Constellation Names and Abbreviations

Appendix 1

Constellation Namesand Abbreviations

The following table gives the standard International Astronomical Union (IAU) three-letterabbreviations for the 88 officially recognized constellations, together with both their fullnames and genitive (possessive) cases, and order of size in terms of number of square degrees.Those in bold type are represented in the double star lists in Chapter 7 and Appendix 3.

91

Appen

dic

es

Table A1. Constellation Names and Abbreviations

Abbrev. Name Genitive Size

And Andromeda Andromedae 19Ant Antlia Antliae 62Aps Apus Apodis 67Aqr Aquarius Aquarii 10Aql Aquila Aquilae 22Ara Ara Arae 63Ari Aries Arietis 39Aur Auriga Aurigae 21Boo Bootes Bootis 13Cae Caelum Caeli 81Cam Camelopardalis Camelopardalis 18Cnc Cancer Cancri 31CVn Canes Venatici Canum Venaticorum 38CMa Canis Major Canis Majoris 43CMi Canis Minor Canis Minoris 71Cap Capricornus Capricorni 40Car Carina Carinae 34Cas Cassiopeia Cassiopeiae 25Cen Centaurus Centauri 9Cep Cepheus Cephei 27Cet Cetus Ceti 4Cha Chamaeleon Chamaeleontis 79Cir Circinus Circini 85Col Columba Columbae 54Com Coma Berenices Comae Berenices 42CrA Corona Australis Coronae Australis 80CrB Corona Borealis Coronae Borealis 73Crv Corvus Corvi 70Crt Crater Crateris 53Cru Crux Crucis 88

09DMS_APP1(91-93).qxd 16/02/05 12:50 AM Page 91

92

Appen

dic

es

Table A1. Constellation Names and Abbreviations (continued)


Cyg Cygnus Cygni 16Del Delphinus Delphini 69Dor Dorado Doradus 7Dra Draco Draconis 8Equ Equuleus Equulei 87Eri Eridanus Eridani 6For Fornax Fornacis 41Gem Gemini Geminorum 30Gru Grus Gruis 45Her Hercules Herculis 5Hor Horologium Horologii 58Hya Hydra Hydrae 1Hyi Hydrus Hydri 61Ind Indus Indi 49Lac Lacerta Lacertae 68Leo Leo Leonis 12LMi Leo Minor Leonis Minoris 64Lep Lepus Leporis 51Lib Libra Librae 29Lup Lupus Lupi 46Lyn Lynx Lyncis 28Lyr Lyra Lyrae 52Men Mensa Mensae 75Mic Microscopium Microscopii 66Mon Monoceros Monocerotis 35Mus Musca Muscae 77Nor Norma Normae 74Oct Octans Octantis 50Oph Ophiuchus Ophiuchi 11Ori Orion Orionis 26Pav Pavo Pavonis 44Peg Pegasus Pegasi 7Per Perseus Persei 24Phe Phoenix Phoenicis 37Pic Pictor Pictoris 59Psc Pisces Piscium 14PsA Piscis Austrinus Piscis Austrini 60Pup Puppis Puppis 20Pyx Pyxis Pyxidis 65Ret Reticulum Reticuli 82Sge Sagitta Sagittae 86Sgr Sagittarius Sagittarii 15Sco Scorpius Scorpii 33Scl Sculptor Sculptoris 36Sct Scutum Scuti 84Ser Serpens Serpentis 23Sex Sextans Sextantis 47Tau Taurus Tauri 17Tel Telescopium Telescopii 57Tri Triangulum Trianguli 78TrA Triangulum Australe Trianguli Australis 83


93

Appen

dic

es

Table A1. Constellation Names and Abbreviations (continued)


Tuc Tucana Tucanae 48UMa Ursa Major Ursae Majoris 3UMi Ursa Minor Ursae Minoris 56Vel Vela Velorum 32Vir Virgo Virginis 2Vol Volans Volantis 76Vul Vulpecula Vulpeculae 55


94

Appen

dic

esAppendix 2

Double StarDesignations

Presented here is an alphabetical listing of all known double and multiple star designations,dating from the earliest reported discoveries in the mid-1600s up to the present time. Bylong-standing tradition, a double star is “named” for the person who either discovers it orfirst makes measures of it, the name itself usually being abbreviated or denoted by a symbolfollowed by a running serial number from that observer’s list, catalog or observatory wherehe worked.

The great Index Catalogue of Visual Double Stars (or IDS), originally compiled at the LickObservatory in 1963, contained essentially all previous discovery catalogues. It eventuallybecame the basis for the Washington Double Star Catalog (or WDS), which is maintained atthe United States Naval Observatory and is now the world’s standard such reference.(Chapter 5 contains more about it, including how to access it on-line.) The one-, two- andthree-letter codes below are those used in these two works. Bold entries are ones containingmany of those pairs of particular interest to amateur astronomers and within range of theirinstruments.

Table A2. Codes for Star Designations

Designation IDS/WDS Code Discoverer or Observatory

A A R.G. AitkenAbt ABT Giorgio AbettiAbH ABH H.A. AbtAC AC Alvan ClarkAG AG Astronomische Gesellschaft KatalogAGC AGC Alvan G. ClarkAlbO ALB Albany ObservatoryAld ALD H.L. AldenAlgO ALG Algiers ObservatoryAli ALI A. AliAll ALL R.M. AllerAnj ANJ J.A. AndersonAra ARA S. AravamudanArd ARD S. ArendArg ARG F.W.A. ArgelanderArn ARN Dave ArnoldAry ARY Robert Argyle

B B W.H. van den BosBal BAL R. Baillaud


95

Appen

dic

es

Table A2. Codes for Star Designations (continued)


Bar BAR E.E. BarnardBaz BAZ Paul BaizeBond BDW W.C. BondBem BEM A. BemporadBes BES F.W. BesselBgh BGH S. van den BergBha BHA T.P. BhaskavanBig BIG G. BigourdanBird BRD F. BirdBll BLL R.S. BallBlo BLO M. BlochBoo BOO S. BoothroydBot BOT G. von BottgerBra BRA M. BrashearBrt BRT S.G. BartonBrsO BSO Brisbane ObservatoryBtz BTZ E. Bernewitz� BU S.W. Burnham�pm BUP S.W. Burnham’s proper motion catalogue

Che CHE P.S. ChevalierChr CHR Center for High Resolution AstronomyCog COG W.A. CogshallCom COM G.C. ComstockCorO COO Cordoba ObservatoryCou COU Paul CouteauCPD CPD Cape Photographic DurchmusterungCapO CPO Cape ObservatoryCru CRU L. CrulsCtt CTT Jean-Francois CourtotCamU CUA Cambridge University

Dem D Ercole DembowskiDa DA W.R. DawesDal DAL J.A. DaleyDan DAN Andre Danjon� DAW B.H. DawsonDrbO DEO Dearborn ObservatoryDeu DEU A.J. DeutschDick DIC J. DickDju DJU P. DjurkovicDob DOB W.A DoberckDoc DOC D.J. DocoboDom DOM Jean DommangetDon DON H.F. DonnerDoo DOO Eric DoolittleDorO DOR Dorpat Observatory� DUN J. DunlopDur DUR M.V. DuruyDyer DYR E.R. Dyer, Jr.


96

Appen

dic

es



Edd EDD Arthur Stanley EddingtonEdg EDG D.W. EdgecombEgg EGG O.J. EggenElt ELT G.A. ElliottEnc ENC J.F. EnckeEng ENG R. EngelmannEs ES T.E.H. Espin

Fab FAB C. Fabricius� FIN W.S. FinsenFla FLA Camille FlammarionFle FLE J.O. FleckensteinFor FOR L. ForgeronFox FOX Philip FoxFra FRA R. FrangettoFrh FRH R. FuruhjelmFrk FRK W.S. FranksFrz FRZ J. FranzFur FUR H. Furner

Gallo GAL J. GalloGAn GAN G. AndersonGat GAT G.GatewoodGee GEE W.T GeertsenGic GIC Henry GiclasGir GIR P.M. GirardGale GLE W.F. GaleGli GLI J.M. GillissGlp GLP S. de GlasenappGol GOL H. GoldschmidtGrb GRB Steven GroombridgeGrnO GRO Greenwich ObservatoryGsh GSH J. GlaisherGtb GTB K. GottliebGui GUI J. GuillaumeGyl GYL A.N. GoyalGsh GSH J. Glaisher

H H William Herschel (1782–1784 catalogues)HI H “–difficultHII H “–close but measurableHIII H “–5 to 15 arc seconds separationHIV H “–15 to 30 arc seconds separationHV H “–30 to 60 arc seconds separationHVI H “–60 to 120 arc seconds separationHN H William Herschel (1821 catalogue)Hcw HCW H.C. WilsonHvdO HDO Harvard ObservatoryHDS HDS Hipparcos Double StarHvdC HDZ Harvard Observatory zone catalogueshei HEI Wulff Heintz


97

Appen

dic

es



Hill HIL L. HillHipC HIP Hipparcos Catalogue 1997h HJ John HerschelHall HL Asaph HallHld HLD E.S. HoldenHlm HLM E. HolmesHln HLN Frank HoldenHo HO G.W. HoughHrg HRG L. HargraveHrl HRL G. HarlanHrs HRS D.L. HarrisHrt HRT W.I. HartkopfHtg HTG C.S. HastingsHu HU W.J. HusseyHowe HWE H.A. HoweHzg HZG E. HertzsprungHooke – Robert HookeHuygens – Christiaan HuygensHynek – J. Allen Hynek

I I R.T.A. Innes

J J Robert JonckheereJc JC W.S. JacobJck JCK John JacksonJef JEF H.M. JeffersJoy JOY Alfred JoyJsp JSP M.K. Jessup

Kam KAM Peter van de KampKlk KLK P.G. KulikovskyKnt KNT G. KnottKop KOP Z. KopalKr KR A. KrugerKron KRO G. KronKru KRU E.C. KrugerKu KU F. KustnerKui KUI Gerard Kuiper

L L Thomas LewisLac LAC G.B. LacchiniLal LAL F. de LalandeLam LAM J. von LamontLar LAR J. LarinkLau LAU H.E. LauLaw LAW G.K. LawtonLbz LBZ P. LabitzkeLcl LCL N.L. de LacailleLDS LDS W.J. Luyten (1st proper motion catalogue)Lee LEE O.J. LeeLeo LEO Frederick LeonardLem LEM Lembang Observatory


98

Appen

dic

es



Ling LIN J.F. LingLip LIP Sarah Lee LippincottLicO LO Lick ObservatoryLob LOB D.C. LobaoLplO LPO La Plata ObservatoryLPM LPM W.J. Luyten (2nd proper motion catalogue)Lsl LSL William LassellLyot LT B. LyotLuy LUY W.J. LuytenLv LV F.P. Leavenworth

Maa MAA A. van MaanenMa MA J.H. MadlerMadO MDO Madras ObservatoryMau MAU E.W. MaunderMca MCA Harold McAlisterMic MIC A.A. MichelsonMil MIL J.A. MillerMkt MKT Mark III InterferometerMla MLA Dean McLaughlinMlb MLB W. MilburnMlf MLF Frank MullerMll MLL S.A. MitchellMlbO MLO Melbourne ObservatoryMlr MLR Paul MullerMrz MRZ William MarkowitzMsn MSN Brian MasonMtl MTL O.M. Mitchell

NeS NES Simon NewcombNic NIC Seth NicklesonNwzO NZO New Zealand Observatory

Ol OL C.P. OlivierOpik OPI E.J. OpikOst OST P.T. Oosterhoff

Par PAR J.A. ParkhurstPer PER J. PerrotinPhl PHL T.E. PhillipsPic PIC W.H. PickeringPit PIT Colin PitherPulO PKO Pulkovo ObservatoryPlq PLQ E. PaloquePnk PNK Dale PenkalaPol POL J.A. PollockPop POP G.M. PopovicPou POU M.A. PourteauPrn PRN C.D. PerrinePerO PRO Perth ObservatoryPry PRY J.J.M. PerryPrz PRZ E. Przbyllok


99

Appen

dic

es



Ptt PTT Edison PettitPz PZ Giuseppi Piazzi

R R H.C. RussellRei REI Karl ReinmuthRhd RHD Jean RichaudRmk RMK C.L.C. RumkerRoe ROE E.D. RoeRss RSS J.M. RousseauRst RST R.A. RossiterRus RUS Henry Norris Russell

S S James SouthSan SAN Roscoe SanfordSbk SBK G.M. SeabrokeSca SCA Marco ScardiaScj SCJ H.C.F.C. SchjellerupSct SCT J.L. ScottSe SE A. SecchiSee SEE T.J.J. SeeSei SEI J. ScheinerShb SHB J.M. SchaeberleSh SHJ J. South & J. Herschel joint catalogueSle SLE G. SoulieSlo SLO F. SlocumSlr SLR R.P. SellorsSma SMA W.M. SmartSml SMK Paul SchmidtkeSmy SMY William Henry SmythSod SOD S. SoderhjelmSp SP Giovanni SchiaparelliSprO SPR Sproul ObservatorySt ST Carl Stearns� STF Wilhelm Struve – Dorpat Obs. catalogue� STF Wilhelm Struve – 1st supplement� STF Wilhelm Struve – 2nd supplementG� STG G. StruveH� STH Hermann StruveSti STI John SteinStm STM Mark StaufferStn STN Ormond StoneStr STR K.A. StrandO� STT Otto Struve – Pulkovo Obs. catalogueO�� STT O. Struve – Pulkovo Obs. cat. supplementStu STU K. SturdySwi SWI Lewis SwiftSydO SYO Sydney Observatory

Tar TAR K.J. TarrantTay TAY P.H. TaylorTDS TDS Tycho Double StarTea TEA E.T.H. Teague

10DMS_APP2(94-100).qxd 16/02/05 12:51 AM 9

100

Appen

dic

es



Tgy TGY Ronald Charles TanguayThk THK Ronald ThorkildsonTob TOB Tofol TobalTp TP N. TapiaTru TRU R.J. TrumplerTuc TUC Richard TuckerTycC TYC Tycho-2 Catalogue 2000

vab VAB G.B. van AlbadaVatO VAT Vatican ObservatoryVBs VBS George van BiesbroeckVou VOU J.G.E.G. VouteVanO VVO Van Vleck Observatory

Wak WAK R.L. WalkerWard WAR I.W. WardWar WAR O.C.R. WarrenWat WAT R. WaterworthWDF WDF Washington Fundamental Cat. (transits)Webb WEB T.W. WebbWei WEI M. WeisseWey WEY C. WeymouthWest WJD J.D. WestWFC WFC Washington Fundamental Cat. (astrographs)Wg WG R.W. WrigleyWhc WHC H.C. WilsonWolf WLF Max WolfWnc WNC F.A. WinneckeWshO WNO U.S. Naval ObservatoryWor WOR Charles WorleyWre WRE R.E. WilsonWrh WRH R.H. Wilson, Jr.Ws WS J.M. WilsonWSI WSI Washington Speckle InterferometryWz WZ Carl Wirtz

Y Y Yale (Observatory) CatalogueYng YNG C.A. YoungYou YOU S.P. YoungYR YR Yale-Rochester (observatories)YSJ YSJ Yale-San Juan (observatories)

Zag ZAG F. ZagerZin ZIN E. ZinnerZul ZUL D.J. Zulevic

NOTE: Another double star designation that is often seen in catalogues and observing listsis “ADS” – which stands for “Aitken Double Star” – followed by the running number in R.G. Aitken’s great New General Catalogue of Double Stars Within 120° of the North Pole,compiled at the Lick Observatory in 1932. This monumental work was the predecessor tothe Index Catalogue of Visual Double Stars (IDS) and included many discoveries by otherobservers in addition to his own (which carry the symbol “A” given above).

10DMS_APP2(94-100).qxd 16/02/05 12:51 AM 0

Appendix 3

Double and MultipleStar Working List

Presented here is an extended table of 400 double and multiple star systems intended forthose who desire to see more of these starry jewels after viewing the hundred showpiecesprovided in Chapter 7, or who wish to pursue some of the projects suggested in Chapter 6,such as revising Dawes’ Limit or making micrometer measures of binaries. This working listis arranged by Right Ascension rather than by constellation as in the showpiece roster. A fewentries from that compilation will be found repeated here if one of their components hap-pens to be a close binary of interest. A wide range of objects is offered, from naked-eye/binocular pairs to those requiring a 14-inch telescope and excellent seeing. Three objects ofspecial interest lying below our –45-degree Declination limit are included.

Primary data sources for both lists were Sky Catalogue 2000.0 and the Washington DoubleStar Catalog. Right Ascension (RA) in hours and minutes and Declination (Dec) in degreesand minutes are for the current standard Epoch 2000.0. Constellation (Con) abbreviationsare the official three-letter designations adopted by the International Astronomical Union(see the constellation listing in Appendix 1.) Other table headings are the apparent visualmagnitudes (Mags) of the components, their approximate current angular separation (Sep) in arc-seconds and their spectral types (Spec) on either the standard MKK (Morgan-Keenan-Kellman) system or the HD (Henry Draper) system, if available. (For moreinformation on spectral classes see Michael Inglis’s excellent Observer’s Guide to StellarEvolution, Springer-Verlag.) Position angles are not given for a variety of reasons (amongthem the confusion resulting from the common use of star diagonals with refracting andcompound telescopes, producing “inside-out” mirror-images of the sky). Those observersdesiring the latest available position angles, as well as measures of component separations,should consult the U.S. Naval Observatory’s Washington Double Star Catalog on-line athttp://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/

Approximate distance in lightyears (LY) is also given in many cases. Unless an orbitalperiod is indicated, or a pair is noted as being “optical” (meaning it consists of two unrelat-ed stars that happen to lie along the same line of sight), the objects are common propermotion (or CPM) systems – those drifting through space together and, therefore, gravita-tionally-bound. In most (if not all) cases such pairs are actually very slowly orbiting eachother, but in periods measured in thousands of years. Finally, this listing extends down to –45 degrees Declination, covering that three-fourths of the entire heavens visible frommid-northern latitudes.

101

Appen

dic

es


102

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

WZ

Cas

00h

01m

+60°

21′

7.6–

10, 8

.758

″N

1, A

Dim

but

stri

king

; red

and

blu

e!

�30

53 C

as00

h03

m+6

6°06

′5.

9, 7

.315

″G

0, A

2Be

autif

ul o

rang

e an

d bl

ue p

air.

�2

Cep

00h

09m

+79°

43′

6.6,

6.9

0.8″

A7I

VTi

ght 3

00-y

r. bi

nary

.

�-1

Scl

00h

09m

–27°

59′

6.1,

6.2

1.4″

F2, F

2Sl

ow (v

ery

long

per

iod)

bin

ary.

34 P

sc00

h10

m+1

1°09

′5.

4, 9

.48″

B8C

lose

, une

qual

pai

r.

O�

2 A

nd00

h13

m+2

6°59

′6.

7, 7

.50.

5″G

0III,

F2I

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 69

5 yr

s.

35 P

sc00

h15

m+0

8°49

′6.

0, 7

.612

″FO

IV, A

7Fi

xed

(no

orbi

tal m

otio

n).

�13

Cep

00h

16m

+76°

57′

7.0,

7.3

0.9″

B8V

Slow

160

0-yr

. bin

ary.

�24

And

00h

18m

+26°

08′

7.6,

8.4

5″A

2N

eat l

ittle

pai

r.

�C

as00

h32

m+5

4°31

′5.

5, 5

.80.

6″B8

VTi

ght b

inar

y –

perio

d 64

0 yr

s.

�A

nd00

h37

m+3

3°43

′4.

4, 8

.636

″B3

Wid

e, u

nequ

al d

oubl

e.

�39

5 C

et00

h37

m–2

4°46

′6.

3, 6

.40.

7″G

5VFa

st bi

nary

– p

erio

d 25

yrs

!

�C

as00

h40

m+5

6°32

′2.

2, 8

.964

″K0

Mag

. con

trast

pair

– op

tical

.

55 P

sc00

h40

m+2

1°26

′5.

4, 8

.76″

K0I,

F3V

Fixe

d, o

rang

e an

d bl

ue p

air.

HN

122

Cas

00h

46m

+74°

59′

5.7–

6.1,

9.4

36″

A2

Opt

ical

. Prim

ary

= YZ

Cas

.

h339

5 Ph

e00

h46

m–4

1°55

′8.

4, 8

.96″

K0Fa

int r

eddi

sh n

ear-t

win

s.

65 P

sc00

h50

m+2

7°43

′6.

3, 6

.34″

F4III

, F5I

IIId

entic

al tw

in y

ello

wis

h du

o.

36 A

nd00

h55

m+2

3°38

′6.

0, 6

.40.

9″K1

IVBi

nary

– p

erio

d 16

5 yr

s.

66 P

sc00

h55

m+1

9°11

′6.

2, 6

.90.

5″A

1VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 36

0 yr

s.

26 C

et01

h04

m+0

1°22

′6.

2, 8

.616

″F0

Subt

le c

olor

con

trast.

77 P

sc01

h06

m+0

4°55

′6.

8, 7

.633

″F2

, F2

Nea

t roo

my

pair.

�Ph

e01

h06

m–4

6°43

′4.

0, 4

.31.

4″G

8III

Brig

ht ti

ght p

air,

slow

bin

ary.

103

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

�A

nd01

h10

m+4

7°15

′4.

6, 5

.50.

5″B7

VVe

ry c

lose

370

-yr.

bina

ry.

�A

nd01

h10

m+3

5°37

′2.

1, 1

1.8

80″

MG

alax

y N

GC

404

in fi

eld.

�C

as01

h20

m+5

8°14

′5.

1, 7

.813

4″F5

, B5

In c

luste

r N

GC

457

.

42 C

et01

h20

m–0

0°31

′6.

5, 6

.82″

A7V

Slow

bin

ary.

C

as01

h26

m+6

8°08

′4.

7, 9

.6, 9

.725

″, 3

″K0

Del

icat

e tri

ple

– B-

C fi

xed.

Sc

l01

h36

m–2

9°54

′6.

0, 7

.12.

3″F4

Bina

ry –

per

iod

1900

yrs

.

�Sc

l01

h46

m–2

5°03

′5.

4, 8

.65″

F0Bi

nary

– p

erio

d 12

00 y

rs.

1 A

ri01

h50

m+2

2°17

′6.

2, 7

.43″

K1III

, A6V

Slow

bin

ary.

�C

et01

h50

m–1

0°41

′4.

9, 6

.918

4″F3

III, G

0W

ide,

brig

ht e

asy

pair.

�16

3 C

as01

h51

m+6

4°51

′6.

8, 8

.835

″K5

Pret

ty o

rang

e an

d bl

ue p

air.

C

et01

h52

m–1

0°20

′3.

7, 9

.918

7″K0

, K0

Wid

e or

ange

mag

. con

traste

r.

�18

6 C

et01

h56

m+0

1°51

′6.

8, 6

.81.

1″F9

VId

entic

al-tw

in 1

70-y

r. bi

nary

.

48 C

as02

h02

m+7

0°54

′4.

7, 6

.40.

9″A

3IV

Bina

ry –

per

iod

60 y

rs.

�-2

And

02h

04m

+42°

20′

5.5,

6.3

0.4″

B9V,

A0V

Blue

and

gre

en, 6

1-yr

. bin

ary.

10 A

ri02

h04

m+2

5°56

′5.

9, 7

.31.

3″F8

IVBi

nary

– p

erio

d 30

9 yr

s.

59 A

nd02

h11

m+3

9°02

′6.

1, 6

.817

″A

0, A

2N

eat fi

xed

blui

sh-w

hite

pai

r.

66 C

et02

h13

m–0

2°24

′5.

7, 7

.516

″F8

VSl

ow b

inar

y, y

ello

w a

nd b

lue.

�23

9 Tr

i02

h17

m+2

8°45

′7.

0, 8

.014

″F5

Nea

t sliv

ery-

whi

te p

air.

�Fo

r02

h34

m–2

8°14

′5.

0, 7

.711

″B9

VSl

ow b

inar

y.

15 T

ri02

h36

m+3

4°41

′5.

7, 6

.914

0″M

, A5

Wid

e co

lor

cont

raste

r.

30 A

ri02

h37

m+2

4°39

′6.

6, 7

.439

″F5

V, F

6III

Easy

wid

e ye

llow

ish

pair.

O�

44 P

er02

h42

m+4

2°47

′8.

4, 9

.11.

4″B9

In c

luste

r M

34.

104

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

h112

3 Pe

r02

h42

m+4

2°47

′8.

0, 8

.0

20″

A0,

A0

In c

luste

r M

34.

�Pe

r02

h44

m+4

9°14

′4.

1, 9

.920

″F7

V, M

1VU

nequ

al, w

ide

slow

bin

ary.

�30

5 A

ri02

h48

m+1

9°22

′7.

4, 8

.24″

F9V

Bina

ry –

per

iod

720

yrs.

�A

ri02

h49

m+1

7°28

′5.

2, 8

.7, 1

0.8

3″, 2

5″B6

VC

halle

ngin

g tri

ple.

�A

ri02

h59

m+2

1°20

′5.

2, 5

.51.

4″A

2V, A

2VC

lose

, mat

ched

slo

w b

inar

y.

�33

1 Pe

r03

h01

m+5

2°21

′5.

3, 6

.712

″B5

Nic

e ea

sy d

oubl

e.

�+9

3 C

et03

h02

m+0

4°05

′2.

5, 5

.696

0″M

2III,

B7I

IIU

ltra-

wid

e re

d an

d bl

ue d

uo.

�Fo

r03

h12

m–2

8°59

′4.

0, 7

.05″

F7IV

, G7V

Bina

ry –

per

iod

314

yrs.

95 C

et03

h18

m–0

0°56

′5.

6, 7

.51.

0″K1

IV, G

8VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 21

7 yr

s.

-4

Eri

03h

20m

–21°

45′

3.7,

9.2

6″M

2Ti

ght m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

7 Ta

u03

h34

m+2

4°28

′6.

6, 6

.70.

7″A

3VC

lose

568

-yr.

bina

ry.

�40

0 A

nd03

h35

m+6

0°02

′6.

8, 7

.61.

6″F4

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 28

8 yr

s.

�42

2 Ta

u03

h37

m+0

0°35

′5.

9, 8

.87″

G9V

, K6V

With

10

Tau

in fi

eld.

�Ta

u03

h48

m+2

4°06

′2.

9, 8

.011

7″B5

, A0

Strik

ing,

del

icat

e qu

adru

ple

8.0,

8.6

180″

, 190

″A

0, G

0sy

stem

in P

leia

des

Clu

ster.

30 T

au03

h48

m+1

1°09

′5.

1, 1

0.1

9″B3

Toug

h m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

f Eri

03h

49m

–37°

37′

4.8,

5.3

8″B8

, A0

Love

ly b

right

dou

ble.

Pe

r03

h54

m+3

1°53

′2.

9, 9

.5, 9

.513

″, 4

″B1

IFi

xed.

Oth

er s

tars

clo

se b

y.

O�

67 C

am03

h57

m+6

1°07

′5.

3, 8

.51.

9″K3

IIFi

xed,

gol

d an

d gr

een

pair.

�Pe

r03

h58

m+4

0°01

′2.

9, 7

.69″

B0V,

A2V

Like

Pe

r. Fi

xed.

�48

4 C

am04

h07

m+6

2°23

′10

, 10,

10

5″, 2

3″—

In o

pen

clus

ter

NG

C 1

502.

�48

5 C

am04

h08

m+6

2°20

′7.

0, 7

.1, 9

.818

″, 7

0″B0

In o

pen

clus

ter

NG

C 1

502.

�46

0 C

ep04

h10

m+8

0°42

′5.

5, 6

.30.

6″G

8III,

A6V

Bina

ry –

per

iod

415

yrs.

105

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

39 E

ri04

h14

m–1

0°15

′5.

0. 8

.06″

K3III

Dis

tant

9.5

-mag

. sta

r.

�Ta

u04

h20

m+2

7°21

′5.

0, 8

.452

″K0

Wid

e op

tical

pai

r.

�87

Tau

04h

22m

+20°

49′

6.0,

9.1

1.9″

M0,

A0

Clo

se, d

im r

ed a

nd b

lue

duo.

�Ta

u04

h23

m+2

5°38

′5.

5, 7

.619

″B9

Fixe

d pa

ir.

�55

2 Pe

r04

h31

m+4

0°01

′7.

0, 7

.29″

B8N

eat m

atch

ed c

ombo

.

81 T

au04

h31

m+1

5°42

′5.

5, 9

.416

2″A

5, K

0W

ide

colo

r/m

ag. c

ontra

ster.

1 C

am04

h32

m+5

3°55

′5.

7, 6

.810

″B0

IIIA

ttrac

tive

but n

egle

cted

pai

r.

57 P

er04

h33

m+4

3°04

′6.

1, 6

.811

6″F0

, F0

Nic

e w

ide

mat

ched

duo

.

�Ta

u04

h36

m+1

6°31

′0.

8–1.

0, 1

112

2″K5

IIIRa

dian

t Ald

ebar

an!

Opt

ical

.

53 E

ri04

h38

m–1

4°18

′4.

0, 7

.00.

7″K0

Tigh

t brig

ht p

air

– cl

osin

g.

2 C

am04

h40

m+5

3°28

′5.

6, 7

.30.

7″F5

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 42

5 yr

s.

55 E

ri04

h44

m–0

8°48

′6.

7, 6

.89″

G8I

II, F

4III

Pret

ty m

atch

ed tw

ins.

�-1

/2 T

au04

h39

m+1

5°55

′4.

7, 5

.143

0″A

3, A

2W

ide

pair

in H

yade

s cl

uste

r.

�A

ur04

h59

m+3

7°53

′5.

0, 8

.05″

A0

Slow

, tig

ht b

inar

y.

�31

4 Le

p04

h59

m–1

6°23

′5.

9, 7

.30.

9″F3

V, F

9VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 55

yrs

.

�62

7 O

ri05

h01

m+0

3°37

′6.

6, 7

.0

21″

A0,

A0

Nea

t nea

rly m

atch

ed d

uo.

�C

am05

h03

m+6

0°27

′4.

0, 8

.681

″G

0, A

5Ro

omy

mag

. con

trast

pair.

�C

ae05

h04

m–3

5°29

′4.

6, 8

.13″

K0Ti

ght m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

11/1

2 C

am05

h06

m+5

8°58

′5.

2, 6

.117

9″B2

V, K

0III

Wid

e, s

triki

ng c

olor

con

trast.

14 O

ri05

h08

m+0

8°30

′5.

8, 6

.50.

8″A

0Bi

nary

– p

erio

d 20

0 yr

s.

�64

4 A

ur05

h10

m+3

7°18

′6.

7, 7

.01.

6″B2

II, K

3Lo

vely

tigh

t col

or c

ontra

ster.

�O

ri05

h13

m+0

2°52

′4.

5, 8

.37″

K0Fi

xed

tight

mag

. con

trast

duo.

106

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

�Le

p05

h13

m–1

2°56

′4.

5, 7

.42.

6″B8

Tigh

t mag

. con

trast

pair.

14 A

ur05

h15

m+3

2°41

′5.

1, 7

.4–7

.915

″A

9IV,

A2

Nea

t pai

r w

ith v

ar. c

omp.

S476

Lep

05h

19m

–18°

31′

6.2,

6.4

39″

B8, B

8M

atch

ed b

luis

h pa

ir.

h375

0 Le

p05

h20

m–2

1°14

′4.

7, 8

.54″

A0

Pret

ty m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�68

1 A

ur05

h21

m+4

6°58

′6.

7, 8

.723

″F0

In w

ide

field

with

Cap

ella

.

22 O

ri05

h22

m–0

0°23

′4.

7, 5

.724

2″B2

IV, B

3VVe

ry w

ide

blue

-whi

te c

ombo

.

41 L

ep05

h22

m–2

4°46

′5.

4, 6

.6, 9

.13″

, 62″

G0,

A3,

K0

Une

qual

tint

ed tr

iple

.

23 O

ri05

h23

m+0

3°33

′5.

0, 7

.132

″O

9II,

B2V

Nic

e bl

ue-w

hite

, eas

y pa

ir.

�69

8 A

ur05

h25

m+3

4°51

′6.

6, 8

.731

″K0

, KA

ttrac

tive

oran

ge c

ombo

.

�Le

p05

h28

m–2

0°46

′2.

8, 7

.32.

5″G

0Br

ight

clo

se, u

nequ

al d

oubl

e.

118

Tau

05h

29m

+25°

09′

5.8,

6.6

5″B8

V, A

1VN

eat s

nug,

blu

e-w

hite

pai

r.

32 O

ri05

h31

m+0

5°57

′4.

5, 5

.8

1.1″

B5IV

Brig

ht, c

lose

585

-yr.

bina

ry

33 O

ri05

h31

m+0

3°18

′5.

8, 7

.11.

8″B3

Snug

une

qual

pai

r.

�Le

p05

h33

m–1

7°49

′2.

6, 1

1, 1

236

″, 9

1″F0

Wid

e, d

im d

elic

ate

tripl

e.

�75

0 O

ri05

h35

m–0

4°22

′6.

5, 8

.54″

B5In

clu

ster

NG

C 1

981.

�74

3 O

ri05

h35

m–0

4°24

′8.

3, 9

.42″

B8In

clu

ster

NG

C 1

981.

�-2

Ori

05h

35m

–05°

25′

5.2,

6.6

52″

O9V

, B7I

VW

ide

pair

in O

rion

Neb

ula.

�73

7 A

ur05

h36

m+3

4°08

′8.

5, 9

.011

″B

In o

pen

clus

ter

M36

.

�74

2 Ta

u05

h36

m+2

2°00

′7.

2, 7

.84″

F8N

eat d

uo n

ear

Cra

b N

ebul

a.

26 A

ur05

h39

m+3

0°30

′6.

0, 8

.012

″A

2Ye

llow

and

blu

e co

mbo

.

�O

ri A

B05

h39

m–0

2°36

′4.

0, 6

.00.

2″B0

Ultr

a-tig

ht 1

70-y

r. bi

nary

.

h378

0 Le

p05

h39

m–1

7°51

′7.

5, 8

.5, 8

.489

″, 7

6″B9

Oth

er s

tars

= c

l. N

GC

201

7.

107

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

52 O

ri05

h48

m+0

6°27

′5.

3, 5

.31.

2″A

3Pe

rfect

twin

s –

in c

onta

ct!

�O

ri05

h55

m+0

7°24

′0.

4–1.

3, 1

0.6

174″

M1I

-M2I

Radi

ant B

etel

geus

e! O

ptic

al.

�85

5 O

ri06

h09

m+0

2°30

′6.

0, 7

.029

″A

0Pl

us 9

th-m

ag. a

t 118

″.

41 A

ur06

h12

m+4

8°43

′6.

3, 7

.08″

A0,

A0

Nea

t slo

w, w

hite

bin

ary.

�G

em06

h15

m+2

2°30

′3.

3–3.

9, 8

.81.

6″M

3III

Cha

lleng

ing

474-

yr. b

inar

y.

�87

2 A

ur06

h16

m+3

6°09

′6.

9, 7

.911

″F0

Nic

e co

lor

cont

rast.

C

Ma

06h

20m

–30°

04′

3.0,

7.6

176″

B8, K

0Br

ight

, wid

e tin

ted

duo.

10 M

on06

h28

m–0

4°46

′5.

1, 9

.3, 9

.377

″, 8

1″B3

Trip

le in

clu

ster

NG

C 2

232.

�G

em06

h29

m+2

0°13

′4.

2, 8

.711

2″B5

Wid

e un

equa

l pai

r.

20 G

em06

h32

m+1

7°47

′6.

3, 6

.920

″F8

IIIYe

llow

and

blu

e fix

ed p

air.

�75

5 C

ol06

h35

m–3

6°47

′6.

0, 6

.81.

3″B9

Snug

mat

ched

dou

ble.

�93

9 M

on06

h36

m+0

5°18

′8.

3, 9

.6, 9

.730

″, 4

0″B5

, B8

Dim

, nea

rly e

quila

tera

l trip

le.

�-1

CM

a06

h36

m–1

8°40

′5.

8, 8

.518

″G

5, G

0Fi

xed

mag

. con

trast

pair.

15/S

Mon

06h

41m

+09°

53′

3.9,

7.4

, 7.7

3″, 1

56″

O5

In o

pen

clus

ter

NG

C 2

264.

14 L

yn06

h53

m+5

9°27

′5.

6, 6

.80.

4″G

0I, A

2C

lose

480

-yr.

bina

ry.

38 G

em06

h55

m+1

3°11

′4.

7, 7

.77″

F0V,

G4V

Slow

bin

ary

– co

lor

cont

rast.

�C

Ma

06h

56m

–14°

03′

5.3,

8.6

3″G

5Ti

ght o

rang

e an

d bl

ue –

fixe

d.

15 L

yn06

h57

m+5

9°25

′4.

8, 5

.90.

9″G

0Br

ight

, tig

ht s

low

bin

ary.

�C

Ma

06h

59m

–28°

58′

1.5,

7.8

8″B2

II, B

6A

dhar

a. L

ike

fain

ter

Siriu

s!

�38

Pup

07h

04m

–43°

36′

5.6,

7.2

, 8.1

20″,

185

″G

0, G

0, K

2N

ice

pair

+ w

ide

oran

ge s

tar.

�10

09 L

yn07

h06

m+5

2°45

′6.

9, 7

.04″

A2

Coz

y, m

atch

ed d

uo.

�10

35 G

em07

h12

m+2

2°17

′8.

2, 8

.29″

F5, F

5Pe

rfect

twin

yel

low

ish

pair.

108

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

�Pu

p07

h17

m–3

7°06

′2.

7, 8

.069

″K5

, B9

Wid

e co

lor/

mag

. con

traste

r.

�G

em07

h18

m+1

6°32

′3.

6, 1

0.7

10″

A2

Dim

, del

icat

e m

ag. c

ontra

st.

C

Ma

07h

19m

–24°

57′

4.4,

8.8

85″

O9I

Hea

rt of

clu

ster

NG

C 2

362.

20 L

yn07

h22

m+5

0°09

′7.

3, 7

.415

″F0

, F0

Nic

e m

atch

ed p

air.

19 L

yn07

h23

m+5

5°17

′5.

6, 6

.515

″B8

V, A

0VN

eat d

uo w

ith 8

.9-m

ag. n

ear.

�C

Ma

07h

24m

–29°

18′

2.4,

6.9

179″

B7, A

0Br

ight

wid

e –

colo

r co

ntra

st.

�11

04 P

up07

h29

m–1

5°00

′6.

4, 7

.52″

F7V

Bina

ry –

per

iod

1100

yrs

.

�Pu

p07

h29

m–4

3°18

′3.

3, 9

.422

″M

0, G

5C

olor

/mag

. con

trast

pair.

h397

3 Pu

p07

h32

m–2

0°56

′8.

3, 9

.39″

B8D

im w

hite

and

red

pai

r.

�11

08 G

em07

h33

m+2

2°53

′6.

5, 8

.312

″G

5Ea

sy u

nequ

al d

oubl

e.

n Pu

p07

h34

m–2

3°28

′5.

1, 5

.110

″F4

, F5

Strik

ing

twin

s –

slow

bin

ary.

�11

21 P

up07

h37

m–1

4°30

′7.

9, 7

.97″

B9, B

9Eq

ual p

air

– in

clu

ster

M47

.

�11

26 C

mi

07h

40m

+05°

14′

6.6,

6.9

0.9″

A0

In fi

eld

with

Pro

cyon

.

�G

em07

h44

m+2

4°24

′3.

6, 8

.17″

G8I

IIM

ag. c

ontra

st –

slow

bin

ary.

�G

em07

h45

m+2

8°02

′1.

1, 8

.8, 9

.620

1″, 2

34″

K0III

Pollu

x. O

ther

fain

ter

com

ps.

2 Pu

p07

h46

m–1

4°41

′6.

1, 6

.817

″A

0, A

0N

eat n

early

mat

ched

pai

r.

9 Pu

p07

h52

m–1

3°54

′5.

6, 6

.20.

6″G

1VU

ltra-

clos

e 23

-yr.

bina

ry.

14 C

Mi

07h

58m

+02°

13′

5.4,

8.4

, 9.3

89″,

120

″K0

Wid

e de

licat

e tri

ple.

M

on08

h09

m–0

2°59

′4.

3, 7

.866

″G

2, K

2N

ice

wid

e op

tical

pai

r.

h406

3 Pu

p08

h16

m–3

7°22

′7.

5, 9

.618

″B8

Blue

-whi

te a

nd r

ed p

air.

�12

16 H

ya08

h21

m–0

1°36

′7.

1, 7

.40.

7″A

2VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 43

5 yr

s.

�-2

Cnc

08h

27m

+26°

56′

6.3,

6.3

5″A

6V, A

3VId

entic

al tw

in s

low

bin

ary.

109

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

24 C

nc08

h27

m+2

4°32

′7.

0, 7

.86″

F7V,

GB

unre

solv

ed 2

2-yr

. bin

ary.

�20

5 Py

x08

h33

m–2

4°36

′6.

9, 7

.00.

6″A

8IV

Mat

ched

160

-yr.

bina

ry.

�12

45 C

nc08

h36

m+0

6°37

′6.

0, 7

.210

″F6

, G5

Two

wid

er, f

aint

er c

omps

.

�20

8 Py

x08

h39

m–2

2°40

′5.

3, 6

.71.

1″G

6Bi

nary

– p

erio

d 14

5 yr

s.

S571

Cnc

08h

40m

+19°

33′

6.9,

7.2

, 6.7

45″,

93″

A0,

A0,

K0

Trip

le in

Bee

hive

Clu

ster.

39 C

nc08

h40

m+2

0°00

′6.

5, 6

.515

0″K0

, K0

Wid

e or

ange

pai

r in

Bee

hive

.

�C

nc08

h40

m+1

9°33

′6.

3, 7

.413

5″A

2, A

0A

noth

er w

ide

one

in B

eehi

ve.

�12

54 C

nc08

h40

m+1

9°40

′6.

4, 8

.9

20″

G5,

A0

Wid

e, d

elic

ate

quad

rupl

e sy

stem

in

8.6,

8.9

63″,

83″

—Be

ehiv

e C

luste

r.

Py

x08

h40

m–2

9°34

′4.

9, 9

.152

″G

4, G

0U

nequ

al m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�C

nc08

h43

m+2

1°28

′4.

7, 8

.710

6″A

0W

ide

mag

. con

trast

com

bo.

57 C

nc08

h54

m+3

0°35

′6.

0, 6

.5, 9

.11.

4″, 5

6″G

7III,

K0

Clo

se p

air

both

yel

low

.

17 H

ya08

h56

m–0

7°58

′6.

8, 7

.04″

A3

Nea

t coz

y m

atch

ed d

uo.

10 U

Ma

09h

01m

+41°

47′

4.1,

6.2

0.6″

F5V

Brig

ht, r

apid

22-

yr. b

inar

y.

�-2

UM

a09

h10

m+6

7°08

′4.

8, 8

.2, 9

.34″

, 205

″F7

IVC

lose

pai

r 11

00-y

r. bi

nary

.

�13

21 U

Ma

09h

14m

+52°

41′

7.6,

7.7

17″

M0V

, M0V

Wid

e ru

ddy

975-

yr. b

inar

y.

27 H

ya09

h20

m–0

9°33

′5.

0, 6

.9, 9

.122

9″, 9

″G

5, F

2U

nequ

al tr

iple

.

�13

38 L

yn09

h21

m+3

8°11

′6.

5, 6

.70.

5″F3

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 22

0 yr

s.

�Le

o09

h25

m+2

6°11

′4.

5, 1

0, 1

03″

, 53″

K0C

halle

ngin

g tri

ple.

�Le

o09

h28

m+0

9°03

′5.

9, 6

.50.

6″F9

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 11

8 yr

s.

-1

Hya

09h

29m

–02°

46′

4.9,

7.9

66″

F5W

ide

colo

r co

ntra

st pa

ir.

-1

Ant

09h

31m

–31°

53′

6.2,

7.1

8″A

0Fi

xed

pair.

-2

nea

r.

110

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

Ve

l09

h31

m–4

0°28

′4.

1, 4

.60.

7″F2

IVBr

ight

rap

id 3

4-yr

. bin

ary.

23 U

Ma

09h

32m

+63°

04′

3.7,

8.9

23″

F0Fi

xed

mag

. con

trast

pair.

�13

65 H

YA09

h32

m+0

1°28

′7.

8, 8

.43″

F8Su

bdue

d cl

ose

doub

le.

�U

Ma

09h

52m

+54°

04′

5.3,

5.4

0.3″

A3I

VU

ltra-

tight

106

-yr.

bina

ry.

�Se

x09

h53

m–0

8°06

′5.

6, 6

.10.

6″A

1VRa

pid

bina

ry –

per

iod

76 y

rs.

O�

215

Leo

10h

16m

+17°

44′

7.2,

7.4

1.5″

A9I

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 55

0 yr

s.

+35

Leo

10h

17m

+23°

25′

3.4,

5.9

330″

F0III

, G2I

VW

ide

brig

ht b

inoc

ular

pai

r.

49 L

eo10

h35

m+0

8°39

′5.

8, 8

.52.

4″A

0Lik

e di

m �

Cyg

.

�41

1 H

ya10

h36

m–2

6°40

′6.

7, 7

.51.

4″F6

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 21

0 yr

s.

35 S

ex10

h43

m–0

4°45

′6.

3, 7

.47″

K0G

olde

n-or

ange

and

blu

e-gr

een.

�14

74 H

ya10

h48

m–1

5°16

′6.

7, 7

.8, 6

.870

″, 7

6″A

0, —

, F5

In fi

eld

with

�14

73.

�14

73 H

ya10

h48

m–1

5°37

′7.

7, 8

.631

″F8

In fi

eld

with

�14

74.

�14

95 U

Ma

11h

00m

+58°

54′

7.2,

9.5

34″

K2G

old

and

blue

dou

ble.

�U

Ma

11h

04m

+61°

45′

1.9,

4.8

, 7.0

0.7″

, 378

″K0

III, —

, F8

45-y

r. bi

nary

+ ti

nted

com

bo.

�U

Ma

11h

19m

+33°

06′

3.5,

9.9

7″K0

Fixe

d m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�15

29 L

eo11

h19

m–0

1°39

′7.

0, 8

.010

″F8

Nea

t pai

r w

ith s

ubtle

hue

s.

�Le

o11

h24

m+1

0°32

′4.

0, 6

.71.

8″F2

IV, F

4Bi

nary

– p

erio

d 19

2 yr

s.

Le

o11

h28

m+0

2°51

′5.

1, 8

.091

″K0

, G5

Col

or a

nd m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

57 U

Ma

11h

29m

+39°

20′

5.3,

8.3

5″A

2C

lose

une

qual

slo

w b

inar

y.

O�

235

UM

a11

h32

m+6

1°05

′5.

8, 7

.10.

7″F6

VRa

pid

bina

ry –

per

iod

73 y

rs.

88 L

eo11

h32

m+1

4°22

′6.

4, 8

.415

″G

0Fi

xed

uneq

ual p

air.

I78

Cen

11h

34m

–40°

35′

6.2.

6.2

1.0″

A2

Snug

mat

ched

fixe

d pa

ir.

111

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

90 L

eo11

h35

m+1

6°48

′6.

7, 7

.3, 8

.73″

, 63″

B3U

nequ

al tr

iple

sys

tem

.

�15

61 U

Ma

11h

39m

+45°

076.

3, 8

.4, 8

.59″

, 85″

G0,

— ,

F2A

lso d

ista

nt 9

th-m

ag.

�Le

o11

h49

m+1

4°34

′2.

1, 8

.526

4″A

3V, F

8D

eneb

ola.

5.9

-mag

. in

field

.

�H

ya11

h53

m–3

3°54

′4.

7, 5

.50.

9″B9

Slow

bin

ary

– cl

osin

g.

65 U

Ma

11h

55m

+46°

29′

6.7,

8.3

, 6.5

4″, 6

3″A

0Tr

iple

sys

tem

– li

ke 9

0 Le

o.

C

om12

h04

m+2

1°28

′5.

9, 7

.44″

F0Ti

ght fi

xed

pair.

2 C

vn12

h16

m+4

0°40

′5.

8, 8

.111

″M

1III,

F7V

Gol

den-

oran

ge a

nd b

lue

duo.

�16

27 V

ir12

h18

m–0

3°57

′6.

6, 6

.920

″F0

, F0

Nic

e m

atch

ed d

oubl

e.

�16

33 C

om12

h21

m+2

7°03

′7.

0, 7

.19″

F2Pr

etty

mat

ched

pai

r.*

Wnc

4 U

Ma

12h

22m

+5

8°05

′9.

0, 9

.350

″—

Wid

e di

m p

air

= M

40.

17 V

ir12

h22

m+0

5°18

′6.

6, 9

.420

″F8

Subt

le c

olor

con

trast.

�16

39 C

om12

h24

m+2

5°35

′6.

8, 7

.81.

7″F0

VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 68

0 yr

s.*

17 C

om12

h29

m+2

5°55

′5.

3, 6

.614

5″A

0, A

3*

In C

oma

star

clus

ter.

�16

64 V

ir12

h38

m–1

1°31

′8.

1, 9

.326

″K0

, G5

In S

ombr

ero

Gal

axy

field

.

�16

69 C

rv12

h41

m–1

3°01

′6.

0, 6

.15″

F5V,

F3V

Love

ly m

atch

ed d

oubl

e.

�C

en12

h42

m–4

8°58

′2.

9, 2

.90.

8″A

0III

Brill

iant

tigh

t 84-

yr. b

inar

y.

32/3

3 C

om12

h52

m+1

7°04

′6.

3, 6

.719

5″M

0III,

F8

Wid

e, c

olor

ful b

inoc

ular

duo

.

35 C

om12

h53

m+2

1°14

′5.

1, 7

.2, 9

.11.

2″, 2

9″G

8III,

F6,

—C

lose

pai

r 50

0-yr

. bin

ary.

78 U

Ma

13h

01m

+56°

22′

5.0,

7.4

1.5″

F2V

Nea

t, tig

ht 1

15-y

r. bi

nary

.

17 C

Vn13

h10

m+3

8°30

′6.

0, 6

.284

″F0

, B9

Wid

e m

atch

ed p

air.

�C

om13

h10

m+1

7°32

′5.

0, 5

.10.

4″F6

VC

lose

, rap

id 2

6-yr

. bin

ary.

�Vi

r13

h10

m–0

5°32

′4.

4, 9

.4, 1

0.4

7″, 7

0″A

1VD

elic

ate

fixed

trip

le.

112

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

54 V

ir13

h13

m–1

8°50

′6.

8, 7

.35″

A0

Nea

t coz

y pa

ir.

O�

�12

3 D

ra

13h

27m

+64°

44′

6.7,

7.0

69″

F0, F

0N

ice

mat

ched

wid

e du

o.

�93

2 Vi

r13

h35

m–1

3°13

′6.

5, 6

.90.

4″A

0VVe

ry c

lose

200

-yr.

bina

ry.

25 C

Vn13

h38

m+3

6°18

′5.

0, 6

.91.

8″A

7III

Bina

ry –

per

iod

240

yrs.

1 Bo

o13

h41

m+1

9°57

′5.

8, 8

.75″

A2

Tigh

t mag

. con

trast

pair.

�17

85 B

oo13

h49

m+2

6°59

′7.

6, 8

.03″

N2

Redd

ish

155-

yr. b

inar

y.

4 C

en13

h52

m–3

1°56

′4.

7, 8

.415

″B7

Fixe

d m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

3 C

en13

h52

m–3

3°00

′4.

5, 6

.08″

B5, B

8St

rikin

g br

ight

fixe

d pa

ir.

�Bo

o13

h55

m+1

8°24

′2.

7, 8

.711

2″G

0A

ttrac

tive

wid

e un

equa

l duo

.

�17

88 V

ir13

h55

m–0

8°04

′6.

5, 7

.73.

5″F8

VSl

ow b

inar

y.

�Bo

o14

h16

m+5

1°22

′4.

9, 7

.538

″A

5N

ice

fixed

dou

ble.

�18

35 B

oo14

h23

m+0

8°27

′5.

1, 7

.46″

A0V

, F3V

Nea

t coz

y pa

ir.

-1

Lup

14h

26m

–45°

13′

4.6,

9.3

158″

B3, M

0W

ide

colo

r/m

ag. c

ontra

ster.

�18

38 B

oo14

h24

m+1

1°15

′7.

4, 7

.59″

F5Pr

etty

iden

tical

twin

s.

�Vi

r14

h28

m–0

2°14

′4.

8, 9

.35″

K0C

halle

ngin

g m

ag. c

ontra

ster.

�18

50 B

oo14

h29

m+2

8°17

′7.

0, 7

.426

″A

0, A

0Ea

sy m

atch

ed c

ombo

.

54 H

ya14

h46

m–2

5°27

′5.

1, 7

.19″

F2III

, F9

Nic

e pa

ir w

ith s

ubtle

tint

s.

�18

83 V

ir14

h49

m+0

5°57

′7.

6, 7

.60.

9″F6

VTw

in b

inar

y –

perio

d 22

8 yr

s.

�Lib

14h

49m

–14°

09′

5.8,

6.7

1.8″

A2

Tigh

t slo

w b

inar

y.

39 B

oo14

h50

m+4

8°43

′6.

2, 6

.93″

F6V,

F5V

Slow

bin

ary,

clo

sing

.

�Lib

14h

51m

–16°

02′

2.8,

5.2

230″

A3I

V, F

4IV

Brig

ht b

inoc

ular

dou

ble.

HN

28 L

ib14

h57

m–2

1°25

′5.

7, 8

.023

″K4

V, M

0O

rang

e an

d ru

ddy

com

bo.

113

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

59 H

ya14

h59

m–2

7°39

′6.

3, 6

.60.

3″A

4VU

ltra-

clos

e 34

0-yr

. bin

ary.

44 B

oo15

h04

m+4

7°39

′5.

3, 5

.8–6

.42″

G0V

, G2

Bina

ry –

per

iod

220

yrs.

�Lu

p15

h05

m–4

7°03

′4.

6, 4

.71.

4″B5

, B5

Brig

ht s

low

bin

ary

– op

enin

g.

�Lib

15h

12m

–19°

47′

5.1,

9.4

58″

B9IV

Wid

e m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�Bo

o15

h16

m+3

3°19

′3.

5, 7

.410

5″G

8III,

G0V

Wid

e ye

llow

and

blu

ish

pair.

�19

32 C

rB15

h18

m+2

6°50

′7.

3, 7

.41.

6″G

0VSn

ug m

atch

ed 2

03-y

r. bi

nary

.

5 Se

r15

h19

m+0

1°46

′5.

1, 1

011

″G

0Fi

xed

pair,

nea

r gl

obul

ar M

5.

�C

rB15

h23

m+3

0°17

′5.

6, 5

.91.

0″G

2V, G

2Ra

pid

bina

ry –

per

iod

42 y

rs.

�Lu

p15

h23

m–4

4°41

′3.

7, 5

.2, 8

.80.

6″, 2

6″B3

A-B

like

ly b

inar

y.

�-1

UM

i15

h29

m+8

0°27

′6.

6. 7

.331

″G

5N

eat,

far-n

orth

ern

pair.

�-1/

2 Bo

o15

h31

m+4

0°50

′5.

0, 5

.090

0″K5

III, A

5VBi

noc.

pai

r –

oran

ge a

nd b

lue.

�Lu

p15

h35

m–4

1°10

′3.

5, 3

.60.

7″B3

VBr

ight

, tig

ht 1

47-y

r. bi

nary

.

�19

64 C

rB15

h38

m+3

6°15

′7.

0, 7

.6, 8

.715

″, 1

6″F5

Nea

t equ

ilate

ral t

riang

le.

�19

62 L

ib15

h39

m–0

8°47

′6.

5, 6

.612

″F6

V, F

6VSt

rikin

g, id

entic

al tw

in s

uns.

�C

rB15

h43

m+2

6°18

′4.

1, 5

.50.

7″A

0IV

Clo

se b

inar

y –

perio

d 91

yrs

.

2 Sc

o15

h54

m–2

5°20

′4.

7, 7

.42″

B3Sn

ug u

nequ

al p

air.

�Lu

p15

h57

m–3

3°58

′5.

3, 5

.810

″A

3V, B

9VSt

rikin

g m

atch

ed fi

xed

pair.

�Lu

p16

h00

m–3

8°24

′3.

6, 7

.8, 9

.315

″, 1

15″

B3,—

,F5

Fixe

d un

equa

l trip

le.

�Sc

o A

B16

h04

m–1

1°22

′4.

8, 5

.10.

7″F5

IVRa

pid

bina

ry –

per

iod

46 y

rs.

�-1

/2 S

co16

h07

m–2

0°40

′4.

0, 4

.372

0″B1

V, G

3III

Nak

ed-e

ye/b

inoc

ular

com

bo.

12 S

co16

h12

m–2

8°25

′5.

9, 7

.94″

B9C

ozy

uneq

ual p

air.

�20

21 H

er16

h13

m+1

3°32

′7.

4, 7

.54″

K0Ve

ry s

low

mat

ched

bin

ary.

114

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

�Sc

o16

h21

m–2

5°36

′2.

9, 8

.520

″B1

, B9

Nic

e m

ag. c

ontra

st.

�-1/

2 C

rB16

h22

m+3

3°48

′5.

2, 5

.436

0″M

2III,

K5I

IIW

ide,

col

orfu

l bin

ocul

ar p

air.

�20

54 D

ra16

h24

m+6

1°42

′6.

0, 7

.21.

0″G

5In

fiel

d w

ith �

Dra

.

�D

ra16

h24

m+6

1°31

′2.

7, 8

.75″

G5

Tigh

t une

qual

, slo

w b

inar

y.

�O

ph16

h26

m–2

3°27

′5.

3, 6

.03″

B2IV

, B2V

Slow

bin

ary.

7.0

, 7.9

nea

rby.

�20

52 H

er16

h29

m+1

8°25

′7.

7, 7

.82″

K2V

Snug

236

-yr.

bina

ry.

�O

ph16

h31

m+0

1°59

′4.

2, 5

.31.

5″A

2VN

ice,

coz

y 13

0-yr

. bin

ary.

37 H

er16

h41

m+0

4°13

′5.

8, 7

.070

″A

0, A

0N

eat w

ide

pair.

H

er16

h41

m+3

1°36

′2.

9, 5

.50.

7″F9

IV, G

7VBr

ight

, rap

id 3

4-yr

. bin

ary.

See2

93 S

co16

h54

m–4

1°48

′5.

6, 7

.357

″B0

, B0

In o

pen

clus

ter

NG

C 6

231.

-1/

2 Sc

o16

h54

m–4

2°22

′3.

6, 4

.740

8″K4

III, B

1IBr

ight

, ultr

a-w

ide

and

colo

rful.

�-1

/2 S

co16

h52

m–3

8°03

′3.

0, 3

.634

7″B2

V, B

2IV

Brig

ht, u

ltra-

wid

e bl

uish

duo

.

20 D

ra16

h56

m+6

5°02

′7.

3, 7

.31.

4″F2

VTw

in b

inar

y –

perio

d 58

0 yr

s.

24 O

ph16

h57

m–2

3°09

′6.

2, 6

.50.

8″A

0C

lose

nea

rly-e

qual

pai

r.

�21

20 H

er17

h05

m+2

8°05

′7.

3. 1

0.1

17″

K0D

im ti

nted

opt

ical

pai

r.

�O

ph17

h10

m–1

5°43

′3.

0, 3

.50.

6″A

2VBr

ight

clo

se 8

4-yr

. bin

ary.

Mlb

O4

Sco

17h

19m

–34°

59′

6.1,

7.6

1.8″

K3V

Rapi

d 42

-yr.

bina

ry.

�Se

r17

h21

m–1

2°51

′4.

3, 8

.348

″A

0W

ide

mag

. con

trast

pair.

�21

73 O

ph17

h30

m–0

1°04

′6.

0, 6

.11.

1″G

8IV

Bina

ry –

per

iod

46 y

rs.

�+�

Sco

17h

34m

–37°

06′

1.6,

2.7

2100

″ (3

5′)

B2IV

, B2I

VTh

e St

inge

rs. F

amed

bril

liant

na

ked-

eye/

bino

cula

r co

mbo

.

26 D

ra17

h35

m+6

1°52

′5.

3, 8

.01.

6″G

0VU

nequ

al, c

lose

76-

yr. b

inar

y.

115

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

61 O

ph17

h45

m+0

2°35

′6.

2, 6

.621

″A

1V, A

0VN

eat m

atch

ed w

hite

pai

r.

90 H

er17

h53

m+4

0°00

′5.

2, 8

.51.

6″K0

Slow

bin

ary

– co

lor

cont

rast.

67 O

ph18

h01

m+0

2°56

′4.

0, 8

.654

″B5

Wid

e m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

7/9

Sgr

18h

03m

–24°

17′

5.3,

6.0

900″

F3III

, O5

Wid

e pa

ir in

Lag

oon

Neb

ula.

O

ph18

h03

m–0

8°11

′5.

2, 5

.91.

7″F4

IV, F

3Bi

nary

– p

erio

d 28

0 yr

s.

HN

40 S

gr18

h03

m–2

3°02

′7.

6, 1

0.7,

8.7

6″, 1

1″O

7Tr

iple

in h

eart

of T

rifid

Neb

.

h501

4 C

rA18

h07

m–4

3°25

′5.

7, 5

.70.

8″A

5Bi

nary

– p

erio

d 19

0 yr

s.

�22

89 H

er18

h10

m+1

6°29

′6.

5, 7

.21.

2″B9

V, F

2Ve

ry s

low

bin

ary.

73 O

ph18

h10

m+0

4°00

′6.

1, 7

.00.

6″F2

VTi

ght 2

70-y

r. bi

nary

.

�Sg

r18

g14

m–2

1°04

′3.

9, 9

.8, 9

.348

″, 5

0″B8

, B3,

—D

elic

ate

wid

e tri

ple.

�Sg

r18

h18

m–3

6°46

′3.

2, 7

.83″

M4

Clo

se u

nequ

al p

air.

�23

06 S

ct18

h22

m–1

5°05

′7.

9, 8

.6, 9

.010

″, 1

0″F5

Nic

e eq

uila

tera

l trip

le.

39 D

ra18

h24

m+5

8°48

′5.

0, 8

.0, 7

.44″

, 89″

A3V

, F6V

, F8

Easy

dou

ble

– to

ugh

tripl

e.

�23

15 H

er18

h25

m+2

7°23

′6.

5, 7

.50.

8″A

2VBi

nary

– p

erio

d 77

5 yr

s.

AC

11 S

er18

h25

m–0

1°35

′6.

8, 7

.00.

8″A

9III

Bina

ry –

per

iod

240

yrs.

21 S

gr18

h25

m–2

0°32

′4.

9, 7

.41.

8″K0

, A0

Clo

se c

olor

/mag

. con

traste

r.

59 S

er18

h27

m+0

0°12

′5.

3, 7

.64″

A0

Nic

e cl

ose

doub

le.

�C

rA18

h33

m–3

8°44

′5.

6, 6

.321

″B9

V, A

0III

Nea

t blu

ish,

fixe

d co

mbo

.

O�

359

Her

18h

35m

+23°

36′

6.3,

6.5

0.7″

G9I

IIBi

nary

– p

erio

d 21

0 yr

s.

O�

358

Her

18h

36m

+16°

59′

6.8,

7.0

1.3″

G2V

, G2V

Mat

ched

290

-yr.

bina

ry.

�C

rA18

h44

m–3

8°19

′5.

1, 9

.729

″A

0, K

0C

olor

/mag

. con

trast

pair.

5 A

ql18

h46

m–0

0°58

′6.

0, 7

.813

″A

0, A

0N

ice

whi

te p

air.

116

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

�D

ra18

h51

m+5

9°23

′4.

8, 7

.834

″K0

Nea

t une

qual

dou

ble.

�24

04 A

ql18

h51

m+1

0°59

′6.

9, 8

.14″

K5, K

3Ti

ght o

rang

e co

mbo

.

O�

525

Lyr

18h

55m

+33°

58′

6.0.

7.7

45″

G5

Fain

ter

Alb

ireo

look

-alik

e.

�64

8 Ly

r18

h57

m+3

2°54

′5.

4, 7

.50.

8″G

0VTo

ugh

bina

ry –

per

iod

61 y

rs.

�24

38 D

ra18

h58

m+5

8°14

′7.

1, 7

.40.

9″A

2IV

Mat

ched

260

-yr.

bina

ry.

11 A

ql18

h59

m+1

3°37

′5.

2, 8

.718

″F5

Mag

. con

trast

pair.

Sg

r19

h03

m–2

9°53

′3.

2, 3

.40.

4″A

2III,

A2V

Radi

ant,

toug

h 21

-yr.

bina

ry.

�C

rA19

h06

m–3

7°04

′4.

8, 5

.11.

3″F8

V, F

8VYe

llow

ish,

120

-yr.

bina

ry.

�24

70 L

yr19

h09

m+3

4°58

′7.

0, 8

.414

″B3

Toge

ther

with

�24

74 fo

rms…

�24

74 L

yr19

h09

m+3

4°36

′6.

8, 8

.116

″G

1, G

5th

e D

oubl

e-D

oubl

e’s

Dou

ble!

�24

72 L

yr19

h09

m+3

7°55

′7.

5, 9

21″

K0U

nequ

al p

air

with

dim

3rd

…

�24

73 L

yr19

h09

m+3

7°56

′10

, 10

6″F5

star

at 7

5″=

�24

73.

�24

86 C

yg19

h12

m+4

9°51

′6.

6, 6

.88″

G5,

G5

Nea

t yel

low

ish

twin

com

bo.

�Ly

r19

h16

m+3

8°08

′4.

4, 9

.1, 1

0.9

100″

, 100

″K0

Fain

t, ne

at e

quila

tera

l trip

le.

�Ly

r19

h14

m+3

9°09

′4.

4, 9

.128

″B3

Fixe

d m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

24 A

ql19

h19

m+0

0°20

′6.

4, 6

.642

3″K0

, F0

Wid

e bi

nocu

lar

com

bo.

�Sg

r19

h23

m–4

4°28

′4.

0, 7

.128

″B8

, A3

Nic

e co

lor/

mag

. con

trast

pair.

�+8

Vul

19h

29m

+24°

40′

4.4,

5.8

414″

M, K

0W

ide,

col

orfu

l bin

ocul

ar p

air.

�25

78 C

yg19

h46

m+3

6°05

′6.

4, 7

.215

″A

0D

ista

nt 9

th-m

ag. s

tar.

�25

76 C

yg19

h46

m+3

3°36

′8.

3, 8

.42.

7″K3

VM

atch

ed 2

25-y

r. bi

nary

.

17 C

yg19

h46

m+3

3°44

′5.

0, 9

.2, 9

.026

″, 1

35″

F5, K

5,–

Del

icat

e tri

ple.

�D

ra19

h48

m+7

0°16

′3.

8, 7

.43″

G8I

II, F

6Sl

ow ti

ght b

inar

y.

117

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

Sg

e19

h49

m+1

9°09

′5.

5, 6

.2, 8

.70.

3″, 9

″A

3VA

-B u

ltra-

clos

e 23

-yr.

bina

ry.

�A

ql19

h49

m+1

1°49

′6.

1, 6

.91.

4″F2

Fixe

d tig

ht p

air.

�-1

Cyg

19h

51m

+32°

55′

4.2–

14 ,

9, 9

26″,

135

″S7

Fam

ed v

aria

ble

– di

m tr

iple

.

�A

ql19

h51

m+0

8°52

′0.

8, 9

.5, 1

016

5″, 2

47″

A7V

Alta

ir. W

ide

optic

al tr

iple

.

C

yg19

h56

m+5

2°26

′4.

9, 7

.43″

A3

Clo

se m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�C

yg19

h56

m+3

5°05

′3.

9, 1

0, 1

046

″, 5

0″K0

Dim

equ

ilate

ral t

riple

.

O�

394

Cyg

20h

00m

+36°

25′

7.1,

9.9

11″

K0Fa

intis

h co

lor

cont

rast

duo.

h147

0 C

yg20

h04

m+3

8°20

′7.

3, 9

.429

″M

Dim

, red

and

blu

e-gr

een

pair.

15 S

ge20

h04

m+1

7°04

′5.

9, 6

.820

4″G

1V, A

2A

lso tw

o w

ide

9th-m

ags.

�C

ep20

h09

m+7

7°43

′4.

4, 8

.47″

B9C

lose

une

qual

fixe

d pa

ir.

�Sg

e20

h10

m+2

0°55

′6.

5, 8

.5, 7

.412

″, 8

4″F5

IV, G

5, K

2Fi

xed

delic

ate

tripl

e sy

stem

.

29 C

yg20

h14

m+3

6°48

′5.

0, 6

.621

2″A

0, K

5W

ide

tinte

d pa

ir.

�26

71 C

yg20

h18

m+5

5°24

′6.

1, 7

.54″

A0

Nea

t coz

y pa

ir.

�C

ap20

h21

m–1

4°47

′3.

4, 6

.220

5″K0

II, A

0III

Wid

e, b

right

– o

rang

e an

d bl

ue.

�C

yg20

h22

m+4

0°15

′2.

2, 9

.9, 1

0.9

41″,

1.8

″F8

ID

elic

ate,

clo

se fa

int t

riple

.

�-2

Sgr

20h

24m

–42°

25′

6.0,

6.9

0.8″

A3

Slow

bin

ary

– cl

osin

g.

�C

ap20

h30

m–1

8°35

′6.

1, 6

.622

″A

3V, A

7VN

eat,

easy

mat

ched

pai

r.

48 C

yg20

h38

m+3

1°34

′6.

9, 7

.018

1″A

0, F

0W

ide

equa

l dou

ble.

�D

el20

h38

m+1

4°36

′4.

0, 4

.90.

5″F5

IVBr

ight

, rap

id 2

7-yr

. bin

ary.

49 C

yg20

h41

m+3

2°18

′5.

7, 7

.83″

K0Fi

xed

tight

col

orfu

l pai

r.

52 C

yg20

h46

m+3

0°43

′4.

2, 9

.46″

K0Sl

ow b

inar

y –

in V

eil N

ebul

a.

�C

yg20

h47

m+3

6°29

′4.

9, 6

.10.

9″B5

VC

lose

390

-yr.

bina

ry.

118

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

�27

25 D

el20

h47

m+1

6°07

′7.

6, 8

.46″

K0In

fiel

d w

ith �

Del

.

4 A

qr20

h51

m–0

5°38

′6.

4, 7

.20.

4″F5

V, F

8VU

ltra-

tight

147

yr.

bina

ry.

�27

35 D

el20

h56

m+0

4°32

′6.

1, 7

.62″

G0

Cha

lleng

ing

tight

pai

r.

�Eq

u20

h59

m+0

4°18

′6.

0, 6

.3, 7

.10.

7″, 1

1″F5

III, —

, G

0VC

lose

pai

r 10

1-yr

. bin

ary.

HIV

113

Cyg

21h

02m

+39°

31′

6.5,

10.

618

″K2

Dim

but

col

orfu

l pai

r.

�Eq

u21

h02

m+0

7°11

′7.

4, 7

.43″

F8N

eat,

iden

tical

twin

sun

s.

�27

44 A

qr21

h03

m+0

1°32

′6.

7, 7

.21.

2″F5

VC

ozy

1500

-yr.

bina

ry.

12 A

qr21

h04

m–0

5°49

′5.

9, 7

.33″

F5, A

3C

lose

col

or c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�Eq

u21

h10

m+1

0°08

′4.

7, 5

.935

3″F0

, A2

Brig

ht u

ltra-

wid

e pa

ir.

C

yg21

h15

m+3

8°03

′3.

8, 6

.40.

7″F0

IVRa

pid

bina

ry –

per

iod

50 y

rs.

1 Pe

g21

h22

m+1

9°48

′4.

1, 8

.236

″K0

Easy

col

or/m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�27

99 P

eg21

h29

m+1

1°05

′7.

5, 7

.51.

6″F2

Coz

y pa

ir –

dista

nt 9

th-m

ag.

�28

19 C

ep21

h40

m+5

7°35

′7.

5, 8

.512

″F5

In fi

eld

with

follo

win

g tri

ple.

�28

16 C

ep21

h40

m+5

7°29

′5.

6, 7

.7, 7

.812

″, 2

0″O

6Sp

ecta

cula

r tri

ple

syste

m.

�C

yg21

h44

m+2

8°45

′4.

8, 6

.11.

2″F6

V, G

2VBr

ight

, clo

se 5

00-y

r. bi

nary

.

�Pe

g21

h44

m+0

9°52

′2.

4, 8

.514

3″K2

IEn

if. h

’s Pe

ndul

um S

tar.

�Pe

g21

h45

m+2

5°39

′4.

7, 5

.0, 1

0.6

0.3″

, 14″

F5IV

A-B

12-

yr. r

apid

bin

ary.

�28

40 C

ep21

h52

m+5

5°48

′5.

5, 7

.318

″B6

, A1

Strik

ing

blui

sh-g

reen

dou

ble.

�28

41 P

eg21

h54

m+1

9°43

′6.

4, 7

.922

″K0

B is

an

8.6

and

8.8,

0.2

″pa

ir.

�28

48 P

eg21

h58

m+0

5°56

′7.

2, 7

.511

″A

2N

ice

subd

ued

mat

ched

duo

.

�Ps

A22

h01

m–2

8°27

′5.

8, 6

.81.

7″B8

Nea

t tig

ht fi

xed

pair.

29 A

qr22

h02

m–1

6°58

′7.

2, 7

.44″

A2

Coz

y m

atch

ed c

ombo

.

119

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

�Pe

g22

h10

m+3

3°11

′4.

3, 5

.690

0″F5

III, G

6III

Bino

cula

r pa

ir w

ith 2

7 Pe

g.

�28

83 C

ep22

h11

m+7

0°08

′5.

6, 7

.615

″F2

Easy

fixe

d pa

ir.

�28

93 C

ep22

h12

m+7

3°04

′6.

2, 8

.329

″G

5U

nequ

al fi

xed

pair.

41 A

qr22

h14

m–2

1°04

′5.

6, 7

.15″

K0III

, F2V

Topa

z an

d bl

ue s

low

bin

ary.

�28

90 L

ac22

h15

m+4

9°53

′8.

5, 8

.5, 9

.59″

, 73″

A0

Trio

in c

luste

r N

GC

724

3.

�1/

2 G

ru22

h16

m–4

1°21

′4.

8, 5

.190

0″G

8III,

G8I

IIN

aked

-eye

/bin

ocul

ar p

air.

�28

94 L

ac22

h19

m+3

7°46

′6.

1, 8

.316

″F0

Fixe

d pa

ir –

dista

nt 9

th-m

ag.

�29

03 C

ep22

h22

m+6

6°42

′6.

7, 6

.74″

F5, A

2N

eat s

nug

iden

tical

twin

s.

53 A

qr22

h27

m–1

6°45

′6.

4, 6

.63″

G1V

, G2V

Yello

wis

h eq

ual s

low

bin

ary.

Kr60

Cep

22h

28m

+57°

42′

9.8,

11,

10

3″, 7

5″dM

4, d

M6

A-B

44-

yr. r

ed-d

war

f bin

ary.

�1/2

Gru

22h

29m

–43°

30′

3.4,

4.1

900″

G7,

M4

Brig

ht, t

inte

d na

ked-

eye

pair.

37 P

eg22

h30

m+0

4°26

′5.

8, 7

.10.

7″F5

IVC

lose

, tou

gh 1

40-y

r. bi

nary

.

�Ps

A22

h32

m–3

2°21

′4.

4, 7

.930

″A

0M

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir –

optic

al.

�24

1 Ps

A22

h37

m–3

1°40

′5.

8, 7

.690

″K0

, K0

Nic

e w

ide

pale

ora

nge

duo.

69 A

qr22

h48

m–1

4°03

′5.

8, 9

.024

″B9

Une

qual

opt

ical

pai

r.

A

qr22

h50

m–1

3°36

′4.

0, 8

.513

3″K5

Wid

e m

ag. c

ontra

st pa

ir.

�Ps

A22

h52

m–3

2°53

′4.

5, 8

.04″

A0

Slow

une

qual

bin

ary.

52 P

eg22

h59

m+1

1°44

′6.

1, 7

.40.

7″F0

VTi

ght 2

90-y

r. bi

nary

.

�G

ru23

h07

m–4

3°31

′4.

5, 7

.01.

1″F4

Slow

bin

ary;

dis

tant

8th

mag

.

�C

ep23

h08

m+7

5°23

′4.

6, 6

.61.

2″G

2III

Bina

ry –

per

iod

147

yrs.

89 A

qr23

h10

m–2

2°27

′5.

1, 5

.90.

4″G

2C

halle

ngin

g tig

ht p

air.

�C

ep23

h19

m+6

8°07

′4.

9, 7

.12.

8″K0

III, F

6VTi

nted

800

-yr.

bina

ry.

120

Appen

dic

es

Table

A3.

Dou

ble

and

Mul

tiple

Sta

r W

orki

ng L

ist (

cont

inue

d)

Obj

ect/

Con

RAD

ecM

ags

Sep

Spec

Rem

arks

4 C

as23

h25

m+6

2°17

′5.

2, 7

.7, 9

.699

″, 1

0″K5

An

8.6-

mag

. 215

″aw

ay.

72 P

eg23

h34

m+3

1°20

′5.

7, 5

.80.

5″K3

IIIC

lose

, tw

in 2

40-y

r. bi

nary

.

104

Aqr

23h

42m

–17°

49′

4.9,

7.7

120″

G0

Wid

e, u

nequ

al p

air.

107

Aqr

23h

46m

–18°

41′

5.7,

6.7

7″F0

IV, F

2III

Nea

t slo

w b

inar

y –

open

ing.

6 C

AS

23h

49m

+62°

13′

5.5,

8.0

1.5″

A2

Toug

h fix

ed u

nequ

al p

air.

�30

50 A

nd23

h59

m+3

3°43

′6.

6, 6

.61.

6″G

0VSn

ug tw

in 3

55-y

r. bi

nary

.

Appendix 4

Telescope LimitingMagnitude andResolution

Listed below are limiting magnitude and resolution values for a variety of common-sized(Size in inches) telescopes in use today, ranging from 2- to 14-inches in aperture. (The 2.4-inch entry represents the ubiquitous 60mm refractor, of which there are perhaps morethan any other telescope in the world!)

Values for the minimum visual magnitude (Mag) listed here are for single stars and areonly very approximate; experienced keen-eyed observers may see as much as a full magni-tude fainter under excellent sky conditions. Companions to visual double stars – especiallythose in close proximity to a bright primary – are typically much more difficult to see thanis a star of the same magnitude placed alone in the eyepiece field.Among the many variablesinvolved here are light pollution, sky conditions, optical quality, mirror and lens coatings,eyepiece design, obstructed or unobstructed optical system, color (spectral type) of the star,and even the age of the observer. Given here in increments of aperture are a few represen-tative limiting magnitudes to serve as a general indication of what can be expected to beseen in different sized telescopes.

121

Appen

dic

es

Table A4. Telescope Limiting Magnitude and Resolution

Size Mag Dawes Rayleigh Markowitz

2.0 10.30 2.28 2.75 3.002.4 1.90 2.29 2.503.0 11.2 1.52 1.83 2.003.5 1.30 1.57 1.714.0 11.8 1.14 1.38 1.504.5 1.01 1.22 1.335.0 0.91 1.10 1.206.0 12.7 0.76 0.92 1.007.0 0.65 0.79 0.868.0 13.3 0.57 0.69 0.75

10.0 13.8 0.46 0.55 0.6011.0 0.42 0.50 0.5512.0 0.38 0.46 0.5012.5 14.3 0.36 0.44 0.4813.0 0.35 0.42 0.4614.0 14.5 0.33 0.39 0.43


Three different values in arc seconds are listed for resolution, which are for two stars of equal brightness and of about the sixth magnitude. These figures differ significantly for brighter, fainter and, especially, unequal pairs. Dawes is that based on Dawes’ Limit (R = 4.56/A), Rayleigh on the Rayleigh Criterion (R = 5.5/D), and Markowitz on Markowitz’sLimit (R = 6.0/D). Note that in these equations A (for aperture) and D (for diameter) arethe same thing. For more on these relationships, see the section on resolution studies inChapter 6.

122

Appen

dic

es


Appendix 5

The Measurement ofVisual Double Stars

A valuable reference for those seriously thinking about measuring double stars is the lateCharles Worley’s 1961 reprint Visual Observing of Double Stars from his acclaimed Sky &Telescope series of the same title. The section entitled “The Measurement of Visual DoubleStars”, which discusses the use of a filar micrometer, is especially useful. While the currentlypopular reticle eyepiece micrometer is both less expensive and easier to use than is the filarmicrometer, the latter has long been the traditional instrument for such work. Even thoseobservers who are using more modern devices will find a working knowledge of its opera-tion worthwhile.

Unfortunately, this little booklet has been out of print for some time now. Through the kindpermission of Sky Publishing Corporation, its measurement section has been excerpted below.Although the data in its table of 97 visual doubles expressly compiled for measurement by Dr. Worley was updated in 1970, it is now largely out of date due to the orbital motion of thepairs. His comments about this list in the final two paragraphs are of interest and have beenretained, but the actual table itself has been dropped. Nearly every pair originally contained init can be found in the compilations in Chapter 7 and Appendix 3 of this current book.

Charles Worley spent the latter half of his long career at the U.S. Naval Observatory inWashington, DC, where he measured double stars with the Observatory’s 26-inch and 12-inch refractors (and occasionally with the 61-inch astrometric reflector at its field stationin Flagstaff, Arizona). He was one of the most active observers of visual binaries in theworld. Always a kind friend and mentor to any amateur expressing an interest in helpingmeasure his beloved binary stars, he was truly an “observational astronomer” in the finestsense of the term. He wrote as follows:

The amateur who has acquired a filar micrometer has open to him a boundless fieldof interesting observational work in measuring double stars.

As mentioned [earlier], the telescope should have excellent optics, and a sturdy, accu-rately aligned equatorial mounting with a clock drive is essential. For systematic doublestar work, a refractor of 8-inch aperture or larger is a very effective instrument….

The observer must calibrate the micrometer before measures of double stars canbe made. First, he finds the north point on the position-angle circle; this zero pointhas to be determined independently each night before he begins his observations.Second, he must find the number of seconds of arc corresponding to one revolutionof the micrometer screw. Once it has been accurately determined, this value remainspractically constant. To find the north point of the position-circle, proceed as follows.Using a low magnification, set the telescope on a star near the celestial equator and in[on] the meridian. Let the star trail along the fixed wire [of the micrometer], correct-ing any deviations by rotating the micrometer box and adjusting the tangent screw.When the star trails accurately, the wire is pointing east–west. Then, 90 degrees addedto (or subtracted from) the position-circle reading gives the north point.

123

Appen

dic

es


As an example, suppose that the circle reading is 98.6 degrees when a star trailsalong the fixed wire. Then 8.6 degrees is the north point on the circle. Later thatnight, in measuring the position angle of a double star, the circle reading is, say,245.4 degrees. The true position angle is therefore 245.4 degrees – 8.6 degrees = 236.8degrees.

The determination of R, the value of one revolution of the screw, is more com-plicated. We shall use the method of directly measuring the difference of declinationbetween two stars whose positions are accurately known. R is found by dividing thenumber of screw revolutions into the known difference in Declination. This methodgive R with sufficient precision for reducing measures of close double stars, since theaccidental and systematic errors of a measured separation are quite large even underthe best conditions.

Tabulated below are three pairs of stars conveniently distributed around the sky.The bright pair 27 and 28 Tauri, Atlas and Pleione in the Pleiades, will probably provebest to use. [Indeed, since they and their famed associated cluster are easily locatedand readily visible at some hour of the night most nights of the year, the two fainterpairs mentioned have been dropped here.] In principle, the star positions should be individually corrected to the date of the observation by taking into account preces-sion, aberration, and proper motion. By omitting these corrections, simplicity isgained with little loss in accuracy. Though the star positions in the table are for thedate 1962.0 [here updated to the current standard epoch 2000.0], the differences indeclination should remained practically unchanged for many years. A further correc-tion for atmospheric refraction should be made, but if the pairs are observed whenwithin 30 degrees of the zenith, the differential refraction is very small and may besafely neglected.

[Following are the data for these two stars: their designation, visual magnitudes,Right Ascension in hours, minutes and seconds of time, Declination in degrees,minutes and seconds of arc, and the difference in declination between the two inseconds of arc.]

Pleione (28 Tauri) 5.1 03h, 49m, 11.2s +24°, 08′, 13″ 301″.0 Atlas (27 Tauri) 3.6 03h, 49m, 09.7s +24°, 03′, 12″ 301″.0

The measurements to determine R should be made when the star pair is near themeridian. First, using a low power, carefully find the zero of the position-angle circle,and clamp the wires in the east–west direction. Then, with a higher power, makerepeated measurements of the separation in declination of the star pair, by the tech-nique described below. Measure the pair in the north-to-south direction, then rotatethe micrometer 180 degrees and measure from south to north.

If the field of view is too small to encompass both stars simultaneously, one ormore intermediate stars may be used. These should lie on nearly the same line as thestar pair, but their exact positions are immaterial. The observations of 27 Tauri and28 Tauri [below] are an example:

N-S: 28 Tau to intermediate star – 10.46 revolutions. Intermediate star to 27 Tau – 14.56 revolutions. Sum = 25.02 S-N: 27 Tau to intermediate star – 14.53 revolutions. Intermediate star to 28 Tau – 10.47 revolutions. Sum = 25.00 Average = 25.01 Then R = 301.0″/25.01 = 12″.04 per revolution of the screw.

Such determinations of R should be repeated on a number of nights, and the meanused in the reduction of double star measures.

We finally come to the problem of making an actual measurement of a double star.Observations should be attempted only on nights of good seeing, and the highestpower that the seeing will permit should always be employed.

124

Appen

dic

es


The diagram labeled I shows the method of measuring the position angle of thedouble. With the aid of the tangent screw and position-angle pinion, the fixed wire isset across the star images A and B as accurately as possible. During this operation, theline joining the observer’s eyes should always be held either parallel or perpendicu-lar to the line joining the stars. When satisfied that the wire is properly oriented, readthe position circle and give the micrometer box an arbitrary turn. This helps insurethat successive settings are independent of one another. It is desirable to make foursettings for position angle.

To measure the separation, rotate the micrometer box by 90 degrees and clamp it.Two or three settings are made with the wires in the position shown in the diagramthat is labeled II, followed by an equal number as shown in diagram III. The inter-change of wires eliminates the need to find the coincidence reading of the two wires,and gives the double distance. Since we know R, we find the separation, �, of the pair,in seconds of arc, from � = 1/2R (second reading – first reading). Note that separationmeasures are always made in the order of increasing readings of the screw, in orderto eliminate backlash. In making such distance measures, you can lessen bias bytaking your eye from the ocular and randomly turning the micrometer screwbetween settings.

An example of an actual observation made by the author with the Lick Observatory12-inch refractor is shown. It was made on the double �1932, on May 27, 1960. Thepractice of double star observers is to report the date of every measure, dividing the year decimally, 1960.402 in this case. To reduce accidental errors, the double starshould be measured on three or more nights in the same season, and an averageobtained.

In this article, only a brief outline of techniques can be given. The reader willfind much information on micrometers and observing methods in R.G. Aitken’sbook, The Binary Stars (1935). Also worth consulting are J.B. Sidgwick’sObservational Astronomy for Amateurs (1955) and Amateur Astronomer’sHandbook (1955), as well as the chapter on micrometers in Amateur TelescopeMaking – Book II (1949). See also an article by W.H. van den Bos, “Some Hints forDouble-Star Observers and Orbit Computers,” in Publications of the AstronomicalSociety of the Pacific, 70, 160, 1958.

In the following list are 97 interesting double stars suitable for micrometric ob-servations with 6-inch to 12-inch telescopes. Current position angles and separationsare listed both as an aid in identification, and to help the casual observer test theresolving power of his telescope.

125

Appen

dic

es

Figure A5.1. The setting for finding the position angle of a double star is shown in panel I.Panels II and III show that required for determining the separation of a pair. Two setting areneeded for the separation, the difference between II and III giving twice its actual value as themoveable wire is shifted from one side of the fixed wire to the other. Courtesy Sky & Telescope.

320

Position – anglecircle

Fixed wire

Movable wire

AB

Fixed wire

Movable wire

AB

Fixed wire

Movable wire

AB

I II III


All of the pairs listed here show appreciable orbital motion. In the last column, theperiod of revolution is given when known. Uncertain values are marked with a colon( : ), very uncertain ones with a double colon ( :: ). Asterisks indicate notes on the lastpage.

126

Appen

dic

es

Figure A5.2. A sample double star observation recorded on an index card by Charles Worleyusing the 12-inch refractor of the Lick Observatory on the night of May 27, 1960. Courtesy Sky &Telescope.


About the Author

James Mullaney is an astronomy writer, lecturer and consultant who has publishedmore than 500 articles and five books on observing the wonders of the heavens, andlogged nearly 25,000 hours of stargazing time with the unaided eye, binoculars andtelescopes. Formerly Curator of the Buhl Planetarium and Institute of PopularScience in Pittsburgh and more recently Director of the Dupont Planetarium, heserved as staff astronomer at the University of Pittsburgh’s Allegheny Observatoryand as an editor for Sky & Telescope, Astronomy and Star & Sky magazines. One of thecontributors to Carl Sagan’s award-winning Cosmos PBS-Television series, his workhas received recognition from such notables (and fellow stargazers) as Sir ArthurClarke, Johnny Carson, Ray Bradbury, Dr. Wernher von Braun and former student –NASA scientist/astronaut Dr. Jay Apt. His 50-year mission as a “celestial evangelist”has been to “celebrate the universe!” – to get others to look up at the majesty of thenight sky and to personally experience the joys of stargazing.

The author, shown holdinga copy of his book CelestialHarvest: 300-Plus Show-pieces of the Heavens forTelescope Viewing & Con-templation. Originally self-published in 1998 (and updated in 2000), it wasreprinted in 2002 by DoverPublications in New York.More than 40 years in themaking, nearly half of itsentries are attractive visualdouble and multiple stars.Courtesy of Sky & Telescopeand Warren Greenwald. 127

About

the

Auth

or

14DMS_AU(127-128).qxd 16/02/05 12:53 AM Page 127

Index

Aitken, R.G., 7, 67, 69, 70,100, 125

Albireo (� Cygni), 4, 10, 62,73, 78, 85

Aldebaran (� Tauri), 105Algol (� Persei), 18Allegheny Observatory

30-inch refractor, vii, 44,53

Algieba (� Leonis), 80Almach (� Andromedae), 4,

62, 76� Capricorni, 9, 77� Centauri, 16AM Canum Venaticorum,

30American Association of

Variable Star Observers(AAVSO), 74, 87

Angular measure, 47Angular separation, 14, 68Antares (� Scorpii), 23, 62,

82Anton, Rainer, 54, 55, 70, 72Apastron, 12Aperture masks, 57Apochromatic refractor, 44Arcturus (� Bootis), 37Arguelles-Barbera difficulty

index, 64, 65Argyle, Robert, 70, 74, 86Asimov, Isaac, 23Association of Binary Star

Observers, 74Astronomical Unit (AU), 25

Barlow lenses, 49, 70Barnard/Barnard’s Star, 15,

67

Barns, C.E., v, viBernhard, Bennett and

Rice, 61� Lyrae, 19, 81Betelgeuse (� Orionis), 23,

37, 107Binaries–––astrometric, 14–––black hole, 21–––cataclysmic, 21–––contact, 19, 28–––eclipsing, 17–––genesis of, 24–––interferometric, 14–––neutron star/pulsar, 21,

22–––spectroscopic, 16–––spectrum/symbiotic, 17–––visual, 12Biesbroeck, George van, 6,

47Binoculars, v, 75, 101Blinking Planetary (NGC

6826), 36British Astronomical

Association (BAA), 74Brown dwarfs, 15Burnham, Robert, Jr., 61, 89,

90Burnham, S.W., 38, 70

Capella (� Aurigae), 17,106

Cassegrain reflector, 45Castor (� Geminorum), 5,

11, 12, 17, 79CCD (charge coupled

device) imaging, 53Celestial Harvest, 61, 131

Center for High ResolutionAstronomy (CHRA), 14

Color studies, 61Computers, 58Constellations, 91Cor Caroli (� Canum

Venaticorum), 55, 77, 79Couteau, Paul, 69

W.R. Dawes/Dawes’ Limit,62, 64, 67

Deep-sky objects, 3, 9Dew caps/light shields, 57Doppler shift, 16Double-Double (� Lyrae), 5,

21, 66, 81Double stars–––catalogues, 55, 94–––common proper motion,

11–––defined, 3, 9–––demise of field, 6–––discoverers, 94–––distances, 25–––distribution, 23–––extended working list,

101–––frequency, 24–––luminosity, 27–––masses, 25–––optical, 9, 10–––physical, 9–––showpiece list, 75–––sightseeing tour, 61Double star catalogues and

designations, 55, 94Double star observers’

society, founding a, 74Dwarf novae, 21

With the exception of a number of famous/well-known objects (mainly those having propernames) discussed in one or more places in the text itself, double and multiple stars themselvesare not listed in this index since all of the 500 pairs covered in this book can be readily foundin either the showpiece roster in Chapter 7 or in the extended working list in Appendix 3.Several of the “first-magnitude” and other single stars are also included here, as they arementioned in the main text in various contexts relating to their double and multiple star kin.

129

Index

15DMS_INDEX(129-132).qxd 16/02/05 12:53 AM Page 129

Eddington, Sir Arthur, 27� Aurigae, 19Erecting prisms, 49 Orionis, 66, 81Eye, training–––averted vision, 36–––color perception, 37–––dark adaptation, 37–––visual acuity, 35Eyepieces–––actual field, 47–––antireflection coatings,

48–––apparent field, 47–––barrel diameters, 48–––binocular, 56–––Erfle, 47–––heaters, 57–––Kellner, 47–––magnification, 48–––Nagler, 47–––Orthoscopic, 47, 63–––Plossl, 47, 63

Fienberg, Rick, 11, 12Filters, 58Focal ratio, 43

� Delphini, 62, 79Globular clusters, 30Goodricke, John, 18Go-To systems, 58GPS systems, 58

Haas, Sissy, 5, 60, 62, 86h3780 (NGC 2017), 21, 106Harrington, Philip, 48Hartmann, William, 30Herschel, Sir William, 12,

35, 59, 67, 73Herschel’s Wonder Star

(� Monocerotis), 5, 19,55, 81

Hertzsprung–RussellDiagram, 23, 28

Hipparcos astrometrysatellite, 9, 10, 15

Hubble Space Telescope(HST), 30, 46

Index Catalogue of VisualDouble Stars (IDS), 94,100

International AstronomicalUnion (IAU), 75, 91, 101

Izar (� Bootis), 62, 66, 76

Jones, K.G., 70, 90

Keck Observatory 400-inchbinocular telescope, 14,46

Kepler’s laws, 25, 27

Lagrangian lobe/surface,19, 28

Lightyear (LY), 26, 75, 101Lick Observatory 36-inch

refractor, 44Limiting magnitude, 61,

121Longfellow, Henry

Wadsworth, 5Lord (Christopher)

Nomogram, 67

MacRobert, Alan, 10Magnitude–––absolute (intrinsic), 28–––bolometric, 28–––difference/term, 66–––visual (apparent), 28, 66,

75, 101Main Sequence, 23Maksutov-Cassegrain

systems, 46Markowitz Limit, 66Mass exchange, 28Mass–Luminosity Relation,

27Maurer, Andreas, 13McDonald Observatory

82-inch reflector, 47Meudon Observatory

33-inch refractor, 44Meridian, 63Micrometers–––chronometric, 52–––diffraction grating, 52–––double image, 52–––filar, 50, 69, 123–––measurement, 67, 123–––reticle eyepiece, 52Milky Way Galaxy, 23Mizar (� Ursae Majoris), 5,

9, 17, 83Mountings and motor

(clock) drives, 58Mount Wilson Observatory

100-inch reflector, 17

Multiple star systems, 19Muirden, James, 88

Negative observations,value of, 42

New General Catalogue ofDouble Stars Within 120°of the North Pole (ADS),100

New pair survey, 73Newtonian reflector, 44Newton, Sir Isaac, 25, 27Norton’s Star Atlas, 55Novae, 21

Observatories, private, 59Observing guides, classic,

61Olcott, W.T., 61Open (galactic) clusters, 23Orbit calculation/plotting–––dynamical elements, 72–––geometrical elements, 72–––graphical methods, 73–––periods, 73Orion Nebula, 20, 21, 82

Palomar Observatory 200-inch (Hale)reflector, 46, 89

Parallax–––dynamical, 27–––trigonometric, 25–––spectroscopic, 27Peltier, Leslie, 87Periastron, 12Personal matters–––aesthetic and

philosophicalconsiderations, 88

–––diet, 42–––dress, 42–––pleasure vs. serious

observing, 87–––posture, 42–––rest, 42Peterson (Harold) diagram,

63, 66Photographic imaging, 53Photographer’s cloth, 57Planets (extrasolar), 31Polaris (� Ursae Minoris),

39, 83Porrima (� Virginis), 5, 13,

68, 72, 84

130

Index


Position angle, 50, 68Pound, J., 13Protostars, 24Purkinje effect, 37

Quotations–––Atamian, George, 90–––Bahcall, John, 88–––Banachiewicz, T., 88–––Bash, Frank, 90–––Berry, Richard, 89, 90–––Burnham, Robert, Jr, 89,

90–––Byrd, Deborah, 89–––Cain, Lee, 88–––Covington, Michael, 90–––Dickinson, Terence, 89–––Dobson, John, 89–––Everett, Edward, 88–––Frost, Robert, 90–––Funk, Ben, 89–––Hladik, Mark, 89–––Houston, Walter Scott,

88, 89–––Jones, R.M., 90–––Levy, David, 88, 89–––Loftus, Graham, 90–––Lorenzin, Tom, 90–––Newton, Jack, 89–––Olcott, W.T., 89–––Raymo, Chet, 89–––Spevak, Jerry, 89–––Webb, T.W., 89–––Weedman, Daniel, 88

Rasalgethi (� Herculis), 5,12, 23, 62, 79

Rayleigh Criterion, 64Record keeping, 41Reporting/sharing

observations, 85Resolution studies/table, 64,

121Rigel (� Orionis), 24, 37,

81

Ritchey-Chretien reflector,46

Roche’s Limit lobe/surface,19, 28

Schedler, Johannes, 4Schmidt-Cassegrain

systems, 46Setting circles, 58Sidgwick, J.B., 70, 125Sirius (� Canis Majoris), 15,

38, 7761 Cygni, 15, 32, 76Sky & Telescope, vii, 51, 52,

53, 66, 67, 70, 123Sky Atlas 2000.0/Catalogue,

56, 75, 101Sky conditions–––aurorae, 63–––light pollution, 4, 61, 71,

121–––moonlight, 4, 61, 71–––seeing, 37, 39–––seeing scales, 38, 41–––transparency, 38, 71–––transparency scales, 41Speckle interferometry, 14,

53Spectral types/classes, 75,

101Star atlases, 55Star diagonals, 48Steele, J.D., 61Stellar mergers, 29Struves, 67, 76Supernovae, 21

Tanguay, Ronald, 51, 70, 74,87

Teague, Thomas, 69, 70Telescopes–––astigmatism, 40–––catadioptric, 46–––chromatic aberration, 43–––collimation, 39, 40, 66

Telescopes (continued)–––cool-down time, 39–––local “seeing”, 40–––optical quality, 39, 66,

121, 123–––reflecting, 44–––refracting, 43–––spherical aberration, 40–––star testing (extrafocal

image test), 39Trapezium (�-1 Orionis), 5,

20, 21, 82

U.S. Naval Observatory(USNO)

–––26-inch refractor, 44, 50,123

–––61-inch astrometricreflector, 15

–––staff, vii

Variable stars, 17Vega (� Lyrae), 37, 81Video imaging, 53

Washington Double StarCatalog (WDS), vii, 56,67, 75, 94, 101

Webb Society, 69, 70, 74, 85Webb, T.W., 61, 74, 85, 89White dwarfs, 21Worley, Charles, vii, 50, 70,

123W Ursae Majoris, 19

� Ursae Majoris, 5, 73, 83X-ray binaries, 21

Yerkes Observatory 40-inchrefractor, 6, 7, 44, 47

� Herculis, 12, 114� Orionis, 66, 82

131

Index


Constellation Names and Abbreviations

Documents

Transcript of Constellation Names and Abbreviations