company. I’ve traveled to a lot of places in

Vietnam in my job. I love my job because I

want to introduce the beauty of Vietnam to

international visitors and make friends from

different cultures. However, I sometimes feel

exhausted of travelling too much and dealing

with situations in which my customers

having troubles with cultural shocks.7


* Engineering

* Retailing

* Construction

* Tourism


* Transport


* T (Information Technology)/Electronics

* Food and drink


* Other

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I work in the construction sector. My company’s

name’s Song Da Construction Company. I’m a

Civil engineer. I’m responsible for designing

construction work such as: houses, building,

bridges, and roads. I like my job because I’ve

always loved painting and designing. Apart from

that, I could earn quite a lot of money since there

have been an increasing number of construction

projects in Hanoi as well as in Vietnam. However,

I sometimes hate my job when I have to work

under high pressure of a tight deadline. 8


* Engineering

* Retailing

* Construction

* Tourism


* Transport



* Food and drink


* Other

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I’m a student and I’d like to work for food

and drink sector because I’m majoring in

Food and Biology Technology. I’m in my last

year at university and I’ve taken work

placement in 2 companies specializing in

food and beverage. After some months

trying to work there I actually gained some

experience in my major. And I’ll do my best

to follow my ambition because my field has

been very trendy and popular in Vietnam.9


* Engineering

* Retailing

* Construction

* Tourism


* Transport



* Food and drink


* Other

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PART 2. VOCABULARY

VOCABULARY RELATING TO COMPANY

• Share price: The price of one share of stock.

• Subsidiary: a company which is owned by a larger company.

• Market Share: the number of things that a company sells compared with the number of things of the same

type that other companies sell in a same market.

• Head-office: the main office of an organization where most of the administrative work is done and where the

boards of directors meets.

• Exclusive Distributor: only certain dealers are authorized to sell a specific product within a particular territory.

• Organizational chart: a table or plan showing a company’s structure graphically.

• Personnel Department: Department responsible for recruitment and welfare of staffs or employees.

• Stakeholder: A person, group or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can

affect or be affected by the organization’s actions, objectives and policies.

• Shareholder: One who owns shares of stock in a corporation or mutual fund.

• Turn-over: sometimes a synonym for revenue (or in certain contexts means sales).10

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Exercise 1

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence:

1. The amount of money a company receives from sales in a particular period is called its …………

2. The money a company makes after taking away its costs and tax is its …………

3. A company which is more than 50% owned by parent company is called a …………

4. The employees in a particular country or business are called the …………

5. The percentage of sales a company has in a particular market is its …………

6. The main building or location of a large organisation is its …………

7. The cost of a company's shares is its …………

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Exercise 2

Complete the extract from a company report with appropriate words in the box.

I am pleased to say the company has continued its excellent performance. We are changing, growing and

doing well at a difficult time for the industry. ………… (1) was €57.2 million, an increase of 15% on last year,

and ………… (2) rose by 5% to €6.4 million. We are a highly competitive business. We have increased our

………… (3) to 20%. Consequently our ………… (4) has risen and is now at an all-time high of €9.6. Increased

production and strong demand have had a positive effect on our cash flow, so we are able to finance a number

of new projects. We have successfully moved to our new ………… (5) in central London. We are now planning

to start full production at the recently opened Spanish ………… (6) in October. Finally, thanks once again to our

loyal and dedicated ………… (7). Our employees will always be our most valuable asset.

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share price workforce subsidiary

profit Turnover

market share head office

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Exercise 3

Do the following quizzes to check how much you understand about companied in the world:

Cisco Systems is a ………… company. It is an Internet equipment supplier.

a. American

b. Spanish

c. French

d. Italian

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Keys

Exercise 1:

1. turnover

2. profit

3. subsidiary

4. workforce

5. market share

6. head office

7. share price

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Exercise 2:

1. Turnover

2. profit

3. market share

4. share price

5. head office

6. subsidiary

7. workforce

Exercise 3: a

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PART 3. LISTENING

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FAMOUS ONLINE RETAILER

In the World

In Vietnam

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Company culture plays a very important part in

every company’s activity. It’s the ways the staff

behave, and communicate with customers and

staff themselves. That’s the “front” face of a

company which gives clients the first

impression. This will have a big influence on

later business.

I don’t know much about management but as a

employee I think it would be very motivated for

workers if the boss would listen and do good

for his workers. The employees would be

absolutely happy to do what their boss tells

them to do. They would be more responsible

for the work because I believe that they also

want to respond to the boss’ care and trust.

PART 3. LISTENING (cont…)

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Starting with a

simple business

idea that is

easy to

understand.

Focusing

on how to

increase

market

share

Having a strong

company culture

Responding to

the needs of

the workforce

Having user-friendly

packaging

Having good

designers

who also

understand

production

Why are

they

successful?

I know many successful businesses which

begin from simple ideas. I understand that

normally people want to do big things but I also

learnt a lesson that we should start from

something useful and closed to our lives like:

the knife your mom uses for cooking the meal,

the cards your sister buys for an anniversary

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PART 3. LISTENING (cont…)

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Sweden Home Furnishings

Peter Jelkeby

UK Deputy Country Manager

What made the company so successful

GUIDE TO DO EXERCISES

Talk is divided into 3 parts and there are listening exercises for each part of the talk

Listen to the whole talk first

Then listen each part again and do the respective listening exercises

• Ex 1:

Listen to the first part of the talk

Select 04 out of 06 factors mentioned in the talk

• Ex 2:

Listen to the second part of the interview

Choose the best option to fill into the gap

• Ex 3:

Listen to the last part of the talk

Choose question was talk at the beginning

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Exercise 1

Select 04 out of 06 following factors that are mentioned in the listening:

1. focusing on how to increase market share

2. having a strong company culture

3. having user-friendly packaging

4. having good designers who also understand production

5. responding to the needs of the workforce

6. starting with a simple business idea that is easy to understand

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a. 1-6-2-5

b. 3-5-6-2

c. 4-3-6-1

d. 6-2-4-3

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Exercise 2

Listen to the second part of the interview add choose the best answer to complete these notes:

IKEA manages to stay ahead of the competition by:

• ………… (1) the market and the customer ………… (2)

• understanding how the ………… (3) are acting

• being not only about products, but also about ………… (4) to people's needs

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• link / need

• understanding / needs

• against / trends

• link / lives

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Exercise 3

Listen to the final part and decide which of the following was the interviewer's question

1. What new projects are you currently involved in?

2. How can you keep up you performance at such a difficult time for the economy?

3. What are the things a successful international business must do?

4. Where are you planning to expand in the next five days?

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Keys

Exercise 1: d

Exercise 2:

1. understanding

2. needs

3. competitors

4. offering solutions

Exercise 3: 3

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PART 4. READING

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PART 4. READING (cont…)

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PART 4. READING (cont…)

Guide to do exercises

• Read the questions and options first

• Read the text again

• Using dictionary if necessity but not preferred

• Translate the whole text into Vietnamese after finishing

• Check your answers with our keys

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Exercise

Read the articles 1 and 2 and then choose the company that does the following activities:

………… gains the highest score for contributing to the charity and sponsorship to the communities.

a. Toyota

b. Dell

c. Microsoft

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Key

Exercise: C

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PART 5. LANGUAGE REVIEW

Present Simple

FORM

( + ) Subject + Vbare-inf

E.g: She gets up at 6 o’clock everyday

( - ) Subject + do/does + not + Vbare-inf

E.g: She does not get up at 6 o’clock everyday

( ? ) Do/Does + Subject + Vbare-inf ?

E.g: Does she get up at 6 o’clock everyday?

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PART 5. LANGUAGE REVIEW (cont…)

Present Simple

USES: We use the present simple to

• Give actual information about permanent activities

Valentino makes luxury chocolates.

• Describe the state that doesn’t change

He looks like his father

Nothing succeeds like success

• Talk about routine activities, repeat actions or habits. This use of present simple is often associated with adverbs of

frequency

We usually have our weekly sales meeting on Mondays

We sometimes get complaints, but not many

• There are verbs that we normally use only in simple tenses, not in continuous tense such as believe, belong, depend, like,

love, know, etc.

There are verbs describe states, not actions

It depends on the exchange rate

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Present Simple

FORM

( + ) Subject + am/is/are + Ving

E.g: They are working

She is working

( - ) Subject + am/is/are + not + Ving

E.g: They are not working

She is not working

( ? ) Am/Is/Are + Subject + Ving?

E.g: Are they working?

Is she working?

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Present Simple

USES: We use the present continuous to

• Describe activities in progress at the moment of speaking

She is talking to him on the phone right now.

• Describe temporary situations

The delegation is staying at the Hilton until Friday.

• Refer to future agreement

He is starting a new job next week.

• Describe changing situation.

We are developing a new marketing strategy.

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Exercise 1

Complete these sentences with either the present simple or the present continuous form of the verbs

in brackets.

1. We normally ………… (hold) our sales conference in Spain, but this year we ………… (hold) it in Poland.

2. Although we ………… (use) our own sales rep at the moment, we generally ………… (use) agents in

Japan.

3. It normally ………… (take) us two years to develop a new product.

4. We don't often ………… (raise) our prices more than 5%, but this time we ………… (raise) them 10%.

5. Usually our Sales Director ………… (deal) with important customers.

6. We usually ………… (recruit) from within the company, but this time we ………… (advertise) externally.

7. We ………… (rent) offices until our new headquarters are ready.

8. The company ………… (want) to achieve record sales this year.

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Exercise 2

Choose the best answer to complete this job advertisement below:

We ………… (1) one of the largest mobile-phone retailers in Europe. We ………… (2) independent

and impartial advice on mobile phones. We ………… (3) more than 800 stores in 10 countries, and we

………… (4) fast.

We ………… (5) over 3,000 workers. Currently, we ………… (6) the next stage in our development, and we

………… (7) for major growth outside Europe.

We ………… (8) for people who are reliable, confident and enthusiastic. We ………… (9) experienced people

who want to work for an expanding company. We ………… (10) a competitive salary and private health

insurance. We are willing to reward staff with attractive performance-based bonuses.

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Keys

Exercise 1

1. hold; are holding

2. are using; use

3. takes

4. raise; are raising

5. deals

6. recruit; are advertising

7. are renting

8. wants

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Exercise 2:

1. are

2. offer

3. have

4. are growing

5. employ

6. are considering

7. are preparing

8. are looking

9. need

10. offer/are offering

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PART 6. SKILLS

Look at advices for making presentations

Listen to a presentation about a fashion company

Make a presentation

Student

Will

Presentation CasesFor academic purposes

For business purposes

Have you ever given any presentation?

What experience have you got?

What did you find the most difficulty?

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PART 6. SKILLS (cont…)

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Presenting Tips

1. Find out as much as possible about your audience’s

information and adapt your presentation

2. Introduce yourself (name, position, company)

3. Start with a joke

4. Outline the structure of your talk

5. Vary the tone of your voice

6. Refer to your notes as often as possible

7. Use clear visual aids, such as audio, video, projector, etc

8. Summarize your main points

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Presenting Tips

• Read the instruction

• Choose the tip you agree with

• Write down reasons for your option

• Make your own tip if you don’t satisfy with the listed tips

• It is preferred to tell your true stories or experience

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That’s finding out as much as possible about your

audience. I remember that a well-known author who

gives advices to people wanting to give effective

presentations that: “Focus on your audience, not

yourself and tell them what they need to know, not

all you know!”. As I know the general purposes of

presentations are to inform, persuade, and motivate

others. Put yourself in the audience's shoes - try to

understand your listener's level of understanding,

their map of reality, and anticipate what they want to

know. Once you know what your audience wants,

you can figure out how to "sell" the benefits of your

topic to them.

I agree with the idea number 4 the most because I believe that

presenting is among the most difficult tasks, especially in English

and in front of the company outsiders. So you can’t do this difficult

task well without preparing it well. Research your topic and speak

about something you have earned the right to talk about through

experience or study. Anticipate questions, and make sure you

have the facts to answer them. This technique is really helpful for

the presenters who haven’t given much presentation. As the

teacher said, it will help you to keep track of what you are doing.But remember: don’t read notes, present them

I have read an article of how to make effective

presentation in which they reveal that: listeners can

receive 10% of what you say, but 50% of what they

see and 40% of how it sounds. Then I suppose that

visual aids, such as audio, video, projectors play a

great part in the success of your presentation. That’s

the most effective way to attract the audiences’

attention and give them the best demonstration of

what you are talking about. But don’t overuse them orthe audience may get confused and bored.

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Good morning, everyone. Thank for coming to my presentation. My name’s……I’m an Assistant Manager of

the Department of Education an International Relations of Topica. I’m going to talk to you today about our

organization. First, I’ll give you some basic information about Topica. Then I’ll talk about the education

methods. I’ll be pleased to answer any questions at the end of my talk.

Let’s start with some basic facts about Topica. Topica started in 2008. It is an educational program that

combines E-learning education and entrepreneurs developed and sponsored by Microsoft, Qualcomm, Hewlett

Packard, USAID, World Bank Infodev and Vietnam Foundation. Topica and Hanoi Open University are in

cooperation to develop Topica Online Bachelor Program which offers 4 majors:

- Applied Computer Engineering

- Bachelor of Business Management

- Bachelor of Finance and Accounting

- Bachelor of Finance and Banking

Right, those are the basic facts.

Now let me talk about the education methods. The learning process of students includes 4 basic phases:

(1) Lecture: students self-study on course book and

(2) Interaction: students exchange information about questions to the in-charge teachers, program officers and

students themselves through the program’s e-learning system or the offline lessons

(3) Practice: After a certain learning section, there often a quiz and a case study for students to accomplish

with the knowledge they’ve gain about the subject.

(4) Examination: At the end of the subject , there will be an exam. Besides that student have to take the

conditional tests in the form of multiple choice test when they are in the middle of the course.

For more information, please visit our website: www.topica.edu.vn

Well, thanks very much for listening to y talk. Are there any questions?

ROLE-PLAYING TASK

• Find a partner to practice

• Choose a company- your own

• company or a company you

know well

• Role play

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Exercise 1

Listen to a presentation about Tara Fashions. Match the information in columns A and B:

39

Where is the head office?

What does it sell?

Who are its customers?

Annual turnover?

Number of stores:

in Spain?

in other European cities?

Strengths

Annual net profits?

Future plans?

Cordoba, Spain

15

14 (5 new stores next year)

Can bring out new designs very quickly

Desigbs sold at right price

€ 260 million

Clothes

€ 16 million

Fashion-conscious men and women aged 20-35

New store in New York next year

A B

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Exercise 2

Which of the suggestions below does the speaker follow?

To make an effective presentation, you should:

1. fine out as much as possible about your audience.

2. introduce yourself (name, position, company).

3. start with a joke.

4. outline the structure of your talk.

5. vary the tone of your voice.

6. refer to your notes as often as possible.

7. use clear visual aids.

8. summarise your main points.

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• 2, 4, 5

• 1, 4, 6

• 2, 3, 7

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Keys

• Exercise 1

• Exercise 2: 2, 4, 5

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Where is the head office? Cordoba, Spain

What does it sell? Clothes

Who are its customers? Fashion-conscious men and women aged 20-35

Annual turnover? 260 million

Annual net profits? 16 million

Number of stores:

in Spain?

in other European cities?

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14 (5 new stores next year)

Strengths Can bring out new designs very quickly

Desigbs sold at right price

Future plans? New store in New York next year

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PART 7. CASE – STUDY

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Valentino Chocolate …

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PART 7. CASE – STUDY (cont…)

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Reasons for falling profits

Prices Higher than competitors’ prices to price-cutting

Production Delays due to old machinery breaking down

Demand Falling demand or new products (Buiscuits and cakes) and Classic Bar

Staff morale Sales team and production staff demotivated

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TIPS to do TASK:

1. Find a partner to do task with you.

2. Make sure you understand the background information and task well.

3. You should outline or writing down your ideas before discussing.

Task

You are directors of Valentino. Meet to discuss your investment plan.

1. Work in pairs. Decide how to spend the €1.5 million. Prepare a

presentation of your investment plan, with reasons for your choices.

2. Meet as one group and present your ideas.

3. As one group, agree on a final investment plan.

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Thank you,….. I’m……, research and development manager. Let me

start the presentation with the option of buying new machinery. As

you can see in our report last financial year, one of the reasons of

falling profits is about production: there’ve been delays due to old

machinery breaking down for which we lost more than €200,000. Our

current machinery is quite old and in bad condition. They have been

started being in operation since1998. We have to spend a big

amount of money in mending and replacing broken down parts every

year. That’s why I believe we could save about 300,000 a year if we

buy new one. Next comes the second investment option, we decided

to invest in more research and development. There has been falling

demand for new products (biscuits and cakes) and Classic Bar for

poor design of packages and the inappropriate taste- too sweet. Last

year we lost €100,000 for these categories of product. So putting

money in more research and development will help develop new

products such as low-fat chocolate drink, new biscuits and cakes

Now let me continue with the third option: Invest in an existing

group of café. That’s Trung Nguyen group. Our current prices are

higher than the competitors’ prices due to price-cutting in the

industry. That’s why I don’t think we could afford new stores both

domestically and internationally. Meanwhile, Trung Nguyen is a big

group with more than 1000 sales outlets in the country and

abroad. We have had a negotiation with them and they agree to

have a business deal with us in which we will become a partner

with them and then they will sell and promote the brand of

Valentino Chocolates. The cost of this strategy is fairly high,

€500,000. But it will save us €1million to open new stores both

domestically and internationally

Thank you all for your presentation. Now I’m very pleased to answer

your questions

And about the last strategy: Buy a new fleet of cars. Some of you may

think that it’s a waste of money doing this, especially when the

company is in financial troubles. However we have reason to do this.

Yes, I’m mentioning about staff morale. As you all know, we’ve done a

survey on the staff of the whole company and the result revealed that

the sales team and production staff are demotivated. They claimed

that they would be more motivated and productive if their contributions

to the company are recognized and awarded. We haven’t listened to

our workforce for a long time and now it’s time to change. Although

this strategy is costly, but I believe that it will definitely increase the

motivation of the sales staff and the profit as well

SAMPLE

Good morning, everyone. I’m …………, managing director. We are

here today for the company investment plan. To solve our current

problems and enable Valentino to become a competitive

international business, we propose an investment of €1.5 million.

The Board of Director has agreed the following investment plan:

1. Buy new machinery

2. Invest in more research and development.

3. Invest in an existing group of café.

4. Buy a new fleet of cars

Now we’ll give you the reasons for our choices.

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CONCLUSION

• The lesson provides you with the vocabulary and word structures relating to company.

• There are grammatical items to express the forms and usages of Present Simple Tense and Present

Continuous Tense.

• Ss have chances to improve listening, speaking and reading skills by getting involved in different activities

relating to make a presentation.

• And finally Ss learn tips to discuss an investment plan.

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GLOSSARY

• Bargain /’ba:gin/ (n): món rẻ, món hời, sự mặc cả

• Charge /t∫a:dz/(v): tính tiền, tính giá

• Conceal /k∂n’si:l/ (v): giấu diếm, ẩn, che đậy.

• Concession /k∂n’se∫n/(n): nhượng bộ

• Database /`deit∂beis/(n): cơ sở dữ liệu

• Demise /di’maiz/ (n): kết thúc, cấm dứt

• Discount /’diskaunt/ (n): chiết khấu

• Dispatch /dis’p€t∫/ (v): gửi đi (thư, thông điệp), phái đi

• Enquiry /in’kwai∂ri/ (n): câu hỏi (tìm hiểu), yêu cầu, hỏi (thông tin)

• Eventually /i’vent∫u∂li/(adv): rốt cuộc, cuối cùng

• Facility/f∂’siliti/ (n): tiện ích, phương tiện, tiện nghi

• Fee /fi:/ (n): lệ phí, tiền thù lao

• Fixed /fikst/ (adj): cố định48

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• Frustrated /frˆs’treitid/ (adj): khó chịu, bực bội, nản lòng, nản chí

• Load /loud/ (v): nạp vào, chất vào

• productive /pr∂’dˆktiv/ (adj): có hiệu quả, năng suất

• Reasonable /’ri:zn∂bl/(adj): hợp lý, phải chăng.

• Refund /ri:’fˆnd/(n): tiền trả lại, (v) hoàn lại tiền

• Return /ri’t∂:n/ (n): trả lại

• Revolutionize/rev∂lu:∫∂naiz/ (v): cách mạng hóa

• Satisfactory /s€tí’f€ktri/ (adj): thỏa đáng

• Stimulus /’stimjul∂s/ (n): sự kích thích

• To get out of control: vượt tầm kiểm soát

• In advance: trước

• To buy in bulk: mua nhiều, mua sỉ

• In the original packaging: còn nguyên bao bì49

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• Cooling off period: thời hạn cho phép thay đổi hoặc hủy đơn đặt hàng

• Out of the stock: hết hàng

• To back up: sao lưu dự phòng

• Money back guarantee: đảm bảo hoàn lại tiền (nếu không hài lòng với sản phẩm, dịch vụ đã mua)

• Method of payment: phương thức thanh toán

• After sales service: dịch vụ hậu mãi

• To be in stock: còn hàng trong kho

• To appeal to sb: thu hút ai đó

• To be in agreement: đồng ý

• To go into liquidation: thanh lý

• To spring up: nảy sinh

• To have access to smt: có thể tiếp cận với

• To press sb to do smt: ép ai làm gì50

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• To convert smt into smt: chuyển đổi

• To run out of: hết

• To do the best: cố hết sức

• To regard smt/sb á smt/sb: xem (coi) cái gì (ai) là cái gì (ai)

• Aside from smt/sb: ngoài cái gì (ai) ra

• To be in the black: (làm ăn) có lãi, tốt hơn trước

• To be not out to do smt: không muốn có

• To be all things to all people: làm hài lòng tất cả mọi người

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• Adapt (v): thích nghi

• Annual (adj): hàng năm

• Approximately (adv): khoảng, xấp xỉ

• Asset (n): tài sản

• Banking (n): nghiệp vụ ngân hàng

• Campaign (n): chiến dịch

• Chart (n): sơ đồ, biểu đồ

• Conclude (v): kết luận

• Confident (adj): tin tưởng

• Constantly (adv): luôn luôn, liên tục, liên miên

• Construction (n): xây dựng

• Deal (n): thương vụ

• Dedicated (adj): tận tụy, tận tâm52

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• Distinct (adj): rõ ràng, dễ nhận thấy

• Distributor (n): nhà phân phối

• Downturn (v): suy giảm

• Electronics (pl): điện tử

• Engineering (n): kỹ thuật

• Enterprise (n): xí nghiệp

• Expand (v): tăng, tăng trưởng, mở rộng

• Finance (n): tài chính

• Global (adj): toàn cầu

• Headquarter (n): trụ sở chính

• Impartial (adj): vô tư, không thiên vị, công bằng

• Journal (n): tập san

• Knowledgeable (adj): hiểu biết rộng53

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• Loyal (adj): trung thành

• Majority (n): phần lớn, đa số

• Medium (n): sự trung gian, môi giới

• Morale (n): tinh thần, ý chí, nhuệ khí

• Network (n): mạng lưới

• Overdraft (n): bội chi, thấu chi

• Positive (adj): tích cực, chắc chắn

• Profit (n): lợi nhuận, lãi

• Retail (v): bán lẻ

• Revenue (n): Doanh thu

• Route (n): tuyến đường, cách thức

• Strength (n): thế mạnh

• Subsidiary (n): công ty con54

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• Telecommunication (n): viễn thông

• Tough (adj): khó khăn

• Tourism (n): du lịch

• Transport (n): giao thông

• Trend (n): xu hướng

• Unique (adj): độc đáo, duy nhất

• Up-to-date (adj): hiện đại, câp nhật

• Vehicle (n): xe cộ

• Widespread (adj): lan rộng, rộng khắp

• Workforce (n): lực lượng lao động

• Advice on st: khuyên (về) việc gì

• Performance-based bonus: thưởng theo thành tích đạt được

• Strategic thinking: suy nghĩ chiến lược

• To attract sb’s attention: thu hút sự chú ý55

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GLOSSARY (cont…)

• To be profession at: chuyên nghiệp về

• To buy out: bảo lãnh mua

• To consolidate sb’s position: củng cố địa vị

• To encourage sb to do st: khuyến khích ai làm gì

• To focus on st: tập trung vào

• To go international: kinh doanh quốc tế

• To go online: kinh doanh trên mạng

• To hang on to sb: nắm lấy ai

• To go public: niêm yết cổ phiếu trên thị trường chứng khoán, lên sàn

• To keep up with st/sb: theo kịp

• To link to st: liên kết với

• To set aside: đế sang một bên

• To slow down: chậm lại

• Working capital: vốn hoạt động56

UNIT 3: COMPANIES - Topica

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