“ALL THAT IS GOLD DOES NOT GLITTER…”
- J. R. R. TOLKIEN THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING(1954)-
Prepared for Dr. J. Prangnell ARCA2100 | M. Stewart 4229387
Exterior Bogie Shop (south facing). M. Stewart. 24.8.2013
Left: Moulders working in the Foundry c.1909. Right: Foundry Employees c.1910.Buchanan 1996
ARCA2100– SEM 2 2013
INTERPRETATION PLAN STAGE ONE: NORTH IPSWICH WORKSHOPS RAIL MUSEUM – ‘BOGIE SHOP’
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. Introduction 32. History
2.1 History of the Railway Workshops 4
2.2 History of the ‘Bogie Shop’ 7
3.The Building 8
3.1 Architectural Elements and Materials 10
3.2 Exterior 10
3.3 Interior 16
4.Social Context and Significance 21
4.1 Formal Statement of Significance 23
5.Interpretation 23
5.1 Interpretation of the ‘Bogie Shop’ 24
6.Interpretation of other Built-Heritage Places 26
6.1 Fort Lytton 27
6.2 Eveleigh Railway Workshops (Carriage Works) 29
6.3 Boggo Road Goal 28
7.Conclusion 33
References Cited 35Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 2
1. INTRODUCTION:
Built heritage is far from an objectively defined,
culturally static phenomenon; however, individuals and
communities who share common ethno-histories, socio-
economic status, and socio-political ideology frequently
develop common perceptions of heritage (Aplin 2002:30;
Pearson and Sullivan 1995:292).
While the meaning, and associated significance, of place
can vary to a great extent the Burra Charter states:
“Conservation, interpretation and management of a place should
provide for the participation of people for whom the place has special
associations and meanings, or who have social, spiritual or other
cultural responsibilities for the place.”
(Burra Charter, Article 12: 1999)
With this in mind, the purpose of the following report
is to outline the history, socio-cultural significance
and heritage interpretations of the ‘Bogie Shop’ (a late
Victorian Warehouse in the Australian Federation style)
on the grounds of the historic North Ipswich Railway Workshops
( Apperly, Irving and Reynolds 1994:62). As a built-
heritage place, the Workshops are a physical ‘anchor’
for the constructed identity and collective memories of
respondents, especially members of the Rail and Ipswich
communities (both of which will be discussed in the
following report), for whom the site is particularly
significant (Barthel 1996:345). When assessing built-
heritage, documentary evidence is of distinct
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 4
importance, and in this case, photographs, maps, plans,
newspaper-articles and oral histories relating to the
Workshops are particularly significant (Kerr 1996:4).
This report draws on the available documentary evidence
regarding the Workshops in conjunction with
Dr. J. Prangnell’s ARCA2100 lecture series and field-work
carried out at the site on 24 August and
21 September 2013.
Further, this report also uses heritage interpretations
from the historic Eveleigh Rail Workshops, (Eveleigh/Redfern,
Sydney, New South Wales), the Old Boggo Road Gaol (Dutton
Park, Brisbane, Queensland) and Fort Lytton (Fort Lytton
National Park, Lytton, Brisbane, Queensland) as
comparative guidance for current, and future,
interpretation of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 5
“THE OLD THAT IS STRONG DOES NOT WITHER …”
J. R. R. TOLKIEN THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING (1954)
2.1HISTORY OF THE NORTH IPSWICH RAILWAY WORKSHOPS:
LOCATION:
Approximate co-ordinates of the contemporary North Ipswich
Railway Workshops (‘the Workshops’) and The Workshops Rail
Museum, as generated using Google Earth, are: (φ)
27°35'50.31"S (λ) 152°45'30.45"E (see Figure: 1).
Figure 1: Workshops and Bogie Shop Location. Sensis Pty Ltd ® via
Google Earth
© 2013. Image generated 18.09.13
ORIGINAL SITE:
Work began on the original workshops in 1864, with the
first buildings completed in 1865 (Grimwade 1995:9). The
first workshops initially used to maintain locomotives
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 6
and rolling-stock mainly imported from Britain (Buchanan
1996:10; Grimwade 1995:28). By 1877, the Workshops were
producing their own locomotives and rolling-stock, along
with providing ongoing maintenance for existing
equipment (Buchanan 1996:12).The diversification of the
workshops, and consequent growth of the workforce,
necessitated a large-scale industrial expansion of the
site (Grimwade 1995:13).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 7
‘NEW’ WORKSHOPS:
Poorer employees of the Workshops had set-up makeshift
accommodation on a large 40ha clearing immediately north
of the original site; which the worker’s referred to as
the ‘Box Flats’. These flats were chosen as the location
for the new site, and in 1885 the construction of new
carriage and wagon, painting, fitting, and machine shops
commenced, with work on a new smithy beginning in 1886
(Grimwade 1995:12-13,52).
EXPANSION IN THE 1900s:
Following a series of accidents (including the explosion
of two boilers) an official enquiry into safety at the
Workshops was launched in 1899, the outcome of which
resulted in the expansion of the site (G. Mate 2013).
Re-development of the Workshops not only improved safety
conditions; it also created physical provision for the
increasing specialisation of the work-force (Buchanan
1996:12,14; 2011:35). In late 1899 construction started
on an ambitiously large and organised industrial-site,
whose geometric planning emulated the iconic Crewe and
Swindon workshops of Great Britain (Grimwade 1995:13).
The expansion featured central ‘traversing’ lines which
serviced boiler, carriage/wagon, fitting, machine and
erecting shops on the south horizon in addition to
pattern, blacksmiths’ and moulders’ shops (including
foundry) on the northern horizon (Buchanan 1996:14;
Grimwade 1995:28; G. Mate 2013 pers comm). Other Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 8
buildings included new storehouses, amenities buildings
and the distinctive Powerhouse.
THE END OF AN ERA:
Following WWII there were significant rail-trade
deficits in Queensland; demand was outstripping supply
at the Workshops by a substantial rate (Buchanan
2011:50). In 1950 planning for new rail-yards and
workshops began, with the Redbank Railway Workshops opening
some eight years later (Buchanan 2011:50). The Redbank
site was larger and less topographically constricted
than the North Ipswich Workshops, further; its opening
was roughly contemporaneous with adoption of diesel-
electric locomotives. As such, the workforce gradually
relocated to Redbank between 1958 and 1995 (Buchanan
2011:50-51).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 9
A NEW LEASE ON LIFE:
During the 1990’s, sections of the North Ipswich Railway
Complex were sold, including the site of the original
workshops (which now forms part of the ‘Riverlink Shopping
Precinct’). However, the northern end of the site was set-
apart for heritage conservation and adaptive reuse
(Buchanan 2011:51). The Workshops were provisionally
added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 1996 (pursuant to
the Queensland Heritage Act, 1992), with a permanent entry
being made on the 21st of April, 1997 (please see
‘Appendix A’ for relative heritage documentation).
Further, Queensland Rail elected to keep some workshops
operational in order to provide maintenance for its
fleet of heritage locomotives (G. Mate 2013).
The preservation and continued rail-trade of the
Workshops has promoted ongoing community connections to
the site; which is a significant aspect of the
constructed-identity of the population of Ipswich, and
an iconic symbol of Queensland’s industrial past.
Crucially, in a multi-collaborative effort (including
but not limited to the Queensland State Government,
Ipswich City Council and the Queensland Museum); “The
Workshops Rail Museum” (see Figure 2), was established,
opening to the public in 2002 (Buchanan 2011:51; G. Mate
2013 pers comm.).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 10
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 11
Figure 2: TheWorkshop Rail Museum (exterior view 2003). ®Donovan Hill Pty Ltdwww.bvn.com.au. Image
“From the foundry… the ring of the anvil tells its own story” - The Brisbane Courier 15 May 1908
2.2HISTORY OF THE ‘BOGIE SHOP’
The Bogie Shop (also referred to as the Foundry,
Moulding Shop, and Bogie and Brake Repair Shop) is a
large federation warehouse located at the current site
of “The Workshops Rail Museum”, in North Ipswich,
Queensland (see Figure 1). The construction of the Bogie
Shop coincided with the early 20th century expansion of
the Workshops, and was completed in 1904 (Buchanan
1996:20; 2011:45). The original incarnation of the
building included: an iron foundry, brass foundry,
coppersmiths’ section and tinsmiths’ section; with
appropriate furnaces supplied for each (Grimwade
1995:54). The original machinery, as specified in
written orders to Tannett & Walker Co. Engineers (Leeds,
England, 1900), and Fielding and Platt Atlas Works
(Gloucester, England, 1900); comprised of:
“three hydraulic cranes, three hydraulic riveter cranes, one hydraulic
forging press, one gantry crane, and one hydraulic platform lift.”
- Grimwade 1995:54
In 1911, a ‘Chilean’ stone mill was added to the
building, and the original hydraulic cranes were
replaced with electric models the subsequent year,
coinciding with the expansion of Powerhouse operations
(Grimwade 1995:54). One of the electric overhead
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 12
traveling cranes remains in the Bogie Shop to this day,
along with section of the gantry (J. Prangnell 2013; G.
Mate 2013).
NOT JUST RAILWAY MEN:
Following the outbreak of WWI, the Foundry prepared
casings, head-lamps and other materials for the
Australian Armed Forces, and, along with all other
Workshops’ personnel, workers contributed 1% of their
wages to ‘the war effort’ (Grimwade 1995:54-55). 1918 saw
the first trials of iron-ore smelting in Queensland,
conducted in the furnaces of the Foundry, while 1919-
1920 saw foundry workers casting connecting rods and
crank pieces for a crippled Vickers Vimy aircraft (see
Figure 3) (Buchanan 1996).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 13
During WWII, the Foundry helped to manufacture 30-tonne
munitions castings, and produced components for a
massive 135-ton (122.24 metric) lathe (see Figure 4);
the largest produced in the southern hemisphere during
the 20th century (Buchanan 1996:16, Grimwade 1995:54;
G. Mate 2013 pers comm.). Please see also ‘Appendix B’ for
relevant newspaper articles.
Left - Figure 3: Testing repairs on R. and K. Smith’s Vickers Vimy 1920.
Buchanan 1996Right - Figure 4: Headstock section of the gun-lathe, Erecting Shop c.1943. ®
Australian WarMemorial Website - 1996-2013. Image retrieved 23.09.13
THE BOGIE & BRAKE REPAIR SHOP:
In 1965 the Foundry and Pattern Shop was moved to
Redbank, and was subsequently repurposed as the Bogie
and Brake Repair Shop (Buchanan 1996:20; Grimwade
1995:54). The Bogie Shop ceased operation in 1995, when
the Redbank Workshops took over the repair and
maintenance of Queensland Rail (QR) rolling-stock.
While the building is still owned by QR, The Workshops
Rail Museum currently rents the building for storage,
mainly museum overflow (G. Mate 2013). The Bogie and
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 14
Brake Repair Shop was added to the Queensland Heritage
Register as part of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops
Complex in 1997, pursuant to the Queensland Heritage Act,
1992. Please see also ‘Appendix A’ for relative heritage
documentation.
3. THE BUILDING: A PHYSICAL PAST, PHYSICALLY PRESENT
The Bogie Shop was designed as a large, utilitarian
space; and indeed, saw near continuous use until its
closure in 1995. The building provides unique insight to
the physical history of the Workshops.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 15
As one of the Federation Warehouses facing the traverser,
is an integral representative element of the ‘industrial
streetscape’ of the Railway Workshops (Grimwade 1995:31).
The building is the first of the warehouses on the north
horizon of the site, and as such, is immediately
conspicuous in the landscape. The approximate dimensions
of the Bogie Shop are: (8.46m + 1.76m) H x 80.6m L x 38m
W; giving the warehouse an approximate cubic volume
(using the exterior measurements, including total roof
height) of some 31301.816m3 (Figures 5, 6.1 and 6.2, please
also see ‘Appendix C’ for original drawings and images).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 16
Left - Figure 5: Mud Map of Bogie and Brake Repair Shop, first field trip. M. Stewart 2013. N.B. Full size original in ‘Appendix C’.
Top Right - Figure 6.1: South Wall Elevations.J. Montgomery, M. Stewart 2013
Bottom Right - Figure 6.2: NorthWall Elevations. J. Montgomery, M. Stewart 2013. N.B. Original computer generated images in ‘Appendix C’.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 17
Figure 6: ‘Mud-map’ of the Bogie Shop floor-plan and measurements. M.Stewart 2013
See also: Appendix A for original drawings of Bogie Shop 2013
3.1ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS AND MATERIAL
The basic construction materials of the Bogie Shop, as
with all the late Victorian Federation Warehouses, are
brick and mortar. However, considering that the building
was constructed as a Foundry, and, furthermore, was never
intended to be observed by the public, the brickwork on
the exterior of the building is rather ornate. The gable-
ended walls feature plinths, pilasters and corbels, in
addition to projecting string courses, all of which give
the exterior of the building a pleasing visual aesthetic
(Grimwade 1995:31). As with it contemporaries, the
building also features the iconic saw-toothed roofing of
the Federation Warehouse style, along with multi-pane
cast-iron windows, along with decorative arched apertures
for windows and doors (Grimwade 1995:31). The coloured
brickwork above the entranceways and windows is not
exactly repeated elsewhere on the site; giving the Bogie
Shop its own unique character and appearance.
3.2 EXTERIOR
ANNEXES AND OUTBUILDINGS:
On the western side of the Bogie Shop, there is
moderately sized wooden lean-to, which is attached to the
east wall of the building (see Figures 7 and 8).
Significantly, this annex houses the lockers of past
employees, which are scrawled with personal messages and
graffito.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 18
Left -Figure 7: South facing view of wooden ‘Locker Room/Office’. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 8: ‘Locker Room’ west wall. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 19
On the eastern wall, there is a large, steel skillion-
roofed lean-to, the southern end of which houses seating
for members of the public, while the fenced-off
northern-end section provides elemental protection for
historic locomotives and rolling stock (see Figures 9 and
10).
Left - Figure 9: East wall annex, with steam roller. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 10: Steam loco being stored under east wall annex. R. Hunter 2013
There is a timber and corrugated-iron lean-to attached
to the north wall of the building, between the two
arched entranceways (see Figures 11 and 12). This
structure currently houses various rail-centric
industrial debris.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 20
Left -Figure 11: North wall annex housing rail debris. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 12: North wall from Powerhouse elevation. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 21
Additionally, a there is a bricked structure fixed to
the western wall (which previously saw use as a worker’s
toilet and shower room – see Figures 13 and 14) and a
wooden lean-to on the north-west corner (which served as
a female toilet – see Figure 15).
Left - Figure 13: Men’s toilet/shower room, urinal. R. Hunter 2013
Centre - Figure 14: Men’s toilet/shower room, shower. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 15: Women’s toilet outbuilding. R. Hunter 2013
ENTRANCES
As previously mentioned, the entranceways to the Bogie
Shop are arched, and feature decorative coloured
brickwork and ornate sandstone keystones (see Figures 16
and 17).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 22
Left - Figure 16: South east door. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 17: South west door. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 23
The height of the openings is functional, permitting the
movement of locomotives, rolling stock and machinery
through the space. Importantly, what appear to be two
sets of original timber doors remain on site at the
northern end of the building (G. Mate 2013 - see Figures
18 and 19).
Left - Figure 18: North east doors, partially attached. R. Hunter 2013 Right - Figure 19: North west door, intact. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 24
Other entrances appear to have been fashioned or
otherwise modified on a ‘needs-basis’ throughout the
buildings’ history. Brick units appear to have been
stripped in some places, while glass has been removed
from windows to create new openings. There is evidence
of modern paint-work, concrete and timber alterations;
especially along the eastern wall (see Figures 20, 21 and
22).
Right -Figure 22: Timber boarded entrance on east wall. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 25
Left - Figure 20: East wall door, original (?), with modification. R Hunter 2013.
Centre -Figure 21:
WINDOWS
Although some of the windows have been boarded and/or
bricked over (especially along the western wall of the
building), many of the original cast-iron multi-pane
windows remain intact; although it should be noted that
nearly all show some signs of modification (see Figures
22, 23 and 24).
Left - Figure 22: Central south wall window reflecting the clouds. R. Hunter 2013Centre -Figure 23: Eastern wall window with louver modifications. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 24: Western wall window with boarded door. R. Hunter 2013
WATER MANAGEMENT
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 26
The exterior of the building demonstrates various
approaches to water management through time (see Figures 25
– 28).
Left - Figure 25: West wall original (?) fluted downpipes. R. Hunter 2013Centre Left -Figure 26: Locker Room PVC downpipe. R. Hunter 2013
Centre Right - Figure 27: East wall, modern downpipe. M. Stewart 2013Right - Figure 28: East wall original ornate downpipe. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 27
CONDITION AND CHANGES IN FABRIC
At one-hundred and nine years of age, the Bogie Shop is
largely in good physical condition, however; its ‘skin’
bears corporal testament to its use, adaptation, and
current state of inattention. There are numerous
indications of damage, modification and repair, some of
which are demonstrated in Figures 29 to 35.
Left - Figure 29: East wall modifications. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 30: North wall water damage. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 28
Left - Figure 31: East wall fracture and repair. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 32: East wall drill-holes. M. Stewart 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 29
Left - Figure 33: East wall damaged sandstone sill. R. Hunter 2013Centre - Figure 34: East wall entrance alterations. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 35: South east entrance damaged/modified brickwork. R.Hunter 2013
3.3 INTERIOR:
The following photographs (Figures 36 – 70) demonstrate how
the nature of changing use is reflected in Bogie Shop’s
internal fabric. The buildings’ metamorphosis, from
foundry to storage space; is clearly evident. Utilitarian
requirements and modifications are reflected in the doors
and windows, wiring and lighting, the modern concrete
floor and timber partitioning. Use-materials have altered
greatly over time, and the building exhibits a unique
hybridisation of archaic and modern technologies. The
metanarrative of the Bogie Shop’s use, and its social
history, is manifest in the physical presence of various
rail-centric signage, graffiti and refuse, with museum
overflow and storage providing a clear indication of
current use.
FLOORING
Left - Figure 36: Rail service track covering. R. Hunter 2013
Centre -Figure 37: Gap in concrete slap with yellow paint. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 38: Concrete slab looking towards south west door. R. Hunter
2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 30
WINDOWS AND DOORS
Left - Figure 39: Partially bricked window at men’s toilet. R. Hunter 2013Centre -Figure 40: West wall door between locker room and toilet block. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 41: ‘Besser blocked’ window with remnant scorch marks. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 31
Left - Figure 42: North east door with archaeology student for scale R. Hunter2013
Centre - Figure 43: Small eastern door with archaeology student for scale R.Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 44: Bricked windows along west wall. R. Hunter 2013
LIGHTING AND WIRING
Left - Figure 45: Early 20th C light fitting. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 46: Utilization of natural light through the saw toothed roof. R.Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 32
Left - Figure 47: Overhead track lighting. R. Hunter 2013Centre - Figure 48: Modern light attachment in men’s toilet. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 49: Close-up of track lighting. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 33
INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND FEATURES
Figure 50: Partitioning on central western side of building. R. Hunter 2013
Left - Figure 51: Disused Bogie/Brake Repair Shop era kitchen. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 52: Central partitioning wall. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 34
Left - Figure 53: Internal Bogie/Brake Repair era office and first aid room. R.Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 55: External Bogie/Brake Repair era office and first aid room. R.Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 35
Left - Figure 56: Bogie/Brake Repair era time keepers office. R. Hunter 2013Centre - Figure 57: Bogie/Brake Repair era ‘Thomas Room’. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 59: Bogie/Brake Repair era lockers. R. Hunter 2013
MUSEUM STORAGE AND ‘GHOSTS OF THE PAST’
Left - Figure 60: Museum Storage, c.1920s ‘English Electric’ loco components. R.Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 61: Museum Storage, scale proportion voltmeter. R. Hunter 2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 36
Figure 62: Overhead crane, disused carriage, and museum storage. R. Hunter2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 37
Left - Figure 63: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era wire guide. R. Hunter 2013Right - Figure 64: Museum overflow, box of ticket stubs. R. Hunter 2013
Left - Figure 65: Rusting bogies with archaeology student for scale. R. Hunter
2013Right - Figure 66: Early Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era signage. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 68: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era ‘Richie’s Frustration Pad’. R. Hunter
2013
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 38
Left - Figure 67: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era signage demonstrating past employee socio-cultural factors. R. Hunter 2013
Left - Figure 69: Foundry era ‘Check Box’, housed worker’s brass time checks/tokens,exterior south wall. R. Hunter 2013
Right - Figure 70: Bogie Shop/Brake Repair era ‘Check Box’, housed worker’s brasstime
checks/tokens, interior central partition. R. Hunter 2013
“DEEP ROOTS ARE NOT TOUCHED BY THE FROST…”
J. R. R. TOLKIEN THE LORD OF THE RINGS THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE RING (1954)
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 40
4. SOCIAL CONTEXT AND SIGNIFICANCE
The Bogie Shop is a powerful physical symbol, not only
of industry and rail, but perhaps more importantly; of
Ipswich’s growth, former economic prosperity and social
history. Places of built heritage are far too often
severed from their unique sociocultural histories, thus
it is imperative to recognise the inextricable social
connection of the Workshops, the rail workforce and the
community of Ipswich
(Pearson and Sullivan 1995:293)
EMPLOYMENT
Throughout its operational history, the North Ipswich
Railway Workshops was a fundamental basis of employment
for the community of Ipswich. In 1915 the Workshops
employed 1,600 men, which equates to 9% of the
population of Ipswich, while at the conclusion of WWII,
the Workshops had 3,300 personnel, some 33% of the
population Buchanan 1996:20). Between 1898 and 1995, the
mean employment-rate was 1,500 people (G. Mate 2013).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 41
CLUBS AND SOCIETIES
More than just a place to work, the Workshops were a hub
of social activity, providing the broader community with
socially integrated systems of support and opportunities
for cultural egress; analogous to fictive kinship
networks formed in the Workshops themselves (Manco,
Buchanan and Blake 2011:107). The Queensland Rail Institute
(1894 to present), the Queensland Ambulance Corps (1892 to
1992 – now the Queensland Rail First Aid Services), and the
Ipswich Railway Band (1913 to 1934) provided vocational,
educational and cultural resources and facilities for
workers and their families (Manco et al 2011:108).
Employees of the Workshops established numerous sporting
teams and groups – with both internal (inter-workshop
competitions) and external (community/regional
competitions) representation (Manco et al 2011:119).
INDUSTRY, INGENUITY AND COMMUNITY; RAILWAY WORKSHOPS
FORMING REGIONAL IDENTITY
The Workshops were a conspicuous aspect of day to day
life for the community of Ipswich (Buchanan 2011:121).
The sheer volume of people employed at the site
necessitated association to place and comprehension of
constructed community identities. For some families in
the region, the Workshops have employed generations of
workers (G Mate 2013). Whether by direct or indirect
contact, the public formed intimate bonds with the
Workshops (Buchanan 2011:121). From the ‘flood’ of
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 42
arrivals and departures every morning and evening, to
the work- siren blasts, to the pillars of smoke and
industrial noise; the Workshops were monument to
industry and ingenuity in Ipswich (G. Mate 2013). With
such a long operational history, the Workshops were
subject to economic, political, technological and
cultural transformations (Bowden 2000:71). The presence
of the War Memorial (WWI) outside the dining hall is a
striking reminder that even as ‘railway m en’
manufactured, assembled and forged, their colleagues,
friends and relatives fought and died.
At present, the historic steam locomotive rail-tradition
continues at the site, with the ongoing repair and
meticulous restoration of heritage locomotives (Grimwade
1995:28, G. Mate 2013). The site was, and remains,
iconic of the industry, ingenuity and community of
Ipswich.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 43
4.1 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: BOGIE AND BRAKE REPAIR
SHOP
Purpose-built as a Foundry in 1904 and adapted as a
maintenance- shop for rolling-stock in 1968, this
building saw continuous use until its closure in 1995.
The Bogie Shop is exemplary of industrial warehouses in
the (late Victorian) Federation Style, and is therefore,
of architectural merit (Apperly et al 1994:62). The Bogie
Shop retains many original features; including an
iconic’ saw-toothed roof’ and decorative coloured
brickwork – giving it a particular industrial atheistic.
Throughout its’ history, the building played a vital
role in the manufacture, maintenance and repair of
rolling-stock, which serviced the region and state. It
is also the locale of the first trail of iron-ore
smelting in Queensland; thereby occupying a unique
techno-historical position. Various associations with
former employees are evident throughout, including but
not limited to; graffiti and personal messages, in
conjunction with rail-centric signage and notices.
Socially, the Bogie Shop must be considered in the
context of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops complex
as a whole. The Workshops remain a conspicuous and
stable element of the Ipswich community, whose past and
present workforce take pride in their employment at such
an iconic site (Grimwade 1995:37). The Bogie Shop is of
significance to the region, to the state of Queensland
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 44
and to Australia for past, present and future
generations; having irreplaceable architectural,
aesthetic, technological, historical and social meaning.
5. INTERPRETATION
Ensuring that a place is interpreted “in its regional and
historic context” is of vital import for built heritage
(Pearson and Sullivan 1995:293). Any implementation of
interpretive measures must maintain the links between
the Workshops and the local community, and further, take
into account the age, educational background, and socio-
economic realities of respondents, as well as catering
to potential language barriers, and physical and/or
intellectual disabilities (Aplin 2002:39). Successful
interpretation should involve epistemic transliteration
for respondents and coalesce the various components of
place into a site-sensitive narrative (Wolters and
Machamer 2010:5). Essentially, quality interpretation
enhances the understanding and enjoyment of place,
creating meaning and establishing knowledge for
respondents (Wolters and Machamer 2010:5).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 45
THE LANGUAGE OF INDUSTRY
The Workshops possess a distinctive character and
present a regionally-unique value set in regard to
industry and community. The standing interpretation,
represented by the processes and mechanisms of The
Workshops Rail Museum (TWRM), is sensitive to the site’s
history and ideology (Mate and Moritz 2011:179). TWRM
coveys understanding through the presentation of the
site in restricted and appropriate forms of
communication – material is shown in the ‘language’ of
the Workshops (please see also ‘Appendix D’). This being
said, visitors to site ‘translate’ interpretive
mechanisms through their own socio-cognitive processes
(Nolan 2007:2). Therefore, great effort has been made to
cater to persons of varying socio-economic and socio-
political backgrounds. It must be stated however, that
due to the physical restrictions of the Workshops (as
operational warehouses), geographic and socio-historical
constraints, as well as fiscal limitations; the
Workshops are deliberately geared to Austral-European
respondents, without significant cognitive or physical
disability. This does not mean that persons of non-
Austral-European ethnicity or persons with
intellectual/physical disability do not have meaningful
interactions with the site, rather; interpretive
measures and mechanisms may be less accessible to these
groups.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 46
5.1 INTERPRETATION OF THE BOGIE SHOP
TWRM has set a precedent of very high standard, and all
future interpretive approaches should be integrative
with the current efforts of the museum (see Mate and
Moritz 2011). As an inalienable constituent of the
Workshops, interpretation of the Bogie Shops should
clearly express the buildings unique character and
industrial-history; the authenticity of which should be
conserved and celebrated wherever possible. Congruent
with the Burra Charter (Article 3.1), any and all work
carried out on the Bogie Shop requires a restrained
approach, changing ‘as much as necessary but as little
as possible’ (Walker and Marquis-Kyle 2004).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 47
While a comprehensive interpretive plan will be set
forth in a further report, the author notes that the
following aspects of the Bogie Shop have been noted as
particularly significant, and whose conservation,
restoration and presentation are interpretive to
interpreting the Bogie Shop:
o ‘Locker Room’ annex (Figures 6,7) containing
personal notices and graffiti – provides a physical
anchor for social history;
o original north wall entrance doors (Figures 18,19)
were present for the entire operational use –
provides a physical anchor for narrative history;
o unique and decorative coloured brickwork (e.g.
Figures 16,17) – provides a physical anchor for
explanation of aesthetic quality and significant
architecture;
o any/all original multi-paned windows (e.g. Figure
22) – potential for restoration as exemplary items
of past skill and craftsmanship;
o saw-toothed roof (Figure 40) –visual cue for
environmental management of light and heat, iconic
feature of the Workshops;
o Overhead Electric Gantry Crane (Figure 62) –
demonstrating industry and the use of changing
technology;
o any/all signage (e.g. Figure 66) , notices (e.g.
Figure 67) and personal graffito (e.g. Figure 68)
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 48
from use-periods ), – valuable anchors for social
history;
o checkboxes (Figures 69, 70) – excellent anchor for
social history and site processes;
o furnace scorch marks (north west corner, Figure 41)
– Foundry era mnemonic;
o remnant Brake Repair Shop era rolling stock over
eastern service pits (retaining dirt/sand floor) –
visual explanation of modern use; and
o remnant rolling stock (e.g. Figure 65) of varying
ages present outside eastern wall; visual
explanation for building function and purpose.
The removal of obtrusive debris, refuse and outbuildings
(the north wall annex in particular – see Figures 11 and
12) would assist in demonstrating the presence and visual
quality of Bogie Shop.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 49
THE DIGITAL AGE
The author notes the importance of incorporating the
Foundry/Bogie Shop into digital mediums of expression.
TWRM have established a strong digital presence;
especially through their website (e.g. Figure 71). There
is great potential for documentary evidence (including
but not limited to maps, plans, photographs, newspaper-
articles and oral histories) which specifically relates
to the Bogie Shop to be integrated into pre-existing
web-based interpretation.
Figure 71: Screen Shot, The Workshops Rail Museum website. © The QueenslandMuseum
2010-2013: http://www.theworkshops.qm.qld.gov.au (retrieved15.9.13)
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 50
Figure 72: Screen Shot, The Workshops Rail Museum website, ‘Self-Guided Audio Tour’© The Queensland Museum 2010-2013:
http://www.theworkshops.qm.qld.gov.au/Events+and+Exhibitions/Events+and+Activities/Self+Guided+Audio+Tour
(retrieved 21.9.13)
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 51
TWRM have also developed a self-guided audio ( see Figure
72), available as a downloadable ‘app’ for ‘smart phone’
users on © iOS and ©Android platforms (Mate 2013;
Queensland Museum 2010-2013). The implantation of
technology to help understand the Workshops is congruous
to the ideology of the site and the exploitation of
‘smart phone’ technology is of great future potential.
Programming is far easier to edit and adapt in order to
suit the changing needs of the site and respondents than
physical signage. The versatility and adaptability of
digital mediums cannot be ignored, and integrative
measures should be taken in regard to the Bogie Shop.
6. INTERPRETATION OF OTHER BUILT-HERITAGE PLACES
6.1 FORT LYTTON
QUEENSLAND HERITAGE REGISTER:
Fort Lytton: Lytton Queensland, 4178 (Brisbane City
Council municipally):
ID. 600248 (current as of 20.09.13)
Lytton Quarantine Station: Lytton, Queensland, 4178
(Brisbane City Council municipally): ID. 601347 (current
as of 20.09.13)
For detailed information regarding the significance and
history of Fort Lytton, please see the official
Queensland Heritage Register entry:
https://heritage-register.ehp.qld.gov.au/placeDetail.htm
l?siteId=15023Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 52
RESTRICTED ACCESS
In addition to being a
protected place under the
Queensland Heritage Act, 1992, Fort
Lytton also falls under the
protection of the Queensland
Nature Conservation Act, 1992 as it
is part of the greater Lytton
National Park. The general
public can only access Fort
Lytton between 10am – 4pm on Sundays and public
holidays, with a limited range of activities permissible
at the site pursuant to National Parks legislation moat
(NPRSR, 2013).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 53
The Fort Lytton Historical Association (a volunteer
group) provides free guided tours when the National Park
is open, and in collaboration with the state government,
conduct guided tours for special events, run and staff
the onsite museum, and provide maintenance for the
heritage gun collection and remnant buildings (NPRSR,
2013; Fort Lytton Historical Association, 2013).
‘A LIVING HISTORY’
Initial visual feedback of the archaeological remnants
of Fort Lytton and the Quarantine Station give the
impression of an ordered, sterile and non-interactive
place, in what is a ‘culturally acceptable’ management
strategy of tangible archaeo-historical heritage (Smith
2004:195). Limited access and park restrictions further
the idea of passivity at the site, with an apparent
expectation of inert spectatorship. (Goulding 2000:835).
However, Fort Lytton is a superlative example of ‘living
history’; celebrating the original use of place, while
simultaneously promoting dynamic and lateral function
(Gunton 1996: i). This is best exemplified by the annual
“HISTORY ALIVE: A JOURNEY THROUGH TIME” (see Figure 73), a
two-day event which attracts a diverse range
respondents, especially persons involved with historical
re-enactment.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 54
In a multi-collaborative effort, the History Alive event is
managed by The Queensland Living History Federation in
association with the Queensland Department of National
Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing and the Fort Lytton
Historical Association.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 55
Figure 73: Historicalre-enactment group at Fort Lytton. © Queensland Living History Federation2013: http://www.history
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR THE BOGIE SHOP:
Although restriction is functional in the case of Fort
Lytton, it helps to foster ideas of exclusivity and
‘unique access’ for respondents. Restriction of the
Workshops is necessary as the majority of the site is
under QR ownership in addition to being an active
workplace. The tours already operating at the site give
respondents a sense of ‘behind-the-scenes’ access. This
could be further exploited in regard to the Bogie Shop
through integration with pre-existing operations, or as
occasional building specific tours.
Actively participating with place already occurs to
some degree at TWRM, however, it is mostly age-
restricted to younger demographics. Educational
programs, similar in interactive form to the popular
‘Build –It’, could be implemented for adult audiences.
Rail-centric historical re-enactment is also a potential
avenue for increasing visitor attendance, although
successful execution is highly problematic. This being
said, ‘living history’ is a valuable way in which
respondents form meaningful attachments to place,
negating passivity and indifference by encouraging
participant over speciation and is a worthy avenue to
further explore (Goulding 2000:835).
6.2 EVELEIGH
NEW SOUTH WALES HERITAGE REGISTER:
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 56
Eveleigh Railway Workshops: also known as Eveleigh
Railway Yards, the Eveleigh Precinct, Sydney Technology
Park; the Macdonaldtown Gasworks and the Macdonaldtown
Triangle. Redfern, New South Wales, 2016 (Sydney City
Council municipally). State Heritage Register (pursuant
to the NSW Heritage Act, 1977) Listing Number: 01140,
Gazette Number: 27, current as of 20.09.13
HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION REGISTER (S. 170 REGISTER)
The Carriage Works at Eveleigh: also known as The
Performance Space, Eveleigh Railway Yards, Eveleigh
Precinct. Eveleigh, NSW 2015 (Sydney City Council
municipally). State Government Database Number: 3070004,
current as of 20.09.13
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 57
For detailed information regarding the significance and
history of the Eveleigh
Railway Workshops please see the official New South
Wales State Heritage Registry entry:
http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/View
HeritageItemDetails.aspx?ID=5045103.
For detailed information regarding the significance and
history of The Carriage Works at Eveleigh, please see
the official Heritage and Conservation Register entry:
http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/heritageapp/ViewHerita
ge
ItemDetails.aspx?ID=3070004
‘TRACKS AND BAYS’: ACTIVE CULTURAL EXPRESSION IN
ADAPTIVE REUSE AT SYDNEY’S ‘CARRIAGE WORKS’
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 58
Left - Figure 74: Bay 17 Major Performance Theatre. © Carriage Works2007 – 2013:
www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)Right - Figure 75: Bay 19 Carriage Works Exhibition Space. © Carriage Works
2007 – 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)
‘Bay 17’(Figure 74) is a large theatre-space, equipped
with seating for up to 800 people, which is routinely
used for lecturing and educational purposes in addition
to being the Carriage Works’ main performance space.
‘Bay 19’ (Figure 75) was designed for art and mixed media
installations and exhibitions in addition to small scale
performance work (Carriage Works, 2013).
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 59
Left- Figure 76: Bay 20 Theatre Space. © Carriage Works 2007 - 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)
Right - Figure 77: Bay 20 Theatre Space showing fabric of original building. ©Carriage Works 2007 - 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved
21.09.13)
‘Bay 20’ (Figures 73 and 74) is a moderately sized
theatre space, with seating for up to 270 people, and
was designed for performance of not only theatre, but of
music and mixed media presentations (Carriage Works,
2013). The space deliberately encourages respondents to
reflect on the sites former use as a railway workshop.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 60
Left - Figure 78: Track 8 Versatile performance space. © Carriage Works2007 - 2013:
www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)Right - Figure 79: Track 12 Versatile performance space. © Carriage Works
2007 - 2013:www.carriageworks.com.au (retrieved 21.09.13)
‘Track 8’ (Figure 78) and ‘Track 12’ (Figure 79) are
purpose built venues with sprung flooring and acoustic
management; designed for the development of theatre
skills and for use as small performance spaces (Carriage
Works, 2013). These small, functional spaces are
routinely hired for a variety of functions, especially
corporate events.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 61
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR THE BOGIE SHOP:
While the use-ideology of The Carriage Works at Eveleigh
is not appropriate for the Workshops, the coalescent
presentation of art meeting industry is an appropriate
theme for the Bogie Shop. Expression of self through
industry is a potential avenue for attracting a wider
range of demographics to the site. Further, the idea of
an educational lecture space is appealing. The work
carried out at the site, both past and present was
artisan (see also ‘Appendix A’, article 2), a feature of
the place which should be celebrated (Mate 2013).
6.3 BOGGO ROAD
“This is the fortress on the hill. The most imposing structure on the locallandscape.” - Dawson 2007: 24
QUEENSLAND HERITAGE REGISTER:
Boggo Road Gaol: No 2 Division and Remnant No 1
Division: Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102 (Brisbane City
Council municipally): ID. 601033 (current as of
20.09.13)
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 62
Figure 77: Old Boggo Road Gaol. Unknown Author, 2008http://www.boggoroadjail.net (retrieved 28.9.13)
For detailed information regarding the significance and
history of Boggo Road Gaol, please see the official
Queensland Heritage Register entry:
https://heritage-register.ehp.qld.gov.au/placeDetail.htm
l?siteId=15808
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 63
‘HAUNTED HERITAGE’: INCARCERATION, DOMINATION, DEATH AND
PUNISHMENT – BUT NO INTERPRETATION
Please see ‘Appendix E’ for photos of the gaol, this
appendix also contains literature which demonstrates how
integral heritage is to the Woolloongabba and Dutton
Park area and its community.
Respondents now have limited access to the site through
‘ghost tours’, which draw on the specific historical
aspect of capital punishment at the goal. The use of
digital media has become an important aspect of
information exchange (and therefore an important
mechanism of interpretation), for the site – as there is
no information about the gaol available for visitors who
do not participate in, or cannot pay for, ‘ghost tours’.
There is no historical information at the site, through
signage or otherwise.
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR THE BOGIE SHOP:
The lack of information available to respondents at
Boggo Road Gaol is reminiscent of a complete lack of
educational resources regarding the Bogie Shop. While
the lack of interpretive measure allow both of these
impressive examples of built-heritage to ‘speak for
themselves’, this agency is extremely limited. Lack of
educational resources at the site mean that respondents
can only garner a very limited understanding of the
building as it is divorced from its original context,
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 64
and physically dwarfed by the modern Eco-Sciences
precinct, no longer the lone ‘fortress on the hill’.
This demonstrates the need for some informative signage
in regard to the Bogie Shop.
7. CONCLUSION
As a unique and significant example of built-heritage,
the Bogie Shop requires active heritage conservation and
interpretation. The above report has looked at the
history of the North Ipswich Railway Workshops and the
Bogie Shop itself. The condition and fabric of both the
interior and exterior of the building has been
presented, in conjunction with visual demonstration of
changes through time and interrelated variance in
technology. Additionally, the worth of the Bogie Shop
(distinct from the Workshops as a whole) has been
assessed in Statement of Significance.
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 65
While this report has discussed potential interpretive
measures, and briefly discussed other built-heritage
places, the follow-up to this report (Stage 2) will
present an active plan for the Bogie Shop.
Fort Lytton, Eveleigh Railway Workshops and Boggo Road
Gaol demonstrate the ‘language’ in which built-heritage
places are presented to respondents, with each site
drawing on restricted socio-cultural values in order to
communicate engineered meta-narratives about the past.
These places provided valuable insight for positional
development of the Bogie Shop.
There is great potential for successful interpretation of
the building, not only due to its relationship with the
Workshops as a whole, but also as a unique example of
industrial-use over a 109 year period. The building
retains inimitable and remarkable use-ear features to
attract the attention and stimulate the curiosity of
respondents.
WORD COUNT (EXCLUDING TITLES, CAPTIONS AND DIRECT QUOTES: 4120
All INCLUSIVE WORD COUNT: 7029
Meaghan Stewart42293781ARCA 2100 66
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