CZMP of Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation in 1:25000 ...

1 CZMP of Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation in 1:25000 National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram – 11

Centre for Earth Science Studies, Thiruvananthapuram

CZMP of Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation in 1:25000 scale

1. Introduction

The preparation of the CZMP for Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation has been

undertaken as part of the CZMP preparation for the coastal zone of Thane and Sindhudurg

districts. The approach and methodology followed are the same for all the Municipal

Corporations, Municipal Councils and rural areas in the above districts.

The damages to the coastal zone and the impact of coastal hazards to communities and

properties, to a certain extent, can be controlled by regulating high impact activities in the

coastal zone. It was with this objective the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification

(MoEF, 2011; 1991) was introduced in the country.

1. 1 Coastal Zone Management Plans

The CRZ provides a spatial planning framework for Coastal Zone Management Plans

which provide setbacks around sensitive eco-zones restricting development and other

activities close to it. Setbacks require specific reference lines and boundaries for its

meaningful implementation. The High Tide Line (HTL) forms the cardinal reference

line for determining the setbacks for CRZ. The 100, 200 and 500m CRZ lines

landward from the HTL are the landward setback lines. The Low Tide Line (LTL)

and the Territorial water boundary (12 NM) form the setback lines towards the sea.

The Coastal Zone Management Plans are prepared in 2 scales:

1. CZMP consisting of CRZ maps in 1:25000 scale with Survey of toposheets as base maps

2. CZMP consisting of CRZ maps in 1:4000 scale with cadastral maps as base maps

The major work components are:

i. Generation of data in 1:4000 scale on HTL, LTL and eco-morphological systems

relevant for CRZ

ii. Demarcation of HTL, LTL, ecosystems and morphology relevant for CRZ in

1:25,000

iii. Demarcation of HTL, LTL, ecosystems and morphology relevant for CRZ in 1:4,000

scale.

iv. Preparation of CZMP maps consisting of CRZ maps in 1:25000 scale

v. Preparation of Local level CZMP maps in 1:4000 cadastral scale.

The CZM/ CRZ maps in 1:25000 scale with Survey of toposheets as base maps which are required for

policy decisions. These are to be submitted to MoEF, Govt of India for approval after stakeholder/


public consultations. The local level CRZ/ CZMP are prepared in 1:4000 with cadastral base maps

and based on the approved CZMP. Local level data in cadastral scale was generated initially which is

being used for preparing the 1;25000 CZMP on toposheet base maps. The same is used for local level

CRZ/CZMP maps.

1.2 CZMP in1:25000 scale

The present study and report provide the CZMP in 1:25000 scale.

2. High Tide Line

Different tide levels like Mean High Water Springs, Mean Low Water Springs, Lowest

Astronomical Tide, etc are defined and successfully used for navigational purposes and sea

surveying. The High Tide Level is dependent on lunar cycles. It is normally taken as the

water level at which the high tide intersects with the vertical plane.

The above definition is not in commensurate with the objectives of demarcating the HTL

which is to regulate the activities on the land. The experience of Naval Hydrographer while

demarcating the HTL in Goa way back in 1992-93 brought out the limitations in assigning

the usual definitions for the HTL (Menon, 1993). The HTL demarcated in this case for Goa

was found to be in the sea during the next monsoon.

A functional HTL is defined in the CRZ notification with the sole objective of protecting a

given stretch of coastal strip from environmental degradation. Hence an approach different

from the ones followed for navigational purpose, is necessary for demarcating HTL, in tune

with the definition given in the Notification.

The HTL is defined ‘for the purpose of the notification’ as “the line on the land upto which

the highest waterline reaches during the spring tide” which is different from the well known

and widely accepted definition of High Tide Level. The above definition of HTL takes into

consideration not only the level of inundation due to maximum tide (spring tide) but also the

wave set up (having a seasonal periodicity). The sea level thus formed due to the combined

effect of spring tide and wave set up gives the line of maximum reach of water on the land.

There is a similarity between the HTL thus defined and the High Water Line (HWL) given in

Survey of India (SoI) toposheets. Both are lines drawn on the land. But the HWL and HTL

are different that the former gives the fair season shoreline (because SoI field mapping is

conducted during non-rainy season) during spring tide while the latter accommodates the

rough season (monsoon) shoreline oscillations due to monsoon wave set up in addition to

spring tide inundation.

3. Low Tide Line

Unlike the HTL the Low Tide Line (LTL) has not been defined for CRZ. The HTL required

specific definition since the 100, 200 and 500m setback lines are defined with respect to the

HTL. The conventional definition of lowest low water level and the resultant low water line

during spring tide may be taken as the LTL.


4. Setback lines

The 100, 200 and 500m setback lines are drawn landward of the HTL. Once the HTL is well

defined and demarcated, the above 3 setback lines could be drawn without any ambiguity

following planimetric methods.

4.1 Setback line for CRZ II in MBMC

For urban areas like MBMC in which developed areas are eligible to be categorized

as CRZ II, the setback lines are different. Those prohibited activities listed in the CRZ

notification (2011: under para 3) are applicable for the entire CRZ. Other construction

activities are permitted in CRZ II landward of ‘existing’ buildings or ‘existing’ or

‘approved’ roads. The word ‘existing’ and ‘approved’ are specifically defined in the

notification.

5. Influence of Tidal action

The distance up to which CRZ is applicable upstream of estuaries, creeks, backwaters and

lagoons depends on the extent of tidal influence. The distance up to which tidal influence is

experienced is dependent on salinity concentration: if it is 5 ppt or more the water body is

considered to be influenced by tidal action (MoEF, 2011). Salinity measurements are carried

out to determine the limit. Tidal barrages and bunds constructed are also taken as the limit of

tidal influence.

6. Different approaches to demarcate HTL

The highest level horizontal positional and spatial accuracy in mapping and presenting the

HTL becomes necessary for field uses by CRZ implementing agencies. The agencies are

looking for a planimetric accuracy approaching zero error.

The different approaches now practiced in the country to demarcate the HTL are:

tide level projection

using morphological signatures

o field methods

o satellite data

The CESS follows the approach using morphological signatures (CESS, 1995)

6.1 HTL using morphological signatures

Morphological signatures are good indicators of shoreline oscillation and inundation of

coastal waters, which could be used for identifying the HTL. The inundation of coastal

waters on to the land and seasonal shoreline oscillations are dependent on coastal


morphology. Shoreline remains stable and would not retreat significantly along cliffy coasts.

The shoreline retreats up to the cliff base along pocket beaches. Artificial morphologies like

seawalls confine the oscillation of shoreline along the line of the structure itself. Sandy

beaches are prone to seasonal and long term shoreline oscillation. Long term stability of the

beach and the position of the stable part of the beach would be evident from morphological

signatures such as berm and berm crest.

This could be done by field methods and using satellite data.

6.1.1 Field method

The HTL has to be fixed with respect to certain reference points on the land. These reference

points at sufficiently close intervals (preferably at least 1 km alongshore) have to be marked

with respect to lat-long and known points in the base map. Geomorphologic features like

berm crest, cliff, headland, line of permanent vegetation, etc are indicators of the reach of sea

water into the land. Stable coastal protective structures like seawall also limit the intrusion of

seawater. Hence High Tide Line (line of maximum reach of seawater into the land during

spring tide) can be fixed in the field, with respect to these features and tied to the reference

points, as detailed below.

Landward (monsoonal) berm crest for beaches

In all the well-formed wide beaches, one or more berms (which are nearly horizontal part of

the beach formed by the deposition of sand by wave action) are usually observed. The

seaward end of the berm, which shows a sudden downward slope is called the berm crest.

When there is only one berm, it normally gets eroded during the monsoon with a berm crest

on the landward side. But when there are two berms the landward berm is the monsoonal

berm, which normally do not get eroded. Or else we can say that the erosion reaches only to

the second berm crest. Since the tidal waters do not reach the coast beyond this landward

berm crest, it is taken as the HTL. The distance to this point from the reference point is

measured using the beach profile to fix the position of the HTL.

Seawall/revetments/embankments

In highly erosion-prone areas, there are no landward second berms. Such locations will be

protected mostly by seawalls. During monsoon season majority of these are devoid of

beaches. The waves impinge upon the seawall during the monsoon season, especially during

the high tide. Thus they are the artificial barriers stopping the waves/tides at the coast. Since

the seaward part of the seawall in most cases is defaced due to erosion, the landward toe is

taken as the HTL boundary in such locations. There are some locations with two or three

lines of seawall, particularly in the accreting areas. The seaward seawall is considered here

for the purpose. On the other extreme, in the case of continuously eroding sites there are lines

of sea wall which are now in the sea. In such cases the landward seawall is taken. In order to

facilitate the demarcation of HTL at seawall locations, the latter has to be clearly marked in

the beach profile during coastal surveys.

Permanent Vegetation Line


Permanent vegetation develops on the stable part of the beach. The part of the beach

landward of monsoon berm crest is mostly stable. Hence the line of permanent vegetation

normally follows the line of monsoon berm crest which is the HTL.

Tidal flats and mudflats

Tidal flats and mud flats are formed by fine-grained silts and clays in a medium to large tidal

environment. They have a fairly large intertidal zone fringed by vegetation. In such cases the

landward limit of HTL can be demarcated as the line of permanent vegetation other than salt

marsh vegetation and mangroves of intertidal habitat. Other geomorphic signatures like

changes in land forms & sediment characteristics can also be used.

Rocks, Headlands, Cliffs

At the rock outcrops, headlands and cliffs the water is quite deep that there is virtually no

spatial displacement in the waterline. Hence, the High Water Line available in the

topographical maps (transferred to the base map) can be taken as such (Fig.4). However, at

the eroding laterite cliffs (e.g. Varkala, Paravoor, Thalassery in Kerala), the latest position of

the toe is taken from the cross section measured at the respective sites. This is to be verified

against the satellite imagery and transferred to the base map.

6.2 100, 200 & 500 m lines

Once the reference points and the HTL are available, it is not difficult to draw 100, 200 and

500 m line on the map as required in the Notification.

The distance of 100, 200 and 500 m from the HTL is converted to the map scale at each

reference point and demarcated. The above lines are drawn parallel to the HTL uniformly all

along the coast.

For the use in the field, the distance of LWL, 100, 200 and 500 m line from HTL from all the

reference points can be given as a table. The location details, including place names, latitude,

longitude etc can also be given in these tables.

7. HTL demarcation in the field and CRZ map generation

Since CRZ is applicable to inland water bodies, the influence of tidal action upstream of the

water bodies is determined by verifying the salinity of the water body during the driest month

of the year. If the salinity is 5 ppt or more, then the water body is considered to be influenced

by tidal action. This is assessed from field measurements and indicators like the limit of tidal

influence given in the CZMP (1996) and presence of mangroves.

Field studies are undertaken for fixing ground control points for georeferencing and referring

the position of the HTL. A hybrid approach of field studies supported through information

extracted from satellite imageries and existing maps are relied upon for CRZ mapping to


identify the HTL, LTL, eco-geomorphic systems and land use relevant for CRZ. The eco-

geomorphic systems include mangroves, intertidal zone, mudflats, salt pans, etc.

7.1 CRZ/ CZM map in 1:25000

The CRZ map in 1:25000 is prepared with Survey of India topsheets as base maps. These

toposheets being of the coastal area, are restricted and hence have to be procured through

proper channel following specified procedures and after giving statutory undertakings to

ensure authorized use and safe custody. Toposheets of the area of study are georefernced and

the High Water Line (HWL) in the toposheets have been extracted along with other coastal

features like waterbodies, inter tidal zones, mudflats, beaches, mangroves, slat pans, prawn

aqua farms, etc. The HWL is updated with current field measurements and satellite

imageries to get the present HTL. Field measurements were made in 1:4000 scale for better

accuracy and compatibility with large scale local level CZMP.

The variations of present HTL from that of CZMP (1996) is verified and documented. The

probable reasons for the variations are looked into and the details are given wherever

possible.

7.2 CRZ/ CZM map in 1:4000

The base map on which HTL and LTL are demarcated have to be familiar for officials of

local bodies and the public. These have to be of sufficiently large scale with sufficient

number of reference points identifiable on the ground for facilitating field applications.

7.3 Base maps

Cadastral maps available with Revenue/ Survey and Land Records Dept are in 1:4000 or

1:5000 scale. Survey plots and plot boundaries are locatable on the ground. ‘Plot boundary

junction points’ are taken as the reference points. The Centre for earth Science Studies has

successfully used cadastral maps for preparing Panchayat resource maps which are being

widely used by local bodies for local level planning (CESS 2000).

7.4 Field mapping and map generation

Initially cadastral maps of the required area are obtained from the concerned departments

(Revenue/ Survey and Land Records Dept). These are checked for its scale accuracy through

comparing the distance of 2 known points from the map and from the ground. Toposheets

and imageries of the area for which HTL is to be demarcated, are referred to know the

features and available morphological signatures. Information derived from toposheets and

satellite imageries of different coastal ecosystems in the given area is used as baseline


information for planning the field investigations. Cadastral maps are rectified with

coordinates of known ground control points (GCP) taken from the field. The datum used is

WGS 84 and the projection is UTM.

Ground features that can be clearly identified both on the ground and on the cadastral map

are used as ground control points (GCP). With precise planimetry of the identified GCPs, the

cadastral maps are geo-referenced with GPS/ DGPS measured geo coordinates. GCPs used

are survey plot boundary junctions or survey stones established at the time of field survey for

the preparation of cadastral maps. These are identified in the field. At least one control point

is identified within 1 km of alongshore length. The coordinates (Latitude; Longitude) of the

identified control points are taken using GPS/DGPS. The signature for the nearest HTL is

identified and distance to the HTL from the control point is measured with distometer

(usually laser distometer). The GPS/ DGPS is moved along the HTL identified through

signatures and the readings are recorded. Wherever possible these are linked to the control

points identified earlier and distance to HTL measured with distometer. The data thus

collected is transferred to cadastral maps and superimposed in GIS platform. Information

from satellite imageries are used to verify the data collected and also to supplement the data

wherever the area is not approachable. Cadastral maps and satellite images are rectified in the

same geographical coordinate system and projection.

The most difficult part is the transferring of information from imageries to unprojected

cadastral maps on which CRZ maps are prepared. This is overcome by using sufficient

number of precise reference/control points spread over the entire study area for

georeferencing and compartmentalizing the maps. One of the major contributors to errors is

those occurring while reproducing the cadastral map from original map through

photocopying and scanning. While photocopying the enlargement or reduction produce the

scale error; also the shrinkage/folding of paper during the process. Another is the scale error

during geo-referencing the map. It may be noted that cadastral maps have no projection while

the images are projected. When overlying cadastral map on image by applying a common

coordinate system, some distortions do occur at edges and in the shape of features such as

road network, plot boundary, etc. The errors in reproduction of cadastral maps can be

minimized by taking proper precautions. The errors in georeferencing could be controlled by

taking precautions through selection of proper field Gorund Control Points (GCPs) and

identifying the field GCPs in the cadastral as well as satellite images precisely. And by

making some finer adjustments, the ecosystem boundaries delineated from satellite images

could be matched with real cadastral boundaries on the ground.

The use of satellite imageries in combination with field mapping provides better results in

cadastral level mapping. At the same time, various location and spatial errors that could get

magnified in large scale maps like cadastral maps require to be contained through appropriate

approach.

7.5 Use of Remote sensing data for HTL

With the availability of precision GPS and high resolution satellite data like Quick Bird,

IKONOS, Resource Sat (P 6) and Cartosat, it is now possible to get a mapping accuracy of

less than one meter for the demarcation of HTL / LTL. It requires georeferencing using

accurate GPS data at precisely locatable Ground Control Points (GCPs) in satellite images to


have improved accuracy level in the identification and demarcation of HTL/LTL. Accurately

identifying the positions for HTL with respect to signatures may become difficult when

vegetation like coconuts cover the signatures. PAN merged IRS-1C/1D LISS III, IRS P6

LISS IV and Cartosat 1 (PAN) are mostly used. PAN has a resolution of 5.8 m, whereas

LISS III has 23 m resolution. The IRS P6 LISS IV has a resolution of 5.8 m. Cartosat-1

(PAN) has a spatial resolution of 2.5 m.

8 LTL delineation

The LTL also depends on lunar cycle. The seaward/waterside limit will depend on the width

of tidal flat and beach. An initial assessment of LTL could be made from Hydrographical

charts. While mapping HTL the signatures of LTL could be noted and the distance from HTL

to LTL may be assessed. This is further verified and corrected with the information from

Hydrographical charts and satellite imageries. Information on LTL is derived from satellite

imagery by identifying the seaward limit of beach/ tidal flat during fair season when the

beaches/ intertidal zone have maximum width. The imageries could be selected for a spring

tide low.

9 CZMP/ CRZ map of Mira Bhayandar in 1:25000 scale

The MBMC area is shown in two 1:2500 toposheets:

Sheet No. 47 A15 SW

Sheet No. 47 A15 SE

In addition to MBMC, part of Vasai Virar Municipal Corporation is seen in toposheet No. 47

A15 SW and part of Thane Municipal Corporation and Bhiwandi taluka in toposheet No. 47

A15 SE.

The CRZ field mapping was carried out during March-December 2013. As already discussed

High Water Line (HWL) has been extracted from geo-referenced SOI toposheets following

standard procedures. Field data was generated in 1:4000 scale from 18 villages that

comprises MBMC such as Chowk, Tarandi, Raimrdhe, Murdhe, Uttan, Morva, Dongri,

Bhayandar, Khari, Ghoddev, Ghodbundar, Versave, Chene, Kashi, Mira, Mahajanwadi,

Penkarpada and Pali

The HWL has been appropriately modified with the HTL obtained from field observations

and satellite imageries for preparing the CZMP as per CRZ 2011.

The CZMP (1996) is superimposed on to the above CZMP and the variations of present HTL

from that of CZMP is verified and the reasons for the variations are discussed.

9.1 Data Sources

In addition to field investigations including GPS/DGPS mapping, data sources such as

topographic sheets, hydrographic charts and satellite images have been used. Field mappings

were carried out during March to December 2013. An initial assessment of the morphology


and ecosystems is obtained from Google imageries which are mostly QuickBird images.

Google imageries (QuickBird) of 2010 and 2011, available in the public domain, were down

loaded as different scenes with resolution zoomed to the required level. These are then

merged in photoshop and georeferenced.

PAN merged IRS-1C/1D LISS III and IRS P6 LISS IV data were also used wherever

required (Fig. 2). PAN has a resolution of 5.8 m, whereas LISS III has 23 m resolution. The

IRS P6 LISS IV has a resolution of 5.8 m.

10. CRZ categories

The CRZ of Mira Bhayandar consists of CRZ I, CRZ II, CRZ III and CRZ IV. The CRZ IA

are those ecologically sensitive and the geomorphological features which play a role in

maintaining the integrity of the coast as listed under para ‘7(i)A’ such as mangroves, corals,

sand dunes, etc. The CRZ IB is area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line. The CRZ

II is those developed areas (with more than 50% built up area) in legally designated urban

areas. Mira Bhayandar being a Municipal area, the CRZ in Mira Bhayandar which have more

than 50% built up area, is CRZ II. The CRZ III is undeveloped areas in the CRZ of Mira

Bhayandar Municipal area. The CRZ IV is the nearshore waters, the inland water bodies and

the bed. The details are given in the attached CRZ map (Fig 1) and Table 1 & 2.

Acanthus iliforus, Avicenia officinalis, Exocarria agallocha are the dominant variety of

mangroves. Tidal influence in many low lying areas is regulated by bunds/ sluices to

facilitate agriculture. These sluices/ bunds are constructed and maintained by the Khar Land

Board. Many such sluices has become non-functional because of non maintenance due to

decreasing agricultural uses. Many such areas now remain unused or reclaimed for

construction related development activities. Mangrove vegetation has also spread in such

areas. As suggested by MCZMA, wherever mangrove vegetations are present, those are

shown as CRZ IA irrespective of whether these are landward of bunds or not. In some cases

the bunds have been strengthened or reconstructed blocking or regulating the flow of tidal

waters. These have been considered while demarcating the HTL. The scenario once the Khar

Land Board gets the other bunds/ sluices repaired and made functional has not been

considered.

Salt pans invariably occupy low lying tidal areas. But the continuous use of these low lying

areas as salt pans has changed the terrain characteristics. Functional and ecological features

no longer resemble intertidal zones. Some of the saltpans are completely separated from

streams and creeks through bunds and the salt water required is pumped from adjoining

streams/ creeks. Where bunds are breached and the saltpan remains unused, mangrove

vegetation has come up. Those saltpan areas which have been converted to other

development uses have been considered accordingly. At the same time the distinction

between salt pans into which salt water is pumped and those dependant on natural tidal flow

has not been considered since the details are not readily available. Otherwise saltpan is

shown as an intertidal zone though functional and ecological features no longer resemble that

of intertidal zones.

Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation being highly developed with a very high potential

for further development, the Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority took the


view that the CRZ in MBMC, other than CRZ I, CRZ IV and open spaces such as parks and

play grounds have built up area more than 50% and hence could be considered as CRZ II.

Accordingly the CRZ in MBMC, other than CRZ I, CRZ IV, are shown as CRZ II.

The MBMC has HTL for a length of 114.23 km. The total CRZ area is 65.41 km2

which

includes those areas outside the revenue boundaries in the intertidal zone. Mangrove area

(CRZ IA) is 18.82 km2 with a mangrove buffer zone of 20.89 km

2. The intertidal zone

(which includes seasonal beach on the seacoast and mudflats on the banks of vreek/ river) is

spread over 8.10 km2 while saltpan area is 9.28 km

2.

Fig.1. HTL and coastal ecosystems such as mangroves demarcated in cadastral scale for

Mira Bhayanadar


Table 1. CRZ details of Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Council

Table 2. CRZ details of Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Council (in each village)

(mangroves and inter tidal zones given only for those within survey plots)

11. Summary

Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation

(MBMC) is in Thane district in Maharashtra. It has Arabian Sea is on its west and

Vasai Creek/ Ulhas River on its north

The CZMP is prepared in 1:25000 scale

based on field information collected in 1:4000 cadastral maps.

HTL

Length (km)

Mangroves

(CRZ IA) within Sy

plot

(km2)

Mangroves

(CRZ IA) within Sy plot

and outside

(immediately adjoining)

(km2)

ITZ

(CRZ IB) within Sy

plot (km2)

ITZ

(CRZ IB) within Sy plot

and outside

(immediately adjoining)

(km2)

Saltpan

(km2)

Mangrove

buffer zone (CRZ I)

(km2)

CRZ II (km

2)

114.23 14.33

18.82

5.96

8.10

9.28 20.89

8.32

Village Name

Length of HTL (km)

Mangroves (CRZ IA)

(m²)

ITZ (CRZ IB)

(m²)

Saltpan (m²)

Mangrove Buffer zone

(CRZ I) (m²)

CRZ II along creek (m²)

CRZ II along sea

coast (m²)

Chowk 2.90 10372.74 88296.33 0 55776.18 53379.31 739018.72

Tarandi 3.99 414262.32 367905.68 130795.98 646104.99 183792.95 0

Raimrdhe 12.38 1603843 1649524.8 2828283.94 2596018.53 313284.28 0

Murdhe 4.16 433297.92 353320.9 1013959.71 904107.61 351465 0

Uttan 17.39 6994269.85 540600.76 181816.18 7923659.48 481998.27 1529899.6

Morva 1.98 291975.98 62745.97 682207.49 615989.33 237411.66 0

Dongri 4.57 118694.81 126405.23 516613.28 274392.41 212317.68 0

Bhayandar 33.52 1621421.15 1652939.47 3833514.99 3257400.94 1528332.86 0

Khari 2.13 43814.83 29218.3 0 146697.4 224879.89 0

Ghoddev 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ghodbundar 8.20 125752.12 638456.39 53655.76 420918.85 425497 0

Versave 6.72 240736.78 60009.78 0 441688.93 378574.98 0

Chene 6.32 565654.113 92939.355 0 797920.33 565690.05 0

Kashi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mira 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mahajanwadi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Penkarpada 8.45 1874768.19 282514.15 40684.04 2808098.6 624905.93 0

Pali 1.52 0.517627 11396.1 0 4314.3 0 473924.28 Total 114.23 14.33 km

2 5.96 km

2 9.28 km

2 20893087.88 5.58 km

2 2.74 km

2


MBMC is contained in toposheets No. 47

A15 SW and 47 A15 SE. Parts of Thane Municipal Corporation and Bhiwandi taluka

are also seen in these toposheets.

1:25000 CZMP is prepared based on data

collected on 1:4000 cadastral maps

Acanthus iliforus, Avicenia officinalis,

Exocarria agallocha are the dominant variety of mangroves

Bunds and sluices which have been

strengthened or reconstructed blocking or regulating the flow of tidal waters have

been considered while demarcating the HTL. The scenario once the Khar Land Board

gets the other bunds/ sluices repaired and made functional has not been considered.

Saltpan is shown as an intertidal zone though functional and ecological features no

longer resemble that of intertidal zones

Those saltpan areas which have been converted to other development uses have been

considered accordingly.

Distinction between salt pans into which salt water is pumped and those dependant on

natural tidal flow has not been considered since the details are not readily available.

MBMC being highly developed with a very high potential for further development,

the CRZ in MBMC, other than CRZ I, CRZ IV and open spaces such as parks and

play grounds is considered to have built up area more than 50% and hence

categorized as CRZ II as suggested by the Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management

Authority.

The MBMC has HTL for a length of 114.23 km.

The CRZ of MBMC consists of CRZ I, CRZ II and CRZ IV. Parks, play grounds and

similar open spaces are to be categorized as CRZ III. These are not shown in the

present CZMP.

The total CRZ area is 65.41 km2

which includes those areas outside the revenue

boundaries in the intertidal zone.

Mangrove area (CRZ IA) is 18.82 km2 with a mangrove buffer zone of 20.89 km

2.

Intertidal zone (which includes seasonal beach on the seacoast and mudflats on the

banks of vreek/ river) is is CRZ IB and is spread over 8.10 km2. No distinction is

made between biologically active and not biologically active mudflats.

Saltpan area is 9.28 km2.

(Dr K V Thomas, Centre for Earth Science Studies (CESS))

VA

SA

I

CR

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CHANDRAPADA

KOPRIPADA

SARJAMORI

JUCHANDRA

BHAYANDAR

SASUNAVGHAR

NAGALE

NAVGHAR

MIRA

KASHI

MAHJANWADI

VERSAVE

CHENA

GAIMUKHOCTROLINAKA

MOGHARPADA

VADAVALI KAVESAR

KOLSHET

PAYE

PAYGAON

KHARDI

KHARBHAV

FIRANGEPADA

GANE89

390

210

206

313

3

240

12372

208

3

241

10

6

45

15

1

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320

7,8

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79

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41,43

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87

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89

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266

1

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27

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86

79

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100

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5

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75

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8873

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35

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17, 15

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79

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334

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143,144,150

17

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352

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72

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303

95

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342

86

206

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207

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76

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333

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69

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105

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1161

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306

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56

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51/4

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106

305

87

25

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53,50

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93

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133

Pond

73

112

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107

122,363171

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160

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52

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20

370

116

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115

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160,161

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163

231

187

172

190

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51/2

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4

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51/10

92

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12

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205

110

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41/8

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205C

390

32

336

106

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166

135

80

51/5

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82,8356

51/7

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141

149

131138

134

SAVANTPADA

147

16

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167

104

165

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89

101

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32

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103

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65

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160

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113a2113a1b

187

72°57'30"E

72°57'30"E

72°55'0"E

72°55'0"E

19°20'0"N

19°2

0'0"N

19°17'30"N

19°1

7'30"N

±

47A/15SE

C Z M P M a p I n 1 : 2 5 0 0 0

D R A F T M A P

0 500 1,000250Meters

1:25,000

Coastal Zone Management PlanThane District, Maharashtra

Mapped During Scale

Checked by Approved by

R e f e r C R Z r e p o r t f o r d e t a i l s

Centre for Eatrh Science Studies Akkulam, Thuruvikkal P.O Thiruvanathapuram - 11

October 2012 - December 2013

V A S A I - V I R A R M U N I C I P A L C O R P O R A T I O N

INDEX MAP

M I R A - B H AY A N D A R M U N I C I P A L C O R P O R A T I O N

T H A N E M U N I C I P A L C O R P O R A T I O N

B H I W A N D I T A L U K

Legend

RoadRailway lineSeawallMunicipal BoundaryTaluk BoundaryVillage BoundaryHigh Tide LineLow Tide LineCRZ Line for River or Backwater100m CRZ Line200m CRZ Line500m CRZ LineMangroves - CRZ IAMangrove Buffer Zone - CRZ IInter Tidal Zone - CRZ IBSaltpan - CRZ IB (inter tidal zone)CRZ IICRZ IIIWaterbody (sea) - CRZ IV AWaterbody (creek) - CRZ IV BWaterbody (non-tidal)Survey Plots

ShahapurVada

Palghar

Dahanu

Murbad

Jawhar

VasaiBhiwandi

Thane

Mokhada

Kalyan

Talasari

Ulhasnagar

Mokhada

Vasai

47 E3 SE

47 A9 SE

47 E4 NE

47 A9 NE

47 E3 SW

47 E4 NW

47 A13SW

47 A15 SE

47 A14 SE47 A10 SE

47 A11 NE

46 D12 SE

47 A16 NE

47 A14 NE47 A10 NE

47 A15 NE

46 D12 NE

47 A15 SW

47 A14 SW

47 A15 NW

47 A13 NW

47 A14 NW

INDIA

Maharashtra

Karnataka

Andra Pradesh

Gujarat

Arabian Sea

Goa

Thane DistrictThane

Maharastra

Arabian Sea

±

CZMP MAP IN 1:25000

Thane

47 A15 SE

47 A15 SW 47 A15 SE

47 A16 NE

47 A15 NE

DISTRICT MUNICIPAL CORPORATION/COUNCIL/RURAL AREAS

THANE Mira-Bhayandar, Thane, Vasai - Virar, Bhiwandi

Kalyan

Ulhasnagar

Bhiwandi

Mira-Bhayandar

Vasai

Palghar

Dahanu

Jawhar

Vada

Shahapur

Talasari

Mokhada

ThaneMira

Bhayandar

Kalyan

Bhiwandi

Vasai

PUNE

NASHIK

RAYGADMUMBAI CITY

MUMBAI SUB URBAN

AHAMAD NAGAR

Thane

47 E3 SWVasai

MiraBhayandar

Vasai

Bhiwandi

C H O W K

PA L I

TA R A N D I

D O N G R I

U T T A N

U T T A N

U T T A N

M O R V A

R A I M U R D H E

M U R D H E

B H A YA N D A R

B H A YA N D A R

D A H I S A R

G H O D D E V

K H A R I

M I R A

A R A B I A N S E A

V A SA

I

CR E E

K

V A S A I V I R A R M U N I C I P A L C O R P O R A T I O N

P E N K A R P A D A

MAHAJANWADI

MALONDA

VASAI FORT CRZ 1A

DHUVOLISANDOR

KAULAR BHUDRAK

KAULAR KHURB

SANDOR

UMLE

UMLEMAN

MANIK AGARCHIMNEY AGAR

JUCHANDRA

JUCHANDRA

PANCHU

UMOLE

46

69

123

243

124

390

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206

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73

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14

72°50'0"E

72°50'0"E

72°47'30"E

72°47'30"E

19°20'0"N

19°2

0'0"N

19°17'30"N

19°1

7'30"N

±

47A/15SW

C Z M P M a p I n 1 : 2 5 0 0 0

D R A F T M A P

0 500 1,000250Meters

1:25,000

Coastal Zone Management PlanThane District, Maharashtra

Mapped During Scale

Checked by Approved by

R e f e r C R Z r e p o r t f o r d e t a i l s

Centre for Eatrh Science Studies Akkulam, Thuruvikkal P.O Thiruvanathapuram - 11

October 2012 - December 2013

INDEX MAP

Legend

RoadRailway lineSeawallMunicipal BoundaryTaluk BoundaryVillage BoundaryHigh Tide LineLow Tide LineCRZ Line for River or Backwater100m CRZ Line200m CRZ Line500m CRZ LineMangroves - CRZ IAMangrove Buffer Zone - CRZ IInter Tidal Zone - CRZ IBSaltpan - CRZ IB (inter tidal zone)CRZ IICRZ IIIWaterbody (sea) - CRZ IV AWaterbody (creek) - CRZ IV BWaterbody (non-tidal)Survey Plots

ShahapurVada

Palghar

Dahanu

Murbad

Jawhar

VasaiBhiwandi

Thane

Mokhada

Kalyan

Talasari

Ulhasnagar

Mokhada

Vasai

47 E3 SE

47 A9 SE

47 E4 NE

47 A9 NE

47 E3 SW

47 E4 NW

47 A13SW

47 A15 SE

47 A14 SE47 A10 SE

47 A11 NE

46 D12 SE

47 A16 NE

47 A14 NE47 A10 NE

47 A15 NE

46 D12 NE

47 A15 SW

47 A14 SW

47 A15 NW

47 A13 NW

47 A14 NW

INDIA

Maharashtra

Karnataka

Andra Pradesh

Gujarat

Arabian Sea

Goa

Thane DistrictThane

Maharastra

Arabian Sea

±

CZMP MAP IN 1:25000

Thane

47 A15 SW

47 A15 SW 47 A15 SE

47 A15 NW 47 A15 NE

DISTRICT MUNICIPAL CORPORATION/COUNCIL/RURAL AREAS

THANE Mira -Bhayandar, Vasai - Virar

Kalyan

Ulhasnagar

Bhiwandi

Mira-Bhayandar

Vasai

Palghar

Dahanu

Jawhar

Vada

Shahapur

Talasari

Mokhada

ThaneMira

Bhayandar

Bhiwandi

Vasai

PUNE

NASHIK

RAYGADMUMBAI CITY

MUMBAI SUB URBAN

AHAMAD NAGAR

Vasai

Vasai Vasai

CZMP of Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation in 1:25000 ...

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Transcript of CZMP of Mira Bhayandar Municipal Corporation in 1:25000 ...