COR ESEA R~tCyt-l - CSIROpedia

COR ESEA R~tCyt-l""~;)'';;''I~:,,,•..

FOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.LR.O. STAFF- NUMBER 46, MELBOURNE, JANUAnV 1963

Dr, J. L. PAWSEY

Wood TechnologistDJ'. N. C. Frnnz, Associate'-I'ol'essol' of 'Vood Technologynl fhe School 01' Nnfuf1Il ResOllrcC.'\l Universiiy of Michigan, will ~pend ",'om Febnhu'"to AlIguSl wilh the nivholinn n'"Foresf 1-l'oducls,lie will work with Dr. W. M.McKenzie's group nil basicaspects of wood machining, afield ill whi<:h he has been apioneer.

l--1.e has. also been concernedwith novel approaches to woodprocessing.

rn DL:cernbcr, 1961. l)r.Pawscy Was invited to acceptthe position of Director of theU.S. Nalional Radio Aslr()n~

omy Observatory at GreenBank,West Virginia, Hnd hehad planIled to take up thisnew appointmellt Lowarcls theend of 1962.

fhe tragic illness which wasIlnally respons'ible for his deathd~veloped in March. 1962.while he was in the U.S.A. ouCL preliminary visit tu C;;recnBanK.

DJ'. Pawsey. a Fellow or theRoyal Sllciety and a Foundalit)!l Felhnv or the AustralianAcademy of Science, was a re~

dpielll of many lwnours, thelast lJf which the H ughc"iMedal of the Royal Sudetywas cunlcrrcd 011 him only afew weeks prior 10 his death.

Always delightfully nllldestand una~~Lirning. he wasgenerous in {he advice andguidance he gave, especially to(he younger members of histeam; and mallV whose scicn~

tine reputations· arc nuw wellestablished OWL: much to hi'iokindly critich.m. wise counseland contimling encouragemenL

A man l)f great intellectualhonesty, :-.ciemilh:: insighl andsound judgement, he was aninspiring leader in the licl<.l ofresearch to which he haddedicaled himself.

His untimely death is agrievous Ins'i tu science and tllAustralia, and a very rersonnlonc to his many friends andcolleages. --A.J.IL

lrom tbe vil'ini\y of ·;unspobthat marked I'h0 heginning of

modern radhl astronumyI-le hecame foundel and

leadcr of a group will1in theDivision of Radiophysicswhich, under his guidance andinspiration, has been aclivcover alrno,,;l the entire field orradiu as(rn!lomy and has WOll

1'01 Australia a w()rlcl-wi<.h.~

reputatitln.

Office

Mr, A. PATTERSON

Dr. J. l. PAWSEY DIES

be changed respectively to Re~

gional Adminislrative Officer(Canberra) and Regional Adminislrative Ollicer (Sydney).

OHice and wilh \II~ ChemicalT<.esear('h Laboraloricl'i.

He will be called the Re~

gional Administrative OlliCCl(Mdbourm:). Simultaneously.the tilles of Messrs. K. J.Prowse alltl F. J. Whitty will

Dr. Josel>h Lntle Pawsey, Assistnut Chief Ilf the DivisionIlf RatlioJlhysics and one of Australia's most hOllolll'edscientists, died on 30th November last, nfter a prolongedillness, at the cOJlJpal'lltively early nge of 54.

1)1'0 Pnwsey had a distinguishedacademic l'ccol'd al the l ini~

vCl'sHies of Melboul'ne andCnmbridgc.I-le obtained his M.Se. wilhllrst-c1as1io H 011011 rs in ,Physicsin 1931 and was awarded an1851 Exhibition, which enabledhim to proceed 10 Cambridgewhere he carried out researchinto the iOllosphere at th~

Cavcndish Laboratory, underLord Rutherford .

He took his Ph.D. degree inIlJ3S anJ then joined Electricaland Musical .Industries Ltd .•London, as a re~earch physicist.

I-le was invo!ved in research011 aerial problems connectedwith pre-war Iclevision servicesin (jrcat Britain Ulllil he re(tImed io Australia in 1940. 1-0join the newly-created C.S.I.R.D i v i si 0 n of Radiophysics,which hau been set up to carryout research and developmentin the then new and secret Heldl)!' radar.

Throughout the war heplayed a prominenl pari ill theradar rc~earch carried out bythe 'Division, and was I'espon~

s.ible for developing new 1Cch~

niqllcs in the ultra high frequency and micro'vvave regionsand for the plannIng of manyof the important projectsundertaken.

_As lhe prcssur~ of wartimework cased Dr. Paw:;cy turnedhis attention to the sl-wJy of thehigh inlensity radio waveswhich radar observers had ['C~

porled as apparently comingfrom the direction of the sunand, in I945A6, wa.'iinvolvedin some of' the exciting dis~

cove-ries that the sun's CorOIlH

is enormollsly hotter(1.000,000") than had previously been supposed, andlhal cx.:lremely powerful radiowavcs arc sometimes emitted

RegionalM:elhourne

The sala dex of Re!:icarchOl1iccrs, Research L i a i S II nOfficers, Translators, and Scien~

tilk Librarians are still 10 beconsiuered. ·fhe Executive isalsl) proceeding with Ihest:: asquickly as possible.

The administmtive stair at 314 Albert Street, East Melbourne, is being split into two gl'oul>s. One will be a HeadOffice b'1'OUP, comprisiug the Execntive, the Secretnl'iat,Hlld a relatively small Humber of officers who deal withpolicy matters.The sccond gI'OU)) will l:on~

slitule lhc Melbourne n.cgiollulOflice, Its fllnction.~ wiH besimilar 10 lholw of lhe H.cgionalOfliccs at (~anbcl'nl and atSydney.It will provide: a variety of scrvk'cs to Division and S~clions

in Victoria, South Auslralia,'A'eslern Australia, Tasmaniaand the Northern Territory. Hwill include Cl number of sections, illcluding Records, Expenditure, Orders and Trnl1s~

port. Stock Records. andSalaries.

The Melbollrne UcgionalOlllce will be III the rharge of]VII'. Ahm PaHcrson, who wasforlllerly in charge of the ExIlCuditul'c S.cdioll ut I-IendOlliee.

Ahm Pnlterson, who is aged44, joined C.S.l.R,O. in 1934,as a boy of 16. He qu"lifledfor ndmission to the Australi£lnSociety of Accountants in 1939,and is now a Fcllow of theSociety.

I--Ie has spent 18 years invarious sections at Head omcc,'and has also had 5crvice withlhe Sydney Adminislrative

WHh regard to the desiglli\~

11011 o{ Scientific ServicesOml.'l~r the Executive regretsIhal [lis impracticabh: to doother than mainwin existingsalury rale:;, for the time being.

However, the E xec\ll lvcwish~s lo aS~llre the staff thutevery el10rt is. being made toobtain new salary !'Hies for t'his('lassification a:,; s n n n aspO:'i:ioibJe

Information regarding thedale 01 eJfect, method 01adjli~lment am'! other relevanlmalter~ alTecling the new Experimental Onicer scales will befnrmally issued as SOOI) as itbecomes available.

Placement within the c1i.lssc~

will be made in accon..1anccwith the definitions adopled bythe Arbitration Commission inDetermination 29 of 1962, andadjustment of salaries will bemade on a similar basis to thatobtaining generally in theCommonwealth Service. Fulldetails of the designations willbe pmmulgated at all earlydale.

fhe Executive will CDllsUIlWilh Chiefs and Offkcrs~in~

Charg~ and come to a decisionas (u those oflkcrs and em~

p!oye(:s who will transfer tllIhcse n~w classihcations (E.O.,Engineer and s.s.n.) as soon aspossi ble.

The rates. uf salary prcscribet.lfor lhe designalto!l of Engirwerare lhe Ilew rates for Engineerprescribed by the Common~

wealt.h Conciliation and Arbi~

Iration COlllmission.

E.G. Ronges•In

which trapped persons aresubjected to inten~e radiationha\ never becn measured, butllbservations on large moving!lame [runts show that viohmtIlaming, and thus 'intense radia"lilJll, persists for only nne tl)two minutes.

When violent fhllTI~S form avi rtual hemisphere llver a dearing for example, over allre~

br~ak one chain wide in a pineplantation the mdiation jn~

ten~ity experienced by personstrapped in it would be greatenough lO cause excruciatingpain in exposed skin withintwo seconds and lead the viclims to panic and run, as St}

t)l'ten happens.The use of a survival tent,

however, call make such asituation bearable for a trappedperson who, if unprotected,would have been screamingwith pnin some minutes beforec.; t) n d i t ion s again becametolerable.

Tests carried out hy Dr.King have shown that a manunder the survival t'ent stiffen;.comparalivcly minor discomfort, even when only feelaway from -flames between tenand lbirlY feet high.

(h) Sd(~ntHil' SCl'vlres Ofliccl'Class I: £968-£1,023-£1,078

£ 1.133-£1,188-£ I,243-£1,298£1,353-£1.408-£1 ,46"3-£1 ,518;

Class 2: £1,518-£1.573-£1,628·£1,683-£ 1,739-£J ,793-£1,848;

CI.ss 3: £1,968-£2,033-£2,098£2,163-£2,228.

CI"ss 4: £2,358-£2,423-£2,488£2,553-£2,618 ;

('hISS 5: £2,7~8-£2,878-£3,008

£3,138.

deliue lhe functions 01' UIl Experimental Officer wiHl someprecision, nnd the EXfJcrhncntnlOIHccl' dassi1icutioll~, as HOWdcscl"ibed, arc I'cscrvt.!'d to tholieengaged on C)q)(~i'imcntal WOA'I{.

01licers and em plo y e e shilh~rto c1as'iWed a~ ExpeJ'i~

lllelllHl O(-1icer, but nol engagedon experimental work will beclas.-;illed in newly Jnlroducedde'iignations of either:(a) Engincer-

CI"ss 1: £1,298-£1,438-£1,578£1,918-£2,098 (N);

Class 2: £2.248-£2,348-£2,448'£2,548;

CI"ss 3: £2,(,98-£2,818-£2,938£3,058;

Cl"" 4: £3,208-£3,328-£3,448;

Solory Rises

This fent has UIl aluminium foilsurfacc '0 relic{'( radi.llted hC~H

- HlC main hazurd to life in ahushlil'c, It is seH~~sul)})Ol·tin,~

Hntl covcrs It lIIan while he islying on the ground.Meas.urements of all' temperalure and heat radiation intensity neill' large, violent flamefront's have indicaLed that healis transferred to the cool sur~

rounding:- by heal radiationand nul by the convectin!1 01hnl air.

In fact, the air temperaturewithin ten fect of the groundand within Cl few feet of na.meswhich are ten to thirty-livefeet high will be kss than3{)U F. higher than elsewhere.

In ihis position the healabsorbed by a I1relightcr ISonly about ()'()2 calories persquare centimetre per secondclHnpared with the 0.5 lo O.Hcalories pcr 1\quarc centimetreper second received as heatradiation.

Although il is unpleasant tohrcathe, air at 200oP. can bebreathed Hnd borne by the bodyfor half an hour, and at 500a r;.I'DI' three minutes.

The length of time during

SURVIVAL TENT

The dcsignut'iolls or Experimental Ofliccr Grades 1-3 uuclS.E.O. huvc heen superseded bythe dcsignnHolls I~:xIJCl'imcntal

Ollice\' CI"sses 1-4. CI.ss 4 willt'cmtillllc to be Ore maximum 01'fhe normal career range forExpcl'imclIlu) OUirel'.

It was expected when "C:o~

fcscan..'h" went to press (1)atlhese new rates wuu'IU be im~

ph~mentcd by way of a Con\entDetermination bsued by thl:Public Service Arbitrator. 'rheappropriate steps were beingtaken to bring about thisDetermination as quickly aspossible.

The dHte or l::nect will bethe coml11enC~l1len( of the payrc_dtHl .ill_lmc_diateIY fullo\\,ingthe date lhe Arbitrator issueshis Determination.

l:!owevcr, the various StallAssociations conccrneJ maymake a p p lie a t ion to thl.::ArbHrator for a further hearing011 the queslion of relrospectivity.

During the cOllrse of thencgoliatioHs lending to (he newsahwies, if wus nccessm'y fo

Functions 01' the KO.

E.O. Class I - - £ 112<43 Diplomate (lIoll-engineering).£1.19U Third-year ~rudualc or diplolllatc

(clIgilleerinl~).

£1,43H FOUl'lh Of fifth "'"CUI' gnuhmlc.£1,573-£1.7311-£1,918-£2,093.

KO. Cl"" 2~ £2,198-£2,298-£2,396-£2,~9n.

E.O. CllIs, 3 - £2,618-£2,738-£2,858-£2,978.E.O. Chlss ~ - £3,0911-£3,218-£3,338.

Firefighters h'nl>ped by hushfires could owe their' lives toa new survival teut which has been t1evelol>ed by Or, A. R.King of the Bushfire Resenl'ch Section.

The salaries of Experimental Omcers have beenthe subject of protracted negotiation and arbitration proceedings during most of 1962. Thesenegotiatiolls were virtually concluded on 13thDecember.The following mtes "f pay were arrived at for I<:xperimental Officers engngetl "n experimental work.

046##1963

OVERSEAS VISITS

rhe grant will be uscu tofinance lwo Si lIdics, The firsln)ncerns the physiological andRenel ic base~ of heLerosis. Thesecond concerns the studY ofcompetition among relatedgenotypes with special emphasis on IlLHneoslalic properliesof popllJatiolls composed ofsingle or mixed genotypes,

The experimental organismand methods. to be llsed inthese studies are of specialinterest. A plant call e dAraNdo{w'.\· fhuJiwllI will beused as the biological lcs(material.

It is one of the mosl rapidlydeveloping flowering plantsknown, Some -:train<;; willflower in only ten days aftergcrnllnalion,

r his rap i cl developmentenables. lhe planls to be grownthroughout (heir life cvcle on~tefilc. chemicall y defined,medium in ordinary test tubes.Arobidol'S;,I' is an idealorgflnism [or model cxperimcnl<; concerning cumplexgenetic phcnon\cna,

M r. L. J. Lynell. OlJieer-illCharge of the Canned FoodsSection of the Division of FoodPreservation, was honoured re·cenUy by the Hawkcsbury Agricultural College Food Technology Association at a dinner~t the N.S,W. Leagues Club.

The occasion marked the10th anniversary of the gmdualion of the first diplomales inFood Technology from theC'ollcge.

Mr. H. R. Rich~ll'dsoll,

former Principal, and Mr, B,1)0l11all , present Principal ofthe College, spoke of Mr.Lynch's continued keen inLerestin the cOllr~e as cxlernalexaminer, and of his importantrole in encouraging the establishment of the Food Technology course, in drawing up[he ~yIlHblls, and in planningthe faeiliUcs.

Mr. Grahal11 Thornpson, amember or the first graduatingclass, paid tribule to Mr.Lynch's unfailing helpfl1lnessto all Hawkesbltl'Y Pood Technology diplomales throughouttheir careers. and presentedhim with all electric razor anda handsome desk set in tooledleafher

Mr. n. G. Vine" of theDivision of Physical Chemistry,has been awarded the degree ofDoctor of Science by the UnivcrsHy of Melbourne, in recognitinn of his work on thermalnroncrLics of gase.s at highlemperatures and pressures.

The University of Melbournehas conferred the degree. ofDoctor of Philosophy on Mr.G. W. Hill, of the Divisioll ofMathematical Statistics, andM... T. A. "ressle}, of IheDivision of Prolehl Chemistry.

Mr. Hill's thesis was entitled"Advanced programming ofdigital computers", and Mr.Prcs-sley's was entitled "Textilesand hospilal hygiene"

Three MoreDoctorates

Mr. L. J. LynchHonoured

The Uniled Stales Department01' He-nUb, Education and Wcl~

fore has given a grant o($1(,,600 to 01'. Ih'lIce Grillingund Ut-, John LanMrldge or the{~elH~tic5.' Scdion, Division orYlllnnt indwdry.

Grant of$16,600

4.4%

lt is c")(imalcd tha( a geL taxOil all pigs slD_ughtered in theCommonwealth would yieldabout £70,000 <:l year.

Main point"i of the proposedplan are:

o A tax of 9d. a head on allpigs. slaughtered.

'3) The greatest proportion ofthemoJlcy to be used forresearch, with the proportions alloculeu la researchand promotion to be decidedby representatives of the pigindustry and the Departl't1cnto( Primary Industry,

e The fund 1:0 be adminlsler~dby representatives of the pigindw;trv under the chairmanship ()f a 'Department ofPrimary Industry nominee,preferably a ve(cl'inarian,and composition of the controlling body to be decidedby representatives of {he pigindustry and the dcpar{ment.

@ Monev to be "!located 10 [heStates' for work on a Slatelevel slllI lo the C,S.lR.O..universities f1 n cl 0 the rappropdaLe bodicC\ on aCommQnwealth level.

@ Machinerv clauses. for ,subsequent promotion of the pigindus\ry to he drawn up at alatcr stage,

The meeting also decided toask C,S.I.I<.O. to investigateIhe po,;sibility of shortening thetime of bacon curing withoutulldc:\jrab\C drcc(~ on ke~piHv.

qualities with the object ofreducing cosls of producfiDn.

AnotherIndusilry Fund?A Commonwealfh-wide~Inughj,el' tux 01' 9d. a head 011

IJjg_~ (0 finance research amiIJromoHon in the pig industrywill be soughf by flu.' Au~

'rulianPig Sodet,v.

An outline of the plan Wi:1s.prep~\r.cd by the Federal COUfl

cil of the soddy at ih annualmeeting in I)evonporl, Tas·mania. recentlv and will be'\ubll1illed 1"0 the Minislcr forPrimary lnuustry (MI' Adcr~

mann) soon.

Dl'o (;. n. SIWfllllllJ, of theDivhion of Wildlife Research.leaves this week 011 a visit toEurope and America. Laterthis month he is going toHouston, Texas. where he basbeen invited to read a paper toa symposium on delayed implantation at Rico University,On his way home he willinspecl marsupial popl.I!ation~

in Hawaii and New Zealand.

Dy courtesy or Head Officc, lhc Association hns bcellgiven a Ibt o[ tcchniml slalI Cnll})oycd ut ()clo!Jcr, 1962.There are 1426 persons listed (lnd they range fromAssistant Grade T to Senior Technical Officer Grade lV,The proportion of each class is given below:," t'",i,tan( I H.lo/< 1

Assistant 11 2,_~% \*Tcdmical Assistant 1 .14,7·Qr,-, 1

Technical Assistant If ,. 18.S(/rl ~ 64,V;'!,-;t"cchnicaJ A<;~I':'itatl( III ll.lrfr-o t

lechnical Omee.. I 1I1.O';{l'echnicaJ Omcer II ~.41*jSenior Technical OBkerl 1.SfYr-,Senior Technical OlTIccr It ., I.H%~Jibrary AS'iistanls (ail grades) ',2(k*Spccial Measuring Hnd Drafting

A,ssistHnts--I' These dasses include Juniors,

rhese f'rgl.1res show some interesting trends, and theAssociation now inlel1lls to analyse hmgth of service, ago,Divi<;ion and other factors in relaliOll to classification,

t,~~~

MI'. F. de Silvu. a TechnicalAssislan! with the Division 01\1ctenfo!ogical Physics. leftMelhourne lasl month forMacquarie Island. He i~ al11ember of the 196J AntarcticResearch F,xpcditjon and will'lpcnd approximately a year atMacquarie Islalld. The rnainpurpose of his visit is locarrynut an intensive programme orozone observations

1)1'. .I. 1\. Hobel'!s, or theDiviSIOn o[ Radiophysics, is atpresent vi"iiting, the UnitedStales and Europe. He has a.l~

tended a N.A,S.A, ~Ylllposiull1

on "Non· Thermal R a cl i 0

Sources" in New York, and will~ltlend 'r1 Lonf~rcncc al theRoyal Greenwich Observaloryill England lhis lIlonth

0,·. R. F. ltick, of theVeterinary Par a sit 0 log yl_ahoratory, YeerollgpHly, hmiju.'lt returneu from a short visitto Cairo. ne attended a meet~

ing of the F.A.O. 'Experl Panelon Tick-Borne f1i!'lcases, of\vhich he is a memher.

Mr. H"Lloyd Onvics, of (he()ivi<;.ion of rlelll! "Industry, Icl'treccnllv on a "tx~months visillt1 Europe and North America.I-le will visit centres of agricullural research in B"ritain,France, Sweden, Can a d a,USA. and New Zealand.

J.:h. H. C. ChiHklwrough, orthe Division nf Fisheries andOceanog.raphy. has just relurnerl from SeattJe ill theUnited State, He attended tl'esrconrl 111ccl1ng of l\l~ SciCI\(Hie \Vorkshop of the Internatiunal Whaling Comrni<;.sioJl.

Association Statistics

Dr. w. no{(omlcy, of thcDivhioJl of Plant Industry, ldtrecently to spend eighteenmonths in the 'United States.T-Ie will spend a year in theChcmi,try Department. Uni\'crsily of California, and sixmonths ill the Department ofBotany at Yale. lie wiJl hework.ing with Professors Gicss1n<111 and (ldhton, hoth ofwhom have recently worked HI

All~tralia.

0... D. F. M...lyll, OrIicerin-Charge of the Upper Atmosphere Section, maclc a shortvisit to Europe ano Americalast month. lie represenlccJUNESCO at a meeling of the\,,",odd Meteorological Organization 'Narking Group inGeneva__ and spent a few day'"with the U.S. National Aeronau(ics and Space Administration in \Vashington.

0... G. R. MOllle, or theDivision of Animal Physiology,i" al" prc"cnt Cl\gaged on aColombo Plan assignmen( inIndia, Hc is advising theIndian Govc,rnment on the de~velopment of their sheep andwool industry

046-1963

Top left: The Isol familv at tlteForest Products children's party.Middle leti-: A Mexican scenefrom the Textile Physics Revue.BOi't0I11 IElff:'· Fiolia O'J.)o~lnefl

on the tl'3,"poline ai' ProteinChemistry.Dottom centre: Preparil\9 forthe Building Research children'sparty.

Bottom right: David and R\IHIAddo-Ashong at" the FO\'Csl' P;o'ducts party.Centre right: Father Christmaswas popular at the risherieschildren's party.Top right: Fiona <lOo PeterCorke at the Head Office children's party.

i~~~~l!!n~~~~\~~~l'i1{~Itif~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~g~1~~~~~~~~IJ~n~!~~~~~~~~~~~~Ifif~~

',C~~~~';I"B;i~g~~G~~'~iCI;;;~~"1Christmas has been celebrated in C.S.I.R.O. laboratOl'ies with many ~

pa~ties. The acce~t has been Oil,chi~dr~n's parties which, in many lahora- Itories, arc becommg an annllal II1stltutlOn. ~

All over Aus(rulia melllbel'~ of werl.' David and Ruth Al1do· In Adelaide the Wailc Club. ~~

(he slaU' have been turning 011 Ashong, children of Mr. F', VV. a joint SOCiHl club comprising lM.]<nthcl' Christmuses, lemolUutc, Addo~Ashol\g oJ Ghana, who the stalls of the "Vnilc Inslitutc, ~ice cream, sweets, loys, films is at the Division I'm a period thl: Division of SuUs and the ~

~md pony rides fm' the rising of (wo years. ''''ine Resclu'ch InSliiulc, helJ ~M.generation. Dr. Hnd Mrs, Koichill) lsoi :.I children's- party on 14[h ifl:One of the first of the child," brought their son, Toshiyuk.i. Del'~ll1ber ~ren\ par(ics was held 011 Bth Dr. IsoI b also :Hlhe Division On Ihe following day the ;:.~December at the Division 01 for [WO years. Divisiou of J.~lallt Indu.sh')J 01"- ~Fishel'ies and Oceuuogral}hy. At (ieelong, the stall of the ganiz~d a children's Christmas ~The Division's Social and Wcl- Oivision or Textile Jlidu8try party at "Ginninderra" Field t.9ifare Club held a party at the IUl'I1cd on 11 party for sixty-five Station. Y2:Calaboratory which was attended of their own children and Most of the 'ldulls' parlies ~by slalr rnelnbers' children. .,:,cventy-hve children from the werc he,ld nelHcl' to Chri:::.lrna~ ;~i.

Thc 120 children who at- SL Catherine"s. 51. Allgustine\ Day, Th~ exception was th<: ~~

(ended were elltertained with aI11;a~:;~;'ilO(~~~t~n~tl~h~~,~gt:Jill1 Christmas gel-together of th~ ~gamtls organized by Peter Hop~ HivilSion of Coal RC!'J'curch. TUIwood while awaiting the arrival Atkins from [he Division\. which was h'~ld on 2~hh !rA'of Santa (,Inus. Each child workshop Nallllally, .Jim was Novcmbet ~received a pl'est:nt from SanH.l (tlwr?~l~veed ~~~~hilll~I~)gOI bef~;SI\ ~~~ 1)1'11,'hn:l_fUhl~_.c'ltdilJ~;tW'("J'I,~,a':eCalJ)H1IOr~t. Y:?f.Cia us, ice cream, drinks. cakes- .... ,;; ..; <-< "... " ~~and sweets, and all secmed lO taken direLt from f:l Lincoln new Crystal Ballroom at ChHtS- ~have a very cnjoyabh::: afler- fleece. wood. and the sucvess of the J.!!Jtnoon. Eighly men'lbers of the stan evening was ~nsured by lhe en- U'~1I

On the sa.me day. the turned up to help Jjm with the [hu~iastic organization 01 Mr. ~Division of I:i'm'cst P'roduds children and to show a special John Stcphen· 'ls~i-tcd by T.w.theld a children's Christmas programm.-: of children's lllms. Misses' Pam 3'RO~cv~~lr and ~..party with an intcrnuLiunal All usual, the orga.nizers or Lynnt: Wilson ~flavour. Among the children Ihe Hend Oilicc children's In the last few days bel:ore ~_

Christmas party lIlvttetl twenry Christmas. stall' break~up parties mchildren from all orphanage to were held by most Divisions. ;;;;come and join in the fun with l'he Division or Textile ]lhY!tics ~...the seventy children belonging -.to the ·stair. This year's staged theil' Chnstmas Revue ~

ull 15th December and held a ;~£.chi 1d reil came from St. slall dinner on Christmas Evc. ~_Antoniun's Orphanage ill Rich- RoJ.~mond. rhe Revue lasted Jar about ~M.

A popular auraction at the ninety minutes. and a high T:.l:tDivision 01' Protcin Clll~rnistTY'S standard of performance was ~I!Iparty was a trampoline, which maintained. One item dealt ~ran hot all aFternoon. with the life and limes of Ned 1£1.

Kelly; the 'ecrel concealed by I/!!.Iris helmet was revealed, and ~

~~)S~~l~l~:I~~ldti~~~I~hc~e~iz~~li~~~~ ~gave the audience a vivid ~glimpse of ,f"mily life. <end !£Itstrife in the days of the wild ~••-••colonial boys. ~M.

A bright song and dance ~routine dealt with topical ~

ma-tters, occasionally with a ~8lo\

s u g g est ion of sati re, and ~a not her act showed how ~

cookery (or chemistry) can go ~~"wry even though the recipe is ~r<eilhl'lllly [uIJowed. ~

Other partie~ on Christmas .1)\Eve were held by the Divisions ~of Food 1')l'cscI'vlI(ion, Animal ~

IPhysiulogy and LJhysics. ;!~..!l1~_Even at far-ofl'l)ul'kcs, thc ~_

radio astronomers intcrrupted ~their pursuit of the Venus ~Jiprube "Mariner" 10 hold Cl ~A

huffel dinner 0\1 15th Decern- ~

~ .~•~if!.~!£l~lfJ~•~~~~~•~•~•~•~1i!

llI~jfI~jfI~~~~?fJ~~~,WIl~jfi~~~1Ill~W~}!/J~~~~~?fJl~W~jf.1~~~~~WJ~~~WI~~~~~~~;$~jfll~~1».

046-1963

Or. G. 1'-1. Lance, whose appointment as Officer-in-Chargeof the Computer ResearchSection was allllounced in lastmonth's HCoresearch".

Printed by C.S.I.R,O, Melbourne

Or, W. G. WOODS

1)1'. \'V. G. ':Vood~ has joinedthe staD' of lhe Dlvision orOrganic Chemistry. He is agraduate of the Univer~ily 01'California, and gained hisPh.D. degree at Caltech. Since195~ he has been 00 the stan'of the \I.S. Borax ResearchCorporation.

,,~~

Iheld a pU'HJoctoral fellow

ship wilh lhe CanadianNational Re~icarch Council.Since 1959 he has wl)rked as a

'I molccu1<H spcctroscopi~t at lheUnion Carbide Laboraloric<., in

: Cleveland, U.S.A.

I

the stan of the Division of~.~~Soils, and will be stationed inTownsville. lie has been forthe past fourteen years on tbestalT of the Queensland Depart·ment o[ Agriculture and Slack.

M... C" R. MacLellllll has accepled a two-year rellowship illthe biological control group ofthe Division of Entomology.

Mr. C, R. MacLELlAN

He is a graduate of McGillUniversity and Queens University, Ontario. He is all

enlonlo!ogist on the slaH of theCanadiull Department of Agriculture's research stalioll atKcntvillc. Nova Scotia.

Mr. 'V. (;. MUIIlIIIC hasjoined the Division or MineralC h e III i s try 'as an X - raymineralogist. A graduale of thelJniv(~rsity of Adelaide, he hasjust completed a thesis for aPh.D. degree in palaeomagIlclism,

Mr. R. E. OIDOIIBCIl, agraduate in engineering fromthe University 01' Sydney, ha,joined lhe stan' of the Divisionof Textile Physie,. He hasserved as an onicer in theI{.A.A.F., and as an engineerin Armstrong Siddeley and inQanta,.

llr. J. K. Wilmshnrs( hasbeen appointed to the stall' orthe Division or ChemicalPhysics. Aft e,. graduatingPh.D, Auckland in J956, he

Every day nt lunch time ellfhusiusflc members or the C.S.I.R.O. Indool' nowIs Cluh at fheNational Slllmlards and Hl1dioJlhysics Lubomtorics: converge 011 the I>i\'isioH of l{mJiol)hysic.'I'worl(,fjhop jo fry filch' skill. Matl'llCs lIrc pluyetl 011 two ('oiT lIIuts, f.hil'ty ,"ccf long ami sixI'eel wide, using f(}lIr~inch lIol'lnnl biassed bowls. Thc club hus more IIlf1n nUy ndivc membersnlld life mcntbcl'shil~ eosls onc shilling:. I{egular singles, Imil's, triples 1I11d foul'S C01l111ctHionsare pluyed umlel' local rules which IIPlu'oximule n01'l1l111 indoor howls rules. About fortycntcl' c~lch l'ompclifioJ) - o'hcrs often 1)laying us replacemell(s. There is 11 nominal playingI'ce wlth:h helps to make UI) the prize mOlley. Our picture ..,hows TolU Bruc"- sendiul{ down ~,

bowl in 'he gnwd fhud of 11 (rjvles compcfHion which tool, about 'wo month,,, hJ complclct

ilnd in whidl a ieum I'I"0m the "Rndioph.)','tics workshop hent an AdminhdraHvc Oml'C 'cum.

F~'V'\I'V~~~

APPOINTMENTS TO STAFF

Mr. R•.J. Crack, a graduateof the Universities of Queensland and California, has joined

Mr. K, O. Ilrolldfoot hasjoined the stalf of lhe Divisionof Textile Physics. where hewi 11 be in charge of an electronics Jaboratory. A graduate"I' Adelaide University, he haspreviously set up electronicslaboratories at the WeaponsResearch Establishment, Salisbmy, the Institute of Ophthalmology, London, and JohnHopkins University, Baltimore,U.S.A.

Tagging tuna is no easy task.The fish are caughl by trolling,hauled aboard, m cas 11 re It,tagged, and returned to the sea.

This may SOUllt! simple ifyou are lhinkLng of a fish afoot or so in lenglh and weigh~

ing two or three pounds, butthe southern bJuefin marked 011the New South Wales coastaverage 30 inches in length and20 lb. in weight They arcpowerful and active, andstruggle on the measuringboard and when the tag isinserted.

Fishermen catching a rcdanti-yellow lagged tuna shouldhand it to an officer o[C.S.I.R.O .. a cannery official,or a flsheries inspecLor, and itwill be paid for at nJlingprice!';.

A few of the tags haveyellow tips, These mean thatthe tagged fish have been i njeeted with a yellow dye calledterralllycill.

This dye is absorbed into thebones, Hnd an autopsy on tflefish will show how much if hasgrDwn since tagging.

as spaghetti, and tlve incheslong. They arc aWlChed lo theAsh Ileal' the dorsal An, in themiddle of his back..

Mr. D. G. REID

glider will be entered, and it islikely to be well in the runningfor the prize for a standardclass aircraft.

All the operations Ln amodern cloud seeding experiment arc shown. There arcsome beautiful sholr-; of theDivision'~ twin-engined CcssnaaircJ'art engaged in cloud .,eed~

tug.From the air, the camera

takes LIS to the ground wherefarmers llnd sk.i-borne SnowyMountains work.er~ read rainand snow gauges.

Back in the labol'Htory, Dr.E. G. Bowen, Chief of theDivision, explains in simpleterms the scope and design ofthe experiments.

The story of raiHl1!aking issill/ply rold, and the film isperfectly under.\·(l1l1.dab/r' 10 lay(I/ldiel1ces. If two\' a strong jet:-'finK of authenticity, as it islargely compiled frum recordfilm taken over tlw yew's hyRadio ph ysirs photograp/rt'l',Kl'!l Nt;sh.

If they spend most of their lifenul to sea, we may be fishingonly the fringe of the populatiOll, ano discovery of the seaward distribution could lead to11 big expansion of' the fishery.

lntcnsivc tagging, particularlyof young salmon. may givesome of the clues needed toanswer this question of seawarddistribution.

You won't. know if you'vecaught a tagged salmon untilyou clean it .... - the tags arcinside.

The tuna tags arc pieces DJred plastic rod, about as thick

RAINMAKERS

Keeping o.Togon TunaThe Division of Fisheries and Oceanography plans to put tags on 30,000tuna and 100,000 salmon during the next two years.

Tuna showing red and yellowtag inser"ed just below dorsalfin.

Anyone finding a taggedfish slHlUll! measure it [1'0111its snont to the fork of itstail amI send the measnrement, together with the tag,to the Division's Laborlltory at CrOllulla, N.S.W.One of the prcsen( my,ostcl'iesof Austl'Hlinl1 salmon is whetherlhcy spend most or their life utlien nml only occtt!iiiollully visitthe com!t Of' vice vcrsn,

The cOlllcsl will be held ut.1l1l1iut a (own 011 (he gl'llssyplains or (he PUnlIlUS, ubnut120 miles west of Uucnos Aires.The competition will take theform of races around tri.angularcourses or to destinationsnominated by the task setter:i,based on the lime taken tocover the distances.

Another form of daily taskmay be free djstance, in whicheach competitor goes as far as11e can, ~coring additionalpoints if he achieves a goal henami nated before take-oH.

Teams from some twentycountries will. compete. and ascientific congress 011 the designand construcl1on of gliders andon the 0 per a t ion a I a 11 dmeteorological aspects of gliding will be held concurrenlly.

Despite the diflieulties oftransportation, a new Australian

THE

Mr. D. G. Reil!. o[ the Divisiou of MeteorologicalPhysics, will be one of the three pilots to representAustL:alia in the World Gliding Championships to he heldin Argentina in February.

The Film Unit has completed 11 new IiIm entitled "TheRainmakers". It is in colonr, with sonnd, and has ascreening time o[ 25 minntes.

Gliding Championship

The film traces (he story ofraimnnldng from 194(1 up unlilthe pn.scnl day. Shortly aftcl'the first successful cloud sccdin~ CXIJcl'imcnl in Amcricll in1946. fhe Oi"i&ioH of RlldiophysicN was able .0 induce thefh'st' arUficral ruin eve-I' to hitthe ~i'ollnd.Early experiments ill theI a b () rat 0 r y arc cxcellenllyportrayed. Ingenious photographic techniques show dry iceseeding waler vapour in a cloudt::hulnbcr. The sequence is followed by shtHs of the earlyaerial experiments in whichsackfuls or dry ice were tipped

. into cUlllulus clouds from anR.A.A.F. Hudson.

In further sequences the filmshows how silver iodide smokewas tested in the laboratory,and how silver iodide burnerswere developed for use in aircraft.

046-1963

CORESEARCHFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O. STAFF- NUMBER 41, MELBOURNE, FEBRUARY 1963

UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE

NUFFIELDFELLOWSHIP

.lapnnese pr~lclicc (11 grantingdouble tll\,)IiOll rebates nn IlleiJlllUlHlt spent on IC'icnrch,

A n\\rnbel' of ..p~akers la\'oured thbidca <1nl! lhollghtIhat it might prove an eIlCl'livt'WilY or pxpHndil\g rcsearch.

Several speaker~ cOll'iideredthat the Division's I.::LIl"renl: research :IClivilles werc wellchosen in relation [0 the needsof the food indll,>try,

The meeting ended with adiscllssion on the best Wi\\,S 01communicating, research res\llts[0 industry'. Dr. VkkcrY'iaidthat Ihi .... t<lsk was made mucheaSICT when nrms pos<.;c .. sedwell qll:llillcd lcc;hnical "Ldl.

Olll pil'tl1n.~ above sIH)\'hdelegates at the Llpening 01 theFood Industry Meeting.

Dr. A. B, lIupe, or lllG PlantPllYsinlugy Unit or \h~ DivisiDIl of l-ood Preservalion, hasbeen awarded a Nullicld Du··minion I'ravelllllg FellDW~hiJl

fur \LJ6~, Dr. J-lore will workin the Biophysics Departmentof the Univ(;l" .. ity of Edinhurgh\-vith Dr. J. Dainty. und willstudy ionic mnvcrnent'i inplant cell~ and aLTOSS plantcell nH~ll)bral1cs,

-~---------~----- -----_.

Morc than I'orty cxccutivcs 01' food industry lirms atteudcdthc Scieuce and Indus1ry Day held III thc Division ofFood Prcservation's labol'llforics al Norlh f{ vdc lastNovember. .

APPOINTMENTS VACANTThl' following V:ll'lllll'jCS 1"01' })l'Ol'cs"iional apl)oinllllClIls arecllrrcnl:-

C1·ILi\olbT (E.Il. Iflll 11'\' .. i"n "I F,,,,,1 l'tI'~('nllt"," i[lU/I'i'i rh·],hat,' 1:1),

1l1\1SIll\.-\1. r~(d\Fr':n (l.n~'ill'l'I' 1I:'lll) ni,i~I"', ,1 "",,,,,I l'I'·~l·na·

1,,>11 ,1j)U/::l:·'(' 11·,bnl.ll"y \;iJ1-\(;!\FJ::ft lElI/.:ill<-lr lill) lli"j~I"" "I 1',,\[,1, IJII""i'.~ )f,c,/li,7

\FdJlllan l:.J,t,:Xj'E[U~Hi'd'i\1 IIFt'IUllS (L,O, 1/111 l'l'~lIl!'qjllf' S,·.I'''!' l.'lII/:!l)l,

I Jo" .. i"u'\IY I;;1·:Xl'FHIMI:.\TAL OIHtTH LiIF:\HS'1 i[.ll. lil\1 IJI~i~j')lI ,,! \,,<111

1'1"~"I',H"'ll, .':107/ 1/ \l'd.. lllilI'Y '1:-,1LXI'IHIMf'\T'\1 OF1'-1(;1-:1\ lL,O, 1,'111 ni\i~i"'1 ,,\ ;>";I"I"tHIJ\,,~i'ill

Phl'~j,~ l,lufllJlJ ll'd,rulll~ 1';J.EXI'1::HIi\\F'\L\L (JFF!L1',lI (Lo, II1II Ili\·i~'"'' ,,! 1'1.1ll1 ludll~ll\',

1:12i.lllJ lFt·III'I"II' L'i)['I.ANT I!">TllUIH:CllO'\.j IHTlfJH IE.Cl 1\/111\ lli\'i~inOl "j 1'1,1Il1

11l<1,,~1l\ un/:ii..J IF.-t'lLI'I<y ];1)HL5F'\lltl·] OFnU~H (li.U.iS,IU},} I'lili,inll.d \\ ,(.!I'l, 1l"S"illlh,

:,(,U/Lt) \'I1Ilrd, 1",),SCIE'\T1Ht: ASShTA"'1 TO llllFl IS,".tJ. 11/111) llil,-"i"1l ,01 lJ'lin

Ih~,';jrc'l, J.lUjl211 rF,·j,mMY 1;\"i011. PlHSIlT;';'T (L.O, 1/11) ni\'i~i,," ulU1F\HLAL J:1\(;I\EI,:1l I L,ll. 11111

(,Ull/.]l ~Fd,ruafr 12;.l:;\l'EJlI~n:\TAL UFlll:FH 1\ GI'!\,L1ICS 11 O. ljJl) tlj,i"i"n ,,[

I'hllll lHLiIl~\r~. L1Ur,l1-t 11',hm;>]"I' 2~)

r'I'IICnO!JI(JJ.(I(;!ST (L.O. ltlll Dil,;siuH "t l1i,w!ll'lhisln ill,,] 1:"IH'Ld'\,lIlril;OIl. <!50/11H tF.·!Jlllary 221.

PIIYS1CAL Cll]'I\I\ .... 1' IF,I'- )1/1111 ni~i.,i"ll u( L":ll I...~";>]"d,, lIaJ:"l~(,

tFdru,ln 22J.HI-.SLAl\CH OFFI{:rllS IH,O.) Fngi,lI·,'lil'l-: S,'{'tj"ll, '110/;'(1-' IFd,

IUt\l'¥ :l~n,

';0[1 SClF\T1S't (H,Il,/S.lULI llid~i"l> nl LIII.i H,·.,·'lll'!< .mollIq;iUll.d SUl\l'\, (llll!I.1-;! O:"],I'lIll1\' "!:;).

l'HYSIClSl iILO.!":::,I{,O,) lJ,\i~i"lJ f,1 ctll'lIlinil t'IH~i"i' .'i!lIi1'1(:\'J<lld\ fll.

Afh~l' weh.'ollling Ihc visHol''''.1he Chief or Ihc Ili\'ision, DI'..1. R. Vil'kcl'y, gnvc u sllorl He('ount of .he [)hision\ Cllncu!I'e~ca('ch tu'livilics un IJfOl'CSsedfruit and vegetablcs, l'(HTO~Ji()1I

of' filllllaic, conll'ol of Inil'ro~

orgunisms, rl'e~h rl'uil stomgcand h'Uu!:iporf. and foud f1avoul'.Dr, W. J. Scntt. Assistant Chiefof the Division, then reviewedlhe work of the various reMsearch groups al Brisbnne, Hobart and (il)sford, :h well ;:l'i llf

the olhen:; al SydnevIn the afl:t:nlooll; th~ vi::dlOrs

toured the laboratories ilntI dls~

cussed ~peciflc pl'oblerns v.,ithindividual resean,:h wurkers,

lhc dav concluded with ameeting presided over by Or,Vickery, wlw opened the discussion by invil illg COnlll1l:nt

all the research needs of theAuslrnlian rood illllustrv.

He asked whether th~ pre~

sent research cllol'l. in whichL,S,I.R,O, l"igurecl promincfl!ly,could he regarded :t'i adcqllatG,and whether it W~h likely toI,eep pace Wilh developml:ntsin other l'ountrie<;. He said thalthe expenditure OH rood research in Austral ia representedonly 0.1 per cent. of the saksvaluc or lood".

Dr, S, .H, ll,,'tnw "sked ;1it was Ihough[ that addilionnlresearch activity could be Cllcouraged by more IihGral taxation rebales. Ih~ quoled the

l'======~_=-=_=_=._=__=.~~_=_==,_=_=~===I

rhl.'.: 'ipeed :md e~lse of as~il:mhlillg the panel con:ilrllC~

tion t:n:\hled the lodg.c [0 appeHI' in a matter of d~\vs 111

spiLe of dillicult wt:illher conditions.

Furthl..'l" parties wi1l work lHlthG lodge over the n~\l fewnwnths and it h lh)j)l:d tu haveit fully l)ptralitHl:Il 111 tilllC rnlthe c\Hlling -.CI1S011.

An\,on...: WilD would like [t)

help 111 Ihe \..'~)JlSllllctioll uJ" lhL~h)dge l)l' to join thc Clubshould contact M! E, S. Pjlk~

inghHl, HO!lorarv ScncuHy,C-So I. R, Ski Clllh, ef- Chemical Research Labnl'atllri~s, Bo\4~.11, GJ'.O" Melhollrne, w;lhout delay.

A.llSll'illian deleg;ltL'" havebc-en accepted ns chairmen tl!two specialized sc\',don'1 alld a..;disclIs"ion leader.... in at leasteleven .... pecinIL,ed SeS'i;llll"1,

Si1 Ciarfldd said thHt theAustntliun Dt:IGgalion wa.. wcllquulilled tn rn:d.;\.' a ,>uhslanliall'onrrihllt ilHl [0 the ..ucces'i ufLNCSA 1.

"1~llectil't-' !hu'titipwion in theConference Il'ilI help (o reillIOl'(.'erhis re pllt{jfiol1 wld nil/vwell' . increase rhe extent fa

which /e,\'s dln.'el0l'ed cOIl1'Ifrieslook //1 us fOI sdenfi/ir' andtechlloluRical ndvicc,"

/-le void' ';,-1 flSfl'(/Iht iswide!\' (·sll'('/l/et.! tH' /1 scienti[ica!h tldv(/m'ed COf/l/tf\ Ou}"unique sillll/lion (IS (/ /lot vel("(l!ufJletelv develop('d COII/!tI'Y,wirh a grew 1'or;e(\' of IWf/{rafl'eSOIl"as (nul climatic conditions, c/laMe,' liS To (//J/Jroachthe proMcnr.\ 0/ /(,SS c/cI'l'lo/)l'dcountries Il'/rh ItHdrrs/cmdingh(/,'ed on 01/1' 011'/1 /'\"!wriences;ow Ipedaf f'''t)el/('tIces inPapllo /llId Ne\L' Guinl'l.I ol tI,el'f'ohlt:1IIs of tlflplvinglr'ie/lcealld !('chno!og\ !o less del'eloped (/rcdS i., (Jm tiel/larhI'e!l'l'flllf,

"Under various intt'1'JIalionalagrennellt.'i, a/ld lJ(/l'ticu1tl/'lyunder ,lte Colol11!Jo Plan, Austra!id II/IS e.rll.'nded cOl/sid('/'ab/(! technical l1.1'si.'itwlce to\'ollth Hast Asia, A Ilstl'tJlian expUiS hal'e built HI) a reputalion for dOIl'n-fO~e(/rth (re(/!nU'nl of if/{~ ,,/Oh/ems of the

[11 fhe nWllfh" before lastChrisfllUlS. work plIrlics illMclhonruc l'()Htlllch~d fahrh.-a~

tion 01' lhe 1)ly-wood pUlletwnll u,\scmhlv ami 011 fhe 21s1Decembcr a ~elni~jl'ailcl' loadedwith eight lOllS of buildingIImtel'ials sel 01lt for FnlhiCreek,vVorkinj}. at dillcrent limcs, :Jgroup 01 almo<.;l 1'01'1'1' (Illhnwmbcrs then hegan to elecl 1

lhe w~l1ls and parI of the rooton [he Bcsser b'lock b:l ..emenlwhich wa.. completed bdoreb-.t season\ ..nuw,

\Vindows were Jilted in thl.'closing days 01 Ille holidayperiod thus hringing lll~ huilding lO n lock-lip stage

Ski Clllb BuildsAs a I'csull 01' thc cntlms;lIsm nnd cnl'l'gy 01' its mcmhcrs,thc C.S.I.H.. Ski Club should havc a second lodgc at FallsCreek (Vktorill) for thc stlll't of thl' Itext skiing scason.

rhe 'ipceiali'it papers covela wiu~ varietv 01' topics int'lllding. nalLlral I'C'>Oll1'l..·C'i, agl'iculture, tl'an'>purt, COllllllunicalions, industrial Jevel()pnJ~1l1.

eCDflomic pli.lllnjnl~, training l\\scienliill' and ICL'hnica! pcrsonllel. and illternatioll~d CUMOpCr:llllHl,

Ihe nincl,V-six AU"ifraliall1'1IIlCI'S IH.'l'cplctl fill' lhc ('on~

fcn~lI(,c wel'e edilcd nwl lll'e~

parcd for plIhliellion h)'( ',S,I.H.O,

Sir (iul'ficld B:lrv·,Iick "~lId

th:lt. alllwugh tht' AII'i{raliilnDekgatioH wa'i small comparedwith dclt'g.a\lOl1S from suchcountries :I" the Lnlled Stale"",lJ.~.S,R, and Blilain, it W:l'i

of Vel\! high qualitv and wascnmp\)sel! cso;,clltiallv III leading ..dentists. whl) we le dircLllvengaged ill the practical ,lppllcatilHl or s.('iellc~ 10 I\u"tralia's development prohlcrn~,

Australia i, the Inllll'hlarge,,! conlribll(Or {)f ~ckll

tiflc papel s ,[Hd IM:-. had Hgreall:l proporlion or it') conlributi()n~ accepted 101 prescn(al ion thUll any oth!::r counlrv,

Three Auslrali:lII IIHllcrs .SUI'VC,\ and AI,.\e-SSlllcuf Hi'Land'l{csOlll'l'CIii. hy Mr. C. S.Christian; Sdclll'c as a \lu,jt)J'Fadol' in DcvchlfHtlCnl: fheSpl·t'ial Pl'oblclUS Fnl'ill.~

S<'Ie-Il('c hI LesS' \)cvclOljcd('uunfl'ie,.... by 1\'11.. F. G.Nil.'holls: lImi 'fhe Dcvcloll~menl or the Naliunul Telh'om~

IIlUUkn(joll SySfClIl, hy Mr. ,n..\'V. 'l'ul'nhull and olhcl'''i-havchecn sin~lcd out for om' prescntation hy their alllhol's.

Scvel'al membcrs of C.S.I.R.O. al'e included in an eighteen man Australian delegation to a major United Nations COl1l'ereufe on thc Application 01' Science and Technology for the Henelit 01' Less Developed Areas(UNCSAT) which will be held in Geneva from 4th to 20th February.

ERRATUMIn Ihc article on uSal arv Ri-;c'iin E.O, Ranges" in "Core.;"earch'\ No, 4b, it was 'ilatet]that Class 4 will cnntimlc tohe the maximum of the normalcareer range Illl' Fxrcrirnent~ll

(Hllcer,:",rhis should read, "cta"is 1

will continue tn he the ma\i-nmlll "

The dclegation will hc Icadhy Lord Cascy. a part-timcmcmber 01' thc Excmtivcami l'or'mcl' Ministcr-inChal'!~c 01' C.S.I.R.O.The \-linis(cl' 1'01' Exlcfllal Af v

fairs. SiI' Garticld Ual'wit'k.c.;aid Hmt (he Conference 'V:l~

!icing held largely lls a l"c-suHof Ihe initilltivc lalwll hy LOl'l1Cascy 111 Ihe \Jllitcd ~ulion!'i

Generlll A!iM~mhly in 1958when, as Mini'J(cl' 'for Extcl'IwlAn'airs and l.eader or Ihe Australian Dclcl,!.aiioH. he had IH'Oposed Hml (he lime hatt l'OfHC

for a ,'\:ol'lll-widc .\In-vc)' to henmdl' 01' fhe main trclHls 01'ilHluil'y in lhe licit! 01' IH\Ulral,dum'cs.SII' ClarHeld said tInt, a~ nlesult 01" this Allstr;l!iall initia~

tive, and as a tribute lo l.lnd

Casey's part 111 it. Lord It.lseyhad heen invit~d by the (onVenor'> to accept a ViccMPrcside ne)' of tJ ~CSAT am! to del i vel' ,:1 spccial address

rhe other C.S.I.R,O, l11el1\

bel'S or the Delegat ion are M r.C. S, Christian, Memb~r ur theExct'lltive: Or. .I. G. Davies,ChicI' Ilr th~ Division ofIropical Pasturc,,~, rVl~·. c, s,r--'lillt, A~slstant (hid of theDivision ufForesl Products;r-.4r; (;/, H. G,i,t.dordf,,·~c..:-r.~tar-1'

of CS,I.R,O.; and Mr. F G.Nlcholls, Omcer-in-Charge oJIIHcrnational (:o~operation.

Another rncmbel ~)j theDcJcgnt ion, Profe"sol C. ~vl,

Donaltl, is a IlH':lllber of theC.S,l.R,O. AJvi~ory COllllCil.

'The purposc or the ('onCer~n('e is 10 considcr how developing cotllllries c:ln benehll'IOIll re ....'enl advances IIIscience and lchnology in theilsearch for il'nproved standardsor living~ how lhc applIcationof these advnnccs can allcclthe paltcrn of econumic andsocial Jif~ of these countries:IH1W scienlir-ic research l'llll bestbt:' adapted to thcil ~PCL'llllncclJ..: and how ..cientilk and1echnolugica! development inthe Ics~ devclt)pcd area .... Ihclll,,\.'!ves call h~ prolllOted,

lhe Conference will nO!' becOIlCcrncd with acndclllic dis.sert~\{ion" hut will conc-:ntlaleon bringing the full rc')oun.::esnf ll10dern science alld tech~

nolngy 10 bear. UPOIl th~ developmcnt:d problem... 01 les"develuped coulltries.

fn thesc rcspccl'l the pUrp(hL'nr thi'i Confcn:llce is the sameas that underlying all ALlstra·lian aiJ prugrammes,

All 111cIllber slate.. or lhcUnited Nations and Specialized .t\gcneies have been Invited; abollt 2.000 'icicl1liJlcpapers. will he presented, andthe total number or delegatesallending will he hetween1,1110 and 2,1100.

047##1963

Late Christmas Pictures CO-ORDINATING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

Graceful hula girts - Kerry Feldman, Jennifer Thorsby, BarbaraColledge and Lorraine Romanis - perform a scene from "SouthPacific" for the staff of the Division of Textile Industry at theirannual Clnistmas party.

UniversilV Dcpal'lrncnts ofAgricultu"re lInd Vclcl'irwrvSdcncc have been playing anincre;;lsingty important paridllC to moneys allollcd fromfunds provided by {he variousagricultural industries in COI1~

jUllction with the C{)mmoJ1~

wcnlth Govcrnnlcn{,

wrhi~ loose and Ocxihle SV'i~

Icm is proving to be wel! Stilled(0 agriculllJrnl research ill AusIndia judged by the flow otworthwhile results comingforward,"

D1'. Hu[[on said that no "'VS~

Icm was perfect and that a-BYattempt to graft a ~iO~callcd

Agricultmal Research Councilon to our prescnt qtlite satisfaclory syslem cDullJ casily Pillthe clock back,

IlWhnl suits Great Brilaindoes not necessarily sui{ ushere," he sa id. IIWC do notwrlnt la be diverted 1'1'0111 ourj'>atlcrn of research developllIcnt by catch cries ')uch as'let us co-ordinate our primaryindustry research with an agricllltunl1 research touncil'."

11 COll/, ni' ,"I /),,1/11 n,U/I/""","till"·.' ir /, v, ,(it]in,lt ", /wt! /i'

Jt /.<lId "/' "'" n"",. /{.",d.lVi_I/" IJI/.,J,l,w,j rll/ "I", ~itl.· 'lIId righl I".,hind 11.<,Jr'/l,'" .'0I11"()/1~' <i/H "If·'!r,.", I/O \'0/1. "',H"''''''. d,l/l'1 'U/I (/lUll find lIi,(,'.IFil'l 1_11." ..-cm,'/""· fllld l"rl"lll·/tllriu/II. (In ,·ill,,', .. id.".Y"j(·U IlrlJ/ll!l:l' <In Ihl/I. vou. 'HHlr /11 11", r/"'rtl '·"/11,.,· I'd RH/,',-It /,",1 lip ,,11 fJr'1Jr, Nw"i

l'Jr.n,·-, mlll'h I:OIIJ~ "/I. '11 elW/.,IV,,',.,. ~I>I/.f' mu! IHlIlj!hl. 'nl/H' 11.1'11' '·'llli,'lIIt·/" 1111<'11'th.-n~·.' mlll·h /!,n:"1! <1/1· III COII/.IFil/' Ollr ""rh ,h"y'/I· I!tllnp If} Ird,/ It.\ l!'I'fI/.!,Jr,J,Ir wilh /1,,- 11'1".<.< ";l'f"'fr,III/I'/'" /v,. 1'1'11/11,'1 i,III"''''I'','o" ,1,1' NMN t/l1I1 f,r.;U wilh ""/'1 IH' lill Ill','1'" ht'l.l' ",~ #nd /11" "'illl/,'" III 111,' ",'1"/ ""'(1" M"lI"Jltrt/l' f.'l/IJ,th"",·., IIIUI.''' I!"i,/~ .'II 11/ (.',m.'.

{I,,,nc',, 1II11f'" 11."111./1, 'In ,1/ Con/,[h,< I,j." wll,"'/' ".I I"I',O;"I/n" rill" 11IH·//}'" UlrlHIll!,

fJ"'/"f",' II/.I/.rh 1'11':'1/1, 0/1. lit Cm/I,"',um nwl [,1"1/.<1"11; nliht th.rolll!!I ru "rl)l'"'! u"I/ JI/If/li,,/[,

/1/ III1/HIJ.., 18 IIH·.~·'" /",nIWf dtllnllllll! 0)1// /11 "')/"',TIII·v'ft' .,!ltJliilljf ill Ib,' !lri"Ul·It'~_1 Il'Id "'lIt!."'I'/"'/f rllf'lII I" ,1/"'/,,rht' 11'(/.1 It/,',-,, ."JlL,inl!. {""hIN",' .'ll-:C ",rI! ",,/ 11." J""'",,IIp'n'·,'- /lIIlC}, 1:,11.1111. nil '/1 I.n,d

Thc following verses arc culled from a lurgel' work. whichwas ~ulIg with I!,I"cat feeling '0 fhe hmc of !\;Iuch Bindingin fhc l\'hlfSh by the Coal u.csearch Quurtc' at 'he Divi~

~i(Jn's Chl'ishml!\ Revue. The QUlIrfet cOIl1(JI'isc.s from len:Hrucc Ayling, Michael Smyth. Ron l~rld,oitl and .John('ol'cornu.

-tt c",1l !lc,.el/fllI Ill' lIt 1l1't!,·,Th,'r.'_' ",m,"fJil/j! .,f,,' 1.I"'f IUU'S I,·' "liis!r/t"li'J/'.41 (",// /l""'llrr/, UJI fit Rtf/,',rh·, /i.lh /tlll/P /lH' 'I 1,'1'1\' (11)' flltrtlflillll,

Th,· lnuL'hul' U/I"·" ior I"'"pl,, I" ",,'I' 1!(j~"J[ i/1 /lnd Hili,'tf", l.'I/'lf"'~II',' I_/r,.",·, 'j./ld /r,,{,,',f " !J'linl '" 1I'/,i,-:/I tll"I" i., /I" ,!'Iul,!,Th.,t·,,· ludo' tfll/I 11/1 fridl!l',' IJr,':" 11"· ~"fd.Il"h '/lit! /l1l1 /1"11/,1,I1 C<lnl ,;,'.'c'lI"("h Ill' III Ihd··

Coal Research Quartet

.'\-<111" Ill- Iwrlihng Numb"r 3,f}l1r /I/I-'To,nJ!lic .""cll<ll/. 1110 Ih"", d/<1"nl'lt's in bm/dr"'K l'Iuml"'1" .'I.rh,., d,'"u"n. mlr/fl.W·tlP,· i_' '/lIil_" (/ h"fllIl_.)(;""l/ .,nilch,·" ,w. 11 IN/fill., Ill' II/U/ J1,,'n 1'1'''f',·rhilll! /<IO/:' /in,-,If" slor..tl' IlIrn." (/. ailll to h'''I' Ill" "III'O'lrl fJ"'lIIl ,,/I. /ill'.If" lOllk.' inlll 1/", S,·"""". (I/i.d .\,.I/., "/ ;11." PfJl CIU!IIIH'/ 9/"'rlrl//·s ill. 1"lllrh'IP 1/I,m1>,,/ J

~._--_.....-.--...-_....--~ ..--.._-...-...~

I

•

[he Agricultural ResearchCouncil (0 organize rcscan:hin Greal Britain hHd been anormal sorl of cVOltlliOIl to [l!the circumstancc~ 01' a smallclosely knit cOllntry with fairlyuniform agricultural cnmlilions.

III (he U,S.A., 011 the olherhand, the State {lniversitiesplayed the major role, with theUnited Slales Department ofAgricu(tlJrc having H loose in~

tegraling lllnucnce,

ClThc siz.e of (he U.S.A. andthe wide range o[ problemshas led [n agricultural researchbeing done on ~l regional orecological basis," said DI".Hutton. "Australia is almosl(he same size as lLS.A. andhas just as wide Cl range ofconditions.

'IWith our strong FederalParliament and the lIrgen[need to tacklc national pl'ob~

lems facing the agricultural industr;es, C.S.I.R.O. was established as C.S.I.R. ill 1926.

lIor more recen! years Departments of Agriculture and

•I~.M._...__ .._....•__ .•.._..NM_...._.. _._~~

Any efforts by an overall agricultural research council to co·ordinateagricultUl'al research throughout Austmlia could meet sedous obstaclesand have substantial drawbacks, agricultlll'al scientists have been told inBrisbane.

Visit from V.S.Weather Man

Addressing the QueenslandBranch 01' the AustralianInstitute 01' AgriculturalScience late last year, Pro·I'essor Ko O. Call1Jlbell.!'rol'essor 01' AgriculturalEcouolnics at the l.1nivcl'sHy 01' Sydney, said thatthe ,'olullle oi' agriculturalresearch output could beincreased either by devot·ing IIIore resources to research, 01' by lIIaldng bet·ter use 01' existing I'acilities,I-le said fhat imlJrOVements ofthe second kind could cHherhe achicved within mU.lnl' rese:tl'ch organizu'ions 01' hy improvcd COwOIJCl'ution and coonJina1ioll betwcen them.IICo-ordimltion lo some peoplemeHns t!le cpilolllC of scien~

tiAc wisdom," Professor Camp~

hell lold the Institute, "Toothers it implies meddling andinterference,"

"Plea" Fol' ('o-ordinationamI avoidance of duplicationseem to imply that any rc~

search scientist Gm be pu( towork on a prohlem with pcr(cel assurance that he willcome up with an answer, Thisis patcnlly not \rllC, Rese,m,:h,particularly basic research. isa chancy business, ]n tllcse circlllnslances it i5 wise to letseveral indepcndcnl researchscientists work on lhc sameproblem."

Professor CnmpbeJl pointedout thal co~ordinaliol1 of rc~

search restricted t11C freedomor lhe individual researchworker tCl shift hi" cfl'orts inlhe direction which to himseemed tllosL promising, findthis might signifkantly reducehis productivity,

UniversiLies with their traditiolls or academic freed on"'! andsovereign stales, with theirjealous regard for stales' righlswere likely In resist threats 10their independence slemmingfrom bodies purporling to beco,..ordinating rcscarc!'i.

Evuluution of jmJjyiclual re~

searl'h llro:icc's-tllc lmditionulmefhod or co-ol'llina(ing l anddishul'silll!, IIJOIlC)' 1'01' I'cSCUl'ch-clearly prejlldit'iCd the qualHyof re~elU'ch lIndcl'(ukcl1. lIndthrc~,tcncd the l'ig.hls nl' fhe indiyiduul scientist

Assessing the practical dim~

cIJlties facing any co-ordimlt~

ing organization, he said thatAusl ralians had ,;lriven for coordination of sciel1lific researchfor lhe hest part of half a ccn~

lury without any conspicuoussuccess. There was little reasonfor believing the chances orachieving Ihis goal wcre moreauspicious todsv than in lhepast.

Dr. E. M. Hutlo". of theDivision of rr ropical Pastures,said lhat the developmenl or

-Mr, A. Herns-loin, a Met.c()rolo~

gist with the United StatesWcather Bureau, \Va"hinglon.joincd the Division of Meteor- iological Physics last NoYcmbcI'.

He will work with membersof the Division in stuuies ofthe structure of the boundarylayer and problem~ of turbll~

lent transfer,

M r, Bcrnstein is aCCo.m-p~lniccl by his -wife and plansla remain with the Divisionfor a period of approximatelytwelve months.

dividuaJ grievances. Onsome major issues (e.g,salaries) we have been lesssuccess[ul.

I-Iow can wc irllprove [heAssociation?CJ C:onccntrale on our mainobjectives beller salariesand conclilions. rhere i<;sometimes an undue cm~

phasis 011 routine administration and minor complaints in the Association,lit Elecl lighting and Ihinking men {n key position'i,Previou.s experience is al~

ways the most dC'iirablcql1aliflcation,G Gcl all the facts andfiglll'cs 011 lhe technical stalTwe represent and use themin careflllly prepared c<Jscsto C.S.I.R.O.o More money and moremcmbers arc c~sential ir wcwant to go places and dothings. Our present mell1~

bcrship level of a little ovelhalf is 'Ill ite unacccpta ble.o Anolher importHnt lm~

provemclll would be thell'iC of the Associatinn\"GazcUe" as a discussionmedium where new itleasCGuld be debated and developed,

In (he traditional Stale ofthe Union manner we a,,'lUfe onr members that the\"i~ociu(i()n i"i bH!licnlly

''iOlIlHI. .

Membership and Imancesarc steadily rising and wehave a hartl core of experienced ilnd progre<;sive llll1cials. I"his is. hmvcver, hyno means a time lor COlll

placclKv.Whal has the Association

;-H.'hicvcu '.:incc ils formation(as the Assistants As... m.'ialion) 111 1946?

1\n cflcctive orgHllizatiollto further the interests 01Ihe technical "lafr has beenmaintained and, a regularpattern or negotiation wilhIhe Executive of C.S.I.R.O.ha"- been established"

Bccaus.e of our <,;mall size,most 01 OHr gains havecome from [h Is. d ired negn~

tiation with C.'s.l.It.O.

Our successes have heenmainlv ill the overhaul ofanomalies. incrcased fringebcnellts (e,g. Junio\' studyIces), and the redress of in~

State of tlwAssociation, 1963

047-1963

Striking Murals at Canberra

INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION

Well Iwown ('allbcnll urnsf,Nnn('Y l·arkcl·, has IH'mhR'cd'h..cc sll'ikillg murnls fur the(;cncfi<.'Nj Hiochcmistl'J' nnflMicl'ohiology hllihHII~~s of lheOivision of PlunllntiuMI'V inC'anhcl'l"a. They arc all' ahMs(nlct~ hused 011 the ('01111111)11

theme of SciCIU'C Ilroducill~

order out of ch1l0~.

The Genetics muml (bottomleft') is painted Jirectly on tothe wall but the other two arcpainted on aluminium sheets.

Tn the case or the Microbiology mural (above) tilesheelS have been cut into shapesheld oul from the wall tD produce a has-relief, while theBiochemistry mural (middleleft) overcomes the problem ofan extremely awkward site byemploying two single platesfastened 10 the waU and III lhetilled ceiling above it.

The lower panel omployF..cellular shapes and tile oneabove it molecular shapes,while a perspcx. mobile in leaFforms (right) is lIsed to emphasize the ceiling panel orscientiHc order.

The Indian Ocean, with an area of something like 28-million square miles,exercises a profound influence upon the lives of people living in adjacentcountries, yet it is one of the least known bodies of water in the world.l\tlany of the countries lying t:nion Hnd Australia have all Shipping ill USe varies frolllin the tropical and sub.. cC·al.,rll,:si_~~(sl rOI,"1 IJ,e,re<':lo,.,I,'tnails\~:lell'\~e~ vessels e~pecially httecl out [or

• I' I·· .v.. .. "{ the Job, to commercial /1shingtroplCH regIons SIIl'I'Ollnt - months. Japanese and Austra- trawlers. Naval survcy ship~iug the Indian Ocean are lian parties havc been at work like HMAS Gascoync andfllllong the world's lllOst in Ihe eastern part of the In~ Diumanlina arc flo;lling lahora-densely pOJlulated _ they dian OCCHIl. torie:-; in which research work-

contnin nu)l'c than H quar.. Ar'(i~(:tt~lg c~~ti~~~I~, C~:~~llthll~\i~:i~ ~~~~eSrol~n C.~~I~:~·i~~in~HC sL~~ll~fer of the world's people. can and French teams arc things as. waler mas." distribu-Some 01' these {'ounlries hnve carrying out jnv~s[igation~ tion, the supply of plankton,a seafaring 1mdHion and COll- concerning the mnverncnts of the organic life found in seadUt'1 extensive li!>hcl'ics. They hsh, along that great OCCHl1 water upon which !ish live, I'Darc iutcrcsted. fhcl'cl'ol'c, j;l highway, the Agulhas Current, all of which can be added theleurning lIlore of the occnn's which, sweeping south past takings of soundings in orderrcsnlln.'cs so that HICV ('an l'xRrvradagascar, rollows the coasl- to map irreg,tilarities in thepond thcir lishcrics 'IlIul feed Iinc 10 (he Cape of (lood sea bed.theil' crowded populatiolls. Hope The Inlcl'IUltiollnl IndianThe 'Indian Ocean, however, is Worldlll~ t'urllwr 1100'lh, (wo Ocean EXlwdition is provid-not to remain onc of our 1I1l- ships 01' the Uo,yul Navy have iug i'umlamenlal und valuableexplored frontiers for long. conw had;. wHh the news fhal scientific knowledge, some ofFollowing Cl suggestion by the the East AI'l'icun contincnhll which has a direcl IlIul im-Special Committee on Oceanic shelf cxfends under wafer as mediate hcul'illg Oil economit'Research (S.C.O.R.) of the lll~ 1'1'1' as (he SC,Vl'Ilclles l nearly dcvc)olJlncllt and human wcl-ternational Council of Science 1,000 miles 1'1'0111 the exisling funl.Unions, scienlists of many (,f1asllinc. It is encouraging collabora-counlries huve now joined tt)- In lhe same general are". lion HnlOng the many partici-gelhcl' to iJlVcstigatc thc 10- ships belonging 10 T~rance. paling counlrics, and sc:icntist~dian Ocean. Britain, the U.S.A. and Soviet from lhese cOllntries arc shur-

This co-operative project. Union, either singly or in (Olll- iog each other's apparalus un-the biggesl so far attempted in party have carried out surveys del' working condilions.the study or the sea, has come that will have far-reaching rc- From lhe viewpoint o( in-to be known as the fntcrna- I suIts, which in lhe end will tcrnational co~operatjon intional 1ndian Ocean Expedi- link up with work being done science, it is showing how thelion and is sponsored hy by scientists in both Pakis!(\n facilities and organinltionalS.CO.R. and UN.E.S,C,O. and India. support of an inlcr-govcrn-

H is in every ~cnse a com~ M_ctcofological infonnation mental body s\ll:h as O.N.E.S.bined operation, for work -is co]J~ct:ed from every s'ourCc is C.O. can ·be used to solveshared and I'csuHs made known passed to a bureau in Bnmbay, problems which arise becauseto everyone. Planning goe.. which is uncler the overall con- of the co-operative l1nture ofback to [957, bul since then trol of the United NHtiOll~ some types of internationalthe llniled Slatcs

jSoviel ()rganization. science.

047-1963

V ..... IISltS

Printnl lw (' sueD. 'Mc1hOlHIW

Thl ... shield VUtS made in theDil,.ision'sWorkshop and isplayed fol' in compel il ion withCronulla R.S.I.. (Iub as il

(ribulc to the mC!1l0rv of lhelate Kevin Lawless. who W;\ ....

a membel of the staIr of lhl'Division and (in active menlber of the Cluh.

There are sh cOIll\lclitiollnights each yell!" for men nrl1v.nnd a nllmher 01' social dartsnights where Divisional playersand their wives can engageClub memhcrs in Jricndlv C()l1I

bat.

"II'. n. Michcll, or the Divisiol1 of Tl'ibophysics, left MclbOllrnc last monlh IDI England, Europe, and NorthAmerica. where he will SllldyX~my rnicroscorv and its ap~

plicatioll to the detection <lIldobservation of ddecls in mel,llcryslal;.;,

;\11'. A. VI, S(nshc't'sld. of IheDivision or [:'orest Products.left. recently {o s[)cllll n.inemonths in Japan. Fie holds ::IJapanese Science l-'cllowshipand will be work ing with theGove.I'IlI\lCllt Expcl-imcnlal Stalions at Mcguro, Tokyo. alidAsahigawa, Hokkaido. onproblems related to plywo(}(]and parlicle hoard product in!1On (he way lo Jap,lrl he'iloppcd in the PhilippfrlCS Hndvisited plywood factories andfhe Forest prodllcts ResearchInstittlle.

A tCHm or tc'~n "hirer,,"' 1'..011Itht' Divio;iol! uf Fi.\lwric;lij allllO(·cnnognll.)hv n~t.'Clltlv wonfhe c"oncllldinp. round of 11

(mH'lmlllcnl with 'he darl'"ICllIn from Cronulla H.S.LCluh. fltu"! wil1T1illg thc KcvillI,mvlcs~ rV'clllllrial Shield 10hold foJ' 1%.1.

DARTS TROPHY

Hononll'Y Consultant

In brief

!\Ill'. G. D. Unwcll, of the Division o[ Soils, Idl Adelaide rc~

ccntly for England where hewill spend about twelvernonlh~ at Oxford ami (heUniversity of East Angliastudying Il'licorrhiza nutritionof plants. He will return vi<1Canada and the Uniled Slates.

!VIr, W. R. FCI'AUSOll, tbe Organization's Architect, is on arnonth's visit to Indonesia 011

a Colombo Plan assignment.[Ie will advise the IndonesianCouncil of Sciences on theplanning oJ new buildings andlaboratories to be erected atPararminggu near Diakarla.

Mr. K. J, llalTinl~loll, of lIlL'Wood Chemistry Section ofthe Division of Forest Pr(l~ullcls, will Icnve Australia thi~

month for the. U.S.A .. \vhcrche will work for twelve month"witb the Research Dl::pal't11lenl.of the Oxford P,lper C.Ol:npany,Humford, Maine. During hisstav with lhe. companv he willcOllcenlra(·c Oil lcsearch intnthe I'heological pr()r~~r( ic\ 01paper.

D". n. n. [,:1InoIU11 of theDivision of Anirnal Phvsiolngy, attended a l1lt:eling 01the F,A.O. Expert Panel Oil

Livcslnck Infertilitv in Romclast month. He \'v'ill returll viaCheat Britain and the lJnitedSlales W!lel'e he will have dis~

cllssioll~ witb research \ovorke-rson the reprmhlctive physiologyof cattle with parlicu!.ar rl'fercncc to the endocrinology ofreproduction.

Fl'O!1J t/le Cflmt!l'ff (~I' J'..~I';C Smith, DiJ'i,violl of lJl/ildiug Resem'cIJ.

Dr. I-I E. Albistol1 retiredrecently from lhe position ofDirector of the Velerinary Research Inst'ilule at Parkvillc,Melbourne, and h now aCtingas Honorar\' (·oll~\d(anl inVeterinary Pathology \0 theParkvillc. laboratorv 01' (he ni~

vision of Animal 'I h::alth.

o for the sound or avanished voice ...

Miss L A.I homas, who forlwcllty~six yean; manned theswitch al' tht~ Divisjon ofForest Products. ldt the Division lasl DcCt:mbcl' iO be married. Miss Thollms wa~ prescnlcd with a jewel box and ntravelling rllg as mementoes orher long IIssoci:,llioll with theDivision.

~ .. _N._H ...".*M_.__.._.._._Nn_....M."..._~· ,• •, ,: mnn:• •, I

• •, .•,•••

~.

...

o /.~ --

STAFF

Mr. M. MORIMOTO

Mr. M. Morill1o(o has beenappointed to {he Division ofRadiophysics where he willparticipate ill the Division'sresearch programrne in solar.co~mic, and hydrogen-lineradio astronomy, -Mr. Morinioto completed his M.Sc, althe UniversilY of I"okvn in1957. and for the la,t fewyears has. bcen Research Assistant in Radio As(ronomy at'fokyo Astronomi<.:aJ Obsc'rvatory:

1\1l'. U. S. Pm'kef, a reccntscience graduale of the University of Sydney, has joinedthe Division of Wildlife Research Hnd will be engaged inan ecological study of the wildrabbit population in the SnowyMoulltain high plains .

1\'11'. K. .t. Hu(chinson hashecn appointed to the slafi' ofthe Division of Animal Physi~

ology amI will lead a resea'rchprogramme a( Arlllidale 011 the!!razed plant/grazing animalcomplex. Mr. ]--Iutchillson reccived his M.Sc,Agl'. at SydneyUniversilY in 1955 and haswnrkeJ with the QueenslandDepartment or Agriculture andStock. and the Agricultul'alCollege Department or SouthAustralia.

Dr. e. R. FAULKI~ER

has carried oul research forthe U.K. Alomic Enerl..';YAuthority and at the WeaponsResearch Establishment. Salisbury, South Australia.

Mr. H. T. KELLEHER

of Applied Mineralogy. Sincegradualing Ph,D, I'roln thet inivcrsity of Bjrmingham, he

.Mr. H. T. KcJlchcl', a sciencegraduate from the University01' Sydney, ha; joined the Division of Rad,iophysics. lIe willa~'lisl in the dcvclo[)!TIcnl ofphysical and chemical techniques and equipment llsed inIhe evaluation of cloud seed~

ing experimenls.

APPOINTMENTS TO

·'1lello -1 think 1'/11 on 10 S()IIH}I"i,,"~·.'~

Dr. R. H. eARR

!\t!r. i'. T. Uailcl has beennpl")oinled to the ~tafl of theDivision or \Vildlife Research.Mr. Bailev is a recenl sciencegradlwte ()f the University ofSydney a,nu will assist in research 011 the ecology ot' thekangaroo in the arid zone.

1'\-'11', P. D. UCl'wick has beenappointed to the staff or theDivision of M,cteorologicalPhysics where he will assistwith the technical administra~

lion of the Division, A graduate of University College, London 11C has \.voFked for thelast ten years as a l1'leleorologifit in East Africa.

DI'. C. lot. Faulkncl' has.loined the stall or thl: DivisiOJl

Will! gl,II,·lu! IIrklHII".kd~"lIlt"Jlt

1i'111111111111111111I1111I1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIIIIIII~

MI', A. ]~. Andrews, a re<:entscience gr~duale of the Uni R

\ier~ity of Sydney. has joinedthe Division of Wildlife Research where he will assist inresearch on the ecology of thewild rabhlt in the arid zone.

D... R. 11. ('lilT has been appointed to an eighteen rnollt!lsPost Doctoral r·'ellowship withIhe Division of Phvsics Dr.OllL who received his Ph,D.from lowa Stale Universlly recently. will investigale proper'lies of metals HI tempera luresapPI'oacbing absoiutc zero.

047-1963

CORE RCHFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O. STAFF - NUMBER 48, MELBOURNE. MARCH 1963

I·~··_···W..__ ~ ..~ ..•__.._.·······_.· __··~_·_···_· _.._-.._- ..-- - - '

___________ ~ . . ._...__ .a_._..__. .__._. . ._.__.~R~~M"A_~

a petrological study of thegreat llrokcn Hill lode and therocks in its immediate ellw

vironmcnt.In 1922-23 he visited the

mining {lclds of Europe,South Africa ancl the UnitedStales, where he gained an insight into mincragraphy --- thestudy of polished surfaces ofthe opaque ore minerals withthe reflecting microscope, H lineof invesligation then III its infancy.

On his return to Australiahe applied the new techniquesin a study of the mineral composition of the Broken Hilllode, which revealed at oncethc economic and scien\ iliepossibilitie~ of mineragraphicstudie5.

1n 1927 he was appointed asResearch Petrologist to tl"LeCouncil for Scienlilic und In··duslriat Research lo continucmincmgraphic researcb. Helaler llCCl:lll1C OnkCl'-in-Chargcof the Mincragraphic Section.

His mineragraphic studieswere inlcnuph;d to make ageological survey of the Ka1goodie goldIield, then in a decline,

1 his survey, undertaken un·del' the auspices o[ the cornprchensivc geological and pet~

rologicalstudy of th~ field.brought into conjunction datapreviously kept separate in lheprivate files of the individualmining companies, and contributed materially to the subsequent revival of the field,

It was followed up by amineragraphic study, ~q\1ally

comprehensive, of the Kalgoor~

lie ol'cs---yct another m"jorcontribution to geology, thistime o[ the telluride minerals.

1n the slIcceeding twenty-fiveyears, unlil his retirement in1953, Dr. Stillwell built theMineragraphic Section into aunit which achieved worldstanding, and made a majorconlribulion la the Australianmining inJustry, examiningores, mattes and slags, tracingthe causes of losses in recoveryin gold, copper, lead and tinOrc'i. and checking the effici·ency of milling methods, AIMmost every major orc depositin Australia has received someshare of its attention,

01'. Stillwell, himself, Jlllb~

1i.lJhcd morc than 50 scicntfftcl-mpcI'S) mu) achieved u gcological experiencc unique inAusfrulia.

rhe Royal Society of Victoria, of which he was Secretary and Editor for manyyears l made him its Presidcnt.The Royal Society of NewSouth Wale" in 1951. awardedhim Hs Clarke McmorialMedal, struck in memory ofthc first Australian geologist.

The Australasian Institute ofMining and Metallurgy, ofwhich he was nn active mcmbel', gave him in 1949 itshighest honour -"- lhe InstituteMedal. l-le was crealed Cl Corresponding Member of theGeological Society of America,tlle highest honour that bodyCEln bestow upon a foreigngeologist.

Dr. Stillwell was awarded ana.B.B. for his services to theAustraliun mining industry,and in 1954 he was elected aFellow of the AustralianAcademy of Science.

Dr. Frank L. Stillwell, one of Australia's foremostgeologists, and a world authority on minerals, .lied on8th February after a short illness. He was in hisseventy-HUh year.

])1'. SjjJ]well gl'adualed at theUniversity of MclboUl'ne ill1911, unci uncI' n short pcriodof I'csem'ch, went south withJ\rfnwsoll, as a g(!o]ogi"I' on 'theAusll'alllshm Alllardic EXllcdi.lion 01' 19U-1914.

He mapped a considerable section of the coastline of Adcl ieLand, and made an extensivecollection of tbe rocks oul w

cropping along this section ofthe Antarctic coast.

A petrological study of thisrock collection, published inthe- Expedilion's reports underthe tille "Metamorphic Rocksof AcJeJie Lnnd", attractedworld - wide intercst, andbrought him his doctorate.

In it Dr. SlillweH introducedthe concept of "metamorphicdilTerenliation", a process nowrecognized as fundamental inthe tormation of metamorphicrocks.

in \916 he enlisted in IheA.l.E, but after a short periodof IT\i1itary service wa~seconded to scientific investigation.

He then became Secrelaryand Investigalor on gold rc~

scnreh to the CommonwealtbInstitute o[ Sci~nce and Industry, and made an extensivesludy of the OCCl1rrence of goldin tbe quartz reefs of Bendigo,in lhe course of which hemade a second major contribution to geological thought hydemonstrating the Hreplacement" origin of the quartzreefs.

J11 rccognition of this outstanding work bc, was awnrdedthe Synw Ill'ize- or the- University of :\'1elbourne, and wasm~ule a Hcseal'ch Fellow ofHla' institution,

In the succeeding ycars heassisted the Mines Departmentof New South Wules in itsstudy of the Broken Hill di,trict. Dr. Stillwcll conlributed

Death of Dr. Stillwell

Mr. Co M. Stewa..l, ofthe Divisiun of ForestProducts. has flllfllled therequirements for the degreeof DOi:tor of Science in theUniversity of Melbourne.His thesis WaS entitled"Sluuies on the Chcmistryof Wood Substance, withparticular reference to thespecies Eucalypflls regnansF. MucH".

DI'. C. H. GaJlngher, ofthe Divi'ion of AnimalHealth, has been awardcJthe degree of Doctor ofVeterinary Science by theUniversity of Sydney. Hi'thesis was entitled "Studieson the niochemicnl Basis ofPathologytl,

DoctoratesMt·. C. J. "rady, of the Fodder Conservalion Section,has been awarucd the Ph,D.degree of the University ofAberdeen. The work for histhesi'>, entiLlud "Chemistryof Nitrogenous .Materialsin Plant Leaves", was carried out at the Rowett Research Institute.

The Millister·in-Charge ofC.S.I.R.O. has approved theappointment at onc industrialist and two graziers to the Advi,nry Council of C.S.I.R.O.

rhe industrialist is Mr. CoG. McGruih, of Melbourne,the Chairman of Directorf) ofRepeo Ltd.

The graziers arc Mr. ColinKclly. U.Agr.Sc., of Cararuut,Victoria, and Mr. l). J. Young,B.Ag.Sc., of Kybybolite. SouthAll~tralia. Mr. Young went toEngland in 1960 as the J\uffield Farming Scholar.

Mr. C. M. Williams, ofSouth Australia, and ProfessorH. C. _Forster, of M'clhourne,have retired from the Council.

Advisory Council

liThe gift rencclsMJ'. Pye'sstrong sense of public spiritand c.xemplifies his preparedness to help tbe pastoral in~

dll."lry in which he hHd beenengaged all his life," said SirFrederid.

GRAZIER GIVES USA SHEEP STATION

The I"'ol,erty, which is called"Gcl'ahka", ,is at Stockinbingal, near Coolumundra, illNew South Wales. It can cuny10,000 Mcl'iuo shcell as well assome cnHlc, and two thousandnc}'CS l\rc sown down 10 whcut.On curl'ent mul'lw! vnlues~ theI)ro)le.rty is wOI·th upprox\malely £250,0011.C.S.LR.O. already has two experiment stations in southernNew South Wales, and theproperty itself w.ill not be usedfor agriculluffll research.

Mr. Pye has willingly givenhi~ consent [Dr C,S.l.R.O, tosell the property, find to usethe proceeds of the sale to setup ail F. C. PyeResearchFund. I'he Executive utC.S.l.R.O., as trustees of thefund, will use the money to SllP~

port research which is likelyto bendit the pastoral indllstry.

Sir Frederick While, in expressing apprecialion of 'My.Pye's decision to give "Geral~

dra" to help finance rC5eareh,said that this was the largestprivate gift ever given toC.S.I.RO.

APPOINTMENTS VACANT

A prominent New South Wales grazier, Mr. F.C. l'ye, has decided to present an 8,500 acrepastoral property to C.S.I.R.O.

Above is an Ht'tisf's imlJl'cssion of the new headqual'tcrs building which is to bc huilt 1'01' the Division of Land. u.cseal'ch andUegimml SUl'vey ut Black Moulllain, Canberra. A cOlltmet for £150,777 IIOs heell let 10 A.C.T. fiuildet·s l'ly. Ltd. Work onfhe foundutions has ull'cncly shutcd, and the buHding is eX]Jccied to be l'omplcted by the end of this yeul'.

The following vacuucics 1'01' professiol11l1 appoinimcllls are('ul'rcnl:-

EXPERIMENTAL OFFICER 'E.D. 1/~)-Di\'isiulI of Chemicat

PlllI1\~SI8~g?'I'(:{~'~~/~~l.lil,t. )---Di,'isioll uf Cllt'luinil l'hysio. JOl/I'1

(~~EsY~XkcH APPOINTMENTS IN RADIO AS'J'}{ONO:MY (JtO.)

DiE~I~I~.:Nf~tl~~i1J~1~si{~jfi{lW2A"~~t~~~~h I~t·) --DivisioJl of Planl In

dU[{Xt)d{:il~llr~l(~tll·g\~}.l~EIt(E-O. 112;'--DlvisioH of Textile Illdus

trltE~~~I,<iPi~l}M()\t':~~Ig~it (R,O./S.R.O.)-----Divisi{lll 01 Wildlifl~ Rt'·~{'ardl. .5liO/l:n (March 15J.

CllEMICAL ENGl:";-E,ER {R,O./S.R,O. )-"Divi~ioll o( Coal Rc~caldl.

43if~i,~I~n:gf~rl~{L {)FFlCF.R (E.O. 1/'l.j····t\(I1tll'uIIl1l'al R{,H·'lfl~h

SeRtSI~I\':l~~f{~O~t\'E~~llk~j (S.R.O./P.R.O. l--- Divisioll of MiTleralClwlHistr)·. GOl/11 (April 1'2.).

RESEARCIl OFFICER (R.O,/S.R.O.)-----Coll1puting Rt".~elll'ch ~rcliol1.

900/:1 trdav 11).

~, (;'o'(ilf'. ~ '--""" '\

048##1963

Research on the Other Sidepf the South Pacific

I'rum the Australian scientists' point of view, Chile',~

~cogn\JJhic positiun in the snmcsoufheru lafUudes, hel' jmlcuntologicnl c()nJleclioll~ wHh Aus~

trulia nlld New Zenland andher ecological panorama, withits many shnilfll'Hies to our»I\1't or the world. make it' all

intcresiing counfry.

The geologist, botanist, foresler, entomologist marine biologist. agronomist and workers in rcIalcd sciences wouldfind a visit interesting amIworthwhile. If thev were ableLo arrange a longer stay, theywould be cordially welcomedby their Chilean' colleagues.who practically all speak English.

The Universit·y of Conceptionhas the unusual distinction ofbeing financed by a lottery.

Similarities

The Vice-Rector. Professor1. Hirschmann. who is incharge of solar energy work.recently visited Australia a~ aVice-President of the V/oddPower Conference.

Last. but not least, the "Universidad Tecnica del Estado".foundcd in 1947 (2,500 students), incorporates the olderSchool of ] ndustrial Engineersin Santiago and a number oftechnical schools and coJlegesin the provinces.

Up to the present, its research haR been limHed to thesolution of engineering problems. but its educational workat lhe tradesmen and technicians levels is of inestimablevalue to Chile,

One of Chile's smaller universities--the Technical UniversityFederico Sanh Maria, Valparaiso, The student body num..bers only 400,

Small UniversitiesThe "Univcrsidnd Aush'al"

in Vnldivin was cl'cal,cd in1954 to truin agricultural amiforest enginecrs and vctcrinm'YSlJq~cons, In spilc of severe(hHna~C in the 1960 eal'th<Iunkes, it has IlOW about 400shulenfs, and some rcsearchhtls all'eady Aot lImlcr WHy OU

fhe pathology of domesticbil'ds and ca~Hc, on insec.IHtl"Usites of anlU(~nl"in frces, onnatural regeneration of in~

di~~cllous fore,fits. ulld 011 forestproducts.

The Tec11J1ical UniversityFederico Santa Maria in Valparaiso is named after itsfounder. who endowed it in1931. Intensive study is carried Ollt in small classes, andthe student body is only 400.

The University has wellequipped laboratories and isdoing interes.ting work on electron microscol?Y of the structure of clays. Isotherms of saltsolutions, properties of variotlscxtractives of Chilean planls,and utilization of solar energy.

Its recently .inauguratedGraduate School provides advanced courses leading to thedegree of "Doctor of Engineering".

vVork is being done onmelallurgy. mineralogy, solu{ions. reaction kinetics, vegetahle proteins in relation toplanl growlh, and appl i.dwood chem istry.

The pharrnacologist.s arelooking into plant alkaloidsand bromatology, whereas theMedical School has been in~

veslignting endotoxic aspects01' the shoek syndrome. TheFaculty of Agronomy. locatedin Chill{w, undertakes researchon animal health, plant jntro~

duction and the nitrogen balance in soils,

Lottery FinancedIn spite of its recent' fou(J(ln~

lion (l923) and the dalllagedone hy two nm.iol' cllrth~

(Ilmkes, the University of Con..ccpci61l (2,000 siudents) is 3nadivc research centre. If IUtsthe dislinclion of being linnoced b~f a ]oUcry.

Because or its location in anindustrial zone with blast fur~

naces, slcel works and paperfaclories nearby, chemistry occupies an important posHionin its research programme.

"La Chile"The fil'si oIHcial ChileHIl uni

vcrsit.v (S-an .FeJipc) was founded in 1738, but was replnced iu18....3 by the present HlJnlvcrsidud de Chile". "La Chile" nowhH~ over 12,()()(} studellt~.

The large Facully of Physical and Mathematical Sciencescomprises the engineeringschools anti several institutesspecializing in topics SllCh asstrength uf maLerials, metallurgy, cosmic radiation, andseismology, which is of su~

pl"cme importance in Chile.

Researc;h .in chemistry andpharmacology is concenLratedon natural producls and phytochemistry, but is also concerned with organo~.tnell1l1ic

c.omplexes, polarography. bio~

chemical phosphates, and othertopics.

The Faculty of Agronomy isworking on plant and anirnaJparasites, silviculture and forest products.

The Catholic University ofSantiago, founded in 1888,now has some 3,500 students,and another Z,OO£) are ill theCatholic Univcrsity of Valparaiso. Research is mainlydone in specialized Institutesof the Faculties of Science andMedicine.

Of inte.rest are projects onthe fine structure of spectra ofhigh-temperature slars, on therelation between earthquakesand gcomagnetic tlucitmtions,and on extracLives of Chileanplanls.

Research on physical prop~

ertias of materials is mainlyconllncd to undergraduatetheses and concerns structuralengineering, acoustics, thermalconductivity, and so on. In theFaculty of Agronomy, a largesurvey of soils on ::i nat ionaIscale 'is in progress.

and rclalivcly well equipped,but research is mosLlv confinedto the short-term s(llu!ion ofapplied problem ....

ing a survey on the workvaluc of Technical SlarLDiscussion on these planscould fairly be described asvigorous, but honest ditTercnces of opinion are usuallya heallhy si gn and evcntuallya satisfactory compromisewas reached.

The survey wi II be conducted by a sub-committeelocaled in New SouthWales. Two well-knownmembers of ihis committeearc Messrs. Eric Murrayand Bill Menzics.

A questionnaire on workvalue will shorlly be givento every member and thecommittee would appreciatethe early return of compleled forms.

Wc plan to present thoseeligible for membershipwith a membership formand a questionnaire, Thistangible evidence that theAssociation is "in t\lcretrying" may well promptsome of our "passengers" tosign on Ihe dotled line. Wehope they will,

Permission for the surveyhas been given by theC.S.I.R.O. Execulive, andDivisional Chi e f san clOmcers-in-Cbarge have beennotified accDrdingly.

of £A25 million, of which £4[0 5 million is earmarked (orresearch.

By Jaw, one half per cent.of direct taxation revenue isal10tled to research; thisamounts to about £( million.The remainder is contributedby the national budget, international assistance prognul1S,donations, and (to a small ex..tent) projects sponsored byChilean industries,

Some five or six hundredtmhrcrsiLy people are classifiedas research ofTiCCl'S in scienceor engineering, and aootherfour hundred or -so in medicine and dentistry. Some ofthese are parl~time staff, and!;omc hold administrative positions,

A recently formed "Councilof Rectors" of all universitiesco-ordinates research projectsand allocates the funds provided by direct taxation tothose it considers of greatestimportance.

Natural ResourcesChile's pl'escn( ~ituaUolI

might lie cmJlVlll'cd to AlJs~

tl'llliu's situation ill the' 1920's.The most m'gent need i~ ,'innthe U[JIUuis1l1 and utilization of'~he natul'ul resources or HIecomdl'Y·

Agricultural and biologicalsciences, particularly system~

aUes and taxonomy, mineralogyand metallurgy, occupy important positions, whereasbasic work in phys.ics andchemistry is pursued by a .fewspecialists.

One of the most importanttasks of Chilean unive.rsities isthe training of competent andversatile engineers, Engineeringfaculties are generally large

Onc or these concerllcd awork-value survcy ant) anapproach to the Executiveon restori 11~ the formersalul'y I'clutiollship betwcenTcdmical OfJicers alldEx~

pCl'imcn(al OIliccrs.

Mr. W . .1. Menzies, NewSouth Wales Chairman, hadmade a special trip topresenl some New SouthWales proposals to tbe meeting. Mr. E. A. Lawtol1, of-Mikl11ra, also attended as anobserver.

Paragraph 13(ii) of theConstitution was amendedto reau H:o; foHows:---"ThePast President shall be theretiring President and shallhold ollicc for the yearfollowing that in which heheld olTIcc as President,unless he ceases to be amem bel' of !he Associali onduring that period. In theevent of lhc olncc of PastPresident becoming vacant,it shall not be filled duringthe year in which it fallsvacant."

As the Past President isnot an elected olliccr l1e w.illnot havc a vote in Councildecisions.

Two allcrnal.ive planswere proposed for conducl-

Past Presidents and Future ProposalsThe (irst 1963 meeting ot CentmJ Council, ou 25thJanuary. had several important matters on theagenda. The role ot a Past President was clarifiedby an amemhnent to the Constitution aud plans toraction Oil several questious were resolved.

Few Australians thinl, much about their eastel:n :neighbour, Chile, one of the few countries whiclJ\_!have a cOl11mon land border with an Australian .Territory (at the South Pole!).

by W. G, KumnrmDr. W. Ci. Kauman. of theDivi\'ion of Porest Products,is at jJl'e,'1cnt OH an. P.A_.O.(lsst'gl'uncnt in Chile. He willbe there' until June, 1964,and would be very happyfo answel' enquiries unduive persorwl (lssistw!ce toanv Australian scientist if/tell dill/< to vish Chile.

UniversitiesRCSC1\l'ch in the sense or

eliciting new facts i~ confined~Ihnost clI(jJ'l~ly (0 the sevenuniVCl'siHcs. The total Humberof shulcnts is ahout 24.000

(1960), of whom some fbirfypct' cent. arc sjudying scienceund engine~l'ing lInd ten PCI'cent. medicine and dentisfry,Of the ~raduute~ produced in[960, about 11 fifth were scien~

(ists (includin~ some high'ichool teachers) 01' engineersand ~lI1ofhcl' nrth in the Illcdiwcar and denhd faculties.

The combined budgets ofthe universilies are of the order

Chileans und Auslrulians weregood fl'icnds 1111<1 ~nulillg pud...nCl'S in the days when wind~

,immncl's I'oundcd CU[)C H01'1Ito go home (0 England.

Chile has not forged ahead asspectacularly as Australia inthe last generation. though shedoes 110t lack resources, andthough her eighl million peopledo not mind hard work ifthey scc a good reason for it.Today Chileans are lrying todevelop {heir country, andChilean leaders arc beginningto reaHzc that science is basicto development.

048-1963

latent. within those who cameto work tmder him.

Among the many honoursbestowed on him were theVerco Medal of the Royal Society of South Australia, adoctoral.c of science from theUniversity of Adelaide, andthe H. G. Smi.lhMcmorialMedal 01' the Royal AustralianChemical institute.

Dr. C. S. PIPER

l-le has been President of theRoyal Australian Chemical Institute (South Aus!. firanch)and also of the Royal Society01' South Australia.

.His collcngues wish Dr. andMrs. Piper a long and happyrc{irclncl1t.

o 0

~fff!tt."""'~~~c:.tQ>0~_~o

o -

o .'

Uiomicl'oh:rdrogeochcmist: A very small, wet geochemistwho likes lettllce.

Micl'ohydl'obiogcochcmisl: One who studies flora insmall bodies or water and their rclatiol1ship to underlyingrock strata by lIsing chemical methods.

I\'licl'ohiohydl"ogeochemisl: One who studies small floraand their rehltion to underlying rock strata by using chemical methods Hud skindiving equipment.

DiohydnnuiCl'ogcoehcmist: A very small geochenYist whostudies the effect 01' plant life on hydrology.

Hydi'obioUlicl'ogeochcmisf: A very small gcochemist whostudies wet plants.

I f I,' / I " j I I / / / I I I f J I

/, I I, t ( I I I I I I I! I I '._""'i ." .. .:.: ..,i~1" ...

Dr. C. S. Piper RetiresDr, C. S.Piper I'etired recently after an association ofthirty-eight years with the Waite Agricultnral ResearchInstitute and the C,S.I.R.O. Division of Soils.

In the yeurs before he becnmcfHlI't~liJl\e senior chemist forthe Division of Soils in 1944,DI". Piper worked wilh ]lrofcs~

SOl" J. A. )l'escoU on fhe Mal..lee Soils Hnd the ll.ed Urownl~m·ths. He became un ~Hithorify L

on (race elcments in soils mnIplanls, working I1l'st on lII:\n..gnnesc, and then on hOl'on,rOIJPCI', zinc and molybdenum.

In 1942 he published "Soil andPlant Analysis" which was reprinted a number of times inAustralia and the United Slatesand translatecl into Polish. Hhas been widely accepted as astandard text.

He became full~time leaderof the Soil Chemistry Sec lionof the Division of Soils in1956 and turned his attentionto the ava i1abilily of phosphorus and potassium in soils.

Through his own work andby his leadersblp, backed bya long experience in the tackling of soil problems. Dr.Piper has made an outstandingcontribution to the uevelop·ment of soH chemistry in Australia.

By nature unassuming andretiring, he was quick tobring to full fruition the personal qualities which were

M,·. .T. LillSeft, of the Divisionof Plant fndustry, left recentlyfor the United Kingdom. Hewill spend eight months withProfessor ]-lallsworth in theSchool of Agriculture, University of Nottingham.

Me.SI·s. W. J. Lovetl and D.C. Wark, of the Division ofPlant Industry, left last monthfor Rhodesia, where they areattending the Third WorldScientific Tobacco Congress atSalisbury. Mr. Lovelt will return to Australia via theUnited States and Japan.

DI·. n. W. IPosellcr, of theDivision of Applied Physics, isvisiting vari()us research institues in Europe and the UnitedSlat'es. He has jusl attendedthe Third International Symposium on Qllantum Electronics in Paris.

1)". T. R. Scolt, of the Division of Mineral Chemistry, leftlast week for America, wherehe will attend a symposium ofthe American Institute of Mining, M"etallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers at Dallas,Texas. He wi11 then visit Argentina, where his patentedprocess for alumina extractionmay find application.

New Year Honours'Mr. E. Angus Jones, ViccM

Chairman of the CampaignCommittee of the Ian CluniesRoss Memorial Foundation,was created CM.G.

M... E. H. Lee Steere, Ch"irman of the Western AustralianState Committee, was awardedthe C.B.E. for his services tothe pastoral industry.

·Ml·. Mnul'ice Mnwb.v, amember of C.S.I.R.O.'s Victorian State Committee and aformer member of the Advisory Council, was knightedin the New Year Honours, SirMaurice is Chairman of Conzinc Rio Tinto of AustraliaLld.

Mr. G. E. SHERBINI

Early in February, MI'. G. ItSherhini, of Egypt, arrived atthe Division of Forest Pl"O~

duclS under an Australian Inlernational Award Scheme fel~

lowship.Mr. Sherbini will study an

aspects of wood technology andwill be in Australia for abouttwo years. He is a graduate ofthe University of Cairo and anofficer of the Ministry of Agriculture in Egypt.

Two Visitors'0... Al'thur ElIioH, a distinguished British spectroscopistwho has specialized in studiesof the infra~red spectra ofpolypeptides and proteins formany years, is visiting theWool Research Laboratoriesfor a period of four months.

During his stay he will givethe ,Fourth Series of ParkvilleProtein Lecturc5 in 'Melbournetowards the end of March.

Dr. EHiott, who is accompanied by his wife, wi11 bebased in Melbourne but willvisit and lecture In othercentres.

~.~.~.!~~'~~"'~h'~1:~~OTL~ES ~.~;;;1Wilh lhe <lenth or Arlhm' ,pCl.'t t.he nc.xt two y.ears wOlk- BAAS RECKING fhl' Melbourne Herald !lml a story about Dr.Thlll'lhy Dnllll, on 15th De- ing in this lield at the Lister Roman Bisqne, It chemistry professor at the Coloradof~~~1~:';:e~:,~,2~hfl~~li~:;~'~;~~~'\::::; Institute with W. T. 1. MOI- ~'~,~::'e:;~1 4~::UlJnlll::,~.Cy'k,ill~95,w~I,~ School of Milles, who is fed lip wilh the SillIer-special.

gan . . f" t'!o.:crvcd it well for over thil'tyR Ijuring this period he took DcvcIllcr, Holhllld, nnd died in IsatlOIl 0 ,sewn 1St-so ..,three years. th~ Prcgl COlJrse in micro- Canberra Oil 7,h ,lmllHH'Y, He. saY8 "It has almost mm,le. reahly oJ Anstophanes'sArthur Dann wa~ born al chemistry at Gruz and on hi'i 1963. He was a distinguitihed Wlll.I11SY a~)Dut th~ nos~ "ipc~JalJst who coul,d n.ot treat .uCa~tlemainc, Victoria, in 1905. return to Australia in 1937 he hiologisl whose encyclopedic patlent WIth an mfectIOn 01 the left nos{nl because hl~lIe was educated at the WR'l located ~t the newly~~slab- kllowlcd,~c and brilliallt intcJ- Held was the right nostril.Cust1emaine High School, of Iished Animal Health Research Iccl nllowcd him (0 ('over UdCM Dr. Bisque has composed his own list or definitions:~I~~ho~cl~va~~ll\~~~:_~l~9CJ~i~l~1~ Lnborato.ry,~ Pnrkvill\ where ~l~~~ljt:~r~ l:lIl:lcl:nr~,il?Cth~~~g~vtW~ of specialists:sity on a Senior Governrnent h~ continue to WOI" until hi" ideas. Hydl'omicl"obiogcochemis(: One who studies small under-scholarshilJ to lake a science IllS death. h' PI D S water Ilora and their relationship to underlying rock strata,Iegrec'. After some years investi~ He took IS 1,. Ht tal1 M bv mdng chemical methods.

gating the antigenic structure ford in 1921 and his D.Sc. atHe completed his H.Se. in of specific micro-organisms, he Utrecht (cum laude) in the r~

1926 and gradualed M.Sc. in reverted to his original prob- same year. At Stanford he be- .'1928, winning the Wyselaskie came Professor of Economi<..~

Scholarship in Natural. Science Uotany and Herzstein Profes~ ~and the Dixson Reseurch SOl" of General Physiology and ~,j~Scholarship in Chemistry. returned to Holland as Prores- __~_~ .~

He stayed on in the Chcmis- sor of General Botany at ____try Departmlmt working with Lcyden.Dr W. Davies on organic In 1939 he became Directorcompounds of fluorine, until of the Butanic Gardens athe accepted an appointment Buitenzorg, Java. During thl-:with C.S.I.R. in ]929. Europcan war he was active in

After a short period in the the Dutch underground move-Biochemistry Department with ment, his exploits winning forProfessor W. J. Young, he him the Netherlands Militaryjoined Dr. L. B. Bull (then Medal and a Knighthood 01'Director of the S.A. Govern- the Netherlands Lion.ment Laboratory or Pathology From 1949 to 1950. Profes-and Bacteriology) in Adelaide, sor Baas Becking was Deputyto work with him and the Jate Chairman and Director of 'Rc~c. G. Dickinson on haema- search for the South Pacificrurin l'esicalis of caale. Mr. A. T. DANN Commission, and in lC))l heA~ the Council's work on lem, haematuria. examining the became Emeritus Professor of

5tock diseases expanded and complex mixture o! organic Botany at the University ofwas organized within Cl DiviM substances in cattle urill~. Sydney.si on of Animal Health. with Mot'e recently he linked up He later Joined the Divisionthe late Dr. J. A. Gilrmh 'IS with the team interested in the of Fisheries 01' C.S.I.R.O. andChief, a laboratory was estab- biological activities of pyrroli- worked on th~ microbiall'ishcd at ()onoonba to tackle zidinc alkaloids. In this field. c1H~mistry of the es.tuanne en-problems of the Queensland he contributed lo the c1ucida- vironment

jto which he made

cattlc industry. tion of the mechanism by a valuable contribution. rler'he need for a chemist with wbich these alkaloids produce continued this work. at the

a wide range of capabilities in chronic liver di~ease and lo Bureau of Mineral Resourcesthe Oonoonba team was soon the recognilion of the prob. where the emphasis was on thereH and Dann was transferred able role of cobalt in pTotectM microbial deposition of min-to Townsville in 1933 to work ing the grazing fuminanl from cl'Uls.with Dr. A. W. Turner and hepatosis. At the time of his death. he01'. R. B. Kelley on the disease, The full value o[ Arthur was writing a book on Geo-•IPeg-Leg" of cattle. Dann's contribution to the biology which covered a vast

Once thepl'ogrammuwas sel work d'f ·the Division··· cannot neldaTld'expounded·· many 'oflip, however, the chemical be properly appreciated, how- his brilliant i:md oftcn stafl~work became largely routine ever, without taking into ac- ling ideas. He strongly advoMand could be carried on by count the very real assistance c~tted the synoptic view ofothers ancl Danll went to Eng- that he was able, and always biology and deprecated theland in 1935 to familiarize willing, to give from his wide llalTOW view and limited "field

knowledge of ch~mistl'Y and of study which so often ch1.\l'-his ability as a mathematician, acterises modern research.in the work of the many col- He believed (hat nature isleagues who consulled him 011 a continuum and must bethese aspects of theIr problems. studied as such. "Everything is

He was of a retiring disposi~ everywhere, and requires thetion and in every sense a right envil'onmental conditionsgcntleman. His aitilnde was to makc its presence felt" wasalwavs one of kindly helpflll- his dictum.ness . to others and seH-cfrHce- It was a privilege to havement. He rerna ined a bachelor, known Baas Hecking, and hisbut his kindly nature endeared associates found him everhim to the children of his stimulating.~E.J.F.W.friends, relatives und colleagues. Christ'mas was always

.a ~'~Sy ~~~e f,~r ~~:.~ capable Overseas VI·SI·tsphotographer, a keen hikerand had u very real appreciation of music. It was characteJistic of him that he alwayslook two season tickets forthe A.S.C. concerts so that hecoulcl invite others to share hisenjoyment.

Arthur Dann will be assadly missed by his wide circleof personal friends as he willbe by his scientific colleagues.--A.T.n.

048-1963


Printed by C.S.T.R.O. Melbourne

The International Potash Institute (Derne) has organizeda competition for young research workers in which prizeswill be awarded for papers onthe chemical. biological orphysiological role of potassium in the soil, in the vegetable realm or in the animalorganism. including the fieldof human nutrition.• A sum of 4,000 Swiss Francs

will be awarded as prizes.o Competitors must be under

forty years of age.• Both published anu unpub

lished papers may be enlered provided that theywere eompleted in 196\ or\962,

• The text, of papers complying with the above conditions must reach the International Potassium Institute,30 Zieglerstrasse. Berne(Switzerland), not later lhanApril 30. 1963.Further information may be

obtained from Head Offiee.

Potash Prize

Money IsAvailable

The Laboratories CreditUnion Co-operative (Sydney)has funds available for loansup to £500. A lien on accumulated superannuation contributions is generally satisfactorysecurity.

Moneys 011 loan at presentexceed £50,000. Prospectiveborrowers should eontael theSecretary, Stan Ryan, at theAdministrative Office, or anyDirector of the Co-operative.for furlher detaiis,

A Rotary Foundation Fellowship is available for the year1964-65, Applicants must besingle male Australian citizens.between the ages of 20 and29 on 1st July. \964.

The Fellowships are calcuiated 10 cover the cost of Ihereturn fare. tuition fees, booksand educational supplies. living for one academic year andlimited travel in the countryof study,

Applications are required by15th March. Further particulars may be obtained fr0111Head Office.

RotaryFellowship

of Chemical Engineering. Agraduate of the Universities ofBil'lningham and Cambridge.he recently held a Commonwealth Fund Fellowshil,' at theUniversity of Califorma, Bcrkeley.

Mt·. P. J. "aid has been appointed to the stafl o[ theDivision of Mathematical Statistics. He will be stationed inMelbourne at the Division ofForest Products. Mr. Pahl recently completed an honoursdegree in mathematics at Adelaide.

A Visitors' Day will be heldat the Falkiner MemorialField Station on 27th Mareh,Visilor' will have the opportunity to inspect and discusscurrent irrigated and dry]andpasture experiments.

DeniliquinField Day

I)... D. G. Ncwsoll1 has beenappointed to a three~year fellowship in the Division ofProtein Chemistry. For the lastthree years he has been work·ing for his Ph.D. at the Institute of Cancer Research inLondon.

Dr. C. F. Soo Hoo, a graduate of the Universities of California and Illinois, has beenappointeu to the slaft' of tbeDivision of Entomology. Hewill study Ihe ecology of pasture pest species in the NewEngland area.

Dr. C, F. 500 HOO

Dr. K. J. Reid is now enroute to Australia to take upa position with the Division

'When the GI'Hvediggcl's Come',hy Rohe"j Amos (the ),JaywrHing altcr ego or DobSchocnfcld, of HIC .EditorialSccHon), will have ifs first pcrR

fornmncc towm'ds (he end ofMareh al Ihe Emel'llld HillThe~ltl'e, South Melbourne.

The Emerald Hill is a smallbut fully professional theatrewhich. during the past year.has earned much praise fromnewspaper critics for itsimaginative productions.

Bob's play will be directedby well-known producer, WalCherry. Casting is now in progress, and leading roles will beplayed by L10yd Cnnningham.Stnart Weller llnd GeOl'geWhaley,

The play won equal firstprize in the Sydney JournalistsClub playwriting comr.etitionlast year. It was deSCrIbed asHthoughtful. powerful and dramatic".

A radio version of anotherRobcrt Amos play. HA Country for Proud People", was recently broadca,t by Ihe A.B.C.

Dr. A. J. Miehcll has joinedthe stalf o[ Ihe Wood Chemistry Section of the Division ofForest Products. A graduateof the University of WesternAustralia, he has just completed a two-year post-doctorate fellowship in Ihe Molecular Spectroscopy Seetion of theCanadian National ResearchCouncil.

Premiere ofPrize Play

Mr. A. J. R. Ilcnnc{t, a petrologist, has joined the statl o[ theDivision of Coal 'Research.Since graduating in geology atLondon in 1952 he has beenon the staff o[ the U.K. National Coal Board's Coal Research Establishment at Cheltenham,

M". I'. D. Ilcl'wick m'rivedin Australia last 1110nth to takeup a tecbnical administrativepost with the Division ofMeteorological Physics. Agraduate of University College,London. he has worked [or thelast tcn years as a meteorologist in East Africa.

Mt·. W. L. Ilrnilhwaite hasjoined the stall of the Divisionof Wildlife Research. where hewill assist the Chief in studieson the ecology of wild ducks.Mr. Brailhwaitc recently graduated in zoology at the University of Sydney.

Or. P. L. C. Gmbb, a graduate of Cape Town and SI. Andrew's Universities. has joinedthe staD' of the MineragraphicInvestigations Section. He hashad field geological experiencein Southern Rhodesia, Bechuanaland, Canada and Malaya.

Miss Mm'gard S. L1oyd,who recently completed herhonours degree at Sydney, hasjoined lbe staff of the Divisionof Food Preservation. She willstudy post~mortem biochemicalchanges in muscle.

Dr. Adele Millel'<! has joinedthe stall' of the Division ofPlant Industry. A graduate ofSydney University. she hasbcen on Ihe slall of lbe WaiteInstitute in Adelaide sincet959. Prior to lhat, Dr. Millerdheld research appointments atthe California Institute ofTcchnology, the University ofSydney. and the McCollumPralt Institute. Jobns HopkinsUniversily,

Mr. J. L. Corbett is en routeto Australia to take up a posilion at the Armidale PastoralResearch Laboratory. A graduate of the Universities ofReading and New Zealand. hehas lattcrly been in charge ofthe Grassland Utilization Section at the Rowelt ResearchInstilutc t Aberdeen.

Dr. G. Garfsirle has joinedtbe staff of the Division ofChemical Engineering. For thepast three years he has beenworking [or his Ph.D. degreein the Chemical EngineeringDepartment, Kings College.Newcastle on Tyne.

Mr. W. L. BRAITHWAITE

Dr. G. GARTSIDE

among the back markers toface the starter at Wungaratta.l3endigo, Stawell, South Sydneyand Canberra. In between theseevents, he may squeeze in asmaller race or two to helpretain his form and he hopes.swell his winnings.

Des's real interest is in thesport itself rather tban theprize money, though he admitsthis has its attractions. :He hasa keen interest in CanberraAmateur Athletics. where he isalready coaching n Humber ofpromising junlors.

When Des retires from competitive running. he intends todevote his leisure hours to thecoaching and lraining ofyoungsters. In Lhe orr~scasoll,

by way of reJaxation. he U11lpires foolball.

Des Leedham, who is in charge ot the Division of PlantIndustry's Correspondcnce Rccords Section in Canberra,recently won the North Sydney League's Club Gift, worth£800 to the winner.

"lie lUllS! be in there so".,ewlu~,.e - he wat'thelping IHe to "'et il upr'

It i'i lhe second riches( 1'00(

race in fhe world, only thencndigo Thousund olIeringhigher 1H'i1.c money.Des ran ofT 4l yards and competed aga Inst most of the topprofessional sprinters in Australia.

A member of a well knownAdelaide sporting family, Descame to Melbourne in October,!l;)6 I. where he fell there weremore opportunities for him inhis cho.'mn sport. At the sametime he Joined C.S.LR.O. anuworked in Head OmccRecordsSection un[il September, 1962,when he was promoted to hisprcse,nt position in Canberra.

Des now has his sights seton other big professionalevents between now and Easter. All being well. be'Il be

048-1963

CORESEARCHFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O. STAFF -- NUI'1BER 49, MELBOURNE, APRIL 1963

NEW CHEMICAL PHYSICS LABORATORY

cosl or purchase price of ahome is rapidly increasing,

The Society has helped manymcmbers to bridge this gap.'Invariably, llle maximum loanof £ 1,000 is sought. Suchloans, together with refunds ofinvested money, have made inroads in the Soci ety':0. resources.Loan repayment money, thoughc01l3i<1erable, IS Hot sull1cicnt (0meet prc~ent cOlnmitmcnts.

[he waiting period for loansis now of [he order of 3-4months. Increased inve~tment

will shorten this period Considerably. All members of theOrganizalion and their closerclatives are eligible to investin lhe Society, Deposits arercfunded on demand but longernutice should be givcn if largeamounts are to be withclrawn.

rh~ following VHt'uncic,l; fm' 1)l'ofessi\llllll appl)illtmcnls 1l1'eCUHellf:~

\(.i IUCL J.TLHAI.\SSESsrvH~:,\'1 OFFICER I R.O,iS. R.n.)

I)IPJ~~~ ~.t rl}nl\;~ Il}Ct;i~~TU'1 'l\~ ~I~. ~\l.'7'~(~n:~~) :iUJ\:L)):~ i~i~',I,~\1},tll )~;:;lltii1l:1~LIlY. I:W/'iHI (April 1:2),

HESEi\[<CIt CIIE;\1I5'1 (S,IUUI',H.o.., ni\i~i\lll III ),-lil1t'fal('\I~ltSlt~'i{( :li,l:I/(I)\'I~fil/rjl{ \ '! it.l). Divi~io\l of RarllnJlhv~il·~. 71\11/1%

i>")I,iI 12).LXPLH.1VtF,T\J UFJo'ICEn FOR :',,If\RSLP1AI, 1,"\\'ESTll;A-

rrO~s (E.().1/2),DI\I~lll\l 1I[ Wlle!td\ Rt~I,U{h ihlJ/lll rApid I-ll(HU;i\:\1( CHEt\lISJ \E 0 [/2) nl'd~1ll1l III \l1"c1I('HH~tl\ ,me!

(;(ti'In]!\I~t:~tiolt:,</;r~'l~ig{ I !;~:ril \\~;)i.1 EO (,lIE!v! 1ST ! E.().I/'2)

nil~~r/rJ{ljSI\!I:iXir~ EI~Wl~[,E~;':1{ (j~t[g:I\{1 (ij~l~ift'I,!;'i:\i(; ISVESTI(;i\

']'1 t~)1~1>\W( ~li I '~~ (Ill):il: j{io;h ~~~, ;1'('1~i\il~jl ;,v,~ir~("Ui;\tj~le~},\I'[~ j'~IH;tlU I):illi, 'p,d ,I);IXI'FRI:\11~"lI\L OFFiCER !S(lIL PIIYSICS 8.: l'\"JECllA:\ICS

'rI8(11(UI~rl~!~,t',~y:lIt)}~'\;1~\i~\~°'c'soir/1JJ.\'~~t:7~,~·Lo~ !E.O.I I'!,')"il \JU:h;IUiIH S"(\;Oll '277/Y!. !/\olif :!li ,HESEAR\'lI OFFiCER (SOl I. MlTlIi\.\'ICS) (ICO.) . Soil M('{'h~

all:'~ S"clioll ·!.IiJ:j1 ~AIH'jl '~(i).

k{,;,:(I~~I:~I:}I~;l~)\~~~~i~~;[~ ~i~~I~J~'i i:~}J~'iyl~i~ & M EC IIAS IC!j) (R.{), ~~Cl E:\TI FIe A~SIST.'\NT TU OFF.'CER-I~-C(JAR(;E (S.S.D.L!,l,Sud ~'I!:C.I,.;H11C~ Sl·~~titm.. 277/'!4 I,Apnt 21».Clll~:vIlSI 1>1 Cltl:.rvIlCAL t.~(,L'\£I·:R m.O./S.R.O.) Divisioll of

('IH')lllnl En,Qill",'ring tiO[l/27 (May '1)[(ES1'.AIU:!1 OFFICJo:RS iR,U./SR.O·i C'lllljJlllilll{ lh'~l'lll"("h Sn

I i"ll, <lll;)i~ l1\4'1\ '11)

Itloll-.I> Nlon (~~'"'''alllted

APPOINTMENTS VACANT

Last llIonth, "Coresearch" relwrted that the LaboratoriesCredit Union Co-operative (Sydney) had surplus fundsavailable for loan.Thb llIoll~h, if'" Mclhomllcbfl~e<l t' 0 U 11 I C I' Ii a r f) (h cC.S,I.H.O. CO-0l'emlive CredilRod er), Limijed, rCllOl't" ashortage Ill' funds.rhe Society urgently Ile~ds investor ... (l) enable it In carryout Illine cneclivelv ils important loan programme wilhinthe Organization. A gilt-edgeds~cllrily inves{lllcnt of «1r, pCI'l.\1I11Um is offered 10 those wishing to place money 011 depositwith lhe Society for 12 monthsor more, I.l)Wer rates arc paidI'm shorter p(:riods.

Many recent loans made bythe Suciety ha vc been forsecond mortgages. The g:ap betWCL'11 advallcc~ made by building societies, insurance companies l or othel linancialinstitutions and the uHimate

./.'

Professor J. B. Speal(mall atthe Division of Textile Physics.

D,', E, W, RUSSEU.

nr. E. H.I. RII~SI~II, Directorof the Eas! Africa Agriculturaland Forestrv Research Organization, Kenya. will retul'l1home shortly after having 5rhmta monlh in Auslralill luoking atsoil re~tarch in C'.S.l.R.O. Dr.Rll'iSelJ ha\ alst) taken theopportunity or seeing sl)\llclhingor thl: .:.,oil wDrk being (.'nn~

ducted by lIniversitic\ and Stateljovernmelll deparlll1cnls.

11l~litut~ tll r~Chll\}lo!!v <iet:hmg

Above is an urtisf"i impressiull of lhe lIew lahoruto-I'y (0 he lmilt for file [)ivisioll of Chemicnl IPhysic.~~ on a fhirly-six Hcre ,,,ilt.'nexl in Mmmsh l:niverlSH\', Melhourne. 11 ,,\·'ill he mUlled the nnvid Rivl'11 Lahol'alory. A con(nlt'( 1'01' £441,750 hlts heen Icl InKcith J. I1(}ol~er lIly. Ltd. nnd Olt.' huilding is eXllcclcd 10 he COIl1IJ'C(c<l in Sel)(clHhcr, 19(j4. The Iuhol'utory, which hm; heendesigned by the Cmnmonwcallh l)epal'hnenl or "lurks, indmles ,,,,pcl'hll "ili'(Jl'fUl'ul (lcsign:-; (0 clhuillafe us far us possihle all\'ibmtion in fhe huHding. This WU!'.i necc:;!'ilII'Y beclluse of the cxtl'cmd) ~;ellsilive nlllm'c of the C(luipmcnf to be installed. Tilehuilding will 1)I'o't'idc accoJllmodation for onc hundl'cd pcople.

Dr. 'F. P. Bowdcn, I<eatler inthe Laboratory I'm Physics andChemistry of Solids, CavcndishLaboratory, Cambridge, andformer Chief of {he Division ofrdhopl1Y~ics. is at present""pending a fortnight ill Au"lralia before llyinp. to Japanwhere he has been asked to givea series of lectures to the Aeronautical Research Inslitute.

\Vhile in Auslralia he willvisit a nUl1lhcr or C.S.I.R,O.laboratories and will lec~lIrc onradiation damage to sol~d" ant~dd'ormalion and frictIOn 01solids lravelling at high spceds,

Prol'essor .I. U. Spcakman,(--lead or lhe Department ofTextile Industries, Ulliversityor Leeds, and President of theBritish Textile InsliLlIle. IS

spending a month visiting Australian wool rescarch l1JboralDrics and aUcnding a llUl11beruf wool research conl'ercnces,

Professor Spcakmall n~cel1tly

addressed a C,S,l.R.O, cnnferencc on ~hrink-prl1()nllg a\Rytle, Sydney, and spo\;"e at j~

symposium at the University nlNew SOllth Walcs 0\1 the fulureor wool

He also opened a confcn::nceon new dcvelopmenbin Ihetextile industry. organized bythe Victorian section of theTextile .Institute al the Gordan

Visitors from Ab,·oad

rhe AlIstrnliun Institute orA g r i t· u I till' a I Sc~encc. hasawarded D)'. R. L. RCHI,.ot theDivision o[ Animnl Phys.JOlog~1the Australiall Medal u1 Av;.n~cultul'Ul Science fOf 1963 101'his ou(shmding cou(ribuHon to(he knowledge or IJl·cgnnnc.~y

toxllcmia of c.wes,

Dr. Rcid l1a:o; establi~hc? anUlllh~r of important pn?clplesrelaling 10 the metabolism ofshe C pan d hail developcdphy:-.iological criteria for deh:nnininJ; the, slate and exte:)lof under nlltrition of ewes ~nlatc pregnancy. ,In doing thiS,he has developed a newapproach lo the litUely o~ th~llutritive requirements of lheprcgnant ewe.

The Instilutc ha~ abo cleC[?UIJrot'essor C. M . .oonull1 ~IS ItsPrcsident for 1963. PfolCSR~rDonald is Professor or Agn~cuhurc at Ihe University. 01Adelaide and I-lead 01' (he Departmenl of Agronom~ at lheWHite Agricultural Researchlnstilute. He was [01' s~l11.eyears an officer with the D1V~~ion of Plant lnduslt'y al~d I~now H member or the AdVIsoryCouncil.

IVh'. C. Lorenz, of the Division of Applied Physics. w~s

recently elected lo mem?ershlpIJf the International lnslitllle orProduction Engineering H.esearch,

HONOURS

The J)rimc Minister (SiI' RollertMCllZics) unnouuccd on 12thMurt:h (he establishment of fenpost-doctural fcllnwsllillS illphysical und hiolo~ic1l1 sdcncc~.

The rcllowship."i\ to he nwnrdcdannuall)'~ will be known ns .theQueen ElizHhcth JI fcllow.':illlps.

Sir Roberl said the felhnYships~",erc the Government's gifl Lol'1l11l1llC1l10ratc the QlI~en's visit10 Canberra I'lli' the juhileeeelebralions.

Full dCll\il\ of the rellow~

ships' arc not yd Known butCiovcrnmenl onicials hope toallllounce plans SOLHl.

rhc Prime Minister made hisanllouncement before the ()lIC~11at an opcl1~air ceremony IIIfront of Parliament House 10honnur Canberrn's jubilee.

rhe Government had soughta lhting way 10 sho~ ,its. ~ppredation of the ()uccn S VISit andto mark it in som~ permanentfa"hiun, he said.

Turning to the Queen, SirRllbcrl :-.aid: "Wc k.now thatyou and Prince PhiliP:lrcdeeply interested in educatIOnand scient ilk research.

"Having these things ill lTli~ltl,wc have decided 10 provideeach year ten pnsl'-doct0r~dfdlnwships \.cnable in 0u:-.tralwill the Vhysl,ca\ and bwlL)glcalsciences

"The fellowships will b~awarded tD any scientists ~)1high distinction from Australiaand Britain on the c'),lpk:lJ:lor slwrt ly after the I r COlTlplclion of their doCLorate" In

philosophy."

rile Queen said sbe was delighted to have her m:ll1cassocialed with the rellowshlps.

"These fellowships' are, astake in the fulure," she said.

ElizabethanScienceFellowships

049##1963

The /)illi.~ion of lluildfllg 1{e,'1eal'ch is imJcdiglll-illg I,he use Of epoxy -res;n.'! r_t.'! 1lralel'illls for b;tuUng 1.(}~eUwJ' ('OJ/lTf!le fJlochs.

Abstracting-AGrowing Problem

Mr. lsbell recently publlshedthe results of n survey of nearly40,000 square miles in a zonein central and southern Queensland and northern New SouthWales comprising the Brigalowbell.

This survey has already beenused extensively by economistsand others concerned with landuse and will be a classic reference for the future, especiallYas vegetation and land usagewill change drastically withdevelopment. .

iiWhen the (~ravcdig~~crs COIIIC'\ by Hohert AltIos (otherwise nob Schocnfeld of Hu:- EdHol'iHI Section) is nowplflying ut the Emel'uld Hill Then(rc, Melhourne. 0111'pidlll'e. shows the uuthor diSCllssinp; u skctcll of thu setwHh the designcr, Jalle NOlTis.

Edgeworth David MedalThe Royal Socicty of New SOllth Wales has awardcd theEdgeworth David Mcdal for 1962 to Mr. R. Ji" Isbcll ofthe Division of Soils.Mr. Isbell hUSCD1'l'ictFout· extensi vc field sUI'veys over thelast tell years in thc undcrdeveloped 20-30 inch minl'lIl1coulIfl'y or Queensland.

He has mapped and assessedlarge arcas almost all of whichwere either virgin land or in arelatively low stage of development

His contribution has been illthe definition of soil resourcesand tbeir relation to land use.

Gencl'nl Tl'cusurcr and l)ub~

licily OfficeI' dose on 22ndApril. These positions musthe filled by N.S.W. mell1hers.

Victorian Branch electionswill be held on ]Oth April.Mr. Brian Banks, of Publishing Section, 'Melbourne,is Returning OlIicer for bothelections,

Branch elections are alsobeing held in other States.

M ost of our candidatesare returned unopposed butplease don't aSsume that allpositions arc spoken forbeforehand, and that it isbad [orm t.o intrude.

If you consider yourselfthe besl man, then let liS

have your nomination.

the recommendations of lheworking party.

Mr. Ives 'JOinted out (hat theli.N.E.S.C.O. \. e 1I 0 \' I W II S.o;:fl'ongly in favour of usingauthors' sUllImaries whcrevcrpossible. since hall' the coslund more Hum hnlf the (imerequired to provide an nbsfracljournal Wl.1S absorbed by the(H'CIIUI'UtiOIl of abstracts.

Authors' abstracts were stillsuspect in many quarters allthe grounds that some authorsexaggerated the importance oftheir own work and that theyl1light include in their abst.ractclaims which were not made inthe paper itself.

However. this could be overcome if the editors of scientifLcjournals were willing to givethe authors' summaries thesame critical scrutiny as theygave la the authors' papers.

I t was clea r from the presentdilliculties in coping with theever-growing volume of scientitk literature that ubstrnctsmust bc improved, said Mr.Ives.

General MeetingsThe Annual General

I\tlccting of the· Associationwill be held 01\ Friday, 24thMay, at the Division oflforcst Products, MelboUl'J1C.The VictOl'inn B)' Un c hCeneral Meeting will behcld on the same night.

We would like a goodattendance, not merely tofurmally approve the usualreports but to hear yourviews and to tell you aboutOllr future plans,

We are offering a newattraction this year - nolilms.

ElectionsNominntiolls for l-fcdcrnl

IJoresidcnt, (;cncral Sccrc.aI'Y~

One of the greatest problems facing the scientist today was that ofkeeping himself informed of what was going on in his particular field,said Mr. W. Ives, Associate Member of the Executive, in his presidentialaddress to the Victorian Branch of the Australian Institute of Agl'iculturalScience last month.It would be enough, he a II 0 wed to continue illsaid, if the problcm wcrc definitely," said Mr. Ives.to find timc to read what "ll was quite possible that if

IC.A.B. had not been so well

must be. rend, or eVec!'. pcr- established prior to the adventhaps what should. be rcad~ I of F.A.O., agricultural ab

"but in fact thc problcm"'t) stmcting might have beenoften boiled down to llmk- ,.,undertaken by the latter 01'

ing thue to trace what l ganization.", , III 1962, U.N.E.S.C.O. issued

simply l1Iust be read from I fi report which drew attentionamongst the enormous mass /to some of the inadequacies of

',of documentatioll availablc. existing abstracting services inthe various branches of science

Tho wm'ld list 01' ,dentilie and technology.periodicals ut IJrcscnl included ASH res 1I I l 0 f t his.aboul 50.000 titles "'ItI WIlS U.N.E.S.C.O. had agreed tlmt ag-rowing every ycnr. number of working parties.It had been calculated that if composed of representatives ofthe number of publications all groups interested in thekept on growing at the present pl'oblcms of scientific documen-rate the total weight of scieo M talion. should be convenedtine publications would in a during 1963.few hundred years exceed the These working parties wouldweight of the earth. work out proposals for prac~

Some attempt was, or course, tieal solutions to the problemsbeing made to cope with this of abstracting and would sub-vast nood of literature by the mit their proposals to a finalpublication of abstrnds, said conference ill 1964 whichMr. [vc,. would be instructed to look for

There were hundreds of ways and means of carrying outjournals containing abstracts, <;"''''''",.,..",..".,..".,..,.,..,.........,....,....,.. ~~_'''''..,...".,..".,..,.,..,.,..,..~."

the more important ones lIsedby the agricultural scientistbei ng Chemical Abstracts, Biological Abstracts and the seventeen separate journals of theCommonwealth AgriculturalBureaus.

The Commonwealth AgriculWm) Durenus were se" up in1928 nnd were an intcg:ml Imrtnf the machinel'Y of the IlrHishE.mpire. They evolved f"om nnappreciation among Empi-recountries of the advan1age ofhaving onc J{r<JUI) to scnn nilthe ngriclIHul'fit litcruture nudto Jll'int ubstracts which all('ould use.

With the gradual evolutionof the Commonwealth ofNations from the formerBritish Empire the administrative arrangements for C,A.B.had undergone a number ofchanges.

Contributions were made bymember countries 011 an agreedbasis related vaguely to thecapacity t.o pay.

The C.A.B, abstracts werellsed extensiveJy. A wide rangeof journals in all languages wasscanned by each Bureau, andtheir abstracting encompasseda good proportion of the important papers published inmost of the countries doingagricultural research.

J-Iowever. as the extent of theliterature was increased, thesevolumes of abstracts had become more ami more bulky,and much thought was beinggiven to ways in which the everincreasing bulk of scientificlilerature cquld be more ablyhandled.

M r. Ives said that the growing cost of this work hadfoclIssed ullcntiol.1 on thebudgeting burden which it imposed on member countries.

He rclt thut it wns somewhatanomnlous thut the burden ofthe cost of Ihcsc tasks shouldbe borne solely by C()mll1on~

wcnHh COllllh:ics, ' cSllccinllywhen other very large undimIJOl'tant cOlltlfl'ics such ns theU.S.A., V.S.S.n., China llnd.lulmn had fill euol'luous interestin ngriclIlturnl rcsearch.

Au,\{/'{/!ia was contributing'almost £.'1100,000 Cl veal' toC.A .B. and for this it l:eceived,free of charge, sU[Jplies 0/journals which (m}' 11011 M C0!1

tribuliJW coulltry could lm)! tOI'

less thall £A4.000 11 year.

"The paradox of contributorspaying much more for theirabstracts than non-contributors\Vas scarcely one that could be

049-1963

OVERSEAS VISITSTwenty-five Years in Canberravisit to South - EHst Asia.England. Europe and NorthAmerica. He will visil theScvurn Wildfowl TrLlst inEngland, the Delta WaterfowlResearch Station in Canada anda number of other j-csearchstations nnd universities.

Dr. R. G. Gio\'anclli , Chiefof the Division of Physics, isat presenl rnaking a short tripoverseas, He has just: represented Australia at an assemblyof the "International Year of theQuiet Sun organization inRome,

Dr. K M. Buttou, of theDivision of Tropical Paslures,Idt Australia recently to visitH number of research centl'CSwhere the genetics and breeding of tropical pastures arestudied. Apart from visits tothe United States, Canada,Japan and the Philippines. hewill visit a number of LatinAmerican countries, includingMexico, Guatemala, Cos t aRica, Panama. Jamaica andPuerto Rico.

Dr. W. K. n. Li(lpcrt, of theDivision of Building Research,left last month on a fivemonths trip t.o various countriesin Asia, Europe. and NorthAmerica. He will visit acousticresearch laboratories and discuss recent advances in acousM

Hcal research.

Dr. Eo G. McRae, 01 theDivision of Chemical Physics,left recently for Ihe UnitedStates where he has acceptedan invitation to work with theChemical Electronics Sectionof the Bell Telephone Laboralories, New Jerscy, for a peri_odof twelve months, DJ'. McRaeWillllndertakc studies of thesurface structures of meta Isand semi-coilductors by meansof low-energy electron diil'raction.

Dr. J. M. Rendel, Chief ofthe Division of Animal Genetics, is at present on a fivemonths visit to lhe UnitedStates, England and Holland.He will attend an TnlernationalZoological Con fer e nee inWashington in August and anInternational Genetics Congressin Holland in September.

Mr. G. A. Stew"rt, Chief ofthe Division 01' Land Researchand Regional Survey, has justreturned from a short visit toJodhpur, where he. has actedas a consultant la the BasicResources Studies Division ofthe Central Arid Zone ResearchInstitute,

Mr. A. J. White, of the Division of Tribophysics, has beengranted twelve months leavelo accept an assignment inArgentina, He is going la assistin the establishment of a department of metallurgy at theNational University at SanLuis,

01'. J. n. Willis, of the Division or Chemical Physics, willspend a total of six months inthe United States ancI Britainvisiting various institutionaland industrial laboratories, including a three months stay atthe National Chcmical Laboraw

tory, Teddington. Dr. Wi1Iishas been asked to presentpapers at the Gm'don Confercnce on Instrumentation, NewHampshire, and at the FifthCongress on Clinical Chemistry,Detroit.

Mr. J. T. Woo<!cocl', of theOre Dressing Section, is atpresent abroad on a trip offive months' duration. lIe hasalready attended a conference011 hydrometallurgy at DallHs,Texas, and will H((end the VIthInternational Mineral Processing Conference in Cannes nextmonth.

l'tlr. I~. F. Biddiscombc, of theDivision 01 Plant Industry,left recently to spend eightmonlhs in Europe and NorthAmerica. He will spend mostof his time doing research inthe Physics Department of theRothamsted Experiment Stationin England.

Dr. Eo G. nOWell, Chief ofthe Division of Radiophysies,returned recently from a shorltrip to the United States. Hehad been invited to America toadvise the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on giantradio telescope problems.

Dr. D. '1'. Downing, of theDivision of Organic Chemistry,left last month for England,He will spend five months atthe Shell Enzymological Institute at SHtingbournc, Kent.Or. Downing is spending fourweeks in the United States onhis way to England.

Mr. D. H. Fox, of the Division of Applied Physics, is atpresent spending six months inBritain and Europe. The mainobject of his visil is to studyforce and hardness testing atthe National Physical LHboratory at Teddington.

Mr. H. J. F\'ith, Chief of theDivision of Wildlife Research,left last month for a ten weeks

UJ'm sut·c Itll be able to do belteJ't ~·i,.-ouce I can shake offthat. feeling that I'm violating Natm·e's secreh'."

COPyl"iHht London PllILCh,

C.S.I.R.O:. main building atBlack Mountain was originallyconstructed as two separatelaboratories for the Divisions ofEntomology and Plant Industry.They were not linked togetherby the central administrativeblock until after the War. ,--------------,

This building will be finishedby the end of the year andthe Division plans a secondnew building to follow it.

Canbcl'l'a has 1\ Iso bee nchosen us tln~ site for the re:~

ccntly establisllcd ComputerResearch Section's cenlrul COIl1

putel' which will be intcgrntedwHh satellite COInlmtcrs inother Stntes.

The first stage of the projectwill cost more than £It millionand a £100,000 building will beerected in Canberra soon tohouse the central computer.

Draft plans have been prepared but final design detailscannol be settled until the computer has been chosen. Tendersfor the computer are now beingexamined.

At present there are morethan eight hundred C.S.I.R.O.staff in Canberra l and it is ex~pected that it will not be longbefore there are more than oncthousand employed there.

COMPETITION RAISES£6,000 FOR CHARITY

Miss FRAN MILLER

bl'3tions. Thcl'C WCl'C t'WcntYRsixclllldidat'cs sponsorcd by vudousGovernmcnt Dcpartmcnts and

Miss Fran Miller, a 19-year-old Technical Assistant inthe Division of Entomology, was C.S.I.R.O.'s candidatein the recent Canberra Jnbilee Princess Competition.The competition Was ol'gnnizcd private firms. To be eligible fol'hl coincidc with the Royal Visit' judging each cmu:Udate had tollnd the Cun1>el'ru Jubilee Cele- mise £50 1'01' a charity, which

could be nominated by her.C.S.r.R.O.'s selected charity wasthe Spastic Centre in Mosmanand all money raised by Franwill be used to finance treatment for local spastic Children.

The lirst prize - judged onbeauty. personality, and poise--- is a trip to Ruyman Islandfor two, plus £20 spendingmoney, or £200 in cash.

In addition. there was a MissCharity title for the girl whoraised the most money. FranI'llised £332, which placed herthird.

Altogether, the competitionraised an amount close enoughto £6,000. C.S.I.R.O. raised itsamount from a 1111mber ofsocial evenings, including awoolshed dance and barbecueat Ginninderra,

The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh last month joined the people ofCanberra in celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation andnaming of our national capital.Although C.S.I.RO. is only Uncle\' the leadership of Mr.half as old, it has from c. S. Christian, and more re-

its very earliest days been ~~:~\l~o~~~f t~n~' R~~ee~~~i{ '~~;dclosely associated with Call- Regional Survey has been sys-bCfl'a. lcmatically evaluating Aus-

tndia's land re!'iources, con-For the first YCUl' 01' two llftcr cenlraling particularly on ourl.s establishment by the. Dl'lIcC vast. LJnd~rdeveloped regions.GovernJllent in 1926 the COUIl~

cil fo\' Scientilie und Indllst";lll In 1949 the Wildlife ResearchRCSCiU'ch owncd 110 bllildin~s Section (now the Division ofund ifs hundful of sdcntis.s Wildlife Research) was set LIpwas scattercd ull ovcr Awi''' under the leadership ofMr, F,h·nlia. N. RatclilIe to study AostraliH'sHowever, before long the native fauna and to tackle theCouncil began to organize and rnbbit problem,to build. The Division of Soils also

Four research divisions were established a laboratory increated and it was decided that Canberra l to carry out research(Wo of them, the Division of in sOlllh-eastern Australia.Economic Botany (now the C.S.I.R.O. has been involvedDivision of Plant Industry) and recently in un active buildingthe Division of Economic En- Inognumne in Canbel'nl.tomology, should be sitllHted in In the last couple of yearsCanberra at Black MOllntain. Plant Industry has built a new

Although the location of the biochemistry laboratory, and inDivisions at Canberra had November last year the Primecertain disadvantages al that IVlinister opened the £600,000tim.e, it was felt that as Can- phytotron. which is one of theberra was the administrative world's finest plant researchlInd political centre of the facilities,Commonwealth, it would, with Recently, a contract for morethe growth of popullltion and than £150,000 was let for thewith the construction of the construction of a laboraloryproposed University nearby, for the Division of LHnd Re-become as suitable as anyone search and Regional Survey,place could possibly be for theheHdqual'ters of the two divisions,

OJ'igil1l1JJy it was plannedthat each DI'visioll should }WIJC

Cl lahoratory muJ that the {woImildings of "chaste and simpledesign" should be linked hy anadministrative block.

However, building of the administrative block WHS delayedand it was not cons(l'ucted unWsome time after the war-.

The two laboratories werecompleted during 1929-30 andthe two Divisional Chiefs, Dr.lJ. T. Dickson and Or. R. ].Tillyard, were settled in with aslafI' of some two dozenscientists,

Over the years the Divisionsof Plant Industry and Entomology have grown steadily insize and reputation and PlantIndustry is now the largest ofall the C.S.I.R,O. Divisions.

During 'he 1950's, when Hwas led by Ur. O. H. F\'lIIlkel,it spawned .wo other Divisiolls- the Uivision of Tropica'lPastures, locntcd in Brisbane,und the Division or Land Resll~U'ch unci Regional Survey,which estublishcd ifs hend·(1IJfII·ters in Canberra.

049-1963

Hardly Cricket

degree from the Victoria University, Wellington, N.Z., whereshe has recently been employedas a Lecturer.

M ... R. T. SiCWHI'I, who recenlly completed his honoursdegree at Queensland, hasjoined the Division or Radiophysics. He will work on [heinterpretation of solar radioemi~sions.

Or, I). S. Slicnc is at presentell route lo Australia to joinlhe stall' of the Division ofFore'st Products. An Aberdeengraduale, he has been for thep~st three year!' at the East""Ialllng Research Slation.~orking fOf his I.ondon Ph.D.

Mr. R. F. C, Smilh ha, joinedthe slaIT of the Division oJWildlife RCi'icarch, where hewill study Ihe reproduction ofkangaroo.". A recenl gradualerrom Adelaide, he has workedill his long vacations with theDivi[.,inn of Enlomnlogy.

Mr. I. M. PaI'SOnSOIl, aveterinary surgeon, has joinedthe Div.ision of Animal Health,Wllcre he will take part in research on plcuropneumonia.

Mr. I. M. PARSONSON

Since graduating in 1954 he hasbecn in privHte practice inSydney, Albury, and Kvabram(Victoria).

'VJiliiS Uc"erlcy Tugwcll hasjoined thc slan: or the planlintroduction section or theDivision or Plantlnuustl'y. Sherecently completed tl degrec inbotany at the University orAdela·idc. .

01'. .1. S. Hussell has beenappointed to the staf}' of theDivision of Tropical Pasture.,.Since graduating Ph.D. fromNebraska in 1955 he has becna senior research oHlcerin theSouth Australian Department ofAgricuHure.

Miss ArUlc de VOI" who re~

cently graduated [rom SydneyUniversity, has joined the stan·of the Division of Entomology.She will take part in researchon behavioural responses ofinsects which attack NewEngland pastures.

M". J. UYENDEI<I<ERS

Dr. I. D. '''Illpbcll hasjoined the stall of lhe Divisionof Chemical Physics. A graduate of the Universities ()fMelbourne and London, hc hasbeen on the slaH of the Defence Standards Laboratoriessince 1954.

Mrs. 1\'lnrgaret Ncl."on hasjoined the stan: of the Divisionof Entomology, where she willwork on the metabolism anddetoxification of insecticides.Mrs. Nelson holds all M.Se.

skeleton weed. lie was recentlyawarded a doctorate of agri~

culture by the AgriculturalUniversity of Wagcningen,Holland.

The Film Unit has released two new lihns. One is entitled"A Matter of Survival- Toxic Solvents". and the other"Sheepskins - An Aid to Nursiug".HA MaUcl' of SUl"vivul- Toxic vcrsity Departmcnt of Surgery,Solvcnfs" wus produced hy Ute have been interested ill the useFilm Unif, in l'ollaborafioll uf sheepskins a~ nil aid Inwith fhe Safety Ollircl' nllll the nursing bcd-ri<lden and con-Chemical H.cse:ll'ch Lahol'a- valescent putients.tories. This film i"i inlencled to showIts aim is to remind Jaborutory lhe medical ami nursing pro-start" and others handling toxic fessions the worthwhile resultssolvents of ·the need for con- achieved by using sheepskins,stant care. Not breathing particularly in the nursing ofvapours is the key [0 safe older people.practices in handling solvents, A copy of the film has beenand the Illrn suggests how this -"ent lo United Pre.'\s M nvie-can be achieved in the lahnra- 10I1c\,,.,\, in New York, and willtory. be incorporalecJ in a fOl'th-

The film is in colour Hnd has coming edition of the U.S.I.A.screening lime of nine Science Heporl, which is syn·

minutes. (licated through (he world in"ShecJlsldns - An Aid 10 Illanv language versions.

NUI'sing" is in coloul' ~lJld hm;: Copies of both films area screening, lime of 10 minutcs. available from the Film

ro~~H~ll.:'i(~I~~Cljj~i=io~~~/~n~:~lil~ Library al.Head OlTIce.

Chemistry, and Professor M.Ewing, of the Melhourne Uni- Printed by C.S.LR.O .. Mclbnurne

Mr. A. l, Dunlop has heenappointed Divisional Administrative OlfJcer in the Divi"iiol1of Building Research. Arterfive yuurs' business experiencein India he came to Au~tralia

'111 Il»)f{ (0 rcad for an Artsdegree al New England. Sincegradllating. he has bcen on thestan' of (hc University's Departlllcnl or Adult EuucaUoll.

,\'lr."I• .Jeall Lcyemlckkcl's. H

Sydney graduate, has beenappointed to the position ofEditor in the Division ofFishcrie<.; and Oceanography.For Ihe last four veal'S she hasbeen teaching physics al Sydney Technical CollcRe

!\-'Jr. D. D. I(calh has Joinedthe Division or Ani m H IPhysiology's Armidalc Laboralory as a parasitologist. Hecompleted his degree in ruralscience at New England in1961, and has since then beenworking towards a master'sdegree.

Mr.•1. 11. G. lIolmes hasbeen appointed to the stafT ofthe Division of A Jl j In a I.Physiology. wllere he willsludy the innuence of improved pasture and legumcspecies on nutrition and rcproduction in beef call1c. He recently graduuted in \-'ctcrinaryscience at Sydney.

Ur. H. Doing is now en routeto Australia la join the Division of Plant Industry wherehe wjJJ study the ecology of

Mr. P. S. DAVIS

The Second Ausfl'1lliun nllild~

inA Re.~cHrch Congrcss will heheld in AUAust', .1964, at thellnivcrsity of Sydney. Thc('ommonwculth [~XI)CI'ill1elltal

nuildhn~ Stafiol1 of the ])epul'tment of Works will he hostol'gnlliznfioll.

The first Congress was organized in 1961 by theC.S.LR.O. Division of Building Research. The second Congress is expected to make asimilar contribution to mutualunclcrsl.anding between building research Hnd the buildingindustry

Building Congress

'VII'•.1. E. lIal,e!' has accepted,a temporary appointment with(he Division or AppliedPhysit:s. lIe wi 11 carry out experimental work associatedwith hardness a 11 d f () r c cmeasuremenls.


Mr. M. G. FAR RAND

MI'. D. n. Uafh has been ap..,.pointed In lhe slalf n[ the PlantIntroduction Section. Divisionor Planl ]nduslry. A graduatcor the Universities of Readingand New Zealand, he has beenin Kenya for five years asDeputy Principal of,EgertonAgricultural College. Mr. Balharrives in Australia in twoweeks time.

iVir. j), S. navis, a formerstan" mcmber or the Divisionor Fisheries and Oceanography.has joined the ~larr of theHorlkullunll Research SectionSince leaving CS.I.R.O. in1957 he ha, been with the Australian Atomic Energy Commission. lIe recently obtainedall M.Se. degree frolll the University of New South Wales.

:Vlr. n. IVI. Hindon, a graduate in rural science rrom NewEngland, bas joined the stalfof the Divi .. ioJl of AnimalPhysiology. He will bc basedin Brisbane, ami will study (heinflucnce of improved pasturespecies on nutrition and rc~

production in heef caBle.

,\'Ir. 1\'1. G. FalTund hasjoined the starT of the. Mincragraphic Invesligations Section.Since graduating M.A. andB.Sc. from Oxford he has beenin Africa for six years, as ageologist and mineralogist inRhodesia. ranganyika andGhana.

7235449

12674

1616R

414Ro11o2

31115

14

IOl)

MEET

The public illlugc of ~hc

vetednnriun is nol in step withHie times, Dr. R. F. niek ur fheVetel'iIlHI')' Hcscal'ch Lahol'a·~{)I'y, Yccl'ougpilly, ,'Slnted in hispresidential addrcss to theannual ACllcrul mccling o!' HieQueclIslnnd Division or theAustl'aliun Veterinary AS.loj()(.>hl~

tion in Ul'ishanc.

The modern veterinarian, hepointed out. was nil authorityon animal husbandry (genetics,nutrition, breeding, production),parasilology, pathology andbacteriology, besides being theclassical horsc or animal doctor.

"The veterinarian today," hedeclared. "should be concerned more with maintaininglhe health or an.imals on aherd basis than the treatment(If individual sick animals."

Dr. Rick said an clfkicntveled-nary service was essentialin any country if animaldiscases were to be controlledami eradicated and if animalswere to be kept in good healthin oruer to keep the cost oflivestock production tominimlll11

Vet's Pluc:e inChanging World

ASTRONOMERS

Tnfal 166Ilnwling: lowe 2/23, We,t 3/25.On the face or it, Chcmical Research L.aboratories won

Ih..-:: I1wtch.But close examination of the score hook later revealed

thal(u) three Tribophvsics bowlers had uncompleted overs:lbl three C.R.t.. wicket.>:: fell at IIH without at least OI1C

halsll1<In being oul ror nought;(c) Smith c>lptured a wicket withollt any ovcrs being

crcdileu (l' him.

Distingnished astronomers from Australia and overseasvisited the C.S.I.R.O. 2.1O-l't. radio telescope at Parkesrecently during a major international astronomical symposium on the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds.rhe 'lymposillln wns sponsored Sir Richard Woollcy, said thatjointly hy fhe lnf'crnn.iomll Australia's contril;ution toAstronomieal lJnion and fhe astronomy was qLllfe oul ofUnion Ihldio Sdcnfififluc 'u- proportion to its size.tcrJla(iuwllc. and was held "The work hy the Parkesunder the auspices of the Aus~ radi.o telescope has done a greattralian Academy of Scjelll~c. deal to increase the importance

" '.' of Australia in world astron-H .was t.he first. It1l~~rnaUonal Ollly,'· he said.<lS(! cl~(J1111cal ~ymposlUlll ever Australia's largest opticalhdd In Australia. lclescope at Perth was only

Opening the conference at scvcnty~tivc'inchcs in diameter.the Mounl Stromlo Obsct'va- A new onc would need to be attory. lhe Astronomer ,Royal, leas! 120 inches.-'\fVV\-

Three. s('holar~hiJls arc heingoH'cl'crl by ~hc Ncthcrllluds(;nvcl'lImcllf 10 ndvnn('cd Au-sIndian slUdcnfs wishing (0

,~hlCly in (he. Nclhel'lands duringlhe ncadcmic yea.., 1963-64.rhe:.e scholarships are tenablefor a nine 01' ten months' periodof studv at a university or otherinstitution of higher learning inHolland and are valued atN. f4000 (A.£493 approx.).Thi~ amount allows N. DOOO

(A.n70 approx.) for living expell~cs during - the academicyear and N. noon (A.£I23approx.-) afi a contribution to(ravel costs. Scholarship holderswill be exempl from paymenlof university fees.

fhe academic year in theNetherlands runs from OclObcruntil ./une but it will be possihlefor ~tlldcnts 10 use the scholar"hil.")s for a period beginning in.January. \964

Prererence will be given tocandidatcs with some elemenlary knowledge or the Dutchlanguage. No restric1ions arcprescribeu regarding fields orstudy.

Further particulars arc available from Head OrTice.

Netherlal1dsScholarships

The Chcmical Rcsearch Lahoratories played theirannual Cricket Match against the Division 01' Tribophysics 011 6th March at Royal Park.The match Wilt" HUC of a scl'ics which has bcen goi.llg onfor YCHl'S. The H"."f onc \\'as played 011 18(h ]~chnmry, 1949.

The rival captains, K. J. Fogarty (C.R.L,) and G. W. Westcrribophyslcs), tossed, and I<..cvin Fogarly WOll. He scntrribophysics in to bat

rhe scores were as follows:Tribol'hysicsDaunt. b. NewnhamI_owe, b. NcwnbamMercer, h. WaLlsWesl. c. Wadsley. h. WallsNicholas, c. Wadsley, h. WailSDavis. c. Sullivan, b. Watts

IHargreaves. I.h.w.. h. WaltsSegall. c. WailS, h. WalshFsdaile, c. and b. NewnhamSpink, not OlltSmith, c. Wignall. b. Vines

ToialIlowlin~: Newnham 3/17. Walls 5/20.

Chemical Rescarch LaboratoriesVines, run nutSuUiViln, sI. West. b. MercerScullin. retiredDawson, b. NicholasWadsley, c. Mercer, b. SmHhWatts. c. 'Mercer, b. LoweNcwnham, h. Lowc\Valsh, c. J-largreaves, h. Wc~lFngarty, sI. SegalL h. \Vc.st«(logan, c. llal'greavc'i, b. \-VeslWigmdl. not Olll

Exlra"

049-1963

CORES CHFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O. STAFF - NUMBER 50, MELBOURNE, MAY 1963

Move to Canberra THE MYSTERY OF 3C273Last month the Chairman, Sir Frederick White, moved toCanberra, and established his own ollice there.

much higher than has ever before bcen possible for a radiostar.

As soon as these results wereobtained they were sent tooptical astronOlncrs at theMount Wilson-Palomar ObHscrvatories.

They round ntal (he onlyoh-ic{"s )ICHr this lwsiHon in Jll)hotogrnJ)h taken with 'hefamous 200 inch MountIlnlolHur TelcsCOI)C wcJ.'c n fuint1hi1'1ccnfh magnitude s1ar-Hkcob.iect, whi('h almost t~oinddcd

with ono of the r"dio comH'11U1leD1s, ~Uld 11 l'~lillt wiSI) orjet (a()pnrcnHy ]Jrocccding homf he shtr) whose H)) coillridedwHh (he other radio cmnlJOllcnt.

The idenl j-fication of il radioSource with (;In object thal lookslike a star is of considerableinterest because the overwhclming majority of slars arc notradio sources and do not havejets issuing from them whichalso emit radio waves.

However, this thirteenth magnitlllle "star", which is theorigin of one of the componcnts, is of very muchgreater interest still because itslight shows a pronounced "redshifl",

"If Ihis is a ';cosmological redshift", that is, if the redness isdue_io the fact 1hnllhc objeclh taking part in the generalexpansion of the universe andtherdore receding from us itis doing so at about one-sixththe speed of light.

1l must therefore be verydistant.

Since a !'ilar at that distancewould not be visible, the objectmust be 11 galaxy.

However, if Ihi~ was so itwould Hced r0 he enormouslybrighlcr than any galaxy whichhas bcen observed before.

An alternative explanation isIhal- the "red shirtH is not duetn recession of the ohject, butto the presence on the star ofan extremely strong gravitational field.

However, if this HY/S so, ifwould mealI that the .'Itar wasnot made up of ordinarymaterial blll of nelllron.\' sofantastically dell se that Clthimbleful might lV e i g Itmillions of lOllS; it would alsomean Owt the .'lIar lVas merely(J fell' miles in diameter - aI11OS1 unasfrol1omical figure fo,.a Mar.

A third possibility is thatmaller is being explosivelyejected from a slar within theearlh's own Milky Way system,

The next clue 10 the mysterywill probably come when someindication is obtained of howfar away this unusual object is.

In the meantime, however,the discovery provides an interesting example of how radioastronomy is able to draw ordirect attention to unusualobjects in the sky and of thevalue to be gained from interational cowoperation in science.

The discovery wus made pos~

sible by 'he wonderful obscrv~ing facHUics )Irovided by 1heIlal'kcs lelescopc; by informuHOIl from the Royal GreenwichOhscrvatory on fhe Moon's)ll'ccisc position at fhe Hme ofccHpsc whic.'h made un accurnh.':dClcnllhmtion of the l108Hionu[ UIO radio source possible;amI hy 1he jllcomllUrnhJeolJfknl fndIifics of the MOUldWilsoll-))nlomar Obsenuforic!'i.

Parkes is onc of the ft~w placesin the world where such ob:-.crvatiotl~ can he profitablyundertaken as this lcchniquccan nnly be lIsed with large,fullywstccrablc radio telescopes.

A recent study of the eclipseof radio sources 3C273 show~d

that it was made up of twoseparate componcnts, each ofvery small angular size.

The observations also madeit possible to specify the position or both components witha degree of precision very

The 210 ft. radio telescope atParkes has enabled a team from theDivision of Radiophysics to pinpoint a mysterious star-Iil{c object whichis puzzling scientists.Since the middle o[ lastyear the team has beencarrying Ollt observationson radio sources as they areeclipsed by the 11100n.

This ullows the posilion of theSource to he lixed wHh greatnCClII'HCY nnd provides usefulinl'ormnfioll ~lb(}ut ifs ~il.c Hndg-eneral shal)Cj fhis Hlc1hod ulsohus the advulltnge of being- un"nH'ec.·cd b)" ret'r'lcUon in 1heearfh's iOIlOSIJhcl'c.

who should go. hut the difTicultics uf obtaining oHicc ac~

commodation and h {} U oS i n gwould have to be resolved.

H would also be necessaryla obtain approval (rllm theGovernment. and Il) reachagreement with the authoritic:iresponsible for the developmentplans for Canberra,

For all these reasons, it isnol possible 10 predict when amove may ta,,"c place, It seemshighly unlikely that a movecould be made within three tofive years,

POLISHPOMOlOGIST

fl'l'ofcssoI' ))icninzek, an eight-;ll)IJI~~u~day-mHn) is on a two 1 -.lIlou(h vish 10 AlIstrnliu as partof n world fOur to study ft'uitgrowing methods in dHfcl'cnt('ollnfl'ics.

Professor Picniazek is Profe~

SDI' of Pomology at WarsawCentral College of Agricultureand Director of the ResearchInstitute of P0l1101ogy atSkierniewice, Poland, and aMember-Correspondent of thePolish Academy of Science,

While in Austr.alia he willspend some time with theDivision of Food Preservation.

He said that if he found anysuitable strains of Australianapples he would consider introducing them into Poland wherethe apple constitutes fifty percent. of tbe countl'y's fruitcrop.

Professor Pieniazekalready visited the United

Mr. It. A. 1.luIllph·c spent Stales and Ncw Zealand andtwo wceks in the Division of will return to .Poland throughForest Products during March Indoncsia, t 11 e Philippill~s,and April studying the utiIiza- Japan, Thailand and Indin.tion of plantation grown Professor ]>icniazek is theeucalypts. Mr. Plurnptrc, an first of several scientists whoseolTIccr of the Uganda Forest visits to Australia will be sup-Department, has rcturned to parted by the J. ElIertonthe position of Utilization Becker Fund of the AustralianOnicer in that Derm tm~nt. {-.cademy of SCIence.

C~I(O~~L~

Mr. M. Monsnlud, Director ofthe Forest l>roducts ResearchInstitute of the Philippines,was a recent visitor to theDivision of Forest Products.Mr. M'onsahal was in Australiaos a Colombo Plan SpecialVisitor and his visit coveredwood~lIsing industries through R

out Au~trnlia, in addition tothe five days he spent at theDivision.

Visitors toForest Products

The A.C.T. GroU() o[ theUoyal lnstiiufc o[ ]luhlic Administration has invited cnidcsfor an Essuy CompeHtion '0 hederided in 1963.

Subject to the TIIles o[ theCompetition, there will he aFirst Prizc or £50, a SecondPrize of f20 and such otherawards for meritorious entriesa~ the Group Council thinkstit. 1 -,

Entfant~ may choose anysubject relating ro the historicaldevelopment, Dr critical appraisal of s.ome specific con~

temporary aspect or problem01 publil: administration inAustralia.

No precise length of essayis prescribed, but, since publication is proposed, the essayshould not be less than 3,500words.

Further information is avail~

able at Head Office,

Essay Competition

Sir li'l'cd~rick hus been CIlHcOUl'aged to move (0 Cnubcl'faby the I)l'imc Minisfer nullthe Minist'cr - in - Chul'gc ofc.S.I.n.O., so fhnt he will bein u hetter posHioll 10 kecpthem infol'mcd UIJOlltC.S.I.R.O.'. needs.

For a time, at least, the movewill allow the Chairman to detach himself from some of theday to day executive activitieswhich inevitably occupy histime at Head Office. I-le hopesto be able to spend more timevisiting the Organization's research c5tublishmcnts.

The Executive, meanwhile,has been considering the question as to whcther Head Omceshould be moved to Canberra.It believes that, sooner or later,~lIch a move may be necessary,

llcad Oll1ce now comprisesonly II minority of lhe stafflocated at 314 AlberL Street,East Melbourne. Most of thestafr at "Head Oflice" are nowattached to the MelbourneRegional Office.

It is dHTicult to roresec justwhen the projected move toCanberra may joke place.

H would lake some time toprepare detailed plans for sucha move. Not only would il benecessary to determine precisely

050##1963

C.SJ.R.O. STUDENTSHIPS FOR 1963Four C.S.I.R.O. oHicers have been included amongst the overseasstudentships awarded by the Organization for 1963.

l'rofcssul" 11. N. narher~ a member of the C.S.I.R.O. AdvisorvCouncil, has been elected aFellow of the Royal Society, inrecognition of his distinguishedwork i~ experimental cytology,popuJatlOll genetics, and thegenetics of flowering.

n... 11. Y. Mills, n formermember or the staff: of theDivision or Radiol1hysics. hasbeen elected a Fellow of theRoyal Society in recognitionof his contributions to radioilstronorny anti especially fordevelopment of the M illsCross.

MI', E. Edcl', of the Divisionof Coal Research, has Compleled requirements for theH.Ee. degree of the Universityof Sydney.

1\,[", G. I). Findlay, of thePlant Physiology Unit, Divisionof Food Preservation, has beenawardcd the degree of Ph.D.by the University of Tasmania.His. thesis concerned thelransient electrical behaviourof the membranes of Nitellaspecies and Chol'(/ austmJis

A I'ccent {exlhook "Philipp1l1e Tcktites" by H. OllevBeyer wa", dedicated to 1)1:.

George Uakc!' or lhe M incl'a~

graphic Section:"with admiration fol' the/('ornlll-g. diliucl1ce, and Years01 patient work that brought tocomplelion on Jl.Ilv I, 1959, hisunique monograph on the leklifes -~ io which (Ill subsequentclJarts must necessarily takesecond place. ~Vith most pleasalii recollections of our yearsof corrcspondence mul interchange of ideas, lvhich IWI'erled us 10 lite poinl of omitlingmraua/ critici.ml where ourideas differed."

Visitors' Day

Dr. J. Leigh addresses a group of graziers on the effect o,f grazingpressure on the occurrence of fissure weed in dryland pastures.

maxhl1i~h)J~ nil! rCI'IJOIISC 01:' Noble, was nskcd 10 smnnmri"icpashu'cs to sUI'Crpho!5l1lm(C. wbnt he considered somc of lhc

He said that high yields more imlJOr(nllt nSl)(.'c(ls or theunder irrigation required high visitors' day.super and plenty of water. In doing this, Mr. Noble said

Neither could be en~eetive that superphosphate was Lhealone and the ciTeds of one basis of high pasture produc-enhanced the effecls of lhe tion and farmers mllst be pre-other. pared to spend money on it and

If no response was obtained wat.cr.to superphosphate the first 1he possibililic'S of extendinglhing to suspect in the Rivcrina the irrigalion season at eitherwas lack of water due to hard cnd should :odso be consideredsoil and too infrequent irrigaM with conccntration on perenniallion. pasture species lo help control

barley grass.Agricultural research in

many cases was fundamentaland complex and not direcllyappl icable, he said.

He warned that unlessfarmers had a high slandardof managemgont thcvcouJd notmake full use or tl,e inrorma~lion that was available fortheir properties.

The N.S.W. Dellnl'tment ofAgl'icu)(tlre',~ district ngl'OIlOw

mist at Dcniliquin, Mr. ,1.

One of the highlights o[ thevisitors' dny WllS an experimen'aimed at findin~ what 5ivstcm01' mnlulgcmcn' led to inaximum wool yield pCI' acre rromirrigated lJUst nl'cs.

The visilors Were shownplots o( ,', irrigated sub cloverPhalol'is wh/!/'osa paslureswhich had carried 9J dry sheef')per acre for sixteen monthscontinuously.

In the finit twelve monthswool production was 115 lb.grea,sy wool per acre.

At 8 sheep to the acre eachsheep ClIt more wool rcr head;however. production of greasywool per acre was only 96 lb,

MI'. Myel's said that ellortsto raise production by havinga proportion of slImmcr i rrigated pastures based on whileclover to increase wool growthrates in the summer period wasnot successful.

He said thal continuousstocking of winter pasturesbased 011 sub clovcr was thehest method so far devised onthe station for low-cost, highrroduction of wool fromMerino wclhers under irrigalion.

While in this benevolentmood we havc (wo i'm'thercxprcssions of thanks.

Firstly. wc thaak theEditor of "Corcscarch" forhis guidance and forbear~,\nee and, secondly, wem",t thank the C.S.l.R.O.Executive and MCfisrs. G.McLcnnnn and J. Coombeof Head Ol11ce, who havegi ven our Associati on everycourlesy and assistance.

It is worth emphasizingthat our AssociatioH andC.S.I.R.O. are by no meansdiametrically opposed onmatters of stall welfare.

Our proposals and complaints are nlways given themost serious considerationby the Executive.

Deniliquin

0" 24th MlIY Ihe Association's Central Council will..cve..t 10 N.S.W. nfler twoycol's in Viclol'ilt.

The Victorians. des pit esome early inexpcriencc.have handled their jobs we11and merit a word of praise.

To the Federal President(Mr. N. G. Richard.,), theGeneral Secretary (Mc. H.F. Heath), nnd to eachperson who served on lhecouncil We say HSir, wethank you".

We expect great things ofthe incoming Council andhope nil branches will extend i.t their complete eooperatton,

in limes of stress was also be~ing directly tested by encouragclncnt and removal of theshrubs in grazed plots,

Mc. U. Millar showed hiswork 011 the cITcets of thesurrounding dry land 0'11 smallareas of irrigation and pointedout that the rate of water lossfrom pastures was increased bvwarm dry winds coming orrdry land.

He gave estimates of thisadvcclion effect which sug~

gestell that isolated irrigatedfields lost water at a muchgreater ratc than large areas,

He said that" where possibleone large field was better' thanseveral small fields.

Afle,' lunch M ... C. Kleinigdernonsll'utcd the impol'tum:cof t'rc(lucnt ilTi~Hti()n in

Our picture shows Noel (left)and Leon with their officialletter of notification.

undertake advanced Courses inplant physiology and genelicsat the University of California,navis. Hc will also vis-it expenmenta! plaot physiologycentres in North America andEuropc.• n ... n. J. po....a of the Division of Plant Industry willstudy biosynthesis of cylochrome prosthetic groups inyeast at the Department orBiochemistry, University ofOxford.

Included in Lilo list oE juniorstudcntship win n c r s we I' ctwcnty-oncMycarMold Brisbanetwins Noel ami Leon Kanc·Maguire: they bulh infend ohtaining their honours degree illinorgan ic.chemistl'y.

Attends

peeially in the first year,depended on the number ofseedlings established.

M iss Veronica R 0 g e r sshuwed the effects of more prolonged nooding on lucernestands.

Where the lucernc was cutor grazed anu thcn noodedimmediately, the loss of standwas very marked, hut wherercgrowth was allowed lhe standsl(lod up to nooding very well.

Mi5S Rogers pointed out thatlhe reason grazed lucernestands never lasted as well asstands cut for hay was twofold;grazing was orlcn allowed befOlc full flowering ami watering oflcll followed immediatelyafter the l'emoval of the sheep,

She said thal hoth practicestended to kill Ollt a highpercen(age of the stand.

Dr. ,T. l,cigh dClIloll.,'mtcd hiswork 011 Ihe seasonal gTuY/thor dl'yhnul species nnd fhehigh degree 10 which _liheCI)selected 'hch' diet [r(HIl fhewide l'allgc of species avnihthlc.

He said that the work wasproviding leads on the effectsof diHcrent grazing management methods 011 the latesummer feed shortage,

For example, if grazingpressure was moderate in thespring, some species, especiallyHssurc weed (Kochia ciliala),were not eaten then and werepreserved for later grazingwhen feed was short.

1f summer grazing was toolight, then summer grasseswhich did not carry over wellwould he wasted.

The role of perenni.al shrubs

computation in lhe optimization of structures at the Massachusetts Institute or Technologyand Harvard... MI'. \'. MlIY o[ the HOlticultural Research Station,Mcrbcin, will undertake research studies on changes ingrape buds. just before andduring'innoresccncc initiatioll,and on the development ofgrape buds in tissue culture atthe Institute of Botany andElcctronmicroscopy, Sw i s sFederal In,titllte of Technology.Zurich.

• D,·. n. N. Oram of the Division of Plant Industry will

Crow,dBigA crowd of some three hundred mul fifty people attl'ndedthe Visitors' Day held at the Falkiller Meii10rial FieldStation, Deniliqllin, 011 27th March.

The attendunce would lJcrhupshavo been higger hut fo1' fhe~ood 111ins in Bumy pnrt'i oCthe district which g:uve fannersnn excellent cham'c to worh:their fallows.Visitors travelled around theStation in a convoy of morethan onc hundred cars, to (ourslopping places to sce demon,(rations anti hear specialisttalb.

In presenting the results ofMc. R. H. Sedgley's work onheavy textured brown soilswhere water penetration wasslow, Mr. L. F. Myers, theOlTicer-in-Charge o[ the Regional Pastoral l.~aboralory atDenlliquin. emphasised theimportance o[ soil waterstorage in paslure producUon.

lIe suggested that expensivetreatments like deep cultivationand heavy rales of broadcastgypsum m ight even bc economic, because high production from small areas ofirrigation was economical ofwatcr and labour.

Mr. G. Wrigh(, Mmmgel' offhe Station, showed the cfrccfsor tilth and depth of sowing Oil

the estahlishment or whileclovcr 1111<1 IUlslmlmn on theheavy soils.

The trial shown conHrmcdthe earlier result obtained withsubterranean clover that afairly rough tilth and smfaresowing gave best establi.shmentwhere dry sowings were irrigated up.

Where dissolved gypsum wasused the tilth and sowing depthwere not so important.

In all cases productioIl, es-

These studcnj~hills ]lrovidefinancial sUPlwrt for grndllajcscientists who wish to continuetheh' studies to lit fhcmselvcsfm' careers in scientitic I'e~

seal·ch.Altogether thirty-one jllniol'.

forty-seven senior and nineteenoverseas sludcntships were'awarded, after some threehundred and thirty-lhree applications had been considered.

The four C.S.LR.O. olTieerswho were awarded overseasstuoentships arc:• DI'. .T. Ii'. Ill'otchic of theDivision of lluilding Researchwilt study the use of electronic

050-1963

crops. such asvegetables. which

produced "out of

VACANT

Visits

APPOINTMENTSThc following vacancies for pl'ofessional appointments urcClll'l'Cnt:-

EXPERIMENTAL OFFICER (E.O.1I2) Di\'i~ion uf Clll'lnicul

Pllr~\~i':I£l~(I~·~+~\~Y A1JiICER (CImrv[ISTl (E.O.1/2)-·Divisioll nfSoik 2711/2G7 (May 151_

EXI}ERIMENTAL OFFfCER (F.,O.I12\ Division of ,\PIJliedPhy,ics. n0/2(i1) (Mav 17).(jO~U:l~Et~};~vll17~:FFICl.m. (lLO. )--Division ul Organic Clll'll1istry

EXPr.RIMENTAI~ OFFICER IN ELECTRONICS (LO.t/2!~--Division of Physic~. 770/25t (May Z4).

EXPERI!vlENTAL OFFlCER--- PL.ANT INTRODUCTION (£.O.ln 'iDivisiu1I (If Plant Iudllstr'Y. t:lO/54f1 (?vIa)' 21).ORGANIC CHEMIST {E.O,ll2l--Divh;ion of Forest Pmdul.'b,

29~¥f~~A(lt~~11 ~lh:ICER (R.O./S.R.O. )--Computing Rt'~car('1J Section.1I00/:! (May :11).

RESEARCH OFFICERS (R.O./S.R.O. )---,Divisiou or Chemicall~lIg·inccrillg. 608/35 (JUI\~ 14),

square ranels are attached tothe lIprights.

The panels carry graphicdi~play material, and physicalexhibits can be mounted 011 3[oot square tables attached tofour uprights.

The exhibit has its own solidfloor, its own ceiling (9 feclhigh) and its own lightingsystem.

The whole exhibilion can beassemblcd or disassembled byhall' a dozen men in a day.

C.S.I. R.O. receives severali~eqllcsls topal'tiCipatc- il1-ex~

hibilions evcry year. It willnow be possitJle to participatein some of these, either byputting in the wbole exhibit. oronc or more of the five seclions.

It is intended to mount theexhibit in King's Hall, Parlia·ment I-louse, during the BudgetSession in September.

at lhe National PhysicalLaboratory in England, and hehopes to visit a Russianmclrology laboratory on theway home.

D,·. A. n. WlIl"<lro(l, of theDivision of Forest Products,left early in April to attendthe Second Cabot Symposiurnon the "Formation and ·Struclllre of Xylem". This Symposium, which is under theauspices of l-larvard University,will be attended by sometwenty scientists invited fromdifferent countries. Followingthis meeting, Dr. Wardrop willvisit laboratories in Hw UnitedStHtcs j Canada, Japan and thePhilippines,

The exhibit, which covers afloor area of about 750square feet is divided intolive sections.They urc sub-tilled "HistOll' orCS.l.R.o.", "C,S.I.n.o. 'lIIdthe Wool~I'(}wcr", ··C.S.I.R.O.and the Food ImhJstl'y'","CS.I.n.O. and the Mannfacturer" nnd ~·C.S.I.R.O. unclMillerals".The graphic work and designof the cxhibition were undertaken by Gallery A Design(;t·oup I'IY.),td., '\ leadingMelbourne firm of industrialdesigners.

The exhibil is portable anddemountablc. It can all bepacked away into boxes andtransported on a five ton tfuck.

Basically, it consists of aframework of a 1 u m i n i 11 mtubular uprights. laid out in a I

3 fool module. Slandard 3 foot

Visitors to the Royal Adelaide Exhibition last month SaW a large exhibitdepicting many at' the activities at' C.S.l.R.O.

Dr, H. J. I1of!mlln, of theDivision of Animal Genetics,left recently on a round-theworld trip. He will visit experimental biology laboratories inBritain, Swedcn and the UnitedStates.

M,·. D..T. Rnchford, of theDivision of Fisheries andOceanography, made a shortvisit to Canada last month.He attended a meeting of theSpecial Committee on Oceanographic Research at Halifax,Nova Scntia.

Dr. A. D. novirn, of theDivision of Soils, made a shortvisit to the Uniled States lastmonth. He was invited (0 present a paper at an internationalsymposium on HBiologicalControl of Soil-Borne PlantPathogens" at the University ofCalifornia. Berkeley.

Dr. D. Spencer, of the Division of Plant Industry, left lastmonth for America. He willspend a year continuing his research on chloroplast structureand function with Dj', S. G.Wildman at the University ofCalifornia. Los Angeles.

Mr. A. M. Tholl1pson, of theDivision of Applied Physics.left last month on a five weeksoverseas visit. He will attendthe Tenth Session of theComitc Consultatif d'Electricite

A report prepared recently by the Divisiou of LaudResearch aud Regional Survey and the Bureau of MineralResonrces has shown how ntilization o[ nndergl'Ound waterresources in the Alice Springs area could incl'ease landcultivation there lIIore than one hundred times.

season" in the Alk'c Springsarea and consequently c{)rn~

mand high prices on southernmarkets.The report said the existence

or a well-established date in~

dustry in California indicatedthat prulitable date farmingmight be possible in the area.

Recent imrorts of dates (Q

Allslralia ancl New ZealandtllTlotJ11ted to 8,971,000 lb. and4. [92,nOn lb. wortb £232,nOOand £I60JII)O respectively

With average yields con~

servalively estimated al 3.5tOilS an acre, 1.000 acre'S underdate palms in full bearingwould satbfy the Australiandemand, while 1 heN c wl.caland market could absorbthe production from another600 acre.....

More saline waters COLI Id belI~cd for the irrigation of thesecrops, which therefore woulcllIot prejudice the cultivation ofsalt-sensitive ~rops in arclISwhere good water was avail·able

The rcpol'l said collon hadnot been tried in Celllral Australia, hUl the climatic conditions were similar 1'0 thosefound in areas sllch as CnIifornia, Tcxa~, and Egypt, wherevery high cotton yields wereattained under irrigation.

The report said the aridclimate was also favourable forproduction of high quality lint,and for relatively cheapharvesting which could bespread over long periods withoUI serious rain damage.

His I{oynl Highness, (hc Duke of Edinburgh, llccomplllliedthe "'iJSOII family on It bird banding CXllcdHion at thesouthcrll cnd of L~,ke GeoJ'gc during (he visit 01' the royalcouple io Cmthcrru lust month. In SIlite of n hCllVY oUicialpl"ogl'ullunc, the Duke arri ved at Lnl(c GeOl'gc at 4.45 a.m.and spent three hours with fhe "VilsolIs erecting mist netsnlld removing birds from ihe nets. 1\'1r8. Wilsoo, who is 11tYI)ist nt the CnllbclTa Regional O(fice, is shown abovc wHhIhe Duke.

Water for the Alice

Thc rCllOrt shows thut 70,000acrc fect 01' water - enough toinigntc betwecn 6,000 acres llnd14,000 acres or the nrid Alit·cSIB'iogs area - Iws hecn cscnpiIl~ underground each yelll'.IL also shows that ground waterstorage in four basins nearAJice Springs contains anestimated 4 million acre feetof water.

Preliminary assessment ofthe agricultural potential ofthe discovery of the watercould lead to the establishmentor t>everal typcs of crops,bringing about significant il1l~

port savings.The total allnual recharge of

70.000 acre feel of watershould be adequate to irrigate6,000 to 7,000 acres of percnnial crops. 11.000 lo 14.000acres of summer crops such ascotton, or a ~mal\cr arca ofsummer and winler crops.

The repon said the cash{TOPS worth considering forirrigated production in theregion were:• Date palms, cotton and

similar crop~ which wereparticularly suitable for thearid envi rDJlIl\cnt, providedadequate irrigation wasapplied.

.~ Oil-yielding and si m i I a rcrors, which produce relalively valuable primary commodities and by-products forwhich then~ was a localmarket.

.. Sreeialityfrui landcould be

050-1963

Dr. G. E_ CUNNINGHAM

Dr. G. E. Cunninglmm hasjoined the staff of the Divisionof Food Preservation in thecapacity of Editor. He has hadextensive experience in leatherresearch, and is a formerDirector of the now ucfunctAustntlian Leather ResearchAssociation. Dr. Cunninghampreviously ac(ed flS the Division's Eclitor for a few monthsin 1960-61.

Printed hy CS.I.R.O .• Melbourne

Mr. l". F. noire has Joinedtbe stall of the Division ofChemical Engineering j where Jlewill work on waleI' desalinalion. He rccently completedhis honours degree at Melbournc and has since beenacting as senior demonstl'atorin the department of metallurgy.

nr. n. J. Sweehnan has beenappointed to a fellowshiptenable in the Division of Protein Chemistry. A graduate ofthe University of Otago, NewZealand, he will study theaction of oxidising agents onamino acids j {}Crticlcs andproteins.

I\tliss l)atl'it.'ia Wlllkcr hasbeen appointed to the staff ofthe Virology Unit, Division ofAnimal Health. Sincc graduating from Melbourne in 195Rshe has worked as a hospitalbacteriologist in Adelaide andin London.

Miss PATRICIA WALKER

Mr, 11. E, Wallbank, who recently graduated from Sydney,has been appointed to the stallo( the Division of EnlomologyHe will apply physien-ehemiea1techniques to problcms ininsect physiology and biochemistry.

Dr• .T. F, K. Wilsbire hasbeen appointed to a Fellowshipin the Division of J)rotcinChemistry. He previonsly helda similar posl in the Divisionof Coal Research and for thelas\ two years he has been onthe stall of the ChemistryDepartment. University ofDublin.

Dr. H. Wnll"e bas heen appointed to the staff of theDivision of Plant Industry, andwill be sttltioned at Marecba.Aflcr graduating from Berlinin the carly 'thirties. he worked{or fourte~n ycars as a plantbreeder in Germanv. He hnsbeen farming in Victoria sincehis arrival in Australia in 1951.

NEW APPOINTEESIMt'. C. J. DcnueU has been

appointed to the position ofProgrammcr in the Division ofPhysics. Since graduating D.Se.Irom Sydney in 1961 he hasbeen reading for a postgraduate diploma in numericalanaly~is and automatic compUling.

MI'. R. W, Cnw)ey has accepted a short-term fellowshipin the Wheat Research Ulli\. Agraduate 01 the University ofAuckland, Mr. Cawley will beon Icave from his post ofAssistant Director of the NewZealand Wheat Research Institute.

Mr. J. It. Evcllson has beenappointed to the posiUon ofCoUon Agronomist with theDivision of Land Research andRegional Survey, and will bestationed at Kunullurra, Agraduate of the Univcrsity ofWales, he has had experiencein cotton breeding at the Empire Cotton Growing Corporation's Station at Namulargc,Uganda. Since 1956 he hasbeen on the stall of the Wellcome Research Laboratories inEngland.

M.'. D. A. Furrcll has beenappointed to the stall of theSoil Physics Section of theDivision of Soils. Aftergraduating 1l.C.E. ill 1956 fromMelbourne l Mr. Farrell workedas a civil engineer with theDepal'tment of Works. Morerecently, he has been workingtowards a Ph.D. degree atMelbourne.

Mr. \\'. n. Kenucd)' has beenappointed to the stall of theDivision of Building Researchto take charge of the work onoperational research which issoon to be started. An engineering graduate from the University of Melbourne. !vir.Kcnnedy has been on the stafIof the Aeronautical ResearchLahoralorics for over twentyyears,

[\-11'. A. T. Proszynsld hasbeen appointed 10 a temporaryvacancy on the stan of thcDivision of Forest ProLlucls.After arriving in Australiafrom Poland in 1958 he commenced a science course atfVlclhournc. and graduatedn,se. last year.

Mr. A. IHeD. Richul'dson hasjoined the stair of the Divisionof rextiIe lndustry. Aftergraduating with honours ineleclrical engineering at Me!·bournc before the war, he waslor ten years with A.W.A"lastlv as engineer in chargeof 111c television section, Morerecentlv he has been GeneralManager of the AustralianConsumers' Association,

At a farewell dinner to Mrs.Willings at the Westalla Hotel,Cronulla, the guest of honoursat between Mr. C. S. Christian(left) and Mr. W. Ives (right!.

Fisheries in 1948, and for thepast few years she hns beenEditor of the Division's publications.

Those working ill the Division now. and those whoworked in the Division in thepast, arc much in Lucy's debtfor tbe assistance she has givenas a friend and as a colleague.

Her new post was at theDivision of Fisheries, whereshe looked afler the library.

Su bsequently she assisted theDiviston's war-time activitieswith the Department of WarOrganization and Industry, andin 1946-47 she was secondedto the Department of Commcrce and Agriculture to assistin the preparalion and organization of a C.R.T,S. FisheriesSchool, at which s.he was alecturcr.

She was appointed TechnicalSecretary of the Division of

Mr. S. Duim explains the opera~

tio" of a carding machine to avisitor.

~.M_.. .. ._.__. .__..._....· __····· .----I---.--..----..------------~

~ ~ 'M " .~ __ • ._. __ ••• _. • ._._.

An open dny at the Geelonglahol'n~orics of the Division o[Te:xtile Indus~ry nUrnctcd alarge crowd of local resideutsand studenIs as well us anumher of visitors from furtherafiel<l.Visitors wcre able to sce something of the Division's work onovercoming problems in processing wool and wool textiles,and of the research which washeing carried out on the development of new and bctterconsumer prodllcts from wool.

During the afternoon, Pro·: fessor J. B. Speakman, PresiI dent 01 the British Textile: Research Institute, spokc to a• crowd of several hundred onI developments in wool research.: lIe stressed the fundamental• unity of science and pointed: ouL not only how many varied11' hranches of science had conr lribllled to wool research.I but also how a number of dis-

coveries made by wool scien·fists had proved to have hadimportant implications forfields of science far removedfrom wool research.

Over lhe IJast ten or twelve years (he Division of Fore,lit l'rolluds has rarely been withoul at' leastonc visitor rl'om overseas. On onc day recently ~hc Divhi'ion had cleven peuple from ci~ht

dHTCI'cn~ counfTics there ut once. l'l'om leff, back row: n. Allcn (ll.S.A.), C. Shcl'hini (Egypn.A. J'. Wymoml (D.F.I'. Inforlllution Ofliccl'), [)I'., T. Sadnh l!apan), 1\'1. Mnmmllld (Phili!)pines),R. Plumptre (Uganda), n. Hcllawcll (New ZClIland).Frnnt row: I".·ofcssnl' N. Fl'allz (lJ.S.A.),Dr. K. Isoi (,Japan), F, Addo-Ashong (Ghana), K, Wong (Malaya), It. Cosin (I'hilippines),

Mrs. Lucy 'Villi IIgN, who retired from the Divisioll off'isherics aud Occanogmphylast monfh, hus hml n longassociation with C.S.I.n..O.

She joined C.S.LR. (as it thenwas) in 1929 an<.l worked aslibrarian with the Divisions ofEconomic Entomology andPlant Industry in Canberrauntil 1933.

She returned to the Organization toward the cnd of 1942following the death of her husband on war service.

050-1963

CORESEFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O. STAFF - NUMBER 51, MELBOURNE, JUNE 1963

Australian wool reseal'ch could mean economic life or death, the PrimeMinister (Sir Robert Menzies) said after he omcially opened newlaboratories for the Division of Textile Jlndustry, on 3rd May.

Prime Minister Openseelong Laboratory

However, scientists only hadto maintain present progressagainst synthetics, andmallufacturers against scepticism lInd time wasted inadolltillg developments, towin the hattle, he said.

SiI' H.ohcl" Menl.ics was spenkin~ to a l'CIH'CScnlaHvc audienceofHOO persons. including ('ab:illct Minis'cll'S, members 01parliament, JI1eJnbci'~ of thenewly-formed Aus:tl'alial1 W()(~lUoar<l, civit.·, p1.l8(ornl and bllSIIlCSS leaders.

He said the battle to promoteAustralia'" chief export conldnot be won only by scientists,however greal their cfliciency,for their work must be marriedto thaL of the manufacturer. thegra:licr and the consumer.

Many new ideas .h<~u andwould come from C.S.l.R.O.and he appealed to all ;t\llStrahans to overcome scepticIsmof new developments.

Wool, when he was a boy,was taken for granted, thedepredations of moths were arec()~n.i?c{I .... c~il_. and .. it .... \¥us adivine dispensation that woo1shrank.

Science had removed thesedisadvantages, and placed wootin Cl position to compete withthe modern vigorolls industryof synthetic fibres.

In [ar too many industries,loo little attention was paid10 scientific developments andtheir benefits reduced costs,increased production. greatercJl1ciencv.

Sil· Uobcrt Mcnzies said hefound pleasing fhe exl'ent ofco-operation bctwcen the scienlis~~ at Gcclong mul I()C~11

woollen mills.It was a happy day for him

WhCll he saw what could bedlmc through co-operation inany productive 1ielcI, he added.

Left: Dr. Lipson presented SirRoberr with tour lengths of tar~

tan filbric made ai' the Division.

Right: A view of the new Geelong laboratory.

Si.. Uohcl't was introduced hythe Chairman (Sir I;'rcdericl(While).

Sir Fredcrick. recalled thatwhen C.S. LI-eO. was asked toenter the wool textile researchfield, there were very fewC.S.LR.O. reoplc who knewanything about it.

"But we bad complete faith,"he said, "that research, if properly conducted, would produceresults.

"Wc knew that wc could relyon the imagination and initialive of good scientists."

The GccIong laboratory hadbeen highly produclive of newideas, said Sir Frcdcrick. "Iwish 1 had time lo tell you,"he said, "how far the work ofthis laboratory has been responsible for rising wool consump~lion itl the Utliled Stales."

"1 am harpy and satisfied,"he added, "lhat there is now aneffective International WoolSecretariat well equipped technically and promolion-wise tomake good use of our ideas."

Aftel' Sir Roberl opened thelahorat01'y, lIe WllS thnnkcd byDI.. M. -LipsOIl, Chief of theDivision of Textile Industry.

Dr. Lipsoll recalled atl occasion twenty-eight years agowhen an English firm appliedfor a patent which covered anitlventio/1 made by C.S.I.R.C.S.I.R. decided to object to thegranting of the patent andbriefed Mr. R. G. Metlzies toact as ils counsel.

For some time, he said, thescientists and their counsel haddifficulty in understanding oneanother. Eventllally, Mr. Mcnzies took away Astbury's textbook on wool and read itthoroughly. From then on therewas 110 difficulty.

Mr. Menzies suggested lhalthe performance of certain experiments would clear IIp thewhole case.

"For flVO weeks," said Dr.Lipson, "Sir Robe!'f fvIenzieswas directing all fhe \l'oo! fexHfile research going 011 ill Aus-

t,.ali(~, even though if IV{fS beingper/onned by OIl!Y one experimental ofliceI'. "

"Hislory records that C.S.I.R.won its cHse." he concluded.

After thanking Sir Robert,Dr. Lipson presented him withfour len.gths of tartan, three invariants of lheM'enzies tartanand one in the McGrcgor tartan, as Dame Paltie Menzicsis a dcscendant ot the clanMcGregor.

Film AwardsThree liIms of the C.S.I.RO.Film UnU received lIWHl'ds rccently in the allmml compeli-·Hon of the Australian _FilmInstitute."The Ruinmakcrs" received aspecial award for scientificphotography in the educationalcategory, "Uuilding on Research" was given an honourable mention in the Puhlic

. Relations category, and "Fighting the CaWc Tick" a SilverAward in the T~achlng category Jora Jucidexpositian ofits subject.

The Institute reported asignificant improvement in theoverall, quality of entries forthe ] 963 competition.

Of the total o[ onc hundredand twenty-two fllms enteredvery few were techmcally inadequate and many displayedfine craftsmanship and creativeirnaginatian.

The major awards were re·stricted la films of such qualityas would ensure their acceptance in an international cornpetition,

It was reil that the tilmsrevealed considerable talent,which, given the opportunity,could earn Australia an international reputation in thesefields.

The Australian film awardswere instituted to stimulate andraise the standards of tUrn production in Australia, and thequality of the 1963 entries suggested that the competition wasbeginning to achieve this aim.

Some 140 exhihits illiistl'uting I

the aclivitics of (he Divisionsof llhysics amI Applied PhysicHwel'e on di~pluy last month Htfha two Open J)ayrs held at tbeNational Sfunclards Lnhorufory.

The two thousand people fromscience and industry who I1tlendcd were able to see somcHthing of the work being eIone atthe Laboratory to establish andmaintain precise standards ofmeasurement for the Commonwealth and to provide a centre~hCrc"",i\usttaJifln st:ienLific~fl~induslriallaboratories can havetheir reference-measuring instruments and standardschecked to the highest accuracy.

Amongst the many exhibitson display were:

e Air-gauging equipment of anew type v'ihich makes pos·sible continuous measurementor thickness of manufacturedproducts. the measudngrange being about twentytimes as great as that ofearlier instruments.

o A high precision hygrometer,now ill commercial production, which has importantadvantages over previous ins[ruments.

c A new photoelectric instl'llrncllt fOf measuring temperature!) above 2000 0 C witb aprecision of a few hundredthsof a degree. (With the optical pyromc[crs conventionallyused it is difTicuH to achievea precision of I QC.)

Dr. G. K. Whii-e demonstratingthe way in which electrical con~

ductivity of val'ious n"a tel'ia Ischanges when cooled.

• An electric discharge lampcontaining krypton gas whichrealizes in pracLicc the newoplical standard of length,the wave-length or theorange-red light it emits.

o A line standard interfero~

meter and photoelectric microscope which allows the primary statldard of letlgth obta:-inci:llromthe krypton lampto be ITan~ferred to mecll'anical line standards tip tot m.Various aspects of lhe Lab

oratory's fundamental researchprogramme were also shown,including the measurement ofsolar magnetic l1ekls and inves~

tigations of the connection be~

l.ween the alomic and molecularstrLlClUfC of solids and theirmechanical and electrical properties.

-'\. 600 I11cgavolt tra.nsform~r

installed recently for investlgations on the mechanism ofelectrical breakdown and forother high voltage investigations, was also 011 display.

A special bus service enabledvisitors to see the ProductionEngineering Research, Micro·wa vc, and Radio FrequencySections of tllc Laboratofv atNcwtown. -

The IWO Open Days werefollO\vcd by an aflernoon forscicnce stlldclllS from Sydneyschoob.

051##1963

The Alexander VOIl Humboldt scholarships ,?per excellent support foranyone wishing to do research in Gel'lllalIYJi'or one 01' two years.

Germany

11l'Ogress has been rapid in thesix months since the Hivisionncquircd the 7,000 aCl'e grazingpl'operty at Woods(ocl,.

A herd o[ Droughtmasterstud callle has been purchased.fencing and water facilities aree.xpanding daily and moderncaltle yards are well p,,,t theplanning -stage,

The Droughtmastcrs will beused to measure the palatabilityand productivity of hoth naluraland experimental pastures.

Experiments to determine theextent of various soil deflciencesare well under way.

The main body of scientistsfor lhe TownsvilIc Pasloral Research Laboratory is ex peeledto arrive shortly.

Their arrival will help tocover a wide range of expanding and changing fields of research.

These include agrostology,planl inlroduction, plant chemistry, plant nutrition, soil survey, soil chemistry, animalnutrition. animal health andplant ecology.

The stalf will occupy temporary premises in Townsvillepending the huilding of newlaboratodes on the hank ofRoss River.

The Omcer-in-Charge of IheLahnralory, Mc Le' Edye, saidthat it was intended to cstablishregional centres for research inCORopcl'ation with pr i vat egraziers,

It might be years before result, would be available, hc"aid, as C.S.l.R.O \vas seekinglong term solutions to pastureprohlems.

However. close liaison withthe grazing industry would bemaintained,

APPOINTMENTS VACANTThe rollowin~ vacHllcies for J)l'ofcssiollfll nppoinhncl1(§ arcCUfI'CU(:-

FELLOWSHIP IN Slm.FACE CHEMISTRY (R.O./S.R.O.)-nivi~.. iall of Tril.lOphy~ics. :nO/14B !JUIlt' 7).

E:"TOMOL(HHST !'RI'IT FLY l:"VESTJ(;A'1I0NS ((CO.)Divi~in\\ of ElltolllnloJ.\"Y. lnO/18n (JlllH' 11).

EXPERIMENTAL OFFICER m,o. In) DivisiulI of /\pl'lil'c1!VriIH'r"lo~.... (ilJ.l/21 (Jllllt' 14)

PHYSICAL CHEMTST m CIIEr>.HCAL PllYSICIST (R.O.iS,RO)Divi!>illll of ConI R\·~(·arrh. 4110/412 (J11II1' ltJ.).

REtJEARClI CHEMIST (R,O./S.R.O.) Divi,ion of LllUJ /{"SI',I\'r:hand Hl'g-inllal SurVl'v. fl'l'1/'J.'1 (Jllllt' 14\.

RE,sEAH.GH OFFICERS OLO./S.R,O.) Divisioll or C!ll'llIicalEIIl!illt'Ning:. liOll1'i5 (JlInt' 14-),

RESEARCH OFFICER fOl{ TICK FEVER INVESTf{;ATIO:-';SrR,O.lS,R.O.) Divi'iion of Animal I{ralth, 21J,j-IBO UIlI" ~l\.

Powedul TD 18 bulldozers have been tl'3nsfonning ascrubby wilderness at Woodstock, the Division of Tropicall'ustlll'cs' new reseurch station near Towusville, to c1eurthe way for a wide range of local and introduced pasturegrasses and legumes which will undergo rigorous testiugthere.

Above: Drivel', Carryl Millard,uses a TD 18 bulldozer to clearland for experimental pasturesat Woodstock.

Top of page: Mr. Joe Ritson,Officer-in~Charge of tlte Division of Tropical Pastures' newfield station at Woodstock, nearTownsvillet examines a densestand of Townsville lucerne.

The main pUI"IWSC of theJ-hunholdt Scholarships iR tooffcl' thc grnntec a chance foradvanced studies or .·cBcm·ch inhis field of Rpccialization.

A reasonahle knowledge oftbe German language is a greatadvantage for an applicant.From my experience Englishwould have been good enoughfor work at the Im;titute. be·cause all the sclentists couldspeak it to somc extent, buleveryday life would have beenfairly dimcull.

The Scholarships provide relurn farcs to Germany and anadequale living allowance of800 DM per month for a singleperson and an extra 200 DMror a married mall accompaniedby his wife. (A German graduate with a Ph.D. will get astarting salary around 1000 DMper month. Ph.D. studentsmanage to live on ,OD to SOODM per month.)

The scholarship includes abus trip which covers the Wholeof Germany in lhrec weeks.This provides a wonderfulopportunity 10 scc many placesof interest and beauty.

tbat all publi,hcd papers include the name o( the professoras co-author, and if he is 'notagreeablc, a stall member cannul puhlish hy himself.

Five C.S.I.R.O. reseal'cb officers,fOllr fl'om Food {'reservationand one from Dairy Uesearch,will address fhe ThirteenthAnnual Convention of the Insthute of lfood TeChnologists,which is being held ut Mildlll'a,Victoria, fl'om JUlle 11-14, 1963.The opening address will bedelivered hv Mr. J. F. KefTord(Food Preservation) 1 who willspeak on "Food Science andTechnology lhe InternalionalOutlook"

The st"lf of C.S.r.R.O. willligure promincntly in a symposium on "M,icrobial Selectionand Adaptation in Foods". Thechairman will be lhe AssistantChief of the Division of FoodPrcservation, Dr. W. J. Scott

Dr. ] H. B. Christian (FoodPreservation) wHl speak oncured meats, Or. F. Oral!(Food Preservation) on chilledmeats, and Miss B. Kcogh(Dairy Research) 011 dairyproducts

The Alexander vonHumboldt Scholarship

•In

Mr. K. Eppilwer. of theDivision of Physical Chemisfry, recently spent Cl yearill (;(,J'nwflY ()11 a Humbo/cllSclwlarshir;, Here he ,\'el.\'down some ht/press/ons 0/graduafe student life ill(i'el'many today,...---~--~

Saturday morning work israther unusual in Germanynowadays, but there was compcnsalion for this in long holidays. 'rile Institute closed downfor [our weeks in August andwe had a fortnight off atChristmas and a fortnight atEaster.

Academy ElectionDr. ,1. 11. I'iddin~~toll, of theDivision of Radiophysics, hasbeen elected lo a Fellowship oflhe Australian Academv ofScience in recognition o'r his"distinguished contributions laradio aslrnnomy and astrophysics. "

Mary Quick, taxonomic illustrator in the Division of Ento~

mology, has just received a'Book of the Year' award for"Letters to Scotland, 1860".\vhich she illu.strated, printedand published at her own press

. the Juniper Press heforejoining the Division. Theseaward~ are madc by thc AU8

Indian Book Publishers' Associalion for the twenty-eighthest-dec;igncu Au~tratia'O booksof 1961-62.

During the year a lwmber ofdislinguished visitors came tothe lnslilute. Professor Emelcusgave a talk (in German) 0'11

organic Ouodne compounds.Professor Noyes spoke on, aphotochelTlical problem, andProfessor Clar made a livelyattack on the quantum theorytreatment of large condensedaromatic .'iystems. Dr. Viehe ofthe European Research Associates presenled all interestingreview of his work on acctyIcnic compounds.

In many ways the MaxPlanck lllslilute in Miilheim/Ruhr was similar to our ownChemical Research Laboratories in Mclholll'r1C. Theirlibrary was inferior and nolibrary service was provided.It was interesting to discover

Student Lile

There arc IlO flllo(aR for anyonc ('oulliry. and the awards arcmmlc Oil the basis of world~

wide. cmnpctHiou. In the year1961-61, about .1110 scholarshillswere granted (0 gnt<hm(es from50 counil'ics.

lapan SUllplh:d the largestnumher of students (approximately 80), and lhere werequite a few from Greece, ~rllr

key, Yugoslavia and the UnitedArah Repuhlic. Very few camefrom tIle European Stales.There were two from 1\ ustria,one each from England, Franceand Norway and three l'romAustralia

r have just spent a yearworking in Ihe Division ofRadiation Chemistry at theMax Planck [nslilule for CoalResearch.

The M ax Planck "I.nstitute issimilar lo C.S.r.R.O. in tbat itis an independent organizationhnanced by the slate. Thein,slitute, which is in MUlheim!Ruhr, is the old Kaiser Wilhelmlnslitlltc, where the FischcrTIOpsch process was workedout.

In Germany the outlook ofsuch an institute reflects theinterests of the man in charge.In 1943 Professor Ziegler became chief of the Max PlanckInstitute. As his main interestslie in the metal-organic 11eld,the term "Institute for CoalResearch l' is now completelyout of dale.

General Organizationof the Institute

Almost every scientist had alalwl'fltory a~sistallt workin,~with him: The 11.'isistnnts wel'egi rls 01' boys of sixteen toci~hte.cn years of ugc who wereattending n technical collegeonc day a week and who weregiven extra training at the 1nstitutc.

This meant that labour wasrelatively plentiful around thelaboratory and there was atendency to use it by buyingtechnical grade chemicals andpurifying them in the laboratory, or by svnthesizing Lhomore exotic compounds whenil would have been possible 10gel thcrn ready madc I wasilll pressed by the ease withwhich they vvould tackle anyorganic synthcsi:i.

In the Divi~jOll of RadiatiollChemistry there were abollt 16~tudellts \vorking for their Ph.D,degrees. 'rhis gave the place abit of University atmosphererhere would be manv lengthvscienlific discussions anJ therewas a sludy group meeting oncea week (after hourc;) (0 hear alalk hy one of tbe members ona specific subiect. rhesc talkswere followed by general cJiscussion.

The location of the InstiLute,close 10 the best reside-ntal areain MUlhcim, had it advantages.All the employees \vere Jivingrinse to their place of work, Ttmight take them IO~20 minules10 walk to work or just a fewminute~ driving by car

The inslitl1\c hdp(~d membersof the stan to nnd nals aodfrequently subsidiz.ctl them Inone forlll or another. [did nothear or anyone who lived inhis own house

rhe working hours werefrom 8 until ~ on weekdays andfrom H until 1 on Saturdays.The staff members went hometo eat with thdr families, '11'

(~1se ioined the bachelors ill arestaurant

The scholarships are intended mainly for graduatesentering uJlon careers inuniversity reselU'ch, and formembers of independent re,earch institutes.

051-1963

tHie knowledge, proved valuable during a period of rapiddevelopment in the Coal Research Section (as it th~n was).

His dulics touched uponevery aspect o[ the day-to-dayactivities of the Divisio'n, buthe was particularly concernedwith the provision of technicalservices, the planning anderection of 'new laboratories,and with the J1eld work [or theDivision's Chemical and Physical Survey of National CoalResources; he took a leadingpart in drafting the comprehensive Rr1d detailed reporlsarising from this survey.

He served with outstandingsuccess as Chairman of theCommittee responsible for compiling the C.S.LR.O. SafetyHandbOok. 'Last year he wasSecretary of the Third Conference of the British Commonwealth CommiUee on Fuel Research.

1-[0 had a wide range ofinterests and was an entertaining raconteur, particularly onsocial occasions when his senseof humour was greatly inevidence.

He leaves a widow and twodaughters of school age.

Election ResultsCentra; Council ElectiollsFederal President: Mr. E. Murray (Coal Research)Gef/eml Secretary: Mr. W. J. Menzies (Animal Physiology)General Treasurer: Miss Eve Ahearn (Animal Genetics)PI/Welly Ollicer: Mr. H. F. Burne (Physics)Victorian E.lectionsChairman: Mr. H. F. Heath (Forest Products)Secretary: Mr. F, Daniels (Foresl Producls)Treasurer:Mr. R. F. Thompson (Forest Products)Other resulls will be published later.

Council-in-Person MeetingOn April 27th and 28th interstate delegatcs attended a

Council meeting in Melbourne and some points of generalinterest are given below.WIU'k-valuc Sub·coll1ll1ittec

Survey returns have greatly exceeded expectalions.Several divisions have returned 100% of their survey formsand the overall average will exceed 75%. The results arenow being carefully studied.Adulls SllIlly Fees

Brunches must decide if the Association should pressfor repayment of adults fees, or aHernatively, for acceleratedpromotion at the age oC 21 for partial complction ofapproved courses. Accelerated promotion does occur to alimlled extent at prcsenl.

Some members feel that the cumulative benefits ofaccelerated promotion could out-weight fee refunds. Thisis so despite the high ices payable i-n some universitycourses.Associntioll Policy

Branches will be asked to submit items of general policy,foJ' discussion at the next Council meeting. Puture Council~

in-Person meetings will be held at least twice yearly andin future all Council meetings wil1 be tape-recorded.

Dr. Kingsley F. Baker suddenly became ill on the eveningof 30th April and was admitted to Sydney Hospital, wherehe died in tbe early hom's of the lollowing morning.

DEATH OF DR. K. F. BAKER

His sudden death, ut' the curlyugc of 42, is a tragic loss tothe Division of Coal Research,in which he served with greut'ability ns Teclmicul Secretaryfot" some eight yeul'S.

KingsJoy Baker was educatedat Brisbane Boys' College andat the University of Queensland, where he graduated inchemistry in 1942. He wasawarded the degree of Masterof Applied Science in 1946.

From 1947 to 1949 he workedunder Professor H. E. FicryDavid in Zilrich and wasawarded the D.Se.Tech. degreefor work on benzthiazolederivatives.

Before returning to Australiato take up a position as Re~q~roh <::hemist with .Timh,ojLtd. (now Union Carbide Australia Ltd.) he was that firm'stechnical representative inEurope, engaged in rc-establishing with chemical J1rms contactsinterrupted during World Warn.

He joined C.SJ.R.O. in September 1955, and his administrative ability, thoroughnessand scrupulous allention todetail, coupled with widetheoretical and practical scicn-

MOi1ey raised by H1e Mildura r-------------------------Branch of C.A,A. will help ('hevillagers of Mutsandra todeepen and line their well.

'rhe pco[11c~- n()w selr~Z'iufHcient in vegetables, andmarket their vcg0lables andfiOv.icrs.

Q an cducalional establishmenlin Gujrat consisting of aUniversity College, primaryand secondary school andagricultural training centre[or nearby villages was given£400 to build an ex perimentalcow dung gas plant and tosink a well for irrigationpurposes. £1,000 was alsoprovided to build a hospitaland class room/laboratory.Anyone interested in forming

a C.A.A. groLlp should contactMr. D. Seotl, Director, C.A,A.,67 Brunswick Street, Fitzroy,Victoria.

"] don't want to go anycloser to death tban that.

"I heard people outside telling me not to move, but afterabout 10 minutes, I couldhardly breathe.

"I was able to force up theroof a little with my hands j

wriggle out from behind thesteering wheel, and case myhead out.

"Tben I climbed through thedoor on the passenger's side."

Winks had a scalp lacerationand Shie1 shock.

They were taken to PrincessAJcxandra Hospital for treatment, and allowed to go home.

A Brisbane City Councilcrane lifted the truck from thecrusheu station sedan. Onlypart of the grille of the stationsedan showed from beneaththe heap of sawdust.

Mr, R, WINKS

caved right in, andme against the seat,"

So far the Campaign's overseas aid programme has beenconfined to India, Local C.A.A.groups formed in Auslralia arclinked LO parllcular projects inIndia and the group helps theprojects in their en~o]'ts toobtain self-sufficiency.

C.A,A. does not send foodexcept for sm,lll quantities ofpowdered milk to meet specialneeds.

The basic aim is to helppeople in India amI othercounlries to increase agriclll~

tural production, raise livingslandarc.1s, improve b e a I t hstandards. and extend education through lhcil' own efforts.

So far 11 toh.1 uf more thnll£21,Of)u hns been rniscd fol'fu'ojccts in Indiu.

Some of th~ projects aidedinclude:o a hospital ill an area oC great

povcrty at the India-Nepalfrontier was provided wilh£J 500 to bring water to itand to provide vitamins forunder-nourished children.

e an impoverished slum areain Poona where 300 families[Ire living in shacks andhovels was given £200 to provide a village worker to helpraise living standards, assistwith health and educationalwork, and teach handcr-at'tsto provide an income forresidents.

CJ a centre for Tibetan refugeesnear Delhi was given £200for a pLlmp and pipes toirrigate ten acres of land.

The lIccideut hnpPcllcd when atruck londed wH-h six ('ons ofsuwdust swerved tu avoid 11collision wHit another CUI'.

Two (ons of the loud Uppedfrom fhe tl'lIck bm'ying thesfut,ion sedan completely.

The weight of the load pulledthe truck over on top of thecar. rhe roof was crushed,pinning \Vinks and Shicl totheir seats.

Luckily, 11 tarpaulin underneath the sawdust held so thatbystanders were able to getthem oul. "Only the good dieyoung/' said Winks as he washelped Ollt.

Winks' head was jammed be~

[weon the llaltened roof andthe top of the seat for lenminutes

l~af' Imunt or the l)lighl ofpeople in India aftcI' sllcakingto an Asiun visifOl', !VII'. DivalUll" Chandmn.Pat then learnt of CommunityAid Abroad (CA.A.) whichwas founded fen years ago byrather Tucker of the £lrolherhood of St. L'iH.lrenCc, anAnglican organization in M.cl~

boumc devoted to assisting theunder-privileged.

'rhe :lIntS or C.A.A. are:o t.o encOllragc the Gove.rnmcnt

and people in Australia togl'cal~r efforts in cOlltributingto Hw economic and socialprogress or the developingcountries of Africa and Asia.

@' lo provide opportunities [01'every Australian to personally parlicipa\l:: in pl'ovid~ngaid to developmg countries.

lD to help relieve world tensionand to promote peaceful relations hetween nations ofthe world by hdping improveliving standards in the ec()~

nomically lllldcr - deve1ol1cdcountries.Illa(" c()ntm~tcd lVh. nnvid

ScoU, the Uil'cchH' of C.A.A.,who addressed the meeting ini\'l.ildun~ which she hud organized.

As a result of lllt~ meeling, alocal (,A.A. branch was!orm0d which will try to raisefI ,O()(J to provide the wellwhich is so Jespcratcly neededby the villagers of M utsalld!"a.

"Our aim is Lo get on firstname terms wiLh the people or-Mutsanc.lra," said PaL

Mutsandra Gets A Well

CAR BURIED IN FREAK ACCIDENTRlllil!olllh Winks, of the Division of Animal Health's Veterinary Parasitology Laboratoryat Yeerolllwilly, Brisbane, bad all unnerving experience recently when two tOilS 01slIwdust crushed the station waggon in which he amI driver, Frank Shiel, were travelling.

The small IndiaIR village of MutslIiulrn is to get its tirstwell of wate!' for drinking and irrigation following ameeting in Mildlll'll organized by Pat Lawrence, Libmrianof the Horticultural Research Section, Merbein.

051-1963

STAFF

Prinled by C_S.lHO . Melbourn('

Queensland, A graduate of theUniversity of Sydney, he hasbeen for the past fifteen yearson UlC staH' of the Institute fOlM-cdical Research at KualaLumpuf. Malaya.

Dr. R. ~1. WHARTON

Mr. R. J. HINE

M,·. D. A. lIe<.l!\es has joined(he staIr of the Division ofAnimal PIW1'llology and will bestationed at Annidalc. Sincegraduating B.Agr.Sc fromSydney in J9\9. he has beenwith the Northern TerritoryAdministration. latterly as theofficer-in-charge of animal husbandrv work at the Beau·iceHill Research Station.

[Jr. U. n. Wharlon hasjoined the staff of the ,Divisionof Entomology and will be~tatiollcJ at the VeterinaryParasitology Lab 0 r a to r Y.

ment with the Division ofMathemalieal Statistics in Canberra. Since obtaining anhonours degree and a diplomain statistics [ram Oxford. shehas been nn the stalT of theGrassland Research Institute atHurley. Derks.

Dr. M. Golo of the Deparlm(~nt of (:Jcology and Miner~

illogy at l-Iokkaido Univers.ity,Japan. has been awarded apost - doetorate fellowship towork with the Division o[Building Research on thegrowth and study of gypsumcrystal~ as part of thc Division's investigations on l11aster.

Dr. M. GOTO

Mr. H. J. nine has joinedthe stafT of the Division ofTexl"ilc lndust.ry. After completing his dip,loma at theGon1on Tnstittllc of Techoo[·ogy, Geclullg, hcioincd lhePhosphate Co-operative Company 01' Australia Ltd,. andbecame the CompanY'1> ChiefChcmisL Mr. Jline representedAustralia in cycling at {he Commonwealth Games in Perlh.

Mr. E. J. Sparkc, a ruml 1

science graduate from NewEngland. has joined the ,taff ofthe Division of niochemistryand General Nutrition. Hewill act as resident 110ld ofTi.ccrat "Yulgilbar", a property innorthcrn New South Wales.The Divisions of JHochemislryand General Nutrition andAnimal Physiology are carryingout cxperiments at HYulgilbar"011 the growth, productivity andreproduction of cattle.

Mr. H. G. Glln]y has joinedthe starI' of Ihe Division ofTextile lndustry. Since takingout his dipJoma at the (JordonInstitute of Technology, Gee~

long. in 1960. he has workedas a chemist with Peerless SilkMills ill Melbourne.

Mr. R. G. GANLY

Mt'. M. J. Good.peed, agraduate of Aberdeen University, has heen appointed to thestall' of the Division of LandResearch and Regional Survey.Sinr.:e coming to Australia in1955 he has been wilh theBureau of 'Mincral Resourcesand the Department of Interior.During this period he spent ayear ill Antarctica, where hewas engaged on measurementsof icc-cap thickness.

Miss S.M. Green is at present en route to Australia totake lip a lhrec year appoint-

He is spending j-he next sixmonth<; in the Botany Department. University of Adelaide,with Professor -R. N. Robcrtson.

Dr. Higinbotham and hiS coworkers In<ldc some of the firstITlcasuremen{s of the intracclltllar electrical potential o[eells of higher plants. Tn Ausll'l:1,lia he wilt collaborate withothers working in lhis field.

of the same animn I duringstress.

Another FulIJrigllt Scholar,Ilrofcssor N.Higillhofhul11 ,head of the Dcparhncnt ofBofany in lYashinlJ;ton SfateUniversity, arrived in Aus~Tnlia

with his ,vire on Fc}nmll'Y 28,1963, uncI worked in (he JllmdPhysiology Unit of Ihe Hi vi·sion or Food Il1'cscrvaHoll forthree months.

APPOINTMENTS TO

D... R. G. Cllssens, a gradnate in animal hnsbandry anI!biochemistry [mill the University of Wisconsin, is workingin the laboratories of the Division of Food Preservationat North Ryde.

At North R yelL' Or. Casscnsis rnvcsligating Ihc relation ofthe rate of disappearance oJadenosine lriphosphate lo theposl-morl:cm (emperature 111muscle At C'RnllOn Hill heproposes to study the depletionof glycogen in diITcrcnt muscles

M... F. J. M{lylc, a sciencegraduate [ram the University ofAdelaide, has been appointedto the Division of MineralChemistry to work in the newlyformed Process DevelopmentGrot.lp. He will be responsiblefor thc analytical work of the(i-roup. and for the development or the Crofl ilmenite process. Mr. Moyle was previouslywith the South AustralianMilleR DeparLmcllt and LheAustralian Mineral Developmcnt -Laboratories.

1\1... T. ](nmiko. Ofllcer illCharge of the Weather MapProcessing Sub-Seclion of theJ a pan e s e MeteorologicalAgency's Forecast Department,has been awarded a Fellowshipunder the Australian International Award Scheme to workwith the Divi~ion of Meteorological Physics for twelvemonths on cold fronts.

Mr. \\. A. BUCHANAN

Mr. n. A. Buchamm has beenappointed (0 the slall' of IheDivision of Dairy Research. Agraduate of Massey College inNew Zealand, he was previollslywith the Victorian Departmentof Agriculture and theRochcster Co-operative DairyCo. In 1959 he spent a year atIowa Slate University. under aRotary Foundation Fellowship.

Two Fulbright Scholars

DI', Casscl1s, who ill here 1I~ aFullJright Sclwlar, arrived withhi~ wife ju Sydney on I~'eIJrll

ary 27.lle plans to spend abollt

c,ight months at North Ryde,and about four months at theDivision's Meat Research Laboratory al Cannon l-lill, Queensland.

Dr. Cassens is interested inthe cause of the exudate fromfrozen and thawed beef Hluscle,knO\vn as "drip", which is aserious rroblem in the _markel~

ing of frozen beef.

From the Jacaranda Press,Brisbane, have come two smallbooks with a popular appeal,written by research officers ofthe Division of Entomology.

"Insects of Australia", byEdgar Rick, with colour andhalf-tone illustrations by NinonGeier, and "Australian Moths"by L F. D. Common, illustratedwith photographs by EdericSlaler of the Division of Wildlife Research and with Mr.Common's own colour and linedrawings.

NEW BOOKS

D... M. F. R. Mulcahy, of theDivision of Coal Research, isat present visiting researchcentres in Great Britain,Europe, U.S.S.R. and America.lIe is interested in the measurement of the free radicals involved in the but11ing and gasificalion of coal. Or. Mulcahywill attend the InternationalConference on the 'Mechanismof Corrosion by Fuel ImllurHicsand the Fifth InternationalConference on Coal Science.

n1". M. J. T. Norman, o[ theDivlsioIl of Land Research andRegional Survey, will arrive inLondon Jr.ter this month aftorspending some five weeks inNorth America. He is on afive months' visit to the U.S.A .•U.K .. Africa and South Africato study the latest developmentsin the field of pastures andfodder crops. He will also visitF,A,O. in l~orne to discussregional research in underdeveloped arcas.

Sir Frcdcricl<: White returnedrecently.from a two-week visitto Janan as gucst of the Scienceand Technics Agency "Vhile inJapan, Sir Frcderick visitedindustrial research centres andthe International Wool Secretariat omec at Yokohama.

Mr. L. T. Ii'. Woolcock, orthe Division of Entomotog;y,has been posted to London forthree years. He will work withMr. F. Wilson, who is investigating European parasites orthe Sircx wasp.

Copyrighl Loudnn PUllch

"rrell, we ','e .fillally isolated tlte /ialllllla-1Il1l allti-1IIesoll,a1ll1 tltere dOli 'I seem 10 be - tltallk God! - allY J'l'tlcticalajlplicatiolls' ,

OveD·seas VisitsDr. J. n. lIlaekwood, of theDivision of Chemical Engineering, is at present in GreatBritain visiting research institutions working in the fields ofgasification of carbon, reactionkinetics. and nuid mechanicsand mass transfer. Dr. Blackwood will also visit centres inthe Uniled States and willattend the Sixth Diennial Carbon Conference at Piltsburghlater this month.

Dr. R. A. Dude, of the Division of Coal Research, leftlast month for Great Britain,Europe and North Americawhere he will visit laboratoriesworking on the chemical andphysical behaviour of the inorganic conslituents of coal athigh temperature. He will alsoattend the Fifth Internatiom,lCoal Science Conference, theSixth Diennial Carbon Conference, and the Conference onMolecular Spec\roseopy andM"olecular Structure.

M,'. D. A. Forss, of the Division of Dairy Research, leftAustralia recently for Americawhere he has.. been awarded aResearch A,sociateship at theQuartermaster Research andEnginccrinR Centre at Natick.Massachusetts. He will travelto America via the U.K.,Ne1herlands, France, Switzerland and Italy where he willvisit various research establishments.

M,·, R. .T. JOIlCS. of the Division of Tropical Pastures, leftlast month for Kenya. WithLand Rover and native assistant he will spend severalweeks in the bush collectingplant specimens, especially ccotypes of the grass Setaria.

Mr. R. W. Ke,·r. of the Division of Enlomology. left Australia last month for NorthAmerica, Great Britain andEurope where he will visit research centres concerned withproblems of insecticide resistance He will also attend theFifth' fntel'Oational PesticidesCongress in London next July.

01'. G. N. Lance, Mr. T.Peurey and Dr. G. W. Hill, ofthe Computing Research Section, have recently returnedfrom a short visit to {hc UnitedStates and Dritain. They havebeen visiting a number of firmswhich supply clectronic computer equipment

051-1963

CORESEAFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O. STAFF - NUMBER 52, MELBOURNE, JULY 1963

Dr. J. E. FALI<

and mathematical methods tosoil and plant problems. l-Tehas held a research fellowshipat the California Institute ofTechnology and a Nulficld FeI·lowship at Cambridge. 1k wasjoint winner of the Amr.;ricanGeophysical Union's HortonAward in 1958 and wasawarded the D.Se. degree bythe Melbourne University in1960.

Pl'Ofessol'shipDr. E. J. WilIiams of the

Division of Mathematical StatiSlics has been appointed Professor of Statistics. at theUniversity of Melbourne andwill take up his new post next.January. DI. Williams will succeed Prol'es:--ilH' 11. Beltz whnretired earlier this year.

c.n.E. for Dr. Wal'k

DoctOl'atesM... D. Eo Angus oJ' the

Division of MeleorologicalPhysics has now qualified forthe Ph.D. degree of th~ University DC California. His thesiswas entitled "The influence 01meteorology and soil facturs onthe rate of evap(ltranspiratiollof a crop".

Mr. K. Eo MIII'J'llY of theDiviSion of Food Preservationhas been awarded the degree ofD.Se. by the University vfWestern Australia for his research on the chemistry ofwaxes. This work was carriednul between 1948 and 1960 inthe Organic Chemistry Section,now the Division of OrganicChemistry, and dealt withwaxes derived from wool, thepreen gland of geese, the waxpalm of Brazil, and sugar cane.

D ... I. W. Wml<, Member ofthe Executive, was honoured bythe Queen in her recent Birthday Honours list. Dr. Warkwas created a Commander oftbe British Empire (CB.E.) foroutslanding service to science.

Honours

Dr. Philip graduated in civilengineering from Melbourne in1946 and joined C.S.1.R.O. in1951. He has been a pioneerin the application of physical

Dr. N. S. NOBLE

in 1932 lInd an M.Sc. (Cali·fornia) in L931.

He then returned to the Entomological Branch of theDepartment of Agriculture andin 1938 was admitted to thedegree of Doctor in Agricultural Science by the Universityof Sydney.

In 1941 he became Secretaryof the Linnean Society of NewSouth Wales where he editedthe proceedings of the Societyand was re~ponsib\c for itsgeneral direction.

In 1947 he WllS appointed tohelp es.tablish a series ofnational scicntil1c journalswhich C.S.l.R. proposed publishing in collaboration withother scientific bodies.

Under Dr. Noble's directionthe C.S.I.R.O. journals weredeveloped to their present highstandard. In consultation withthe other members of theBoard or Standards and theEditing Advisory Committeesof the individual journals, hehas produced scicntinc journalsof whieh C.S.J.R.O. and Australia call well be proud.

DR. NOBLE RETIRESDI·. N. S. Noble retired recently as a I'esult of ill healthafter being Editor of the Organization's scientific journalsamI other scientific publications for some sixteen years.

Dr. Langridge graduatedM .Se. from Auckland wilh firstclass honours in IlJS1. He cameto Australia under a C.S.l.R.a,sludenlship to work for hisPh.D. at the University ofAdelaide. After graduation in1954 he joined CS.I.R.O. wherehe established an outstandingrecord for h is research in genetics,

Or. Mool'c graduated withhonours from Sydney. in 1937and joined C.S.l.R.O. in thefollowing year. His notablecareer in plant ecology hasbeen recognjzed by the awardof a Commonwealth Fund Fellowship and bollt master's anddoctor's degrees in agriculluralscience from the University ofSydney. He is Cl past presidentof the Australian lnslitulc ofAgricultural Science.

Or. MOI'lcy originally took adiploma course in agricullureat llawkesbury College butwent on to graduale in veterinary science from Sydney. Hewas subsequently awarded aPh.D. degree by Iowa StateCollege. Dr. M Ol·Iey, whojoined CS.l.R,O. in 1954, hasdone outstanding work in thebreeding of subterraneanclover. He is the leader of theDivision's grassland agronomygroup.

Dr. Noble gmduated in Agl'icultural Science with first classhonours at the University ofSydney jn 1928 lInd wus a\'pointed nssishmt entomologistwith lhe New South WlIlesDep~lrtlllcnf of Agrirulture.In 1929 he was awarded aWaiter and Eliza Hall Agricultural Research Fellowship. Hestudied advanced entomologyand carried out research at theImperial College of Science,University of London, from1929-30, and at the Universityof California from \ 930-31. Hewas awarded the Diploma ofthe Imperial College (D.I.C)

Obituary011 Tllesday, 21st May, 1963,the dcuth occurred ut the PrinceHcnry Hospitnl, Mclbournc, ofMr. 11"1'01<1 Morton.Harold joined C.S.I.R.O. ill1940 ulld was associated withthe Orders and Transport Section at Head Office during thewhole or his career.

He specialized in CustomslInd Sbipping work and waswell known throughout theOrganization.

His likeable persouality assisted grenlly with the Customsformalities so essential to thewell being of new staff arrivalsand officers returning fromofficial visits overseas.

A very large gathering representative of all MelbourneDivisions and Sections attendedhis funeral at the nurwoodCemetery on Thursday, 23rdMay.

Harold will be sadly missedby his many friends.

I),.• J. R. PHI LIP

[)r. Falk, whn is aged 45,graduated from {he Universitynf Sydney in 1942. In 1949 hewon a Nullield Fellowshipwhich enabled him to work atUniversity College HospitalMedical School in London. Hewas awarded the Ph.D. degreeof the Universily of London in1951. In 1953 he was awardedthe Foulerton Research Fellowship of the Royal Society.

Dr. Falk Joined Plant Industry in 1955 as leader of itsbiochemistry team. His outstanding research achievementshave been recognized by hise1eclion in 1961 to a Fellowship or the Australian Academyof Science.

[It'. Fall< will be lIssisled byfoul' Assisfulll Chiefs: Dr. J. 8.Lung-ridge, DI'. n. J\.1. Mool'c,Dr. j? 1-1. W. MOl'ley, Ulul Dr.J. R. I'hilil',

Dr. F. W. H. MORLEY

APPOINTMENTS VACANTThe I'ollowing v~u'andcs rOl' pl'ofessional llppointmcnts arccm'fCIl':

I'O~ 1'·l)OCTORAL FELLOWSI-lI P IN ?vHCROBIOLC)(;Y·····Divisiotl

"llrEs1L-fl{\~~\;\\ia~~TI.~I(~fiNCGHdi~lll\tl~K FEVER INVESTl(;ATlONS(H..O./S.R.O.)·-llivisiun of Animal Ht'allll. 204/BO (July J).

SCIENTJFIC SLltVICES OFFICER (S.S.O.2/:\)·-lnduslrial ResenrrhLiaison SectioJl. 111111 Uuly rJj

\,UCROWAVE CHEMIS-I (E.O.1/2),,,,Divir.iul1 n[ .\1incl'al ChemistlY.6tH/lfl (,ful)' 7).

AN/\LVTICAL CHEMIST iE.O.l!2l--Divisiol1 of Allimal Phvsiolog-y.245/'Ob (JIlIy 12)

EXPEJin'fENTAL OFl'ICER (E,().1!~?J--Di\ijsj(J1I nf Cht'lTIical En-

giII';Xl'I/\tJt~,i~{~\-Atllr)g)I'CER (E.O.2/'~1··· Division 01 Anilnal (~l'!ll>l~b. !iH2/ltJ (July 31).

PLANT BREEDEH. {S.R.O./P.R.O, J ···lInl'licnltural Rc·St·fll'd. Sc'ctinn.'~9l1!122 (July ~-l1).

l'LANT I'HVSIOLO(JIST (S.R.O./P.R.O. )--Divhiull of Food Pn·wr·va!;Oll, :IOOrlfi3 (August 9).VETFRI~/\ItV BACTERl()LOnIST (R.O./S.R.D. )--Division of

:\rl~XJ!f:N~~~~Nl~~I~It)~~FIl51:I;r';w,?)', 17~)I~t~1;i vi;;:,~;2~}) f;~\~;~st I~:IU~Mrry. 4(j4/:l!lfJ It\lIg'U~1 Hi),

VE"l'ERINARY PARASITOLOGIST (E.O.2/'I)---Divisl011 or AnimalHt'allh. 2011190 (Au!..{ml 1(;).

New Chief for Plant Industry0,·, J. Eo Fall< has been appointed Chief of the Division of Plant Industry.He succeeds Ik O. H. Franl,el, F.R.S., who was appointed to theExecutive last year.Tlw Division 01' Plnnt Industry, which is the largestDivision in C.S.I.R.O., hasits headqnarters in Canberm and laborntories andfield stations in WesternAustralia, Tasmania. NewSouth Wales and QneensInnd.11 is (he oldest 01' lhe C.S.I.R.O.Oivisiol1~ and is one of (helargest p)nnf I'csc1urh CClltI'C~ infhe world.The Division has a stafl ofnearly SOD and an annual budget close lo £ I ,lIOG.OOO.

rts work cnCDmpa~"i.cs genelics and plant brecuing, plantintroduction, microbiology, genend chcmbtry, plllnl nutrition,plant biochemistry and biophysics, ecology, agriculturalphysics and agronomy.

p

052##1963

Universifies C()n1Jni~'Siol1. SiI'Le-sHe Mm'(in. mmollllccll thatthe Commission would prolwselbc acquisition of fI number ofSl1tcllite computer's by certainunIversities during the period1964-66.

Sir Lcslie said that, ever sincethe matter of Commollwealth R

supported computers was considered about three years ago.the Australian UniversitiesCommission had been closelyassociated will\ c.S.LR.a. andother Commonwealth scientificagencies in detailed consideration of the most appropriatetype of computers for scientificand training purposes and inthe formulation of the nationalscheme for an integrated network of computers.

The Commission's first con~

cern had been lo ensure that nIluniversities had some computing facilities for scientific andtraining purposes, even beforethe national network carne intobeing, so that the output ofstudents familiar with the useof computers could be acceleJ·ated. He said that there wasan acute shortage of welltrained people in this 11eld.

At a date to be arranAedin the very near future, theGeneral Secretary, BillMenzies. will he going 10Melbourne for a conferencewith Mr. Jack Coombe onthe recent margins decisionand 0111' Salary Claims.

Also, a meeting has beenarranged with representativesof the A.A.E.S.D.A. 10 discuss. with them their recentMemorial for TechnicalStaff at the Atomic EnerAYCommission Establishmenlat Lucas Heights in Sydney.

Mr. Ron Kemp, FederalPresident of the Omcers'Association, has offered hisco.,operation and adviceshould we need it.

At tile time of writing the new Centl'lll Council,staffed by members in New Soutll Wales, is preparingfor the first meeting. So tllat all branclles may haverepresentatives to put their points of view, thefollowing members have offered their services asproxies:

Queenslaltd- Lee Brunkhorst. (Division of Coal Research),Victoritl- Harry GiIlclte (Division of Physics).South Aus1m/ia - Tom Dagg (Division of Animal Physiol~

ogy).Western Australia - Hans Buitenhuis (Division of Animal

Physiology) .

Already the Central Council Work Valuc Sub-committee has held anothermeeting with two new mem~

hers. Messrs. Abel andWasson.

Information correlatedfrom the questionnaire isgradually being developedfor our salary claim.

Following the report andquote from Taylor and Scott(solicitors) through theirIndustrial Advocate, Mr.Daniel Ross, the Sub·col1\mittee has recommended toCouncil that M r. Ross becllgHged to prepare andpresent our case before thePublic Service Arbitrator.

They have also reCOIllmended a levy bc struck tocover his fee.

work in Adelaide, Melbourneand Sydney areas and the compatibility will permit problemsto be transferred from sub~

sidiary computers to the centralCDC 3600 if they become toobig or if local snbsidiary computers become temporarilyover-loaded.

The scheme for a compatiblenetwork of scientific computershas attracted considerable in~

terest overseas, and the specifications of the basic networkhas received favourable comment from a number of computer laboratories and manufacturers.

The computer specificationshave been prepared by a committee of Australian scientists.including representatives of theAtomic Energy Commission,the Australian UniversitiesCommission and C.S.LR.O.,under the Chairmanship ofProfessor S. A. Prentice, Professor of Electrical Engineeringat the University of Queensland.

At' fhe samc time as the COIIlracl for C.S.I.R.O.',' eompulingequipment was anllounced. theChail'lmm of the Austrnlian

The Computing Laboratorywil be run on a service basisand H is expected that. researchworkers from universities, theAtomic Energy Commission,the Bureau of Meteorology, th~

Aeronautical Research Labora~

tories, the BllI'cuu of MineralResources, the National Mapping Section and the Ionospheric Prediction Service willbe among those using thefacilities.

The C.S.l.R.a. subsidiarycomputers will be compatiblewith lhe CDC 3600 computer,They will he capable of handling JDosl types of computingarising from scientific research

ncxl April and delivery of thecomputers is expecled shorllyafterwards.

The CDC 36lJO is consideredone of the mos( advanced elecIronic COI11JHltcrs in the worldand cnn pcrfol'm onc millionoperatjon~ n second or add .15digit numbers at fhe rate ofnearly half n million a second.

The equipment ordered forthe central computer at Canberra will hold over one and ahalf million /lbits" of illforma~

lion in 32,768 high-speed storagl,~ locations and an additional230 million Hbits" on a slackof magnetic discs.

The system has eight magnetic tarIC transports, facilitiesfor reading and producing in~

forma lion on punched card andpaper lape, and equipment forhigh-speed printing and grapb·kal display of results. It willsubslantially increase the computing power available forscientific research in Australia.

A feature of the CDC 3600computer is its ability to switchfrom problem to problem 50rapidly that it can appear to beworking on a number of prob~

lems at. the same time. Thismachine forms 11 most suitablecentral unit for the networkand the system is capable of aconsiderable degree of cxpan~

sion in years to come.

Although much of the workload for the basic network ofcomputers will arise fromC.S.I.R.O.'s own research work,the computing facilities will beavailable to other researchworkers,

Above is all nrti..,t's impress'ion of the new building which will house the Organization'scomputer inslallaUon. The building was designed by the Canberra Branch of the COll1l1lollweahhDepnrhncllt of \Vork'i mul n £l351487 confract for if/) COllsttuction was let recenlly fo Kenncdyand mrd l·fy. Ud. H will bl~ situated Oil the lower .'ilopes 01' Black Monntaiu, Canberra, amiexcnvutiolls for fhe foundations have already begun.

The building will bc broadly cl'ucil"orm in phm. The ~hl)l"t section of the cross will be ofsilJ~le ~hH'C'y consCrucHon 1\nd the longer section of (wo ,storcys. The structure will be ofreinforced COJl(Tcte COHflitl'lldioIl wHh ex(cnml finishes of eXI)()!wd concrete frame ami fncebrick infill Imnels. The window J'mlUcs will he of aluminium and lhere will he double Ah\zingin (he computer urea. The roof will be Iow Ilitchccl.

The computer installation, togc~her wHh clcddml and mechanical pJald rooms, fl(lministrationarcas 11ntl stun' amenities m'e In he located on (he ground floor. The removable floor, wallpnrHtioll.li. windows mul ceiling of fhe section in which the computer and its nncilhny equipmentwill he iHstnncdnn~ IHl§ed on a COll111\on module. This allows flexibility for possible futureallTnngcll1cu( lmd layout The first Hool' will housc n se-rie"i of pl'o~rmnmin~ olnccs amI ~m

iU'ltl'ucfion room. OHicc windows Oil (he firs1 floor will face no..th~east' und south~we~t. SunJ)I"otcction of these onkcs will be pl'ovided by a comhillntion of l)recnst concrete blades andhorizontnl hoods. The sife will be ImHIscapcd and provision has been nmde- fu)" oIT~sfl'eet parkill~tfor both "j,liHol''i uJld~tnft.

CONTRACTS LETFOR COMPUTERS

A contract worth about £1,500,000 has been placed withControl Data Corporation of Minneallolis, Minnesota,U.S.A., for electronic computing equipment for C.S.I.R.O.

Couh'uc(s fm" ussociutcd cqui(JmCllt have been Jllaccd with[ntcfnnti01UlI IJusincss lVluchillCS(Anstntlin) l'ty. Ltd. und wHitAmalgmna(cd Wireless (Austrnlnsill) Ltd.In :May last year, the M.inisterin - Charge of C. S, 1. R, a..Senator Gorlon, announced Cl

national scheme for establishinga high performance central com~puter and a Humber of satell ilesfor the "lcientilk computingrequirements of C.S,I..R.O., universities and Commonwealthbodies. The basi,s DC thisnational network was to beestablished in C.S.I.R,O, andwas to consist of a centralCOm[Hlter and four .subsidiarycomputers.

Control Data Corpora lion isto supply a CDC 3600 computer for thc new c.S.I.R.a.Scientific Computing Labora·tory noW being built at Canberra. CDC will also supplyfour subsidiary computers tobe installcd in c.S,LR.a, research laboratories at Melbourne, Adelaide, Canberraand Sydney.

Punched cards and punchedpaper tape data . preparationequipment, as specified for thenetwork, is to be supplied byI.Il,M. (Allstralia) Ply. Ltd.,and A.W.A. Lld., respectively.

The eDC J600 with its supporting st.aff will be housed ina specially designed buildingbeing constructed on the slopesof Black Mountain, Canberra,near other C.S.I."H.,O. researchlaboratories and the AustralianNational University. The build·ing is due to be completed by

052-1963

(:o\,yrij.{hl [.ulld"n 1'lll1dl.

Assistant forChairman

FOOD CONGRESS

M... A. F. GurncU-SmHh, oCthe Division of 1.and Researchand Regional Survey, has beentransferred to the Secretariat toact as scientific assistant to LheChairman, Sir Frederiek White.

At ti,e ..ecellt World Food ('011

gl·cs.t; iu \Yashingfoll Mr. C. S.Chl'isfian, 11 member of (heExecutive, said fhat Ihe worldhad ul1lplc physi('nl resourcesCo meet Hle food needs of th~

growing global 1)O[lulaiion "fm'the rcmnhult!l' or (his cculm'Yilf leWd, and prohably muchlonger."

Mr, Christian said that available scienti(lc knowledge couldmect the challcnge of the efl'ec"live use of these resources.

"Economic and political factors may continue to retard thefull BSC o[ world resources andthe free flow of products fromone part of the world to another." said Mr. Christian.

"The regions now mostdeficient in food are the oneswhere future populations arelikely to be the greatest, andcach [om.l-deficient countryshould endeavour to !>olve itsown food problems as far aspossible from its own re~

sources."

Mr Christian proposed thatan international centre be established, possibly under theF.A.O.. to train people inI11cl:ho<1s of assessing technicallythe feJ.;ourcc~ of their owncountdes.

Or. O. H. 1('l'nukel. n member of fhe EXN.'ulivc, Infcl', toldHte Con~rcs.lI that i'he fOl'cmosCneed was ror morc and hcUel'universities in devcIollingcountries.

"There mllst be a vast lIn~

tapped reservoir of scientificand tcchni<..'al ability whichawa1t8 the opportunity of training," he said.

"And while there is Cl needof training at all levelsscientists, teachers, technologists, engineers, extensionworkers, Hnd many more - thekey. the foca.l point, is theuniversity. "

Or, Frankel saId many facetsof research still required basicstudies and-if solvecl---wouldmake a drUIlHlticimpact on thefoocl"producing capacity of theearth.

should be taken to cstablishindigenolls research organizations to harness ··science 'tonational development."

Tho Thai Research Corporation may well become themodel for similar institutionsin other developing areas.

"Governments cannot dependon outside experts for adviceon the variety of technicaldecisions called for in development programmes," said Mr.Nicholls.

'lIt is essential that they havetheir own :\cientific udviscrswho are able to take decisionsagainst a background of relevant local cOIHJitions.»

"For this reason

Our pidm'e shows fm'mcl'Shurrowing fI l'icc seed hed nCllrnut Uuri in the celll)'fll J)fnins"egion of Thailand. Controlledirrigation, which is due in1966, will <>Imble (wo c..ops tobe grown eac.h ye1\l'. Lond re~

search simlies to be undertakensho)'tly by (he Ap(llicd Sciclllilic Research Oi'gnnization ofThailand will help determinesuitl1ble nHernntivc secondcrops,

::···:··••••••••• 1I •• 1ll •••••••••••• J11l •• 1I.1ll •••••1I1l1l •• 1lI11 •••• 1I••• 101lI1l.llIlllllllltl •• glll1l1 •• lIl1!1l1l •• lIIl1lJllllJUlIllIllllIlllll

outside experts as researchleaders.

There llTcmanyThni gnrdu~

ates who have had postgraduate experience abroad andthey will form the nucleus ofthe research staff. An overseasprogramme to provide postgraduate research experiencewill enable the research teamto be brought up to the required strength. A target of150 research workers by 1969is expected to be met.

The United Nations is watching this new research unit withparticular interest.

At the D.N.C.S.A.T. meetingin Geneva in February, 1963,there was widespread supportfor Mr. Nichotls' thesis that adeveloping count.ry can improveits situation only if it has itsown national research group,

~••• llllllil •• U •• IlI •• II •• .l!l •• Il •• lIll.lllll •• II•••••• Il.IIIJ.II.Ilil ••• IIl •••••• Il ••• IIIl ••m•• IJ.a.ilIlDII1I1l.lIItl1aIllAllIm.lJIl· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .· .: \ ~

s ..~\. ~· .· .· .· .· .: .:···:·:····~·

of the populations were toopoor to pay Australia's prices.

The second was that eventhose who could afford to buy,and were not prevented byimport restrictions, must havethe dairy food presented tothem in forms they found moreattractive than those of othercompeting high protein foods.

Neither ]u'oblem was insolublc) he said. As indusfriaJization developed in India nodelscwhere in the East - and itwns devcloping fast - thm'cmust be a corresponding increase in the frnclion of tilepopulation elUIJloycd in hcnvyindmdry.

And nm' mu.d cull fol' nhighcr )H'otcill il1lukc.

Help has afso been promisedfrom .sevmaI of the inter~

national· foundations nnd frombilateral aid programmes.

C.S.I.R.O. will be closcly associated with several aspects ofthe research programme throughColombo Plan aid given byAustra'lia.

This will include help withresources surveys of the northeastern and central plains regions; plant introduction andsoit fertility studies; work onplant fibres; and industrialfeasibility studies.

Assistance will also be givenin organizing the central services group providing ac~ount

iog, personnel l and reglstraryfacilities.

The early work o[ the Rescarch Corporation will hnvea heavy applied basis, makinguse where possible of existingscience rather than discoveringnew knowlodge.

However) longer-range andbackground research will notbe neglected.

MARKET FOR DAIRYPRODUCTS IN ASIA

New Research Organization for Thailand

The prohlem of Asin's inahili1y to pay for Australiand~,h'Y producls was not insoluble) sHid Dr. S. H. Bastnw,a memher of the Executive, ~,t

the recent nmmal conference ofthe Victorian Dai)'yfarmcl's'Associntion.

Dr. Bastow, who was delivering the George Howey Memorial Oration, said that apayments problem would beovercome as industrializationof Asia progressed.

A new world, he said, laybefore the dairying industry.

It was ill those countries ofAsia or elsewhere whose popu·lntion had not so far includedmilk products us a major itemof diet.

There were two main problems. Thef1l'st was that most

Thailand is to have a national research organization based on C.S.I.R.O. as a prototype. The ThaiNational Assembly recently passed an Act establishing the Applied Scientific Research Corporationof Thailand as the Government's principal agency for scientific research. The Act was draftedby C.S.I.R.O.'s Officer for International Co-operation, Mr. Frank Nicholls, who has visitedIThailand for this purpose three times in the last three years.Mr. Nicholls has spent The Thai Governmenl has Close co-operation with lhemost of the past three years set aside ample funds for the universities is a feature of the

work dul'ing an initial 'five-year Research Corpol'l1lion's plan ofWOl'ldng in South-east Asia period. operations, and research withinand has visited Pakistan, Considerable assistance in the univcrsilies is to be en-

d providing cxpert help in guid- colll'aged through grants andindia, CeyJon, Thailan, ing reseltrch programmes, in co-operativ~ programmes.Cambodia, South Vietnam, training stalT, and in providing The staIT of lhe ResearchMalaya, Indonesia and the the essential basic equipment Corporation will be mainly

and supplies will be forlhcom~ Thai, although dllring the first!'hilippines. ing from the United Nations five years i\ will be necessary to

He wus n member of ~he Special Fund. place considerable reliance onScicflec Commission appointedby the ]~I'csidcfl(- of [)nldshln in1959 to 6xumille the (,.'uuntry'sscientific efl'ort.

"'fhe Thai Research Corporation will be concerned withresearch [or agriculture, industry and hcalth, and will concentrate on problems affectingnational development

Its Governing Board winconsist of two Governors, aSpecial Governor, and fournon-voting part-time Consultants.

"Mr. Nicholls has been askedto lead the Research Corporation during its formativeperiod, and will, be secoflded t.othe United Nations dUl'lng tlllstime. He will leave Australiashortly to take up his neWassignment.

Mr. Nicholls has prepared acritical assessment of the problems which have impeded thedevelopment of research. inThailand and copies of hisreport have been widely circulated.

The preparation of t~is .report involved :Ul. ex~u:rl1natl?nof the three 1ha1 unlversittesconcerned with scientific activities -. Chulalong Koon University, Kasetsart (Agric~ltur~11lJni:versity, and the Umvennlyof Medical Sciences, as well asthe many laboratories and fieldstations in the Kingdom.

Mr. Nicholls worked ill Thailaboratories and visited all partsof the country. He learnt Thaiand can now read and write thelanguage as well as speak it.

The newly-formcd ResearchCorporation ha~ COllside.rablefreedom of actIOn. It IS ladetermine the terms and conditions of employment of itsstaff without outside supervision, and will l-eceive itsTreasury funds as a grant witl1full power to make inter-itemtrunsfers.

Its initi.al research programme will be organized und~ran Agricultural Research InstJtute and Technological ResearchInstitute. A 'Medical SciencesResearch Institute will beadded later.

052-1963

THIS MONTH'S OVERSEAS TRAVELLERS New Appointees

The idcl1lit'al (ril)!c( calves t'cnlurcd abovc with lVII'. G. ArJ1o)d and ~1r. Redputh of Ihe Divisiollof IJlallt li1du~II'Y nmy be rcg.trdcd, according to the sh\di~fit'al cXlJcr(s, us fhrcc sets of idclllirultWirl.,\: . Thi~ may he nil very well for the. s!ut~~didHn hut. i.s ralhcl' confusing to unyone else.Idcnfl<:al (n,Jlets in caHle arc so rnrc thut If IS doublflll 11· anyone has detcrmined how oftenlhey occur, hut" it is probnhly lI1uch less than once in a million calvinga.

Identical iwin ('alvc~ urc COIllIHlI'ulivcly COnlI110Jl- with dairy I'reeds they 1II'C fOUlllI aboutonce in evel'Y 2,HOO cnlvings. Since thc use of gcnclicully idcntic~JI unimnls in cxpcrimcnfs~nubl.cs I'csc~\lTh workers '0 conduct thcir investigations with considcrably fcwer ullimals l

ldcufleal Iwm caIve~ orc mud1 snught ufler. Hancock ill Ncw Zcaland hns cstublishedcxp~ri.mcufHI,I)~ 1I1ll( each mcmhcr .of a ~e( of itlclllicnl twins will replacc, wHholl1 loss ofsfahfilll'ul effiCiency. 22 unrela(ed nnul1ul,'i when mcnslIl"ing milk yicltI, 9 when mcasuring growthrulc. 72 when memmrinJ~ ~I'nzillg time and 8 when mCI!Suring pasture infnkc.

f\·1uch mom ('nn hc done eXlJcdmcnlnll.v with idenficnJ fl'iplct~, hut Ihat's somclhing whichmi,.dl( bc.'d hl' left. (0 ~hc ,o;'ati,\Hcian to work Old.

Mr. D. H. SOLOMON

IJ.Eng.(Aeronalltieal) [ram theUniversity of Melbourne in1951, he worked for some yearsun air framc design, stressanalysis and lesting. Since 1954he had been a member of thestall of the Physics Departmentof Makercre University College, Uganda, where he has carried out research in the field ofagricultural physics. Hc obtained his Ph. D.. London, in1958.

Mr. n. P. Hux'on has beenappointed to the Division ofLand Research and RegionalSurvey as a member of theDivi~ion's sllrvcy team conducting potentiality surveys ofundertleveloped regions. Agraduate from Cambridge University, Mr. Ruxton has beenn geologist wilh the GeologySurvey Department of theSudan Government, a lecturerin geology al the University o[I-long Kong, and a lecturer ingeomorphology within the Departrncnl of Geology of theUniversity of Ghana, For thelasl lhree years he has been ageologist with the Bmeau ofMincrfll H.esources.

MI·. I). ,hlkobsCII Ims joinedthe Analytical Group of theDivisiDn of Protein Chemistrywhere he will work on thedevelopment and improvemento[ analytical techniques required in protein research. Agraduate in agricultural science

Mr. P. JAKOBSEN

Printed hy C.S,T.R.O .• Melbourne

from the Royal Vclerinary andAgricnltural College. Copenhagen, Mr. Jakobscn hasworked with the Department ofWorks und the P.M.O.

DI'. D. H. Solomoll has beenappointed lo lhe Division ofApplied Mineralogy \vherc hewiU carry out research Oil certain clay-organic complexesand other mincral-organic complexes. After graduating inscience from the UnivcrsiLy ofNew South Wales in 1953 hebecamc a demons\rator andleaching fellow in the University's Organic Chemistry Deparlment. In 1956 he ioinedthe Resin and Polymer Sectionof the Balm Paints ResearchLaboratory and in 1959-60 wasseconded 10 the I.C.l. ResearchLaboratory, Paints Division, inthe U.K. He received his Ph.D.from the University of NewSouth Wales in 1959.

1\'11'. 1, J. Spark, a sciencegraduate from the Universitvor Melbourne. has joincd theDivision of Tribophysics wherehe will as~ist in the researchactivities or the melal physicsgroup.

Wildlife Belts Up

Miss 1'. M. lIell, who obtuinedher M,Sc. from the Universityof Sydney last year, has joinedthe Wheut Research Unit whereshe will work on the Course ofhydrolytic enzyme rc-actions inwheat Oour ooughs and otherreia ted systems.

MI"' D. A. Uighnm, a recentscience graduate from the University of Adelaide, has beenappointed to the Division ofOrganic Chemistry where he

will take part in the Division'sinvestigations on the isolationand slructural determination ofbiologically active substancesof natural origin, and on synthetic organic chemistry, particularly in the fields of organometallic and organo-ph.osphorus chemistry.

Dr. J. 11. Coombe has joinedthe grassland agronomy sectionof the Division of Plunt Indus·lry. A graduate in agrieullorulscience from the University ofMelbourne, Mr. Coombe obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Melhourne in 1961 andhas since been undertaking postdoctoral work ut the RowettResearch Institute in Scotland.

Mr. M. .J. Goodspeed hasbeen appointcd to the Divisionof Land Research and RegionulSurvey where he will nndertakeresearch an problems of surface and ground water hydrology. Since graduating inscience from the University ofAberdeen he has worked withthe Royal Naval Scientific Service, the General ElectricCompany in London. theBureau of M ineral Resourcesund the Department of theInterior.

Mr. H. L. Hull has beenappointed to the Division ofTropical Pastures where he willtake purt in the Division'sagrostological investigations in1he spear grass region ofQueensland. Since graduatingB.Se.(Hons.) in lhe faculty ofAgricullure at Nottingham Uni·versily in 1959 he has been ademonstra\or at the GrasslandResearch Institute at Hurley.

Dr. C. W. Rose has joinedthe Division of Land Researchand Regional Survey where hewill take part in research onplant ~ micro - environmentstudies concerned particularlywith the effIciency of watcrutilization by plunts. Artergraduating !l.Sc. from the University o[ Sydney in 1949 and

Mr. D. A. BIGliAM

Few people dispute that. safetybelts in cars do save Jives,Recently a number of organizations, private and public, havefitted them to company undofficial cars,

Head Omce drivers. for example, have found that cars onhire from \he Department ofSupply have been eqnippedwith safety bells for severalmonths.

Recently the Division ofWildlife Reseurch decided toequip all its vehicles with bells.Other Canberra divisions haveshown interest, and Entomologywill soon foJIaw suit.

The day may be not fardistant when safety bells will bestandard fittings in C.S.T.R.O.vehicles.

\)1'. A. L. G. Rees, Chief ofthe Division of Chcmi(>llPhyslcs. lelt lust month forov~rseas where he will attendthe XXIInd Conference ofl.U.P.A.c. in London as leadero[ the Australian delegation,and mcclingl'l of the Commis~ion on Physico-Chemical Drtt'land Standards, Dr. Rees willalso attend the XIXth International Congress of Pure andApplied Chemistry in London,and vis.it various instilulionaland indus\rial laboralories inU.K., U.S.A .. Canada, Norwayand Japan.

I)... It. O. SJuty... of theDivision of Land Research andRegional Survey, left Australialast week fo.. the U.S.A. wherehe will spend about ninemonths af the Duke Unlversity,Durham, North Carolina, working in the Department ofBotany and Forestry with Dr.I<ramcl' and Dr. Billings. Dr.SlatyeI' will also attend theUNESCO Latin Ame..ican AridZone Conference in BuenosAyres next September.

Ik I'. L. Wate..s o[ the Divisi on of Coal Research leftrecently for the USA. wherehe will attend the OOi'donResearch Conference on CoalScience at New Hampshire. allhis wuy to lhe States he spentCl week in London visiting theUritish Coal Utilization Research Associatiol1.

Japanese VisitorMr. Eikichi Suzllki has beennominated by the Japaneseauthorities for an Australianlntcrnalional Award to undertake twelve months study of thehigher structure of proteinfibres. He has commencedwork at the Division of ProteinChemistry.

Ancngineering graduate ofYokohama National University,Mr. SuzlIki has been engugedin research on the fine structures of Hbre-forming highpolymers at the Textile Research Institute, Yokohamasince 1955.

aUcnd the American ChemicalSociety Conference on thermalanalysis of high polymers illI'kw York City.

Mr. \V. Ivcs, Associate Member or the Ex.ecutivc, is at present in London for the InterimRcview Conference of theCon1lllonwcalth AgriculLuralBureallx

Mr. W. 11. Kenllelly of lheDivision of Building Researchis at present working on building llperations and economk:;;;althc Building Research Stationin England. He will attend theInternational Conference onOperational Research in Oslotbis month and will visit anumber of research establishIllcnls in the U.K" Europe, andthe U.S.A, before returning toAustralia towards the end ofthe year.

\),..11. S. McKee of the Divi!'i,ion of Plant Induslry is atpresent on a nine month plantcollecting mission to France,Srm(h .and Central America, theWest Illdies and Hawaii. Dr.McKec will collect plantmaterial3 for trials as fodderplants in the warm parts ofAustralia and will establish contacts with institutions able toprovide such materials on anexchange basis.

Mr. R. G. ]·cnrsoll of theDivision of Forest Products leftlast month to study currentresearch and developments intimber engineering overseas.Jnitially he will go to SoulhAfrica by invitation of theNational Building Research Institute, C,S.I.R., [or consultations with officers of the recently formed Timber Unit.He will then visit the mainresearch laboratories in his fieldin Great Britain, Europe, Scantlinavia and North America,and will spend some time withseveral Umber designing andfabricating firms. During September, he will u((end theConference of Section 41 of theInternational Union of ForestryRcsen rch 0 r g ani z a t ion s(IUFRO) and the FAO Conference in Wood Technology to beheld at the Forest Products Research Laboratory, Madison,Wisconsin.

Br. G. D. AH{'hisOIl, OJnccr inCharge of the Soil MechanicsSectam, returned recently fromoverseas aUel attending theAfrican Regions Conference on~()il Mechanics and FoundationEngineering at Salisbury.Rhodesia.

Dr. L lJul'loll-IJl'ownc of theDivi"ion of Entomology leftfor the U.S.A. last month wherehe has been invited to workwith Professor E. G. llodgsol1at Columb'ia University forabout two months. I-le will alsotake part in a Symposium onChcmi-rcccption i 11 Arthropodsto he held during the .International Congress of Zoologyin \Vashington next August.Hc will visit a number of' research centres ill the lJ.S.A,and the U.K. before returningto Australia.

Dr. K. McG. Bowling of theDivision of Coat Research Icrtlast week f~Jr the United Staleswhere he will attenu 1he Gordon RCflcan:h Conference onC_:nal Science anti visit a number of il1stltuUon~ concernedwith gasification research.

~1r. G.F. 11. Uox, o[ theDi vision of Ch~ll1ical Physics,is at present visiting researchcenlrc~ anti commercial Hrmsin Ihe United States in connection with developrnents inelectronic instrumentation. Ilewill also visit the U.K ..Germany, Holland, France,Switzerland, Haly and Japan.Mr. Box will attend Lhe International Electronics Components and Semi - ConductorSymposium in Bash~ and willalso visit licensees of theDivision's patents in the f-iel{!of atomic absorption spectroSCllPY for djscus~-.jons concerning the various itel11s ofelectronic auxiliary apparatllsdeveloped by him.

Mr. A. n. Huyley, o[ theDivision of Textile Physics,will spend about five IncH1tbsworking wiLh Professor Dole ofthe Chemistry Department ofNorth-\Ncstern Univcrsity, llIinois, on calorimcLry of polymers. He will spend about twoweeks visiting research centresin London before this and wi.Jl

052-1963

CORESE HFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O. STAFF - NUMBER 53, MELBOURNE, AUGUST 1963

NEW CHIEF FOR SOILS Memorial Lecture

Kangaroo Enthusiast

Sir Howard will come toMdbourne in August to openthe Universily of Melbourne'snew £370,000 lluward FloreyLaboratory for FxrerimentalPhysiology.

OBITUARYDI'. Andrejs Steinbcl'gs, or theI>ivisioJl ofPlnnt hldustl'y,died on Snntln,Y, 231'd .June l atthe nge or 59 }'Cal'S.

Dr. Sleinbergs graduated inInduslria! Chclllbtry aL theUniversity of Riga, Latvin, in1934. He came te) Australia in1949 anu joined the Divisionof Planl Industry. He wurkedfor a shun period at theWestern Australian RegionalLaboratory before moving toCan berm earlyinl95U.

1-lis work in the Divisionwas concerned mainly wilh thestudy of sulphur in soils. Ananalyst of outstanding skiU andability, Dr. Steinbergs developed new methous for theanalysis or ,sulphur in soils andplant mnlerial. He used thesemethods in subsequent studiesrelated to the availability ofsoil sulphur to plants and therole of sulphur Jertilizcrs insoil fcrtiJity. l-lis confribution(0 this field of soil-plant sciencewas a valuable one.

]n tbe fourteen years he waswith the Division, "Anclrew"Steinbergs proved himseH atrue friend lo many.

His death is n great loss bothto science and to his manyfriends and colleagues.

Sir Dnvid was Chief ]~xcc.'uHyc

OfficerJ null lafer Chairman, 01'the Council fm' ScienUfic nnc)Indus1rinl Rcsearch.He. was, more than any otherperson, responsible for estabIi,hing the pallern of C.S.I.R.O.as we know il today.

Those who worked with SirDavid fell lhat the most fitlingmemorial for him would be theestablishment or a Davjd RivettMemorial Fund which couldbe used to finance a formallecture to be delivered in oneor other of the capi(al cities ofAustralia once every (wo year::.by a man who had reached thehighest ranks of achievementin scientific research.

Following a most successfulappeal, arrangements h a v ebeen made for the Jirstmemorial lec(urc to be delivered by the Pre,idenl of theRoyal Society, Sir llowardFlorey, at Wilsoll Hall, University of Mclbournc 1 onThursday, 5th September.

The litle of the lecture willbe "The Development ofM odem Science".

Sir Howard Florey was bornin Adelaide in 1898. He waseducated at the Universities ofAdelaide and Oxford and hasbeen Professor of Pathology atOxfol'dsinee 1935.

He was knighted in 1944 andin the following year he wasawarded jointly with Dr. E. B.Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming a Nobel Prize for 1\-1cdicinein recognition oC his work onthe applications of penicillin"

In 1957 the Royal Society.into whose I'cllowship he waselected in ] 94"1, awarded himlhe Copley Medal, it, highestaward.

Following the death in Apl'il, ]96], of Sir David Rivett,several of his colleagnes proposed that a suitable memOl'illlshoulil be established to preserve the vigorons stimulns ofhis leadership.

Professor E. G, HALLSWORTH

wilb the integration of these Altbough Professor Halls-in investigalions of soil fertility worth will not be able to take~\11d the relationship between up his new duties until afterplant growth and the soil en- nexl Easter, it is expec(ed thatvironment. he will visit the Division for a

few weeks in October andNovember (his year.

1n the meantime, Mr. Taylorwill continue to act as Chief ofthe Division.

Professor E. G. Hallsworth, ])rofessor of Agricultural Chemistry at theUniversity of Nottingham, has been appointed Chief of the Division ofSoils. He will succeed Mr. J. K. TayIOl', who retires this month after36 years service with C.SJ.R.O.Professor Hallsworth graduated n.sc. at the University of Leeds in 1936 andbecame Assistant Lecturerin Agricultural Chemistl·yat that University.He obhtincd his l)h.D. fromLeeds in 1939 Hud in 1940 orametu AUlilmlia ~IS l./cctul'CI' illAgricultural Chemistr)' nt' HwlJnivcrsily of Sydney.

In 1950 he returned lo Englandto become Professor of Agricultural Chemistry and Deanof [he Faculty or AgnculturalChemistry at the University ofNottingham. where he took aIcading part in building lip oncof the most nourishing depart N

ments or agricullure in theUnited Kingdom.

In 1960-61 Professor Hallsworth revi~ited Australia asVisiting ProfessOl of SoilScience at the University of\liIestcrn Australia.

The Division of Soils is oneof the oldest and largest of theC.S.I.R.D. Divisions and wasfounded in 1927.

It has its headquarters andmain laboratories in Adel.Rideand branch laboratories inBrisbane, Canbena, Perth andH.obul'L lthus: a Bt~dt-of _GomeISO people, about 80 of whomare grauuate scientists.

The Division is concernedwith research on soils, including pedological, chemical,physical, microbiological andmineralogical studies, together

In thc last few weckslhe Minister in Chargc of C.S.J.n..O' J Scnator COl'hm, has visited theNatiOlUlI Standards Lubol'1ltq.ry in Sydney 11Iul the Divisions of Elltomo]ogy, Land Rcsenrt.·h andRegional Survey, and Wildlife Rcsc~...ch in Canberra. Our picture shows Scnatm' GOl'tOIl at the

..IlIlll.\i.wllIL Stnndlll'l!s Lnbol'lltol'Y with DI', U. G. GiovllJlclli (Iel'l), ChicI' 01' lhe Division ofl)hrli,l~ 1'. J. V. Rnmsay examinill~ equipment 1'01' audio cOll1municn(ioll using frequcncy

~.nftJ(ltl1"a"'tl,.ygA a carrier. This equipment wus developcd by Dr. Hmmmy.

wrote to him asking- if shecould ob lain a temporary ])osiM

tion wHh the Diyision to nssistwith the lahol'afory work 011

\m ngaI'o·os.

Pat, who is 20 years old, is asludenl at Wellesley College,Massachusetts, where she hasjust cornpleted the (hiI'd yearof a four year B.A. degreecourse with a major in/oology

She paid her own fare toAustralia and is now workingwith the Division's marsupiallearn during [le1' universityvacation.

Her personality, determinaH

tiem, skill and rapid applicationto the work have earned herthe genuine admiration of hercolleagues and the researchslall.

The following vacancies for profcssional HI)llOiutlllCl1tS arccurrent:

EXPERIMENTAL OFFICER m.o.ll2).----Division 01 Entomology.lUtJ1224 (Septembl'r 21J).

PLAN"I' l'IIYSIOLL)(~IS·I· (R.O./S.R.D. ).--,-Hol'ticI111111·al Rt'~cal'ch

Section. '490/124 (AlIg\l~1 1b)"t."lATlIEt.,,[ATICIAN OH. TIlE-OH ETICAL PI-IYSICIS'j (S.R.a.!

P.R.O.).---Divi;;iuII uf Food Pl-t~l'n'i~tillll. :-iOO!%H (August 9).VETERINARY PARASITOLOGIST (E.'.)_ 2r11.---Divhion oJ Aninml

1I1'ahh. 201/t t}(l (All~U'\t IG).VETERINARY HACTERIOLOGIS"l (R.O./S.R.O.l. Division of

Animal Ik'"lhh. 202/220 (August~))EXPE.lUMI~NTAL OFFICER (E.D.I/2).

dtl5lry. 'Jli'~/:Jl)fi (;\IIt~llSt 1(j) .

APPOINTMENTS VACANT

A young mcmber of hisaudience, [)nt- UergCI', wns !l0

fuscimtted by his lcctlH'c IIncl byIhe HIm he showed that ~hc

Miss P. BERGER

During his visit to the United States last year Dr. G. n. ~===========:..:======================;Sharlllllll, of the Division of Wildlife Research, gave aleetnre on the biology llnd reproductiou of the kangaroo.

053##1963

MININGlN NORTH QUEENSLAND

July, 1954, by a prospectingsyndicate led by two MountIsa identities. Clem WalloH andNorman MeConaehy.

The open cut mine is oil asteep hillside. At present it isproducing about six thollsandtons per day of uranium ore.

The changing fortunes ofMary Kathleen U ran i u mLimited typify the ups andclowns of the mining industry.The plant was put in operationin June, 1958. following aaintensive period of planningand construction.

Since then it has earnedmillions of pounds for itsshareholders, while fulfilling a.£40 million contract for theUnited Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.

In SCI)tembel' the minc is tobe closed down for on indcfillMHe period, hecamte demand foruraninn} does not justify con~

tinuing production. The mineand township will be mniuM(ained so that O(lCl'utioIls cunbe renewed when demand im~

IlfOVC.IIi.Mary Kathleen township is

a model mining community.The town was laid Ollt in avalley, with good soil, aboutthree miles from lhe mine.

Most of the population ofabout a thousand is made upof families, living in two orthree bedroom, all electric,houses which they rellt fromthe company.

The hOllses arc all built witheast-west orientalion and haveample provision for throughpassage of air to temper thesevere heat of summer ~

There are quarters for singlemen, and all employees andtheir families share a cafeteriawhich seats 350 people camfOl-tabl)'.

The most striking feature ofthe town is its garden selling.During the construction no treewas cut where this could pos~

sibly be avoided, and as aresult. the white ghost gums,(Jw green lawns, and the flowering trees and shrubs make acolourful picture.

Though rain falls rarely inthe dry season, water is inabundant supply all year round.Two reservoirs have been built,onc OIl the Corella River andthe other on the eastern branchof the Leiehhardl.

View looking nOl'fh llcross theMt. isa mill and smelters showiug the 503 H. stack for thenew copper smelter on the rnrlen.

The mining operations areonly a few hundred yards fromthe loading jetty, which cantake large orc carriers up to20,000 tons displacement.

The COMALCO communityat Weipa is a small onc ofabout eighty men. There isalso a camp, maintained by theDutch dredging firm that hasalmost completed dredging theport and its approaches,

A Presbyterian mission, theoriginal Weipa settlement) is inclose proximity to the mine.Here live some 200 aborigines,some of whom are employedby the mining company.

The lllirty we!,e nil t!'emendously imp!'essed with what theysaw in Nortll Queensland. Thevastness of the country, its fewoccupants, its mineral wealth,all stdke nle visitor forciblynnd provide him with much tothiuk about.

The newly fomled Central Council, staffed by members in New South Wales, met in the NationalStandards Laboratory Cafeteria on 17th June, 1963.

A.C.T. Election Results.The A.C.T. Branch will again function as a full branch

with the support of sumcient members. N. Bradbury waselected Vice~ChairI11aIl and A. Leistncr was appointedBranch Publicity Officer.

Central CouncilTwo sleps in the expansion programme of the Technical

Association were announced - a grant of £20 to coverinitial costs of setting up the recently formed \VcsternAustralian Branch was authorized hy Central Council. andit was decided that a circular would be scnt to all eligiblestaff in N.S.W., encouraging them to join the TechnicalAssociation.

V\'estern Australia was informed that farm assistants werenot eligible for membership.

Worl< ValuesA motion was moved that an Advocate be retained to

prepare and possibly present the work. value case (0 lhePublic Service Arbitrator, and that if an Advocate beretained, a levy may be struck for individual members topay the cost of the Advocate.

When the Memorial for the Technical Staff is submittedto tho Arbitrator by the Technical Association, hisdecision will depend partly on the percentage of TechnicalStaff represented by the Association.

It is therefore essential that the drive for greater membership of the Association should be successful.

Central Council Meetings;lit~i'i't~lt has been decided to hold Central Council meetings on

,thi!'-!jlIrd Tuesday of each month.

For years the Corella reservoir was treated with cetylalcohol by the Mansfield process to reduce evaporation,but recently water has been soplentiful that treatmcnt hasbeen slopped as it is unnecessary.

The East Leiehhardt dam wasbuilt as an insurance againstdrought and has never beenused to supply the mine ortown.

From Mary Kathleen theparty returned to Mount Isa,t.hen on to Townsvillc where aday was spent in visiting thecopper refinery of Mount IsaMines Limited, North Australian Cement Lld., andTownsville University College.

The party then moved on toCairns for an overnight staybefore nying to Weipa, viaCooktown.

Weipa is the site of immensedeposits of high grade bauxite.the raw malerial for productionof aluminium.

Bauxite is produced byCOMALCO Industries Pty.Ltd. to supply the company'salulllinium plant at Bell Bay,Tasmania, and to fulfiJI amajor contract to Japan. Shipments arc also sent to Europe.

Last .Tune a small group from C.S.I.R.O. visited the mining centres ofMount Isa, Mary Kathl~en,;andW~ip~)nNorth Queensland to learn asmuch as possible aboutl1ecentcdevelopments in the mining industry inthis remote, but important, part of Australia.The party also had discus- ' both lead-zinc and copper ores,sious with the stall' of the making Mount Isa one of the

great base metal deposits ofmining companies on how the world.C.S.I.R.O.'s research pro- These di.,coveries have re-gramme might he aligned sulled in n huge ]Jl'Ogrnmme ofto give the greatest help to e<["lIlsion. Over £30 milliou

has been invested hy Hte cOln~the industry. pany in the last six years illfVlcllIbcrs of the group were cXlmnding )Jroductioll,Lord Cnscy, Dr. S. H. Uasto'W. A sum almost as great isaud Dr. I. W. Wark, of the being spent by the State Gov-Executive; Pl'ofessOI' E. Rudd. ernmcnl, with Commonwealthu member of the Advisory ~lIpport. in rebuilding the raiJ-Council; 1"11', n.. G. Thomas, way between Mount Isa andformel' Chief or the Uivisioll 'rownsvillc, where the com-of Mincl'rll Chcmi.'l(ry; Mr. pany's copper rcHnery is situ-A. J. Ga<kin, Chici' or the ated, nnCl whieh is the port forDivision of Applied Chemi~(ry; shipment of concentrates andMr. T. E. Newnhnm, Chief of metal.

:~lt~":~:~~~~I'~fL~I~:~~l~~~~~~~I: Up till now this railway haRin . Chnrgc of the Industrinl been a .bottleneck in restricting

the rale at which production;(c.fJenrch Linisolt Section. can be expanded, but even soMount lsa was the first stop ,Mount Isa Mines Limited hasror the party. Here, at Aus- for some time been Australia'straIia's largest non-ferrous largest individual exporter inI11c(als mine, lead-zinc-silvcr terms of sales to overseasore and copper ore fire broughl customers.

;~I::t'I~£u~~F~ro~:'I;o~~'~~:~;r.~ ~£e~fi~:~~:~~~~~~~~;~-:~~~cering achievement. more plcasan( place for the

Silver-lead ore was first dis- 14,000 people who Jive there.covered at 'Mount [sa in 1923 is the construction of Lakeby John CampbelJ Miles. a Moondarra, a reservoir of 17{-lone prospector travelling thousand million gallon sthrough this wild and remote capacity, mnde by damming thearea on horseback. ll1cn, as Lcichhardt River.

di~ide~hisin~~tt1~l1ncsou~~Ihw~f In conjunction with the Riflehundreds of square miles. Creek dam, which previously

supplied the town, the storageThe mining company that of Lake Moondarra ensures

was founded in t924 to work that there is always an amplethe ore body discovered by water supply.Miles passed through manyvicissitudes before it paid its In addition the lake providesfirst dividend in 1947. • popular pleasure resort twelve

Originally Australian-owned, miles from M'ount I8a. Swim-the mine proved in its early ming, water-skiing, fishing andyears to be a sink [or money. boating are round the yearControl passed firs.t to a British sports in the North Queenslandfinn, Russo-Asiatic Consoli- climate.dated Lld. (later the Mining Although the commercialTrust Ltd.). which provided section of MOllnt Isa is farcapital until even Hs large .rc~ from beautiful, the area insources were overstrnined. which the company has built

Then the American Smelting houses for its staff is an oasisand Refining Company, or New in the dry landscape. The air-York. provided additional conditioned houses arc verycapital, and now the American comfortable, and because of thefirm holds more than half of ample water supply gardens arcthe common stock. cool and colourful.

Of recent years the opera- From Mo un t 1sat h etion of the mine has been C.S.I.R.O. team travelled by airhighly profitable. Exploratior taxi and car some forty Il,ilesin the last ten years l1as. re- east to Mary Kathleen.vcaled immense deposits of This is the site of a unique

deposit of uranium and rareMinet's underground al. Mt. Isn. earths that was discovered in

053-1963

Ilml!ilmlmllilmllllill~

Honours

As the result' ot! a l'ItJCcnt ul>pcnlfor increased investment in thec.s.l.n.o. Co-operative C.·edllSociety, funds arc now uV~lil

able for members wishing wobtuin 11 loun.At pl'cscnl there is practically110 waiting period for loans,provided borrowers can provide adequate security.

Membership of 'he Societyis open to all olficcrs and employees of the Organization.'fhe minimum requirement formembership is the purchase of(ive £1 shares. in the Society.These may be purchased outright or by fortnighlly instalments.

An entrance tee of 2/- is alsocharged to cover initial costs.

In the case of permanentofTicers, a lien on the borrower'ssuperannuation contributionswill be adequate securilY formost purposes, unless the borrower is a relativ0ly newappointee ami his contributionsare small.

In such cases, registeredmortgages on property ownedby the borrower or assignmentof life assurance policies (ifthe surrender value is sunlcient)may be olIered as security.

rhc maximum amount theSocielY can lend is .£1000, repayable over a period of 5years, at .£9/5/11 a fortnight.'The Society carries the cost ofthe death-indemnity cover, uncler which policy the loan isautomatically discharged in theevent 01 the death of theborrower.

Dr. J. F. nrotcbie of the Engineering Section luts beenelected lo an associatc membership oJ the {nstitution ofEnginccrs l Aw;tralia.

Dr. A. L. (,. nees, Chief ofthe Division of ChemicalPhysics and Chairman of theChemical Research Laboratories, hCls been elected amember of t[le Executive Com~

miltce of t.he InternationalUnion of Puru and AppliedChemistry.. Ik n. O. SllIlyer o[ theDivision of Land Research andRegional Survey, who leftAustralia recently to spendabout nine months at the DukeUniversity in North Carolina,has been awarded a SeniorForeign Scientist Fellowshipby the United States NationalScience Foundation during hisstay at the University.

FinanceAvailable

ciated with the utilization ofthe timber from young, quicklygrown trees.

In Australia, the utill1.ationof immature eucalypt timbersis now beginning to aSSUJ1l~

importance I but as yet we haveh~d little experience in meetingthe problems involved. TheDivision, however, has had avery wide experience with oldereucalypts, and this should provide an important backgroundto work on younger material.

The results of Mr. Cllevas'sresearch with the Divisionshould be of considerable valueto both Australia and Chile,and to cOllntries where cLlcalypts are grown.

J10llowing the recent retirement0\' nr. N. S. Noble as Editorand OmCCl'-ill~Chul'gc of theEditorial und Puhlicu1ions Section, Mr. A. E. Scott- has beenullpointed Editor-ill-Chief. MI'.ScoU was pl'cvionsly I\s§i~tanf

EdU'OI' of '-he Section.

Editor-in..Chief

Dean:

pub/ish or perishTowards the end of the 15th Century the Duke of Milan mischievouslypmposed a debate between proEessors of the University of Pavia amiLeonardo da Vinci. The following dialogne was recorded between theDean allll a professor.Dean: "Da Vinci? Doctor or magister?"Professor: H!y'cilher a dcx:tor Ilor a magister, 110/ even et baccalaureate, hw just

~}III~)Jy the lIrflsf. Leonardo -~-- lhi! one who !Jainted the La.H Supper."Why, have ar/lsts beCt;Jllle men of sciellce nowadays? Leol1Cll'dO'?

Have heard naught of hll11. tVlJat works hns 11f! written'!"Professor: "None. He does not publish tltem," .

From "The Romance of Leonardo Da Vinci" by Dmitri M.erejkowski.

WOOll TECHNOLOGIST FROM CHILE~r.L. E. Cu~v~s, Chief of the llepul'tmcnt' of Wood Tedmologyof 'he Foresfl'y School at t'he Univel'sity of Chilc t ha'i beenaWilrded n tweivc monlh fellowshiJl '0 wOl'k wifh the Divisioltof FOl'est I»I'oduds. '

He will carry oul studies onthe seasoning ol' timber fromimmatllre eucalypts prior topreservation treatment.

Chile, in common with mostLatin-American countries, hasplanted eucalypts extensively,and for the past few years hasbeen facing the problems asso-

Om' picture shows a model prc{)urcd by the Department of Public Works, nrisbnnc, of thcproposed laboratory for the Division of Tropicnl Pastures at Towllsville. The main buildingwill occupy some 160 SCI1Ull'CS und will bc air-condiHnlled throughout. The lubol'utOl'y will helocated on a 50 nCI'e block adjncenl to tlte new Townsville University site lit the. foot or MOllntSllllU.t lInd on the blinks of the Ross River. The estimated cost of the bnilding is £172,000 andit is hOlled to cull tenders for Us const-rlJctioll' in Decembel' 1his year.

There are probably many people in C.s.I.R.O. who donot realize that the Organization patents many of theinventions and processes developed in its laboratories.

III fact, C.S.I.R.O. holds several the early stages of production,huudred Austrnlilm and foreign It enslIres lhal technical assist-patents and patent npplicMiolls, ance is available at lhe timeand hns entered in.o licensing when an invention is mostugl'eemcn(s concerning more vlllnerabl~ to technologicalthan half of them. shortcomings in fIrms that

cmployil.Similar safeguards can be

observed in connection withinventions that take the formof mechanical or eleclricaldevices, 1n such cases licencesusually include a requirementthat the licensee sllbmit a production model of the device forapproval, which must be obtained before commercial production commences.

In addition, there are someinventions which may be expected to involve a developmental expenditure on thepart of the potential users thatwill be large in relation to thereturns that are likely toaccrue to a firm undertakingcommercial application.

In such cases there may bestrong reasons for encouragingmanufacture. For example, aspecialized instrument may berequired for research or pro-duction, yet the total market of the C.S.I.R.O. effort, Pl'o~ lions in overseas countrieswill inevitably be quite small. duces its share of patentable when thes.e are patented inven-

inventions. t') sA potentially important de- In exploiting these invention:i H n .

vice that has been carried only considerations arise that differ 1"0 e-l1couragc the widest pas-ta the stage of laboratory in some respectb from those sible application of wooloperation may require a great applying to the bulk of technology patents it is thedeal of development work be- C.S.LR.O. research develop- general practice to charge bothfore commercial application ments. Australian and foreign licenseescan be conmlenced. Less than 10% of the Aus- ~~~r:, u~~~minul royaltiob for

]n circumstances like these tralian wool clip is processed inno manufacturer may be pre- Australia, and for this reason For better or worse thepared to risk substantial cx~ the application of C.S.I.R,O. patent system has a 'firmlypcnditure all development or inventions in the Australian esl"nbJished place in Lhe l,)T'CScnttooling unless assured of ex- wool textile industry, while day industrial scene.elusive rights to the invention important, is only the first C.S,I.R.O. in seeking thefor the life of the patent

lor step. If the wool production adoption of innovations arising

possibly for some shorter industry and the Australian from the work of its resea.rchperiod. economy arc to gain the maxi- units, finds it des'irable to con~

Granting SHch a monopoly mum benefitfrol1l_the promQ~ form to the,gel1~J;ally accept~dmay represent the only means tional possibilities arising from practice of protecting its in-for securing the application of wool research, then these inventions by patents.the invention. Exchange rights l1ovatiOl1s must be applied But l whereas the normal andcannot be granted unless the wherever wool is used, legitimate objective of an in-invention has been patented. The problems oE promoting dustrial firm in patenting is to

It must be cm!lhasized that the use of new processes and protect its sole right to an. processing equipment through- invention for the statutory

the p....nary object of patent- out the wool consuming period of the patent, and toing C.S.I.R.O. inventions in countries of the world are operate it for profit. theAus!l'alia is to enconrage the formidable; however it is very primary objective of C.S.I.R.O.widest )lOssible use for invcn- much easier to make suitable in patenting in Australia is totions, and no' to ohhlin I'cvcnlle arrangements for the com- secure the most widespread andfrom royaHics. mercial development of innova- eJIective use of its inventions.

The measure of success of r------------------------this policy is the extent towhich it assists in the industrial adoption in Australia ofinn()vations arising fro mC.S.I.R.O. research.

On the other hand whenC.S.I.R,O. inventions are patented in oversea countries itis the general practice to seeknormal commercial royaltiesfor their use and in some casesvery substantial royalty payments have been received fromforeign licences.

The programme of research011 wool technology, whichrepresents an important part

Patents Aid Research

The objective o[ C.S.LR.O. inpatcnli ng is not, a~ is oftensupposed, to protect its rightto an invention and operate itfor pro1il, but to bring aboutthe most widespread andcJ-reclive use of the inventionby Australian industry.

Until a few years ago it wastaken [or granted that publication 'of the results ofC.S.I.R.O.'s ,. e sea l' c h wassufllcient lo achieve this aim.It was assumed that industrywould be keen to put the results of this research to practical use.

However, cxpeI'ience showedthat this was not generally soand that further C.SJ.R.O.action was necessary tostimulate the adoption of itsinventions.

It is now generally appreciated that C.S.I.R.O. must playan active parl to bring aboutthe industrial application of itsinventions otherwise many ofthese will remain unused.

Patents on C.S.I.R.O.'s inventions can be employed loassist the effective industrialuse of research results, Insome cases l were it not forpatents, important research results would not have beenbrought into practice and theresearch which led to themwould not have been used tothe best eITect, or may evenhave been wasted.

In addition processes thatrequire some measures of technical control may becomediscredited if thrown open forgeneral use without any supervision of the initial stages ofapplication.

Written instructions areoften disregarded or misunderstood, and adequate technicalassistance· may in any case belacking, with the result thatthe process may be incorrectlyapplied and then discarded asunsatisfactory.

Patenting provides an effective method for controlling theuse of a process in such a waythat technical assistance maybe given when it is needed andthe good name of the processprotected.

Firms that wish to use theprocess, and are equipped andstarred to do so cll'ectivelY, 'canthen be licensed under conditions that permit collaborationbetween C.S.I.R.O. and thelirm in achieving a satisfactorytechnical standard in initialoperations.

While this kind of supervision will generally not continue to be exercised beyond

053-1963

Printed bv C.STR,O., Melbourne

where he will carry out investigations into the uses of digitalcomputers for engineering control and design. Mr. Mortonworked for a short while withtho English Electric Company.

Miss M. I. Vi10li liS has beenappointed (0 the Division ofSoils, where she will carry ontwork on the microbial nodulation of sulphur in Australir\nsoils, After completing herscience degree at the Universityof Adelaide in 1959. MissVitolins worked as a del11on~

strator in bacteriology for

Mr. R. A. H. MORTON

Mr. R. A. H. Morlol1, whorecently obtained his Bachelorof Electrical Engineering at theUniversity of Melbourne, hasjoined the Engineering Section,

l\-Ir. c. n, 'Villialllson hasjoined the Division of Soils.He will carry out fertilizer fieldexperiments and ch e In i c a 1studies of soils wilh a view 10

developing methods for measuring fertilizer requirementsthroughout the wheat belt ofNew South Wales. An Agricultural Science graduate fromlhe University of Sydney, hehas spent the last two yearsworking with the Soil Conservation Service of New SouthWales.

Miss M. J. VITOLINS

medical a n cl ph a r In a c ystudents. During 1960-61 shewas a research assistant at theUniversHy of South Californiaand in 1962 she worked as areseal"Ch assistant at the LisleI'Institute 0 f P rev e n t i v eM.edicinc in London.

Courtl'HY Nt·\\, Sci('nti~t

Mr, D. G. ,Tames has beenappointed to the Division 01'Food Preservation where hewill assist in investigations ofthe processing of fruits, vegetables and fish at the TasmanianRegional LRboratory,"StoweW'. Mr. lames obtainedhis n.Se. at Liverpool University in 1960. Sinee then be hasbeen working in the labonlR

tories of Beechum FoodsLimited in London on qualitycontrol and on investigationsof processing problems.

Mr. G. M, Dobb has heena w 11 r tI c d a post - doctoralseholarship for work with theDivision of I1rotein Chemistry.M r, Dobb wiIl supervise theoperation of the Division'selectron microscope and willcollaborate on investigations ofvarious aspects of proteinstructure and chemistry, particularly of the fibrous proteinskeratin, collagen and myosin.Since graduating 13.Se. horn theUniversity of Leeds in 1959 hehas worked with the Department of Texlile Industry atLeeds University on elecll'onmicroscopic investigations intovarious aspects of the structureand chemistry of keratin fibres.He has also studied heavyl11eta]~kcratin reactions with aview to locating specific chemical sites by high resolutionelectron microscopy.

development of techniques andequipment to extend and improve the radlitics for precisemeasurement of direct currentat Iow frequencies.

New AppointeesMr. R. n. Fl'cnkcl, a recent Dr. E. McC. Cnllnn has been

science graduate from the appointed to the Division of~I.liversity ~)[.. Sydney, ~as EnlomoJugy, where he willJ(llned the Dlvl~lOn of Apphed undertake the leadership of thePhysIcs. He wIll aSSist 111 the Division's biological control

programme. lIe graduatedB.Sc. Manchester in 1932 andPh.D. Londoll in 1936. lie alsoholds the qualifications ofA.R.C.S. London. D.LC. LOIldon, M.I.Biol., and F,R.E,S.During 1936-37 he was a research entomologist at Cambridge and from 1937-51 be waslecturer, later senior lecturer,in entomology at the ImperialCollege of Tropical Agriculture,Trinidad.

Since 1951 he has beensenior lecturer in entomologya.l Rhodes U 11 l vcr s i. t y •GrahalTlslown. South Africa.

"1'Vell, we've out-mwrted iV/other Nature Ihis tim.e."

Travellerssearch at Boulder in connection with a project for investigating conditions within hailclouds. While in America hewill visit centres where convccti on studies of the atmosphere are in progress. He wiHalso spend some time with theMeteorological Res car c hFlight of the Royal AircraftEstablishment at Farnborough.England, and with the IsraelMeteorological Service.

D.,. L. S. Williams, of theDivision of Applied Mineralogy, is at present sluclyingdevelopments in lhc fields ofspecial refractories and engineering ceramics ill England,Europe, North America andAsia, He also attended the(·omhined conference of theSociety of Glass Technologyand the British Ceramic Societyat Cambridge last month.<;""'I~."",~","",~..",.,.,...,.,~......"",........,."........,."~..,.,,,,,,,,,

OverseasWonl Secretarial ConfeJcnce inSwedell and visited researchcentres in England, Europe, andthe United States.

nr. K. H. Co Key, of lheDivision of Entomology, is atpresent on a visit to museumsand entomological researchinstitutes in England, Europeand the United States. Laterthis month he will attend theInternational Con g res s ofZoology and associated meetings of the InteJ"llational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in Washington. He willalso visit. Hawaii and Nandi onhis way back to Australia.

Mr. A. K. Klingcmlcl', ofHead OlIice, left recently forAmerica. where he will undertake an eleven month course inpublic administration wit hspecial reference to public 1'ela lions at lhe M a. x well<Jraduatc School of Citizenshipanti Public Arfairs, at SyracuscUniversity. New York. At theCl]cl of Ihis period he will visita number of research centresin the United Stales. Canadaand the United Ki ngdom.

Dr. A. McL. J'\1l1thicSOIl, ofthe Division ()f ChemicalPhysics, left. for Rome lastmonth to attend [he VIth Congress of the Tnternation111Union of Crystallography Dr,Mathicson is Convenor of theOpen Session of the Commission all Crystallographic Apparatus on tlAutomatic SingleCrystal DifIractomcters", andis onc of the oflicia I Australiandelegates to the Congress.

01', G. F. Walllcr, of theDivision of Applied Mineralogy, left recently for overseaswhere he will study the latesldevelopments in the field ofclay organic complexes inEngland. Europe and NorthAmerica. Dr. Walker will alsoattend a number oC £nter·national Conferences, includingthe International Clay Confel'Rcnce to be held in S(ockholmthis month and the meeting ofthe International Uniun ofCrystallography, which will behelt! in Rome next September.

MI'..J. WaI'IlCI', of the Division of Rad'iophysics, is atpresent in the United States.where he has been invited to\,'bit the American. NationalCentre roJ' Atmospheric Rc-

Last month fhe Australian lligh Commissioner to Ghana presented l t l'csidcnl Nknlluuh wHhapair of young l~l'ey IUHl~n..oos. The lumgnroos, which were l:1 present from the An~tralian

Govcl'luncnt, will bcl((~I)t in the President's menagerie at ACeI'll. They arc shown here wHhP'etcl' lhlllisch (left) and John Libllc of the Uiviliioll '01' Wildlife H.cscarch shortly before leayin~

for Ghana by ]Jlunc.

This Month'snr. G. C. Ashlnll, of the Division of Animal Genetics, leftf or overseas last month wherehe will visit research inslilLltesin North America, England,Europe and Africa. WI~jleoverseas he will attend the In~

tcrnational Genetics Congressto be held in the Netherlandsnext month.

1\'11'. M. FeughclmHn, of (heDivision of Textile Physics, returned recenlly from America,where he attended the Gm'donResearch Conference at Kingston, Rhode Island, and visHedresearch institutes.

Mr. lI. McL. G01'doll, of thoDivision of Animal HealLh.who has been visiting veterinary research centres in theUnited State" will Oy toGermany later Ihi.s month toattend the XVUth WorldVet cri n a r y Congress inHanover. He will also visilresearch centres in England andwill attend the British Veterin~

ary Association Congress inWales before returning to AlIs~

tralia next October.Dr, J, '·V. GoUsfcin, t)f the

Division of Forest Products)was a member of the Australian delegation to the EA.O.World Consultation on Plywood meeting in Romc lastmonth. He will return fromEurope via North Americawhere he will study the latestdevelopments in the tinting Hnucolouring of plywood veneers.

D,'. !'. lIeyligcrs, of theDivision of Land Research andRegional Survey, and Dr. L.J. Webb, of the D.ivision ofPlant Induslry, returned recenlly from overseas wherethey attended the Unesco Symposium on Vegetation of theHumid Tropics which was heldat Kuchillg, Sarawak.

Mr. E. A. Jacksoll, of lheAgricultural Research LiaisonSection. is at present attendinga summer school in sciencewriling at the lJnivcrsity ofColurnhia. He will visit research institutes in the UniteuStates, England, Europe andrhailand before returning toAustralia at the cnd of theyear.

Dr. lI. Ka(z, of the Divisionof Textile Industry. returnedrecenlly from ovcl:seas wherehe attended the lnlcrnational

053-1963

CORESEFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF C.S.I.R.O.STAFF-

P.M. OPENS ORD DAM

H

Dovid Rivett Medal

15,983,2002,290,600

ClIllital VoteA total sum of £2.290,600

has becn provided for capitalworks of which the Treasurywill contribute £1,806,000.

The lauer sum is dividedinto two calegories------those projects controlled by C.S. r. R.O.and those handled by lh~ Department of \Vorks.

The first grollp, which includes development of theradiolel~sl'olJe, 'the phytotrun.small buildillgs construcled byC.S.LR,O,. majoi" items ofequipmenl (over £5,00U each)and scientific computing equipment, will absorb £564,000.

Two-thirds of thc fundsallocated for projecls uncler [hecontrol of the Dcpartment ofWork.s 1£ 1,223,(00) will beneeded for buildings undercons(mction.

These include the ChemicalPhysics Laboratory at Clayton,the Animal (Jenelics Laboratory at North Ryde, the LandResearch and Hegional SurveyLaboratory at Canberra, theTechnical Scale Laboratory forCoal Rcseareh at Norlh Rydc,and the .Horticultural }lhysiology Laboratory at Adelaide.

Major buildings to be commenced during 1963/64 includethe Poultry Research Unit atNorth Rytlc, lhe Pasture Research-Lahor'lltofyat 'Town8~

ville, the Compuling ResearchLaboratory at Canberra, andextension5 tu the CunninghamLaboratory at St. Lucia,

C.S.I.R.O.'s request to theWool Research Corllll1iltee forfunds fur capital works watkept to a minimum.

Textile machinery, plant ~u)d

developmental expenditure willabsorb £124,000, \ e a v i n g£187.600 for several buildingprojects, including the complction of the Prol~in ChemistryLahoratory at Parkville andthe acquisition of additionalland at Armidale and Ryde,New South Wales.

The major capital projecl tobe Ilnanccd from contributorysources is the construclion of aradio-heliograph at Narcabri,New South Wales, for theDivision of Radiophysics,

This will be financed by agrant from the Ford Foundation.

13,692,601J

Funds available (0 C.S.I.R.O. 1'01' 1962/63Non-Capital Capital Total

£ £ £9,382,000 l,lH 1,000 10,393.0001,892,000 516,700 2,408,700

807,700 53,000 860,700

Fuuds available (0 C.S.tlt.O. 1'01' 1963/64Non-Capital Capital Total

£ £ £10,600.000 I,S06,01J0 12,406,0002,146,700 311,601J 2,45S,300

945,900 173,OOIJ 1,118,900

Total

Treasury funds"Vool fundsContribution~

Treasury fundsWool fund,Contributions

C.S.I.R.O. will have a total Budget fol' 1963/64 of£15,983,200 for capital and nOIl-capilal items.

A total 01' £12,406,000 willcome llil'cctly from the Treasw

my, 01' which £10,600,000 isfot' lIon~capitnl expenditure.fhe Treasury non-ca[Jital in~

crease is, therefore, £ 1,21 H,OOO.Adjustments and unavoidableincrea~es (including incrcmen t s, the ExperimentalOmcers' adjustments, and theincrease in margills) willabsorb £641,000, I e a v i n g£577,000 available for othernon-capital pll('po~es.

The Executive proposes touse this in the following way:l) To raise maintenance pro

visions 10 adequate levels.• To allocate funds to some

Divisions for items of equipment tinder £5.000. (Somemajnr items have also beenincluded in the capital v~te.)

G To provide ror incrcflscs inlravelling expenses and overlime.

t9 To provide a special allocation for the Townsvillc andComputing Laboratories,

Q To increase the funds forsludentships and outsidegrants.The Government decided

that, in view 01, the presentunsatisfactorY 1:lccommoclatiollsituation, C.S,I.R.O. should notbe granted any new Treasurypositions for 1963/64, andfurther, that there should notb~ .. 1l11Y inGJ..e~ls~in slafLnlhprthan the filling of existingvacancies. This apJ}lics al~o tocasual employees,

In view of the impendingchanges in the control of woolfunds rcslIlling from the newWool Industry Act, 1962, theE x e c 1I t i v e decided whenC.S.J.R.O.'s wool proposalswere submiUed to the WoolResearch Committee. that noprovision should be made forallY expansion in the currentresearch programme.

Consequently 110 new proposals were submitted and theOrganization's cstil1latc~ [orSalaries and general runningexpenses were based on u smallpercentage increase over the1962/63 !Judgel, after providing for the increases due tothe Experimental Oflkcrs'award and the margins determination,

M_oney from other contributory funds has increased,permiUing expansion ill" somelielcls.

OUl' picture shows the IlrimeMinistcl', SiI' U.obert .Mcnzies,inspecting a coUon crop ut HieKimbcrlcy Rescan.'h StnHoJlwith coUon agronomist, NormThomson (left), or the DiYisionor Land Uescurch and Uc~i'Onal

Survey, and Mr. C. S.Christian, member of theExecutive.

At the ol11cial dinner thatevening the Prime Ministerpaid tribute to the work carried out by C.S.I.R.O. in thearea and parlicularly to thepart played by MI'. Christianas Chief of lhe Division ofLand Research and RegionalSurvey and as Chairman of theKimberley Research StationPolicy COlllmittee.

The Chairman, Sir Frederick White, and Mr. C. S. Christian of theExecutive, were among the crowd of six hundred people who watched thePrime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, officially open the Ord Riverdiversion dam in the far north of Western Australia on the 20th July.The ceremony marked thecompletion of the firststage of n scheme to irrigate 200,000 acres of landin this isolated comeI' ofAustralia.Sir RolJcl'{ rcall n mcssugcfl'OIll the Queen cXI)I'esf'jinl~ hel'good wishes for the future ofthe Ord Hive!' project.The message said that theQueen nnt! the Duke o[ Edinburgh had the h a I' pie s tmemories or their visit 10

KlIIlUJ1Urra last March and thatthey regarded the scheme asone ol: great importance forthe economy of Western AlIs~

trrilia Hnd for {hat of the CumnWllwealth of Australia.

Referring to the work oCC.S.I.R.O. ami the WesternAustralian Department of Agriculture at the Kimberley Research Station he 5,dd, "Itcould not have been very easyfor men of learning and quaHncations to come and, as theymight think, lose themselves inwhat was comparatively adesert, nonc of the amenities oflife, isolated, sustained only byllwi\' tn~l11(;mdOU&fikil1 andtbeir burning enthusiasm".

Sir Rubert went on to say,"Australia can produce morecOIlCcntrated enthusiasm andskill ano devotion to the appropriate task than any othercountry that I know, and 1want to make my bow in {hedirect ion of those people whodid the work without which wewould nOl be here today andthere would be no Onl Schemeat all".

He said that anyone whohad gone throllgh lhis countrythirty years ago and talked ofa greal irrigation scheme beginning there in an establishedway by 1963 woulcl have beentold it was quite irnpossible.

How(~ver, the whole historyof Australia was the history orthe impossible becoming thepossible l the possible becomingthe probable, and the probablebecoming the certainly, theliving fact.

Sir Robert said that he hadbeen particularly impressed bythe magnificent crops he hadseen and added, "I greatly enjoyed seeing these marvellousgreen stands of satTIowel' untila very distinguished representative of the C.S.I.R.O. tookoccasion lo say to me 'Yououghl 10 be interested in that,after all it's really just athislle' ".

2,320,800

13,662,400

709.900

1,580,700

1,610,900

12,081,700

Funds aVllilable for 1963/64 eOIllI'''''ed with 1962/63Non-Capital Capital Total

£ £ £1,21S,OOO 795,000 2,013,000

254,700 - 20.1, tOO 49,600138,200 120,000 258,200

Tolal

Total

Treasury fundsWool fundsContributions

The folluwing nu'nudes for pl'ofcssiOlml OlPIlointments m'ccUlTcn(:-

.sCIENTIFiC SERVICES OFF1CER (S.S.O. J/2/3)---ComputillgR(,~l'<lr('h St'ctioll. ')(}O/4 (SqJll'llllH'I' l~~lh),

EXI'EIOMENTAL OFFJCEH (E,G. 1/2) --- Division of EntollloIo~y.

WO/Ut i Se!ltcmbl'l- 2Uth).FELLO\o\iSHIP IN _METAL PHYSICS (R,O,/S,R.D.} J.)ivi~ioll ut

rrribophysin. 017(1/1:;:1 (St'jllclIlb,'r lith).HESEARClf OFFICER (lCO./S.R.O,) "--Di\'i~i(JJl of Physic~. 770/'257

(Sl'ph'lllhel' tit h),l'/\STURE AGRONOMIST (R,O./S.R,O.)-- Division of TmpiC'zl

Pa~turc~. 1I:iO/194 (Septcmber bill).

054##1963

TAMINGTIIEO,RDThe Ord RiVlJ~, which carries more water in f1110d thanthe peak flowg, of the Rhine, the Rhone, and th~ Thamescombined, is the foundation of a bold proj~t lor thecloser population, ",of Westel'l1 Australia's northernKimberleys region. '

Natural l' e sou r c,c san dproximity to possible marketsclose by in South-East AsiaafC among the many incentives.

The new township of KlInun~

una has been developedinitially for construction andadministnllion purposes but hasbeen carefully planned to meetthe needs of a modern community of 3,000 people, It isinlended la be a model town,providing amcnities for pleasant living in the outback northof Australia.

Each house is supplied witha solar hot water system aspart of its basic eqoipmcnt-another example of the influence CS.I.R.O. has had inthe area.

As the general characteristics of the Ord River area arcrepeated at several places innorthern Australia, development of the Ord Project repre,Bents an intercsti ng and im~

podant experiment from theagricultural, engineering. andsociological points of view.

It is a necessary step in theunderstanding and develop.Il1cnt of the resources ur Australia's virtuallY empty nndIIl1dcl'~develovcd dry monsoollnorthel'lI fringe.

The Ol'd UiVC1' diversion dum.

Publishing StaffTt was moved that changes in the Cons{i.lution be made

so that the publishing stair be deemed eligible for membership.

MemorialThe General Secretary reported that the Memorial for

increases in saJaries for technical staff was lodged with thePoblic Service Arbitrator on the 20th June.

General BusinessA grant of £20. as authorised on 17th JUllC, was sent to

the Western Australian Branch.

Work ValuesIt was decided that a Council-in-Person meeting,

followed by a meeting with the Secretariat, should be heldafter the decision on the A.A.E.S,D.A, easc.

After consultation wilh Head Office, thc GeneralSecretary recommended that:et The Association should await the decision from the

A.A.E.S.D,A. case.• Mr. Ross should be retained as advocate to assist in the

completion of the work value survey .• A levy should not be llsed at this stage.

Central Conneil met at the National StandardsLabol'3tory on the 16th July and on the 23rd July.

Adelaide MeetingA special meeting of technical slalf was held in Adelaide

on the 4th July. The South Australian Chairman, NoelBuckley. welcomed the General Secretary. Mr. W. MCllZics,from Sydney.

Publishing Assistants' margins had bcen discussed (ItHead omce and the dclay was doe to the delay in thegraphic arts award.

Jllniors were not attached to any margins claim. ]I wasmoved that the rnalter of an increase in juniors' salariesbe disclIssed with the High Council as a result of therecent margins incl"case.

to Kununurra and later toWyndham and its mcatworksand to any minor undertakingsthat might develop in the arca.

The design of the main damis at present a concrete gravitystructure 180 feet high andLOOO feet long with a spillwayover the top incorporatingradial gates similar to thediversion dam.

Recent investigations haveshown, however, that an earthand rockfill Iype oC slruetOl'emay be conSIderably cheaperin this remote area.

The spillway would be cutalmost 200 feel deep in asaddle in the north abnlmentalld the excavated reek andsoil used to build the dam.Hydraulic model tests are beingconducted la study the relativemerits of the two proposals.

Si~de aUlhorities have estimatcd (hut the grcaf-cr 01'(1River project c~m support fI

)lopulalion of possibly 20,000people directly and indirectlyfrom ngl'icull m'c.

It is a big step to visuaUzethis as an industrial area, in itspresent undeveloped state, butlllere will be enough electricityto support several LImcs thispopulation and it is planned toencourage industrial development parallel with agricullurc.

Aerial view of l(imbe"leyResearch Station.

will be necessary to pumpslored water from the diverslondam up into the channel.

When the main dam is built,however. waleI' will be released down to the diversiondam to maintain the waterlevel and pnmping will nolonger be necessary in the dryseason.

The main dam is the nextstage of the development of theOrd. It will be constructedthirty miles upstream from thediversion dam and will provide water for the remainderof the 200,000 acres.

It will create au artificiallake covering more than 200squarc miles and holding3,500,000 acrc feet of water,more .than seven times thevolume in Sydney Harbour.

In add Won, the main damwill have a !load control surcharge of 6,500,000 acre feelto store up peak flows and reduce floods downstream fromthe dam to less than half theirprevious intensity.

This will affect savings inthe spillway at the main damand will secure all the worksat present under constructionagai nst fulme possible flooddamage.

The main dam will trap themillions of Ions of silt whichotherwise may tend to chokeup the diversion dam in time.

Extensive measures are beingtaken in catchnlcnt reclamationto reduce the annual wastageof topsoil and return erodedareas to their former state.

The main dam will incorporate a hydro-electric powerstation using water released forirrigation. It will feed power

All through the wet season,when the river is running,water will be diverted bygravity into a main channel,but during the dry season anduntil the main dam is ~L1ilt, it

farms have an area of 600 acreseach and are the first commercial ventures in the areaapart from the }Jilot Farm.More farms will be releasedprogressively each year.

Four members of the Kimberley Research Station, including Don (Bondi) Beech,who was largely responsible forthe Station's work on oilcrops. joined t.ogether to takelip onc of these farms.

The cenll'lll [ealme o[ Ihefirst singe of the 01'd Uivcl'project is lite divcl'sion dam,which was officiaJly opened lastJuly by thc Primc Minister.

Three years ago the diversiondam site was a tangle of rocks.Today it is holding back80,000 acre feet of water, theirrigation channels arc runningand the first large scale commercial cotton crops are due tobe planted in the coming wet.The dam will provide waterfor 20,000-30,000 acres.

To the cnd of the construction stage this part of thescheme has been a completesuccess, reflecting the enthusiasm and know~how of theplanners who turned it from ablueprint into reality.

. Located at Bandicoot Bar,65 miles by road from the portof Wyndham, lhe diversionclam consists of a wide concrete spillway structure withthin vertical piers supporting atwo~lanc roadway.

Each pair of piers forms anopening in which there is asleel radial conlrol gate 49 feetwide, 37 feet high and weighing 95 lOllS. Thcre are 20 suchga tes, each operated by electrichoisting gear located at theside at the bridge above.

When the river is in floodlhe hoists will lift the gatesallowing Ihe turbulent watersto rush between the piers.When the !low slackens; thegales will be lowered to con,serve water and maintain thedesired level for irrigationpurposes,

Al (leak now the Ord conldIiU the diversion dum in lessHum one hour.

A soil survey by State officerswith assistanee from C.S.I.R.O.revealed 150.000 10 200,000acres of land which seemedsuitable for irrigation.

Subsequenl studies by theDivision of Land Researchand Regional Survey confirmedan irrigable area of this size.

In 1946 the Kimberley Re,search Station was establishedas a joint venture betwecn theWestern Australian Depart~

men t 0 f Agriculture andC.S.I.R.O.

Research results soon indicated that the main cropssuited [or production in thearea included sugar cane, rice,linseed, safllower, and cotton.However, as the sugar industryin Queensland and New SouthWales was already producingadequate quantities of sugar,furthcr research was concentrated on the other crops.

Experience so hu' indicatesa rensonnble expectat'ion ofyield of 2,500-3,000 lb. .cedcofton PCI' acre, 1!.2 tOilS ofpaddy rice ,Jer ncrc, 2,500·3,000 lb. o[ su[l'lower PCI' acrellnd 1,500,1,600 Ih. o[ linseedpCI' acre.

By 1960 the Western Aus,tralian Government felt conIi~dent enough of the potential ofthe area to warrant furthertrial by pilot farms,

An agreement was thereforemade with Northern Develop,ments (Ord River) Pty. Ltd. toconduct a pilot farm scheme inthe area to relate the researchfindings of the Kimberley Research Station to actual farmpractice and to assist in de~

termining the economics ofproduction.

Last year the first five farmswere madc available. These

Two dallls, onc ull'cndy inopcraHon, the oUler which theStale hopes will he eompleledby 1967, will bold back Ihewaters which would othCl'wiscspill out into the Timor Seannd divert them 1'01' the il'l'igu(ion ol' (l'opit.~1l1 croJls and thegeneration of cheap hydn)~

electric powel'.

Allhough lhe area had receivedattention at various times previously, Ihe firsl real inlereslin the posslbilily of dammingthe Ord and llsing its watersfor irrigation developed in the1940's.

054-1963

OVERSEAS VISITS lan CluniesRoss Memorial Plaque

The Social Club of the Division of Textile Indllstl·yrecently donated a baby's cot to the Rethany Rabies'Home at Geelong, Victoria.

lan Clllnies Ros.!\ Animal Re~

seul'ch I,abol'ulol'y at })I'OSpcct,N.S.W, The pl"'lue is Ihe workof lVII·s. Yvonnc Miller, nmember of the InbonHory slaff.

A mCll1m'illl phHIUC to the lateSir T;.m Clullics nOBS has beenmOlllltcd ill ih~ foyer of Ihe

nl'. R. M. Ol'llIII, of theDivision of Plant Jndustry, leftfor the United States last July,where he will spend approxi·mately nine months at theUniversity of California, work-

i i ng with Professor Allard inthe Department or Agronomy.Dr. Oram visited the GrasslandRelscarch Division of lhe NewZealand D.SJ.R. and the University oJ Hawaii on his wayto America.

Dr. C. H. B. }'riestley, Chiefof the Division of Meteorological Physics, atteoded the recent General Assembly 01 thefnternational Union ofGeodesy and Geuphysics atBet'keley and will attend aninternational symposium on thedynamics of large scale atmosphere processes at Boulder,Colorado,---eady this-month.Dr. PriestJey will visit meteorological ccntresin the UnitedSlates and Great Britain beforereturning to Australia.

Gael Boofhl'oyd, u sccretm'y at .he Chemical Rescnl"ch Lnhora~

tories, WflS chosen Helle of {he nuB ut the Anll1ml C.S.I.R.O.Ball in Me.lbourne on Thursday, 1st August. Gael is shownhere receiving her sash from fhe Minist'C1·-jJl~Chllrge ofC.S.I.RO., Scna10l' Got'Ion. The Hall wns held nl Ihe Royal"DllIlroom, East Melbounte, and wns uttemlcd hy nenl'ly sixIllludroed.

Dr. Huelln will be away forahout five months and will visitresearch centres in the UnitedKingdom, France, HoHand,Sweden and the United Statesfor discussions 0 n f 0 0 dchemistry and (he posl-harvcsl R

ing physioiogy of fresh fl'llitsand vegetables.

Mr. L. F. Myers, Omcer-inCharge of the Division ofPlant Industry's Regional Pas~

toral Laboratory _at Deniliquin,and Mr. J. W. lIohues, of theDivision of Soils, arc on a sixweeks visit to Thailand in COIlR

neetion with tbe Chao PhyaIrrigation Project, which willeventually bring waler tonearly 2,000,000 aeres of land.Mr. Myers and Mr. F[olmeshave been asked to advise onthe organization--_of---a-.numbcrof research stations to studythe developments, of secondarycrops for \he proposed irriga~

lion area.

SOUR SYMPOSIUMA Sol"l' Symposium entitledIIPlnns fol' the Next SolaI'Cycle" will be held in IheStellhen nobel'l' Lee tu,' eTheatre, University of Sydney,from Tuesday, November 12th,to FI'idny, November 151h.The Symposium, organizedunder the joint auspices ofC.S.I.R.O. and the Universityof Sydney, aims at reviewingthe present status of solar research, formulating outstandingproblems, discussing researchplans for the forthcoming solarcycle, and considering graduatetraining problems.

The occasion is intendedprimarily to provide an opportunity for Australian solarphysicists, astrophysicists andothers to meet and discusstheir problems both in organized sessions and informally.Several overseas visitors, including Professor M. Minnaert,will be present.

Anyone wishing to attendshould advise the Secretary,Mr. K. V. Sheridan, of theDivision of Radiophysics, 110tlater than September 30th. L .....

Rome con[crence, Dr. FrankHnwill visit a number of researchcentres in Europe, G rea tBritain, and the United States.

1\'h'. J. Fridl'ichsons, of theDivision of Chemical Physics,will present a paper at the 6thCongress of the InternationalUnion of Crystallography inRome this month. Mr. Fridrichsons will be away for twomonths and will visit researchcentres in Britain, Europe,Canada and the United States.

M,·. H, S. Hawldus, of theAgricultural Research LiaisonSection, left laat July for theUnited States, where he willstudy in the Department ofGeneral COlllmunications Artsat Michigan State University.Before commencing his studiesat Miehigan Mr. Hawkinsspent several weeks visitinguniversity, government and

. commercial institutes engagedin agricultural extension andresearch.

Ilo'. F. E. HueHu, of theDivision of Food Preservation,spent several days at theCentral Food Technology Research Institute in Mysore,India, before attending the recent International Congress ofH.efrigeration at Munich, Germany. Early this month hewill attend the Conference OlEuropean Meat Res ear c hWorkers at Budapest, I~ungary.

children and to sponsor anorphan Indian girl, G. Meera,at the Seva SlIl11ajam Girls'Home, Adyah, through theSave the Children Fund.

Our picture shows the Chiefof the Division, Dr. M. LipSOH, presenting the cot on behalf of the Club to Matron L.M. Dodgshun. Two of thechildren from the home arcshown - Susan in the cot andZarena being held by Matron.

Miss D. Donbled"y, ChiefLibrarian, is at present on athree month visit la scientificand technological libraries inthe United States, Britain,Europe, Israel. Pakistan andlndia. While ovcrseu:s 8he ~i 11look at library buildings andtheir planning and willinvcstigate the application of automalic data processing tolibrary information problems.In America she will be an observer at Cl UNESCO-sponsoredworking party on the abstrncl~

ing, indexing and editing ofscientific papers.

Mr. n. V. Dunldc, o[ theEngineering Section, is nowin the United Stares, where hewill detiver a pap~r at a specialjtJbilee meeting of the American Society of MechanicalEngineers in Boston M r.DUl1kle will be away [or aboutthree months and will visitcentres 01' solar energy researchin the United States, Cann<..la,the West lndies, Israel. Indiaand Japan.

Or, O. n. Frnnkel, memberof the Executive, will atlendthe 11 tll International Congres:;of Genetics, which is beingheld at the lIague early thismonth. Dr. Frankel visitedIndia and Britain on his wayto Holland and will spend afew weeks in Britain beforereturning to Australia towardsthe end of next month.

Or, IV1. C. }lj'nnklin, or theDivision of Animal Physiology,will attend the World Conference on Animal Production inRome early this month. Hehas spent the lasl fortnightvisiting research institutes inAfrica for discussions with research workers on the rnoreefficient utilization of poorquality feed by cattle and onthe value of supplements inbeef production. Following the

The cot is a scJf~coniail1cd unitnud will be used fot' bubies whowill evenlulIlly be Ildollled.Apart from normal social activities, the Club has ra'ised aconsiderable sum of money forcharity through special etl'orts,and more thau £ 130 has becnraised in the last year.

In addition to paying forthe cot, this money has beenused to provide a Christmasparty for local orphanage

Cot for BalJiesiillome

M,·. K. F. Dall, of the Divisionof Meteorological Physics. wi!1return la Australia later this1110nth after a short visit to theUnited States, where he visitedresearch centres in Chicagoand attended the recent GeneralAssembly of the InternationalUnion of Geodesy and Geophysics at llerkeley, California.lIe will attend an internationalsymposium on the dynamics oflarge scale atmospheric processes at Boulder. California.early this month.

Mr. A, n. Drook, from theDivision of Animal Physiology,left rccclHly [or Sweden, wherehe win spend twelve monthsw i 1h the Department ofPhysiology, Kungl, Veterinurhogskolan, Stockholm, studyingthe control of water metabolism by the central nervoussyslem and the production andrelease of anti-di urctic hormone. Mr. Brook wi 11 thenspend El further ten monthsworking in this field at WesternReserve University. Cleveland,Ohio.

Mr. J. H. A. !lutlel', of theDivision of Soils, left last Julyfor (he United States, where hewill study for his PhD. at theUniversity of Illinois underProfessor Stevcnson. He willbe away for two years andwill investigate the structure ofsoil organic matter.

DJ'. n. Dawsoll, of the Division of Chemical Physics, willpresent a paper at the syrnposium on problems andmethods in crystallographiccomputing which is being heldin association with the 6thCongress of the InternationalUnion of Cl'ystallography inRome this month. Dr. Dawsonwill also visit centres engagedin X-ray structure analysis inSweden, Britain and the UnitedStates.

054-1963

Printed by C,S,LH.O, Melbourne

ASSISTANT CHIEFMr. W. G. Crewthel' has beeulIJI(lOiuted Assistant Chief 01'the Division of r I" 0 t e i nChemistry.Mr. Crewther joined the Division of Industrial Chemistryin 1943 amI was attached to itsBIochemistry Section in Parkvillc. The Section subsequentlydcvclopetl into the Division ofProtein Chcmislry.

l\h, Crewthcr has worked 011

the mechanism of fermenla~

lion processes and enzymeaction and in recent, years his

been in phase equilibriumrelations and crystal chemistryof metal oxides.

I\1r. T. "mu/ko, Omcer-inCharge o[ the Weather MapProcessing Sub-Section of (heForecast Department of theJ a pan e 5 c MeteorologicalAgency is at present spendinglwclvc months working withthe Division of MeteorologicalPhysics. M r. Kamiko, whowas awarded a fcllowshi~.

under the Australian 1111e1'Ilalianal Awa I'd Scheme l isstudying Australian synopticsequences with special reference to frontal structure.

Mr. W. G. CREWTHER

Dr. J. Zimul1, a UniversityLecturer in Physics at theCavcndish Laboratory and aFellow of King's College, Cambridge, is spending six monthswith the Division of }:)hysics

as a researcll fellow. Dr.Ziman is an expert in (hetheory of the solid slate andhis special interest is in thec,leclrical properties of melals.

Dr. J. ZIMAN

broad interests in proteinslructure have led him to investigations of the relationshipbetween the molecular slruc(ureof wool keratin and its mechanical properties.

He has also played an important part in the Division'swork all fell mongering, whichled to the development of theskin digestion process, nowwidely used in the industry,and in the Division's rC8carchi 11tO methods of protecling woolfrom damage during carbonising to remove vegetable matter.

Visitors from Overseas

Or. C. J. DAWES

Dr. R. S. ROTH

studying the crystal chemistryof ternary oxides containingniobium. Dr. Roth has beenwith the Bureau since 1951 andis Head of the Phase EquilibriUl11 Group of thc CrystalIographic Section in the Inorganic Solids Division. Hismajor field of research has

Found'ation post-docloral fellowship and is engaged in thestudy of the flne structure ofplant cells. He oblaincd hisPh.D. in lhe Bol(lny Department or the Univer,ity ofCalifornia two years ago.

Dr. R. S. ROlh, of theUnited Slates Burcrlll of StandHrds in 'vYashington, willarrivc in Australia this monthto spend nine months with theDivision of Mineral Chemistry

Dr. C. J. [)awcs iR spendingtwelve months with the Sectionof Wood amI Fibre Structureof lhe Division of ForestProducts. Or. Dawes is inAustralia Oil a National Science

Or. H. R. Wallace has beenappointed to the HorticulturalH..(~sea.rch Section, where he willundertake research on plantnematology. Or. W a I I acegraduated H.Sc, in 1950 [ramt.he University of Liverpool,England, and obtained hisPh ,D. and D,Sc, from the sameUniversity in 1952 and 1962respectively. For the last fouryears he has bcen Depoty Heado[ the Nematology Department at Rothamstead Experimental Station.

Sjnce 1961 he has been withthe Nature Conservancy_Aviemore, Scotland.

••••••"You shout 'eUT('}ul' just OH.ce tHOre.'· :

Copyright LOllt!nll PUllch. I

•,~-..----.._-._.~ ..~. __ .---.-._--_.~ .._-.-._----_.-._.-------~-.~

lama in AgricuJt.ure in thesame year, In 1949 he graduated n.Se. with first classbonours in Botany from Glasgow University and in 1952was awarded the degree ofPh.D. from Cambridge University, From 1946 unlit 1948Or. McVean was Colin Th0111son Research Scholar at theWest of Scotland AgriculturalCollege, and from 1952 until1959 he worked with the Edinburgh Nature Conservancy_ In1959 he became Ecologist inCharge o[ Mangla WatershedManagement Study in Westl'akistan with Hunting Technical Services Lld., o[ London,

Dr. D. V. McYcall has beenappointed to the Division ofplant Industry, where he willunder lake a study of 1heecology of skeleton weed. Hegraduated B.Se.(Agric,) from(j!asgow University in 1946and receiveu the National Dip-

0,'. I'. E. MlIIlge has joinedthe Division of Land Researchanu Regional Survey anu willstuuy the ecology of . insectpests of eotton at th? KlIllbcrIcy Research StatlOl\. Or.Madge grauuateu B,Se,A:gr.from the California StatePolytechnic College. in 1948,He' obtained his M ,Sc.Agr.from the Univcrsity of Adelaide in t953 and his Ph,O,from the same University in1956. From 1950 until 1956he. was a rClwareh fellow inentomology and then lecturerin entomology at th~ WaiteAgricultural Rcse~ll"Ch Institute,and from 1956 until 1960 hewas research fellow in animalceolngv in t.he Zoology Depart~

ment . of the University oJAdelaide. During 1960 and1961 Dr. Madge studied insectbehaviour at the University ofCambridge on a posl~doctoral

fellowship awarded by theUnited Slates National ScienceFoundation. In 1961 he returned to his research felIowshir in animal ecology at Adelaide to work 011 the ecologyof insects and miles associatedwith pastures in the South Australian wheat belL

The Callbc1'I'u "Volllcn's Softbnll Tcam reccnHy held n cuburet to celebrate their win in theJl>nblic Service un" Gl'Udc COI11IJcHHon. The CompetiHon round c01l11l1~nccd in May Hnd wnscompleted in August. C.S.I.R.O. mnnagcd to 8CI"npC up 11 (cam to entcr (he COnl!JcthiolJ l

nlthougft only onc 01" two girls had nny idea about the rule.., and ~echllicalitic.'i of soffball. Thisyear was t1w nl'st that the girls COIdcstcd softbnll, but they were playing hl'iIIhmtly at fhcclose of fhe scHson and deserved '0 win the honmnN. SlICCCSIi was du(~ to the ~omihUlt work amiIH~r~c"enml'c by com:hes Jan NOl'lh~k und Lauric Laurcncc and, of coursc, to the co-opcralion::md effort or the gil"lf:oi themselves. Thc Pl-emicr~hi,) WHS sccU\-,:d in n doscly contctstcd (;..and.Final with 11 narrow 14~13 victory over thc [}epnl"mcllf of Army.

Our picturc shows, from left to right:Hack Row: Aline De Vos, Belcn Milthorpc, Virginia Stcvellson, Belcn Sugdcl1, Norma

McCnskill, l)orothy Sciclmul, .HcaH!cl' Lamb.]?nmt Row: 1\']urgm"c( Tntc, Belcn Davics, l'cJlclopc ,Jl1dson, DCllisc CouHcs, lIelen Coghlan.

Mr. K. R. Christian has beenappointed to the Division oJPlant industry, where he wil!wo r k with the GrasslaiJuAgronomy Section on t;he devdopment and adaptatIOn ofchemical techniques in animalnutrition and pusture utiliza~

tion. Mr. Christian, who obtained his B.Se. in NewZealand, has been working asa biochemist with the Tasmanian Department of Agricul~htrc for the last Jive years.

Appointments to Staff

__, l

054-1963

CORESEA

Mr. M. S. Kohler, ehief research hydrologist of the U.S.Welllher Bureau; Mr. W. B.Langbci 11, hydraulic c:nginecTof the U.S. Geological Survey;and Professor V. Kunin, of theInstitute of Geography,Academy of Sciences, U.S.S.R.

Among the subjects discussed were the m-ban and industrial uses of water, manage~

Inellt of stream flow, a reviewof data on the great artesian~1asin. automatic data processmg in hydrology, lhc walerbalance and land use, the meritsof irrigation, and problems ofirrigated areas.

Or, S..H. llastow, memberof the Executive and one ofthe C.S.I. R.O. delegates to theS y m p 0 Sill m, sp 0 le e 0 fC.S.LR.O:s eontribution to\valer research 1ll Australia.

lIe Stdd that the Organisation had no water researchlaboratory.

Those of its scientists working on water were almost aswide! y cl i s per s e cl as theC.S.I.R.O. laboratories them~

selves.For instance, work on the

evaporation of water was car.ried.out ?y the Divisions . ofChemical Engineering, PhysicalChemistry, Food Preservation,Land Research and RegionalSurvey, Soils, MeteorologicalPhysics, and Plant Industry andby the Irrigation ResearchLaboratory at GrillhIJ.

It was therefore extremelydiIllcnlt to give a precisefigure for expenditure on waterreseareh in C.S.I.R.O.

However, a conservative estimate would be £350,000 a year,involving about fifly profes~ionally qualified scientists.

Dr. Bastow said, "There isall urgent need in Australiafur the support and dcvelopmen\ oE special schools such a~

that of Professor Munro,through which young Scienlit'itsand e n gin e e r :i could bea{(racicd to the study of waterand hydrology.

"Of the onc hundred or sopost-graduate btudent applications each year for C.S.I.R.O,scholarships it would be rarcto find one interested inhydrology.

HIn a very rcul sense rcsearchon wafer is limited lJy luck oftrained scientists."

Professor R. R. Linsley saidthat onc of the problems facingcountries with water shortagesin remote areas was whether touse the available water forindustry or agriculture.

He said that a recent surveyin New Mexlco had shown thatlllilizing the meagre water resources for industry ralhetthan agricuHurc was moreproHlabJe.

The finunC'it,1 return fromindush'y per aCrc foot of watcrwas seventy -Hmc.r,; that derived1'1'0111 ngriclllturc.

Mr. Wlllter Langbein said,"We would like to centre theatlention of the world on waterscience instead of water projects. If evaporation was re~

dueed it would multiply theusefulness of waler many times.Onc methou of reducingevaporation is by eliminatinguseless plants."

Dr. M. F. DAY

"isitol's from OVCI'SCH8, fool{l)lH't in the weck long Sylllw

pwdum which wns mTulIged hythe Australian A("udcmy ofScience. A fUl'fhcl' one humh'cdpeople uHcncIcd as obscl'vers.Overseas visitors to the Symposium included Profe~sor L. J.Tison. of Ghent University,Belgium, Secretary of the International Association ofScientific H y cl r 0 log y andUnesco repres.entative at theSymposium; Professor 'R.. K.Linsley, hend of the DepartH

menl of Civll Engineering atStanfonl University, California;

In 1946 he returned to theDivision of Entomology. In1955 he was secnnded for twoyears to act as Assistant

Liaison Omcer in Washington,and in 1956 he was elected aFellow of the AustrnlianAcademy of Science.

APPOINTMENTS VACANTThe following vHcnncics 1"01" l'l"o[cfoJsionnl R(JIJOinhncnts arccUlTcnf:-

RESEAROH OFFtCERS IN AGROSTOLOGY PLANT NUTRITJO:-;AND PASTURE EVALUATIONS (R.O./S.R.O.)---Diyisioll of Tro})jcnlPastures. 853/16 «(Jelolli'r 18)

RESEARCH OFFICER (ltO.)-·-·Divll>ion of Coal Research. 4Bll/128

(q~lY~sId{~TS OR ENGINEERS (R.O.IS.R.O. )----Division (,f AppliedPhysics. 710/274 (Ortober 11)

SENIOR MINERAL CT-IE:MIST (P.R.O./S.P.R.O, )----Diyisillll ofMine!'al Chl·lIli~try. (j01!20 {()etobel' 2:~)

RESEARCH CHEMIST (R.O';S.R.O. )-Division of t"tiucra] Chem-istry. {i(J1/21 (Ortolwr 21)

CHEMIST (E.O.1/2)--~Division of Lnnll Resr.<ll·ch amI Regional

Sl1EXr;E~1~t\~~~9A{obtoi~JCER (E.O. t/2)--Divi~ion of OI1~anicC'Vlr4~1{~1;.r~f{~·2 ~9.liA~tI:rgl]~OGlST (R.O. }---Division of AnimalHealth. 202/200 (October lB)

Allout one hundred and JiffysdcnHst.s, cnginccl'S, and administrators I'rolO all p1U"1s ofAustralh\l 11S well as several

The Prime Minister, Sir Robert Menzies, told delegates to the recentNational Symposium on Water Resources, Use ano Management inCanberra last month that the study of our water resources amI the effectiveuse of them were not only a matter of dom.estic advantage but also ofintel'l1ational application.Sir Robert said that A.istralians hml a dry countryaud that they needed to increase their knowledge oftheir actual and potentialwater resonrces. Australiashould do all it could tosecure the most economicand productive use of thesewater resources.

Assistant Chief for EntomologyDr. M. F. Day, one of the world's leading authorities onthe transmission of plant and animal viruses by insects,has been appointed Assistant Chief of the Division ofEntomology.After graduating D.Se. withhonours at thc University ofSydney, Or. Dny joined theDivision of Economic 1~lIto~

IUology of CoS.Ut. ill ] 93S totul<.e part in 'he Division'srcsearch progrumme OJ)termites.A few months laler he wasgranted leave to work with Dr.L. R. Cleveland at HarvardUniversity where he subsc~

quenlly ohtained his Ph.D.He resigned in 1940 to be

eome Lehnlln Fellow at Ha..vard. During 1941 - 42 heleclured at Vlashing(oll University, Missouri.

Dr. Day then spent a yearwith Australian War SuppliesProcuremenl in Washingtonwhere he assisted with thepurchase of scientific equipment.

In 1944 he rejoined theC.S.I.R. as II memher of itsSe i en t i fie Liaison staff inWashington.

A nurnber of additions. tothe Cross are planned to increase the amount of detailwhich can be "seen" in thesky.

C.S.I.R.O. will make a grant10 the University to assist theDepart ment of Electrical Engineering during the first yearof its work at the station.

Tll.C gift of the station J together with the grant, will helpthe University to cope wilh theincreasmg number of postw

graduate students and teachingstall wishing to undertake research in electrical engineering.

Above: Aerial view of ficldsfationnt l<'lc\ll"s showing theChds O'o,s (ldl) and lhe MillsC..oss (dght).

Uelow: Somc of fhe 64 Ilal'a~

hoHc acrials of fhe Chl'is Cross.Ead) aerial is 19 fcct 3l'l'OSS.

The Division of Radiophysics is to transfer its radioastronomy field station at Fleurs, thirty miles west ofSydney, to the University 01 Sydney.

The station, togethu with its~lerial systems and mdio re..cciving C(luipmCnl, will beOpcl'Htcd by the University'sDepartment" of Elc(·tricnl Engineering.This transfer follows thevirtual completion by theDivision of the programme ofradio - astronomy observationsfor which the &tation was established.

The station will providetraining facilities for graduate:-itudents and research opportunities for the Department'stcaching stalL

The University will takeover from the Division theregular radio mapping of theSun's surface and the supplying of these maps to the Internalional Astronomical Union.

The University also intendsmaking full use of existingradio 0quipmcnl Hnd will buildfl.ddilional radio-telescopes fordetailed studies uf the Sun andthe Galaxy.

The main radio-telescope atFleurs, the Chris Cross, isnan10d after the Head of theUniversity's Department ofElectrical Engincring, 1>rofcs:;01' W. N. Chrjst\ansen, whodesigned it while attached tothe Division of Radiopbysies.

The Chris Cross consists ofsixty-four parabolic antennaeand was the firs( radio~telescope

able to produce detailed "radiopiclures" of the Sun's disk.

Its design has been copied inseveral countries but it js stillthe most highly directionalradio~tclescopc at wavelengthsup to twenty centimetres.

Rodio Observatory for WATER SCIENTISTS MEETUniversity of Sydney

055##1963

David Rivett Memorial Lecture

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCIENCEThe vital needfol'"well.end6wed, systematic study of the sciences in the modern world was stressed recently by Sir HowardFlorcy, President of the Royal Society, when he gave the first David Rivett Memorial Lecture in the Wilson Hall, Universityof Melbourne, last month.After paying personal tribute to the late Sir David Rivett, formerly Chic f Executive Officer and sllbscI\uently Chairlllan of the Council for Scientificand Industrial Research, he went OIl to revie,w the beginnings of systema tic science lIIlIong the Greeks, Arabs ami ROlllllus.

Science in its modern shnpe,he said, began with theRenaissance.

"The intellectual climate ofthe Renaissance was favourableto the exploration nol only oflhe literary and artislie possibilities of human activity, butalso to the investigation ofnatural phenomena in a waythat we can call scientific.

<lA few outstanding men ofscience such as Galileo madeobservations and generalisations of shattering implicationswhich sometimes brought themullimately into conflict withthe ecclesiastical authorities.

'lIn general, however, noneof the few scientists worked atthat time in established schools,they had no pupils, alld t!leywcre supported by no organizations with splenuid resources__ they were patronised by riC}land enlightened rulers but thouideas spreau slowly and manyyears passed before they gainedacceptance.

"The bc,~innjng of. the riseof modt~rn science In GreatUritnin can be idcntified wUhcertain events in the middle ofthe 17th ccntury, nnd in noway is this clcarer Hum in thefoundation 0 f the R 0 y H1Society.

"The original Fellows werea remarkable collection of menof outstanding intellectualability, They were interestedin acquiring sdentiflc knowledge by obscl'vation and experiment.

"Some were professors ofmathematics and astronomy,bUl by and large lhey were aband o[ amateurs. They decided to combine for discussi.on and, what is moreimportant, for the pCrfUIlllH.!:ceof experiments and the makmgof demonstrations,

"It is generally agreed thatthe ancient universities ofEngland were at a 10Y" e~b, ~:)Utthanks partly to the 1JlSpnatlOnof Newton the study and pres~

Ugc of mathematics .increasedconsiderably, espeCIally atCambridge, where by Ule lythc e n tu r y the MathematIcalTripos had established itself asone of the principal educ~tional activities of the llnt~

ycrsity.HIt was looked on not only

as a prepara~ion for the stU?yof mathcmahcs but as a SUttable way of entering, surprisingly enoogh, the Church, theLaw or politics. To do well inthe Mathematical Tripos wasto be a marked man.

"By the beginning of the19lh century Great Britaincould fairly be said, againstthe background of contemporary European science andtechnology, to be doing well.

"The country was fortunatein possessing many of the raWmaterials, such as coal andiron, necessary for the industrial revolution that was to takeplace.

"To the contemporary politician and business man th(~re

could have seemed little to beworried about in the technological sphere, and only a fewhad any stirrings of socialconscience at the consequencesof imlmitrLalisation.

"NcvcrtheleSs, n good cnsccan he made out that GreatBI'Uain's neglect to fOS(Cl' nndol'J~anisc scicnce and tcchnologyou a suincicnt senlc ill the19th ccntury has not been over~

come evcn to this day.

"The Revolulion enabled theFrench 10 sweep away theiruniversilies, and they were thefirst to establish a Government-supported scientific insti~

tution.uIt became known as the

E col e Polytechnique, andamong its professors werenearly all the leading Frenchsavants of the beginning of the19lh century,

"The French had first ratescientists, and they started support of science by the Government in an enlightened way.lmt Napoleon made the mistake ·of uniting the entirehigher educational system of:France into one centralised so~

called 'university'."This i n t r 0 cl u c c d great

bureaucratic rigidity into thesystem, w hie h undoubtedlyhindered the developmenl ofFrench science.

"The elIorts of the Germansmake a sharp contrast withwhat was accomplished inEngland. German educationwas re~(:)Jganised at the be~

ginning of the 19th century byvon Humboll.

"He saw lo it that the universities, although they wereStale-supported, and their 1;']'0fcssors were State offiCIals,retained a great measure offreedom,

"Much has been writtenabout the undesirable featuresof the specialisation which theGermans introduced into theireducnl10nal system, but thereis I.itlle question that from thescientific and technologicalpoint of view they reaped richrewards.

"The sitllation was radicallydifferent in Great Britain,where Ideas on scientific education continued to be confinedto a few people.

"In the middle of the 19thcentury James Hole remarkedthat, allhollgh moeh had beendone. it had been done withoulsystem.

·\(-Ie sUMgcs(Cll UUlt this wash e c a \I s e 'an unreasonablejcalousy of all in(crfcl'cncc-' ofGovernll1cnt on the part of theIICOIJlc, and nn almost uUerindiffercnce on the pnrt of theGoverument itself t·o its ownhighcs(' dutics, have, in the)Just, pl'cvuiled'.

"The current individualism,to which almost automaticallythe adjective sturdy is usuallyapplied, did not serve the causcof science and technologysuflicienlly welL

"It is true that an illustriousinstitution, to be known as theRoyal Institution, was foundedin 1799 by Count Rumford andfinanced by private subscription.

UIt was there that Faradayand Davy made their epoehmaking discoveries, but it is acommentary on the times that,in spite of the contributions toscience and technology whichwere made in its Jabora tories,Faraday in 1833 had thegreatesl diflieulty in finding afew hondred pounds to enablethe Institution to carry on,and this wilhin two years ofthe momentous discovery ofelectrical induction.

"In spite of the resoundingsuccess of the Exhibition of1851 there were nol wanlingpowerful voices to predict Ulalunless greater efforts were

made the relalively favourableposition of Great Britain as amanufacturing nation woulddecline.

"Onc of the major obstacles(0 the growth oJ: science andtedmoloRY wus the totallyinadequate educational system.Muny of the ablest peoplewcre only sell1i~litcl'ate andthose who attended ancicnt andfatuous schools had no contactwith sciencc at all.

"It is stated that at Eton inlhe carly eighteen sixties therewere h"cnty~Iour cl ass i c a 1masters, e i g h t mathematicsmasters and three to teach allthe other subjeels.

"Presumably the conditionshave now somewhat altered butit is al leasl noteworthy thalat the present time there isonly one Etonian under seventyyears old who is a Fellow ofthe Royal S 0 e i e t y, andcuriously enough he lives inCanbcna.

"By the beginning of the20lh century a determinedefl'ort was made to establish atImperial College, London, atechnological institute comparable wilh those that hadlong been floorishing on tbeContinent and in the UnitedStates, but it is only eomparatively recently that realimpetus has been given to theintention.

"The )n'inciple Hmt the Stateshould support scientific ucUvi~

tics 'because in the long run itis in the. interests of the Stnlcto <10 so tool< n Inng while toestablish itself, bnt ut the

present time in Grcat IlI'Hninthe State is the main con(ri w

bU(Ol" to the te~lching of scienceand tcchnologyj Rnd for l'C~

sClll'ch both of a theoreUcaland applied llaturc."

Sir Howard Flomy then wenton to examine some of thetrends in scientific and technolog i e a I investigation withwhich science administrationhas to deal.

"Perhaps the most importantgeneral development of the pastCew hundred years," he said,"has been the demonstrationof the immense power of con(rolled experiment to solveproblems associated with thephysical world at least.

UThe momentum of discoveryis ever increasing because ofthe use of this method, bot itwould be wrong to slIppose thatobservation without plannedexperiment is now useless.

SiI' Howm'd !?Iol'ey reccivingfrom Lord Adl'iulI, in 1951,the royal medal fm' his WOl'kon untibiotic dl'llgs, in llal'ticu..lur pcnicillin.

"From accumulating andcorrelating u b s e r vat i un sDarwin and Wallacc arrived atconclusions which continue toorient biological thought andwhich were shattering for manytheological conceptions.

"Much of aslronomy is stillobservational although carriedout with instruments of miraculous precision.

"No uoubt many discoveriesare still to be made by suchmethods, but it is lo the experimentalists and their theoreticalcolleagues that the most exciting discoveries of thc presentday arc due and to their development of apparatus thatmany of the great observationsof today are indebled,

"Anolher point of generalapplication is that experimentsd e m and the making ofmeasurements and that themeasurements mllst becomeprogressively finer - or to usemodern jargon, more sophisticated - in order to continue toprodoee new knowledge,

"Significant observations arconly made with adequate instromenlation. And adequaleinstrumentation may involvethe solution of intricate engineering problems and theexpenditure of very large sumsof money.

"Dut" it is not my intention11 0 W to detoil l'cmarkoblc

achicvemcnts i n v a l' i 0 IJ S

branches of science, but tomakc the point (hnt pl'ogressin ncquirillg knowlcdgc de~

vends on progrcss in devisingsubtlcr and morc accu1'ldemethods of cxperimcnt.

"This frequcntly 111 can sacqmrmg costly nnd oftenbuU,y machines.

hIt is because of these developments, just as much asbecause of an increase in thenumber of scientists, that organization on a great scale isnow necessary. The demandfor scientists to use the apparatus is also increasing to be sure~ a case of the hen and eggperhaps.

"In an ideal world populatedby ideal people it should notmaLter much whether a discovery is made in Melbourneor Peking, in Timbllktu or inOshkosh, but we live in ahighly competitive world andthis is being borne in uponGreat Britain with increasingforce.

"The countries of Europeand North America are nowhighly industrialised and theyare all struggling to have I\.

surplus of exports over iml-iorls - indeed this seems to bethe ideal of every Slate, thoughprecisely how this is to beachieved I lIave yet to be told.

"Thel'e can bc IitHc doubtthat an incl'casin~ elfcd of therclative tmst backwardness o[scicntHic and technological de·vclopmcnt in Great nritain isnow being rcu and recognised,becnuse with thc dissolution ofa grcat empire amI fhe increas..in,~ industrialisation o[ manycountries factors which hitherto obscured luck of compctitivel)Owcl' m'c now rcmoved."

Sir Howard Florey describedthe role of the universities andacademies in the furtheranceof seicntifIc education andresearch.

He then returned lo the snb·jeet of Sir David Rivell andhis i nftucnce on science inAustrulia,

,cRivelt, in whose honourIhis lectureship has bee nfounded, was the scientific administrator to whom Australiawill always be gratefuL

llAt a time when, at least tothe outside world, the Australian universities appeared tobe weak, he built up a strongorganization in which the idealwas upheld that only the bestscientific work would do inbOlh l'ondamental investigations, and by that 1 mean thosenot likely to be immediatelyprofitable, anti in those moredirectly applied,

"There is little doubt thalbut for Rivett Australianscience would not hold thehonoured place it now does inthe jodgment of the scienlifieworld.

"He worked in an environment every bit as difIicult aslhat which I have sketched ashaving prevailed in GreatBritain for at least a century.

u1\1ny Austl'nlin be fortunatcin finding many RivcUs in thepresent amI the futurc, for(hcrc can be no doubt thatsuccessful scicntiJic rescarchano dcvelopll1cnt will depClldnot only on those who fl0 it,but on those who organise themcans by which it is donc."

055-1963

Overseas Visits

liONOUR

Mh:robiologid'Retnres

M". E. .T. Fergu.oll Wood ofihe Division of Fisherics andOccanogruphy rctired Illstmouth UnCl' ~wcniy-six ycan/service wHh the Orgunizntion.Mr. Fergusoll Wood graduatedM.Se. from the University ofQueensland in 1929 and obtained a B.A. degree from thesame University in 1932.

He joined C.S.I.R. in 1937,being one of the Jlrst oflicersappointed to the Division of:Fisheries, where he undertookresearch on baclcrial spoilageof lish.

Mr. Ferguson Wood helpedinstill-Ite the vitamin-oil indus~

try b8sed on school shark andplayed an important part in thefoundation or lhe agar industryin Australia.

During the last fifteen yearshe ha.s carried out research onvariol1s aspecls of marine microbiology and has produced ahandbook on Australian formsof phytoplankton.

He worked as visiting investigator at the Scripps Instituteof Oceanography, University ofCaliforn ia, on a Rockefellergrant, in 1954, and as visitingProfessor at Texas A. and M.College in 1961.

Dr. D. n. WiIliams, Omee.. illCharge of fhe AgricuHul'nl nc~

seal'ch Liaison, Section, has beenelected a Fellow of ihe Aush'nliull InstihIfc of AgriculturalSciencc for his contribution iofhe devclopment of ngriculturnleconomics in Ausfralia.

Mr. C. S. ELLIOT

On top of this he is also con w

cerned from time to time withspeCial major undertakings.

One of these was the Intcr-! national Geophysical Year

which was organized lhroughthe International Council ofScienlitic Unjons with whichthe Society has close links.

The Royal Society was alsoresponsible for the majorBritish expedition to Antarcticaand is actively concerned withthe slIb-committee on Antarctic-Research which is the international continuation of theI.G.V, in this field.

Dr. Martin was awarded aC.Il.E. in 1959.

Mr. I'. F. Butler, ChiC[ Scientific Liaisou Officer inLondon will return to Australia early next yellr and willbe succeeded by Mr. W. HlIrtley, who is at presentAustralia Scienfilic Attllche in Washington.Mr. Barney will iake UI' his his activities to full time ad-new position lute next monfh ministrative work and in 1944,md wil be assisted by Mr. .T. I.Plu1t, formcl'ly Divisional A(]~

ministmtivc OfIiccr o[ the DiviAsion of TcxHle Physics.The Washington post will befilled by Mr. C. S. Elliot, Assi.stallt Chief of the Division ofForest Products, who will leaveAustralia fo1' the United Stateslater this month.

The Washington appointmentis for two years and at the endof this time Mr. Elliot willretire.

Mr. Elliot joined the Division of Forest Products in 1930to carry out research in theTimber Seasoning Section andbecame Omeer in Charge of(he Sectioll in 1932. he was appointed Assistant

Ten years later he transferred Chief of the Division.

Building sites on soft clllycy soils oftcn I)fCsellt' a numbm' of problems during wet' weather.Onc means of providing 11 firm, all-weather work sm'fncc is to stahilize tlle soil wifh hydratedlime. Although fhis tcdmiqnc was develoJled overseas the Soil Mechanics Section has heeninterested in investigating some of its fundamental HSJ)Cd'S.

The consh'uction of II new laboratory for the Section ill the MclhoUl'uc subm'b or Synclnllust year provided un oJl))orumity of dcmonstrating ihc vlIlue of soil stabilizaHon. 'I'he lop soilwas rcmoved and the clay l.iUb~soil mixed with about 4% of hydratcd lime using one of thelarger types of commercially available mixers. A steel wheeled 1'0llc1' was ~hcn used to compndthe sfnbilizcd layer. A total arca of somc 1300 square .Ylll'ds wns COInI)leiely processed, rollednud graded to Hnished coudiH<Hl in less than nvc hoUl'!').

The addition of lime changes fhe properties of the day so fhut purficlcs mlhcl"c strongly tocnch othCl' giving 'he surfacc laycl' a greatly incrcll§ctl bcaning cnpacilY cven in wet conditions.Ue(~allsc of (lie grclltly improved surfllcc no vchicJcs were bogged on the site and speed ofdelivery of building matcrials was mnillfnincd, making it possible fo maintain constructionscheduies whnrcver the weather conditions.The )~ilm UIlif' reccllHy complcted a 16 mm' j SOUIlI), colour film lasting nine nnll 11 halfminutes '0 !'Ihow the building industry the ndvantages of soil sl"abilization on soft sites.

ROYAL. SOCI ElY VISITOR

Overseas liaison Posts

Dr. D. C. Madin, Executive Secretary of the Royal Societylel't for England recently al'tel' a four week visit toAustralia.During his stay, Dr. Marlinvisited c.s.l.n.o. laborntories,universitics, amI Ol'lIOI' I'cscurchccnll'Cs in Sydney, Melbourne,Adclaidc and CauIJclTn.He also visited Broken Hill,the radiotelescope at: Parkes,the Woomera Rocket Range,and the Snowy MountainsScheme.

Or. Marlin became AssistantSecretary of the HoyaI Socictyin 1947 where his enthusiasmfor scientific liaison within theCommonwealth cl eve lop e drapidly.

His position involves him asSecrelary of about one hundredcommittees of the RoyalSoeiety.

Stabilizing Soft Building Sites

example, are GrifIith, Al'midale, Rockhampton, AliceSprings, Hobart, Kimberley,Katherine and Darwin,

In the meantime, anyoneinterested is asked to contactthe General Sec r eta r y,C.S.I.R.O.T.A., Cj- 1'.0.Box 144, Par r a m a t t H,N.S,W. ,

Council's delay in dealing with this matter is dueto preparation for 0 U rSalary claim and our nextmeeling in Melbourne followed by a meeting with theSccretariut.

Adult Fees.Central Council has now

adopted a policy of pressing a case for reimbursement of fees for adultsatlending re cog n i 5 e clcourses.

However, a considerableamount of reliable information is needed and all adultmcmberf.. who are involvedare asked to contact theirDivisional delegates withinformation on the folIowlng: type of course, esti~

maled number of yearsbefore completion, fees peryear, estimated total cost ofthe course, grade and stepin grade during the course,married or single whilstattending, age, number ofyears with C.s.I.R.O,

The sooner Council obtains this information, thesooner a case can be presented to the Secretariat.

(Commitlee of Space Researchof the International Council ofScientific Unions) as chief Australian delegate. He latervisited Mo~cow where he delivered .a series of lectures onthe upper atmosphere as guestof the Presidium of the SovietAcademy of Science,

Mr. .T. F. Nicholns of theDivision of Tribophysics at~

tended the recent 6th GeneralAssembly and Congress of theInternational Union of Crystallography in Rome, He alsoattended the meeting of theInternational Union of Pureand Applied Physics in \VarsawaCling as the official Australiandelegate on behalf of the Auslralian Academy of Science,Mr. Ni.cholas will spend threemonths in the Metallurgy Deparlment of the University ofOxford to acquire further knowledge of: the methods used instudying the electrical theoryof solids before returning.

M.·. M. n. Snllel' of theHorticultural Research Sectionhas taken up a studentship inthe Department of Nematologyat the University of Californiawhere he will study the taxonomy, comparative morphology and pathogenicity ofnematodes, and methods ofnematode control.

Mr. J. 1'. SheItOJl of the Industrial Research Liaison Section. is at present on a sevenweek visit to Japan, the UnitedStates, Britain and SoulhAfrica. Wbi le overseas he willhave discussions on licensingof C.S..I.R.O, patents and willstudy arrangements fot' promoting the application of researchresults by industry.

Dr. n. n. Willimns, Officerin Charge of the Agricultural Research Liaison Sectionis on a three month visit tothe United Kingdom, Europeand North America where hewill study the latest trends. inagricultural extension methods.He will spend about six weeksvisiting various research centresin the United Kingdom andEurope before going to theUnited States.

Onc 01' two of these groupshayc a /Small pcrcentage ofHmmcinl membcl·s in thcAssociation, but, probnblybecause of insullicient pubHcily or the Associlltioll'sactivHies, ihc majority have1I0t become membcrs.Fortunately t his is restricted to only one or twosections, On the other hand,there are places such asField Stations and RegionalLaboratories where definitecontinual contact has notbeen established and thereare no financial members tokeep informed of the Association's activities and pro·gress.

No doubt many of theTechnical Stall concernedwould join if this directcontact could he established,

Central Council will beconducting a campaign, together with the Branches, toest a b lis h contact witheligible groups who arc notmembers. with the idea ofrccruiting these people tomembership of the Associa~

tion.This can be done quite

satisfactorily if at least oneperson in each Station orLaboratory can accept theresponsibility of distributing the information receivedfrom the respective Branchesand Council and circulatethe contents amongst othermembers.

Some of the places wherethis might be done, for

ni' . .T. F. 1I1'Otchic of the Division of Building Researcharrived in America recenl1ywhere he will spend twelvemonths studying the uses ofelectronic computation in theoplimisation of structures atthe Massachusclls Institute ofTechnology and HaJvard Un iver~ity.

ni'. H. E. n,"lswell, Chief ofthe Division of Forest Products will return shortly froma visit to Canada and theUnited States. While overseashe attended the first CanadianWood Chemistry Symposium atToronto and acted as chairmanof a working group on woodquality at a meeting of theInternational Union of ForestResearch Organizations inMadison. Dr. Dadswell alsoattended the Fifth F.A.O. WoodTechnology Conference atMadison which was altcndedby Senior Government dcle~

gates in forest products fromvarious countries.

Mi'. W. n. nail of the Division of Mathematical Statisticsleft recently for India where hewill spend nine months workingon physical and biological aspecls of experimental design.Mr. Hall obtained a scholarship under the Technical Cooperation Scheme of the Colombo Plan and will study atthe International StatisticalEducation Centre, Calcutta,

M,'. G. Lorcllz of the Division of Applied Physics leftAustralia Jast Augusl to attendthe CincinnaU-Piltshurgh Conference of the International Institution for Production Engin~

cering Hesearch (C.I.R.P.), Hewill visit a number of researchinstitutions in U.S.A. beforerelurning later this month.

Dr. D. F. MUl'tyn, Officer inCharge of the Upper Atmosphere Section returned recentlyfrom Geneva where he presided over a three weekssession of the United NatiollsScientific and TechnologicalCommittee on the peacefuluses of outer space. Whileoverseas Dr. Martyn attendedthe Warsaw Assembly COSPAR

It has become increasingly obvions recently tbatthere lire groups of Technical Statf who are notrepresented on the Brunch cOlllllliltees.

055-1963

Interstate Conferences APPOINTMENTS TO STAFF

advances in the mechanics,physics, and chemistry of soils,and in their application to avariety of civil engineeringprojects.

D e J e gat e s inspected thelaboratories of the Division ofSoils and were shown anexhibit of the work of the Soil.Mechanics Section on soilfabric. evaluation of terrainfor engineering 1and use,b u i 1din g foundations, andwater retcnlion in earth dams.

quality,. I"ruit handling, physiology of vegetative and reproductive growth, and toxicity ofsprays to pests and humans.

During the Conference visitswere arranged to neighbouringresearch stations and experimental orchards, and localfruilgrowcrs l organizations atOrange organised a specialbarhecue for the delegates.

The Conference was convened by the Agricultural Research Liaison Section at theinvitation of the Standing Committee of Agriculture and wasorganized by a committee ofrepresentatives of State Agricultural Departmenls underthe chairmanship of Mr. D.Owen French of the N.S.W.Department of Agriculture.

Mr. A. V\'. llillifzer has beenappointed to the Division ofIJiochcmistry and G e n era INutrition to assist in fundamental research on the chem·LsITy of carbohydrate compounds. He is a native o(Vienna and obtained his M.Sc.degree in Adelaide in 1952.

Mr. A. W. B1LI.ITZER

D,·. R. J, Tatehell has beenappointed 10 the Division ofEntomology, Brisbane, to studythe physiology of the cattletick. He is formerly of theMolteno Institute of lliologyand Parasitology, Vniversity ofCambridge, which he joined inJ956, and has lately beenworking on the. physiology offeeding and reproduction inlicks. He graduated /l.Sc.(Hons.), University of London,in 1953. and Ph.D., Universityof Cambridge in 1959. Enroote to Auslralia Dr. Tatehell"ltended the XVIth International Congress of Zoology,Washingtoll, and 1st International Con fer e nee 0 fAcarology, Denver, U.S.A.

M r, Billitzer prevlously workedwi th Bcckers, manufacturingchemists of Adelaide, us a. research and d eve lop men tchemist. He has had wide experience in the synthesis andseparation of OJ'gallic compounds, and is fluent in severalfureign languages,

work. He was born in Cairoand came to Australia ill 1957.In 1960 he obtained a Diplomain Radio Engincring from theRoyal Melboorne Institute ofTechnology and was then employed by HSV7 investigalingthe basic requirements of filmrecording of live televisionshows. His previous positionwas with Amalgamated Wireless Australasiu l where heworked in the microwave linkssection.

Dr. ,1. L. Madden has Joinedthe Division of Entomologyand will work at the RegionalLaboratory, Hobart, investigating the ecology and behaviourof the Sirex wood wasp. Hegraduated ll.Agr.Sc., Melbourne, 1957, M.Se., Cornell,1961, and holds Cornell's Ph.D.degree. His doctoral thesiswas 0 n insect populationdynamics. Before visiting theUnited States Dr. Madden wasa horticultural ofllcer with theTasmanian Department ofAgriculture.

Mr. I. W. Smith has beenapl?ointed to the Division ofCoal Research, Ryde. He willassist in basic invcsUgalionsancl development work leadinglo the design of experimentalplant to he used for the complete gasificalion of coal. Mr.Smith is a graduate memberof the Institulion of ChemicalEngineers and an associatemember of the Institute ofFuel. From 1957 he hasworked with the British CoalUtilization Research Association/ being concerned with pilotstudies on oxy-steam gasificalion of coal.

Mr. R. H. nntchelo.. basjoined the Division of Radiophysics, where his work will beconnected wi tll the development, installation and testingof equipment used in raclio-

Queensland in 1956, M,A. fromthe Vnivel'sity of California in1958, and Ph.D. from CornelJVniversity in 1962. From 1957to 1958 Dr. Arnold worked atthe Cilrus Experimenlal Stationof the University of Calil"orniaon air pollulion and then onplant virology.

Mr. N, Fourikis has joinedthe Division of Radiophysicswhere he will assist in thedevcloprt:lCnt, inslallation andtesting of advanced receivingequipment (or radio·astronomy

DI'. W. N. Al'nold has been appointed to the HorticolturalResearch Section and is working at the Section's newLaboratory in Adelaide. He issludying the enzyme syslemsinvolved in the metabolism01" carbohydrates and the accumulation o[ s u g a r singrapes. DJ'. Arnold graduated/l.Se. from the University of

Dr. W. N, ARNOLD

Equipment used by the Soil Mechanics Section [orundisturbed salllpling o[ soil created great interest alllongthe two hundred delegates to the Fourth Austl'lllian-NewZealand Con[erence on Soil Mechanics and FoundationEngineeriug, which was held at the University o[ Adelaidefrom 19th to 23[d August.The Coufcl'cnco wns sponsoredby the Institution of EllJ;inccl's,Au"tl'ulin, fhe New ZcahmdInstitutiou of Engineers, amifhe Aus(l'Ulilln and NewZealand SOciCtiC.li for SoilMechanics nnd 'FoundationEngineering.

The Chairman was Dr. G. D.Altchison, Officer-in-Charge ofthe Soil Mechanics Section.

Some forty papers were presented dealing willI research

More than one hundred delegates attended the SecondAustralian 1'l'Uit Research Conference which was held atOrange and Terrigal, New Sonth Wales, from 21st to 28thAugust.Among the delegates were DI'.1.. C. I,lIckwill 01" the LongAshton Research Station, Dniversif:y ot' Bristol, England;Professo1' C. A. Shrocder, 1'1'0"fcssol" of Uotauy at the UuivCl'sity ()J~ CuJifornia, nnd 1\'h'.,1. D. Atkinsoll, of the D.S.I.U"New Zeuluud.The aim of the Conference was10 reveal the gaps in ourknowledge of horticulturalcrops and to show wherefuture rc~scarch should be intensified.

Some seventy papers werepresented dealing with recentprogress in horticultural research. training of researchworkers, ex pe J' i men t a Imethodology in horticnlture,nitrogen in tree nutrilion, fruit

Miss p, F. RICHES

Prln\ed by C.S.LIt.O., Melbourne.

and then taught mathematicsat Presbyterian Girls' College,Warwick l Queensland for twoyears. Miss Riches travelled tollritain in J96l and worked fortwo years with the Hill Farming Research Organization,Edinburgh.

M,·. D. J. Williams, a fonneremployee of the Tin ResearchInstitute, Middlesex, has beenappointed to the Division ofCoal Research. He has previously worked in the field oforganometallic compounds, andwill noW take part in investigations into the kinetics andoxidation of sulphur dioxide inthe gaseous phase. Mr. Williams graduated ll.Se. (Hons.)from the University of Londonin 1957. He is keenly interestedin both sailing and theatre.

Miss lb. Ii'. Riches has beenappointed to the Division ofRadiophysies where she willwork on the analysis of cloudseeding experiments ami assistin their interpretation. Shegraduated ll.Sc. from the UniversilY of Queensland in 1959,

Mr. R. H. BATCHELOR

aslrol1omy Mr. Balchelor obtained 1118 Diploma of RadioEngineering in 1959, and wasawarded the Fiske Memorialprize. He then studied for thellEE. degree at the Vniversityof New South Wales, andgraduated with Honours in1961. Mr. llatehelor is aformer employee of KrieslerAuslralasia Pty. Lld., and hisinterests. include music andsurf lifesaving.

D... J. Keay has been appointed to the Division ofSoils and will work at theWestern Australian RegionalLaboratory, Perth, an the development of research projectsrelating to pedology andfertility in Western Australiansoils. Dr. Keay graduatedB.Se. (Hons.) from the Vniversity of Leeds in 1957 andPh.D. from the Vniversity ofReading in 1960. After completing his doctoral degree Dr.Keay was with the MaeanlayInstitue for Soil Research,Aberdeen\ and was latterly acting head 01" the Forest Soil Section. I-lis more recent workincluded an investigation ofthe sulphur nutrition of coniferseedlings.

CopyriA:hl London Punch.

055-1963

FOR CIRCULATiON AMONG MEMBERS OF CSIRO STAFF - NUMBER 56, MELBOURNE, NOVEMBER 1963

l'===============_='.J

APPOINTMENTS VACANT

the various national bodies antIin;parlicular to he available toh:olp developing CommonwealthCOll1lLriefi obtain advice onbuilding up \hcir scientific institutions.

Mr. Ya,ey will sail for England \vith his wife ami familynexl January to take up hisdulies in London in March. Hewill OCC~JPY the post of Execlltive Secretary for three years.

After graduating B.Agr.Sc.from the University of Melbourne in 1926 Mr. Vasey spentsome time with the VictorianDepartment of Agriculture onfield experimcntation and research inlo cereals and pastures.

In 1937 he joined the Divisionof Animal Health and Production as Divisional Secretary.When the Division was dividedin\o three in 1959 he becameSecretary of lhe Division ofAnimal Health.

Mr, Vasey has been Secretaryof the Animal Production Com~

miltee since its inception in1939, and Associate TechnicalAdvisor or the Cattle and BeefResearch Committee since 1960.

Mr, A. J, VASEY

The COlllillittee decided that itwould be desirable to have afull-lime Secretary not only toadminister its aHairs bUl also toael as liaison ofTlcer between

The CommiHce consists offhe hNtdlS of national scicnHficrcscal'cll orgunizations undmeets evcry (wo years io discuss prohlems o[ lI1uhtaI interCS(.

Overseas AppointmentMr. A. J. Vnsey, Technical Secretary of the Division o[Animal Health, has been seconded to the Ilost o[ ExecntiveSecretary of the British Commonwealth Scientilic Committee.

On the 25(h Odober the Minislet' in Churge of CSUl.O, Serm~OI' GOI·ton, opeucll u new fivc~

storey hlbOl'uhH"y block for the Division of Protein Chemistry in ihcMclbournc· suburb of ]l>ark~

vine. The lubo['Jl(ory was designedl by Ihe archHcchll111 nrm of Rumberg unci noyd nud wasbuilt nt a t'osl of approxhllu(cly £2,91,000 of which £226,000 was provided from· the Wotllltcs'cnrch Trust Fund. Fm' the Inst eleven years the Division has heel' accommodated at' thepresent sHe in two converted houses and a two~Slo ..cy building. The new blodt will ]lrovide morethnn 29,000 sqUllre feet of floor sllacc. The ground (loor will house physical chemistry equipmentnnd there will he a library, staff 1'0010, ~md lecture room on the first floor. There 11l'e biochemicullabornhnics on ~hc .'!'CcGlIII floor and organic chcmish'Y luboratories 011 the thh'd (1001'. The fourthfloor will he used for research on the vroteins collagen and nl.\'osin and 011 o~hcl' proteininvcstigntiol1s not finuu('cd f ..om the Won) Rescm'ch Tl'ust Fund.

fields. the amOllllt voted for thisOrganization is a fairly reasonable yearly advance,"

III do not think that enoughemphasis is placed by the public on the work which CSJROis doing. We in the Senateshould pay tribule to the Or~

ganization. I commend to hCH\ourablc senators a close examination of its AnnualRepot!."

Senntol' Gorton ull~wel'cd nnumber of illlcsHons raised' by(he other Senalol's.

lIe said, III don't think thatnow, at any stage in the pastor at any stage in the futurethe scientists of the CSIROwould say that they were happythat they had been providedwith sufficient funds. 10 have asulncicnt number of people todo all the research in all thefields that they would like tocoveI'.

Ifllowever, I point oul thatthe overall vote from Treasuryfunus for the Organization thisyear has been increased byabout 20 pCI' cent, that is, fromabollt £10 million tu £12million.

"l mention also that there isa limitation on the amount thatcan be made available for anyparticular field, whether' it beresearch or any part of research,

Auslralia and has allowed us toincreas~ our sheep populationduring the last twelve years bymore than 50,000,000.

"Because of i1, revenue from1he sale of wool has incrcHsedby approximately £130,000,000a yenr, yet in the estimates wefind that tIle amount which itis proposed la allocate for theOrganization this year is only£ 10,600,000."

He continued, III believe thatthe CSlRO has played a significant part in helping la providethe information that is necessary for the development ofour northcl'Il areas."

Senator Scolt then spoke ofthe work or CSlRO which hehad seen in Northern Australia.

lIe concluded, HI don't wantto let this opportunity passwithollt congratulating theChairman, Secretary. officers,technicians and staff of thisgreat organization whose services arc available to industryand agriculture in Australia,

The discoveries that CSlROhas made have paid dividendsamounting to tcn times themoney that has becll 'spent}'

Senntor D'nyrne (Tasluanin)refel'red (0 Ihe worl<. of CSIH.Oill secking solutiolls fO ])rohlems cOllccl'nin~ various cOInpanics Ok' inlcl'csts.

He said he felt Ihat as CS1ROwas working on limited fundsit should receive assislance notonly from the Government butalso from other organizationswhich hencfited considerably asa result of the investigations ofCSlRO scientists into theirproblems.

SCIlU(Ol' [ ..ulIghf (Soulh Aus~

lraliu) suid Ihul Ihe lutest Annunl Report of CSIRO wns byfal' its be.~~ und hl.!. hoped th:dmore fHlblicify woull1 be given(0 fhe Anuual RCpOl'jS in t'ufUrc.

He said he had been particularly impressed by lhe practical no le struck in the chapterentitled ((Progress in Research."

He said, HI fear that notenough publicity has been givento these matters of great commercial importance to allphases of Australia's primaryand secondary industry development.

Hl n the Government's view,which I believe is a view sharedby most people who examinethis field in relatioo to all other

The following vHcnncies for pl'ofcssional npllointmenlS fire('lIr1'cnt:-

RESEARCH OFFICE.R (R.O./S.R.O.)---Divisi(Jl1 of Wildlife RI·search.%U/147 (Nuvembel' 22nd).

EXPERIMENTAL OFFICER FOR PASTURE lNSECTS lNVESTIGATIONS-Divi!\iun of Entomolugy. (E.D. Ii'll 180/245 (NOVClllbcl'nth),

RESEARCH OFFICER (R,O,)-,·,-Divisiun of 'Vildlire Rrsrurch5fi0/14G (Nnvl'mbcr lllth),RESEAI~CH OFFICER (Chemist tIl' Bioeheml'll) (R.O./S.R.O.l

Divi~ioll u[ FOOll Preservation. 300;:HG (Novembl'l' 22nd).H..ESEARCH OFFiCER (R.O./S.R.O.)--Division of Wildlife R{'searl'11.

5611/147 (NuVl'm!Jer 22nd).ENGINEER (Engilll'l'l' 2/3)---Divisiun of Plllnt Industry 130/(iW

(NOVWlbcl I~lh}.

EXPERU"lENTAL C)J?F1CHR (E.O. 112)--Enginccring- S('C'tilJJ1.4:l11/21:~. (Nuvember 15Lh.)

SENATE DEBATE ONCSIRO ESTIMATES

On the 25t11 September the Senate debated the 1963-64estimates fol' CSIUO. Several Senators spoke on thestimates and various questions al'ising frolll the debatwere answered by the Minister in Charge of CSIUSeuator GOl'lon.Sem,lor MUl'f,hy (New SouthWnlcs) snid fhut Austmlinnswe,'e justly (>roud of CSIRO,Hs work was r~cngnized notonly in Australia but' alsoabroad as being of very highquality. .

Senator Mnrphy drew attentiOll to the small number ofneW research po~itiol1s whichhad been approved I'DI' 196).·64.

He said, "In 1962-63 thenumber of rCSicarch olTicers was1.021, while in 1963-64 theHumber 'is to hl: I,02l), an in~

crease uf eight research o01cersor less than I per ce.nt. in ayear.

"This does not seem jusli~

liable when onc looks at theincrease in population, the needfor development in both primary and secondary industry,and the notorious lack of scientific research heing conductedin the country."

He then referred to a statement made by a member oCCSIRO that the amount of re·search conducted in AuslTaliawas far less than it should beand thal the amount !'ipen! byt\~lst.nllifuJ.i.ntluslryoll .. l·escart;:hand development was onlyabout onc-tenth of the fractionof gross national product thatwas spent in the D.S.A.

Senator M\uphy said that theestimate for CSIRO appearedto be a gross lInder-estimate.Not enough was being expcndect The appropriationshould have been much more.

During his speech SenatorMurphy also drew attention tothe apparent under-spending byC.'IRO or £324,000 on iovestigations during 1962-63.

The reasons fol' this apparentdiscrepancy were explainedlalcr by Senator Oorton.

III actual fact CSlRO Ill/de/'spent Trea,\'l-/ry fUl/ds hy ollly£7,235 "I//'il/g I 962-{;3. Thisrepresellls an expendituI'e of99.9 per cellt. of the fundsavaifableJ a fact of which HeadOUice Finance Branch is extteJ"nely p1'oud.

SClIllhn' ScuH (Western All'!·il'ulia) said, "1 believe Omt ~he

CSIHO i, to be eo,"mended byevcl'yhody in Ausfl'1lliu 1'01' theexcellent wo!')" flUi~ it has done,ljincc ifS inceptioll in 1949.

"The CSI RO should be congratulated, loo. on its C\dVOCHCy

of the use of a disease whichhas ousted the rabbit f1'Ol"n

056##1963

Honours

OlTicer in Chnq~c of the lfilmtJnil. Stan Evtlns, wilh photomil'l'ognlphic scl UI) for sHIIand timc IUl'se cincmicro~rnphy.

scientists involved in makingthe IilnL

Onc of Ihe final jobs isHmarrying" the sound track tothe film,

The Film Unit engages prol'essi011<lI cOlllmentators forreading its commentaries. Thesound track is recorded in (helJllh's studio at Head Officeand then converted to anopti.cal track on film by acOlllmercial laboratory.

This track, tJsing cue marksas H guide, is printed at theappropriate places on the sideof the rclensc print.

ClFighling the Calllc Tick"had its premiere screening illBrisbane in August this yearand has joined the list of theUnit's most SlIcceSS[lJl Jilms,1 hcse include IIBiological Con~

troJ of Jnsects". liThe Rainmakers". and "Radioastronomvin Allstralia". .

Mr, n, J, Frith, Chief of theDivision of \Vildlife Research.l1i1s becn admitted to the Degree of Doc(or of Science inAgriculllll'e by the Universityof Sydney for his work 011 theecology of birds,

I~roresso.. Sir .John Eccles,Hcad of the Departmcnt ofPhysiology at the AustralianNational Universi{y. Canberra.and a mcmber of the CSIROAdvisory Council, will sharethe 1963 Nobel Prize formedicine with Or. A. L. Hougkill of Cambridge. England, andProfessor A, F, 1-I11xley of University College, London, Theywill share the award for theirdiscoveries concerning the tonicmcchanism involved ill excitation and inhibition in the peri~

pheral and ccnlrat portions ofthe nerve cell mcmbranc. SirJohn was made n Fellow of theRoyal Society ill 1941 al1d wasknighted ill 1958 for his contribulions to physiological J'C~

search.

He worked in close co-opera~

tion with the rescarch people sothat he cOLlld be at lngham forparticular Efe cycle shots whenever tbey were available.

Stan Evans says of the abilityof people in the Unil 10 do anumber of jobs: "We urc un~

usual in this respect. In commercial film production oneman lIsually sticks to onc job.In this Unit we look for andtrain people to become COI11

plete lilm makers"

Roughly half Ihc tick film istaken up by animated sequenccs, These were executedby Mr, Perce Watson and Mr~,

Aileen Wcinberg, and the ani~

mation is in a large measureresponsible for the clear way inwhich the tick life-history andcontrol methous are dcmon~

stralcd.

Ideas or animation are embodied into a script right fromits conception, The animation artist makes pencil sketchesaccording to the plan outlinedto him and commentary iswritten Or I'C-WriUCIl to giveappropriate verbal coverage,

Background colour sketchesare then made and animationachieved by super-imposingtransparent cellulose sheetsbeari ng onc or more diagramsand varying the position ofthese for each 011C to three exposures of a verlically~moun(ed

cinc camera,

As HIm is projected af 24framc,'i I)cr s~colld, 30 ~ccoml1'i

of fast moving animation cun)'e(luire UI) to 720 single shots.

"Fighting the Cattle Tick"featured 11 * minutes of animated sequences,

Animation artists are also responsible fOI· tilling the Unit'sfilms,

When all IIlive" ancl ljani~

mateJ" film for IlFighting theCattle Tick" had been shot theeditor set about pulling it togetl1er to conform lo the ideaembodied in the final script,

Film editor. Miss AliceO'Donnell helieves that theeditor needs first to be mindfulof the purpose of the film andthe audience for which it is intended.

In piecing the shots togetheranother factor for considerationis the probable reactions of the

The beginnings of the CSlRO Film Unit go bad\. to early in 1945 whenthe Royal Society of London began arrangements for a sel'ies ofconferences in London in 1946 lJetween membel' countries of theCommonwealth. These conferences were to deal with current scientificactivities in each country and with plans for future research.The Royal Society suggested n/llnber nf distinguished awards The Iilm's purpose was tothat each country show its <t',t"llfi,'I,.I,manfd-es(t)ivveal,Jsseabs~th in Aus· inform graziers and extension

- .. workers of the most effectiveresearch activities Oil film. Tt now has a stair of len in- measures for controlling theThe only countries to rc- eluding editors, script writers, catlle tick found in parts ofspond to this suggestioll artists and pholographers, and northern Austral ia,were Australia alldCuuHda. no longer has to rely on bar· For the film tu get its lllCS·

Mr. J. E. CUllullins, who retired rowed equipment. sage across it was necessary toIllst year, nnd who was thcn The Unit's equipment in- show in a simple and forcefulDirector of CSIH.'s Scientific eludes an llArriflcx" camera, rql way the stages in the tife his-Linisoll a 11 (I InJ'ofll1ufion cuiting table, equipment [or [' tl t' k tl t' k' d

synchronizing lip movement on. {ory o· 1e le. le IC S . c-UurellU, W3S givell tlw joh of mm with sound recorued on pe-nuence on caBlc for themaking the film. magnetic tape. and a lime lapse completiun of its lire cycle,A number of outside organiza- cine-camera with electronic the existence of "weak"tions were approal:hcd and controls. in the life cyclequoles were given ranging from One of the Unit's recent films which control measures£5,000 to f10,000 wilh an esli- "Fighting the Cattle Tick" pro- proved 10 be erleclive,~~~~etl~s.production time of 18 vides an example of the way Mr, Stall Evans wrote the

Uu( MI'. CLJmmins WHS con- in which the Unit sets about very first script for lhis film andvinccu that CSlR could make making a film, this was then revised and I'e~this film within six months and "Fighting tbe CaHlc Tick" is organized by the Division ofat a cost of only .£2,000. a 16 mm. colour film with Entomology's cattle tick

With no preViotlS cxpcr,icnce spoken commentary and a run- workers.of film making, Mr. CUTllmins !ling time of sixteen minutes. Another member of the Filmgathered around him a group In Ihh .ycar's Hnllual COIllJ)cti M Unit, David COI'kc, currenlIyof four people to produce a ~il~)":lt~fitfll~~C~~~~r~~iS~lJ!I~~:il~~)wl~':.:j with Dr. Donald Thomson's cx-two~hour 16 mm, 11Im with d't' l d' II r ofcommcntary and music to be in the fcaching cntcAory for n ~e I lOll S \.I ~lIlgl le~a Ives .dubbed in uncI' shooting. lucid exposition of ifs subject. t le Great ,~allc y esert In

Mr. Stan Evans, nOW Ofliccr II was produccd in co-opera- WC:'lltcrtn, Aus,trat

Ifia, \filnal~YI J:?-lion with the Division of Ento~ wrO e le SCflpor le L1 m 111

in Charge of theFUm Unit, was mology and lhe Queensland a form acceptable lo everyone,to make arrangemcnts for all DCl1artmelll of Agr,'cl,lture ',Ind David Corke shot most of theshots required and to obtaindetails for the commentary; Slack and location shots were live action for lhe cattle tickM'r, Eric Smith. who is now made mostly at Jngham in film and was also responsiblephotographer for the Division Queensland. for directing and editing it.of Building Research, was madeavailable by the Division ofForest Products for camerawork; and Miss YvonncRaphael, a stenographer withthe Scientific Liaison and Information Bureau was made responsible [or editing.

The only person in LIle groupwith any background of practical mm-making was Mr. FredDangerfield who was secondedfrom thc Victorian RnilwaysFilm Section,

Using borrowed equipmentanti learning as they went along,the group set to work. Inspite of diHlcullics and frustrations that few could have anticipated they completed the IiIm intime for the Royal SocietyConfercnce.

The Film Unit as it is knowntoday was eslablished in 1951when it became Cl separate section of I-lead Ollice,

Since then Ihe Film Unil hasproduced sixty-three releasefilms and twenty-three researchrecord films und has won a

PUTTING SCIENCE Q,N FILM

056-1963

Tllis Month's Overseas Travellers

TOKYO GAMES

in the United States (exclusiveof t..avcl timc) of which abouttwo-third, should be spent atone university or recognized research institution.

All travel grants cover thecost of direct transport betweenthe candidate's home in Australia and the institution hewishes to attend in the Unit cdStates.

No Hllowances arc made fordependants' lravel.

All awards are made in opencompetition.

Further information and ap[)licatioll forms may be obtained from the United StatesEducational Foundation, p.a.Box 'i'i9, Canberra City, A.C.T.

lIead omce Social Club IlllSreceivcd nn oncI' from Ail'Jndin of lal'gc~S(,Hlc reduction.llin air flues 1'01' people wishing10 travel to Tokyo fnl' the 1964OIYlllpics in Octohcr IICX~ yenI'.

First-class air farcs fromMelboun1e to Tokyo will bediscounted by 30% fol' a parlyof sixteen or morc people.

The concession air fare willIhus be £302 per person.

Aircraft on the outward journey from Melbourne to Tokyowill touch down at Perth, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and HongKong, Package tOUl'S withEnglish-speaking guides can bee-ll'l'anged and may include, forexample, three days spent inTokyo with the rest of the timespent touring Japan.

Modern hotel accommodation will be available, eitherJapanese Or European style,

For further information andbooking procedures please contact Miss Jean Chaplin, HeadOlnce Social Club, 314 AlbertStreet, East Melbournc.

Miss lllmn Southby of the [)ivision of Dail'y Research gathcrcdhonours for herself a( fhe lus( H.o,l'ul Melbournc Show. Shewon fhe Coloncl I)ope Cup on hcr hay gelclin~ Jalnar and 1IIsocurried 01\' the uwurd rur compdHivc (ruining pofcnHal. Pmnalso took four'hlJ]acc in Hie Garryowcn trolJlly for the besteCjucsh'icnllc 'urnout. Dcs('I'ihin~ IU'CJulI'uiions for (he GaITY"OWl~1l HS ~'l'UUWI' 11 Imtile", 1'11111 snid Hmt 'hc Itllliting of thehorse's IllUIIC ulone (ook fI long time 10 get the ItCrlcdion everyridClo dcsil·cd. l~roomillg was U Inosl eXUding proccss. I)amtook JUhlUl' with bel' io Dookic AgriclIltllml Collegc lust )'CHI'

whcn she was doing nn ngriculhu'al science COllrse, lIe provedfo be a lIseful stock 11orsc. At Dairy Rescarch Ilnm nssisfs withthe work 011 low viscosily cascin for ihe pnper industry andrc-combined powdered milk products for Asian nUll'kcts,

Fulbright Travel GrantsTr!l'velgra'lt~llreagllilLlIyaih!l)le to AII~tralian citizens togo to thc United Statcs for study, research or lecturiug atAmcricall Universities and other institutions of higherlearning during 1964-65.

An cnndidnies musi huld aUniversity degree Ol' similal'f)lmlificnfion, possess a gumoanM

tce of financial support in dollfiloS, be aHiliated wHit nnnppl'ovcd American institutionof ltigllCI' learning l and he Aush"uliun citizens.The minimum period of studyin the United States for studentsis one acaden1ic yenro

Lecturers must spend a lninimum o[ one semester and rc~

search scholars three months

At the time of writing this article, Council is stillawaiting a decision of the Architects' Claim whichhas become known liS the "Technical Grades Case"ill the Commonwealth Public Service.However, nrrungcment.'\ nre being linnlized for H ~w()~dllY

CounciIRill-l'crson mecHng followed by 11 meeting 1l~ HendOffice with 'he Sel'fc'aria' llnd IlOssibly mcmbers of 1heExecuHvc. .-For the first time we will have delegates from six statesas well as the elected members or Council. H is expectedthat the following people will represent the Association atthis meeting:

lVll". El'icMui'l'ny - Federal Jlresident,Mr, Bill Menzies- General Secretary, Miss Eve Aheul'u-Gcncrul Treasurcr,!VI." Hugh DUI'lIe - Publicity Ollirel', M." Rymel AbelClmirmnll N.S,W. Itl'1lJ1ch, Mr. Rollo WuHc - Chail'manQuccnsland nJ'1l1lch, Mr. Uny Mclnncs - Chairman A.C.T.Rl'UIICII, Ml'. HatTy Hcatb~ Clmil'llllln ViclOl'ian Ul'anch,Mr. Nocl Dllcldcy - Chnh"man Soulh AusfraliulI Branch,nud Mr. John Hill -- Secrchny Western Austrnlinn llrunchrepresenting W.A. ChnhonuHI,

A lengthy agcmJa is being prepared and it is expected thatthe Council meeting will commence on the Saturday morning and continue all day Sunday,

At the conclusion of the meet ing, a definite list of itemswill be prepared for the following day which will be spental Head Olllee. It is expected that Branch reports willfurnish some of the rnaterial for the Head Office conl'ereneewhich wilt mainly be used for discuss.ion on Salary claimsand application of decisions affecting the Public ServiceTechnical Grades.

Members will appreciate the dinlculty in arranging theseconferences to fit in with the Arbitrator's decisioll, but mayrest assured that the most important item is "Work VahlcSalary Increases".

MI'. F. J. LellllllY, Chief ofthe Divi,ion of AppliedPhysics, Jell Australia last SepHlember to attend H meeiing ofthe International Commiltcc ofWeights and l'vlcasul'cs held inParis. He will also allenu theInternatiollal Organization ufLegal Metrology to be held inParis in November.

Ik H. LindJev of the Divi,ionof Prolein Che'mistry is (ravelling to Francc where he willwork with Dr. J. Kruh in theResearch Laboratory attachedto the .Hospital des EnfantsMaJades in Paris. [n Januaryhe will transfer to the Department of Zoology at King's College, London, and will work ontile biosynthesis of wool in thesJ\.in of sheep.

Dr. J, A. Mad"..en oC theDivision of Prolein Chemistryhas been awarded H FulbrightTravel Grant Hnd is spendingsix months with Dr. lL J.Hiskey oC the. Deparlment ofChemistry at the University ofNorth C~H'olina slLIdying newmethods for synthesis of cystinepeptidcs and other organic di R

sulphides of the type occurringin wooL Dr. Maclaren has alsobeen awarded a Weizmann Fellowship and following his stayin the United States will spendtwelve months with ProfessorEphruim Katchelski of theDivision of Biophysics at theWeizmann lnstitute of Sciencein Israel on polypeptide syn R

thesis. While overseas he willalso visit research centres inthe United Kingdom andEurope.

1\11'. J, 'I. f)lnU, AdministrativeOlncer or the Division of Textile Physics. Ryde, left recentlyfor London where he has beenappointed Liaison Officer. Mr.Plait will he away for threeyears.

M... M. K. Shaw of theDivision of Food Preservationleft Australia recently to under~

take a Divisional 'rraineeshipat the University of California.He will study the physiology ofmicro-organisms at low tem R

peratures to provicle furtherunderstanding of the mechan·isms of food spoilage.

Or, D. E. Weis.. of theDivision of Physical Chemistryis at present 011 a ten weekvisit to Israel, Lebanon, Syria,and India, to discuss water supply problems jn arid countries.

",isH the Philippines, 'rhailandand Japan.

nr. D. L. Ifollway of theDivision of Appplied Physicslefl Australia last September toattend the 14th General Assembly of the HR.S.!. inTokyo. Since then he has beenvisiting various research centrescngagcu in microwave anuradio frequency research inNorlh America and Ihe UnitedKingdom

DO'. A, 11. IfOI)e of theDivision of Food Preservationhas accepted H N uflieldDominion Travelling Fellow·ship in the natural sciences andwill spend a year in thc U.K.studying ionic movement inplant cells Hnd across cell membranes. He will be working atthe Universily of East Anglia,Norwich, with Professor J.Dainty. Dr. Hope will atlendthe International tlolanicalCongress at Edinburgh inAugust 1964, and intends mal<..·ing a brief visit to the U.S.A.

Dr. G. F. l1ulUjlhl'ey, Chiefof the Divi<;ion of Fisheriesand Oceanography, left Australia recently to attend theExecuti ve Meeting of theSpecial Cornmittec o-C Oceanographic Research and the InterGovernmental OceanographicCommission's Bureau meetingto be held in Paris in OClober,He will also attend the F.A.O.12th Session to be held in Romein Novcmber nnd the LC.S.U.General Assembly to be held inVienna.

week visit of Australia for dis·cuss ions on sheep and cHalediseases and animal nuLrition,In addition to visiting CSIROlaboratories he will spend someti I11e with State Departments ofAgriculture and with UniversityFaculties of Veterinary Science.

!\Ill.. J. Kntznclson of theAgricultural Experiment Station, Neveh Yaar, Post Haifa,IsracI, is at present spendingthree months working with Dr,Morley of the Division of PlantIndustry all the evolution andtaxonomy of subterraneanclover.

M,', W. 11. Goddlll'd of theCollege of Agriculture, University of California, is at present on a six month visit tothe Division of MeteorologicalPhysics where he is workingon the construction of twoHEvapotrol1s". The "Evapotron" measures automalicallyand directly the evaporationfrom a natural surface such asa lake or pasture. It relatesevaporation (0 the rate of tlli<·bulence transfer of waleI'vapour in the vertical throughmeaSlJrement of air densily,specilic humidity, and the vertical velocity component ofwinu. Mro Goddard is shownbelow using an HEvapotron" (0record evaporation from a pasture.

Mr. E. R. IInllanlyne of theDivision of Uuilding Researchleft Australia recently 10 atlendthe International Union of Testing and Research Laboratoriesfor Materials and Structuresin Abidjan f Ivory Coast, Africa,and to study problems associ~

ated with building in tbetropics. He will also spendabollt fOllr weeks visiting research centres in the 1JnitcdKingdom.

M,·. F. M. IInlnnd oJ theDivision of ·Fisheries andOceanography has bee nawnrdcd an overseas 'postgraduate sludentship to enablehim to carry out research atthe John Hnpkins University,Baltimore, and to study physicaloceanography.

Dr. D. G, Cosgrove of theDivision of Plant "Industry hasleft Australia for NorthAmerica, Greal Britain, andEurope. He has received agrant from the RockefellerFoundation and while inAmerica wilI study with Pro~

fessol' C. E. Balloll, Department of Biochemistry, University or California. ProfessorBalloll is a worlu authority oninositol phosphates on whichDr. Cosgrovc is working.

Mr. C. T. Gales of theDivision of Tropical Pastureshas been awarded a Seato research fellowship to enable himto study nitrogen nxation insoils under tropical conditions.He will be absent from Aus:tndia for six months and will

VISITORS FROM OVERSEASD,.. K. Asai of the Physics

Department, University of Kyoto, will spend twelve monthsworking with Dr. J. S. Drydenof the Dielectrics Section ofthe Division of AppliedPhysics. Or. Asai has beenstudying the abnormal dispersion of dielectrics, chiefly longchain molecules and ammoniumnitrate.

DI'.M. DCmCI"C(' arrived inCanberra recently where he willspend three months with theDivision of Plant Industry. Dr.Demerec, who received hisunder-graduate training inYugoslavia, and 'studied atCorncll University, joined thestaff of the Carnegie Institute'sDepartment of Genetics atCold Spring Harbour in NewYork forty years ago and laterbecame Director of the Laboralory. His work has been on therelationship -between mutationsund biochemical processeso Dr.Demerec retired from the ColdSpring Harbour Laboratories in1961 and joined the BiologyDepartment of the UnitedSlates Atomic Energy Commission's Laboratories atllrookhaven where he has CDn~

tinued his research.l'l'llressol' S. Hnfhllld of the

Royal Veterinary College,Sweden, is at present on a six

056-1963

APPOINTMENTS TO STAFF CSIRO Life Insurance Plan

"Ill' alIVlIys CO/ll,.;l'(,.\· 10 I('a\'" us IvillI th" washing-lip."CoPyrtl.\"hL London PUllch

~~"'''''''''''~I~~''''''~ Prln{cl1 Iw C.S.LR,O" Melbourlle

and M..Sc. degrees from theUniversity of Sydney and obtained his Ph.D. degree fromQueen's UniversitYl Ontario, in

Dr. R. M. SMllllE

t 959. During 1954-S5 Dr.Smillie was a part-time lecturerin biochemistry Ht the Univers~

ity of New South Wales.Mr. J. 11. WhiUem has been

appointed OlTkcr-in~Charge ofthe Division nf Animal Health'sResearch Laboratory HI, Parkville, Melhourne. In this position he will supervise the pJan~

/ling llndil1lplcmentation of research projects related lo theprevention and control of certain Iivc-stock diseases and willconlinllc lo develop research in

As an example, a membcl'aged 30 next birthday eleCts. 10lake six units. The forlnightlydeduction from his salary at thecurrent rale is 9/- and this giveshim immediale death cover of£4,080 which decreases grndually each year and enus on his651h birthday.

This \ypc of contract is par~

liculmly suitable for yuungmarried mell with depcndentsand for single mell who anlici~

pate taking on similar responsihilities in the fuLure.

Thc low prernilll11 rate en~

abIes sllbstantiaJly greater coverto be secured than might befinancially convenient underbasic life assurance.

Any member of CSIRO whowishes to take oul a policy orwishes lo add additional unitswhile the current low rales apply may obtain applicationforms from his Regional. Administralive Officer or from theA.M.P. oflice in ilis Stale.

related fields. Mr. Whitlerngraduated B.Y.Sc. (Hons.) fromlhe University of Sydney in\942 and then transferred to theR.A.i\.F. whem he completedan operational tOllr in theMcditermnean Allied CoaslalAirforcc. He spent two years,1950-51, al the University ofMinnesota on a Fulbrighl fellowship where his particularinterest was in the study ofimmunology. In 1947 he joinedlhe Animal lnduslry Branch oflhe Northern Terrilory Administration al AJice Springsand became Director of theBranch in 1958.

The A.M.P. Society is to iucrease the premiullls payableunder the CSIRO Lil'e InsuI'Rnce l'hm as 1'1'0111 1st March,1964.

Dr.

Mr..r. A. Smclstol'lus hasjoined the Division of ForestProducts where he will asshtin the study of compounds ofthe plant ccll wall, plant gumsand the chemistry of the caln~

bium. Hc is a native ofLithuania and obtained thefeliowship diploma in AppliedChemistry from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technologyin 1959. Hc was previollsly achemist al the Victorian Government Health Labol'atoric'iand from 11.)56-'18 worked as abiochemist with the Department of Repatrialioll.

Mr, J. A. SMElSTORIUSDr. n..M. SmiHic has been

appointed leader of theDivision of Food Preservation'sPlant Physiology Unit at theUniversity of Sydney. The Unitcarries out basic research onbiochemical and biophysical aspects of plant physiology. Dr.Smillie was previously cm~

ployed bv the Biology Department of 'Brookhaven NationalLaboratory and headed a groupstudying aspects or planl n1cLa~

bolism. He holds B.Se. (Hons.)

ated IJ.Se. (Hons.) from theUniversity of Nottingham ill1957, and was aw.ardcd hisPh.D. by the same Universityin 1962. Hc was previouslyassistant lecturer in the Departmellt of Physiology of the RoyatVeterinary College, Universityof London.

This plan was initiated uy .MI'.G. F..'utlll of A.M.f». in Junll~

U1'y 1959 DIHJ fhe tofnJ sum U~·

SUI'cd is now £I! million.So far there have been threedeath claims paid amounting tomore than £9,000.

When the plan was inallgt1~

rated Ihe A.M.P. Society indicated that premium rates woult!be reviewed at the end of llveyears and if necessary varied.

Although the Soeiely has declared a surplus of this class ofbusiness and will allot a bonusshortly, it cons.iders that it isstill necessary to increase premiums in view of the insulIkicnl margin of safely which ex~

isls.However. no alterations will

be made in {he prelllhJllls ofpolicies already en:ected and intcmijng contribulors will begiven the opportunity of elIect R

ing new or additional units atthe old low rates until the 1stMarch next year.

After that date the increasedratcs of premium will apply.

Mr. N. R. KAY

M ... N. R. Kay has joined theDivision of Chemical Physics.He will work in the ElectronicsLaboratory o[ the IIl5(rUIl1Cn(

Section and will assist in theDivision's research programme,particularly in the design, preliminary construclion and testing of special electronic equipment. 'In 1955 Mr. Kay receivedhis diploma in Elcctricill Engineering at CaulficlJ TechniculCollege and in t 959 graduatedIJ.E.E. frol11 the University ofMelbourne. He obtained hisMaster's degree in EngineeringScience in 1962 at the sameUniversity. He was (ormerlywith the P.M.G. Departmentwhere he worked in their circuil laboratory.

I)... W. It. Shnrlhose hasjoined the Division of FoodPrcflcrvalion and will investigate, in meat animals, thephysiological factors prior to~Iaughlcr which aft'ect meatqualily. Dr. Shorthose gradu-

Ph.D. degrees from the sameUniversity. Since 1959 Dr.Kala has been research assistant in the Mineralogical Instilute. Universily of Tokyo. Heis interested in the mineralogyof clay-like subst.ances containing ions of heavy melal~.

chemica! technique'! and equipment used in the evaluation ofcloud sec<.Hng equipment. :l\1r.Duncan holds a B.Sc,(Holls.)degree from the University of

London. He was a member oftbe Imperial College expeditionto Kaslllllir in 1960 and holdslhe Royal i\ero Club A and Bgliding certificates. His hobbiesalso include sailing and ,"Jketch\ng.

MiriS H.M. It. Hit:'ks has beonappointed to the Division ofMathematical Statistics and islocated at the Division of FoodPreservation, Sydney. She isassisting with statistical problems associated with research in

food technology. She flraduatcd I3.Sc. from the Universityof Sydney in 1961 and has beenworking t[lere as Senior Com~

puling Assistant\)". '[nshin lCaln of the

Mineralogical. Institute in theFaculty of Science, Universityof Tokyo, has taken up a threeyear appointment with theDivision of Soils in Adelaide.While wilh the Division Dr.Kala will undertake research insoil problems using X~ray techniques. He graduatctl H.Se. in1953 from the University ofTokyo and holds the M.Sc. and

Mr. L. A. Alien has been appointed to tbe Division ot Textile Industry where he will beassociated with hwcstigalions ofnew lncthods of yarn ProducNHon. Mr. AlIen is a graduateof the University of WesternAustralia, obtaining his IJ.Sc.(Hons.) in 1954. He was formerly a senior physicist withMullard Radio Valve Company,SUITey, England. His workthere was mainly concernedwith electron and X-ray diffraction investigations.

Miss S. DOBRZYNSKA

1\ttiss S. Dobl'zynskn has beenappointed to the Division ofPhysi.cs where she wi 11 assistwilh the work or the paramagnetic resonance group. MissDobrzynska worked for someyears in Warsaw on the development of I.dtra~high frequencyradio valves. She holds thediploma in Electrical Engineering from the Leningrad Poly(echnic (\ 954) and is a nativeof 'Poland, She is an AssociateM,ember of the Australian 1nstitute of Engineers. MissDobrzynska previously workedwith Standard Telephones andCl:ibles l Sydney, as a project engineer.

Mr. It. R. Cl'osthWllilc hasjoined the Division of Radiophysics and is working 011 the210-foot radiolelescope atParkcs. ]-[0 obtained hisDiploma of EJectril'al Engineering from the Gordon rnstitutcof Technology, Geelong, in1950 and graduated IJ.E.E. fromthe University of Melbourne in1952. He was previousty employed as Chief Engineer withTNQ Channel 7, Townsville.From 1953-54 he undertookpost-graduale training with theEnglish Eleclric Companyworking in their guideJ wcap~

OilS division.Mr. A. D. DUllcan has joined

the Division of Radiophysicswhere he will assist in lhe· development of physical and

056-1963

CORESEARCHFOR CIRCULATION AMONG MEMBERS OF CSIRO STAFF - NUMBER 57, MELBOURNE. DECEMBER 1963

Mr, R. Brewel' of the CanberraRegional Laboratory, Divisionof Soils, has been awarded thedegree of Doctor of Scienee bythe University of Sydney.

Mr. J. M. Gillcspie of theDivision of Pl'otein Chemistryhas been awarded the degree ofDoctor of Science by the University of Melbourne fol' hiswork on the fractionation anclcharacterization of wool proteins.

Mr. L L. Mullel' of theDivision of Dairy Research hasbeen awarded the 1962 SilverMedal of the Australian Societyof Dairy Technology, Thisaward is for the best paperpublished in the AustralianJournal of Dairy Technologyin the year preceding theaward.

and their moisture content.The third research worker

will maintain liaison with theindustry and will visit tannersthroughout Australia to helpin overcoming individual prob-lems. .

Commenting on the Government's decision to establish aleather research fund, Mr, J.J. Madigan, President of theFederated Tanners' Associationof Australia, said1 "The tanningindustry is delighted and grateful that the Government hasgiven il the opportunity tohave research conducted byCSIRO, The tanning industryis a big exporter and is important 10 Australia and themeat industry",

Mr. Madigan added, "I feelsure that CSIRO will be ableto worl( the same wonders withleather as it has already donewith wool".

HONOURS

chemistry will provide avaluable background for theleather investigations.

In turn l it is expected t.hatthe Division's work on woolwill benefit from a closeassociation with the leatherresearch programme.

Leather is an iinportant industry in Australia. There aresome one hundred tanneries inthis country with an annualproduction worth about £22million.

Moreover, Australia produces 38 million sheep skinsand 8 million othcr skins,mostly from cattle, and theseare processed into lea the!' botlllocally and overseas.

At present leather faces asevere threat from pJastics.Research into ways of improving its properties is therefore essential if it is to hold itsown in the market and compete successfully with rivalmaterials.

Initially it is envisaged thatthree research workers will beappointed.

The first of these will workon the structure of hides andskins. on post-marlem changesin the hide, and on their relation under diITerent methods ofcuring to the various propertiesof the finished lealher.

He will also be involved indeveloping techniques forassessing the various properliesof hides and skins after tanning,such as feel, texture j hardnessand strength.

A second research workerwill concentrate on the designand constrllclion of laboratoryequipment for drumming andstaking, and of instruments tomeasure the thickness of hidcs(for control of shaving andsplittiag), their surface acidity

Leather Research Fund Established

Above is nn urt'ist's impression of the 1'1ldio heliograph building to be built at Narrnbri, N.S.Wo,for the Division of Radiophysicso '1'lIe building will be at HIe centre of a two mile diameterring ot' nillcfy~six sauccrw,rshupcd acrinls. Each aCl'iul will feed information (0 the observationbuilding to gain lU'ccisc knowledge of (he nldio Jlm'cs cnumating from the SUII. The consh'udiollof the l'adio heliograph has heen malic )lossihle by n gift of $550,000 fl'om the FordFoundation. The instrument muy help '0 solve Hie mystery o[ the giganl1c explosions ondstorms which occur in the sun's atmospherc.

The Commonwealth Government Ilnd the tanningindnsh'y will each contri·bute £22,000 a year to theLeather Research Fnnd [orIl period o[ not less thanfive years.The }i'llIU] will be used tofinance u new Ill'ogrnmme ofleather investigaHons by theDivision of Protcin Chemistryin its recently opened fivestorey laboratol'Y in the Mcl w

hournc SUbUl'b of Purkville.

The Division is already under R

taking a sludy of collagen, thebasic component. of leather, inconnection with the tanning ofsheep skins, for use in hospitals, and ils work on protein

MI.. Ao Inglis, of the Division of Protein Chcmistry, shows nnamino acid llnulyzcl' developed in fhe Division to DI·. 0, 1-1.Fmnkcl of fhc Exccutive nnd Advisol'Y Council mcmhers, lVII'. l~.

H. Lee Sfccl'c DlldMI'. C. n., Kcllyo This machine can curry outninc simultancous nnalyscs in thh'ty·(ivc hours and rcplacescurlier overscas models which could hundle only 11 single nnnl)'sisevery twcnty~hvo hours.

ADVISORY COUNCIL MEETSThe CSIRO Advisory Council helel its twenty-eighthsession at Head Office on 11th and ] 2th November,Onc Hem which ul'oused much synthetic fibres would be in-il1(cl'cst was n review of the creased,needs fol' bnilding accOIll- Dr. W. J. Seott, of the Divi-modaHon. SiOll of Food Preservation. 001-M r. CL n. G resford said that lined proposals for meat 1'e-the Organization had en- search at the Division's newcountered long-standing frus- laboratories to be buill attration in providing itself with Cannon Hill. Brisbane.adequate hOllsing. He said that this work

Post-war building difficulties would be greatly assisted by theduring a period of expansion annual grant of £90,000 fromhad led to the erection of tem- the Australian Cattle and Beefporary premises, which in many H.csearch Committee.cases were noW unsafe when Dr. I. W. McDonald, Chiefllsed as laboratories. of the Division of Animal

University expansion meant Physiology, and Mr. W. M.that CSIRO now had to look Willollghby, Oflicer-in-Chargefor neW accommodation to re- of the Division's Pastoral Re-place that granted when uni- search Laboratory at Armidalc,vcrsities had room to spare. spoke of the laboratory's in-

Building funds nOW available vestigations into the processestotalled £1 million per annum governing animal productionbut this amount was hardly from pasture.sufficient for both expansion The aim was to use theand rehabilitation. knowledge so gained to achieve

M'ajor buildings erected since maximum quantity and quality1945 included those for the of annual product per acre atDivisions of Tropical Pastures, minimulll cost per unit ofSoils, Food Preservation, Bio- animal product.chemislry and General Nutri- Or. J. R. Philip, Assistanttion. and Plant Industry. Chief of the Division of Plant

Buildings were now beingconstructed for the Divisions Industry, gave an outline of theof Animal Genetics,Land He- research to be undertaken insearch and Regional SlIrvey, the proposed Pye Laboratoryand Chemical Physics. at Canberra.

Despite the nbovc Ill'ogress, The aim of this work· waslHro Gl'csford told Advisory to improve our understandingCouncil that scrious sHualions of the physical processes thatwcro in cvidcnce at Chemical determined the field environ-I)hysics, National S~andal'ds ment. F I)' t d' , b t CSIRO th D t t' T 1Labomtol'Y. narliophysies. ConI These included the transfer 0 oWing recen Iscusslons e ween ,e epar men 01 ra(,e

cRc.carch.For.st-I"'oduetB,lhcc cpruCQs,~eLilLthe lowcrccatmos'_,calld representatives-ofthe--tallningindush'y,-theCommonwealth Govern-Canberra Hbl'1lry, All i m a I phore and soil, the energy t' t t bl' I L th I~ I F d 'th' CSIRO t fiGenelies and Animal Health. balance at the earth's surface, HIen IS 0 es a IS I a ea er "esearc 1 <un WI c In 0 InanCe

Dr. F, G. Lennox, Chicf of water balance, and carbon investigations into problems concerning the Australian tanning industry,the Division of Protein Chem- dioxide balance.istry, told Council members of A discussion on CSIRO's re-current research in the 'Vooi search work on the cattle tickResearch Laboratories on tho was introduced by Mr. C. S.handling and processing of Christian of the Executive andwooi (rom the. time it was Mr. \V. J. D. Shaw, Chairmantaken from the sheep's back of the Queensland State Com-until its conversion to woven mittce.fabric. Or. Lennox also spoke Mr. Christian said thatof CSIRO's work on the de- CSIRO eX per i men t shadvelormcnt of new finishing demonstrated that tick resist~

processes for wo ve n a n cl ancc was an hereditableknitted goods. character in A.l.S. cattle, Rod

He said that the results of that tick resistance could beCSIRO's wool ,rese<1I'ch had re- induced in cattle (underccivcd favourable publicity laboratory conditions) by in-throughollt Australia and future jcction of extracts of larvalefforts to meet the threat of ticks.

057##1963

BUHSARY

Forest Products in 1946,He resigned from Ihis job

but later joined the stores records section at Head Ofilce.

Throughout his career withCSIRO he has carried outstock taking in all parts of theCommenwealth excepl Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

Mr. WilliaI1ls will be remembered by a large numberof people for his unfailingcourtesy und friendliness.

Master A. A~ Stewnrl, sou ofMr. G. A. Stewart, Chief ofthe Division of Lmull Researchami H.cf:iollnl Survcy, rcceivcdthis year's Gcclong GnumnarSchool bur~"Ury. -Two of these bursaries ateheld at any onc time and areawarded to sons of employeesof CSIRO Hin recognition ofthe great contribution matlc bycsmo to thc grazing andolher industries."

Annual value of each bursary is lwo-lhirds of lhe [otalschool fces.

lUDWIG lEICHHARDT FELLOWSHIP

One of the most gratifying ell'ects of onr publicationof the present Salary Claims fol' CSIRO TechnicnlStall', has been the resllOnse [rolll individnals andgroups wishing to join the Association.These people wc warmly welcome, as IUllIlcricnl strcngthis the lifeblood of our Association, and the grcaler theperceutage of financial members, the gl'cHlcl' impact ourncgoHalioJls bave ou various issm~s.

But we have recently noticed that a number of usuallyisolated individuals who have joined our Association forvarious reasons have now come to the conclusion that theycan enjoy any benefits gained by the Association without having (0 contribute onc penny.

The facl that they run up H bill with the Associationfor each year's subscriptions does not seem to worrythem. Neilher does the fact that their fellow TechnicalStafL who are financial members, are put in the positionof helping to pay [or the privilege o[ negotiating Salaryrises for them.

So much for the few individuals who just cannot bebothered remaining financial in their Association.COUNCIL-IN-PERSON MEETING

Reference to this meeting was made in the previousissue of llCorcscarch". Arrangements have now been madela hold Ihe Council meeting on the 7lh and 81h December,followed by our meeling wilh the Secretariat on the 9th.Each of these meelings wlll be held at Head Ollicc.

We would like to draw members' attention to the Agentlawhich has been prepared. The easiest way of doing thisis to enquire from your Divisional delegate or BranchSecretary.

The Branch Delegate who attends the Council meetingwill be able to earry out his job in Melbourne much bctlerif he is shown that the Branch members arc vitally interested in the proceedings.

RetirementMr, Bert WiIIlmns. head slocl,taker fol' the Victorian Regional OHice, l'ctircd from 'heOl'ganizat'ion recently bcclluSCof ill-health,Following war service with theRAAF Mr. WlIliams becamea clerk with lhe Division of

litcnt foranalysis.

Production faciJilics were being extended to cope with anannual production of lampsvalued at noo,ooo.

Dr. Walsh said Ihal Ihealomic absorption rnclhod wasnow llsed in more than seventyAustral ian laboratories engagedin mining, metallurgy, agricul R

tllre, medical research, electroplating, brewing, wine·making,amI oH analysis. Continual improvements in technique werebroadening the scope of themethod and the demand forequipment was expected to inCrease for several years.

amplifiers, and these were assembled with existing monochromators to provide atomicabsorption spcctropholomcte1'S.

In Allgusl 1962, TechtronPly. Lld., Melbourne, commenced production of compleleatomic absorption spectrophotometers, based on 1110nochromulors imported [ramEngland or Germany.

'rechtron now had in production a grating monocbro~11'alor, designed by the Division and using replicas ofgratillgs produced on the Division's ruling engine.

It was confidcntly expectedthat many of these 1110nochromators, and complcte atomicabsorption spectrophotometemwould be exported.

The· special atomic spectrallamps which had lo bc developcd [or Ihis work had beenmanufactured since 1959 byRans.ley Glass Instruments,Collillgwood.

The demand for lheselamps, particularly from overseas, grew to sueh an extentthat in March this year a separate company, Atomic Spectral Lamps Pty. LLd" wasformed and this firm was devoting itself exclllsively tospectral larnp manufacture.

The majority of the firm'slamps' were exported and thedemand was continuing togrow,

Virus Diseases of LivestockDr. E. L French of the Division of Animal Health gave AdvisoryCouncil members a review of some of the research into virus diseasesof livestock conducted at the Division's Parl<ville laboratory.Dr. French said that vimses been rapidly taken up overseas isolated. ide~tificd and studicd

d,'" d from most other by vcterinary laboratories and at the Pal.kvillc LaboratOl:Y.IIlcre. • in order that Australia should These mcluded the Vlruscs

causative agents of mfec· not lag behind in gaining new responsible for sporadic bovinetions diseases becanse they knowledge in this field, CSIRO encephalomyelitis (a seriouscould not be gl'own in inel't had established a virus re.. brain. disease ,!f caWe ?ccur-culture nledia independent 5carch llnit at the Division of nng 111 Tasmania, Vtctona and

f. • 11· 'tl' Animal Heallh's Parkville New Soulh Wales), and Ihe

o the hvmg ce s WI un Laboratory in 1958. virus responsible [or bolh in-body tissues. The unit, which was under fcctious bovine rhinotrache}tisThis had created n great ob- the direction of Or. French, and infectious pustular vagllli-staclc to the study of viruses was still the only research unit tis.and associated diseases, in Australia exclusively de- Dr. French said Ihat thcIn relatively recent years, how~ voted to research on virus dis- virology unit had made goodever, this obstacle hacl been cases of liveslock. progress in the last four years,largely overcome j firstly by the The Hrst objeclive was to despite what wen~ often 1I11-usc of the developing egg mn- reveal and study virus causes avoidable limitations in thebryo then, secondly, and more of livestock discases in Aus- provision of facilities.i~nporlantJy, ~.,y the appli~;:!- tralia. The recently completcd ex-tIOn of techi1lqu.c~ that f~CIIt- A -second important objective tension of the Parkville Lab-tated the grow111g of tlsSU~ was to create a skilled sPQcial- oratory would provide spacecells through a number of ist group which, even though for additional staIr and forgenerations in test tub,es outM stimulate the tbought and facilities such as an electronsm~Jl, would prOVIde a action that would augment our rnicroscop_~,. required [or worknp.llOnal centre that would defences against devastating on biophysics, while additionalSIde of the body. virus diseases of livestock animal ·accummodation and

These new techniqucs had should they enter the country ancillary facilities were beingdespile the quarantine barriers. provided at the Division's cx-

Dr. French described some perimcnl station at Maribyr-of the viruses that had been nong.

The German Embassy in Canberra has 11llnoUllced theestablishment of a Ludwig Leichhardt FeUowship by theFederal German Government to cOlllmemorate theachievements in Australia of the German naturalist andexplorer LlIdwig Leichhardt who was born near Berlinin the year 1813.The grant will be under lheaegis of lhe Humboldt Foundation in Dad Godcsberg.

It will be available to Austral ian post-graduate scholars forresearch in Germany, preferably in one of the scientiflcdisciplines.

The nrst grant will be madein 1964 and will be tenable for

_______________________________________-1 on{h~o t~'1~iJea~ijowancc has

been fixed at ,£90 per monthwith additional allowances forwife and children.

Fellowship holders will notbe responsible for either university fees or return fares.

Further delails can be6btabled from the German Embassy in Canberra.

He said thnt the subject orspcdl'oscoIJY became possible 11century ngo when Kirschhoffnml l1unsclI showed Hmiatomic substance,s could emitor absorb light ilt wavelengths dmructerisHc for euchnlomic species.Em-ission spcctroscopy was nowa widely used. tool in chemical analysis.

In 1953, however. theoreticalstudies at the Division ofChemical Physics indicatedthat, contrary (.0 generally accepted -pdnciplcs, methodsbased on atomic absorptionspectra would offer vital advantages over the conventionalmethods which used atomicemission spectra.

The method and apparatushad been patented and licencesto manufacture had beengranted to flrms ~n Australia,United Kingdom, United Statesof America, Italy, and France.

There were now some threehundred atomic absorption installations ami it was expectedthat at leasl thrce hundred ayear would be installed duringthe next (ew years.

In order to assist Australianlaboratories la assess the meritsand scope of the atomic absorption method, the Divisionarranged for the manufacturein Australia of various iLemsof equipment such as atomicspectral lamps, atomizers and

Atomic AbsorptionAt the recent meeting of the Advisory Council, Dr. A.Walsh of the Division of Cllemical Physics spoke of theI,ioneering work carried out by the Division on thedevelopment of methods of chemical analysis based onatomic absol'},tion spectroscopy.

057-1963

trench. They were then measured and bent where nccessa1"yto [ollow changes o[ slopealong the line of the trench.

Pipe sections were lifted on~

(0 low blocks, the levelled endscleaned by burTIng, and thesections electrically welded endto end to form a continuouspipe supported on high blocksabove ground and to the sideof the trench.

Finally the complcted pipewas lifted, cleaned and wrapped, and lowered into thetrench to be covered by thebull dozers which left a neatridge of sail along the centreof the trench to allow forsettling.

The open trench proved atrap for both farm animalsand native fauna including alarge number of snakes. Although most of the snakeswere non-poisonous they provided an clement of excitement, particularly when attention was being focussed onthe trench face.

In many respecls the trenchwas ideal for continuous soilprofile examination in southcast Queensland.

As an east-west section itcrossed, more or less at rightangles, rainfall isohyets andseveral major geological, geo~

morphological and soil ooundaries.

Aboul one-third of its lengthran through areas_.- previouslycovered by reconnaissance soilsurveys, thus providing opportllnHies_.·for ... checkingand...extending carlier observationsand interpretations.

The trench digging and filling averaged about twelvemiles a week and this put thepressure on the pedologistswho had lo choose constantlybetween rather hurried examinations along the whole 190miles or more detailed examinations on limited sectionswith the possibility of missingout on some of the more interesting phenomena in the intervening portions.

11,e great value o[ the trenchlay in the continuity it gaveto observers of sub-soil fe'l~

lures and changes, and theirrelationship to underlyingmaterials, drainage and site.

fn places there was strikingevidence of depositional layering of soil malcrials and burialof oldcr soils.

There were also many interesting examples of stronglyordered patterns of local variation associated with gilgaimicro relief and involvingstrongly contrasted materials.

Other conspicuous butapparently random variations,vere bewildering.

While crossing the DarlingDowns two fossils were exposed at different sites andwere late; identified at theQueensland Museum as tailbones of a giant kangaroo andthe mandible and teeth of agiant wombat.

Heroes

APPOINTMENTS VACANTThe following vacancies for professional appointmcnts arccUn'cnt:-

EXPERIMENTAL OFFICER {E.O.-1/2)·--Divisioll of WildlifeResearch, 560/148 (6th Dt'ccm!Jcl·).

EXPERIMENTAL OFFICER (E.O.-1/2)-Fodder ConservationSection. 400/101 (Hlllt Decl'mhcr).

EXPERn"IENTAL OFFICER (E.O.-,~1/2) (Chcmisl)-Division ofDiochemistry and General N..ltt"itiol1. 250/134 (l6lh December).

SCIE.NTIFIC SERVICES OFIo'ICER (S.S.O.-2/3)-Editodal Section.112/36 (6th December).

H.ESEARCH OFF1CI~R (R.O.) (Diochemist)-Division of AnimalHealth. 202/214 (20th December).

Moonie PipelineAids Soil Studies

The recently completed Moonie oil pipeline has providedsoil scientists of the Soil Survey and I'e,]o)ogy Section ofthe Division of Soils in nrisbane with an opportunity ofexamining soil profiles along a 190 mile transect fromMoonie to Brisbane.

For the keen pedologist nothing matches the pit face studyof soil profiles and the pipeline trench offered the ultimate,providing whal was probablya once-in-a~lifetih1e opportunityof continuous profile examin'l.tions along its full length.

From late June to the end ofSeptember all but a dozennliles of the trench profile wereexamined by the BrisbanepeJologists.

The trench was about 2! fectwide and 4 feel deep-·~large

enough to walk in in comfortand give a llseful depth ofseclion wilhout isolating theobserver from lhe landscape..

In some parts the soil profilehad been disturbed by preliminary ripping or by drillingand blasting but the exposureswere still useful.

Conslruction of the pipelincinvoled- an impressive army ofpersonnel and equipment.

Forty-foot lengths of 10 inchdiametcI' mild stcelp~pe wercfIrst strung out alongside the

Our Unsllng

Alice O'DOlUlell of the FilmUnit is pfll't~time art directoro[ tbe Cily of neidelberg RcpcrtOl'y Group.She recently gained honours[or the Gronp by producingArthur Miller's "A View fromthe Bridge".

At the South Street competitions in Ballarat her production of this play was jud.g~d

a winner and took the JeanBarklamb Memorial Prize.

Miss O'DonnelI has produced about six plays [or theHeidelberg group includingWilde's "Ideal Husband" andAgalha Christie', "The Unexpected Guese'.

She is at present workingon a play written by New Australian author Eric wolrr.This play, provisionally titled"Remind me of Alex", will baproduced early in 1964.

The life of CSIRO administrative officers is seldomroutine, nor is it without its hazards,An administrative officer at one battery who uwol'ked" for 1l

of the Organization's field short while at the station untilstations receivcd Ihe following forcibly ejecteu.letter from n sevcnteen-und-a·· "Dear Jack-in-Office,hnlf stone ex-commando wHh Fo,. yow' kindness, courtesy11 Ilolice record for assuult und and consideraiion 1 thank you.

Your indifference and intol-

DRAMA AWARD enmce, your discrimination anddisregard for my welfare ISalso deserving at reward.

1 hope that we might meetagain ill the near future that Imay presel1t my sentiments toward you more fully and forcibly.

I remain Sir,Yours in destituli0.f1 alld

despondency,e.K."

nasture development in Austra!ia.

Donated money will supportresearch on improved pasturesin any part of Austral ia hythe award. of fellowships andgrants to aid specific projects.

Below: Al Cornell Universitylust yc~U' Dr. Rovirn obtainedgrowth responses in wheatgrown from inoculatcd seed.The whent pJunt in the left ofthe pidure has been grownfrom 1Il1inoculated seed. Theother plonts have been grownfrom seed inoculnted with(I'rom left to right) Azotobacter,Clostridium, and Bacillus.

SUB CLOVER MAN HONOURED

$ 15,000 Rockefeller GrantThe Rockefeller Foundation has made a gmnt of $15,000to the Division of Soils ill Adelaide for the purchase ofsJlCcial equipment to assist Dr. A. D. Rovira ill the studyof the soil micro-organism~ snrrounding plant roots.Portion of the grant will he plant and arc responsible [orlIsed for the COI1Slruction of various diseases.artificially..lit growth cabinet..; Others

lhowever, arc. bene-

similar to thme designed and ficial and can assist plants bydeveloped by the Engineering protecting them from root dis-Section for "CEllliS", the eases, releasing insoluble plantCunberra phytotron. nutrients from the soil, and '---------------------------1These cabinets will enable re- stimulating plallt growth bysearch to be carried out on producing vitamins and hor-plants and micro-organisms manes.&rown in environments where Research workers hope thatlIght, da'yl~ngth~ tempera lure, when more is known about theand humidlty can he carefully stimulation of bacteria andcontrolled. .. fungi by root excretions it may

The grant wlil. also b7 used be possible to inoculate seedto 'purch.asc specI~l eql1~pmellt so as to inlroduce beneficialwhich Will m~lke It pOSSible to micro-organisms into the soilgrow. p,lants In. an !1tmosphere around roots and thus improvec~mt~lI1lI1g radlOuctlve carbon plant growth.dlOxH.le and to measure the uptake and release of radioactivematerials by plant roots ~lIld

microbial cells.Research workers at the

Division have already shownthat healthy plants excretemany substances such as sugars, vitamins and amino acidswhich act as nutrients for thebacteria and fungi in the rootzone.

Some of these micro-organisms are harmful to the

The Premier of South Australia. Sir Thomas 1)layfon], last monthunveiled a simple road-side plaque near Nairne in the Adelaide hills.The plaque is near the spotwhere in 1889 Hertfordshire-born Amos WilliamHoward picked a sprig ofsnbterranean clover in aneighbour's paddock.The Il1clllOl'ial is the first l'e~

('ognilion of the Inte Mr, How1I ..d who spent forly yenni C:l~

couraging I'urmcrs tn nse subtCI'l'anCall clover.-In t889 subterranean cloverwas of no economic ~ignitk

ance, bUl Howard recognizedlhal it might easily be of greatbenefit lo farmers in his di:::;trict.

From. this small beginningsubterranean clover has spreadover tens of millions of acresof pasture country in theautumn-winter-spring rainfallzone of Australia.

Speaking in Adelaide re~

cently, Or. F. I-I. W. MOl'ely,Assistant Chief o[ the Divisionof Plant Industry, said Ihatsubterrancan clover was Australia's most famous pastureplant.

He forecast that subterraneanclover could be the key topasture improvement on morethan one hundred million acresin southern Australia.

Dr. Moriey also estimatedthat an average of (our sheepto the acre could be kept onestablished sown pastures basedOIl subterranean clover.

This would increase Austra~

lia's sheep numbers three orfour times.

The Australian Institute ofAgricultural S c i e n c e hasopened an A. W. Howard Subterranean Clover Memoria!Appeal for £25,000 to advance

057-1963

Overseas Visits APPOINTMENTS TO- STAFFplant and animal factors whichenhance or impede the acquisition of food from pasture byfrce-grazing animals. Dr. Lynchgradullted D.Y.Sc. from theUniversity of Sydney in 1957and was awarded his Ph.D.,University of Adelaide. thisyear. From 1957-58 he was avelerinary omccr with the Dc,.partmenl of Agriculture, SouthAustrnlia.

Miss I). M. lIOI)e has beenappointed to the Division ofFisheries and Oceanography,where she will assist in phytoplankton research. Miss Hopegradullted n.sc., Sydney Universitv. In 1959 and M.Sc. fr0111the same University in 1962.

Miss P. M. HOPE

She was previously a researchworker at Monash Universityand spent three years in thelJiochemistry Department, Sydney University, as demonstrator.

Dr. J. C. Ward has beenappointed to the Division ofCoal Research to investigatethe transient free radicals produced in gas phase pyrolysis,together with other reactions oforganic compounds, using electron spin resonance techniques.He gradualed D.Sc. (Hons.)from London University in1949. Since 1962 he was employed by a Buckinghamshirefirm manufacturing magneticrecording tape.

Wellesley College, M a s sa chussetts, arc currently visitingAustralia under a NationalScience Foundation GrantDuring their twelve monlhsstay in Australia Drs. Homerand Taylor will use the facilities of the Division of WitdlifeResearch to interpret the tempond and geographic patternof the spread of members ofthe Australian rat family.

Dr. K KolaI', of the Biological Research Station, Withelminenberg, near Vienna, isvisiting the Division of Wildlife Research laboratories inCanberra and will accompanyofficers in a study or areas atGrimth (N.S.W.). Tidbinbilla(A.C:f.), Hunting Ground (Tasmania), and Fisher Island. Dr.Kolar is particularly interestedin the behaviour of parrots andhis trip to Australia is beingundertakcn primarily with theview of following up behavioural studies on birds intheir natural environment.

D... I. Pl'llkllSh, of thc CentralArid Zone Research Institute,Jodhpur, India, is visiting Austrlllia under a UNESCO Fellowship and will work wilh thcDivision of Wildlife Research.His main interest is in ecology,particularly that of rodenls andlagomorphs (hares- and rabbits).Dr. Prakash is also interestedin the management of nativeanimals and National Parks inAustralill.

Printed by CSIRO, Melbourne

DI'. A. L~lwson has accepteda Fellowship in Surf aceChemistry with the Division ofTribophysics. He was previmlsly an assistant lecturer inthe Chemistry Deparlment ofGlasgow University and holds

D,. A. LAWSON

Dr. K. l(cUcl'man, anAmerican citizen and a Ph.D.graduate (1959) from the California Institute of Technology,has been appointcd to the Division of Radiophysics where hewill work on radio-astronomy.For the p"t two years he hasbeen conducting research on thespeclra of radio sources at theClllifornia Institute of Technology.

Dr. R. LcdgCl' is a new appointee to the Division ofProtein Chemistry, where hewill study the action of chemicals used in the finishing ofwool and woollen fabrics. Dr.Lcdger graduated D.Sc. (I-fons.)from the University of Sheffieldin 1960 ancl was llwarded hisPhD. degree in 1963.

the n.sc. (Hons.) and Ph.D.degrees from that tlllivcrsily.He will work on the influenceon catalytic activity of crystaldefects and surface preparation.

DI': J. J. Lynch has llcccptcdan appointmcnt at the PastoralResearch Laboratory, Armidale,where he will investigate the

VISITORS FROM OVERSEAS

Dr. E. G. Dl'oesslel', I-Telld ofthe Chemical Sciences Sectionof the National Science Foundation, Washington, is spendIng twelve months with thecloud physic group of the Division of Radiophysics. He waspreviously in Australia ror theCloud Physics Conference in1961.

D,·. N. W. IIl'olen, of theRadio-Astronomy Group of theNational Research Council,Canada, is spending two yearswith the Division of Radiophysics and will work with the2IO-foot telescope at Parkcs.

Dr. M. Demerec, of theUnited States Atomic EnergyCommission's Biology Department, is at present on a sixmonths visit to Australia,spending three months at Canberra with the Division ofPlant Indnstry. This will befollowed by visits to othergenetics laboratories throughout the country. Dr. Demerecis a past Director of theCarllegi Instilute's DepartmentCarnegie Institute's Departmentof Genetics, Cold SpringHarbour, New York. and iswcll known for his work onthe relationship between mutations and biochemical processes.

01'. II. Elizubeth Homer,Associatc Professor of Zoology,Smith College, Massachussctts,U.S.A., and Dr. J. Mary Taylor,Assistant Prafessol' of Zoology,

Courtesy McClurc Syndicate.

D,. K. HIGUCHI

!\oil'. H. T. Kellebel' has beenappointed to the Division ofRadiophysics to assist in thedevelopmenl of lechniques andequipment used in the evaluation of cloud seeding experiments. Mr. Kelleher graduatedD.Sc. (Hons.) from the University of Sydney in 1962, andhas completed a course inweather forecasting with theCommonwealth n 1I I' eau ofMeteorology.

\)". IC I-Ilguehi has accepted aFellowship with the Divisionof Radiophysics for twelvemOl.llhs. He will work on themeasurement of the verticalvelocity of air parcels inclouds. Dr. Higuchi is Assistant Professor of Geophysics III

the I-IoHaido University, Sapporo, Japan. and from 1959-60worked with American scientists on Fletcher's Ice Island inlhe Arctic Ocean.

M,'. n. H. Hill has acccptcdan appointment with the Division of Meteorological Physics,where hc will assist wilh thedesign, conslrllction and testing of research instruments.He holds the D.Eng. degree(1960) from the University ofMelbourne and was formerlywith the Government AircraftFactories, Melbourne.

for a ... scientist."

Analogue ComputerTenders will be elllled thismonth [ot· n large gcnernlpurpose analogue computer toaugment the digital cOllllmtingIIChVOl'I( now IJcing supplied tothe Organization by ControlData Corporation of Min~

nC3llOlis.

The addition of the new computer will enable researchworkers to choose the mostsuitable computational approach to each particular problem and will also facilitaleresearch in process dynamics,process control, process optimization, reactor design, and inthe many other fields ofchemical engineering amenableto analogue techniques.

Some use of hybrid analognedigital computing techniques isalso expected.

Initially the machine willcomprise about eighty operational amplifiers and a largecOJl1plcment of non - linearequipment as well as suitableperipheml facilities.

However, it is hoped to extend thc size and scope of theinstallation over the next fewyears.

The computer will be housedwith the Division of ChemicalEngineering in Melbourne butwill be available (0 researchworkers thronghout the Organization.

the Colombo Plan. He willprovide administrative assistance in the establishment of theApplied Scienlific RescarchCorporation, Bangkok.

01'. J. I'. Wild of the Divisionof Radiophysics recently attended the Symposium ofPhysics and Solar Flares at theGoddard Space Flight Cenlre,Maryland, U.S.A. At the conclusion of the conFerence Dr.Wild visited the U.K. to inspectprogress on development. workfor CSIRO's radio-heliographprojecL

"Something . .. inexpensive

Dr. R. G. Glovanelli, Chief ofthe Division of Physics, visitedthe U.S.A. to attend the Symposium on tbe Physics of SolarFlares at the Goddard SpaceF I I g h t Centre, Maryland,U.S.A. While ia America hevisited the McMath-HulbertObservatory, Michigan, and theU.S. Naval Observatory, Washington,

Dr'. W. R. HeSI) of the Division of Coal Research isattending the United NationsIron and Steel Symposium inPrague and will visit researchestablishments in Italy. Germany and the United Kingdombefore returning to Sydney.

Mr. A. J. Higgs of the Division of Radiophysics wasselected as a member of theAustralian delegation whichattended the Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference,Geneva. This Conference washeld during October andNovember and its purpose wasto allocate frequency bands forresearch activities such asradioastronomy and satellitecommunication. Mr, Higgs willreturn to Australia via theU.S.A.

Dr. M. Lipson, Chief of tbeDivision of Tcxlile Industry,recently visi led Singapore,Hong Kong, and Japan to CS~

tablish contact with peopleinterested in industrial research.He also visited Dangkok to discuss developments in wooltextile research.

Dr. J. D. Morl'ison of theDivision of Chemical Physicshas been awarded a SeniorForeign Science Fellowship bythe National Science Foundation, U.S.A., and has acceptedan appointment under thisaward as Visiting Professor inthe Department of Chemistry,Princeton University, NewJersey. Dr. Morrison will beaway for twelve months andwill deliver a course ofgraduate lectures in physicalchemistry.

Mr. R. C. McVilley of HeadOffice is making a twelvemonth visit to Thailand under

057-1963

COR ESEA R~tCyt-l - CSIROpedia

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Transcript of COR ESEA R~tCyt-l - CSIROpedia