Bangladesh J. Agriculturist. 1(1): 95-101, 2008 lssN 1812-4631

Etfect of Duration between Uprooting and Transplanting of Seedling and Fertilizer

Management on the Yield Performance ol Boro Rice under SRI Method

M Z Hossainr,M A R Sarkarand A K M M IslamDepartment of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

rAdditional Agriculture Officer, DAE, Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh

Agricultural University, Mymensingh to find out the effect of seedling storing time

between uprooting and transplanting and f'ertilizer management on yield of Boro rice(cv. BRRI dhan29) under SRI method. Four duration of storing seedlings after

uprooting viz. (i) 30 minutes (SRI recommended), (ii) two hours, (iii) four hours and

(iv) eight hours; and t'ive fertilizer management practices viz. (i) BRRI fertilizermanagement (120-60-40-10-5 kg N,P2O5,K2O, S, Zn ha-r, respectively), (ii) cowdung@ t0 t ha-', liii; poultry manure @ 5 t ha-r, 1iv; 507o of BRRI recornmended fertilizer+ 5OVo of the cowdung (v) 50c/o BRRI recommended f'ertilizer + 5OVo of the poultrymanure were included in the trial and the experiment was laid out in a randomized

complete block design with three replications. Time of storing seedlings viz. 30

minutes, 2 hours, 4 hours and 8 hours did not significantly affect the grain and straw

yields of Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan29). BRRI recommended f'ertilizer management

produced the higheit grain yield (8.21 t ha-r) fbllowed by 507o of the BRRIrecommended t.ertilizer + 50Va of the poultry manure (7.35 t ha-l;. The lowest grainyield (4.86 t ha-r) was obtained with cowdung at l0 t ha-r. Grain and straw yields were

not signiticantly affected by the interaction between time of seedling storing and

t'ertil izer management.

Key words: Seedling storing, Fertilizer management, Yield, Boro rice, SRI

Introduction

Bangladesh is pfedominantly a rice growing country but here its yield level is far below tha.n many other'

rice growing countries of the world. Average yield of rice in Bangladesh is only 2.6 t ha-t(BBS, 2004)

while that in other countries like China, Jupun, Korea and Egypt are 5.7, 5.9,7.5 and 7.3 t ha-r,

respectively (Choi, 2000). This is mainly due to a wide gap between potential yield and actual yield inour country. Improper and poor management practices mainly accounts for such a wide yield gap that

might be minimized through adoption of improved management techniques. Under this context the

SyJtem of Rice Intensification (Sni) might be studied as a management package for minimizing the yield

gap in our country. SRI raises productivity not by relying on external inputs, e.g. new seeds and

fertilizer, but by changing the way farmers manage their rice plants, soil, water and nutrients (Uphotf,

2007). Transplanting is one of the most important factors in SRI. Transplantation should be carried out

carefully and early, about 8 to t2 days after sowing when the seedlings have only two leaves. It should

be done very soon after removing the seedlings from the seedbed and within 15 to 30 minutes after the

tiny plants have been gently uprooted (Rabenandrasana, 1999). The tiny roots should be placed

horizontally in the soil so that the tip of the root can easily resume its downward growth. In this way the

leaves of the seedlings will not become yellow and the plant will start to grow again within a few hours.

The plants have time to adjust to their new environment before the first tiller starts to grow. The shortest

duration between seedlings uprooting transplanting reduced 'trauma' to the plants' roots, and alscl

avoided their becoming 'desiccated' (Satyanarayana et a|.,2007).

The role of fertilizer in increasing the productivity of crop is well known. Among the various factors

responsible for increasing yield along with its quality, fertilizel management is of paramount importance

(Novoa and Loomis, l98l). Use of f-ertilizer is an essential cornponent of modern farming with about

50Vo of the world's crop production (Pradhan, 1992). Long time intensive use of chemical f'ertilizels

creates some t-ertility problems through soil exhaustion as well as through interactions with other

elements and causing micronutrient deficiency (Rahman and Mian, 1997). Furthermore, chemical

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Hossarn el a/.

fertilizers pollute soil and water making environment even more harmful for both terrestrial as well as

aquatic life. Application of inorganic nitrog"nous fertilizers has always^been expensive inputs for crop

production, espicially in a developing counlry like Bangladesh. In near future N fertilizer is likely to be

Lu.n n.,or" coitty. This situation in turn posis a serious threat to food security of the vast millions of

people of this country. The use of manule and its proper manatgement may reduce the need for chemical

fertilizers allowing ihe small firrmers to save a part of the cost of crop production' It is true that

sustainable produciion of crops can not be maintained by using only chemical fertilizers and similarly it

was not possible to obtain higher crop yield by using organic manure alone (Ba!, 1990).^In the context

of Bangiadesh fertiliz", rnurig"-"ni i, very'imporiant because the fertility of most of our soils has

deteriorared over the years lKaiim et al., t994; Aii et al., rgg7), which is responsible for stagnating and,

in some cases, even dlclining crop yields (cassman et a\.,1995). with the view of above perspective the

experiment was conducted to see lhe effects of seedling storing time between uprooting and transplanting

and fertilizer management on the perfbrmance of yield and yield contributing characters of boro rice

under SRI method.

Materials and Methods

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University,

Mymensingh. The experimental site belongs to Old Brahmaputra floodplain (AEZ 9) with medium high

land and loamy soil. The pH of the soil was 6.81. The experiment comprised four duration of storing

seedlings after uprooting v'iz. (i) 30 minutes (SRI recommended). (ii) two hours. (iii) four hours and (iv)

eight hJurs. and hve feriilizer.managemenr practices viz. (i) BRRI fertilizer management (120-60-40-10-

5 kg N, pzOs, Kro, d, ;; ;; ',' ;;rp*ively), (ii) cowdung @ l0 t ha-r, (iii) pouliry manure @ 5 t ha'r,

(ivisozn or gRRt recommended t-ertilizer + 507o of the cowdung (v) 507o BRRI recommended fertilizer

+ 50Vo of the poultry manure were included as treatment which was arranged in a randomized complete

block design with three replications. BRRI dhan29, a high yielding Boro tice variety, was used as

planting miterial. The size of unit plot was 4.0 m x 2.5 m. The crop was transplanted on 20 January 2006

maintaining spacing of 35 cm x 35 cm and harvested on 6 June 2006. Urea was top dressed in three equal

splits.at ti, go uni +S days after transplanting (DAT). The full doses of Cowdung, Poultry manure,

Triple Supper phosphate (TSP), Muriate of Potash (MOP), Gypsum and Zinc Sulphate were applied

during finai land preparation as per treatment. Intercultural operations were done as and when necessary'

The first.weeding was done at l-5 DAT and subsequent weedings were done at 15-day intervals up to 70

DAT. The crop was harvested plot wise at full maturity (i.e. when 90% of the grains turned golden

yellow) and yield related characters were recorded. Five-plants plofl_ were selected randomly for

recording data on yield components such as total tillers hill-I, effective tiller.s ,hill-l

and number of grains

;;;;;i;-i:it" truru"r*d crop was then rhreshed, cleaned, sun dried and weighed to record the yields of

grain and straw at r4vo moisture content. The yields of grain and straw were then converted into t ha-l'

The recorded data were analysed r.rsing "Analysis of variance" technique and mean differences were

adjudged by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test'

Results and Discussion

Bffect of duration between uprooting and transplanting of seedling

Crop characters like number of bearing tillers hill-r,.number of non-bearing tillers hill-l' panicle length,

number of spikelets"ili;l;:', ;"*b;.;i;*inr puni.ler and number of sterile spikelets panicle-r were

significantly aft'ectei by duration of storiig ,""dlingr (Table 1). the highest number of bearing tillers

hiTl-' *as ottained in 30 minures storing oiseedlings followed by 8, 4 and 2 hours of storing seedlings'

However, g,4 and 2 hours of storing seedlings were similar in producing bearing tillers hill-'' The

highest number of non-bearing tilters [ill-' *ur similar to 8 hours storing followed in order by 4 hours

and 30 minutes of storing seedlings. panicle length was the highest in 8 houts storing, which was similar

to 4 hours and 30 minutes of storing seedlings. The shortest panicle was obtained in 2 hours of storing

seedlings. Number of spikelets panicle-r *u, ih" highest in 8 hours of storing seedlings followed in order

by 4,2 and 30 minutes of seedling storing..f^umber of grains panicle-r was the highest in 8 hours of

seedling storing followed in order by 4,2 unA :O minutes of seedling storing' However' 30 minutes and 2

hours of storing seedlings were similar in producing grains panicle-rlNumbEr of sterile spikelets panicle-r

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Uprooting and transplanting of seedling and fertilizer management on the yield performance of boro rice

was the highest in 4 hours of storing seedlings, which was similar to 8 hours and 2 hours of storing

seedling. The lowest sterile spikelets panicler was found in 30 minutes of seedling storing (Table t).plant height, number of total tillers hill-r, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield

and harvest index were not significantly atfected by time of storing seedlings before transplanting

(Table l).

Effect of fertilizer management

The tallest plant was found in BRRI recommended f'ertilizer management fbllowed in order by 507o of

the BRRI recommended fertilize r + 50% of the poultry manure, 507o of the BRRI recommended

fertilizer + 50%, of the cowdung, poultry manure.at 5 t ha-l and cowdung at 10 t ha-r. (Table 2). Number

"ri.i.iirr.rt rtiri-i, number of bearing tillers hill-r, number of non-bearing tillers hill-t and panicle tength

exhibited similar trend as that of plani height due to fertilizer management. The highest number of grains

panicle-r was obtained in BRRI recommended fertilizer management followed in order by 507o of the

bnnr recommended fertilize r + 507o of the poultry manure, 507o of the BRRI recommended fertilizer +

50Vo ofthe cowdung, poultry manure at 5 t ha-l and cowdung 10 t ha-I. However, cowdung at 10 t ha-l

was similar to poullry"manure at 5 t ha-r in this respect. Number of spikelets panicle-r showed similar

trend as that oi grains panicle-r clue to fertilizer management. The highest number of sterile spikelets

panicle-r *u, produ. ed tn 50Vo of the BRRI recommended f'ertilizer + 50Vo of the poultry manure which

was similar to 50Vo of the BRRI recommended fertilizer + 507o of the cowdung, followed in order by

BRRI recommended fertilizer, poultry manure at 5 t ha-l and cowdung at 10 t ha-I, which were

statistically identical (Table 2). Grain yield was the highest in BRRI recommended fertilizer management

fbllowed in order by 50Vo of BRRI recommended fertilizer + 507o of the poultry manure, 50Vo of the

BRRI recommended t'ertilize r + 50Vo of the cowdung, poultry manure at 5 t ha-l and cowdung at 10 t ha-

'. Similar result was obtained by Islam et at. (2007), who observed that BRRI recommended f'ertilizer

perfbrmed the best in terms of grain yield fbllowed by 50Vo of BRRI recommended f'ertilizer in

combination with 5O%, of the poultry manure. Straw yield and biological yield exhibited similar trend as

that of grain yield due to fertilizer management. Weight of 1000 grains and harvest index were not

significantly atfected by t'ertilizer management (Table 2).

Interaction effect between duration of storing seedlings and fertilizer management

Number of total tillers hill-r was significantly affected by the interaction of duration of storing seedling

and f'ertilizer managemenr (Table :). fne highest number of total tillers hil-t Q2.67) was recorded fi'om

storing time 30 minutes xBRRI recommended fertilizer dose fblloweci by storing time 2 hours x BRRI

recommend f'ertilizer dose. The lowest number of tillers hill-r (41.0) was found in seedling storing tirne 4

hours x Cowdung @ I0 t ha-r. Number of bearing tillers hill'r was significantly influenced by time of

storing seedlings and fertilizer management (Table 3). The highest number of bearing tillers hill-' (57'33)

was recorded in seedling storing time 30 minutes x BRRI recommended fertilizer dose followed by

seedling storing time Z hourr x BRRI recommended f'ertihzer dose and the lowest number of bearing

,irLrr rilrl f:ioil was observed in seedling storing time 4 hours x Cowdung at l0 t ha-r. Number of

non-bearing tillers hill-' was influenced by storing seedlings and different levels of f'ertilizer

management. The highest number of non-bearing tillers hill-r was fbund in seedling storing time 30

minutes xBRRI recommended dose of f-ertilizer and the lowest number of non-bearing tillers hill-l (7)

was observed both in seedling storing time 8 hours x Cowdung l0 t ha-l and seedling storing 8 hours x

poultry manure at 5 t ha-'. Number of spikelets panicle-' was significantly influenced by interaction of

sroring seedling and f'ertilizer management (Table 3). The higheit numbei of spikelets panicle-r (172.0)

was obtained from seedling storing time 8 hours x BRRI recommended fertilizer dose followed by

seedling storing time 30 minutes x BRRI recommended fertilizer dose and the lowest one (139.7) was

found in seedling sturing time 2 hours x Cowdung l0 t har (Table3). Number of grains panicle-r and

number of sterile spikeiets panicle-r were significantly int-luenccd by seedling stonng and f'ertilizer

management. The highest number of grains panicle-r (151.3) was found in seedling storing time 30

minutes x BRRI recommended f-ertilizer dose identically fbllowed by seedling storing time 4 hours x

BRRI recommended f'ertilizer dose and seedling storing time 8 hours x BRRI recommended fertilizer

dose. The lowest one (122.3) was fbund in seedling storing time2 hours x Cowdung l0 t ha-r. In case of

number of sterile spikelets panicle-l, the highest number (21.61) was recorded in seedling storing time 8

BJA 97

Hossain elal.

hours x 50Vo BRRI recommended fertilizer + 507o of the poultry manure, which was statisticallyidentical to that of seedling storing time 8 hours x BRRI recommended fertilizer dose and the lowestnumber of sterile spikelets panicle-r (15.0) was found in seedling dtoring time 30 minutes x BRRIrecommend fertilizer dose. Plant height, panicle length, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield, straw yield,biological yield and harvest index were not significantly influenced Uy ttre interaction of time intervalbetween seedling uprooting and transplanting and fertilizer management. However, numerically thehighest grain yield (8.56 t ha-r) was fbund in seedling storing time 30 minutes x BRRI recommendedfertilizer dose and the lowest one (4.7 t ha-r) was found in seedling storing time 30 minutes x Cowdungat l0 t ha-r.

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BJA 101