Draft 'Bogie Shop' Ispwich Railway Workshops Interpretation - Stage 1 Historical Signnificance

“ALL THAT IS GOLD DOES NOT GLITTER…”

- J. R. R. TOLKIEN THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING(1954)-

Prepared for Dr. J. Prangnell ARCA2100 | M. Stewart 4229387

Exterior Bogie Shop (south facing). M. Stewart. 24.8.2013

Left: Moulders working in the Foundry c.1909. Right: Foundry Employees c.1910.Buchanan 1996

ARCA2100– SEM 2 2013

INTERPRETATION PLAN STAGE ONE: NORTH IPSWICH WORKSHOPS RAIL MUSEUM – ‘BOGIE SHOP’

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

1. Introduction 32. History

2.1 History of the Railway Workshops 4

2.2 History of the ‘Bogie Shop’ 7

3.The Building 8

3.1 Architectural Elements and Materials 10

3.2 Exterior 10

3.3 Interior 16

4.Social Context and Significance 21

4.1 Formal Statement of Significance 23

5.Interpretation 23

5.1 Interpretation of the ‘Bogie Shop’ 24

6.Interpretation of other Built-Heritage Places 26

6.1 Fort Lytton 27

6.2 Eveleigh Railway Workshops (Carriage Works) 29

6.3 Boggo Road Goal 28

7.Conclusion 33

References Cited 35Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 2

Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 3

1. INTRODUCTION:

Built heritage is far from an objectively defined,

culturally static phenomenon; however, individuals and

communities who share common ethno-histories, socio-

economic status, and socio-political ideology frequently

develop common perceptions of heritage (Aplin 2002:30;

Pearson and Sullivan 1995:292).

While the meaning, and associated significance, of place

can vary to a great extent the Burra Charter states:

“Conservation, interpretation and management of a place should

provide for the participation of people for whom the place has special

associations and meanings, or who have social, spiritual or other

cultural responsibilities for the place.”

(Burra Charter, Article 12: 1999)

With this in mind, the purpose of the following report

is to outline the history, socio-cultural significance

and heritage interpretations of the ‘Bogie Shop’ (a late

Victorian Warehouse in the Australian Federation style)

on the grounds of the historic North Ipswich Railway Workshops

( Apperly, Irving and Reynolds 1994:62). As a built-

heritage place, the Workshops are a physical ‘anchor’

for the constructed identity and collective memories of

respondents, especially members of the Rail and Ipswich

communities (both of which will be discussed in the

following report), for whom the site is particularly

significant (Barthel 1996:345). When assessing built-

heritage, documentary evidence is of distinct


importance, and in this case, photographs, maps, plans,

newspaper-articles and oral histories relating to the

Workshops are particularly significant (Kerr 1996:4).

This report draws on the available documentary evidence

regarding the Workshops in conjunction with

Dr. J. Prangnell’s ARCA2100 lecture series and field-work

carried out at the site on 24 August and

21 September 2013.

Further, this report also uses heritage interpretations

from the historic Eveleigh Rail Workshops, (Eveleigh/Redfern,

Sydney, New South Wales), the Old Boggo Road Gaol (Dutton

Park, Brisbane, Queensland) and Fort Lytton (Fort Lytton

National Park, Lytton, Brisbane, Queensland) as

comparative guidance for current, and future,

interpretation of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops.


“THE OLD THAT IS STRONG DOES NOT WITHER …”

J. R. R. TOLKIEN THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING (1954)

2.1HISTORY OF THE NORTH IPSWICH RAILWAY WORKSHOPS:

LOCATION:

Approximate co-ordinates of the contemporary North Ipswich

Railway Workshops (‘the Workshops’) and The Workshops Rail

Museum, as generated using Google Earth, are: (φ)

27°35'50.31"S (λ) 152°45'30.45"E (see Figure: 1).

Figure 1: Workshops and Bogie Shop Location. Sensis Pty Ltd ® via

Google Earth

© 2013. Image generated 18.09.13

ORIGINAL SITE:

Work began on the original workshops in 1864, with the

first buildings completed in 1865 (Grimwade 1995:9). The

first workshops initially used to maintain locomotives


and rolling-stock mainly imported from Britain (Buchanan

1996:10; Grimwade 1995:28). By 1877, the Workshops were

producing their own locomotives and rolling-stock, along

with providing ongoing maintenance for existing

equipment (Buchanan 1996:12).The diversification of the

workshops, and consequent growth of the workforce,

necessitated a large-scale industrial expansion of the

site (Grimwade 1995:13).


‘NEW’ WORKSHOPS:

Poorer employees of the Workshops had set-up makeshift

accommodation on a large 40ha clearing immediately north

of the original site; which the worker’s referred to as

the ‘Box Flats’. These flats were chosen as the location

for the new site, and in 1885 the construction of new

carriage and wagon, painting, fitting, and machine shops

commenced, with work on a new smithy beginning in 1886

(Grimwade 1995:12-13,52).

EXPANSION IN THE 1900s:

Following a series of accidents (including the explosion

of two boilers) an official enquiry into safety at the

Workshops was launched in 1899, the outcome of which

resulted in the expansion of the site (G. Mate 2013).

Re-development of the Workshops not only improved safety

conditions; it also created physical provision for the

increasing specialisation of the work-force (Buchanan

1996:12,14; 2011:35). In late 1899 construction started

on an ambitiously large and organised industrial-site,

whose geometric planning emulated the iconic Crewe and

Swindon workshops of Great Britain (Grimwade 1995:13).

The expansion featured central ‘traversing’ lines which

serviced boiler, carriage/wagon, fitting, machine and

erecting shops on the south horizon in addition to

pattern, blacksmiths’ and moulders’ shops (including

foundry) on the northern horizon (Buchanan 1996:14;

Grimwade 1995:28; G. Mate 2013 pers comm). Other Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 8

buildings included new storehouses, amenities buildings

and the distinctive Powerhouse.

THE END OF AN ERA:

Following WWII there were significant rail-trade

deficits in Queensland; demand was outstripping supply

at the Workshops by a substantial rate (Buchanan

2011:50). In 1950 planning for new rail-yards and

workshops began, with the Redbank Railway Workshops opening

some eight years later (Buchanan 2011:50). The Redbank

site was larger and less topographically constricted

than the North Ipswich Workshops, further; its opening

was roughly contemporaneous with adoption of diesel-

electric locomotives. As such, the workforce gradually

relocated to Redbank between 1958 and 1995 (Buchanan

2011:50-51).


A NEW LEASE ON LIFE:

During the 1990’s, sections of the North Ipswich Railway

Complex were sold, including the site of the original

workshops (which now forms part of the ‘Riverlink Shopping

Precinct’). However, the northern end of the site was set-

apart for heritage conservation and adaptive reuse

(Buchanan 2011:51). The Workshops were provisionally

added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 1996 (pursuant to

the Queensland Heritage Act, 1992), with a permanent entry

being made on the 21st of April, 1997 (please see

‘Appendix A’ for relative heritage documentation).

Further, Queensland Rail elected to keep some workshops

operational in order to provide maintenance for its

fleet of heritage locomotives (G. Mate 2013).

The preservation and continued rail-trade of the

Workshops has promoted ongoing community connections to

the site; which is a significant aspect of the

constructed-identity of the population of Ipswich, and

an iconic symbol of Queensland’s industrial past.

Crucially, in a multi-collaborative effort (including

but not limited to the Queensland State Government,

Ipswich City Council and the Queensland Museum); “The

Workshops Rail Museum” (see Figure 2), was established,

opening to the public in 2002 (Buchanan 2011:51; G. Mate

2013 pers comm.).



Figure 2: TheWorkshop Rail Museum (exterior view 2003). ®Donovan Hill Pty Ltdwww.bvn.com.au. Image

“From the foundry… the ring of the anvil tells its own story” - The Brisbane Courier 15 May 1908

2.2HISTORY OF THE ‘BOGIE SHOP’

The Bogie Shop (also referred to as the Foundry,

Moulding Shop, and Bogie and Brake Repair Shop) is a

large federation warehouse located at the current site

of “The Workshops Rail Museum”, in North Ipswich,

Queensland (see Figure 1). The construction of the Bogie

Shop coincided with the early 20th century expansion of

the Workshops, and was completed in 1904 (Buchanan

1996:20; 2011:45). The original incarnation of the

building included: an iron foundry, brass foundry,

coppersmiths’ section and tinsmiths’ section; with

appropriate furnaces supplied for each (Grimwade

1995:54). The original machinery, as specified in

written orders to Tannett & Walker Co. Engineers (Leeds,

England, 1900), and Fielding and Platt Atlas Works

(Gloucester, England, 1900); comprised of:

“three hydraulic cranes, three hydraulic riveter cranes, one hydraulic

forging press, one gantry crane, and one hydraulic platform lift.”

- Grimwade 1995:54

In 1911, a ‘Chilean’ stone mill was added to the

building, and the original hydraulic cranes were

replaced with electric models the subsequent year,

coinciding with the expansion of Powerhouse operations

(Grimwade 1995:54). One of the electric overhead


traveling cranes remains in the Bogie Shop to this day,

along with section of the gantry (J. Prangnell 2013; G.

Mate 2013).

NOT JUST RAILWAY MEN:

Following the outbreak of WWI, the Foundry prepared

casings, head-lamps and other materials for the

Australian Armed Forces, and, along with all other

Workshops’ personnel, workers contributed 1% of their

wages to ‘the war effort’ (Grimwade 1995:54-55). 1918 saw

the first trials of iron-ore smelting in Queensland,

conducted in the furnaces of the Foundry, while 1919-

1920 saw foundry workers casting connecting rods and

crank pieces for a crippled Vickers Vimy aircraft (see

Figure 3) (Buchanan 1996).


During WWII, the Foundry helped to manufacture 30-tonne

munitions castings, and produced components for a

massive 135-ton (122.24 metric) lathe (see Figure 4);

the largest produced in the southern hemisphere during

the 20th century (Buchanan 1996:16, Grimwade 1995:54;

G. Mate 2013 pers comm.). Please see also ‘Appendix B’ for

relevant newspaper articles.

Left - Figure 3: Testing repairs on R. and K. Smith’s Vickers Vimy 1920.

Buchanan 1996Right - Figure 4: Headstock section of the gun-lathe, Erecting Shop c.1943. ®

Australian WarMemorial Website - 1996-2013. Image retrieved 23.09.13

THE BOGIE & BRAKE REPAIR SHOP:

In 1965 the Foundry and Pattern Shop was moved to

Redbank, and was subsequently repurposed as the Bogie

and Brake Repair Shop (Buchanan 1996:20; Grimwade

1995:54). The Bogie Shop ceased operation in 1995, when

the Redbank Workshops took over the repair and

maintenance of Queensland Rail (QR) rolling-stock.

While the building is still owned by QR, The Workshops

Rail Museum currently rents the building for storage,

mainly museum overflow (G. Mate 2013). The Bogie and


Brake Repair Shop was added to the Queensland Heritage

Register as part of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops

Complex in 1997, pursuant to the Queensland Heritage Act,

1992. Please see also ‘Appendix A’ for relative heritage

documentation.

3. THE BUILDING: A PHYSICAL PAST, PHYSICALLY PRESENT

The Bogie Shop was designed as a large, utilitarian

space; and indeed, saw near continuous use until its

closure in 1995. The building provides unique insight to

the physical history of the Workshops.


As one of the Federation Warehouses facing the traverser,

is an integral representative element of the ‘industrial

streetscape’ of the Railway Workshops (Grimwade 1995:31).

The building is the first of the warehouses on the north

horizon of the site, and as such, is immediately

conspicuous in the landscape. The approximate dimensions

of the Bogie Shop are: (8.46m + 1.76m) H x 80.6m L x 38m

W; giving the warehouse an approximate cubic volume

(using the exterior measurements, including total roof

height) of some 31301.816m3 (Figures 5, 6.1 and 6.2, please

also see ‘Appendix C’ for original drawings and images).


Left - Figure 5: Mud Map of Bogie and Brake Repair Shop, first field trip. M. Stewart 2013. N.B. Full size original in ‘Appendix C’.

Top Right - Figure 6.1: South Wall Elevations.J. Montgomery, M. Stewart 2013

Bottom Right - Figure 6.2: NorthWall Elevations. J. Montgomery, M. Stewart 2013. N.B. Original computer generated images in ‘Appendix C’.


Figure 6: ‘Mud-map’ of the Bogie Shop floor-plan and measurements. M.Stewart 2013

See also: Appendix A for original drawings of Bogie Shop 2013

3.1ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS AND MATERIAL

The basic construction materials of the Bogie Shop, as

with all the late Victorian Federation Warehouses, are

brick and mortar. However, considering that the building

was constructed as a Foundry, and, furthermore, was never

intended to be observed by the public, the brickwork on

the exterior of the building is rather ornate. The gable-

ended walls feature plinths, pilasters and corbels, in

addition to projecting string courses, all of which give

the exterior of the building a pleasing visual aesthetic

(Grimwade 1995:31). As with it contemporaries, the

building also features the iconic saw-toothed roofing of

the Federation Warehouse style, along with multi-pane

cast-iron windows, along with decorative arched apertures

for windows and doors (Grimwade 1995:31). The coloured

brickwork above the entranceways and windows is not

exactly repeated elsewhere on the site; giving the Bogie

Shop its own unique character and appearance.

3.2 EXTERIOR

ANNEXES AND OUTBUILDINGS:

On the western side of the Bogie Shop, there is

moderately sized wooden lean-to, which is attached to the

east wall of the building (see Figures 7 and 8).

Significantly, this annex houses the lockers of past

employees, which are scrawled with personal messages and

graffito.


Left -Figure 7: South facing view of wooden ‘Locker Room/Office’. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 8: ‘Locker Room’ west wall. R. Hunter 2013


On the eastern wall, there is a large, steel skillion-

roofed lean-to, the southern end of which houses seating

for members of the public, while the fenced-off

northern-end section provides elemental protection for

historic locomotives and rolling stock (see Figures 9 and

10).

Left - Figure 9: East wall annex, with steam roller. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 10: Steam loco being stored under east wall annex. R. Hunter 2013

There is a timber and corrugated-iron lean-to attached

to the north wall of the building, between the two

arched entranceways (see Figures 11 and 12). This

structure currently houses various rail-centric

industrial debris.


Left -Figure 11: North wall annex housing rail debris. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 12: North wall from Powerhouse elevation. R. Hunter 2013


Additionally, a there is a bricked structure fixed to

the western wall (which previously saw use as a worker’s

toilet and shower room – see Figures 13 and 14) and a

wooden lean-to on the north-west corner (which served as

a female toilet – see Figure 15).

Left - Figure 13: Men’s toilet/shower room, urinal. R. Hunter 2013

Centre - Figure 14: Men’s toilet/shower room, shower. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 15: Women’s toilet outbuilding. R. Hunter 2013

ENTRANCES

As previously mentioned, the entranceways to the Bogie

Shop are arched, and feature decorative coloured

brickwork and ornate sandstone keystones (see Figures 16

and 17).


Left - Figure 16: South east door. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 17: South west door. R. Hunter 2013


The height of the openings is functional, permitting the

movement of locomotives, rolling stock and machinery

through the space. Importantly, what appear to be two

sets of original timber doors remain on site at the

northern end of the building (G. Mate 2013 - see Figures

18 and 19).

Left - Figure 18: North east doors, partially attached. R. Hunter 2013 Right - Figure 19: North west door, intact. R. Hunter 2013


Other entrances appear to have been fashioned or

otherwise modified on a ‘needs-basis’ throughout the

buildings’ history. Brick units appear to have been

stripped in some places, while glass has been removed

from windows to create new openings. There is evidence

of modern paint-work, concrete and timber alterations;

especially along the eastern wall (see Figures 20, 21 and

22).

Right -Figure 22: Timber boarded entrance on east wall. R. Hunter 2013


Left - Figure 20: East wall door, original (?), with modification. R Hunter 2013.

Centre -Figure 21:

WINDOWS

Although some of the windows have been boarded and/or

bricked over (especially along the western wall of the

building), many of the original cast-iron multi-pane

windows remain intact; although it should be noted that

nearly all show some signs of modification (see Figures

22, 23 and 24).

Left - Figure 22: Central south wall window reflecting the clouds. R. Hunter 2013Centre -Figure 23: Eastern wall window with louver modifications. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 24: Western wall window with boarded door. R. Hunter 2013

WATER MANAGEMENT


The exterior of the building demonstrates various

approaches to water management through time (see Figures 25

– 28).

Left - Figure 25: West wall original (?) fluted downpipes. R. Hunter 2013Centre Left -Figure 26: Locker Room PVC downpipe. R. Hunter 2013

Centre Right - Figure 27: East wall, modern downpipe. M. Stewart 2013Right - Figure 28: East wall original ornate downpipe. R. Hunter 2013


CONDITION AND CHANGES IN FABRIC

At one-hundred and nine years of age, the Bogie Shop is

largely in good physical condition, however; its ‘skin’

bears corporal testament to its use, adaptation, and

current state of inattention. There are numerous

indications of damage, modification and repair, some of

which are demonstrated in Figures 29 to 35.

Left - Figure 29: East wall modifications. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 30: North wall water damage. R. Hunter 2013


Left - Figure 31: East wall fracture and repair. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 32: East wall drill-holes. M. Stewart 2013


Left - Figure 33: East wall damaged sandstone sill. R. Hunter 2013Centre - Figure 34: East wall entrance alterations. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 35: South east entrance damaged/modified brickwork. R.Hunter 2013

3.3 INTERIOR:

The following photographs (Figures 36 – 70) demonstrate how

the nature of changing use is reflected in Bogie Shop’s

internal fabric. The buildings’ metamorphosis, from

foundry to storage space; is clearly evident. Utilitarian

requirements and modifications are reflected in the doors

and windows, wiring and lighting, the modern concrete

floor and timber partitioning. Use-materials have altered

greatly over time, and the building exhibits a unique

hybridisation of archaic and modern technologies. The

metanarrative of the Bogie Shop’s use, and its social

history, is manifest in the physical presence of various

rail-centric signage, graffiti and refuse, with museum

overflow and storage providing a clear indication of

current use.

FLOORING

Left - Figure 36: Rail service track covering. R. Hunter 2013

Centre -Figure 37: Gap in concrete slap with yellow paint. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 38: Concrete slab looking towards south west door. R. Hunter

2013


WINDOWS AND DOORS

Left - Figure 39: Partially bricked window at men’s toilet. R. Hunter 2013Centre -Figure 40: West wall door between locker room and toilet block. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 41: ‘Besser blocked’ window with remnant scorch marks. R. Hunter 2013


Left - Figure 42: North east door with archaeology student for scale R. Hunter2013

Centre - Figure 43: Small eastern door with archaeology student for scale R.Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 44: Bricked windows along west wall. R. Hunter 2013

LIGHTING AND WIRING

Left - Figure 45: Early 20th C light fitting. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 46: Utilization of natural light through the saw toothed roof. R.Hunter 2013


Left - Figure 47: Overhead track lighting. R. Hunter 2013Centre - Figure 48: Modern light attachment in men’s toilet. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 49: Close-up of track lighting. R. Hunter 2013


INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND FEATURES

Figure 50: Partitioning on central western side of building. R. Hunter 2013

Left - Figure 51: Disused Bogie/Brake Repair Shop era kitchen. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 52: Central partitioning wall. R. Hunter 2013


Left - Figure 53: Internal Bogie/Brake Repair era office and first aid room. R.Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 55: External Bogie/Brake Repair era office and first aid room. R.Hunter 2013


Left - Figure 56: Bogie/Brake Repair era time keepers office. R. Hunter 2013Centre - Figure 57: Bogie/Brake Repair era ‘Thomas Room’. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 59: Bogie/Brake Repair era lockers. R. Hunter 2013

MUSEUM STORAGE AND ‘GHOSTS OF THE PAST’

Left - Figure 60: Museum Storage, c.1920s ‘English Electric’ loco components. R.Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 61: Museum Storage, scale proportion voltmeter. R. Hunter 2013


Figure 62: Overhead crane, disused carriage, and museum storage. R. Hunter2013


Left - Figure 63: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era wire guide. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 64: Museum overflow, box of ticket stubs. R. Hunter 2013

Left - Figure 65: Rusting bogies with archaeology student for scale. R. Hunter

2013Right - Figure 66: Early Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era signage. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 68: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era ‘Richie’s Frustration Pad’. R. Hunter

2013


Left - Figure 67: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era signage demonstrating past employee socio-cultural factors. R. Hunter 2013

Left - Figure 69: Foundry era ‘Check Box’, housed worker’s brass time checks/tokens,exterior south wall. R. Hunter 2013

Right - Figure 70: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era ‘Check Box’, housed worker’s brasstime

checks/tokens, interior central partition. R. Hunter 2013

“DEEP ROOTS ARE NOT TOUCHED BY THE FROST…”

J. R. R. TOLKIEN THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING (1954)


4. SOCIAL CONTEXT AND SIGNIFICANCE

The Bogie Shop is a powerful physical symbol, not only

of industry and rail, but perhaps more importantly; of

Ipswich’s growth, former economic prosperity and social

history. Places of built heritage are far too often

severed from their unique sociocultural histories, thus

it is imperative to recognise the inextricable social

connection of the Workshops, the rail workforce and the

community of Ipswich

(Pearson and Sullivan 1995:293)

EMPLOYMENT

Throughout its operational history, the North Ipswich

Railway Workshops was a fundamental basis of employment

for the community of Ipswich. In 1915 the Workshops

employed 1,600 men, which equates to 9% of the

population of Ipswich, while at the conclusion of WWII,

the Workshops had 3,300 personnel, some 33% of the

population Buchanan 1996:20). Between 1898 and 1995, the

mean employment-rate was 1,500 people (G. Mate 2013).


CLUBS AND SOCIETIES

More than just a place to work, the Workshops were a hub

of social activity, providing the broader community with

socially integrated systems of support and opportunities

for cultural egress; analogous to fictive kinship

networks formed in the Workshops themselves (Manco,

Buchanan and Blake 2011:107). The Queensland Rail Institute

(1894 to present), the Queensland Ambulance Corps (1892 to

1992 – now the Queensland Rail First Aid Services), and the

Ipswich Railway Band (1913 to 1934) provided vocational,

educational and cultural resources and facilities for

workers and their families (Manco et al 2011:108).

Employees of the Workshops established numerous sporting

teams and groups – with both internal (inter-workshop

competitions) and external (community/regional

competitions) representation (Manco et al 2011:119).

INDUSTRY, INGENUITY AND COMMUNITY; RAILWAY WORKSHOPS

FORMING REGIONAL IDENTITY

The Workshops were a conspicuous aspect of day to day

life for the community of Ipswich (Buchanan 2011:121).

The sheer volume of people employed at the site

necessitated association to place and comprehension of

constructed community identities. For some families in

the region, the Workshops have employed generations of

workers (G Mate 2013). Whether by direct or indirect

contact, the public formed intimate bonds with the

Workshops (Buchanan 2011:121). From the ‘flood’ of


arrivals and departures every morning and evening, to

the work- siren blasts, to the pillars of smoke and

industrial noise; the Workshops were monument to

industry and ingenuity in Ipswich (G. Mate 2013). With

such a long operational history, the Workshops were

subject to economic, political, technological and

cultural transformations (Bowden 2000:71). The presence

of the War Memorial (WWI) outside the dining hall is a

striking reminder that even as ‘railway m en’

manufactured, assembled and forged, their colleagues,

friends and relatives fought and died.

At present, the historic steam locomotive rail-tradition

continues at the site, with the ongoing repair and

meticulous restoration of heritage locomotives (Grimwade

1995:28, G. Mate 2013). The site was, and remains,

iconic of the industry, ingenuity and community of

Ipswich.


4.1 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: BOGIE AND BRAKE REPAIR

SHOP

Purpose-built as a Foundry in 1904 and adapted as a

maintenance- shop for rolling-stock in 1968, this

building saw continuous use until its closure in 1995.

The Bogie Shop is exemplary of industrial warehouses in

the (late Victorian) Federation Style, and is therefore,

of architectural merit (Apperly et al 1994:62). The Bogie

Shop retains many original features; including an

iconic’ saw-toothed roof’ and decorative coloured

brickwork – giving it a particular industrial atheistic.

Throughout its’ history, the building played a vital

role in the manufacture, maintenance and repair of

rolling-stock, which serviced the region and state. It

is also the locale of the first trail of iron-ore

smelting in Queensland; thereby occupying a unique

techno-historical position. Various associations with

former employees are evident throughout, including but

not limited to; graffiti and personal messages, in

conjunction with rail-centric signage and notices.

Socially, the Bogie Shop must be considered in the

context of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops complex

as a whole. The Workshops remain a conspicuous and

stable element of the Ipswich community, whose past and

present workforce take pride in their employment at such

an iconic site (Grimwade 1995:37). The Bogie Shop is of

significance to the region, to the state of Queensland


and to Australia for past, present and future

generations; having irreplaceable architectural,

aesthetic, technological, historical and social meaning.

5. INTERPRETATION

Ensuring that a place is interpreted “in its regional and

historic context” is of vital import for built heritage

(Pearson and Sullivan 1995:293). Any implementation of

interpretive measures must maintain the links between

the Workshops and the local community, and further, take

into account the age, educational background, and socio-

economic realities of respondents, as well as catering

to potential language barriers, and physical and/or

intellectual disabilities (Aplin 2002:39). Successful

interpretation should involve epistemic transliteration

for respondents and coalesce the various components of

place into a site-sensitive narrative (Wolters and

Machamer 2010:5). Essentially, quality interpretation

enhances the understanding and enjoyment of place,

creating meaning and establishing knowledge for

respondents (Wolters and Machamer 2010:5).


THE LANGUAGE OF INDUSTRY

The Workshops possess a distinctive character and

present a regionally-unique value set in regard to

industry and community. The standing interpretation,

represented by the processes and mechanisms of The

Workshops Rail Museum (TWRM), is sensitive to the site’s

history and ideology (Mate and Moritz 2011:179). TWRM

coveys understanding through the presentation of the

site in restricted and appropriate forms of

communication – material is shown in the ‘language’ of

the Workshops (please see also ‘Appendix D’). This being

said, visitors to site ‘translate’ interpretive

mechanisms through their own socio-cognitive processes

(Nolan 2007:2). Therefore, great effort has been made to

cater to persons of varying socio-economic and socio-

political backgrounds. It must be stated however, that

due to the physical restrictions of the Workshops (as

operational warehouses), geographic and socio-historical

constraints, as well as fiscal limitations; the

Workshops are deliberately geared to Austral-European

respondents, without significant cognitive or physical

disability. This does not mean that persons of non-

Austral-European ethnicity or persons with

intellectual/physical disability do not have meaningful

interactions with the site, rather; interpretive

measures and mechanisms may be less accessible to these

groups.


5.1 INTERPRETATION OF THE BOGIE SHOP

TWRM has set a precedent of very high standard, and all

future interpretive approaches should be integrative

with the current efforts of the museum (see Mate and

Moritz 2011). As an inalienable constituent of the

Workshops, interpretation of the Bogie Shops should

clearly express the buildings unique character and

industrial-history; the authenticity of which should be

conserved and celebrated wherever possible. Congruent

with the Burra Charter (Article 3.1), any and all work

carried out on the Bogie Shop requires a restrained

approach, changing ‘as much as necessary but as little

as possible’ (Walker and Marquis-Kyle 2004).


While a comprehensive interpretive plan will be set

forth in a further report, the author notes that the

following aspects of the Bogie Shop have been noted as

particularly significant, and whose conservation,

restoration and presentation are interpretive to

interpreting the Bogie Shop:

o ‘Locker Room’ annex (Figures 6,7) containing

personal notices and graffiti – provides a physical

anchor for social history;

o original north wall entrance doors (Figures 18,19)

were present for the entire operational use –

provides a physical anchor for narrative history;

o unique and decorative coloured brickwork (e.g.

Figures 16,17) – provides a physical anchor for

explanation of aesthetic quality and significant

architecture;

o any/all original multi-paned windows (e.g. Figure

22) – potential for restoration as exemplary items

of past skill and craftsmanship;

o saw-toothed roof (Figure 40) –visual cue for

environmental management of light and heat, iconic

feature of the Workshops;

o Overhead Electric Gantry Crane (Figure 62) –

demonstrating industry and the use of changing

technology;

o any/all signage (e.g. Figure 66) , notices (e.g.

Figure 67) and personal graffito (e.g. Figure 68)


from use-periods ), – valuable anchors for social

history;

o checkboxes (Figures 69, 70) – excellent anchor for

social history and site processes;

o furnace scorch marks (north west corner, Figure 41)

– Foundry era mnemonic;

o remnant Brake Repair Shop era rolling stock over

eastern service pits (retaining dirt/sand floor) –

visual explanation of modern use; and

o remnant rolling stock (e.g. Figure 65) of varying

ages present outside eastern wall; visual

explanation for building function and purpose.

The removal of obtrusive debris, refuse and outbuildings

(the north wall annex in particular – see Figures 11 and

12) would assist in demonstrating the presence and visual

quality of Bogie Shop.


THE DIGITAL AGE

The author notes the importance of incorporating the

Foundry/Bogie Shop into digital mediums of expression.

TWRM have established a strong digital presence;

especially through their website (e.g. Figure 71). There

is great potential for documentary evidence (including

but not limited to maps, plans, photographs, newspaper-

articles and oral histories) which specifically relates

to the Bogie Shop to be integrated into pre-existing

web-based interpretation.

Figure 71: Screen Shot, The Workshops Rail Museum website. © The QueenslandMuseum

2010-2013: http://www.theworkshops.qm.qld.gov.au (retrieved15.9.13)


Figure 72: Screen Shot, The Workshops Rail Museum website, ‘Self-Guided Audio Tour’© The Queensland Museum 2010-2013:

http://www.theworkshops.qm.qld.gov.au/Events+and+Exhibitions/Events+and+Activities/Self+Guided+Audio+Tour

(retrieved 21.9.13)


TWRM have also developed a self-guided audio ( see Figure

72), available as a downloadable ‘app’ for ‘smart phone’

users on © iOS and ©Android platforms (Mate 2013;

Queensland Museum 2010-2013). The implantation of

technology to help understand the Workshops is congruous

to the ideology of the site and the exploitation of

‘smart phone’ technology is of great future potential.

Programming is far easier to edit and adapt in order to

suit the changing needs of the site and respondents than

physical signage. The versatility and adaptability of

digital mediums cannot be ignored, and integrative

measures should be taken in regard to the Bogie Shop.

6. INTERPRETATION OF OTHER BUILT-HERITAGE PLACES

6.1 FORT LYTTON

QUEENSLAND HERITAGE REGISTER:

Fort Lytton: Lytton Queensland, 4178 (Brisbane City

Council municipally):

ID. 600248 (current as of 20.09.13)

Lytton Quarantine Station: Lytton, Queensland, 4178

(Brisbane City Council municipally): ID. 601347 (current

as of 20.09.13)

For detailed information regarding the significance and

history of Fort Lytton, please see the official

Queensland Heritage Register entry:

https://heritage-register.ehp.qld.gov.au/placeDetail.htm

l?siteId=15023Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 52

RESTRICTED ACCESS

In addition to being a

protected place under the

Queensland Heritage Act, 1992, Fort

Lytton also falls under the

protection of the Queensland

Nature Conservation Act, 1992 as it

is part of the greater Lytton

National Park. The general

public can only access Fort

Lytton between 10am – 4pm on Sundays and public

holidays, with a limited range of activities permissible

at the site pursuant to National Parks legislation moat

(NPRSR, 2013).


The Fort Lytton Historical Association (a volunteer

group) provides free guided tours when the National Park

is open, and in collaboration with the state government,

conduct guided tours for special events, run and staff

the onsite museum, and provide maintenance for the

heritage gun collection and remnant buildings (NPRSR,

2013; Fort Lytton Historical Association, 2013).

‘A LIVING HISTORY’

Initial visual feedback of the archaeological remnants

of Fort Lytton and the Quarantine Station give the

impression of an ordered, sterile and non-interactive

place, in what is a ‘culturally acceptable’ management

strategy of tangible archaeo-historical heritage (Smith

2004:195). Limited access and park restrictions further

the idea of passivity at the site, with an apparent

expectation of inert spectatorship. (Goulding 2000:835).

However, Fort Lytton is a superlative example of ‘living

history’; celebrating the original use of place, while

simultaneously promoting dynamic and lateral function

(Gunton 1996: i). This is best exemplified by the annual

“HISTORY ALIVE: A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME” (see Figure 73), a

two-day event which attracts a diverse range

respondents, especially persons involved with historical

re-enactment.


In a multi-collaborative effort, the History Alive event is

managed by The Queensland Living History Federation in

association with the Queensland Department of National

Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing and the Fort Lytton

Historical Association.


Figure 73: Historicalre-enactment group at Fort Lytton. © Queensland Living History Federation2013: http://www.history

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR THE BOGIE SHOP:

Although restriction is functional in the case of Fort

Lytton, it helps to foster ideas of exclusivity and

‘unique access’ for respondents. Restriction of the

Workshops is necessary as the majority of the site is

under QR ownership in addition to being an active

workplace. The tours already operating at the site give

respondents a sense of ‘behind-the-scenes’ access. This

could be further exploited in regard to the Bogie Shop

through integration with pre-existing operations, or as

occasional building specific tours.

Actively participating with place already occurs to

some degree at TWRM, however, it is mostly age-

restricted to younger demographics. Educational

programs, similar in interactive form to the popular

‘Build –It’, could be implemented for adult audiences.

Rail-centric historical re-enactment is also a potential

avenue for increasing visitor attendance, although

successful execution is highly problematic. This being

said, ‘living history’ is a valuable way in which

respondents form meaningful attachments to place,

negating passivity and indifference by encouraging

participant over speciation and is a worthy avenue to

further explore (Goulding 2000:835).

6.2 EVELEIGH

NEW SOUTH WALES HERITAGE REGISTER:


Eveleigh Railway Workshops: also known as Eveleigh

Railway Yards, the Eveleigh Precinct, Sydney Technology

Park; the Macdonaldtown Gasworks and the Macdonaldtown

Triangle. Redfern, New South Wales, 2016 (Sydney City

Council municipally). State Heritage Register (pursuant

to the NSW Heritage Act, 1977) Listing Number: 01140,

Gazette Number: 27, current as of 20.09.13

HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION REGISTER (S. 170 REGISTER)

The Carriage Works at Eveleigh: also known as The

Performance Space, Eveleigh Railway Yards, Eveleigh

Precinct. Eveleigh, NSW 2015 (Sydney City Council

municipally). State Government Database Number: 3070004,

current as of 20.09.13



history of the Eveleigh

Railway Workshops please see the official New South

Wales State Heritage Registry entry:

http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/View

HeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5045103.


history of The Carriage Works at Eveleigh, please see

the official Heritage and Conservation Register entry:

http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHerita

ge

ItemDetails.aspx?ID=3070004

‘TRACKS AND BAYS’: ACTIVE CULTURAL EXPRESSION IN

ADAPTIVE REUSE AT SYDNEY’S ‘CARRIAGE WORKS’


Left - Figure 74: Bay 17 Major Performance Theatre. © Carriage Works2007 – 2013:

www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)Right - Figure 75: Bay 19 Carriage Works Exhibition Space. © Carriage Works

2007 – 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)

‘Bay 17’(Figure 74) is a large theatre-space, equipped

with seating for up to 800 people, which is routinely

used for lecturing and educational purposes in addition

to being the Carriage Works’ main performance space.

‘Bay 19’ (Figure 75) was designed for art and mixed media

installations and exhibitions in addition to small scale

performance work (Carriage Works, 2013).


Left- Figure 76: Bay 20 Theatre Space. © Carriage Works 2007 - 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)

Right - Figure 77: Bay 20 Theatre Space showing fabric of original building. ©Carriage Works 2007 - 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved

21.09.13)

‘Bay 20’ (Figures 73 and 74) is a moderately sized

theatre space, with seating for up to 270 people, and

was designed for performance of not only theatre, but of

music and mixed media presentations (Carriage Works,

2013). The space deliberately encourages respondents to

reflect on the sites former use as a railway workshop.


Left - Figure 78: Track 8 Versatile performance space. © Carriage Works2007 - 2013:

www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)Right - Figure 79: Track 12 Versatile performance space. © Carriage Works

2007 - 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)

‘Track 8’ (Figure 78) and ‘Track 12’ (Figure 79) are

purpose built venues with sprung flooring and acoustic

management; designed for the development of theatre

skills and for use as small performance spaces (Carriage

Works, 2013). These small, functional spaces are

routinely hired for a variety of functions, especially

corporate events.



While the use-ideology of The Carriage Works at Eveleigh

is not appropriate for the Workshops, the coalescent

presentation of art meeting industry is an appropriate

theme for the Bogie Shop. Expression of self through

industry is a potential avenue for attracting a wider

range of demographics to the site. Further, the idea of

an educational lecture space is appealing. The work

carried out at the site, both past and present was

artisan (see also ‘Appendix A’, article 2), a feature of

the place which should be celebrated (Mate 2013).

6.3 BOGGO ROAD

“This is the fortress on the hill. The most imposing structure on the locallandscape.” - Dawson 2007: 24

QUEENSLAND HERITAGE REGISTER:

Boggo Road Gaol: No 2 Division and Remnant No 1

Division: Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102 (Brisbane City

Council municipally): ID. 601033 (current as of

20.09.13)


Figure 77: Old Boggo Road Gaol. Unknown Author, 2008http://www.boggoroadjail.net (retrieved 28.9.13)


history of Boggo Road Gaol, please see the official

Queensland Heritage Register entry:

https://heritage-register.ehp.qld.gov.au/placeDetail.htm

l?siteId=15808


‘HAUNTED HERITAGE’: INCARCERATION, DOMINATION, DEATH AND

PUNISHMENT – BUT NO INTERPRETATION

Please see ‘Appendix E’ for photos of the gaol, this

appendix also contains literature which demonstrates how

integral heritage is to the Woolloongabba and Dutton

Park area and its community.

Respondents now have limited access to the site through

‘ghost tours’, which draw on the specific historical

aspect of capital punishment at the goal. The use of

digital media has become an important aspect of

information exchange (and therefore an important

mechanism of interpretation), for the site – as there is

no information about the gaol available for visitors who

do not participate in, or cannot pay for, ‘ghost tours’.

There is no historical information at the site, through

signage or otherwise.


The lack of information available to respondents at

Boggo Road Gaol is reminiscent of a complete lack of

educational resources regarding the Bogie Shop. While

the lack of interpretive measure allow both of these

impressive examples of built-heritage to ‘speak for

themselves’, this agency is extremely limited. Lack of

educational resources at the site mean that respondents

can only garner a very limited understanding of the

building as it is divorced from its original context,


and physically dwarfed by the modern Eco-Sciences

precinct, no longer the lone ‘fortress on the hill’.

This demonstrates the need for some informative signage

in regard to the Bogie Shop.

7. CONCLUSION

As a unique and significant example of built-heritage,

the Bogie Shop requires active heritage conservation and

interpretation. The above report has looked at the

history of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops and the

Bogie Shop itself. The condition and fabric of both the

interior and exterior of the building has been

presented, in conjunction with visual demonstration of

changes through time and interrelated variance in

technology. Additionally, the worth of the Bogie Shop

(distinct from the Workshops as a whole) has been

assessed in Statement of Significance.


While this report has discussed potential interpretive

measures, and briefly discussed other built-heritage

places, the follow-up to this report (Stage 2) will

present an active plan for the Bogie Shop.

Fort Lytton, Eveleigh Railway Workshops and Boggo Road

Gaol demonstrate the ‘language’ in which built-heritage

places are presented to respondents, with each site

drawing on restricted socio-cultural values in order to

communicate engineered meta-narratives about the past.

These places provided valuable insight for positional

development of the Bogie Shop.

There is great potential for successful interpretation of

the building, not only due to its relationship with the

Workshops as a whole, but also as a unique example of

industrial-use over a 109 year period. The building

retains inimitable and remarkable use-ear features to

attract the attention and stimulate the curiosity of

respondents.

WORD COUNT (EXCLUDING TITLES, CAPTIONS AND DIRECT QUOTES: 4120

All INCLUSIVE WORD COUNT: 7029


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Draft 'Bogie Shop' Ispwich Railway Workshops Interpretation - Stage 1 Historical Signnificance

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