Abbreviations - Springer LINK

797

Abbreviations

The following list provides a selection of the less common abbreviations used in this

book. Those of common usage such as py, acac, THF, NMR, DFT have been left out.

The abbreviations are listed in alphabetical order. When a number, a Greek letter or another

special character precedes the abbreviation, this is listed ignoring such character.

A

AAMP 4-amino-5-(aminomethyl)-2-methylpyrimidine

aampy 2-acetylamino-6-methylpyridine

acbt anion of 2-amino-4-chlorobenzothiazole

ACR acridine

Acr-4-carboxamide N-[2-(dimethylamino)hexyl]acridine-4-carboxamide

AcrNH2 9-(2-aminoethyl)amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine

AcrNMe2 6-chloro-9-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amino-2-methoxyacridine

adbtz 11-aminodibenzo[b,f](1,4)thiazepine

admp 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridinate

admpym 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidinate

-Ala alanine zwitterion (+NH3CH2CO2−)

Amb R(-)2-amino-1-butanol

ambt anion of 2-amino-4-methylbenzothiazole

ammpy 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine

amp 2-aminopyridine

ampy 2-amino-6-methylpyridine

AniPyF N,N'-p-anisylpyridylformamidinate

798Multiple Bonds Between Metal AtomsAppendix

ap anion of 2-anilinopyridine

8-aq 8-aminoquinoline

asp 2-acetoxybenzoate

AZ azathioprine

azin anion of 7-azaindole

B

4S-BACIM 2-methyl-1-propyl 1-acetyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

BAII bis(pyridylimino-isoindolinate)

bcnp 1,8-naphthyridine-2,7-dicarboxylate

bdppp 2,6-di[(C6H5)2P]pyridine

bhp anion of 6-bromo-2-hydroxypyridine

BINO binaphthoxide

BNAZ or 4S-BNAZ benzyl-2-oxoazetidine-4(S)-carboxylate

BNOX or 4S-BNOX 4(S)-benzyl-2-oxooxazolidine

bpa bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine

BPAP 2,6-bisphenylaminopyridinate

bpbg biphenylbiguanide

bpnp 2,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine

4S-BPPIM 2-methyl-l-propyl 1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

bpynap 2,7-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine

1,4-bq 1,4-benzoquinone

Br2calix[4]arene(CO2H)2 25,26,27,28-tetrapropoxy-5,17-dibromo-calix[4]arene-11,23-dicarboxylic acid

5-Brsalpy (2-pyridyl)-2-oxy-5-bromobenzylaminato

btmp (benzylthiomethyl)diphenylphosphine

btp 2,6-bis-(N'-1,2,4-triazolyl)pyridine

But2bipy 4,4'-bis(tert-butyl)-2,2'-bipyridine

But-H2S4 1,2-bis(2-mercapto-3,5-di-Butphenylthio)ethane

4-But-py 4-tert-butylpyridine

But-salophen N,N'-o-phenylenebis(salicylidenamine)

799Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms

Appendix

C

CH3N[P(OCH2CH3F3)2]2 bis(bis(trifl uoroethoxy)phosphine)methylamine

C4H4NCO2 pyrrole-2-carboxylate

C4H3SCO2 thiophene-2-carboxylate

C4H3SCONH thiophene-2-amidate

C10H15CO2 1-adamantylcarboxylate

calix[4]arene(CO2H)4 25,26,27,28-tetra-n-propoxycalix[4]arene-5,11,17,23-tetracarboxylic acid

cap caprolactamate (anion of 1-aza-2-cycloheptanone)

carb anion of carboline

CEP P(NCCH2CH2)3

4S-CHAZ cyclohexyl 2-oxoazetidine-4(S)-carboxylate

chea 1-cyclohexylethylamine

CHIP anion of 1'-3'-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-[2H]imidazo-[4,5b]pyridine

chp anion of 6-chloro-2-hydroxypyridine

5-Clsalpy (2-pyridyl)-2-oxy-5-chlorobenzylaminate

Cl-tpy 4'-chloro-2,2':6,2"-terpyridine

CNPh phenylisocyanide

CNPhCF3 trifl uoromethylphenylisocyanide

CNPhNMe2 p-dimethylaminophenylisonitrile

4-CN-py 4-pyridinecarbonitrile

COD cycloocta-1,5-diene

COT 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene

(S,R)-CPFA-P (S,R)-(1-N,N'-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-(dicyclohexylphosphi-no)-ferrocene

18-crown-6 the crown ether 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane

Cy cyclohexyl or c-C6H11

cyt cytosine

D

daapy 2,6-diacetylaminopyridine

dabco 1,4-diazabicyclooctane


dach 1,2-diaminocyclohexane

damt 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-s-triazine

DAniF N,N'-di-p-anisylformamidinate

DAnimF N,N'-di-m-anisylformamidinate

DAnioF N,N'-di-o-anisylformamidinate

dapy 2,6-diaminopyridine

DArF N,N'-diarylformamidinate

DClPhF N,N'-di-p-chlorophenylformamidinate

DCl2PhF [(3,5-Cl2C6H3)2N)2CH]

DCNNQI N,N'-dicyanonaphthaquinone diimine

DCyF N,N'-dicyclohexylformamidinate

DDA 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (durenediamine)

dedp Et2PCH2CH2PPh2

DEtBz N,N'-di(ethyl)benzamidinate

depa 4,4'-diethyl-2,2'-dipyridylamide

depe CH3CH2PCH2CH2PCH2CH3

dFMEPY or 5S-dFMEPY methyl-(5S)-3,3-difl uoro-2-oxopyrrolidine-carboxylate

dGuo deoxyguanosine

diglyme CH3O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OCH3

DMAD dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate

dimen 1,8-di-isocyanomenthane

dimenol 5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine-2-ol

dippp Pri2P(CH2)3PPri

2

DMAA or dma N,N'-dimethylacetamide

DMAP or 5S-DMAP N,N'-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone-5(S)-carboxamide

dmapd 2,6-dimethyl-4-aminopyrimidine

dmat 4,5-dimethyl-2-methylaminothiazolato

2,3-dmbq 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone

DM-DCNQI 2,5-dimethyl-N,N'-dicyanoquinonediimine

dmdppm Ph2PCH2PMe2

dme dimethoxyethane, CH3O(CH2)2OCH3

DMeBz N,N'-di-methylbenzamidinate


Appendix

DMeODMBz N,N'-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzamidinate

dmf dimethylformamide

dmg anion of dimethylglyoxime

dmhp anion of 2, 4-dimethyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine

dmmp anion of 4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine

dmopehhypy 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-9-(1-phenylethyl)-1,3,6,7,8,9-hexa-hydropyrimido[2,1-f]purine

dmp anion of 2,6-dimethylpyridine

dmpe bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane, Me2P(CH2)2PMe2

dmph anion of 2,4-dimethyl-6-oxopyrimidine

dmpm bis(dimethylphosphino)methane, Me2PCH2PMe2

dmptsczda dimethyl-4-phenylthiosemicarbazidediacetate

dmpyethybz 1,2-dimethoxy-4,5-bis[(2-pyridyl)ethynyl]benzene

DMPyF N,N'-5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-dipyridylformamidinate

Dm-MePhF [(m-MeOC6H4N)2CH]

DMSO or dmso dimethylsulfoxide

DMTF N,N'-dimethylthioformamide

DOSP N-dodecylbenzenesulfonylprolinate

dpa anion of 2,2'-dipyridylamine

dpae Ph2AsCH2CH2AsPh2

dpam bis(diphenylarsino)methane, Ph2AsCH2AsPh2

dpapm diphenylarsinodiphenylphosphinomethane, Ph2PCH2AsPh2

DPB diporphyrinatobiphenylene

dpcp Ph2PCH(CH2)3CHPPh2

dpdbp Ph2PCH2CH2P(p-ButC6H4)2

dpdt Ph2PCH2CH2P(p-tol)2

DPhAc [PhNC(CH3)NPh]

DPhBz N,N'-diphenylbenzamidinate

DPhF N,N'-diphenylformamidinate

Dp-BrPhF (p-BrC6H4N)2CH−

Dp-ClPhF (p-ClC6H4N)2CH−

Dp-FPhF (p-FC6H4N)2CH−


DPh3,5-diClF N,N'-di-3,5-dichlorophenylformamidinate

DPhFF N,N'-di-p-fl uorophenylformamidinate

DPhm-ClF N,N'-di-m-chlorophenyl-formamidinate

DPhIP anion of 2,6-di(phenylimino)piperidine

DPhTA N,N'-di-phenyltriazenate

DPmF dipyrimidinylformamidinate

dpmp (Ph2PCH2)2PPh

dpnapy 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,8-naphthyridine

dppa (Ph2P)2NH

dppb Ph2PCH(Me)CH(Me)PPh2

dppbe 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene

dppe 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2

dppee cis-Ph2PCH=CHPPh2

dppm bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, Ph2PCH2PPh2

dppma (Ph2P)2NMe

dppn benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine

1,3-dppp Ph2P(CH2)3PPh2

dppz dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine

DPyF N,N'-di-2,2'-pyridylformamidinate

ds-im dansyl-imidazole

ds-pip dansyl-piperazine

DTBN di-But-nitroxide

dtd 4,7-dithiadecane

dtdd 5,8-dithiadodecane

DTolF N,N'-di-p-tolylformamidinate

DTolTA N,N'-di-p-tolyltriazenato

DV-X discrete variational calculations

DXyl2,6F N,N'-di-2,6-xylylformamidinate

E

EMAC extended metal atom chain

en" N,N�-dimethylethylenediamine, CH3(H)N(CH2)2N(H)CH3


Appendix

EPPIM ethyl 1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

ESBO edge-sharing bioctahedra

9-EtAdeH 9-ethyladenine

9-EtGH or 9-EtGuaH 9-ethylguanine

etpda diethyltripyridyldiamide

1-EtT anion of 1-ethylthymine

F

2-Fap anion of (2-fl uoroanilino)pyridine

2,5-F2ap anion of 2-(2,5-difl uoroanilino)pyridine

2,6-F2ap anion of (2,6-difl uoroanilino)pyridine

2,4,6-F3ap anion of (2,4,6-trifl uoroanilino)pyridine

F5ap anion of (2,3,4,5,6-pentafl uoroanilino)pyridine

FcCO2 ferrocenecarboxylate

Fcpe 3-ferrocenyl-2-propenate

FHMO Fenske-Hall Molecular Orbital

fhp anion of 6-fl uoro-2-hydroxypyridine

form any formamidinate ligand

FPhPyF N,N'-p-fl uorophenylenepyridylformamidinate

FSBO face-sharing bioctahedron

G

gly glycine

GudH guanidinium cation

guH2 guanine

Guo guanosine

H

Hadmp 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyridine

HBPAP 2-(PhN)-6-(PhN)py

Hdpa bis-2-(pyridyl)amine

HDPhTA N,N'-diphenyltriazine

HDXyl2,6F N,N'-di-2,6-xylylformamidine


hedp 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonato

hfacac hexafl uoroacetylacetonato

H-H head-to-head

Hhq 2-quinolinol

Hmhq 4-methyl-2-quinolinol

Hmphonp 5-methyl-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-one

hp anion of 2-hydroxypyridine

H2pc phthalocyanine

hpp anion of 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine

1R,2R,5S-hprmph 1R,2R,5S-2-hydroxy-5-isopropenyl-2-methylcyclohexyl-diphenylphosphane

1S,2S,5R-hprmph 1S,2S,5R-2-hydroxy-5-isopropenyl-2-methylcyclohexyl-diphenylphosphane

Hpyro 2-pyrrolidinone

H-T head-to-tail

H2TMP tetramesitylporphyrin

Hvall 2-piperidinone ( -valerolactam)

I

4S-IBAZ isopropyl 2-oxoazetidine-4(S)-carboxylate

Im imidazole

IMMe 2,4,4,5,5-pentamethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazolyl-1-oxy

indenyl C9H7−

Ino inosine

4S-IPOX isopropyl 2-oxooxazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

L

lut lutidine

M

MACIM or 4S-MACIM methyl 1-acetyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

mand mandelate ( -hydroxy- -phenylacetate, PhCH(OH)CO2 )

MANIM or S,S-MANIM mandaloylimidazolidinone-4-carboxylate or methyl 4(S)-1-[(2'S)-methoxy-2'-phenylacetyl]-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylate


Appendix

map anion of 2-amino-6-methylpyridine

MBOIM or 4S-MBOIM methyl 1-benzoyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

mbzap 2-(( -methylbenzylidene)amino)pyridine

MCHIM or 4S-MCHIM methyl 1-(cyclohexylacetyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

MDMIM methyl 1-(d-menthoxyacetyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

9-MeAdeH 9-methyladenine

1-MeAdo 1-methyladenosine

2-Meap 2-(2-methylanilino)pyridinate

4S-MEAZ methyl 2-oxoazetidine-4(S)-carboxylate

1-MeC anion of 1-methylcytosine

1-Mecyd 1-methylcytosine

Me-DuPHOS (+)-1,2-bis(2S,5S)-2,5-dimethylphospholano)benzene or its corresponding R enantiomer

Me-Im or 1-MeIm N-methylimidazole

menapo 7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-onato-N,N'

MENTHAZ menthyl 2-oxoazetidine-4(S)-carboxylate

mentholate anion of menthol

meonp 7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-one

MEOX or 4S-MEOX methyl 2-oxooxazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

4,7-Me2phen 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline

3,4,7,8-Me4phen 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline

mephnapoN,N' 5-methy-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthridin-2-onato-N,N'

mephnapoN,O 5-methy-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthridin-2-onato-N,O

mephonp 5-methyl-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-one

4S-MPAIM methyl 1-phenylacetyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

4S-MPOX 4(S)-methyl-5(S)-phenyl-2-oxooxazolidine

4S-MPPIM methyl 1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

MEPY or 5R-MEPY methyl 2-oxopyrrolidine-5(R)-carboxylate

4-Mepy 4-methylpyridine

4-Mepyms anion of 4-methylpyrimidine-2-thione


4-MepyS anion of 4-methyl-2-mercaptopyridine

5-MepyS anion 5-methylpyridine-2-thiolate

3,5-Me2pz anion of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole

Mepyzca anion of 2-methylpyrazine-5-carboxylic acid

Mes mesityl, 2,4,6-C6H2(CH3)3

5-Mesalpy (2-pyridyl)-2-oxy-5-methylbenzylaminato

1-MeT anion of 1-methylthymine

metro metronidazole

1-MeU anion of 1-methyluracil

mhp anion of 6-methyl-2-hydroxypyridine

m-MeODMB dimethyl-3-methoxybenzamidinate

MLMIM methyl 1-(l-menthoxyacetyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

mmtz 5-methylthio-2-mercaptothiadiazolinate

m-nitpy 2-(3-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide

mpa -methoxy- -phenylacetate

mphamnp 2-acetamido-5-methyl-7-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine

MPP 2-methoxyphenylphosphine

MPPIM or 4S-MPPIM methyl 1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate

2-mq anion of 2-mercaptoquinoline

mtfpa (R)- -methoxy- -(trifl uoromethyl)phenylacetate

mtz 2-mercaptothiazolinate

N

Nap naphthyl

NaphthAZ (R)-1-naphthalen-1-yl-ethyl 2-oxoazetidine-4(S)-carboxylate

NCPhCN 1,4-dicyanobenzene

5S-NEPY neopentyl 2-oxopyrrolidine-5(S)-carboxylate

Nic N-nitroxyethyl-nicotinamide

nitet 2-ethyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide


Appendix

nitme 2,4,4,5,5-pentamethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide

nitph (NITPh) 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide

5-NO2salpy (2-pyridyl)-2-oxy-5-nitrobenzylaminato

np 1,8-naphthyridine

1,4-nq 1,4-naphthoquinone

O

OBQDI o-benzoquinodiimine

O2CArtol 2,6-di(p-tolyl)benzoate

5S-ODPY octadecyl 2-oxopyrrolidine-5(S)-carboxylate

OEP dianion of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin

OMP dianion of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octamethoxyporphyrin

OTf trifl ate

OTs anion of toluene-p-sulfonic acid

oxodmnp 2-oxo-5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine

P

PC orthometalated phosphine

pcp methylenbis(phosphinate), CH2[P(O)OH]22

PCy3 tris(cyclohexyl)phosphine

pdc pyroledithiocarbamate

pdz pyridazine

c-Pen cyclo-C5H10O

peptea pentapyridyltetraamide

Ph2Ppy 2-diphenylphosphinopyridine

phdpda phenyldipyridyldiamide

phen 1,10-phenanthroline

PhIP anion of 2-phenyliminopiperidine

PhNPy anion of 2-anilinopyridine

PHOX or 4S-PHOX 4(S)-phenyl-oxooxazolidine

PhPcF phenylpicolylformamidinate

PhPpy2 phenylbis(2-pyridyl)phosphane


phpy anion of phenylpyridine

PhPyBz phenylpyridylbenzamidinate

PhPyF phenylpyridylformamidinate

Phth phthlamide

phz phenazine

plpyz 2-pyrrolyl-1-pyrazine

p nitpy 2-(4-pyridyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-N-oxide

PNP 2,6-di[(C6H11)2P]pyridine

pop pyrophosphate, O[P(O)OH]22

pqdi 9,10-phenanthroquinonediimine

pydz pyridazine, N2C4H4

pymSH pyrimidine-2-thione

pynp 2-(2-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine

pyphos 6-(diphenylphosphino)-2-pyridonate

pypz pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine

pyrimethamine 2,4-diamino-5-p-chlorophenyl-6-ethylpyrimidine

pyrr -pyrrolidonate, C4H6NO−

pyS anion of 2-mercaptopyridine

pySH 2-mercaptopyridine

pyz pyrazine

pz anion of pyrazole

Q

quin quinuclidine

quinCO 8-quinoline acyl

R

RcCO2 ruthenocenecarboxylate

Roll-3696 1-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxypropyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole

S

salpy (2-pyridyl)-2-oxy-benzylaminate

SCF-X -SW self consistent fi eld-X -scattered wave


Appendix

silox OSi(But)3

s-pqdi 9,10-phenanthrosemiquinonediimine

stf-CN [2]staffane-3-carbonitrile

T

TBDMS tert-butyldimethylsilyl

TBSP 1-[(4-But-phenyl)sulfonyl]-(2S)-pyrrolidinecarboxylate

Tcbiim dianion of tetracyanobisimidazole

tclH -thiocaprolactam

TCNE tetracyanoethene

TCNQ 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane

tdpm (Ph2P)3CH

tempo 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl

tempol 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidinyl-1-oxy

temyl 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene

teptra tetrapyridyltriamide

tetraphos-1 Ph2P(CH2)2P(Ph)(CH2)2P(Ph)(CH2)2PPh2

tetraphos-2 P(CH2CH2PPh2)3

TFA trifl uoroacetate

tfepma bis(bis(trifl uoroethoxy)phosphino)methylamine,

MeN[P(OCH2CF3)2]2

2-THCO2 2-thienylcarbonylate

3-THCO2 3-thienylcarbonylate

2,5-TH(CO2)2 2,5-thienyldicarboxylate

THREOX or 4S-THREOX threonine-based-oxooxazolidinone-4(S)-carboxylate (5(R)-methyl-2-oxooxazolidine-4(S)-carboxylate)

tht tetrahydrothiophene

TiPB 2,4,6-tri-isopropylbenzoic acid

TMB 2,5-di-isocyano-2,5-dimethylhexane

tmed or tmeda Me2N(CH2)2NMe2, tetramethylethylenediamine

tmph thiamin monophosphate (phosphate ester of vitamin B1)

TMP 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl anion

TMPP 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenylphosphine


tpyethebz 1,3,5-tris[(2-pyridyl)ethenyl]benzene

tmtaa dianion of 5,7,12,14-tetramethyldibenzo[b,i]-[1,4,8,11]-tetraazacyclotetradecine(benzotetramethyltetraaza[14]annulene)

tmtu or tmu 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-thiourea

TOEP meso-(4'-tolyl)octaethylporphyrin dianion

TolN5Tol di-p-tolylpentaazadienate

TolPyF p-tolylpyridylformamidinate

tpda tripyridyldiamide

TPG or tpg N,N',N"-triphenylguanidinate anion

TPP or tpp tetraphenylporphyrin dianion

tppz 2,3,5,6-tetra-2-pyridylpyrazine

tpy 2,2':6,2"-terpyridine

trimethoprim 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine

triphos Ph2P(CH2)2P(Ph)(CH2)2PPh2

tRNAphe transfer RNA of the amino acid phenylalanine

TTB 2,4,6-tri-p-tolylbenzoate

ttf tetrathiafulvalene

2-TU thiouracil anion

X

Xhp substituted 6-hydroxypyridinate anion

811

A

assemblies containingMo2

4+ complexes ................. 148-168, 222-223Re2

n+ complexes (n = 6, 5 or 4) .........287, 291, 332, 338-340, 357

Rh24+ complexes ................ 483-485, 487-492,

516-518, 548-555Ru2

5+ complexes .................................400-401W2

4+ complexes ........................................188

B

bond energies of M–M bonds ..................721-724

bond lengthsatomic number, dependence on ..........713-715bond order, dependence on .................707-710effect of axial ligands on .....................712-713

bond ordersbond length correction with ...............707-710defi nition of ................................................13

bridging ligands stabilizing metal–metal multiple bonds, classifi cation of .......................18

C

CD spectra of compounds with M–M quadruple bonds ...........................758-760

cobalt compounds, metal–metal bonding in ..............................................451-455

Cr25+ compound ..........................................56-57

Cr24+ compoundsaffect of axial ligation in .........................40-43A-frame-like structures in ...........................64amidate ligands in ..................................50-52

amidinate ligands in ................... 52-55, 58-59bridging amido ligands in ..........49, 57-58, 64carbonate ligands in ....................................38carboxylate ligands in ...........35-43, 46, 55, 61Cr–C bonds in .................43-46, 52-53, 60-61Cr–Cr bond distances in ....... 36-37, 50-51, 54electronic structures of ................................65guanidinate ligands in .................................56intramolecular axial interactions in .........57-59macrocyclic anionic chelating

ligands in ..........................................61-622-methoxyphenyl ligands in ...................43-45N–C–N type divergent-bite ligands in ...62-642-oxophenyl ligands in ...........................45-462-oxopyridinate and related

ligands in ....................................47-50, 59‘super-short’ Cr–Cr bonds in ..................43-50

D

– * transitionsCr2

4+ compounds .......................................750Mo2

5+ compounds ......................................750Mo2

4+ compounds ............... 744-750, 758-759Os2

6+ compounds .......................................757Re2

6+ compounds .......................746, 749, 760Re2

5+ compounds ........................746, 752-753Ru2

5+ compounds ......................................757Tc2

5+ compounds ................ 745-746, 749-751theory of .............................................739-744

double metal–metal bondsIr2

6+ compounds containing .......................457Nb2

6+ compounds containing .................31-32Os2

4+ compounds containing ......438, 442-444Re3

9+ compounds containing ..........................3Re2

6+ compounds containing .............300-301, 331-332

Ru24+ compounds containing ......405-414, 422

Index

812Multiple Bonds Between Metal AtomsIndex

E

electron density maps, calculation of ..............738

electronic absorption spectraCr2

4+ compounds .......................................750effect of pressure on ...................................765Mo2

5+ compounds ......................................750Mo2

4+ compounds ............... 745-750, 753-755Os2

6+ compounds ........................442-443, 757Pt2

6+ compounds .......................................757Re2

6+ compounds ................746, 749, 751-752Re2

5+ compounds ........................746, 752-753Rh2

4+ compounds ...............................756-757Ru2

5+ compounds ......................................757Tc2

5+ compounds ................ 745-746, 749-755

electronic structure calculationsCr2

4+ compounds ................................728-729Mo2

6+ compounds ............... 729-730, 733-738Mo2

5+ compounds ......................................738Mo2

4+ compounds .......................725, 727-729Nb2

4+ compounds ......................................727Os2

6+ compounds .......................................725Pt2

6+ compounds .......................................738Re2

6+ compounds ................................725-727Re2

4+ compounds .......................................738Rh2

4+ compounds ...............727, 731-732, 738Ru2

5+ compounds ...............................732-733Ru2

4+ compounds ..............................727, 733Tc2

5+ compounds .......................................725Tc2

4+ compounds .......................................727W2

6+ compounds ........................729-730, 737W2

4+ compounds ........................725-726, 728

electron paramagnetic resonance spectra .................................... 441-442, 783-785

emission spectra of compounds with M–M quadruple bonds ...........................762-763

EXAFS measurements ............................785-786

excited state distortions of M–M bonded compounds .................................760-761

extended metal atom chains (EMACs)chromium compounds with ...............671-673,

682-683, 686, 698, 703cobalt compounds with ..............686-693, 703copper compounds with .............694, 697-700iridium compounds with ............461-462, 702iron compounds with ................................698ligand bridges present in .... 669-671, 698-700metal–metal distances present in .......674-681,

684-685, 699

nickel compounds with .....................694-697, 700-701, 703

platinum compounds with ................658-661, 702-703

rhodium compounds with .................536-540, 701-702

ruthenium compounds with ...............701-702

F

formal shortness ratios for multiple bonds .......47

H

heteronuclear diatomic compounds[CrMo]4+ core in ...........................43, 145-146[MoOs]n+ core (n = 4 or 5) in ............146, 148,

438-439[MoRe]5+ core in .......................146, 148, 291[MoRu]n+ core (n = 4 or 5) in ....146, 148, 422[MoW]5+ core in .......................................196[MoW]4+ core in ................ 145-148, 196-197[OsW]4+ core in ........................................438[RuOs]4+ core in ................................422, 438[RuW]4+ core in ........................................422

I

internal fl ips of M2 units .........................718-720

internal rotationeffect on bond length of ......................711-712effect of bonding on ........................710-712

Ir26+ compounds ......................................456-457

Ir25+ compounds ......................................455-457

Ir24+ compoundsanionic bridging ligands in ................455-461intramolecular disproportionation in ..456-458Ir–Ir bond distances in .......................455-456

-acceptor ligands in ..........................458-461unsupported Ir–Ir bonds in .......................458

iridium blues ..........................................461-462

iron compounds, metal–metal bonding in ..............................................447-450

isomers of M2X8-nLn speciestypes of .......................................................17mechanisms for the

interconversion of .........................718-720


Index

M

Mo412+ tetranuclear clusters .....................218-223

Mo48+ compounds of the type

Mo4X8(PR3)4 (X = Cl or I) ......................165-166

Mo26+ compoundsalkoxide ligands in .... 205-207, 210, 213-228,

230-234, 236-237, 239alkynes, reactions with ..............................234amido ligands in ............... 205-206, 210-217,

224-228arsenate ligand bridges in ............................94bonding in triply bonded

Mo2L6 molecules ...........................208-209calixarene ligands in ..................................228carboxylate ligands in ................................229cleavage of triple bond in ...................231-234CO, reactions with .............................232-233COT ligands in ..........................207-208, 210cyclopentadienyl ligands in ................210-211

-diketonate ligands in .............................225ethane-like structures of .....................203-204intramolecular disproportionation in .........226isocyanides, reactions with ........................234Mo–C bonds in ......... 204, 207-208, 210-217,

222-223, 228-229Mo–Mo bond distances in ..204-205, 213, 224Mo2X6-nYn molecules ..........................210-218nitriles, reactions with ........................236-237phosphate ligand bridges in ........................94oxidation of Mo2

4+ compounds to give .......139phosphido ligands in ..................210, 213-216phosphine ligands in .........................223, 228redox chemistry of ..............................230-232thiolate/selenate ligands in ...............208, 213,

215-216, 236triazenate ligands in ..................................227

Mo25+ compoundsoxidation of Mo2

4+ compounds to give .......139phosphate ligand bridges in ........................94sulfate ligand bridges in ......................92, 139

Mo24+ compoundsaffect of axial ligation in ..............................73alkoxide ligands in ..... 116, 134-135, 217-218amidate ligands in ........ 97, 152-153, 156-159amidinate ligands in ....................98, 101-103,

141-142, 155-167anionic N,N bridging ligands in ..98-103, 217anionic O,S and S,S ligands in ............103-105carbonate ligands in ........... 161-163, 167-168

carboxylate ligands in .... 69-92, 106, 138-139, 151-152, 154-158, 160-164, 166-167

cationic complexes of ..........................130-132cleavage of quadruple bond in ............136-137guanidinate ligands in ...............................141halide anions of the type [Mo2X6(H2O)2]

2+

(X = Cl, Br or I) in .......................106-108halide ligands in, see [Mo2X8]

4- ionshomoleptic acetonitrile cations of .......130-131hydride ligands in .....................................142intramolecular disproportionation in .135, 218macrocyclic anionic chelating

ligands in ......................................132-133mixtures of carboxylate with

other anionic ligands in ....................79-92, 99-100, 106

Mo–C bonds in .......... 115-116, 137, 142-145Mo–Mo bond distances in ......... 71-73, 80-84,

92, 96, 106, 115-118, 131-132, 148, 156-157, 161, 163-164

[Mo2X8H]3- salts (X = Cl, Br or I) formed by oxidation of ..................108-110

2-oxopyridinate ligands in ..............95-97, 127phosphine ligands in ................. 77-78, 87-90,

112-130, 137, 142-144polyoxoanion bridges in .........................92-95porphyrin ligands in ...........................132-133redox chemistry of ................. 92-94, 108-110,

127-130, 134, 137-142, 153-154

Mo22+ compound containing

F2PN(CH3)PF2 ligands ...................................138

[Mo2X8]4- ions (X = Cl, Br, CN or

NCS), salts containing molecular structure of ....................69-70, 106synthesis of .............................69, 97, 106-107

Mo2X4(PP)2 compounds (X = halide; PP = bidentate phosphine),

- and - isomers of .......... 113-114, 117-118, 120, 123-129

multiple bonding, distribution within the transition elements ....................16-17

N

Nb26+ compounds, double bonds in ............31-32

Nb24+ compounds7-azaindole ligands in ............................30-31calix[4]arene ligands in ..........................31-32


guanidinate ligands in ............................29-30Nb–Nb bond distances in ...........................29

nickel compounds, metal–metal bonding in ..............................................633-634

Noddack, Walter and Ida, discovery of rhenium by .............................................271-272

O

ORD spectra, see CD spectra

orientation disorder of M–M units in crystals ...............................................715-718

Os27+ compoundsguanidinate ligands in ...............................435magnetic properties of ...............................439Os–Os bond distances in ...........................435

Os26+ compoundsamidate ligands in .............................432, 441amidinate ligands in ..........................432, 440anionic N,N bridging

ligands in ..............................432-433, 442carboxylate ligands in ......... 432-436, 438-443cleavage of triple bond in ...................434-437electronic structures of .......................439-443halide ligands in, see [Os2X8]

2- ionsmagnetic properties of ........ 435-436, 439-442orthometalated ligands in ...........433-434, 441Os–C bonds in ...................................432-436Os–Os bond distances in ............434-435, 4372-oxopyridinate ligands in ..........432-433, 441phosphine ligands in ..................433-434, 441porphyrin ligands in ...........................434-444redox chemistry of .............................437, 439spectroscopic properties of ..................442-443

Os25+ compoundscarboxylate ligands in .................437-438, 441electronic structures of .......................441-442magnetic properties of ................435, 441-442Os–Os bond distances in ...........................4352-oxopyridinate ligands in ..........437, 441-442phosphine ligands in .................................438porphyrin ligands in ...........................434-444spectroscopic properties of ..................441-442

Os24+ compounds, porphyrin

ligands in .......................................438, 442-444

[Os2X8]2- ions (X = Cl, Br or I), salts containing

cleavage of triple bond in ...................436-437electronic structure of ................................441

molecular structures of ..............................436redox chemistry of ..............................442-443synthesis of ................................................436

P

paddlewheel molecules with unsymmetrical ligands, regioisomers of ...........18

palladium compounds, metal–metal bonding in ..............................................634-636

Peligot, Eugéne-Melchoir, discovery of dichromium (II) carboxylates by .................10-11

photochemical reactions of compounds with M–M quadruple bonds ...................763-765

photoelectron spectra (UV)allyl compounds ........................................775Cr2

4+ compounds ........................766-771, 775M2X6 (M = Mo or W) molecules ........773-774M2Cl4(PMe3)4 compounds

(M = Mo, W or Re) .............................772Mo2

6+ compounds ...............................773-774Mo2

4+ compounds ...............................766-775paddlewheel molecules ....... 766-771, 774-775Re2

6+ compounds .......................................766Re2

4+ compounds ........................772-773, 775Rh2

4+ compounds ......................................774Ru2

4+ compounds ...............................773-774W2

6+ compounds .......................................773W2

4+ compounds ................................766-773

platinum blues .......................................658-661

Pt26+ compoundsamidate ligands in ..............................648-651amidinate ligands in ..................................648anionic N,O bridging ligands in ........648-654anionic N,S bridging ligands in .........655-656carboxylate ligands in .........................646-647electronic structures of ..............................636guanidinate ligands in ...............................6482-oxopyridinate ligands in ..................651-652polyoxoanion bridges in .....................642-643Pt–C bonds in ....................647, 649-653, 661Pt–Pt bond distances in .....................637-641pyrophosphite ligand bridges in .........644-646unsupported Pt–Pt bonds in ...............656-657

Pt25+ compounds .....................................657-658


Index

Q

quadruple metal–metal bondsCr2

4+ compounds containing ....... 10-12, 35-65discovery and initial characterization

of Mo2(O2CCH3)4 ................................9-10Mo2

4+ compounds containing ...... 8-10, 69-168qualitative bonding treatment of ............13-15Re2

6+ compounds containing .....................7-8, 273-301, 364-365

recognition of existence in Cr2(O2CCH3)4·2H2O .........................10-12

Tc26+ compounds containing ...............252-260

W24+ compounds containing ..............183-196

R

Re39+ clusters, recognition of Re=Re

bonding in .........................................................3

Re28+ compounds, electron-poor

triple bond in .........................................360-361

Re27+ compounds, paddlewheel

structure of ....................................................307

Re26+ compoundsalkyl ligands in .................................289, 300amidate ligands in ......................296-297, 365amidinate ligands in ...........................295-296carboxylate ligands in .........................282-292cleavage of quadruple bond in ....362-363, 365

-diketonate ligands in ......................292-293halide ligands in, see [Re2X8]

2- ions (X = F, Cl, Br or I)

intramolecular disproportionation reactions of ...........................290-292, 302

2-mercaptopyridinate ligands in .........294-2952-oxopyridinate ligands in ..................294-295phosphine ligands in ..........................298-300polyoxoanion bridges in ............................293Re–Re bond distances in .... 275-278, 364-365redox chemistry of ..............................303-308thiocyanate ligands in ........................280-281thioether ligands in ...................................301

Re25+ compoundsamidate ligands in .....................................307amidinate ligands in ..................307, 333, 360bidentate phosphine ligands in ..........322-327,

333, 335-338, 340-341bidentate thioether ligands in .............302-303carboxylate ligands in ................306-307, 333,

335-338, 340-341

2-mercaptopyridinate ligands in .........306-307monodentate phosphine ligands in ...........309,

314-322, 335, 3372-oxopyridinate ligands in ..................306-307Re–Re bond distances in ....................312-313redox chemistry of ......................315-322, 335

Re24+ compoundsalkyl ligands in .................................309, 327allyl ligands in ...................................359-360amidinate ligands in ..................................365bidentate and tridentate phosphine

ligands in ......................................322-341carboxylate ligands in .........................333-341cleavage of triple bond in ...........362-363, 365

-diketone ligands in .........................340-342electron-rich triple bond in ........302, 313-314homoleptic acetonitile cation of .................360monodentate phosphine

ligands in ......................309-322, 329, 359phthalocyanine ligand in ...........................360porphyrin ligands in ..................................360Re–Re bond distances in ....................310-312redox chemistry of ............. 315-322, 326-327,

331-332, 334-335, 359

[Re2X8]2- ions (X = F, Cl, Br or I), salts containing

molecular structure of ...................6, 274-275, 278-280, 364-365

recognition of existence of multiple bonding in .............................7-8

redox chemistry of .............. 303-304, 307-308synthesis of ......................... 273-274, 278-279

Re2Cl6(µ-dppm)2, the Re=Re bond in ................................... 300-301, 331-332

Re2X4(PP)2 compounds (X = halide; PP = bidentate phosphine),

- and - isomers of ...............................321-325

Re2X4(µ-dppm)2 (X = halide) complexes, see also Re2

4+ compounds, reactions with CO, isocyanides, nitriles and alkynes with retention of Re–Re bonding in ...............342-359

[Re2X3(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNR)]+ cations (X = Cl or Br; R = alkyl or aryl), structural isomers of ............... 343-344, 353-355

[Re2Cl2(µ-dppm)2(CO)(CNXyl)3]n+ species

(n = 2, 1 or 0), structural isomers of ...............356

rhenium, discovery of the element .................271

Rh26+ compounds ....................540, 542, 546-547


Rh25+ compoundsamidate ligands in ..............................543-544amidinate ligands in ...........................544-546anionic N,N bridging ligands in ........544-547carboxylate ligands in .................541-543, 545electronic structures of .......540, 543-544, 546Ru–C bonds in ...................................546-547Rh–Rh bond distances in ...................540-541

Rh24+ compoundsamidate ligands in ..... 510-511, 543-544, 557,

565-566, 591-598, 611-612amidinate ligands in .......... 512-514, 544-545,

548-555, 557, 559-560, 563-656anionic N,N bridging ligands in .......512-521,

544-546anionic N,O bridging ligands in ........505-512biological signifi cance of ....................555-566carboxylate ligands in ........ 466-506, 509-514,

525-531, 541-543, 548-567, 599-605, 609-611

catalytic activity and applications of ...591-627chiral ligands in ................. 591-598, 609-612cleavage of the Rh–Rh bond in .................547

-diketone ligands in ........................501, 531electronic structure of ........................465, 512homoleptic aquo cation ......................528-529homoleptic nitrile cations ...........529-530, 566isocyanide ligands in ..........................533-535macrocyclic ligands in ........................531-533multidentate heterocyclic amine

ligands in ............. 501-505, 511, 513-514, 520, 553-554, 556, 563-565

nitrile ligands in ....... 487-488, 492, 501-506, 510, 513-514, 520, 526, 545, 548, 551-554, 562, 564, 566

organic transformations catalyzed by ..591-627orthometalated ligands in .................502, 520,

525-526, 551-552, 599-6052-oxopyridinate ligands in ..................505-510phosphine containing bridging

ligands in ............. 524-527, 535, 551-552, 556, 566, 599-605

photochemistry of .............. 563-564, 566-567polyoxoanion bridges in .............527-528, 547porphyrin ligands in ........... 531-532, 552-553redox chemistry of ......................535, 540-547Rh–Rh bond distances in .. 471-485, 494-500,

506-508, 515-519, 521-523, 527, 530, 594, 601

(S,N), (S,O) and (S,S) anionic bridging ligands in ...............468, 521-524

triazenate ligands in ...........................512-513

unsupported Rh–Rh bonds in ............528-533

Rh23+ compounds ....................535-536, 542, 544

rhodium blues ........................................536-539

rhodium, mixed-valence molecular wires containing .............................536-537, 539

Ru26+ compoundsamidinate ligands in ...........................418-421anionic N,N bridging ligands in ........416-422electronic structures of .......................415-422guanidinate ligands in ........................421-422macrocyclic ligands in ...............................422magnetic properties of ........ 415-416, 421-422polyoxoanion bridges in .....................415-416redox chemistry of ..............................418-422Ru–C bonds in ...................................417-421Ru–Ru bond distances in ...................414-415

Ru25+ compoundsamidate ligands in ..............................391-393amidinate ligands in ...........................399-401anionic N,N bridging ligands in ........396-404biological signifi cance of ....................423-424carbonate ligands in ...........................390-391carboxylate ligands in ................382-389, 394,

398-404, 423-424catalytic activity of .............................422-423cleavage of Ru–Ru bond in .......................385electronic structures of ...............386-389, 404macrocyclic ligands in ...............................422magnetic properties of ...............388-389, 393,

395-396, 399, 401, 403-404naphthyridine ligands in ....................401-4022-oxopyridinate ligands in ..................393-396polyoxoanion bridges in ............................390redox chemistry of .....................386, 392-393,

395, 398, 400, 403Ru–C bonds in ...................................397-401Ru–Ru bond distances in ...................378-382

Ru24+ compoundsamidinate ligands in ...........................411-412carboxylate ligands in ......... 405-409, 422-423catalytic activity of .............................422-423cleavage of Ru–Ru bond in ................406-407electronic structures of ....... 406-408, 410-414macrocyclic ligands in ...............................422magnetic properties of ........ 407-411, 413-414naphthyridine ligands in ....................413-4142-oxopyridinate ligands in ..................409-410redox chemistry of ......................407, 411-414Ru–Ru bond distances in ...................404-405


Index

triazenate ligands in ...........................412-413

S

supramolecular assemblies and arrays, see assemblies containing

T

tantalum compounds, metal–metal bonding in .......................................................32

Tc8n+ octanuclear clusters

(n = 13 or 12) .........................................266-267

Tc6n+ hexanuclear clusters

(n = 12, 11 or 10) ...................................265-267

Tc26+ compoundscarboxylate ligands in .........................257-259halide ligands in, see [Tc2X8]

2- ions (X = Cl or Br)

sulfate ligand bridges in ............................260Tc–Tc bond distances in ............................253

Tc25+ compoundsamidinate ligands in ...........................259-260carboxylate ligands in .........................258-259halide ligands in, see [Tc2X8]

3- ions( X= Cl or Br)

2-oxopyridinate ligands in .........................259phosphine ligands in ..........................260-261redox chemistry of ..............................259-260Tc–Tc bond distances in ............................253

Tc24+ compoundscleavage of triple bond in ...................264-265homoleptic acetonitrile cation of ........263-265phosphine ligands in ..........................262-263polymeric {[Tc2X6]

2-}n anions in ..........261-262redox chemistry of ......................259, 262-263Tc–Tc bond distances in ............................253

[Tc2X8]2- ions ( X = Cl or Br), salts containing

molecular structure of ...............................255redox chemistry of .....................................255synthesis of .........................................254-256

[Tc2X8]3- ions, (X = Cl or Br), salts containing

molecular structure of ...............................254recognition of existence of multiple

bonding in ...............................................9redox chemistry of .....................................254synthesis of .................................252, 254-257Tc–Tc bond of order 3.5 in ........................252

Tc2Cl4(PP)2 compounds (PP = bidentate phosphine), - and - isomers of ...................263

technetium, synthesis and properties of .........251

triple metal–metal bondsdiscovery of the fi rst compound

containing ................................8, 302-303Mo2

6+ compounds containing ......94, 139-141, 165-166, 203-242

Mo22+ compound containing ......................138

Nb24+ compounds containing .................29-32

Os26+ compounds containing .............431-437,

439-444Re2

4+ compounds containing ......302-361, 365Ru2

6+ compounds containing .............416-417, 420-422

Tc24+ compounds containing ...............261-265

V24+ compounds containing ....................23-27

W26+ compounds containing .............198-199,

203-242

V

V24+ compoundsamidinate ligands in ...............................24-262-aminopyridinate ligands in ......................26guanidinate ligands in .................................26stabilization by bridging anionic

ligands of ..........................................24-26V–V bond distances in ................................26

V23+ compounds, bonds of order 3.5 in .......26-28

vibrational spectraM–L stretches .....................................781-783M–M stretches ...................................775-778M–M stretches in the excited state .....780-781

W

W412+ tetranuclear clusters ......................218-223

W26+ compoundsaldehydes, reactions with ...........................239alkoxide ligands in ............ 205-207, 210-214,

217-221, 224-228, 230-241alkynes, reactions with ...............234-236, 239amido ligands in ............... 205-206, 210-215,

217-218, 221, 224-228, 236Bloomington Shuffl e process ..............219-220bonding in ethane-like molecules .......208-209calixarene ligands in ...................198-199, 228C=C bonds, reactions with .................237-240


carboxylate ligands in .........207-208, 217, 229cleavage of triple bond in ...................231-237CO, reactions with .............................232-234COT ligands in ................. 207-208, 210-212,

214-215, 218cyclopentadienyl ligands in .......210-211, 213,

217-218, 241-242-diketonate ligands in .............................225

ethane-like structures of .....................203-204H2, reactions with .............................240, 242isocyanides, reactions with ........................234ketones, reactions with ..............................239nitrile containing ligands, reactions

with ..............................................236-237organometallic molecules, reactions with ...241oxidation of W2

4+ compounds to give ...................... 190, 194-195, 197-198

phosphido ligands in ..................210-215, 218phosphine ligands in ..........................224-226redox chemistry of .............................230-232,thiolate/selenate ligands in ........208, 213, 218triazenate ligands in ..................................227W–C bonds in ........... 204, 207-208, 210-215,

217-218, 221, 229, 236, 240W–W bond distances in ............205, 213-214,

224-225W2X6-nYn molecules ...........................210-218

W25+ compounds ............186, 190, 194, 197-198

W24+ compoundsamidinate ligands in ...........................189-190anionic N,N bridging ligands in ........189-190carboxylate ligands in .........183-188, 197, 217guanidinate ligands in ................189, 197-198halide ligands in, see [W2Cl8]

4- ion2-oxopyridinate ligands in ..........189-190, 192phosphine ligands in .........................184-185,

187-188, 192-195porphyrin ligands in ..................................192redox chemistry of ............................186, 190,

194-195, 197-198W–C bonds in ...................................189, 191W–W bond distances in .....................184-185

[W2Cl8]4- ion, salts containing ................191-192

W2X4(PP)2 compounds (X = halide; PP = bidentate phosphine),

- and - isomers of ...........................192-194

X

X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) ..........785-786

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