Chapter 1

Introduction

1

1.1 Introduction

Rubber is a versatile product with multiple usages. It is

grown in various countries worldwide and plays a crucial role

in the Indian economy too. India is one of the leading rubber

producers in the world. The use of rubber is widespread,

ranging from household to industrial products, entering the

production stream at the intermediate stage or as final

products. Tyre and tubes are the largest consumers of rubber.

The remaining 44% is taken up by the general rubber goods

sector, which includes all products, except tyres and tubes.

Synthetic rubber is mainly used for the production of auto

tyres and tubes, cycle tyres and tubes and footwear. Other

applications for the synthetic variety are camel back, belts

and hoses. The market segmentation includes Auto tyres and

tubes 56%, Bicycle tyres and tubes 9%, Footwear 18%, Latex

goods 8%, Belts and hoses 4%, Camelback 5%. India, being

the fourth largest producer of natural rubber in world, is

considered to be one of the key players in the global rubber

business. The entire requirement of rubber-based industries

for natural rubber, synthetic rubber, rayon and nylon tyre

cord, steel cord, carbon black and rubber chemicals, etc is

2

being met from indigenous sources. Rapid progress has also

been made in the production of natural rubber. There are about

5000 units comprising 30 large-scale, 300 medium scale and

around 4600 small-scale and tiny sector units. These units

manufacture more than 35,000 rubber products.

The main producer of synthetic rubber in India has been

Synthetics and Chemicals, Apar Industries, Apcotex Lattices

and Unimers India. Synthetics and Chemicals had closed down.

The future for natural rubber looks bright. Ever increasing

volumes are being produced. At 5.92 million tons per annum,

natural rubber has 39 per cent of the world rubber consumption

of 15.14 million tons per annum. The rubber industry is

expected to grow at over 8 per cent per annum this decade, as

the per capita consumption of rubber is 0.8 kg against 14 kg

in the developed world. India is likely to become the world's

third-largest producer of natural rubber after Thailand and

Indonesia, Rubber Board sources said. And with crude prices

unlikely to come down, synthetic rubber is likely to remain a

costly alternative. With accelerating demand from automobile

industry and other rubber consuming industries in developing

countries, the shortage of natural rubber is likely to

aggravate in coming years. There exists a huge scope for

expansion causing import of machinery, technology and raw

materials and export of rubber goods. Rubber has become one of

the most versatile and strategic raw materials catering to

wide range of applications. About 92% of natural rubber in

3

India is contributed by Kerala. Kerala, with a total area of

3.84 lakh hectares under rubber cultivation and an annual

production of 3.70 lakhs tones, produces over 90% of India's

natural rubber. Of the total area, 92 percent is represented

by small holdings with an average area of around 0.5 hectares.

There are about 10 lakh growers and 3.5 lakh workers engaged

in the rubber sector of which more than 90 percent belong to

Kerala. A sound network of intermediate rubber units engaged

in rubber compounding, crumb rubber manufacture etc exist in

the state. Rubber technology course helps to study different

methods of value added rubber product manufacturing. The state

government is now giving various incentives such as technical

assistance, investment subsidies, and training for

entrepreneurs for concessions, rehabilitation of weak units

and development o infrastructure for promotion as well as

small scale industries.

Gloves industry became an industry in 1834, when they give

cutting die was invented in France. The advancement of medical

technology has caused better awareness on the usage of gloves

for prevention. World over there was sudden spurt in the

demand for Disposable gloves. Through, AIDS scare fueled the

demand initially; the awareness of hazards sustained the

continued growth in the demand of the gloves.

Gloves made of natural latex have better feel and sensitivity

and they have a breathing property which makes preferred over

4

gloves made of nitrile, vinyl and other synthetic materials.

To counter the protein allergy the technique of Chlorination

emerged as a substitute of powdering. The surgical glove has

fetched a higher export earning compare to the examination of

gloves. Its processing involves longer cuff length, double

dipping, sterilization etc.

Types of Gloves

Commercial and Industrial: - Barbed wire handler’s gloves.

Chainsaw gloves, firemen’s gauntlets, Disposable gloves,

Medical gloves, Welder’s gloves, Sandblasting gloves,

Gardening gloves and Impact gloves.

Sports and Recreational: - Archer’s gloves, Baseball gloves,

Eating gloves, Boxing gloves, Cricket gloves, Football gloves

etc.

Winter gloves: - Acrylic, Woolen, Leather etc.

1.2 Objectives of the

study

5

Primary Objective To study the overall functioning of Primus Gloves

PVT. Ltd.

Secondary Objective To study the functions of each department of

Primus Gloves PVT. Ltd.

To study the future plans of Primus Gloves PVT.

Ltd.

To gain a practical exposure to the actual work

situation.

To know whether the company is working under the

description written in the Quality System

Management Manual.

To know how each department works in coordinate

with other departments.

To know how the company is marketing their

product.

1.3 Scope of the

Study

To familiarize the students with business organization.

To familiarize them the different departments in the

organization and their functioning.

To enable the students to understand how the key business

process are carried out in a organization.

6

Understand how information is used in organization for

decision making at various levels and

To elate theory with practice.

1.4

Chapterisation

Chapter 1

The first chapter is the introductory chapter and includes

the objectives of the study, study plan and chapter scheme,

need and significant of the study, scope of the study and

methodology.

Chapter 2

The second chapter is the theoretical review. The chapter

includes organizing, organization, and types of organization,

departmentation, types of departmentation, centralization and

decentralization.

Chapter 3

The third chapter is about the industrial profile. This

chapter include the world, Indian, state scenario of the

industry.

Chapter 4

The fourth chapter is about the company profile. This include

introduction that is history of the company, vision,

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objectives of the company, organizational structure, future

expansion plans.

This also carries department details and each department’s

structure, functions, procedures, policies and programs. This

also contains the analysis of strengths, weakness,

opportunities and threats of the company

Chapter -2

Theoretical Background

8

2.1 Concept of

organizingOrganization is the process of:

1. Identifying and grouping the work to be performed.

2. Defining and delegating responsibility and authority.

3. Establishing the relationship for the purpose of

enabling people to work efficiency together in

accomplishing objectives.

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Organizing

Organizing plays a central role in the management process.

Once plans are created the manager's task is to see that they

are carried out. Given a clear mission, core values,

objectives, and strategy, the role of organizing is to begin

the process of implementation by clarifying jobs and working

relationships. It identifies who is to do what, who is in

charge of whom, and how different people and parts of the

organization relate to and work with one another. All of

this, of course, can be done in different ways. The strategic

leadership challenge is to choose the best organizational

form to fit the strategy and other situational demands.

“Organizing is the managerial function of arranging people

and resources to work toward a goal.”The purposes of

organizing include but are not limited to determining the

tasks to be performed in order to achieve objectives,

dividing tasks into specific jobs, grouping jobs into

departments, specifying reporting and authority

relationships, delegating the authority necessary for task

accomplishment, and allocating and deploying resources in a

coordinated fashion.

2.2 Organization

“Organization is the process of identifying and grouping work

to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and

authority and establishing relationship for the purpose of

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enabling people to work most effectively together in

accomplishing objective.”

Principles of organization

Principle means the theoretical basis on which something is

built up. The theoretical basis is formulated from

fundamental truth. Some of the important principles to be

followed for developing round and efficient organizations

are:

Principle of unity of objective.

Principle of specification.

Principle of co-ordination.

Principle of unity of command.

Principle of span of control.

Principle of exception.

Principle of flexibility.

Principle of simplicity.

Principle of communication.

Principle of efficiency.

Requisites of good organization

The objective is to be clear, can do and well defined

and the organization must have a capacity to achieve it.

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All activities therein must be implemented easily and

effectively.

All activities therein must be properly co-ordinate.

Organization must be complete; it should include all

essential activities.

The communication system within the organization must be

effective.

The span of control at all level must be reasonable.

There should be provisions for future expansion,

whenever needed.

All activities and functions follow defined procedures:

The organization must be such that it promotes the

morality of employees.

There should be proper diversion of authority and

responsibility.

Importance of an organization

Significance of the organization in any institution may be

discussed as below:

(i) It ensures optimum use of human resources: It establishes

persons with different Interest’s skills, knowledge and

viewpoints.

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(ii) It stimulates creativity: A sound and well conceived

organization structure is the source of creative thinking and

initiation of new ideas.

(iii) Use of improved technology: A good organization

provides for optimum use of technological improvements.

(iv) Coordination in the enterprise: In a good organization,

the different departments perform their functions in a

closely related manner.

(v) Executive development: The pattern of an organization

structure has strong influence on the development of

executives.

(vi) It ensures cooperation among workers: A good

organization promotes mutual Goodwill and co-operation among

workers also.

Departmentation

The process of classifying an organization on the basis of

departments or similar activities, to facilitate planning and

controlling. 2.2 Process and Structure of

organization

Organizing, like planning, must be a carefully worked out and

applied process. This process involves determining what work

is needed to accomplish the goal, assigning those tasks to

individuals, and arranging those individuals in a decision-

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making framework (organizational structure). The end result

of the organizing process is an organization — a whole

consisting of unified parts acting in harmony to execute

tasks to achieve goals, both effectively and efficiently.

A properly implemented organizing process should result in a

work environment where all team members are aware of their

responsibilities. If the organizing process is not conducted

well, the results may yield confusion, frustration, loss of

efficiency, and limited effectiveness.

2.3 Types of

organization

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Line Structure

• Oldest and simplest form.

• Also known as scalar/military/vertical org.

• Single head of the organization who commands the whole

affairs.

• Structure in which direct authority flows vertically

from the top hierarchical levels, through the middle

levels, and on to the bottom levels

• Generally found in small or new organization.

• Direct authority makes each employee directly

responsible for performing assigned duties

• Line and staff structure

• Structure that contains both line structure and staff

structure, with the latter providing specialized staff

activities that support line activities.

• Line departments are involved in making decisions

regarding the operation of the organization, while staff

areas provide specialized support.

Functional Structure

• Originated by F.W.Taylor.

• Grouping of activities according to the functions of an

enterprise, such as production, selling and financing.

Project Structure

• Project organization is designed with the object of

accomplishing a programme or project.

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• Employees work continuously on projects; moving on to

another project as each project is completed.

Matrix Structure

In this organizational structure teams are formed and team

members report to two or more managers.

A matrix is a highly flexible form that is readily adaptable

to changing circumstances. Each matrix contains three

unique sets of role relationships:

(a) The top manager or CEO who heads up and balances

the dual chains of command;

(b) The managers of functional and project departments

who shares subordinates; and

(c) The specialists (employees) who report to both the

respective functional manager and project manager.

Divisional Structure

• The divisional or departmental organization involves

grouping of people or activities with similar

characteristics into single department or unit.

• Composed of separate business units or divisions with

limited autonomy under the coordination and control of

the parent corporation.

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2.4

Departmentalization

"Departmentalization is the grouping of jobs, processes, and

resources into logical units to perform some organizational

task".

Types of Departmentalization

Customer Departmentalization: Grouping activities on the

basis of common customers or types of customers. Jobs

may be grouped according to the type of customer served

by the organization. A travel agency can have one team

taking care of corporate customers, and the other team

taking care of walk-in retail customers.

Product Departmentalization: Grouping activities by

product line. Tasks can also be grouped according to a

specific product or service, thus placing all activities

related to the product or the service under one manager.

For example, Kimberly Clark manufactures children’s

products, toiletry and industrial hygiene products. Each

product cluster has its own manufacturing plant,

research and development, and marketing team.

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Process Departmentalization: Grouping activities on the

basis of product or service or customer flow. Because

each process requires different skills, process

departmentalization allows homogenous activities to be

categorized. For example, the applicants might need to

go through several departments namely validation,

licensing and treasury, before receiving the driver’s

license.

Geographic Departmentalization: Grouping activities on

the basis of territory. If an organization's customers

are geographically dispersed, it can group jobs based on

geography. For example, the regional headquarter for

Asia is in Singapore, and the regional headquarter for

Europe is in London.

Functional Departmentalization: Grouping activities by

functions performed. Activities can be grouped according

to function (work being done) to pursue economies of

scale by placing employees with shared skills and

knowledge into departments. For example human resources,

IT, accounting, manufacturing, logistics, and

engineering.

2.5 Authority and

Delegation of Authority

  Authority

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In context of a business organization, authority can be

defined as the power and right of a person to use and

allocate the resources efficiently, to take decisions and to

give orders so as to achieve the organizational objectives.

Authority must be well- defined. All people who have the

authority should know what is the scope of their authority is

and they shouldn’t misutilize it. Authority is the right to

give commands, orders and get the things done. The top level

management has greatest authority. Authority always flows

from top to bottom. It explains how a superior gets work done

from his subordinate by clearly explaining what is expected

of him and how he should go about it. Authority should be

accompanied with an equal amount of responsibility.

Delegating the authority to someone else doesn’t imply

escaping from accountability.

Delegation of authority

Delegation of authority is the base of superior-subordinate

relationship, it involves following steps:-

1. Assignment of Duties - The delegator first tries to

define the task and duties to the subordinate. He also

has to define the result expected from the subordinates.

Clarity of duty as well as result expected has to be the

first step in delegation.

2. Granting of authority - Subdivision of authority takes

place when a superior divides and shares his authority

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with the subordinate. It is for this reason; every

subordinate should be given enough independence to carry

the task given to him by his superiors. The managers at

all levels delegate authority and power which is

attached to their job positions. The subdivision of

powers is very important to get effective results.

3. Creating Responsibility and Accountability - The

delegation process does not end once powers are granted

to the subordinates. They at the same time have to be

obligatory towards the duties assigned to them.

Responsibility is said to be the factor or obligation of

an individual to carry out his duties in best of his

ability as per the directions of superior.

Responsibility is very important. Therefore, it is that

which gives effectiveness to authority. At the same

time, responsibility is absolute and cannot be shifted.

Accountability, on the others hand, is the obligation of

the individual to carry out his duties as per the

standards of performance. Therefore, it is said that

authority is delegated, responsibility is created and

accountability is imposed. Accountability arises out of

responsibility and responsibility arises out of

authority. Therefore, it becomes important that with

every authority position an equal and opposite

responsibility should be attached.

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Therefore every manager, i.e., the delegator has to follow a

system to finish up the delegation process. Equally important

is the delegate’s role which means his responsibility and

accountability is attached with the authority over to here.

Centralization and Decentralization

Centralization

It is said to be a process where the concentration of

decision making is in a few hands. All the important

decision and actions at the lower level, all subjects and

actions at the lower level are subject to the approval of

top management. According to Allen, “Centralization” is

the systematic and consistent reservation of authority at

central points in the organization. The implication of

centralization can be :-

1. Reservation of decision making power at top level.

2. Reservation of operating authority with the middle level

managers.

3. Reservation of operation at lower level at the directions

of the top level.

Under centralization, the important and key decisions are

taken by the top management and the other levels are into

implementations as per the directions of top level. For

example, in a business concern, the father & son being the

owners decide about the important matters and all the rest

of functions like product, finance, marketing, personnel,

are carried out by the department heads and they have to

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act as per instruction and order of two people.

Decentralization

It is a systematic delegation of authority at all levels

of management and in all of the organization. In a

decentralization concern, authority in retained by the top

management for taking major decisions and framing policies

concerning the whole concern. Rest of the authority may be

delegated to the middle level and lower level of management.

The degree of centralization and decentralization will depend

upon the amount of authority delegated to the lowest level.

According to Allen, “Decentralization refers to the

systematic effort to delegate to the lowest level of

authority except that which can be controlled and exercised

at central points.

Decentralization is not the same as delegation. In fact,

decentralization is all extension of delegation.

Decentralization pattern is wider is scope and the

authorities are diffused to the lowest most level of

management. Delegation of authority is a complete process and

takes place from one person to another. While

decentralization is complete only when fullest possible

delegation has taken place. For example, the general manager

of a company is responsible for receiving the leave

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application for the whole of the concern. The general manager

delegates this work to the personnel manager who is now

responsible for receiving the leave applicants. In this

situation delegation of authority has taken place. On the

other hand, on the request of the personnel manager, if the

general manager delegates this power to all the departmental

heads at all level, in this situation decentralization has

taken place. There is a saying that “Everything that

increasing the role of subordinates is decentralization and

that decreases the role is centralization”. Decentralization

is wider in scope and the subordinate’s responsibility

increase in this case. On the other hand, in delegation the

managers remain answerable even for the acts of subordinates

to their superiors.

Implications of Decentralization

1. There are fewer burdens on the Chief Executive as in the

case of centralization.

2. In decentralization, the subordinates get a chance to

decide and act independently which develops skills and

capabilities. This way the organization is able to

process reserve of talents in it.

3. In decentralization, diversification and horizontal can

be easily implanted.

4. In decentralization, concern diversification of

activities can place effectively since there is more

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scope for creating new departments. Therefore,

diversification growth is of a degree.

5. In decentralization structure, operations can be

coordinated at divisional level which is not possible in

the centralization set up.

6. In the case of decentralization structure, there is

greater motivation and morale of the employees since they

get more independence to act and decide.

7. In a decentralization structure, co-ordination to some

extent is difficult to maintain as there are lot many

department divisions and authority is delegated to

maximum possible extent.

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Chapter 3

Industry Profile

25

3.1 International

Scenario

The hundred-year history of the Malaysian rubber is marked by

a lot of ups and downs. Two major developments during the

period have been the country’s slide from the top slot in

global natural rubber production to the third place and the

shift into oil palm cultivation, mainly due to the un-

remunerative prices of rubber as compared to the economical

benefits from oil palm cultivation. Malaysia today is the

world's third largest producer and exporter of natural rubber

(NR), the fifth largest consumer and the largest global

consumer of latex concentrate. In the products manufacturing

sector, Malaysia is the leader in the production and supply

of medical rubber gloves, catheters, latex threads and cords.

26

Malaysia’s data suggests that the industry has undergone

considerable changes, in line with developments in the world

economy, in general and the national policies, in particular.

Nevertheless, NR remains a major industry sector in the

Malaysian economy in terms of its contribution to the Gross

Domestic Product (GDP), export earnings, employment and

income, involving large numbers of smallholders. In 2010, the

industry contributed about RM34 billion in export revenue,

which more than doubled from RM13.27 billion in 2000 and

accounted for about 6% of Malaysia’s total export earnings.

NR exports accounted for RM9.13 billion, while rubber

products contributed RM12.96 billion, other rubbers which

include synthetic rubber, reclaimed rubber, recycled rubber

and compounded rubber contributed RM4.27 billion and rubber

wood products made up the rest at around RM7.63 billion.

Over the last one hundred years, the Malaysian rubber

industry has evolved from being an important component in the

agricultural sector into a force to be reckoned with in the

manufacturing sector of the Malaysian economy. As Malaysia’s

economic focus shifted from primary industries to

manufacturing with the promulgation of the Industrial Master

Plans, the rubber industry also underwent major structural

changes. There was a steady decline in rubber cultivation and

production while imports of rubber from the neighboring

countries increased to meet the growing demands of the

27

domestic rubber product manufacturing sector which expanded

rapidly.

In tandem with these developments, Malaysia has achieved

several distinctions. Today, the country is a global player

in the export of quality and competitively-priced rubber as

well as rubber products in the international market. Malaysia

is the world's third largest producer and exporter of natural

rubber (NR), fifth largest consumer of natural rubber in the

world and the world’s largest consumer of latex concentrate.

In the rubber products sector, Malaysia is a leading producer

and supplier of medical rubber gloves, catheters and latex

threads and cords. Malaysia's Vision 2020 sets out new goals

for the Malaysian rubber industry, and this can be achieved

by enhancing productivity and competitiveness and by

modernizing the predominantly smallholder sector in order to

maximize the industry's contribution to the national economy.

In tandem with these rapid changes, it is vital that the MRB

re-examines its strategies, taking into consideration the

changing scenario and developments.

In this regard, during the first three and a half months of

this year, MRB launched two strategies, namely, the Malaysian

Rubber Industry Strategies and the Malaysian Rubber Board

Strategies, for the period 2013-2020. The Malaysian Rubber

Industry Strategies aim at sustaining the Malaysian rubber

industry by contributing to a high-income economy. The

28

Malaysian Rubber Board Strategies, on the other hand, chart a

roadmap to enable the country’s transition to a global centre

of excellence for rubber in the area of Research &

Development. Apart from the expansion of area under rubber

and replanting initiatives under the two strategies I

mentioned earlier, we have ambitious plans to increase

productivity. In 2010, the average land productivity of the

estates sector was 1,620 kg/ha/year whilst that in the

smallholding sector was 1,470 per kg/ha/year. The land

productivity or yield suggests that Malaysia has the

potential to increase her total production simply by

increasing productivity levels in existing areas by

replanting with better clones. The Malaysian Rubber Industry

Strategies envisage increasing production to 2.0 million tons

with productivity of 2.0 tons /ha/year by 2020.

The Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB), through upstream research

and development (R&D) activities, has given special priority

to increase productivity through breeding and selection,

agronomy and new latex harvesting techniques to meet the

increasing demand by the industry.

The MRB has also developed new clones and technologies which

will improve yield and production as well ensure better

returns from rubber cultivation. The major research areas

undertaken are in the breeding programs with the aim of

producing clones which can produce annual latex yield of more

29

than 3,000 kg per ha and log volume of more than 1.5 cubic

meters per tree. The success of the rubber breeding programs

can be seen from the multifold yield increase -- from about

500 kg/ha/year for unselected seedlings to about 3,000

kg/ha/year for modern clones.

In 2009, MRB introduced the 1Malaysia Clone -- the RRIM 3001.

Latex has a production potential of more than 3,000

kg/ha/year and is suitable for planting on a commercial basis

including the rubber forest plantation programs. This clone

has shown good performance in early evaluation in terms of

growth vigor and latex production and is, therefore, also

suitable for planting as latex timber clone. The RRIM 3001

clone is still under evaluation in different environmental

conditions. The Malaysia clone is trappable in less than five

years with an average yield in the first three years between

2,264 kg/ha/year to 2,792 kg/ha/year and could surpass the

3,000 kg/ha/year.

Undeniably, R&D has played a pivotal role in spearheading

Malaysia's rapid rise into global prominence not only as a

major producer of superior quality natural rubber but also of

rubber products.

Leading manufacturers and Exporters of gloves in

international market are:-

Cardinal Health:-

30

Cardinal health is an essential link in the health care

supply chain, providing pharmaceuticals and medical

products to more than 60,000 locations each day. Cardinal

Health, Inc. is a Fortune 500 health care services company

based in Dublin, Ohio. The firm specializes in

distribution of pharmaceuticals and medical products,

serving more than 60,000 locations. The firm also

manufactures medical and surgical products, including

gloves, surgical apparel and fluid management products. In

addition, it operates the nation’s largest network of

radio pharmacies. The products are:-

Medical, Surgical and Laboratory Products.

Therapeutics plasma products and specialty

pharmaceuticals

Astounded surgical gowns

Hand care products

Ansell:-

"Better protection" has been the goal of Ansell Limited ever

since the company was founded. In its constant quest for ever-

improved protection, comfort and quality, Ansell communicates

intensively with communities, end-users and expert trade

associations to gauge their wants and needs.

31

Led by that feedback and market trends, Ansell has developed

- and continue to develop - a broad brand offering including

innovative products to meet every protection need in

professional, occupational and consumer healthcare. They are

the leaders in protection solutions, with operation in

Americas, Europe and Asia. Ansell brands set themselves apart

by their high quality, superior performance and state-of-the-

art comfort and fit. But, most of all, people around the

world have come to know the Ansell brands as brands they can

rely on. For the protection and comfort levels they ensure,

but also for the expertise, support and services they are

inextricably linked to - as a token of Ansell’s commitment to

a world where everyone and everything is optimally protected.

MEDICAL BRANDS

Medical Gloves

Healthcare Safety Devices

Active Infection Prevention products for healthcare

environments.

32

 

  

SPECIALTY MARKETS BRANDS

High performance, application-specific gloves for highly

demanding environments.

33

 

Sempermed:-

Sempermed is the largest segment of the Semperit Group

and one of the world's leading manufacturers of

industrial and medical gloves. In Lower Austria

Wimpassing, Research Sempermed, are constantly being

developed and tested new products in close cooperation

with users and experts. Wimpassing is also the production

facility of surgical gloves. The rest of the product

range is manufactured in Asia (latex and nitrile gloves

in Thailand, vinyl gloves in China). For more than 90

years. SEMPERMED gloves produced in top quality and are

regarded as the global benchmark in quality and

innovation leader. Sempermed guarantees optimal security

34

and reliability through advanced manufacturing

technology, high production hygiene and stringent quality

controls. 

The world - wide distribution and service network of Siam

Sempermed ensures proximity for customers and optimum

customers. Presently it has an annual output of around10,

000 million pieces of latex and nitrile examination

gloves. It has its own latex and nitrile examination

gloves factory in Thailand, Hatyai district, Songkhla

province and has 3 major distributors’ globally.

3.2 Nationa

l Scenario

Latex centrifuging is an important segment of the raw rubber

processing industry in India. A little over 10% of the total

NR output is processed every year into latex concentrate.

Production of centrifuged latex was to the extent of 85,760

tons in dry rubber terms out of the total NR output of 831,400

tons in 2009-10. Other commercially important latex grades are

creamed latex and pale latex crepe. Creamed latex is mainly

used in the production of latex foam and latex thread while

pale latex crepe is used to make shoe soles. The annual output

of latex concentrate in the country is in excess of the

quantum demanded by the user industry. A portion of it is

exported. Even though it is in excess production, small

quantum is imported, irrespective of whether its price in the

35

world market rules lower than the domestic price or not. Latex

import is prohibitively costly since the customs duty is

pitched high at 70% of the price. This high duty works as a

bulwark against excess imports hitting down price in the

domestic market. Nevertheless, units in the special economic

zones can import latex without duty. They have obligation to

export the finished products and the duty is waived to help

them price the products competitively in the world market.

Dipped products manufacturers in the special economic zones

imported around 4,000 tons of latex concentrate in 2009 taking

advantage of the duty exemption facility. Production of latex

concentrate has been coming down in India in recent times. In

2009-10, it was 85,760 tons while output was 88,070 tonnes in

2008-09. Top output was in 2005-06, at 90,950 tonnes. The

output during April-September 2010 was only 34,515 tons

against 36,205 tons in the corresponding period of the

previous year. This is indicative of the production during

2010-11, falling below the output of 2009-10. Loss of tapping

days and fall in output consequent on climate change is the

present challenge of the latex industry.

The fall in production has resulted in high rise in the latex

price. In 2005, average price of latex concentrate of 60% dry

rubber content was Rs.71.00 a kg. It has nearly doubled to

Rs.140 in the first week of January 2011. Price rise of latex

concentrate is a global phenomenon. In 2005, its world price

averaged at Rs.84.00 a kg while in the first week of January

36

2011, it was ruling at Rs.144.50 a kg. Fall in production in

Thailand, the main latex processing country in the world, and

in other major latex producing countries like Indonesia,

Malaysia, Vietnam, China and Liberia in the midst of rising

demand for latex products the world over, is the main reason

for price escalation. Latex concentrate is the mainstay of the

producers of thin-walled dipped goods like gloves, condoms,

catheters and hospital tubing. These are in demand in

hospitals and healthcare establishments. Products of comfort

in use like foam mattresses, pillows, foam cushions and

seating’s are also sourced in sizable quantum in healthcare

centres. Leisure goods that give joy to children like

balloons, toys and foam decorative masks also come out of

latex. Its industrial applications include industrial

adhesives, rubberized fabric products, advertising balloons

and carpet backing. Elastic threads are used in abundance in

the garments-making industry. Latex-based adhesives are used

extensively in the packing industry, in fibre bonding and in

industrial glue applications. While elastic thread units

number 58, there are 150 units to make adhesives in India.

The latex foam industry is a major consumer of latex

concentrate. Of the total consumption of 82,515 tons of latex

concentrate in 2009-10, nearly half, around 40,000 was for

making foam rubber goods. There are 154 units to produce

latex foam and 75 to produce fibre foam. Though the number of

fibre foam units is less than half of the latex foam units,

37

their latex off take is higher as most of them function in

the organized sector whereas latex foam units are

comparatively small. Demand for fibre foam mattresses far

exceeds the demand for latex foam as it is healthier and

comfortable to sleep on fibre foam with firm base and soft

surface. An equivalent quantum of latex concentrate was

consumed for production of dipped goods. They play an

important role in the healthcare sector. Rubber gloves are

the leading products among dipped goods. Examination and

surgical gloves have become essential equipment for patient

care and medical examination in hospitals where infectious

diseases are given prominence in treatment.

At present, there are 76 units to make surgical gloves and 24

to make examination gloves in India. Together with units to

produce other types of gloves like industrial gloves,

electrical gloves, fabric-supported gloves, household gloves,

postmortem gloves and specialty gloves, total number of glove

units in India has risen to 272. Most of them operate in the

small scale sector, each possessing one or two dipping plants.

Units of over a dozen dipping plants are quite low. Existence

of around half a million industrial units in the country

raises substantial demand for industrial gloves and the

numerous electrical installations throughout the length and

breadth of the country offer equally good demand for

electrical gloves.

38

With the emergence of specialty and super-specialty hospitals

and medical research institutions in India, demand for

examination and surgical gloves has considerably gone up. The

chain of healthcare establishments set up and under

establishment by CARE Hospitals, Global Group Hospitals,

Apollo Hospital, Fortis Healthcare, Wockhardt etc that offer

disease management programs for patients suffering from

chronic diseases, portend continued demand thrust for these

gloves. Modern living style diseases have made super-specialty

hospitals essential and a network of such patient care

establishments are coming up in India in addition to scores of

them already in service. These developments are quite positive

for growth of the dipped goods industry.

The hospital sector also offers good market for catheters and

hospital tubing’s. Catheter producing units number around two

dozen. India is a significant producer of prophylactics with

19 units. Domestic demand for condoms is quite strong with the

population exceeding 1,250 million and a large section in the

reproductive age. World market for condoms is stronger. A

major portion of the prophylactic production finds markets

overseas.

The healthcare sector has grown rapidly in India over the past

many years. India has now thousands of healthcare

establishments. By 2010, the number of hospitals has grown

into 12,760 with 576,793 beds. More than half of them (6,795)

39

were in rural areas with 149,690 beds. In urban centers their

number was 3,748 with 399,195 beds. Urban hospitals have

better facilities and highly qualified personnel in greater

numbers for medical service. Available data show that medical

facilities are also provided by 24,465 dispensaries, 145,894

sub centers, 23,391 primary health centers and 4,510 community

health centers. These suggest existence of an extensive

healthcare infrastructure in India. Rising income, changing

lifestyle and a growing awareness of the people about health

and hygiene have stimulated demand for medical attention. The

healthcare infrastructure has grown significantly over the

years. As income level of the middle class in India has

improved markedly of late, they can afford quality medical

treatment in hospitals with modern facilities. Growth of the

affluent population has given rise to specialty hospital

chains like Apollo, Care Hospitals, Fortis Healthcare and

Wockhardt. They are expanding the services and developing the

facilities into niche centers of excellence, to offer medical

attention corresponding to the international benchmark set by

the global medical fraternity. All these raise employment of a

large number of medical and Para medical personnel and demand

for medical and surgical gloves has gone up in tandem. Many

kinds of gloves are produced in India. Among them patient

examination and surgical gloves meant for the health care

sector leads the demand scenario.

40

Medical gloves - Two-thirds of the medical gloves used

in India are in the healthcare sector of urban areas.

Medical facilities in rural areas are provided mainly by

Government hospitals and health centers where glove use

is low. Hospitals undertaking surgical procedures are

rare in rural areas, though limited number of private

hospitals have come up of late, equipped with the

facility. Next to the hospital sector; glove use is

strong in the food industry. This sector is supported by

hotels, motels, clubs, food chains, restaurants, resorts

and conference centers. Workers in such establishments

wear gloves to keep the hands clean, free from

contamination by raw food material like meat and marine

products, and also to keep the prepared food free of

contamination of the bare hand. According to the

Federation of Hotels & Restaurant Associations of India,

more than 17 million work in the hospitality sector in

India. This is the number in the organized sector, where

use of gloves is widespread. At least an equal number

are employed in the unorganized sector. Though glove

use here is not as widespread, the requirement is not

insignificant. These show that demand for gloves in the

food industry is substantial and likely to grow

supported by the tourism industry.

Industrial gloves - Demand for industrial gloves is

quite large in India. According to the Micro, Small and

41

Medium Enterprises Ministry there is 31.15 million

micro, small and medium enterprises which employed

around 73.2 million persons during 2010-11. They

contributed 45 % to the country’s industrial output and

40% to the gross domestic product. Manufacturing

ventures among them numbered in excess of 17 million.

These do not take into account large enterprises which

contribute 55% to the industrial output of the country.

Engineers, technologists, technicians and shop floor

workers in the factories raise substantial demand for

industrial gloves. These provide grip on tools and aid

comfortable work execution leading to enhanced

productivity across diverse industrial sectors, covering

also industries connected with machinery and equipment,

metal fabrication, white goods, packaging and

transportation. Many medical institutions in the private

sector are engaged in organizing medical tourism,

further raising the glove demand. These reusable gloves

are also used in the construction industry, for marine

products handling, cleaning and in chemical handling. In

hazardous construction and building tasks, workers

encounter the risk of work place hand injury. There are

gloves designed especially for workers in the building

and construction sites. Gloves designed to protect the

everyday needs of general workers engaged in demolition,

excavation; plumbing, concrete work and equipment

42

operations are also available. There are also gloves

specially designed for plumbers, electricians,

carpenters, AC technicians and landscape workers.

Carpenters need hand protection as they generally work

with fasteners, sharp tools, timber beams, cement

sheeting, glass and composites. Work safety gloves are

also available, specially designed to protect hands

against impact, cuts and abrasions. Apart from NR latex,

synthetic material such as nitrile and polychloroprene

latex are used to make industrial gloves.

Household gloves - There are also other varieties of

gloves meant for specific use. Household gloves find

applications in millions of households across the

country, in addition to shopping malls and retail

chains. These are also reusable. Clean room gloves made

and specially washed in clean environment to guard

against traces of chemical extracts are also available.

These are used in semi conductor industry,

pharmaceutical laboratories and high technology

biotechnology laboratories. Chemical protection gloves

are also made in India, which shield hands against

chemicals and liquids. They resist varying levels of

cut, tear, abrasion, puncture and thermal hazard.

Notwithstanding the strong domestic demand, a share of

the examination, surgical and industrial gloves produced

in India find markets abroad, mainly in countries like

43

the US, Mozambique, Venezuela, Poland and Morocco.

However, the quantum of export was quite low with annual

export earnings of around US$ 25 million. Units in the

Special Economic Zones are the major exporters as they

are able to source latex from abroad without customs

duty and price the products competitively. Most often,

latex price in India rules higher than the price abroad.

From the last week of May 2012, the Indian price started

climbing over the world price and currently (July 2012)

difference between the Indian price and the world price

has been to the tune of Rs.15 a kg.

RUBBER PRODUCTION

India is the largest manufacturer of reclaim rubber.

India is the third largest producer of rubber.

India’s natural rubber ( NR) production for the year

2012-13 is provisionally estimated at 9,12,200 tons,

with slight increase of 0.9% as compared to 4.8% in

2011-12.

In production of natural rubber, India comes after

Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia and in consumption

also it ranks fourth after China, USA and Japan.

RUBBER CONSUMPTION

44

India is at fourth position in respect to

consumption of rubber goods.

India is fifth largest for natural and synthetic

rubber goods consumption.

India’s consumption of rubber rose to 9,71,980

tons in 2012-13 from 9,30,565 tone showing a

0.8% as compared to 1.8% during 2011-12.

Automotive tyre sector: 50% consumption of all

kinds of rubbers

Bicycles tyres and tubes: 15%

Footwear: 12%

Belts and hoses: 6%

Other products: 10%

There is vast scope for expansion of the glove industry in

India, giving room for the existing units with limited

capacity to enhance the scale of operation, either through

consolidation or addition to glove lines with automated

operation, to make them economically viable even in times of

stresses and strains. The new lines should be capable of

producing nitrile gloves as well, as these are in high demand

45

in the US and in the European Union. Nitrile latex is not

costly, it can be imported now (July 2012) at the same price

as of NR latex. The case of Top Gloves Corporation in

Malaysia is a classic example of how capacity addition has

contributed to tremendous organic growth. Started in 1991

with three glove lines, the corporation has successively

taken the glove lines to a massive 442 lines by 2011 and

became the topper in world production, continuing the

expansion process even in difficult times of high latex

price, high fuel cost and high wage bill. It is still

continuing the process of expansion and targets raising the

lines to 510 by 2013. Its working results were all along

positive as expansion in production brought down per unit

cost. The glove industry in India can work wonders through

capacity expansion. Domestic demand for gloves is high and

export potential is bright. There is ready availability of

the major raw material like centrifuged latex and latex

chemicals within the country. Export-oriented units can

import latex and chemicals without duty, giving at the same

time leverage to source them when the price abroad rules low.

Modernization of existing units into high-quality, state-of-

the-art production centres cannot wait further. The

opportunity to make revenue gain is round the corner, be it

in production of examination, surgical, industrial, household

or other gloves. Modernization, consolidation and capacity

addition are keys to the profitable operation of the glove

46

sector in India. Major exporters and manufacturer of gloves

in India are:-

Adithya drug lines:-

Adithya Drug Lines is one of the leading manufacturers and

exporters of dipped latex products dealing in rubber and

other material based products. Our products are highly

appreciated for providing comfort and complete protection.

Established in 2006, the company has set benchmark of

quality. The CEO, Mr. Rajesh Karattummal has indeed provided

the company a reputed name with his persistent efforts. We

are one of the leading manufacturers and exporters of

Disposable Surgeon Caps and Surgical Face Masks. :  You can

avail the following range of products, which are available at

industry leading prices:

1. Gloves

Latex Examination Gloves

Latex Powder Free Gloves

Latex Surgical Gloves

Nitrile Examination Gloves

Vinyl Gloves

RFB latex:-

Founded in 1989, RFB Latex Limited is ISO 9001 certified

company and is one of the world’s premier producers of

Nitrile Industrial Gloves, Latex Flock lined Household

Gloves, Nitrile Flock lined Gloves, Neoprene Gloves and latex

and Nitrile Disposable Gloves. All our resources and efforts

47

are focused on making the best possible glove for different

Household and Industrial applications. The company is engaged

in manufacturing world class range of Surgical Gloves. Its

product line includes:

1. Surgical Gloves

2. Household Gloves

3. Nitrile Flock lined Glove

4. X-Ray protection Glove

Anusham rubbers:

Sri Anusham is a leading manufacturer of high quality

gloves for medical, dental, pharmaceutical and many high

technology markets in India. It is in the business of

surgical & exam glove manufacturing for over 13 years.

Anusham exports to many countries including United States of

America, Canada, France, Russia, Abu Dhabi etc. In addition,

the company is also supplying to both government & private

agencies within India under the brand name “Safe for Hands”.

We are looking for distributors worldwide for our

products. Its product line includes:

1. EXAMINATION GLOVES

Ambidextrous design for exam gloves to use on either

hand

Micro-rough finish for enhanced grip

Beaded cuff for ease of wear

No powder present in powder-free gloves

48

USP grade absorbable cornstarch used for lightly

powdered gloves

Examination Gloves offered in natural latex color (Off

White)

2. SURGICAL GLOVES

Micro-rough finish for enhanced grip

Beaded cuff for ease of wear

Hand specific design for surgical gloves

Curved finger for surgical gloves providing extra

comfort

No powder present in powder-free gloves

Surgical gloves offered in natural latex color (off

white)

3.3 State

Scenario

India is the third largest producer, fourth largest consumer

of natural rubber and fifth largest consumer of natural rubber

and synthetic rubber together in the world. With around 6000

unit comprising 30 large scale, 300 medium scale and around

5600 SSI/tiny sector nits, manufacturing 35000 rubber

products, employing 400 hundred thousand people, including

around 22000 technically qualified support personnel, with a

49

turnover of Rs.200 billions and contributing Rs.40 billions to

the National Exchequer through taxes, duties and other levies,

the Indian Rubber Industry plays a core sector role in the

Indian national economy.

The wide range of rubber products manufactured by the Indian

rubber industry comprises all types of heavy duty earth moving

tyres. Auto tyres, tubes, automobile parts, footwear, belting,

hoses, cycle tyres and tubes, cables and wires, camelback,

battery boxes, latex products, pharmaceutical goods, besides

molded and extruded goods for mass consumption. The products

manufactured also cover hi-tech industrial items. The

important areas which the industry caters to include all the

three wings of defense, civil, aviation, aeronautics,

railways, agriculture, transport as also textile engineering

industries, pharmaceuticals, mines, steel plants, ports,

family planning programmers, hospitals, sports, practically to

every conceivable field. The rubber industry in India is

basically divided in two sectors - tyre and non-tyre sector

produces all types of auto tyres, conventional as well as

radial tyres and exports to advance countries like USA.

The non-tyre sector comprises the medium scale, small scale

and tiny units. It produces high technology and sophisticated

industrial products. The small scale sector accounts for over

50% of production of rubber goods in the non-tyre category.

Going by share of rubber consumption, automotive tyre sector

50

is the single largest sector accounting for about 50%

consumption of all kinds of rubbers, followed by bicycles

tyres and tubes 15% footwear12%, belts and hoses 6%, camelback

and latex products 7%. All other remaining rubber products put

together account for 10%.The plantation sector with an

estimated production of over 631 hundred thousand tons of

natural rubber and a projected production of more than one

million tons in near future, contributes to the rapid growth

of the Indian rubber industry.

Kerala, with a total area of 3.84 lakh hectares under rubber

cultivation and an annual production of 3.70 lakh tones,

produces over 90% of India's natural rubber. Of the total

area, 92 percent is represented by small holdings with an

average area of around 0.5 hectares. There are about 10 Lakh

growers and 3.5 Lakh workers engaged in the rubber sector of

which more than 90 percent belong to Kerala. A sound network

of intermediate rubber units engaged in rubber compounding,

crumb rubber manufacture etc., exist in the state.There are

some rubber industries in Kottayam like Rubco, MRF Ltd,

Intermix Factory, which are basis of Kottayam rubber industry.

Major exporters and manufacturer of gloves in India are:

Unik Surgical

UNIK SURGICALS, an ISO 13485:2003 certified company is

enthusiastically engaged in the manufacturing and

exporting of Textured Latex Examination Gloves and Latex

51

Surgical Rubber Gloves. We have carved a niche in this

arena as one of the foremost Disposable Latex Examination

Gloves Manufacturers in India. UNIK SURGICALS was

established in the year 2007 to deliver excellent quality

surgical and examination gloves. We have steeped the

ladder of success under the wise guidance and vigilance of

our Proprietor, Mr. Georgekutty Manuel. UNIK SURGICALS is

a front-runner in the dome of manufacturing and exporting

of:-

a) Latex Surgical Gloves

b) Latex Examination Gloves 

Asma rubber products (P) Ltd:-

Asma Rubber Products Pvt. Ltd. is a 100% export oriented unit

situated in Cochin Special Economic Zone, under the Ministry

of Commerce Government of India, for the manufacture and

export of Latex Examination Gloves and Latex Surgical Gloves

since 1988.  It was the first unit to manufacture Latex

Gloves in CSEZ.  The company employs about 120 workers on an

average of 99.6% of its production capacity, which is 36

million pieces of latex examination gloves or 15 million

pairs of latex surgical gloves Our Gloves are lubricated with

International Medical Grade Powder.  We equally specialize in

supply of powder free chlorinated smooth/rough surface

gloves. Company offers following product.

52

a) Latex Surgical Gloves

For Surgeons, Physicians, Pathologists, Emergency

Departments., Intensive Care Departments., Nursing Homes,

Health Care Centre and Others.

b) Latex Examination Gloves

For Nurses, Clinical Laboratories, Autopsy, House Keepers,

Para Medical Staff like Dietitian and Hospital Workers,

Dental Surgeons, Pharmaceutical & Drug Formulation Personnel,

Medical Appliances, Food Packers, Electronic Industry, Clean

Rooms, Hair Cutters, Etc.

Safe Shield India rubber Products (p) ltd.

Safe shield subscribes to a philosophy "Quest for

Excellence" which ensures that its customers received

not only a good quality product but also excellent

service. Safe shield believes in cost effectiveness

through effective operations, timely deliveries and

prompt correspondence. 100% customer satisfaction is our

primary motto. The "Quest for Excellence" has earned

us the prestigious ISO 9001: 2000 certificate from TUV

Suddeutschland, Germany and registration of our factory

with US FDA – 510K. The Sterile and Non-Sterile products

are CE - Certified. Indian Rubber Board has examined our

gloves and confirmed that our Surgical and Examination

gloves meet ASTM D 3577 and D3578, EN 455 standards.

Product range includes Powder-free Latex Examination

Gloves, Powder-free Low-Protein Latex Examination

53

gloves, Pre-powdered Examination Gloves, Powder-free

Surgical Gloves, Pre-powdered Surgical Gloves,

Gynecological Gloves and General Purpose Gloves

Chapter 454

Company Profile

4.1 Primus Gloves Company

Limited

PRIMUS GLOVES PRIVATE LIMITED was established in 1st January

1998. At that time the company was known by the name FITCO

DIPPED PRODUCTS PRIVATE LIMITED. The company was commissioned

for commercial production in April 2000. PRIMUS GLOVES

PRIVATE LIMITED is one of the largest manufactures of

surgical and examination gloves in India. It is a 100% export

55

oriented unit manufacturing premium quality gloves with the

production capacity of 6 million pieces of medical gloves per

month. Surgical gloves have a size varying from 6 inches to

9.5 inches. But in the case of examination gloves it has only

three size- lower, middle, and higher size. The product

conforming on international standards are packed as per

customer requirements and shipped.

PRIMUS has a well-equipped laboratory for testing the

product in each stage. Main raw materials used for production

are latex, sulphur, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, ZMT, ZDC

etc. Latex compound recipe is designed to avoid any allergic

residuals and no nitro satables are present in the compound.

Every lot of the product is sampled as per ISO 2859 and

checked for conformance or standards. .

Primus has a well-equipped laboratory for testing raw

material, in process materials, packing materials and the

final product prior to its usage latex from selected clones

is used for production, ensuring consistent quality products

with low residual proteins. Latex compound recipe is designed

to avoid any allergic residuals and no nitro stables are

present in the compound. Every lot of the product is sampled

as per ISO 2859 and checked for conformance or standards.

The product is being exported to USA, Europe, Middle East,

and African countries. The company has plans to diversify

into various premium grades of rubber gloves. The company was

56

certified ISO 9002:9004 by DNV in May 2001 and has attained

CE certificate on September 2001. The certification has being

upgraded to the latest version of ISO 9001:2000 in March

2003. The company was entitled ISO 13485:2003 in July 2004

and recertified in 2007 & 2010 and is valid up to August

2013. The company has being inspected by FDA in February 2005

and in August 2010.

Primus is a private limited company and has one managing

director and one General Manager. Mr. Joseph. J .Pereria is

the Managing Director and Mr. Jayashankar is the General

Manager of the company.

The company has a track record of 10 years in this field. The

company has plans to diversify into various premium grades of

rubber gloves. Primus, with its past experience has upgraded

its glove manufacturing facility and technology well

supported by trained and qualified work force. Primus

business philosophy is to deliver goods of the HIGHEST

QUALITY at the MOST COMPETITIVE PRICES to the ENTIRE

SATISFACTION of their customers.

Promoters of the Company : a) Mr.J.J.Pereira

b) Mrs.Lizbeth Pereira

Date of incorporation : 01 January 1998

57

4.2 History of the

company

Primus Gloves Private Limited is an Indian owned company

established in the year 1998, engaged in the manufacture and

export of Medical Gloves based at Cochin Special Economic

Zone, Cochin, Kerala INDIA. At the beginning the company was

known by the name Fitco Dipped Products Private Ltd.

Manufacturing coir and rubber based products. Later, the name

of the company has been changed to Primus Gloves Private Ltd.

Primus has been certified for ISO 13485: 2003 & all

products have CE Certification. All the products of Primus

confirm to US FDA Standards and registered with US FDA. US

FDA Inspectors inspected the plant on Feb, 05 and the

facility was approved for compliance to the Quality System

Regulation (QSR) of the USFDA. All our products have passed

the Dermal Sensitization tests & Skin irritation tests.

Primus has been certified for ISO 13485:2003 & our products

have CE certification. The Company is registered under the

company’s act 1956. Primus introduces the ‘Single Window

Shopping’ concept for gloves with diversity in its products.

Vision

58

Primus Gloves Private Limited is committed towards the full

satisfaction of our customers, by continual improvement of

our products and processes.

Quality policy

We believe in and strive for the involvement

of every member of the company in quality

improvement procedures and shall maintain the

effectiveness of the processes.

We shall endeavor to develop the necessary

skills and shall build an attitude essential

for a proactive work culture.

We shall operate under dynamic quality system

complying with the requirements of ISO

13485:2003 for all operations and additionally

that of US FDA QSR for medical devices

operations.

Company Logo

“With PRIMUS it is always more than just CARE”.

Quality Certification

Primus Commitment to excellence in the quality has

earned certification from leading international

assessment bodies.

59

a) Certified ISO 13485:2003 by Det Norske Certification as,

Norway

b) Conforms to CE marking requirements.

c) Us FDA 510(K) NUMBER FOR VARIOUS PRODUCTS.

Ownership status : PrivateCompany

Capital structure

Share capital -

211000 equity share of Rs. 100 each

Unsecured loans - loan

from director

4.3 Products of the company

Pre-powdered

a) Sterile long Cuff Gloves Elbow length

b) Sterile Latex surgical gloves

c) Sterile Latex Surgical Gloves – Low Protein

d) Sterile Latex Examination Gloves – Pairs and

Single

e) Sterile Vinyl Gloves

Powder free

a) Sterile Long Cuff Gloves Elbow length

60

b) Sterile Latex Surgical Gloves – Polymer

Coated

c) Sterile Nitrite Long Cuff Gloves.

d) Sterile Vinyl Examination Gloves

STERILE Natural Rubber Latex Gloves (Surgical &

Examination)

Surgical gloves are designed to protect Surgeons in operating

room/ environments. The primary purpose of surgical gloves is

to act as a protective barrier for surgeons and nurses to

prevent possible transmission of diseases or pathogens during

procedures while working with surgical instruments. During

operating process Natural Rubber Latex Surgical gloves

provide comfort and tactile sensitivity while providing

barrier protection to the surgeons and nurses. Currently,

choosing the right surgical gloves will be very difficult

looking in to the surplus options available. There is no

glove that is right for everyone. When considering which

surgical glove to use, the protection level and exact fit

will be one of the most important attributes to look at as

well as which surgical procedure the gloves will be used for.

There has been many non latex glove alternatives to natural

rubber latex gloves but natural rubber latex gloves has not

yet been replaced as the alternatives could not match the

fine control or greater sensitivity to touch available with

61

natural rubber latex gloves. Moreover, natural rubber gloves

are eco- friendly and hence disposable.

Surgical Gloves

PRIMUS manufactures Sterile Latex Surgical Gloves for use in

Surgeons Operating Room / Environments. Surgical gloves have

more precise sizing (from size 5.5 to size 9) and are of

higher specifications. These gloves are anatomic in shape and

fits perfectly to the surgeon’s hand   enabling him to get a

better grip and functionality   while   performing surgery. 

Primus manufactures both Powdered Surgeons Gloves and Powder

FREE Surgeons gloves. Powder Free Surgeons Gloves are

basically used by surgeons who are prone to protein allergy

by latex. Primus also manufactures Powder FREE Surgeons

Gloves which are Polymer Coated which helps for easy donning

of the glove by the surgeons. The Surgeons Gloves are

basically beaded in nature, but   some European countries

demand Non Beaded Gloves. These types of Gloves are also

manufactured by Primus based on minimum order quality

levels.  The Powdered Surgeons Gloves are   sterilized by EO

(Ethylene Oxide Gas) and Powder FREE by Gamma radiation. 

Packing of the glove is based on specifications by the

customer.

Examination Gloves

62

PRIMUS also manufactures Sterile Latex Examination Gloves

which provides a perfect barrier while handling a patient.

These gloves come mainly in 3 sizes viz. Small, Medium &

Large. Extra small and Extra Large are also available but the

demand. Sterile Examination Gloves are used in operating

rooms environment by nurses who support the surgeons, but not

involved in the operating process.  This type of glove is

cheaper compared to surgical gloves. These gloves come both

in Powdered and Powder FREE versions, ambidextrous in nature.

These gloves are sterilized by EO (Ethylene Oxide Gas).

Packing of the glove is based on specifications by the

customer.

Latex Long Cuff Gloves

PRIMUS has come up with a new type of gloves called STERILE

LONG CUFF GLOVES which have got multipurpose usage in medical

industry as well as the pharmaceutical industry.   These

gloves are made up of natural rubber latex and as the name

suggests is longer than the normal gloves.  These gloves come

in two lengths of 16 inches and 18 inches.

Both Powdered and Powder FREE, ambidextrous in nature. In

medical field this product can be used as a Gynecology

Gloves, Oncology Labs, Old age homes etc and in the

pharmaceutical industry, this is used for handling

63

formulations, tablets etc. The Powder FREE version comes with

Polymer Coating also. The Powdered Gloves are   sterilized by

EO (Ethylene Oxide Gas) and Powder FREE by Gamma radiation. 

Packing of the glove is based on specifications by the

customer. NON Sterile version of this product is also

available.

Examination gloves

Latex long cuff gloves

64

POWDER FREE Multipurpose

Long Cuff Gloves

65

Raw Materials

Some of the materials used by the company for production of

gloves:

Latex

Titanium oxide

Zinc oxide potassium.

Hydroxide

Calcium carbonate

Sulphur

Terric

Import /Export market

Exported to: USA, France, Italy, Uganda, Argentina,UAE,

Australia,

Indonesia, Greece, Turkey, Israel.

Imported from: Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Portugal,

Germany, South

Africa.

Competitors

Primus has competitors both from domestic and international

market. The following are some of the competitors of the

company.

66

Domestic Market

a) Kanan latex industries pvt ltd - Kottayam

b) RFB latex -

Delhi

c) Vijay latex -

Gujarat

d) Anusham rubbers -

Nagarcovil

e) New life -

Delhi

International Market

a) Ansell

b) Sempermed - Austria

c) Top gloves -

Malaysia

d) Cardinal health -

USA

Promotion Strategy

The following are the promotional efforts taken by the

company to promote their products in the world market:

a) Website and brochures

b) Registered with export promotional council- rubber

board.

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c) CAPEXIL-is an export promoting organization, which will

help the registered companies in generating potential,

enquires.

d) Medica Maze Dezegale is the world’s largest medical

show, which is conducted every year in Germany. Primus

gloves take part in this show every year.

Pricing Strategy

The price of the product is determined with respect of the

price of latex, fuel cost, production cost, packing cost,

transportation charges, wages, profit margin and dollar

exchange value.

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4.4

Organizational Chart

69

DIRECTOR

EXECUTIVEMARKETING

MANAGER GENERALMANAGER

SYSTEMADMINISTRA

MANAGERPRODUCTION

EXECUTIVECOMMERCIAL

EXECUTIVE-MAINTENANCE

EXECUTIVEHR

MANAGERFINANCE

Sr. EXECUTIVE

EXECUTIVE –

INSPECTION & PACKAGING

EXECUTIVEPRODUCTION

ASSISTANTCOMMERCIAL

SUPERVISOR-MAINTENENCE

PRESONNELOFFICER

EXECUTIVEACCOUNTS

ACCOUNTS ASSISTANTCASHIER

ECECUTIVE -DOCUMENTATION & RA

CHEMIST

QUALITY ASSURANCEASSISTANT

LABASSISTANT

Departmental Details

Primus Gloves Private Limited consists of mainly ten

departments. Each department’s role is very important to

achieve the company’s objective. The different departments

are:

Production Department

Personnel Department

Finance Department

Marketing Department

Quality Assurance Department

Inspection Department

Maintenance Department

Commercial Department

Stores Department

Systems department

Production Department

70

This department deals with all production related matters

like fixing daily targets, monthly target, to see whether raw

latex, process materials, chemicals, product and packing

materials meets the required specifications etc.

Department Structure

71

DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

PRODUCTION MANAGER

PLANNING EXECUTIVE

SHIFT IN CHARGE

Departmental Function

Ensuring raw latex, process materials, chemicals,

product and packing materials meets the required

specifications.

Preparation of dispersion and compounding

Planning and execution of production activities like

compounding, glove production, chlorination, inspection,

walleting, packing, sterilization and dispatch.

Ensuring timely provisioning and maintenance of

production process, chemicals and other materials to

achieve the planned output both in terms of productivity

and quality.

Establishing and maintaining process control at all

required stages of production as per laid down

procedure.

In process quality checks and monitoring process.

Analysis of process data and interpretation.

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EXECUTIVE INSPECTION

& PACKING

Implementation of various process activities.

Ensuring, timely provisioning and maintenance of

production process, chemicals and other materials to

achieve the planned output both in terms of productivity

and quality.

Ensuring that, the products are produced as per the

approved process procedure.

Maintain all machinery and equipment for proper running.

Maintain storage conditions at all designation areas.

Maintain and upkeep of quality documents

Production Process

Various steps involved in the manufacturing of gloves are

illustrated in the process flow chart given below. Chemicals

such as Sulphure, titanium dioxide, zinc dioxide, wing stay-

LZMBT, ZDEC and Tamol are properly ground in a pearl mill and

with latex in mixing tank with agitator. The mixing tank

contains 171 kg of chemicals in paste form and 14 drums each

weighing 194 kg of latex. The solution is filtered and taken

to the latex dipping tank. Porcelain moulds are washed and

cleaned and then dip them in a coagulant solution. The

coagulants will cause a relatively thick solid deposit of

latex congeal on the surface of the moulds.

The moulds are the dried under hot air and taken to the latex

dipping tank. The moulds are then passed through gelatin

dipping tank; lift up slowly in order to prevent the emulsion

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and liquid from dipping too. The moulds are then moved out of

dipping tank and are dried with hot air. It is then taken to

the tip bead winding unit.

The gloves are then vulcanized at a temperature of 100-130

degree Celsius. It’s then steamed in the vulcanizing oven.

After this the gloves are washed with hot water to remove the

protein. To keep them clean and easy removal from the moulds,

cornstarch is sprayed on the gloves, to remove the moisture

and to prevent the outside of the gloves from sticking

together when stripped. The gloves are then released from the

moulds manually. The stripped gloves are then put in the

different trays according to their size and passed on to

inspection.

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Post Production Process

i. Quality Assurance Department

QA is more than just testing the quality of aspects of a

product, service or facility, it analyzes the quality to make

sure it conforms to specific requirements and comply with

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established plans. The gloves produced in the company are of

three types. They are Type-A, Type-B and Type-C. Among these

three gloves Type –A is meant for exporting and Type-B & C are

for domestic purpose. The firm gives 100% quality products to

the customer.

The QA department assures that all the raw materials such as

latex and chemicals satisfy the standards as soon as the

consignment reaches Primus. Before taking in the raw

materials the raw materials are checked for quality in the

lab, if the raw material does not satisfy the set standards,

it is rejected. The QA department also takes care of the

inspection, walletting and pouching.

ii. Inspection

Inspection is checking and grading the gloves into A

grade, B grade and rejected groups. A grade quality is

used for exporting; B grade is used for being distributed

in the domestic market for being used by automobile

workers, mechanics and others. The rejected ones are sold

to chapel companies such as Paragon, Lunar etc. as crumb

rubber. They convert these gloves into a form feasible for

them and use it in manufacturing chapels. Inspection is

done by

1. Air checking``

2. Manual / visual checking

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iii. Walletting

The A grade gloves from the inspection department are

walletted. The gloves are walletted by folding it in a

special manner so that it is convenient for the user to wear

it, into special paper wallets. These wallets have two

pouches one for the right glove and one for the left glove.

The workers sit in pairs and one worker places the glove in

the left pouch and the other worker places the glove in the

right pouch.

iv. Pouching and Packing

After walletting, the walleted gloves are sending for

pouching. Pouching can be of two types, cut open pouching and

peel open pouching. Pouching is done by a pouching machine in

which a role of poly coated paper forms the front side of the

pouch and bactic role (for a cut open pouch) or a grid locker

(for a peel open pouch) forms the back side of the pouch. The

two roles of paper are arranged in such a way that it comes

in the right form. Then the two papers along with the wallet

are pressed using another machine at a temperature of 1700 so

that the two papers stick together and form a pouch. Finally

it is cut into pouches. The pouches are packed according to

the requirements of the customers into small inner boxes and

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then into larger carton boxes, and then send for

sterilization.

v. Sterilization:

Sterilization is a term referring to any process that

eliminates or kills all forms of life, including

transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore

forms, etc.) present on a surface, contained in a fluid, in

medication, or in a compound such as biological culture

media. Sterilization can be achieved by applying the proper

combinations of heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure,

and filtration. Two types of sterilization are used in

PRIMUS:

1. EO – Ethylene Oxide Sterilization

EO gas is commonly used to sterilize objects sensitive

to temperatures greater than 60 °C or radiation such

as plastics, optics and electrics. Ethylene oxide

treatment is generally carried out between 30 °C and 60

°C with relative humidity above 30% and a gas

concentration between 200 and 800 mg/l, and typically

lasts for at least three hours. Ethylene oxide

penetrates well, moving through paper, cloth, and some

plastic films and is highly effective. EO can kill all

known viruses, bacteria and fungi, including bacterial

spores and is compatible with most materials (e.g. of

78

medical devices), even when repeatedly applied. However,

it is highly flammable, toxic and carcinogenic.

2. R – Gamma Radiation

Gamma rays are very penetrating and are commonly used

for sterilization of disposable medical equipment, such

as syringes, needles, gloves, cannulas and IV sets. Gamma

radiation requires bulky shielding for the safety of the

operators; they also require storage of a radioisotope,

which continuously emits gamma rays. Mostly the customers

demand EO sterilization, but R sterilization is also done

if demanded. EO sterilization is cheaper than R

sterilization.

Table1: Raw Materials Used and It’s Purpose

RAW LATEX MAIN RAW MATERIAL

SULPHURE CURING

ZMBT AND ZDEC ACCELERATOR

ZNO – ACTIVATOR ACTIVATOR

WINGSTAYL ANIOXIDENT

TITANIUM DIOXIDE PIGMENT

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POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE LATEX STABILIZER

CORN STARCH DUST

CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATED FORM

CALCIUM NITRATE COAGULANT

TERRIC

FREESIL

WETTING AGENT

DEFORMER

TAMOL DISPERSING AGENT

METASOLONE BACTERICIDE

AMMONIA NEUTRALISER

SODIUM TIOSULPHATE NEUTRALISER

HYDROCHLORIC ACID ,NITRIC

ACID ,SODIUM HYDROCLORITE

SODIUM HYDROXIDE FORMER CLEANING AGENT

STICK GUARD POLYMER COAT

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BLEACHING POWDER FORMER CLEANING

Carbital – latex filler Latex filler

Farsperse blue Coloring agent

Table 2: Raw Material Suppliers List

IMERYS MINERALS CARBITAL

CRUSADER CHEMICALS FREESIL

SARIGA ENTERPRISIS AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE

STERLING CHEMICALS CALCIUM NITRATE

THE KERALA MINERALS AND METALS LTD. TITANIM DIOXIDE

VYSHAK CHEMICALS CALCIUM NITRATE

THE WEAVER ANTI BLOCK

BRIGHTEN TECHNOLOGIES ZINC OXIDE

SPECIALITY ORGANICS METASOLONE

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SOUTHERN MINERALS AND CHEMICALS SULPHURE

TAMIL NADU CHEMICALS SODIUM TRIOSULPHATE

RAMNATHA AND COMPANY POTASSIUM NITROXIDE

MERCHEM LTD. ZDEC

Table 3: Products of the Company

PRE – POWDERED POWDER FREE

a) Extend-Sterile Long cuff

gloves

b) Latex surgical gloves –

non- beaded

c) Latex surgical gloves-

beaded

d) Sterile Latex Examination

Gloves

e) Sterile Latex Surgical

Orthopedic Gloves

a) Extend - Sterile Long Cuff

Gloves

b) Latex Surgical Gloves -

Non-Beaded

c) Polymer Coated Latex

Surgical Gloves - Beaded

d) Sterile Latex Examination

Gloves

e) Sterile Vinyl Examination

Gloves

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f) Sterile Latex Microsurgery

Gloves

STERILE Natural Rubber Latex Gloves (Surgical & Examination)

Surgical gloves are designed to protect Surgeons in operating

room/ environments. The primary purpose of surgical gloves is

to act as a protective barrier for surgeons and nurses to

prevent possible transmission of diseases or pathogens during

procedures while working with surgical instruments. During

operating process Natural Rubber Latex Surgical gloves

provide comfort and tactile sensitivity while providing

barrier protection to the surgeons and nurses. Currently,

choosing the right surgical gloves will be very difficult

looking in to the surplus options available. There is no

glove that is right for everyone. When considering which

surgical glove to use, the protection level and exact fit

will be one of the most important attributes to look at as

well as which surgical procedure the gloves will be used for.

There has been many non-latex glove alternatives to natural

rubber latex gloves but natural rubber latex gloves has not

yet been replaced as the alternatives could not match the

fine control or greater sensitivity to touch available with

natural rubber latex gloves. Moreover, natural rubber gloves

are eco- friendly and hence disposable.

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Surgical Gloves

PRIMUS manufactures Sterile Latex Surgical Gloves for use in

Surgeons Operating Room / Environments. Surgical gloves have

more precise sizing (from size 5.5 to size 9) and are of

higher specifications. These gloves are anatomic in shape and

fits perfectly to the surgeons’ hand enabling him to get a

better grip and functionality while performing surgery.

Primus manufactures both Powdered Surgeons Gloves and Powder

FREE Surgeons gloves. Powder Free Surgeons Gloves are

basically used by surgeons who are prone to protein allergy

by latex. Primus also manufactures Powder FREE Surgeons

Gloves which are Polymer Coated which helps for easy donning

of the glove by the surgeons. The Surgeons Gloves are

basically beaded in nature, but some European countries

demand Non Beaded Gloves. These types of Gloves are also

manufactured by Primus based on minimum order quality levels.

The Powdered Surgeons Gloves are sterilized by EO (Ethylene

Oxide Gas) and Powder FREE by Gamma radiation. Packing of the

glove is based on specifications by the customer.

Examination Gloves

PRIMUS also manufactures Sterile Latex Examination Gloves

which provides a perfect barrier while handling a patient.

These gloves come mainly in 3 sizes viz. Small, Medium &

Large. Extra small and Extra Large are also available but the

demand. Sterile Examination Gloves are used in operating

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rooms environment by nurses who support the surgeons, but not

involved in the operating process. This type of glove is

cheaper compared to surgical gloves. These gloves come both

in Powdered and Powder FREE versions, ambidextrous in nature.

These gloves are sterilized by EO (Ethylene Oxide Gas).

Packing of the glove is based on specifications by the

customer.

Latex Long Cuff Gloves

PRIMUS has come up with a new type of gloves called STERILE

LONG CUFF GLOVES which have got multipurpose usage in medical

industry as well as the pharmaceutical industry. These gloves

are made up of natural rubber latex and as the name suggests

is longer than the normal gloves. These gloves come in two

lengths of 16 in and 18 in., both Powdered and Powder FREE,

ambidextrous in nature. In medical field this product can be

used as a Gynecology Gloves, Oncology Labs, Old age homes

etc. and in the pharmaceutical industry, this is used for

handling formulations, tablets etc. The Powder FREE version

comes with Polymer Coating also. The Powdered Gloves are

sterilized by EO (Ethylene Oxide Gas) and Powder FREE by

Gamma radiation. Packing of the glove is based on

specifications by the customer. Non Sterile version of this

product is also available.

Waste Management

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Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,

recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The

term usually relates to materials produced by human activity,

and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health,

the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also

carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management

can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances,

with different methods and fields of expertise for each.

i. Glove Waste

Waste management in Primus is well arranged. Wastage of raw

materials does not happen because they are tested right when

the consignment arrives and rejected if it doesn’t satisfy

the standards. Wastage of the manufactured gloves are allowed

to a certain extend i.e. 4% of the gloves can be allowed as

stripping waste. While inspection is undertaken, 2% of the

gloves can be allowed as waste.

The waste gloves are either sold to rubber chapel makers such

as Paragon or Lunars or else it is sold in the domestic

market not to be used for medical purposes, for uses such as

automobile workers etc.

ii. Packing Materials Waste

Normally 2.5% is allowed for packing material, caused due to

the packing machine. According to the size of the

consignments the percentage of wastage allowed varies.

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Production Planning

The company has put in place an elaborate process control

system based on manual data entry of forms. Right from the

time the gloves are stripped of the production line to the

packaging stage, a systematic and sequential system is

followed to capture data and to control quality of the final

product. The company has an EDP section that handles the

information requirement of the management. Most of the

functional areas are yet to be computerized.

The company has the capacity of producing 1, 60,000 pieces

of gloves daily, i.e. it produces around 80,000 pairs of

gloves each day. The company gets orders from abroad as well

as within India.

Planning starts right from the time of purchasing raw

materials. If the raw materials are scarce, it is stocked as

inventory otherwise the raw materials are purchased according

to the orders obtained and a vision about the orders the

company would get.

Types of Planning

Customer planning: planning is done according to the

orders the company expects form its regular customers.

Order planning: planning according to the orders placed.

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Material requirement planning: planning according to the

orders, about the amount of raw materials needed for

producing the goods and meeting the requirements of the

customers.

Inventory planning: planning with a speculation about

the variation in price of the raw materials and stocking

accordingly.

The company tries to meet the orders of its customers

before date. When the orders are obtained, the company

makes plans to produce the goods within 15 to 25 days. If

the orders exceed the producing limit of the company then

the company purchases the product from outside or out

sources its task.

The company outsources its orders to ‘Lallan Rubbers’, Sri

Lanka. In case of emergency, the company imports gloves

from Malaysia and Thailand. Vinyl gloves are purchased

from China.

If the company is urgently in need of gloves then it

purchases gloves from other glove manufacturing companies

within SEZ such as True Skin Gloves and Beeta Health Care.

Export Planning

88

MRP has to be satisfied and gap has to be minimized. TQM

has to be worked out right from the beginning in such a

way that it meets the requirements.

The company exports huge consignments i.e. a 20 foot

consignment which means that the consignment would possess

1, 60,000 – 20, 00,000 pairs of gloves or a 40 foot

consignment i.e. a consignment which contains 3, 00,000 –

40, 30,000 pairs of gloves.

The company promotes those customers who are capable of

taking such huge consignments because it would be

profitable for the company only if they export huge

consignments.

Warehouse Management

A warehouse management system is a key part of the supply

chain and primarily aims to control the movement and storage

of materials within a warehouse and process the associated

transactions, including shipping, receiving, put away and

picking.

The systems also direct and optimize stock put away based on

real-time information about the status of bin utilization.

The chemicals are stored in chemical room near

production

Packing materials are stored in three separate rooms

89

Latex is stored in a huge latex tank in the go down; the

latex in the tank is continuously stirred.

Inventory Management

It is a list of goods and materials to the goods and

materials themselves, especially those held available in

stock by a business. It is equivalent to the term "stock". In

accounting, inventory or stock is considered an asset.

Inventory management is primarily about specifying the shape

and percentage of stocked goods. It is required at different

locations within a facility or within many locations of a

supply network to precede the regular and planned course of

production and stock of materials.

Inventory management is a complex process.

Latex is purchased from local market only if there is a

scarcity in the international market.

Latex is not stocked for more than one month because of

the fluctuating prices.

The packing materials such Poly coated Paper (PE) is

stored as inventory as it is imported.

Chemicals such as Calcium Carbonate and nitrate are also

stocked as inventory as it is not easily available.

90

Table 4: Chemicals in Store

Chemicals Stored For Two

Months:

Chemicals stored for Fifteen

to One Month

Calcium Nitrate - from

Ahmadabad

Calcium Carbonate - from

Malaysia

Wingstyle - from France

Carbital - from

Malaysia

Zinc Oxide - from

Taiwan

ZDEC

ZMPT

KOH

Nitric Acid

Ammonia

Chlorine

Titanium Dioxide

91

Personnel Department

The personnel department is responsible for hiring,

training and placing employees and for setting policies for

personnel management. Goals and objectives of Personnel

Department

Modern HRM has a holistic towards its goals i.e. it tries to

maintain equilibrium among organizational, personal and

social interests. Conscious efforts are taken to match the

interest of all the three. The company’s very objective is to

serve the society and it’s the society that helps the company

to sustain its growth. So the company must relate the

products and service to sustainable development of the

society.

Department Structure

92

DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

EXECUTIVE PERSONNEL

ASSISTANT

Departmental Function

Proper requirement analysis and man power allocation

Maintaining personal files of all staff.

Preparation and monitoring of statutory works like P.F

Payment. Monthly

o returns, annual returns (PF), ESI Payments, half

yearly returns etc

Preparation and monitoring of statutory works

Wages and salary functions

Housekeeping in the company like fumigation activities,

pest and rodent

control, cleaning hygiene etc and ensure

adherence to GMP guidelines and

Procedures

Welfare activities like counseling, medical checkup,

accident claims etc.

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Proper recruitment and manpower allocation

Recruitment which is conducted should be perfect and

this is to be allocated in a proper manner. These

activities should be performed very carefully then only

resource of the company can be utilized completely.

Maintaining personnel files of all staff

In the company there is file for each staff performance,

on this base appraisals are done. In this organization

performance appraisal are maintained for the first six

months of an employee in the organization.

Preparation of statuary report.

Preparation of statuary report for employee, state

insurance, P.F, professional tax statement. It is mainly

done by executive personal.

Environmental Control and House keeping

The propose of this procedure is to establish a system

for controlling the work area and improve the hygiene so

as to control the cleanliness and Bio-burden level of

the product. This procedure is applicable for all areas

where environmental control and hygiene is critical.

Personal officer is responsible.

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Procedure:

The work areas and premises are designed and maintained as

per the relevant specifications. Controlled environment areas

are designed to have temperature control, positive pressure

and prevention of ingress for external air.

Each work area has separate place for keeping non-conforming

products pending recheck, scrap to be disposed off,

production tools and accessories, material transfer equipment

and cleaning devices, the material falling into each category

shall be kept in the designated places.

The entry and movements in controlled areas are regulated and

the rules to be observed in these areas are prominently

displayed at the entrance. These rules are applicable to all

the workers and visitors also.

The scrap materials generated in each area shall be collected

in a particular container and deposited in the scrap yard.

The factory premises shall be covered by asphalted roads and

green turfs so that dust generation from the open earth is

kept to the minimum.

The work areas, storage areas and premises of the factory

shall be cleaned at planed intervals.

The regular cleaning of the production line, inspection

lines, formers and machinery shall be carried out by the

respective operating personnel.

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Cleaning activities are designed to have minimum dust

generation. Accordingly no sweeping is allowed in the shop

floor.

Cleaning record is kept with administrative departments.

Welfare measures

Welfare activity like counseling, medical checkup, accident

claims these activities should be carried down with proper

study because if this is not managed properly will result in

employees grievances. The following are the employee welfare

measures of Primus Gloves Private Limited:

Leave facility

Medical facility

Employee state insurance facility

Canteen facility

Uniforms in the work place

Employee provident fund

Over time benefits

Health measures:

The purpose of this procedure is to establish a system

for health of personnel who comes in contract with the

product. This procedure is applicable for the entire

product manufactured by the company. Executive- HR is

responsible for this process.96

Procedure:

All the workers who are involved in the inspection of

gloves are checked for their eyesight and the details

are recorded.

The personnel handling the product undergo medical

checkup the details are recorded in their personal file.

Training

The purpose of this procedure is to identify the training

needs of the personnel and to provide the required training

to them. This procedure is applicable to all personnel whose

work or activities may affect the product quality/ quality

system. Executive – HR/ personnel officer is responsible for

training.

Procedure

New recruitments are given induction training at appropriate

duration, exposing him/her to all related jobs and tasks.

Head of Department certifies the effectiveness of the

training and the person is put on the job and after this

records of induction training are maintained.

The Executive – HR will conduct the training program as

scheduled in the training calendar.

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The topics of the training program will be conveyed to the

employees

Any suggestions from the department shall be analyzed and

incorporated into the training program based on the

requirement.

Details of training imparted to each employee shall be

maintained by Executive-HR in the training record.

The training program conducted shall be evaluated by the

trained and the evaluation from submitted to his/her

superior.

The employee shall state in his/her feedback form.

The respective departments head shall forward the feedback of

the program and suggestion regarding improvement to the

Executive-HR

The Executive –HR shall go through the suggestions and take

necessary action so as to make the training program more

interesting and effective.

Recruitment

Recruitment is basically done through direct interview. The

company will give ads to the news papers and the candidate

those who are qualified is directly call for direct

interview. The selected candidate will be undergone for

further medical check-up and finally an induction class and

orientation class is given by the various department heads.

Employee counseling

98

The employees in primus are given chances for counseling in

every six months or and when required by a qualified doctor.

If the doctor finds anyone requiring further counseling he

will inform the respective authority and they will undertake

necessary steps.

Duties and responsibilities

Executive personnel (HR)

Coordinate and maintain a database for the recruitment

training, performance appraisal and record of all the

employees.

Preparation of statutory reports to Employee State Insurance

(ESI), Returns, provident fund (PF), Professional tax

statements etc.

Schedule and arrangement of training, induction programs for

the employees.

Coordinate the security arrangement of the company.

Verification of monthly wages and salary statement and

distribution of salary.

Maintain personal files of employees of the company.

Schedule and arrange training programs for the employees.

Maintain and preparation of all required quality system

procedures, work instruction form.

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Coordinate and execute the welfare activities like medical

checkups, first aid, provide uniform, counseling and accident

claims follow up etc.

Implementation of housekeeping practices to ensure adherence

to GMP guidelines and procedures.

Preparation of housekeeping schedule and fumigation

activities, pest and robent control.

Preparation of monthly report and submit to the management

for review.

Assistant Personnel

Preparing returns like PF, ESI, labor welfare etc.

Provide all assistance to executive personnel.

Preparation of daily punching reports.

Updating of PL Register.

Preparation of ESI & PF Chelan.

Maintain and updating of attendance register.

Preparing documents related to LIC cutting and home loans.

Reports to executive personnel.

Finance Department

100

DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

ACCOUNTS MANAGER

ACCOUNTANT

Finance is the back bone of every business organization.

The finance department is one of the most important

departments in a business, as it helps provide the financing

and accounting information necessary to make various

decisions. This department deals with all types of accounts.

Managing director is the head of this department. All

financial transactions of Primus are dealt by State Bank of

India, Kaloor.

Department Structure

101

CASHIER ACCOUNTS ASSISTANT

Departmental Function

Preparation of balance sheet and trial balance.

Finalization of accounts

Budget preparation

Finance activities like monthly financial statement,

cash flow, turnover, reconciliation, TDS annual

returns etc.

Opening of letter of credit.

Compliance of statutory requirement like sales tax,

financial institutions, company act etc.

Preparation of balance sheet and trail balance

For perfect accuracy of the books of accounts trial

balance and balance sheet are prepared, thus it will

help in the internal auditing purpose. It is been

prepared by assistant accountant.

Finalization of accounts

Accounts are monitored and facilitated in such a

manner that every transaction’s are accurate and

102

specific to the finalization of accounts. It is done

by the accounts manager.

Budget preparation

Future estimate of funds necessary for implementation

of activities that contribute to the planning and

allocation of funds for various processes. Budget is

made on the basis of previous year’s transaction and

the cost of changes of raw materials.

Execution of Financial activities

Financial activities like monthly statement, turn

over, reconciliation TD’s

annual report are executed correctly. It is

done by financial manager.

Letter Of Credit

A Letter of Credit is a payment term generally used

for international sales transactions. It is basically

a mechanism, which allows importers/buyers to offer

secure terms of payment to exporters/sellers in which

a bank (or more than one bank) gets involved. The

technical term for Letter of credit is 'Documentary

Credit'. At the very outset one must understand is

that Letters of credit deal in documents, not goods.

A LC (as it is commonly referred to) is a payment

undertaking given by a bank to the seller and is

issued on behalf of the applicant i.e. the buyer..

103

The Bank that issues the LC is referred to as the

Issuing Bank which is generally in the country of the

Buyer. The Bank that Advises the LC to the Seller is

called the Advising Bank which is generally in the

country of the Seller.

Capital Structure

211000 equity share of Rs. 100 each, thus 2, 11,

00,000/- is of fully paid up. If the company needs to

increase the issue of shares then they need get

sanction from the registrar then only they can issue

the shares.

Sources of fund

a) Share Capital :-

The main source of fund are Share Capital

authorized 211000 equity share of Rs100 each issued

and it is been fully paid up (As 31.03.2009)

b) Reserves and Surplus:-

Capital Reserve- State Investment Subsidy and

Share premium.

c) Secured loans and Unsecured loans:-

Loan taken from Kerala State Industrial

Development, Export packing credit from State Bank

of India. Secured by movable assets both present

and future, land and fixed assets. Loans from

directors are the main source for unsecured loan.104

Working capital

The main source of working capital is from the turn

over and at the same time taking short term loan from

the directors for meeting the revenue expenses.

Duties and Responsibilities

Accounts Manager

Finalization of accounts

Verification of vouchers

Returns to export credit guarantee corporation

(ECGC), sales tax, rubber.

Liaison with bank, sales tax office etc.

Preparation of monthly financially statements

Reconciliation of bank accounts

Maintaining books of accounts

Compliance with company law requirement

Accountant

Preparation of balance sheet and trial balance.

Maintain books of accounts up to date

Verification of vouchers

105

Monthly returns to ECGC and sales tax etc

Bank correspondence

Preparation of daily and monthly financial statements

and cash flow.

Bank account and supplier account reconciliation

Preparation of tax deductable at source (TDS), annual

returns etc.

Prepare and maintain gloves stock register

Maintain and updating of accounts software.

Any change made in the documents shall be

communicated to the respective departments.

Cashier

Handling of cash and cheques.

Preparation of vouchers.

Issuing cheques to each parties as per the sanction

of the manager.

Accounts Assistant

Book keeping of accounts

Updating of all accounts

Marketing Department

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MARKETING EXECUTIVE

Marketing department is one of the most important components

of a business’s survival in the market. The main aims of the

marketing department revolve around understanding the

customers and their needs.

Marketing activities involve designing, promoting, pricing a

product according to the needs of the market and customers.

The main aims of the marketing department of any

organization. Marketing department needs to work in close

coordination with the other departments such a purchasing,

sales, finance etc to ensure that the customer needs are

satisfied while generating profits for the organization.

Primus gloves private limited has an efficient and well

coordinated marketing system. The managing director directly

controls the activities of the marketing department.

Department Structure

Department functions

107

Post marketing surveillance

Identification of prospective clients

Receipt of an enquiry from the client.

Submission of proposal to client against enquiry and

Negotiation

Review of an Executive of Contract/order.

Amendment of contract:-

Marketing Information System

New Product Development

Distribution Strategy

Sale Target

Promotion strategy

Pricing strategy

Post marketing surveillance

This procedure is written to establish and maintain a

systematic procedure for gathering information on the

post production phase and to implement appropriate means

to apply any necessary corrective action. This procedure

applies to identify any product deficiency at the market

place in order to take corrective and preventive action

at the manufacturing site.

Procedure:-

108

The scope of the “Post Marketing Surveillance “ for the

purpose of this procedure shall be limited to:

a) Collection of samples from the retail sales outlet or

customer warehouse.

b) Collection of samples during meeting/exhibitions

The information is used to understand the product

characteristics vis-à-vis time and to monitor the product

quality at market place.

The samples and information of this shall be forwarded to

marketing dept. the sample collected will be compared with

initial result, compliance with medical device directive and

applicable Product International Standards.

In case the results of analysis and investigation of the

samples collected show deviation from the reference standard

or essential requirements of the Medical Device Directive,

corrective action shall be identified in the Post Marketing

Surveillance Report.

Contract Review

The purpose of this procedure is to establish a

procedure for evaluating a Purchasing Enquiry. The Head

of Marketing is responsible for this.Generation of a

contract generally follows the following steps:

Identification of prospective clients:

109

New prospective can be identified through various means,

structured or other means.

Structured means include the following:

1. Advertising in print media

2. Contacts generated from exhibitions, fairs,

seminars

3. Advertising over the internet

4. Responding to advertisements on the internet

5. Responding to advertisement on the print media

Receipt of an enquiry from the client.

An enquiry may be received in written or verbal

form. The marketing departments maintain a product

list. The enquiry is thoroughly scrutinized and an

offer is submitted for the same. In certain

instances due to various reasons it may not be

possible for us to submit a proposal against

enquiry. In such events, a regret letter is sent to

the enquirer and record in the marketing register.

Submission of proposal to client against enquiry

and Negotiation

‘An approval is submitted for the client’s

consideration and the client may issue a contract

on the basis of the proposal with or without

110

negotiations in between. The proposal along with

the Performa invoice (if any) is deemed as the

comprehensive offer.

Review of an Executive of Contract/order.

Once initial contract is furnished by the

customer, the details are discussed with the

concerned personnel. The Performa invoice is taken

as the token of acceptance of the order. And

simultaneously a Consignment Master Plan is

prepared. Upon receipt of acceptance of the

Performa invoice by way of fax or any other means

of communication, the marketing departments issues

order intimation to the concerned departments

comprising of any special instruction received from

the customer/client

Amendment of contract:-

The client may issue an amendment to the

contract at any date after issue of contract and

before completion of contract. Such as amendment is

required to be scrutinized for comprehensiveness

and viability of execution in exactly the same mode

as the original contract is evaluated. Once the

amendment is deemed acceptable, a revised Performa

invoice is sent to the customer and relevant

111

amendments are made in the Consignment Master Plan

and order intimation is revised and issued.

Marketing Information

Since the company is 100% exporting company the company

gets information mainly from the distributors. Customers

Company is producing the goods as per the demand given by

the distributors and they are parceling the goods to the

distributors.

Targeting

Since the company is producing gloves as the

product is mainly targeting medical doctors,

pharmaceuticals, poultry farms, veterinary surgeon,

laboratory.

New Product Development

The company produces new products as per the

demand of customers. The existing customer or new

customers will enquire with the marketing departments

with their needs and company may go for the detailed

study and develop the product as per the customer’s

needs.

Distribution Strategy

112

The company, mainly distribute the goods through water

ways. As per the demand of customer, company may

transport the goods on the basis of (CIF) Cost Insurance

Fright means here the company, have to bare the risk.

The company, have to bare the insurance and cost of

freight. On the other hand company may also distribute

their goods on the basis of Freight on board (FOB) here

the company will transport the good till the port from

there the buyer have to bear the risk.

Sale Target

The company has the target of 5million pairs per month.

They had fixed 5million in-order to reach the break-

even-point.

Promotion strategy

The following are the promotional efforts taken by the

company to promote their products in the world market:

a) Website and brochures

b) Registered with export promotional council- rubber

board.

c) CAPEXIL-is an export promoting organization, which will

help the registered companies in generating potential,

enquires.

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d) Medica Maze Dezegale is the world’s largest medical

show, which is conducted every year in Germany. Primus

gloves take part in this show every year.

Pricing Strategy

The price of the product is determined with respect of

the price of latex, fuel cost, production cost, packing

cost, transportation charges, wages, profit margin and

dollar exchange value.

Duties and Responsibilities

Marketing Executive

Enquiring and order processing

Correspondence to customers

Customer complaint analysis in coordination with QA

and production department.

Maintain customer feedback report

Preparation of monthly order position

Preparation of consignment master file

Coordination and executive customer samples,

technical data sheet

Submission of reports to export promotion council

CAPEXIL

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Marketing data analysis and interpretation

Follow up with customer regarding shipments and

letter of credit etc

Documentation of all analysis and projects

Post marketing surveillance

Analysis of export data

Company advertisement like website literatures and brochures

etc.

Quality Assurance Department

PRIMUS Gloves has a full-fledged quality assurance

department. The gloves produced in the company are of three

types. They are Type-A, Type-B and Type-C. Among these three

gloves Type –A is meant for exporting and Type-B & C are for

domestic purpose. The firm gives 100% quality products to the

customer.

Quality assurance, or QA for short, refers to a program for

the systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various

aspects of a project, service, or facility to ensure that

standards of quality are being met. Even goods with low

prices can be considered quality items if they meet a market

need. QA is more than just testing the quality of aspects of

a product, service or facility, it analyzes the quality to

make sure it conforms to specific requirements and comply

with established plans

115

DIRECTOR

QA MANAGER

EXECUTIVE DOCUMENTATION &REGULATORY AFFAIRS

QA ASSISTANTCHEMIST

LAB ASSISTANT

Department Structure

Department Functions

116

Ensure maintenance of proper inspection and test status at

all stages of manufacturing and testing of items in time

with documented procedure.

Developing technical specification for raw materials, in

process materials and product.

Customer complaint processing including adverse incident

reporting.

Coordinating data analysis and interpretation.

Coordinate the preparation of registration and the

other quality documents.

Designing and developing art work (labeling).

Control of sterilization process

Pre-shipment Audit of Packed gloves

Auditing Incoming Packing Material

Ensure maintenance of proper inspection and test status

at all stages of manufacturing and testing of items in

time with documented procedure.

Pre-shipment Audit of Packed gloves

Inspection and Test Status

Control of Non-Conforming Product

Shelf life studies of the product.

Control sample analysis

Coordination of process change control system

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Process validation

Water Tightness Test

This test is conducted to detect holes in the finished

gloves.

Description

Pour a minimum of 1000cc of water into the

gloves by opening the valve.

Visually inspect the gloves for immediate water

leakage.

Let the glove hang for 2min and again inspect

for water leakage.

Any glove that shows a droplet, stream or other

type of water leakage is considered to have

failed the test.

Water leakage above the junction of the glove

cuff and mandrel is not a test failure.

Developing technical specification

Developing technical specification for raw materials and

in process material and product are on the basis of

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customer specification and standards. It is been handled

by QA manager.

Customer complaints

Detailed analysis is done only on receipt of

specific information from the customer.

The details of the investigation and the

corrective and preventive action are documented.

QA manager will write to the customer on the

investigation result and the corrective action

taken if any.

Coordinating data analysis and interpretation.

The QA manager will analyze the data which is given by

lab employees if he finds any variation the remedy will

be given.

Coordinate the preparation of registration and the

other quality documents.

In order to export the goods the company needs to do

registration and also the company should meet the

product standard also these quality documents are

prepared by QA Assistant.

Designing and developing art work (labeling).

The company also develops label work for other company

it is been developed by the lab assistant. The QA

119

department will check the quality standard of the other

company’s samples and the lab assistant will develop

and a sample of label and is sent, if it meets the need

of other company then primus will produce the goods on

the behalf of other company.

Control Sterilization

Sterilization is undertaken to ensure proper placement and

incubation of Biological indicator.

Description

Identify the number of biological indicator

required for the particular chamber and number

the biological indicator serially.

Pack these Biological indicator in pouches as

that of the lot.

Place biological indicator inside this inner

carton.

Place the inner carton upside down in master

cartons whose numbers are noted down on the

Biological indicator record sheet.

Dispatch the lot for sterilization along with the

sterilization record and Biological indicator

record.

The placement of the carton containing the

Biological indicator in the appropriate location

is to be ensured.

120

After sterilization, the sterilization record and

the Biological indicator record id to be returned

by the sterilizer after affixing their seal.

Result

o A color change to yellow of the Biological

indicator after incubation shows that the load

has not been sterilized.

o Absence of color change in the entire

Biological indicator confirms sterilization.

Pre-shipment Audit of Packed gloves

To ensure that all packed gloves leaving from the

factory meets the specification.

Description

The packed gloves are sampled as per the

attached AUDIT CRITERIA SHEET and the following

tests are conducted.

1. Appearance :-

The glove is checked for characteristics

like color,

Physical attributes

and design.

2. Dimensions:-

The glove are audited for length, width

and the

thickness (Finger, Palm and Cuff)

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3. Physical Properties:-

The glove is tested for tensile

properties, water

tightness, PH Scale, Moisture and

Residual Power

Content and Protein Content.

4. Packaging:-

An audit on the walletted glove and

packed glove is conducted

separately.

Auditing Incoming Packing Material

To ensure the packaging material received meets the

specification.

Description

Check for Art work:-

Check whether the printing on the samples

is as per the approved art work.

Check for Dimension:-

The samples are checked for the dimension

with steel rule and compare with the

specification

Check for Gram Per Square Meter (GSM):-

For inner wrappers and pouches 10X10 cm2

piece is cut from the individual samples.

122

The layers are separated by keeping it in

hot water (70oc) for half an hour.

The separated layer are dried in an air

oven and then cooled.

Seal Integrity:-

Prepare the Rhoda mine solution by mixing

the .15% Rhoda mine B, .15%

Surfactant, .5% IPA and 94.7% distilled

water.

Add 1to5 drops of Rhoda mine solution to

pouch and close the open end by using

Biaxially Oriented Poly Propylene

(B.O.P.P).

Wet the full length of the seal by

rotating the pouch and keep the pouch for

10min in an oven.

The penetration of dye through the seal

is shown failure of the seal.

The number of dye penetration and their

position are documented.

Peel Strength:-

Take pouches and apply Biaxially Oriented

Poly Propylene (B.O.P.P) tape to

strengthen the peel open edge to avoid

tearing during testing.

123

Fix the two edges of the pouch to the

jaws of the tensile testing machines.

Peel strength of the pouch in kilogram

force shall note directly down from the

dial of the machine.

Inspection and Test Status

The inspection/ test status of all raw materials

and packaging material indented for use in

production activities is identified all time /

stages.

Inspection/ test status is displayed and is

visible directly on the material or its packages

on its storage rack by affixing tags.

Control of Non-Conforming Product

Materials and components found non-conforming

during

receiving then it is been returned to the

vendor. The details are entered in the Goods

Receipt Note (GNR).

When the product found non-conforming during in

process are recorded in the QA audit reports and

those found in final inspection and testing is

recorded in the pre-shipment report.

124

When an item is found non-conforming at any

process stage the item is transferred kept

separate with the making of rejection seal.

Shelf Life

50 pairs / 100 pcs of sample are taken from each

dispatch and for 5yr i.e., the shelf life of the

product.

Coordination of process change control system

If any change is needed in the process then the

department will intimate with their corresponding HOD’s

and this request is put forward in the board meeting if

they felt that change is necessary the company will

change the process

Process Validation

The processes which are to be validated and

the frequency of validation is determined and

recorded in validation Master Plan kept with

QA manager.

The method of validation for each process is

defined including the criteria for review and

approved of the process in the respective

125

validation protocol prepared by the process

owner.

The validations are performed with at normal

operating condition and also at worst case

conditions. Worst case conditions is set of

conditions encompassing upper and lower

proceeding limits and circumstances, including

those within standard operating procedure

which pose the greatest chance of process or

product failure when compared to ideal

condition.

Duties and Responsibilities

QA Manager

Ensure all functions of QA department that are listed

in the department function manual.

Investigate, analyze and initiate necessary

corrective and preventive action on all non-

conformities

Design and development of new products and maintain

design history file

Assurance of product quality through monitoring of

process parameters

126

Developing technical specification for raw materials

and products

Coordination of products registration/patent/EU

representative with the marketing department

Liaison with CUSAT/external laboratories for

different lab trials and testing

Provide assistance for computer system development

program , web site, literatures and brochures etc

Development of capital QA department as a resource

center for knowledge.

Decide any specification on disposal of any

deviation in the material used

Reports to the director

Executive Documentation & Regulatory Affairs

Coordinate and prepare of registrations and other

quality documents

Design and development of artwork(labels) and

approvals

Coordination of sterility testing and shelf life

studies of product

Coordinate the internal quality audits and maintain

quality manuals standards etc.

127

Preparation of design history file

Verification of indent and goods received note (GRN)

of packing material and quality related forms

Preparation of all required quality system

procedures, work instructions and forms

Preparation of all required quality system procedures

, work instructions and forms

Documentation of all analysis and projects

Reports to QA manager

Chemist

Testing of raw latex, in process materials, chemicals

and product as per quality plan.

Trials in the production/other areas for process

improvements

Establishment of quality procedures, work

instructions and forms relevant to the testing of

materials

Upkeep of quality documents

Documentation of all analysis and projects

Act as a supporting aid to production department for

the betterment of processes and product

Maintain and upkeep of lab as per the required

standards and levels

128

Shelf life study

Regular review of quality objectives and control

points

Initiate process improvement programs or activities

and new testing methods etc,

Implementation of housekeeping practices to ensure

adherence to GMP guidelines and procedures

Verification of GRNs for raw materials, chemicals

and gloves

Ensure the machineries and testing equipments are

calibrated

Incubation of biological indicators

Sample analysis like chemicals, gloves etc.

Identification and labeling of material, equipment

and instruments used in the lab.

Assists various trials for R&D.

Any changes made in the documents shall be

communicated to the respective departments.

Provide necessary data for the preparation of pre

shipment reports for QA department.

Reports to Production Manager.

QA -Assistant

129

Pre shipment analysis like dimension, watertight test

etc.

Preparation of sample requisition as per packing list

and its collection.

Data collection and preparation of preliminary

analysis report.

Reports quality violation if any.

Biological indicators placement and retrieval as per

the work instructions.

Arrangement of control samples and analysis.

Daily calibration of water tightness apparatus.

Preparation of registers for export, control sample

and calibration etc.

Import gloves analysis and preparation of reports.

Maintaining container files.

Arrangement of records and files.

Reports to QA Executive.

Lab Assistant

Testing raw materials, packing material, in-process

material and product.

Testing tensile, proteins and powder content.

Physical dimension of finished products

130

DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

PRODUCTION MANAGER

EXECUTIVE INSPECTION & PACKING

Preparation of necessary documents

Reports to chemist

Inspection and Packing Department

This department role is to ensure that all the workers are

adherence to personnel hygiene standards and also to see

whether inspection and packing areas are cleaned and

housekeeping practices are maintained.

Department Structure

131

SUPERVISOR(INSPECTION)

SUPERVISOR (PACKING )

132

Department Functions

Inspection and Segregation of gloves and audit of A

grade gloves.

Packing the gloves.

Sealing of gloves.

Inspecting and segregating:-

The gloves are checked for defectives

The cuff of the glove is stretched first for

checking defect.

The gloves are then inflated and checked for

the defects in the all area.

The gloves are then segregated to A grade, B

grade and rejection are weighted separately.

The details of inspection are recorded in the

bin card.

Audit of A grade gloves

Take sample as per the attached Audit Criteria

Sheet from each inspected lot.

Check the defect.

Any visual defects.

The cuff area is stretched and inflated.

The defects are recorded in the bin card.

133

If the defects are more than the accepted level

the lot is rejected

and sealed.

If the defects are same / less than\ accept

level, the lot is accepted and passed to next

process.

Packing the gloves in Inner Wrapper

The gloves and the approved inner wrapper shall

be taken for the walleting process.

Keep the left and right hand gloves separately.

Take the left hand gloves first and fold from

the cuff area. Placed inside the left portion of

the wallet.

Take the right hand glove then and fold from the

cuff area. Placed inside the right portion of

the wallet.

Collect the wallet into tray for the audit.

Pouching of walletted gloves:-

The pouches shall be stamped as per the details

in the packing list.

Approved pouches and walleted gloves from the

approved trays shall for the pouching process.

The walleted pairs shall be inserted to the

pouches carefully in such a way that the finger

134

side should be towards to the peal open/ cut

open seal.

The pouching details are recorded in the

pouching record and the packing card

Sealing of Pouched gloves

By Pedal Sealing Machine:-

Quality accepted pouches shall be taken for

sealing.

Ensure the temperature between the range of

85oc +2oc in the machine.

Place the pouch between the dyes and gently

pedal by leg.

The selected pouch shall be checked for

defects and moved it to the tray for audit.

By Conveyor Sealing Machine:-

Quality accepted pouches shall be taken for

sealing.

Ensure the temperature between the range of

155oc + 2oc in machine.

Switch on the monitor of the sealing machine

and place the pouches on the conveyor at the

right position.

Collect the sealed pouches from the other side

in to the tray and shall be given for the

auditing.

135

Packing of Non-Sterile Gloves (Examination/ Surgical)

Dispenser Box Packing (Description –

Examination) :-

The inspected gloves with passed seal are

taken for the packing.

Count the gloves as per the quality and

placed to the plastic sheet, roll it and

insert to in the dispenser box.

Take the plastic sheet from the dispenser box

close it.

The dispenser boxes are then placed in the

taped outer box as per the packing list.

Keep outer carton in the designed area for

the audit.

Packing Of Non- Sterile Gloves (Description –

Surgical)

A grade gloves be taken for the packing.

The gloves are manually counted and packed

into pouched, dispenser boxes or inner

cartons as per the customer requirement.

The packed pouched/ dispensers/ inner carton

are then packed in outer carton

The carton are stacked separately size wise

for the audit.

136

The gloves are then ready for export only

after the receipt of approved Shipment

Approval Card.The next stage after production

is inspection followed by packing. The

packing itself has four stages.

Duties and Responsibilities

Executive inspection & packing

Execute all activities of inspection, walleting,

pouching and packing sections as per the requirement

of the company.

Proper man power allotment within the department.

Arrangements of sterilization with the proper

documents like sterilization log sheet, BI records.

Coordinate the planning of daily inspection and

packing activities.

137

Documentation of all analysis and projects.

Ensure all the workers are adherence to personnel

hygiene standards.

Ensure inspection and packing areas are cleaned and

housekeeping practices are maintained.

Performance analysis and monitoring of workers and

reports to the management.

Preparation of daily and monthly inspection and

packing reports.

Maintain records of glove transfer to the stores(A

grade, B grade, C grade)

Provide necessary arrangement to all supervisors at

all stages of process

Reports to production manager.

Supervisor Packing

Packaging of gloves as per the daily packing plan

Prepare the daily packing report

Ensure all the packing material used are of quality

and details approved

Maintaining records like sterilization logs and

sterilization intimation

Coordination and arrangement of sterilization logs

138

Arrangement of control samples to QA department for

each container

Container dispatch including container checking

Duty arrangement of workers, attendance marking, over

stay and leaves.

Any other works directed by the superior officer.

Reports to executive inspection and packing

Supervisor Inspection

Examining and segregating of gloves produced by the

production department

Maintaining records regarding details of inspection

stock

Updating of charts like control charts and group

efficiency charts etc

Preparation of first bin report and daily inspection

report.

Duty arrangement of workers, attendance marking, over

stay.

Reports to Executive-Inspection and Packing.

Maintenance Department

The maintenance department role is to repair and maintain all

the equipments and machineries in the factory. It also have

139

DIRECTOR

EXECUTIVE MAINTENANCE

to prepare and upkeep the quality documents and operation andmaintenance manuals etc.

Department Structure

140

GENERAL MANAGER

141

SUPERVISOR MAINTENANCE

Department Function

Calibration of all instruments and equipments.

Ensure corrective and preventive maintenance system is

established.

Qualification of all equipments

Effluent treatment and water management system to the

factory.

Plumbing works, repairs, fabrication works, in the

factory as and when required.

Preparation and upkeep of quality documents and

operation and maintenance manuals.

Operation and maintenance of thermic fluid heater.

Inventory of essential spare parts.

Operation and maintenance of packing and printing

machines.

Various break down analysis.

Regular review of the status of quality objectives and

control points with

MR.

Annual maintenance of plant and other

equipments/machines.

Follow up with KSEB, factories and boilers and

pollution control board.

142

Maintenance of electrical, mechanical and pneumatic

systems of the Company.

Calibration

Calibration of all instruction and equipment should be

maintained by this they should make sure that works

are going in higher standard.

Inspection, measuring and test equipment / gauge

identified for calibrations are defined.

Equipment /gauge are calibrated on regular basis/

intervals to ensure and maintain their accuracy and

reliability.

Maintenance engineer makes the calibration plan with one

month of the scheduled date.

Calibration can be done with the help of approved

calibration agencies.

Preventive Maintenance:-

Daily maintenance is done by maintenance technicians

/operators as per the relevant checklist.

The executive maintenance in consultation with PM

preventive maintenance schedule.

A preventive maintenance list is prepared with the details

of each machine.

Operation and maintains of thermal fluid heater

143

Thermal fluid heater which is used to dry the products are

operated and maintained carefully. It is been checked by

maintenance departments in every month for taking preventive

measures. Every year there will be a detailed checking

Follow up with different organization

Follow up with K.S.E.B and pollution control board is one of

the major functions of this department.

Preparation and upkeep of quality documents and

operation and

Maintenance Manuals.

The maintenance executive should make necessary documents

about maintenance done in machines. For future verifications

Annual maintenance of plant and other

equipments/machines.

Annual maintenance of the plant and if necessary the

corrective measures and preventive measures for the machines

are made.

Break down maintenance:-

In case of any breakdown a Maintenance Requisition Slip (MRS)

is prepared by shift in charge/ supervisor and submitted to

maintenance supervisor/ technician.

144

The analysis of the breakdown is carried and the technician

does necessary maintenance.

The frequency of breakdown of the equipment is reviewed and

schedule for preventive maintenance is revised in case of the

breakdown frequency is high.

Duties and Responsibilities

Executive Maintenance

Execute all maintenance and repair activities of the

company.

Ensure timely calibration of instruments and process

validation activities

Plan and procure measuring, instruments/ equipments

and required accuracy

Annual maintenance of the plant including painting

and civil works etc

Schedule and routine maintenance checks machineries

and equipments and the utilities

Various break down analysis.

Implementation of preventive maintenance system

Coordinate effluent treatment and water management

system of the company

145

Preparation of all required quality system

procedures, work instruction and forms

Review of quality objectives of control points

Provide necessary assistance to supervisors at all

levels

Documentation of all analysis and projects.

Supervisor Maintenance

Maintenance and upkeep of the equipments and

utilities

Maintaining shift wise and daily records of the

functioning of equipments

Duty arrangement of workers, attendance marking, over

stay and leaves.

Any other works directed by the superior officer.

Record of all the reading of water meter Boiler

consumption reading etc.

Reports to executive maintenance.

Commercial Department

In primus commercial department keeps all the records of the

exports and imports of the company. All the documentation

146

ASSISTANT COMMERCIAL

part is done by this department. This department consists of

executive commercial and assistant commercial.

Department Structure

Department Function

Coordination of all export/import/dispatch

activities.

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DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

EXECUTIVE COMMERCIAL

Coordinating with customer authorities for import and

export activities, purchase and sales of materials

etc.

Avail bill of lading from authorized shipping lines

Coordination with C&F agents for bill filing to

customs

Preparation and upkeep of all register like

export/import, finished products register, B Grade

register, rejected goods, purchase & sale register

etc.

Job work arrangements like sterilization works

related to printing and pouch/wallet making and

repairs.

Avail insurance policy

Maintain and upkeep of quality documents.

Coordination of all commercial activities

Coordination of all export/ import/ dispatch activities are

done by this departments. As this is exporting company

commercial department has a great role to play.

Coordination with customer authorities for import

and export activities

Customer authorities are coordinated for the commercial

activities such as import and export activities. It is done

by executive commercial.

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Avail bill of lading from authorized shipping

lines

They should avail the bill of loading from authorized

shipping lines as this is a exporting company this role has

to be managed properly. Bills of lading contain all details

regarding the product, product destination, weight.

Coordination with C&F agents for bill filing to

customs

C&F agents are those who deal with the preparation of

customs files. The commercial assistants do this function.

Some C&F agents will do preparation of bills of lading

also.

Maintain the register

Maintain register like export/ import/ finished goods,

indigenous raw-material. These should be reviewed and should

updated about the every activities.

Work order

Work order is prepared for jobs to be carried out

by suppliers.

Specification of the work to be carried out is

clearly mentioned in work order.

Progress/ inspection procedure shall be carried

out at party’s promises if required.

Incoming inspection procedure shall applicable for

all jobs carried out through work orders.

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Duties and Responsibilities

Executive Commercial

Coordinate with the customs authorities and C&F

agents for import and export activities.

Maintaining registers like export/import register,

finished goods, indigenous raw materials etc.

Preparation of all statutory reports.

Any changes made in the documents shall be

communicated to the respective departments.

Reports to general manager.

Assistant Commercial

Preparation of filing documents for export, import

etc

Preparation of commercial invoice, packing list etc

Preparation of bank documents

Provide all assistance to commercial executive

Arrange re-warehousing certificate and submit to CSEZ

for final assessments

Reports to Executive Commercial

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Stores Department

In Primus this department maintains all records relating to

the purchase and sale. Maintain the reorder level. And also

see whether raw materials are procured in right time.

Department Structure

Department Function

Activities concerning purchase and stores.

Vendor development, evaluation and rating etc.

Timely procurement of raw materials/

chemicals/component of a specified quality and

quantity

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DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

SUPERVISOR STORES STORES ASSISTANT

Material re-testing function

Maintain re-order level

Inventory management system

Maintain and up keep of quality documents

Vendors Assessment and Approval:-

Questionnaire format are sent to the new vendors for

obtaining technical and commercial capabilities

Sample are allocated from the new vendors and

analyzed before approving them.

Vendors of key service like Sterilization, Supply of

bought out gloves etc to sign a technical agreement

with primus.

Vendors Evaluating and Rating:-

Performance of the approved vendor is evaluated by

maintain the history on the items supplied by them

with reference to Quality. Pricing and Delivery.

Vendor performance rating is done annually on the

following parameters.

Quality :

- 40% weight age

Pricing

: - 30% weight age

Delivery Schedule :

- 20% weight age

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Meeting of Immediate requirement : - 5% weight

age

Timely procurement of raw materials/chemicals/component of a specified quality andquantity

Requisition for purchase of raw materials,

chemicals etc.. can be initiated by user

departments and by store section in the form of

indents. The indents contain data clearly

describing the product ordered, specification,

quality etc. The indents are to be approved by the

concerned HOD’s

Based on the indent the store department reviews

the indent and then projects the consolidated

requirements to General Manager.

After approval the purchase department either calls

for quotation or places purchase order after

personal enquiring with them. Orders for purchase

of low value/ non critical items are placed

verbally or on telephone or by face in urgent case.

Material re-testing function

If the raw materials are expired then it must be re-

tested before using those raw materials for production.

Inventory management system

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Purpose

The purpose of this procedure is to define the

system for handling, storage and preservation of

material/ product. This procedure is applicable for

the purchase storage of raw materials, packing

material, semi finished product and machine spare.

Storage assistance and executive maintenance is

responsible.

Procedure:-

The raw materials are approved on the basis of actual

tests done in the laboratory or on verification of

the compliance certificate.

Raw material shall be used only after QA approval.

The packaging materials are approved on the basis of

test done in the laboratory.

The purchase procedure for machine spares and furnace

oil shall be followed by the maintenance departments.

Any material found not complying to the specification

shall be segregated and returned to stores.

QA shall check the materials for all the required

parameters, once for every order placed.

The rejected material shall be returned to the

suppliers.

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Storage:

The material is received at the factory gate along

with the relevant documents.

The delivery challan containing the details of the

material received is verified the store keeper and

the document is stamped accordingly.

The store keeper verifies the material against the

purchase order.

The GNR is prepared if the supply is in order.

Material is rejected in case of any discrepancy.

The GNR is forwarded to QA/ laboratory quality

checking along with the approval card.

The copies of the GNR are issued as per the

distribution list printed on the GNR.

The stock is updated by the storekeeper as approval

of the GNR.

All materials/ items are stores and protected

against any damage, deterioration and misuse.

Materials are stored at its identified area.

Duties and Responsibilities

Stores Assistant

Development of vendors, evaluating and rating.

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Ensure timely procurement of raw materials/

components of specified quality to meet projected

production schedules as reorder level.

Placing of purchase orders and work for chemicals,

packing materials, gloves and maintenance article.

Preparation of weekly stock statements monthly stock

statements container wise packing material

consumption

Posting the GR’s and requisition slips to the ledger

with valuation

Reconciliation of packing materials sent for job

works

Purchasing of consumables, chemicals etc

Ensuring of labels

Ensure chemicals and gloves storage area are against

GMP guidelines and procedures

Regular review of quality objectives and control

points

Reports to accounts manager

Supervisor stores

The stock of raw material, in process materials and

the product.

The physical and the book stock tally at all times.

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Responsible for maintaining the records of stores.

Responsible for the physical issue of materials

Duty arrangement of workers , attendance marking,

over stay and leaves

Any other work directed by the superior officers

Reports to general manager

Systems Department

The systems department main aim is to maintain a trouble free

network for the company and is responsible for

computerization of all department of the company. The company

also has an ERP system for all the departments this would

reduce cost and time. The two networks used by the company

are LAN (local area network) and WAN (wide area network). The

Operating system used is Windows 2003 server enterprise

editor. The software used by the company as front end is

vb.net and oracle as back end. Presently there are 20

computers in the company and the internet connection is

provided by VSNL.

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Department Structure

Department Functions

To meet the IT based requirement.

To maintain a trouble free network for the company.

To keep the backup of the data that is stored in the

server.

To see whether the ERP system is going well.

To outsource the required software as per the

requirement.

To see if legal software are used.

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DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER

SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATOR

To update the website of the company

To customaries application development

To see that annual maintenance contract is given.

Type of Network

Client server system is used in PRIMUS. The server is placed

in a separate compartment. Only the systems head deals with

this system.

The client–server model of computing is a distributed

application structure that partitions tasks or workloads

between the providers of a resource or service, called

servers, and service requesters, called clients. Often

clients and servers communicate over a computer network on

separate hardware, but both client and server may reside in

the same system. A server machine is a host that is running

one or more server programs which share their resources with

clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but

requests a server's content or service function. Clients

therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which

await incoming requests.

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The company uses a windows 2003 server which enables remote

desktop sharing. The software used here are ERP, Tally and

TATA Ex. TATA Ex was updated by Gro Max to increase

efficiency.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) integrates internal and

external management information across an entire

organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing,

sales and service, CRM, etc. ERP systems automate this

activity with an integrated software application. Its purpose

is to facilitate the flow of information between all business

functions inside the boundaries of the organization and

manage the connections to outside stakeholders.

Primus uses Gro - Max ERP suit. Each user is provided an

individual account which he/she can access from any client

system with their individual password. All the applications

opened by each user can be view by the systems head. He can

watch and analyze each user’s activities secretly.

Office Automation Techniques

Each employee is provided with a punching facility. The time

of signing in and signing out of the office is recorded

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mechanically. This avoids duplication of attendance of the

employees. Apart from this a manual attendance is maintained

by each department which is then entered manually into the

ERP system. Thus the GM gets an account of the number of

absentees from each department at a particular time.

Attendance is compulsory for each worker, and each shift in

charge is responsible for keeping the attendance up to date.

Number and Nature of Workstations

There are around thirty clients in the client – server

system. A thin client system is used in the organization.

A thin client is a computer or a computer program which

depends heavily on some other computer (its server) to

fulfill its traditional computational roles. Thin clients

occur as components of a broader computer infrastructure,

where many clients share their computations with the same

server. As such, thin client infrastructures can be viewed as

the amortization of some computing service across several

user-interfaces. This is desirable in contexts where

individual fat clients have much more functionality or power

than the infrastructure either requires or uses. This can be

contrasted, for example, with grid computing.

A thin client system cannot work independently. It doesn’t

have a hard disk or a CPU like the normal system. They are

connected to the server via a LAN. It works only in a

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Multiuser Operating system. Therefore a Windows 2003 server

is used to facilitate the use of a thin client system.

Types of Servers

The server use Dell- Intel Processors.

The hardware specifications are:

1. Intel [R] Xeon [R] CPU

2. Model no - E 5335

3. Speed – 2.00 GHz

4. RAM – 8.00 GB

Software specification:

OS – Windows 2003 server

Internet Connectivity

Internet facility cannot be used for personal use. Facilities

which are essential for office purpose are allowed such as

Outlook. Internet facility is not provided so that it doesn’t

hinder the works of the employees.

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Types of Operating Systems

An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs

and data, that runs on computers, manages computer hardware

resources, and provides common services for execution of

various application software. For hardware functions such as

input and output and memory allocation, the operating system

acts as an intermediary between application programs and the

computer hardware.

The types of OS used are:

Win 2003 – server

Win XP – for clients

Think client – for heads in the company.

The major drawback of a thin-client system is that it

cannot do heavy work. Therefore a window 2003 is used as

the server.

Number of Licensed Soft wares

Talley 9 – ERP version

ERP

Open Office – free version is used

System Backup Facilities

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Backup of the ERP system is created four times a day and

saved automatically to a separate drive. These data are

transferred to a magnetic tape on every Saturday.

The activities going on in the office and the plant are

recorded via videos and a backup of these videos are also

created.

Growth Profile

In 1995 started as a trading unit. Firstly took a plot for

lease inside CSEZ with the main aim to maximize the sale of

examination gloves. In 1996.97 took universal gloves but

thought of starting an independent unit. The company was

incorporated as Fitco Dipped Private Limited .later thought

of changing the name to PRIMUS in German it means “good”. In

the initial stages company produced surgical gloves then

sooner went for market expansion. Then started importing

powder free gloves and then packed it in an attractive way

and the exported. The margin was comparatively less .the

company then thought of manufacturing long cuff gloves where

such manufactures were very less in the market may be two to

three even Ansell one of the giants in the glove industry

were not producing it. The profit margin was really high. The

company concentrated more on long cuff gloves along with new

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products. Presently primus is one of the leading

manufacturers of gloves in India.

Futu

re Plan

Primus has a very high demand for its products. It has

entered the domestic market since last two years and due to

its product quality the demand for gloves is very high. With

the present unit in CSEZ, they are not able to supply as per

the demand. So they already started a unit in Palakkad.

They are further planning to:

Open more units in many parts of the state.

Entering into domestic market and focusing on

hospitals in the domestic market.

Focus on sports and recreational gloves.

Focusing on exporting of their products to more

countries

SWOT

Analysis

The following is the SWOT analysis done post the

organizational study for Primus Gloves PVT LTD.

Strengths

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Primus is one of the largest manufacturer’s gloves

in India and it is located in Kerala where

availability of raw material is plenty.

Established market abroad

Primus has well established market in abroad. They

expand their in US, CANADA etc.

ISO and US certification

The company is following different standards in the

production. It is also supplement the brand to

increase its brand. Special benefit & exemptions

enjoyed because of its existence in CSEZ.

Weakness

No direct contact with end customer.

Payment collection from customers are not efficient and

there occurs delayed payments

Employee welfare measures are inconsistent.

Increase in the price of natural late.

Exchange rate fluctuation

Opportunities

Venture in the domestic market

Company also started their venture in the domestic

market this is also a good sign, because focusing on

hospital are in the domestic market.

Establishing market in different parts of the world

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o Abroad consignments are increasing in a gradual

pace of the company in US, CANADA etc.

Growing demand for Surgical glove in hospitals

Demand for the surgical products in Kerala is increasing

day by day so it gives a wonderful opportunity for the

Primus Gloves.

Threats

Mass Production of gloves in European countries

Seasonal change may affect the availability of Raw

materials .

Breakdowns or unexpected power failure may affect

production

Handling acid can turn out to be dangerous. Heavy competition from domestic and international market

.stiff competition from countries like Malaysia, China,

Sri Lanka.

Bibliography

Books

167

Aswathappa.K (2008) Human Resource Management, 4th

Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

I.M Pandey – (2011) Essentials of Financial Management,

3rd Edition, Vikas Publications House Pvt.Ltd.

Kotler Philip & Kevin Lane Keller (2005), Marketing

Management 12th Edition, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of

India Pvt, Ltd.

Kothari C R (2006) – Research Methodology-Methods &

Techniques, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.

Websites:

www.rubberboard.com.

www.exporters india.com.

www.mapsofindia.com.

www.indianexporters.com

www.primusgloves.com

www.ansellasiapacific.com

www.csez.org

www.managementstudyguide.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/naturalrubber_industry

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