PEKI ZJonuory 7, 19'f,

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4A,,ru

Chairman Hua MeetsMaior General Ziaur Rahman

Comrode Chen Yung-kuei's Report-At the Second Notionol Conference on Leorning

From Tochoi in Agriculture

The Crux of "Gong of Four's" Crimesls to Usurp Party ond Stote Power

- "Renmin Riboo" editoriol

PEKINGREVIEW

tL 4 [^.e

,:"" - J

THE WEEK

Choirmon Huo Meets Mojor Generol Ziour Rohmon

New Development in Chino-Bonglodesh Relotions

Grond Reception in Honour of Foreign Experts

Chinese Peoplet Friendship Delegotion in Yugoslovio

ARIICTES AND DOCUMENTS

Comrode Chen Yung-kuei's Report-At the Second Notionol Conference on

Leorning From Tochoi in Agriculture

At Welcome Bonquet Given by the Stote Council:

Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien's Speech

Mojor Generol Ziour Rohmon's Speech

World's People Pioise Choirmon Moo's lmmense Contributions - Hsinhuo Cor-

respondent

Revolutionory Memoir: Choirmon Moo's lnspection Tour of Nonniwon - Tung

Ting-heng

fhe Crur ol "Gong of Four's" Crimes ls to Usurp Porty ond Stote Power - Ren'

rnin Ribao editoriol

Vol. 20, No. 2 Jonuory 7, 1977

Published in English, French, Spanish,

Japanese and German editions

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Publlshed cvery Fridoy by PEKING REVIEW, Peting (3L ChinoPost Officc Regittrotion No. 2-912.

Pdntad in the People's Republic of Chino

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Chairman Hua MeetsMaior General Ziaur Rahman

LfUa KUO-FENG, Chairman of the Centralfl Committee of the Communist Party ofChina and Premier of the State Council, meton the afternoon of January 4 Major GeneraiZiaur Rahman, Chief Martial Law Administra-tor and Chief of Army Staff of Bangladesh.

. As Major General Ziaur Rahman arrived at'the meeting hall accompanied by Foreign Sec-

retary Tabarak Husain, Chairman Hua walkedup to warmly shake hands with him and ex-tend a warm welcome to Major General Rah-

man and the other distinguished Bangladeshguests on their visit to China. Major GeneralRahman told Chairman Hua: "It is a great

honour to be your guest and to be invited byyou to visit China." After posing for a pho-

tograph, Chairman Hua and Major GeneralRahman had a sincere and friendly conversationin a cordial atmosphere.

Present at the meeting and conversationwere Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien of the StateCouncil and Foreign Mini.ster Huang Hua.

Januarg 7, 7977

New Development inChina-Bangladesh Relations

MAJOR General Ziaur Rah-rYls131 visited China fromJanuary 2 to 6. This was thefirst occasion for contact be-tween the leaders of the twocountries. Though short, thevisit achieved completely suc-cessful results.

During the visit, Vice-:PremierLi Hsien-nien and Major GeneralZiaur Rahman exchanged viewson the international situation,the strengthening of relationsbetween the two countries andother questions of common con-cern, thus enhancing their mu-tual understanding and trust.An economic and technical co-operation agreement and a tradeand payment agreement be-tween the Governments ofChina and Bangladesh weresigned in Peking.

Since changes took place inthe Bangladesh political situa-tion in the second half of 1975,

the Government and people ofBangladesh have made arduousefforts and achieved iemarkablesuccesses in maintaining na-tional independence, safeguard-ing state sovereignty, develop-ing the national economy andbuilding their own country.

Grain production. in fiscal year19?5-?6 reach6d 13 million tons.The country is now striving torealize self-sufficiency in grain.In international affairs, theGovernment of Bangladesh fol-lows a non-aligned policy, op-poses hegemonism, expansion-ism and interference in internalaffairs by foreign countries,supports the people of all coun-tries in their struggte agalnstimperialism and stands for thestrengthening of unity withother third world countries. TheChinese people follow develop-ment of Bangladesh with in-terest and firmly support thejust struggle of its people tomaintain national independenceand state sovereignty.

The visit of the distinguishedguests from Bangladesh waswarmly welcomed by the Chi-nese people. Chairman Huagreeted Major General ZiaurRahman at the airport when heqrrived in Peking. VicehemierLi Hsien-nien hosted the ban-quet given by the State Councilin his honour. (For highlightsof their speeches at the banquetsee'pp. 18 and 19.)

The distinguished guests alsovisited Kwangchow.

rt

Grand Reception in Honour0f Foreign Expcrts

The General Office of theState Council gave a grand re-ception on New Year's Eve inhonour of the foreign expertsand their spouses from morethan 40 countries on the fivecontinents.

4

Li Hsien-nien, Member of thePolitical Bureau of the CentralCommittee of the CommunistParty of China and Vice-Pre-mier of.the State Council; TengYing-chao, Member of theC.P.C. Central Committee andVice-Chairman of the StandingCommittee of the National Peo-ple's Congress; and Huang Hua,

Member of the C.P.C. CentralCommittee and Foreign Minis-ter, were at the reception.

In his toast at the banquet,Vice-Premier Li extendedthanks to the ioreign expertsfor their valuable contributionsto China's socialist revolutionand socialist construction andthe promotion of friendshipamong different people.

Chinese People's FriendshipDelegation in Yugoslavia

The Chinese People's Friend-ship Delegation led by ChiPeng-fei, Secretary-General ofthe Standing Committee of theNational People's Congress, re-turned to Peking last December26 after an eight-day visit toYugoslavia.

Dzemal Bijedic, President ofthe Federal Executive Council,met and had a warm and friend-ly conversation with the dele-gation members during theirstay in Yugoslavia.

Delegation leader Chi ac-quainted President Bijedic withthe excellent situation in Chinaand the basic principles of herforeign policy. He said that theChinese people support both theYugoslav people's struggle todefend independence and sover-eignty and Yugoslavia's non-aligned policy and hope to de-velop further the relations o.f

friendship and co.operation be-tween the two countries.

When delegation leader Chitalked about the great victorYof the Chinese people in smash-ing the i'gang of four," President

(Continued on P. 20.)

Peking Rersieu, No. 2

Comrade Chen Yung-kuei'sReport

- At the Second National Conference onLearning From Tachai in Agriculture

On December 20,1976, Chen Yung-kuei, Member of the Political Bureauof the C.P.C. Central Committee and Vice-Premier of the State Council,made a report at the Second National Conference on Learning From Tachai inAgriculture which was held in Peking. Entitled "Thoroughly Criticize the'Gang of Four' and Bring About a New Upsurge in the Movement to BuildTachai-Type Counties Throughout the Country," the report expounded the greathistorie significance of Comrade Hua Kuo-feng being appointed leader of ourParty and of the victory of smashing the "gang of four"; it reviewed the acutestruggles waged by our Party against the "gang of four" centring round themovement to learn from Tachai in agriculture, and set- forth the task of con-tinuing to deepen in the rural areas education in the Party's basic line, so as

to achieve still greater development in agriculture. The report also called onthe Party committees at all levels to strengthen leadership, mobilize the wholeParty and make greater efforts to develop agriculture.

Comrades:

At the important moment when our Partyhas won a great historic victory, the Second Na-tional Conference on Learning From Tachai inAgriculture is being convened in accordancewith a decision by the Party Central Committeeon the proposal of Chairman Hua Kuo-feng.This is a very important conference. Our con-ference will give tremendous impetus to thegreat struggle to ex1rcse and repudiate the anti-Party clique of Wang flung-wen, Chang Chun-chiao, Chiang Ching and Yao Wen-5ruan, givegreater momentum to the movement to buildTachai-type counties than last year and encour-age us to make still greater efforts than lastyear. In the last few days, the comrades haveconscientiously studied Chairman Mao's brilliantwork On the Ten Major Relationships, reviewed

Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's summing-up reportto last year's national learn-from-Tachai . con-ference and studied relevant documents issuedby the Party Central Committee. They havealso read the evidence of the crimes of theWang-Chang-Chiang-Yao anti-Party clique. Allthe participants have warmly praised our wiseleader Chairman Hua, angrily exposed and re-pudiated the "gang of four," exchanged the ex-perience gained over the past year in buildingTachai-t5pe counties and mechanizing farmwork, and discussed future tasks. With ease ofmind and in high spirits, the comrades have fullconfidence in victory in accelerating the build-ing of Tachai-type counties throughout the coun-try, speeding up the development of agricultureand bringing about a still better situation.

I will now elaborate on a few questions.

l. A Greot Historic VictoryIn October this year, the whole Party, the

whole army and the people of all nationalitiesthroughout the country welcomed two happy

January 7,7977

events. One was that the Political Bureau ofthe Party Central Committee unanimously en-dorsed Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as Chairman of

the C.P.C. CentralCommittee andChairman of itsMilitary Commis-sion; the other wasthat the PartyCentral Committeeheaded by Chair-man Hua Kuo-fengsmashed the coun-terrrevolutionaryschemes of theanti-Party clique ofWang Hung-wen,Chang Chun-chiao,Chiang Ching andYao Wen-yuan to usurp the supreme lead-ership of the Party and state. The people of allour nationalities were overjoyed and the wholecountry was a scene of jubilation in celebrdt-ing that great historic victory.

This year has been far from ordinary. Thegreat leader and teacher Chairman Mao left usfor ever on September g. And prior to this, welost our esteemed and beloved Premier ChouEn-lai and Chairman Chu Teh. The whole Party,the whole army and the people of all nationali-ties in our country were in deep sor-row, and were at the same time rryorried aboutthe future and the destiny of the Party andstate. At that time we were indeed eonfrontedwith the real danger of our Party turning re-visionist and our country changing its politicalcolour. The Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao "gang offour" had Iong practised revisionism, createdsplits and conspired and intrigued under theguise of Marxism, and had long been engagedin activities to usurp Party and state power.During the period when Chairman Mao wasseriously ill and after he passed away, theyquickened their pace in a rush to usurp supremeParty and state leadership. They are a gang ofbpurgeois conspirators and careerists, typicalrepresentatives of the bourgeoisie inside theParty and unrepentant capitalist-roaders still onthe capitalist road. There are serious questions,too, in the political history of some of them. Iftheir plot had succeeded, if they had takenpower, they would have carried out a fascist dic-tatorship throughout the country and, external-ly, gone all out for national betrayal and capit-ulationism. Although it can be stated definitely

6

that they would be short-lived politically andthat they would not be iolerated by the revolu-tionaries who represent the interests of morethan 90 per cent of the people and who wouldcertainly get organized to overthrow them, acivil war in such a case would have been inevit-able and this would have meant a setback inthe Chinese revolution.

At this critical historical juncture, theParty Central Committee headed by ComradeHua Kuo-feng faithfully carried out ChairmanMao's behests and wisely and resolutely smash-ed the counter-revolutionary plot of the "ga'irgof four" at one blow, thus saving the Party andthe revolution. The great victory in this struggleis of great immediate importance and of far-reaching historic significance for our Party inadhering to the Party's basic line and policies,persisting in continuing the revolution underthe dictatorship of the proletariat and carryingthrough to the end the proletarian revolutionarycause in'China pioneered by Chairman Mao;ii consolidating and developing the achieve-ments of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revo-lution, strengthening the dictatorship of theproletariat, preventing a capitalist restorationand building socialism; and in upholding pro-letarian internationalism and continuing to im-plement Chairman Mao's revolutionary line inforeign affairs.

.Comrade Hua Kuo-feng is the successortrained and selected by the great leader Chair-man Mao himself. Having complete faith inComrade Hua.Kuo-feng, Chairman Mao wrotein his own handwriting "With you in charge,I'm at ease." Loyal to Marxism-Leninism-MaoTsetung Thought, Comrade Hua Kuo-feng hasfirmly carried out Chairman Mao's proletarianreVolutionary line and policies. Comrade HuaKuo-feng is loyal to the Party and selfless, openand aboveboard, modest and prudent, demo-cratic in his style of work, unassuming and ap-proachable and good at uniting with comradesto work together. He has the ability to lead thewhole Party and command the whole army andis an outstanding Marxist leader. The wholeParty, the whole army and the people of allnationalities throughout the country take tre-mendous pride in once again having a wiseleader of their own.

Our Party is a great Party, our army is agreat army and our people are a great people.

Peking Retsiero, No. 2

Since the victory of the new-democratic revolu-'tion, we have acquired the experience of.'2?years of socialist revolution and construction.Particularly in the Great Proletarian CliiEr]ralRevolution in which the bourgeois headqulrtersof Liu Shao-chi and of Lin Piao were smashedand now the "ging of four'l which tried towreck the country and ruin the people has alsobeen smashed, Mao Tsetung Thought has foundits way ever deeper into the hearts of the peo-ple and Chairman Mao's revolutionary line has,been grasped more firmly by the people in theirhundreds of'millions. Under the leadership ofthe Party Cenhal Committee headed by Chair-

ll. Hold Still Higher theFrom Tochoi in

A fierce struggle around the question ofwhether to persist in the movement In agricul-ture,-tearn from Tachai or to oppose it waswiged by our Party against the "gang of four"in the past year. This was an intense strugglebetween the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.

The first stage of the national learn-from-Tachai conference convened in September lastyear with the approval of the Party CentralCommittee was held in Hsiyang County. ChiangChing got to Tachai before the conference be-gan. What did she go there for? First, to attackTachai; second, to de=nounce the film Pioneers*;and third, to make-a so-called comment on thenovel V[oter Mdrgin. She wanted to lop off thered baqner of Tachai. She rabidly opposedChairman Mao's directive on the film Pioneersin an attempt to pull down the red banner ofTaching. She babbled that "the crux of thebook Woter Margin was to make Chao Kai afigurehead**" and that "at present, there arepeople in the Party Central Committee who aretrying to make Chairman Mao a figurehead."Her aim was to create confusion and schemeto split the Party Central Committee.

Chiang Ching made a surprise attack in anunscheduled talk at the opening ceremony of theconference on September.15. She accused thefirst secretaries of the provincial Party commit-tees of neglecting agriculture because they werenot attending the conference, although she knewfuil well that their absence was by decision ofthe Party Central Committee. She demanded

January 7,7977

'^ man Hua, our Party has become even moreunited and even more vigorous and the dictator-ship of the proletariat is more consolidated. Wenow have "a political-sitgation in which thereare both centralism and democracy, both disci-pline and freedom, both unity of will and per'-

sonal ease of mind and liveliness." Our countryj}-JUll of promise and the people in our country

"E5Titt"a withisonfidence in victory. There is

no obstacle d6qiF road foiward that cannot be

surmounted. A nEw upsurge in the socialist revo-lution and constrliltion is in the rnaking, and wemust heighten oirr revolutionary spirit to wel-come this new upsurge.

I

Red Bonner of Leorning

Agriculture

that her talk on Woter Morgin be printed andcirculated and a recording of her talk on thesame subject be played at the conference, in anattempt to make trouble and alter the confer-ence's orientation by levelling attacks at Chair-man Mao, Premier Chou and other leading com-

' rades of the central authorities. Comrade HuaKuo-feng who presided over the conference sawthrough her scheme and promptly reported itto the Party Central Committee and to Chair-man Mao. Chairman Mao sharply criticizedChiang Ching's talk: "Shit! Barking up thewrong tree," and gave the specific instruction:"Don't publish the talk, don't play the record-ing or print the text." Chairman Mao also askeda leading comrade in the Party Central Com-rnittee to relay this to Comrade Hua Kuo-fengbi.. phone. In accordance with- Chairman Mao's

* This film which depicts the heroic deeds ofthe oil workers in opening up the Taching Oilfield

. was approved by Chairman Mao hnd acclaimed by

.'the masses. (See Pekizg Rersieu, No. 47, 1976, p. 1,1.)** Water Matgil is a novel about a peasant war

towards the end of the Northern Sung Dynasty(960-1f27 A.D.). Chao Kai is the leader of a peas-ant uprising in this novel. After Chao Kai's death,Sung Chiang, a representative of the landlord classwho wormed his way into the ranks of the peasantinsurgents usurps the leadership and surrenders tothe emperor. Chairman Mao pointed out: "Themerit of the book Water Margia lies precisely inthe portrayal of capitulation. It serves as teachingmaterial by negative example to help all the peo-ple recognize capitulationists." But Chiang Ching,out of ulterior motives, tampered with this instruc-tion of Chairman Mao's.

t-'L'

t-

directive, Comrade Hua Kuo-feng instructed theconference not to play Chiang Ching,s recordingor circulate the text of her talk, and he toldComrade Wang Chien [First Secretary of theProvincial Party Committee of Shansi whereTachai and Hsiyang are located] not to play therecording in Shansi Province either,.thus givingChiang Ching a head-on blow and frustratingher scheme.

On October 15, Comrade Hua Kuo-feng, gnbehalf of the Party Central Committee, madethe summing-up report "Mobilize the WholeParty, Make Greater Efforts to Develop Agri-culture and Strive to Build Tachai-Type Coun-ties Throughout the Country." The report, animportant Marxist document replete with MaoTsetung Thought, won warm support from allthe representatives at the conference. Theysaid: "If we act in this way, we wilt be full ofdrive and have bright prospects." But the"gang of four" hated Comrade Hua Kuo-feng'sreport which had. been discussed and approvedby the Political Bureau. Immediately after thereport was made, Chiang Ching turned roundand viciously said to Comrade Hua Kuo-fengand me: "To put it mildly, that's a revisionistreport!" In this way she insolently la.belled it arevisionist report. However, the great leaderChairman Mao was very satisfied with the con-ference. Cha.irman Mao approved Comrads HuaKuo-feng's report the same evening it was sentto him. The report was issued to the wholeParty as Doeument No. 21 of the Party CentralCommittee-

Inspired by the guidelines of the report,the whole Party was mobilized, and the cadresand masses showed great enthusiasm. A tre-mendous upsurge in building Tachai-type coun-ties throughout the country soon appeared,giving impetus to all fields of work. The wholeeountr5r was full of vigour and the situation wasexcellent. At that moment, the "gang of four"hastily came forth and put up desperate oppo-sition in a bid to stamp out the movement tobuild Taehai-type counties. Wang Hung-wenrang up and asked for all the minutes of theeonfererlce, trying to eollect blacklist informa-tion on Comrade Hua Kuo-feng and other lead-ing comrades in the central authorities. YaoWen-yuan forbade the journal Hongqi to carryComrade Hua Kuo-feng's report, saying: "Wewon't publish it," "I just don't want to print

8

it;" Though the report had been listed in thetable of contents, he deleted it. He even opposedpublicizing Tachai and Taching. He instructedRenmin Rdboo with these words: "Don't play upTachai in everything you print"; "Be more cau-tious in publicizing Taching." The mass mediaunder the "gang of four's" control reeled offone article after another attacking Comrade HuaKuo-feng's report by innuendo. Chang Chun-chiao totally negated Comrade Hua Kuo-feng'sreport and ordered Shanghai not to implementit and to "stand firm."

.A sworn follower of the "gang of four" inLiaoning Province also frenziedly opposedacting in the spirit of the conference. He ob"jected to the calling of any meeting in this re-spect, big or small. Acting on the sinister injunc-tion of the "gang of tour," certain people on theShanghai municipal Party committbe raisedfour prohibitions: tr'irst, prohibiting mention of"The key to building Tachai-type counties liesin the county Party committees." They clam-oured: "Why not the provincial Party com-mittees? And what about the Central Commit-tee?" Second, prohibiting consoliclation ofParty organizations and rectification of thestyle of work. They vilified both as "metaphy-sical.'1 Third, prohibiting the dispateh .of workteams, slandering this practice as the "bourgeoisreactionary iine" or "tlie experience of Tao-yuaq*." Fourth, prohibiting education in theParty's basic line, smearing. it as "criticism ofthe petty bourgeoisie by the big bourgeoisie.?'They even went'so far as to use such languageas 'iWherr'wolves are in power, what's the use

of assailing foxes" to fling mud at the greatleader Chairman Mao and other leading com-rades of the Central Committee. They also vi-ciously attacked Comrade Hua Kuo-feng'sreport, quibbling that "even if the Chairman

* In 1963, when Chairman Mao called on thewhole nation to start the socialist educat-ion move-ment in both town and countryside, Liu Shao-chisent a work team with his wife as the leader toHopei Province's Taoyuan Production Brigade.Pretending to carry out the movement, she andother me-mbers of the work team attacked thecadres and poof and-Iower-middlb peasants whopersisted in taking the socialist road and shieldedthe bad elements in an attempt to bring about acapitalist restoration there. Liu Shao-chi andcompany lauded the so-called "experience of Tao-yrar" io the skies and plotted to popularize itthroughout the country.

Peking Retsieu, No. 2

checked off the document, it does not necessarilymean he, agrees. Weill have to see. Let him(referring to Comrade Hua Kuo-feng - ?r.) puton a show." How devilish reactionary they were!

Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's speech at themeeting on the criticism of Teng Hsiao-ping in February this year was discussed andendorsed by the Political Bureau and hadChairman Mao's approval. The speech clearlypointed out that the movement should be con-ducted under the centralized leadership of theParty Committees at all levels and that noattempt should be made to ferret out Teng'sagents at various levels. Trying to underminethe Party's centralized leadership, the "gang offour" went. their own way and put in their oareverywhere and glamoured for ferreting outpeople at all levels and even "a layer of per-sons," in an attempt to overthrow a large-num-ber of Party, government and army leadingconrades at the central and local levels.Chairman Mao instructed: "Don't affect indus-try, agriculture, commerce and the army." Butthey instigated and ganged up with some peo-ple to form "fighting groups," squawking:'oDon't produce for the wrong line." They madetrouble everywhere, paralysing some Party andgovernment organizations, effecting capitalistrestoration in several places and turning loosemonsters of all kinds to launch fierce attacksagainst the Party.

Owing to the interference and sabotage bythe "gang of four," some places became uncer-tain and wavering in implementing DocumentNo. 21 issued by the Party Central Committeein 1975, and some other places recalled theirwork teams conducting education in the Party'sbasic line. In view of this, the Party CentralCommittee planned in April this year to tele-phone a directive reaffirmi4g the corectness ofDocument No. 2'I and of carrying out educationin the Party's basic line in the rural areas, con-solidating Party organizations and rectifying thework style and sending work teams to the coun-tryside, and insisting on following through onall these. Chang Chun-chiao said insolently:"Who knows whether this education in basicline is correct or not!" "Ttre reactionaryIine made work teams go down and forbadethem'to return to their units to rebel. Is thispermissible?" and "Now we mustn't carry onaccording to the plans mapped out in Document

Januarg 7,7977

No. 21." As a result of obstructions by the"gang of four," the directive was not issued.

In May and June this year, the State Coun-cil directed the Ministry of Agriculture andForestry to convene on-the-spot meetings onsummer harvesting, planting and field manage-ment in northern China and on rice growing inthe south. On the authority of the Party Cen-tral Committee, I conveyed at these meetingsChairman Mao's instructions concerning the so-cialist education movement, reiterated the needto conscientiously implement the Central Com-mittee Document No. 21 and stressed supportfor the work of Party Committees at all levelsand grasping revolution and promoting produc-tion. This hit the "gang of four's" sore point.Their dgents in Shanghai and Soochow challeng-ed that I was not qualified to represent theParty Central Committee and smeared myspeech as being "100 per cent the theory of pro-ductive forces," and that I "know only how towork hard and sweat but know nothing aboutthe political line."

In spite of the fact that Chairman Mao'shealth had deteriorated, Chiang Ching went toTachai for the second time on September 2 torelax by enjoying the landscape, going onhorseback and -'watchi4g the deer. As .soon as

she got off the train, she turned on Tachai andtruculently said: "I've come to fight the revi-sionist line." She raved that "Tachai iS laggingbehind politieaily" and "following the revision-ist line." She"intended to pull down at onestroke the red banner of Tachai which,ChairmanMao had put up. She wanted to establish an-other "model." Whom did she have in mind?Her own self.

There are irrefutable proofs of the heinouscrimes of the f 'gang of four" in interfering withand sabotaging the movement to learn from Ta-chai and build Tachai-type counties throughoiitthe country. They opposed going alt out to crit-icize revisionism and capitalibm and build so-cialism, and they tried to pull down the redbanner of Tachai. The essence of their actionswas to usurp Party and state power, changethe Party's basic line and restore capitalism.

Confronted with the counter-revolutionaryattacks by the "gang of four,l' Tachai and Hsi-yang once again set an example for us by theirresolute struggle against the gang. With themasses and cadres standing firm against the evil

wind and overcoming all interference, the rnove-ment to learn from Tachai in agriculture pro-gressed amid the storrns of class struggle. Themore than 300 counties which already excelledin the movement have been consolidated andmade further progress. Another hundred or socounties joined the ranks of advanced units inlearnlng from Tachai this year. Many provinceshave persisted in conscientiously learning fromTachai and launched large-scale education in theParty's basic line, and large numbers of countieshave come to the fore in the movement to learnfrom Tachai. Spurred on by the education inthe Party's basic line, Shpntung, Kiangsu andAnhwei Provinces have made rapid progress inagricultural production. In 1975 Shantung in-creased its grain output by 2,750,000 tons com-pared with 19?4, and this year the provincechalked up another increase of 2,500,000 tons.Even in areas seriously affected by the "gang offour's" interference, many counties have stoodfirm and persisted in implementing DocumentNo. 2l issued by the Central Committee, learntfrom Tachai unswervingly and made newachievements.

However, we must note the fact that inter-ference and sabotage by the "gang of four" didcause great losses to. the learn-from-Tachaimovement and to agricultural production, andin places where they intervened directly, theconsequences were even more serious. Agricul-tural production in the six provinces of Yunnan,Kweichow, Szechuan, Fukien, Chekiang andKiangsi has suffered serious disruption ir1 thepast few years. In Wenchow, the most seriouslyaffected prefecture, the situation in many placesdeteriorated to such an extent that the land wasdivided up and commune members had to go it

alone. Polarization of rich and poor re-emerged,black markets became ra3npant and.the collec-tive economy disintegrated. Class enemies roderoughshod over the people, and the poor andlower-middle peasants were thrown into misery.There, cadres who upheld the collective. werestigmatized as "capitalist-roaders," while thosewho incited going it alone were dubbed "revolu-tionaries." The example of Wenchow showsthat if the "gang of four" had seized power,eapitalist restoration would have emergedthroughout the country, our country would havechanged colour and the people would againhave been thrown into the abyss of suffering.

Now that the "gang of four" has been top-pled, its seheme to sabotage the movement tolearn from Tachai and build Tachai-type coun-ties has also been smashed to smithereens.

But liquidating their pernicious effect andinfluence calls for tremendous efforts. We mustgrasp the ultra-Right essence of the counter-revolutionary revisionist line of the "gang offour" and thoroughly and penetratinglyrepudiate their crimes in opposing ourefforts to criticize revisionism and capitalismand build socialism and in attempting to pulldown the red banner of Tachai. We should con-tinue to conscientiously implement the sum-ming-up report by Comrade Hua Kuefeng atlast year's national learn-from-Tachai con-ferenee and persevere in criticizing revisionismand capitalism and going all out to build social-ism. We must hold still higher the red bannerof learninil from Tachai in agriculture, and do astill better job in the movement to learn fromTachai and build Tachai-type counties through-out the country.

published this year: "You are making the so-

cialist revolution, and yet don't know where thebourgeoisie is. It is right in the CommunistPirty - those in power taking the capitalistroad. The capitalist-roaders are still on thecapitalist road" has enabled us to get a deeperunderstanding of the Party's basic line andraised our comprehension of the importance ofeducation in the Party's basic line. We mustfollow Chairman Mao's teachings and Chairman

lll. Continue to Deepen Educotion in the Porty's Bosic Line

Comrade Hua Kuo-feng's report at lastyear's learn-from-Tachai conference expoundedthe principles, policies and significance forcarrying out educatioh in the Party's basic linein the rural areas in accordance with ChairmanMao's theory of the dictatorship of the prole-taridt. He pointed out: "Deepening education inthe Party's basic line in the countryside is thefundamental guarantee for building Tachai-typecounties." Chairman Mao's scientific thesis

10 Peking Review, No. 2

Hua's instructions and resolutely continue todeepen education in the Party's basic line.

At present, the primary task in carryingout education in the Party's basic line in thecountryside is to boldly arouse the hun-dreds of millions of peasants and wage a peo-ple's war in exposing and denouncing the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yao "gang of four." Our Party'sstruggle against the "gang of four" is, in essence,a continuation of the protracted struggle wagedby the Chinese Communist Party and the revo-lutionary masses led by it against the Kuomin-tang reactionaries and a continuation of theclass struggle between the proletariat and thebourgeoisie and of the struggle between Marx-ism and revisionism. The deepening of this strug-gle is a very down-to-earth and profound edu-

Our Porty's Bosic Line

A T the meeting on ttrt work of the Party Cen-fI 11a1 Committee in Peitaiho in August 1962

and at the Tenth Plenary Seqcisll of the Party'sEighth Central Committee, Chairman Mao putforward in a still more comprehensive way ourParty's basic line in the entire historical periodo; sesialism. IIe pointed out: "Socialist societycovers a considerably long historical period. Inthe historical Fdod of socialism, there are stillclasses, class contradictions and elass struggle,there is the struggle between the socialist roadand the capitalist road, and there is the dangerof capitalist restoration- Tle must recognize theprotracted and complex nature of this struggle.We must heighten our vigilance. We must con-duct socialist education. TYe must correctly un-derstand and handle class contradictions andclass struggle, distinguish the contradictions be-tween ourselves and the enemy from thoseamong the people and handle them correctly.btherwise a socialist country like ours will turninto its opposite and degenerate, and a capital-ist restoration will take place. From now onwe must remind ourselves of this every year,every month and every day'so that we can re-tain a rather sober understanding of this prob-lem and have a Marxist-Leninist line."

cation in the Party's basic line. Once this battleis won, the consciousness'of the cadres andmasses in class struggle and the two-line strug-gle will be greatly'enhanced and the tempo ofthe movement to learn from Tachai in agricul-ture and to build Tachai-type counties will befaster. The leadership at all levels must standin the forefront of the struggle and lead themasses in using the facts in the rural areas. tothoroughly expose and denounee the vile crimes

. of the "gang of four" in practising revisionism,creating splits and engaging in conspiracies andintrigues under the guise of Marxism andattempting to usurp supreme Party and statepower; thoroughly expose and denounce theirvile crimes in pushing the counter-revolutionaryrevisionist line and trying to subvert thedictatorship of the proletariat and restore capi-talism; and thoroughly expose and denouncetheir towering crimes in opposing our efforts tocriticize revisionism and capitalism and build

' socialism and in trying to pull down the redbanner of Tachai to disrupt the learn-from-Tachai movement.

Representing the interests of the landlords,rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries and badelements and new and old bourgeoisie andtaking the reactionary stand, the "gang of four"opposed going all out to criticize revisionismand capitalism and to build socialism. Theyrode roughshod over the people, committed allmanner of evil, and labelled and bludgeonedp'eople at random. Anyone who learnt from Ta-chai was stigmatized as "not grasping classstruggle':; anyone who iarried out education inthe Party's basic line was labelled as "directingthe spearhead of attack downward" and as

"opposing the corrupt officials only and not theemperor*"; anyone who carried out consolida-tion of Party organizations and rectification ofthe style of work was eharged with "capitalist

* In eriticizing the novel Water Margin, Chalr-man Mao pointed out: "Water Margin opposed thecorrupt officials only and hot the emperor." Em-ploying their customary trick of tampering withChairman Mao's directives, the "gang of four" usedthese words and attacked the movement in therural areas to consolidate the Party organizationsand rectify the style of work as only rectifying atthe grass-roots level and not the Central Commit-tee. Thus they were actually directing the spear-head of their attack against the Party CentralCommittee headed by Chairman Mao.

January 7,7977 11

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restoration" and "retrogression"; anyone whodispatched work teams to the countrysidewas accusd of "pursuing a bourgeoisreactionary line"; anyone wtro stressed thecentralized leadership of the Party wasaccusd of "supporting the capitalist-roadersand suppressing the revolution"; and anyonewho went all out to build socialism wasaccused oT practising the "theory of productiveforces," Charges and accusations were hurledright and left and the big stick was used here,there and everywhere, seriously dampening thesocialist enthusiasm of the cadres and masses.In a considerable number of places, confusionwas created "in people's minds and in the classranks, and Party organizations were messed up;the centralized leadership of the Party was dis-rupted, the democratic centralism of the PartyViolated, Party unity sabotaged, the Partyls finetradition trampled'on, efforts to grasp revolu-tion and promote production thwarted and thedictatorship of the proletariat undermined. Theywanted to change the Party's basic line, turnback the wheei of history, reinstate the over-thrown class enemies and fling the poor andlower-middle peasants back into misery.

The fact that the "gang of four" opposedgoing all out to build socialism and hurledcharges of practising the "theory of productiveforces" at random showed that they did notunderstand Marxism-Leninism at all. Atthe current conference, all eomrades havestudied Chairman Mao's On tbe Ten MajorRelationships and seen through the revisionistabsurdity of the "gang of .four" more clearly.As regards this garrg, "metaphysics is rampant."They pitted politics against economics, revolutionagainst production, the relations of productionagainst the productive forces and the super-strucfure against the economic base, in completeviolation of Marxism-Leninism-Mao TsetungThought. Chairman Mao pointed out: "Thereis absolutely no doubt about the unity of politicsand economics, the unity of politics and tech-nique. This is true now and will always betrue," "Ideological work and political work aretht! gdarantee lor accomplishing economic workand technical work, and they serve the econom-ic base. Moreover, ideology and politics arethe commander, the soul." The difference be-tween grasping revolution and promoting pro-duction on the one hand and practising the

12

"theory of productive forres" on the other iswhether one attaches the development of pro-ductive forces to socialism or to capitalism, thatis to say, the criterion is which road one reallytakes. What we want to criticize is the erroneoustendency of not grasping class struggle, notcaring about politics and not taking the socielistroad. We certainly do not criticize the develop-ment of socialist production.

In carrying out education in the Party'sbasic line, we should organize the cadres andmasses to conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung Thought, repudiate therevisionist fallacies spread by the "gang offour," smash the ideological shackles they im-posed on the people and distinguish Marxismfrom revisionism, socialism from capitalism,materialism and dialectics from idealism andmetaphysics. We should hold high the greatred banner of Mao Tsetung Thought and marchsteadfastly along the road of learning fromTachai in agriculture.

In carr5ring out education in the Party'sbasic line, it is necessary to do a good job ofconsolidating Party organizations and rectifyingthe style of work. We should conduct Marxisteducation on a wide scale among the Partymembers and cadres, wage active ideologicalstruggle and more firmly uphold the three basicprinciples "Practise Marxism, and not revision-ism; unite,. and don't split; be open andaboveboard, and don't intrigue and conspire."The problems of line, revolutionary drive, styleof work and unity must be solved well and theinfluence of

' the "gang of four" must beeliminated politically, ideologically andorganizationally. Resolute struggles must bewaged against the few unrepentant capitalist-roaders practising revisionism, creating splitsand engaging in intrigues and conspiracies. Insome places, Party members and cadres mustbe educated to overcome bourgeois factionalismand,strengthen proletarian Party spirit. TheParty organizations at all levels should be builtinto united and militant leading cores thatresolutely implement Chairman Mao's revolu-tionary line and policies. In consolidating theParty organizations at the grass-roots level, thecases-where power in some people's communesand production brigades. is in the hands of badelements, political degenerates, persons eager intaking the capitalist road, and goody-goodies

Peking Reuiew, No. 2

and those whose ideology still remains at thestage of the democratic revolution should behandled carefully according to the differentnature of each case. While stress is put onideological rectification in the course of consol-idating Party organizations and rectifyin! ttrestytre of work, organizational rectificationshould be carried out where it is really neces-sary, so as to ensure that leading power is trulyin the hands of Marxists and the poor andlower-middle peasants.

Cadres at all levels must persist in takingpa4t in collective productive labour. The cadresat the county, commune. and brigade levelsmust do physical labour for 100, 200 and 300

' days a year respectively. It is essential to takea correct attitude towards the Great ProletarianCultural Revolution, towards the masses andtowards oneself, warm).y support the. socialistnew things and make conscious efforts to re-strict bourgeois right. It is necessary to upholdthe principle of combining the oid, the middle-aged and the young in leading bodies andactively train and select new emerging forcesin accordance with the five requirements forworthy successors to the proletarian revolution-ary cause. The "May 7" cadre schools should berun well. Educated young people who go tosettle in the countryside should be given due.care and encouragement dnd they should behelped to give full play to their role in the threegreat revolutionary. movements of class strug-gle, the struggle for production and scientific

. experirnent.

In carrying out education in the Party'sbasic line, effective methods must be adopted"constanfly to imbue the peasant masses withthe socialist ideology and to criticize the ten-dency towards capitalism." The Tachai peoplehave said correctly: "Without blocking thecapitalist road one cannot take the socialistroad." Resolute measures must be taken againstembezzlers and grafters, speculators and profi-teers; corrections must be made resolutely inthe few places where san ziAi bao (the extensionof plots for private use and of free markets, theincrease of small enterprises with sole responsi-bility for their own profits or losses, and thefixing of farm output quotas for individualhouseholds with each on its own - Tr.\ has beenpractised and where land has been distributed

January 7,7977

to individuals. Firm criticism should be made

of capitalistic activities carried out under thesignboard of the collective and the collective

economy of the people's communes should be

switched back on to the correct path and con-

solidated and strengthened.

In carrying out education in the Party'sbasic line, the Panty's policies should be grasp-

ed well and the two different types of contradic-tions - those between ourselves and the enemy

and those . amoog the leople themselves -should be- strictly differentiated and correctlyhandled. "Help more people by educating

them and narrow the target of attack"' The

overwhelming majority of our cadres are good

or comparatively good. As regards comrades

who have committed mistakes, including those

who have committed serious mistakes, we must

adhere to the policy of "learning from past

mlstakes to avoid future ones and 6qfng the

sickness to save the patient." It will be all rightprovided those who have made mis,takes correct

it u*. A relative stability in cadres must be

maintained at the grass-roots level' The sabo-

taging activities of the landlords, rich peasants,

countlr-revolutionaries and bad elements and

new and old bourgeois elements must be

severely dealt with, and counter-revolutionariesand those who have indulged in mistreatingpeople, destruction and looting must be res-

olutely suppressed.

Education in the Party's basic line should

be carried out in a well-guided and systematic

way under the centralized leadership of the

county Party committees by the method of

combining work both inside and outside theParty, in both urban and rural areas and at

both selected points and in entire areas' Ef-fective work teams should be dispatched' They

should not take everything into their own

hands, but should rely on the commune Partycommittees and Party branches at the grass-

roots level and the poor and lower-middlepeasants. It is necessary to draw up an overallplan, grasp one-third of the work well each year

.and persist in doing so for a long time so thatthe task of consolidating the dictatorship of

the proletariat is fulfilled right through to the

grass-roots level and every county is built intoa fighting bastion that upholds Chairman Mao's

proletarian revolutionary line and adheres to

the socialist road.

13

lV. lt ls lmperotive to Bring About GreoterDevelopment of Chino's Agriculture

The present excellent situation calls forgreater and faster expansion of our country'ssocialist agriculture. This is a matter of com-mon concern to the people throughout China, amatter that has an overall bearing on thehigh-speed development of our country's social-ist economic construction.

We have now a number of advancedcounties that have distinguished themselves inlearning from Tachai and we have reaped richharvests for 15 years in a row, thus ensuring foodand clothing for our 800 million people. Thisis a very great achievement. But we must takenote of the fact that the interference and sabo-tage by Liu Shao-chi, Lin Piao and the "gangof four" were sgrious and that the tem-po o{ agricultural development has fallenfar short of the demands of the greatstrategic principle "Be prepared againstwar: be prepared against natural disas-ters, and do everything for the people'and the requirements of our country'ssocialist revolution and socialist construction.We must keep to the general line of "going allout, aiming high and achieving greater, faster,better and more economical results in buitdingsocialism," continue to implement the generalprinciple of "taking agriculture as the founda-tion and industry as the leading factorf indevelbping the national economy, furtherconsolidate and expand the collective economyof the people's communes, and make a leap fromsmall-scale farming with animal-drawn farmimplements to large-scale mechanized farming.Spurred on by the struggle to penetratingly ex-pose and relentlessly criticize the "gang of four,"we must resolutely fulfil the fighting tasks setby the Party Central Committee: Build' morethan one-third of the counties into Tachai-typecounties by 1980; realize in the main themechanization of farming throughout thecountry; take grain as the key link and ensurean all-round development, top the targets setin the National Programme for AgriculturalDevelopment and overfulfil the plans for pro-duction of grain, cotton, edible oil, hogs andvarious industrial crops and in forestry, animalhusbandry, side occupations and fisheries.

14

It is necessar5r to implement the Eight-Point Charter* for agriculture in an all-roundway and raise the level of scientific farming.It is imperative, in particular, to make unremit-ting efforts to undertake capital constnrction onthe farmland in a big way, do a good job ofthis great socialist undertaking and ensure highand stable farm yields. We have achievedtremendous successes in this respect but thedevelopment has been rather uneven; in a fewplaces mountains and rivers have remained asthey were.before and the people there still liveat the mercy of the elements. ThiS state ofaffairs must not be allowed to continue. Wemust wage.an all-out people's war for farmlandcapital construction by combining .the massmovement with the ranks of professionais. Wemust display the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle typilied by Tachai,fear neither hardship nor death and resolve towork hard throughout the year and for a longtime to bring about a great change in themountains and rivers and a new look to theland. The more enthusiastically the peoplework, the more we should be concerned withtheir well-being, pay attention to methods ofwork and guard against coercion and com-mandism. We must make sure that after a fewyears of hard work and by 1980, there will bean average of one-fifteenth of a hectare of landfor one person in the rural areas, land givinghigh and stable yieids irrespective of drciughtand waterlogging.

We must step up the pace of f,armmechanization. Damage has been done to ouriron and steel industry in the last few years as

a result of interference and sabotage by the"gang of four," which affected the prbgress offarm mechanization. We must race againsttime, surmount all difficulties and resolutelypush forward farm mechanization work. It isnecessary to learn from the experience of

* The Eight-Point Charter for agriculture: soilimprovement, rational application of fertilizer,water conservancy, improved seed strains, rationalclose-planting, plant protection, field managementand innovation of farm implements.

Peking Reuieu, No. 2

Hopei, Shantung, the Kwangsi Chuang Autono-mous Region, Kiangsu, Hunan, Anhwei andother provjnces, rely on the masses, display thespirit of self-reliance, make full use of localresources and energetically expand small localindustries and manufacture of farm machinery,and produce more chemical fertilizer, pesticides,farm machines and parts, and plastic sheeting.While the provinces, municipalities and autono-mous regions should mainly rely on their ownefforts, the state should make big elforts to helpthem develop small local iron and steel andother industries supporting agriculture andensure the aecomplishment of the great taskset by Chairman Mao of realizing farmmechanization in the main by 1980.

It is necessary to give full scope to thepeople's communes' advantages of being biggerin scale and having a more developed socialistnature than the former agricultural co-ops andconsolidate and develop the people's communesystem. As early as the initial stage of thepeople's commune movement, the great leaderChairman Mao noted: "Ite advance fromincomplete ownership by the GDmmune towardcomplete, single ownership by the commune isa process in which the level of production ofthe poorer production teams is raised to that ofthe better-off production teams as well as aprocess of expanding the cornrnune public ac-cumulation funds, developing commune-runindustries and realizirg tbc mechanization andelectrificatipn of agriculture and the industrial-ization of the'commune arrd the country as awhole. Although 1tr6 things directly owned bythe commune, such as Gotmmune-run enterprisesand other undertaliogs'ud public accumula-tion and wellare fuads et 1tr9 disposal of thecommune, are still linrilsd at present, hereinlies our great and bdght hope." We must followChairman Mao's instructions and energeticallyexpand commune- and brigade-run enterprisesand strengthen the economy at the communeand brigade levels. Considerable progress hasbeen made in developing commune- andbrigade-run enterprises since the start of theGreat Proletarian Cultural Revolution. By 1975,90 per cent of the communes and 60 per centof the brigades in the country had set upenterprises totalling over 800,000. But leadingcomrades in some piaces have not yet giventhem adequate attention, and the economy at

January 7,7977

the commune and brigade levels is still fairlyweak. We should give wholehearted support tosuch newborn things as commune- and brigade-run enterprises in line with Chairman Hua'sinstructions in his letter on the expansion ofcommune- and brigade-run enterprises. Weshould strengthen leadership in real earnest,keep to the socialist orientation, incorporateproduction, supply and marketing into stateplans step by step and promote the growth ofthe economy at the commune and brigadelevels so as to create conditions for the gradualtransition*.

It is necessary to adhere to the principle ofrunning the communb. diligently and thriftilyand in a democratic way, strengthen manage-ment, practise economic accounting, andconscientiously improve distribution work. Someplaces now are overstaffed with non-productivepersonnel and overburdened with non-produc-tive expenditures, and there has been seriouswaste and extravagance. Some other placeshave no reserve funds or very small amountsof accumulation funds. Efforts should be madein an earnest way to solve these problems whichare detrimental to consolidatingi the people'scommunes and mobilizing the commune mem-bers' enthusiasm for socialism. "lYe mustconsider all three, the state, the collective andthe individual," and correctly handle the rela-tionship between accumulation and consump-tron. "Except in case of exttaordinary naturaldisasters, we must see to it that, given increasedagricultural production, 90 per cent of the co-operative members get some -increase in theirincome and the other 10 per cent break eveneach year, and if the latter's income should fall,ways must be found to solve the problem ingood time."

Practical steps should be taken to help thepoorer communes and production brigadeschange their conditions. Party-committees at

* Gradual transition means transition to owner-ship by the rural people's commune. At the pres-ent stage, the rural people's ccrmmunes generallytake the form of three-level ownership, that is,ownership by the commune, the production brigadeand the production team, with the last as the basicaccounting unit. When the time is ripe, this willgradually pass over to the system of ownershipwith the brigade or even the commune as the basicaccounting 'unit and, in the distant future, toownership by the whole people.

15

all levels should strengthen their leadership,conduct conscientious investigation and studyand take effective measures to help deepen themovement to leafn from Tachai. While thecommunes and brigades should rely on theirown efforts, the state should give them neces-sary support in funds, mateiial, technique andequipment.

Serious efforts should be made to make asuccess of state farms for growing crops and1'3i,sing animals as well as state forestry andfishing enterprises. These undertakings, whichhave tremendous potential and offer a largeproportion of marketable products, have broadprospects. We must strengthen leaclership overthem and give full scope to the'agvantages bfownership by the whole people and the exem-plary role it plays.

Doing a good job in the exchange of com-modities between town and countryside is amajor issue related to the consolidation of the

There will soon be a new upsurge in themovement to build more Tachai-type cpunties.Party ccimmittees at all levels should strengthentheir leadership as effectively as they did inleading .the land reform and the movementsfor co-operatives and people's communes andmake sure that Party secretaries take a handthemselves and the whole Party goes all out todevelop agriculture.

Provincial Party committees shouldconscientiously grasp agriculture and the move-ment to learn from Tachai in agriculture andbuild Tachai-type counties throughout thecountry. AII seven sectors - industry, agricul-'ture, commerce, culture and education, thearmy, the government and the ,Party

- at thecentral and local levels, and all departments andtrades should go a step further and take ef-fective measures to do a good job in buildingTachai-type counties throughout the country.The programmes of all provinces, municipalitiesand autonomous regions for building Tachai-type countigs in 197? shouldte finalized at thisconference. The plans of vari-ous departments

16

worker-peasant alliance. We should, on the onehand, organize the timely supply of manufac-tured goods to the countryside to aid agricul-tural production and, on the other, educate thecadres and commune members to resolutelyfulfil state targets for planting food andindustrial crops and ensure fulfilment of thestate purchase quotas, and aid industry andtowns by supplying the cities and industrial andrnining areas with more industrial raw materialsand foodstuffs.

The shattering of the "gang of four" hasgreatly'liberated the productive forces. With themobilization of the whole Party and the effortsof the people of the whole country, we can cer-tainly make up for the time lost as a result ofinterference and sabotage by the "gang of four"and bring about a'greater and faster develop-ment of oui country's agriculture. The tre-mendous expansion of agriculture will in turnmotivate and promote a new upsurge in theentire national economy.

under the Central Committee and state organsto contribute to,building Tachai-type countiesshould be reported to the central authorities inJanuary or February next year. It is necessaryto further strengthen rural medical and healthwork, and do a good job in curing and prevent-ing schistosomiasis and other local diseases andin family planning.

The key to building Tachai-type countiesis the county Party committees. The existingTachai-type counties should continue to consol-idate and develop, while the other countiesshould strive to build themselves into Tachai-type counties at the earliest possible date.Acting in accordance with the six criteria* forbuilding Tachai-type counties put forward byChairman Hua, they should analyse the exist;ing conditions in their own counties, mobilizethe masses to discuss tully and work out theirprogrammes for building Tachai-type countiesand the yearly plans for implementing them,which must be seriously carried out. Check-ups and appraisals of the work done should be

, made periodicaliy. From now on, the Party

V. Porty Secretories Toke o Hond Themselves ond theWhole Porty Goes All Out to Develop Agriculture

Peking ;Retti.eus, No. 2

committees of all provinces, municipalities anhautonomous regions should start, on the basisof the programmes made by various counties;to draw up an agricultural development prog-ramme of their own for the period ending 1985.

The central departments concerned and theIeading organs at provincial, prefectural andcounty levels should introduce the "three-thirdssystem" with one-third of their cadres organizedevery year into work teams to go deep into therural areas, eat, live and work together withthe poor and lower-middle peasants, and takepart in building Tachai-type counties. ThePeople's Libri:ration .{rmy should carry forwardthe tradition of doing mass work and continueto take part in the movement to build Tachai-type counties.

The movement to build more Tachai-typecounties is a mighty advance by the 700 millionpeasants in deepening the socialist revolutionand speeding up socialist construction. In thismovement, new things will constantly comeinto being and many new questions will con-front us. Leading cadres at all levels, espeeial-ly Party secretaries at provincial and prefec-tural levels, should personally take part in themovement, carry out investigation and studyin selected spots and delve into matters forfirst-hand information so that they can gainthe initiative in leading the movement. Thecentral authorities are going to summon, some-

a The six criteria for a Tachai-type county areas follows: (1) The county Party corrunittee shouldbe a leading core which firmly adheres to theParty's line and policies and is united in struggle.(2) It should establish the dominance of the poorand lower-middle peasants as a class so as to beable to wage resolute struggles against capitalistactivities and exercise effective supervision overthe class enemies and iemould them. (3) Cadres atthe county, commune and brigade levels should,like those in Hsiyang, regularly participate in col-Iective productive labour. (4) Rapid progress andsubstantial results should be achieved in farmlandcapital construction, mechanization of agricultureand scientific farming. (5) The collective economyshould be steadily expanded and production andincome of the poor communes hnd brigades shouldreach or surpass the present level of the averagecommunes and brigades in the locality. (6) All-round development should. be made in agriculture,forestry, animal husbandry, side-occupations andfishery with considerable increases in output, bigcontributions to the state and steady improvementin the living standards of the commuhe members.

January 7, 1977

time before or after next year's summer har-vest, the Party secretaries .of all provinces,.municipalities and autonomous regions incharge of agriculture to a meeting at whichthey are to r€port on the wcirk in selected spots.We should firmly put into practice ChairmanMao's teaching: {'All secretaries of theprovincial, municipal and prefectural Partycommittees and the leading comrades of thecentral departments should exert themselvesand, on the basis of raising their level ofMarxism-l,eninism, turn themselves into expertsversed in both p<ititical and economic work. Itis necessary to do a good job of political-ideological work on the one hand and of eco-

nomic construction on the other. We shoulddevelop a really good understanding of eco-nomic construction."

The great struggle in smashing the "gangof four" will help deepen stegdily the socialistrevolution in both the superstructure and theeconomic'base and spur the vigorous develop-ment of construction work in all fields. Follow-ing Chairman Mao's instructions, Premier ChouEn-lai in his report on the work of the gov-ernment to the 4th National People's Congressproposed the accomplishment of the compre-hensive modernization of agriculture, industry,national defence and science and technology so

that our national economy will advance to thefront ranks of the world and our country isbuilt into a modern powerful socialist state be-fore the end of this eentury. Comrades, therewill be twists and turns in the course of realiz-ing this magnificent goal. But we ChineseCommunists have never been cowed by diffi-culties. So long as we persist in taking classstruggle as the key link, adhere to the Party'sbasic line, persevere in continuing the revolu-tion-under the dictatorship of the proletariatand so long as we come to understand more ofMarxism-Leninism, natural science and, in a

nutshell, the Iaws governing the objective worldand commit fewer subjectivist errors, the goalof our work of revolution and construction cancertainly be attained.

Let us unite to win stilI greater victoriesunder the guidance of Chairman Mao's pro-letarian revolutionary line and the leadershipof the Party Central Committee headed byChairman Hua!

17

At Welcome Bonquet Given by the Stote Council

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independence, nations want liberation, and thepeople want revolution - these trends haveconverged into an irresistible historical tidecleaning up the mire of the old world. Thepeople of the numerous third v/orld countriesare playing an ever growing role'as the mainforce in the united struggle against imperialism,colonialism and hegemonism."

"In recent years, the situation in SouthAsia has also been developing in a directionmore and more favourable to the people andunfavourable to imperialism and hegemonism.The developments and changes in the situationin South Asia, particularly in Bangladesh, area profound proof that the South Asian peoplesare stronglf opposed to hegemonist and expan-sionist aggression, interference, subversion orcontrpl and that they are determined to. protecttheir own national dignity and take the road ofindependence. The superpower that flaunts thetitle of the so-called 'natural ally' of the thirdworld is resorting to nice rhetoric and changefuldeceptive tactics. But its sinister intention tocontrol and enslave the South Asian countrieshas been seen through by more and more peo-ple. The just struggles waged by the people ofthe South Asian countries to defend their na-tional independence and state sovereignty dem-onstrate that they are not to be bullied. In theend, the perversive actions of all reactionarieswill prove to be boomerangs. We firmly be-lieve that the people of the South Asian coun.tries will frustrate all enemy schemes and plotsso long as they maintain sharp vigilance, persistin struggle and strengthen their unity."

Recalling the historic victories won in 1976, amost extraordinary year in China, he said: "Atthe beginning of 1977, a most promising year, theChinese people of all nationalities are full of con-fidence qpd fighting spirit.'n He continued: "Underthe leadership of the Party Central Committeeheaded by Chairman Hua, the entire Chinese

Vice-Premier Li Hsien'nien's Speech

.Following are highlights of the speech. -Ed..

AN behalf of Chairman and Premier Huat/ Kuo-fe.rg and the Chinese Government andpeople, I wish to extend our warm welcome toMajor General Ziaur Rahman and the otherdistinguished guests from Bangladesh."

"In recent years, the people of Bangladeshhave achieved marked success in their unremit-ting struggle against hegemonism and elpan-sionism. Particularly in the past year, the Gov-ernment and people' of Bangladesh led byMajor General Ziaur Rahman, defying duressand pressure, have firmly defended their na-tional independence and state sovereignty, dis-playing lofty patriotism and heroism of daringto struggle. The Chinese Government and peopleexpress our highest admiration for this. We areglad to note that the Government and people ofBangladesh have also achieved very gratifyingsuccesses in developing their national economy,especially in agricultural production. In foreignaffairs, the Bangladesh Government pursues apolicy of non-alignment, supports the juststruggles of ttre people of various eountries andworks to strengthen its unity, co-operation andmutual assistance with other third world coun-tries, thus making a positive contribution to thecause of unity of all peoples of the world againstimperialism, colonialism and hegemonism. TheChinese Government and people sincerely con-gratulate the Government and people of Bangla-desh on your every achievement and wish youcontinuous new victories on your road ofadvance !"

On the international situation, he said: 'Atpresent the international situation is excellentand most heartening. The world is advancingamidst turmoil, and the people are awakeningin the course of their struggl'e. Countries want

18 Peking Retsieto, No. 2

people are determined to unite and wage acommon struggle to win still greater victories.We will unswervingly implement ChairmanMao's revolutionary }ine and policies in thefield of foreign affairs, strengthen our unitywith the international proletariat, the people ofthe third world countries and the people of thewhole world and, together with them, carry thestruggle against imperialism and hegemonismthrough to the end."

In conclusion, he said: "There is a pro-found.traditional friendship between the peo-ples of China bnd Bangladesh. Friendly contactsbetween the two peoples started more than athousand years ago. Our two peoples have al-ways supported and sympathized with eachother in the struggle against imperialism and

colonialism. In his lifetime our esteemed andbeloved Premier Chou En-lai visited Daccatwice and was accorded most ceremonious andenthusiastic welcome by the Bengali people, thememory of whose friendly sentiments is stillfresh in the minds of the Chinese people. Chinaand Bangladesh are both developing countriesbelonging to the third world. We note withsatisfaction that since the establishment of diplomatic relations, the traditional friendship be-tween our two countries has made new progressthanks to the joint efforts of our Govertrmentsand peoples. The Chinese Government and peo-ple firmly support the Government and peopleof Banglidesh in their just struggle to safe-guard national independence and state sover-eignty and resist foreign interference."

sumption of the supreme leadership of theChinese nation. The qualities of initiative, firm-ness and wisdom that Chairman Hua has al-ready displayed give me confidence that underhis leadership the Chinese people will marchfrom strength to strength."

On the foreign policy of Bangladesh, hesaid: "We in Bangladesh feel that an edifice ofpeace, r€gional as well as global, should be builton the firm foundation of high and noble prin-ciples of international conduct. Our accessionto the various international organizations - theUnited Nations, the Islamic Conference, theNon-Aligned Group - is based on the firm be-lief that they reflect the basic aspirations ofmankind for freedom from subjugation and e>:-

ploitation and their legitimate desire to shapetheir destiny without pressure or interferencefrom outside.

"We believe that only in conditions ofstable peace will we be able to apply all ourenergies to our national economic developmentwhich would lend meaning and substance toour independence and sovereignty. We, there-fore, view with concern the fact that there areregions where stable equilibrium has yet to be

Maior General Ziaur Rahman's Speech

Follouing are highlights of the speech. -Ed.

ff-E said: "M/ prEsence here today alsoIl affords me the sad but welcome opportuni-ty to reiterate our solidarity with the Chinesenation in their boundless grief at the passingaway of one of the greatest teachers and lead-ers of mankind, Chairman Mao Tsetung. Wein Bangladesh spontaneously shared your griefat this irreparable loss. I personally convey toyou once ag*in today our sincere and heartfeltcondolences.

"During the year that has just passed, theChinese nation suffered other grievous losses inthe passing away of their beloved Premier ChouEn-lai and their redoubtable revolutionaryfighter Chu Teh. On top of all these was addedthe series of devastating earthquakes that rock-ed the great land. It is a measure of the heroicquality of the great Chinese nation that un-daunted by these calamities they turned griefinto strength under the inspiring leadership ofChairman Hua Kuo-feng, and are alreadymarchi-ng ahead to their chosen goal.

"It is my great privilege on this occasionto convey our warmest felicitations on his as-

January 7,1977 19

reached. The situation in the Middle East con-tinuds to pose a threat to peace in Asia. Webelieve that a just and lasting peace in theMiddle East can be established only on the basisof complete Israeli withdrawal from all occupiedArab land and the exercise by the Palestiniansof their inalienable rights insluding the estab-lishment of their own state. Another area ofgrave tension and conflict is southern Africawhere minority, racist regimes of Zimbabwe,Namibia and South Africa continue to deny thelegitimate rights to the majority 'population.

History has demonstrated again and again thatthe right of self-determination cannot be deniedto peoples conscious of their rights and pre-pared to fight for them. Unless the racist re-gimes hand over power to their rightful owners,the struggle of the people will eontinue.

"We believe that the Indian Ocean shouldbe declared a zone of peace. In order to makethis meaningful the littoral and hinterlandstates should renounce the threat or use of forceagainst one another.

"Left far behind in the march of history,what we in Bangladesh have is a commitmentto enduring peace, stability and harmonious re-lations among countries in the South Asiansubcontinent. Only such conditions will enableus to devote our entire energy to tackling thecritical problems of hunger, disease, illiteracyand unemployment. To this end we have con-sistently pursued a policy of maintaining rela-

tion with our close neighbours on the basis ofmutual "".p"tt for equality, independence andnon-interference in each other's internal affairs.The stresses and strains in the affairs of thesubcontinent have not deterred u$1n our resolveto consolidate our sovereignty and safeguardour genuir.re and true independence. We havepersisted in this inspite of the loss .of manyvaluable lives and notwithstanding the disrup-tion caused among the inhabitants of our bor-der areas and the hardships caused by diversionof the waters of the River Ganges. We desireto seek solutions of these problems on the basisof equity and justice, and look forward to thecontinuance of our dialogue with our neighbour.

"Bangladesh stands shoulder to shoulderwith the people of the third world in theirstruggle against expansionism and hegemonism.Bangladesh supports the just struggle of thethird world countries for establishment of a newinternational economic order."

On Bangladesh-China relations, he said:"We in Bangladesh consid€r ourselves a closeneighbour of your great country. We have noeommon border but at the closest point our ter-ritories are within miles of each other." Hecontinued: "Although diplomatic r.elations be-tween our two countries are new, the friendshipbetween our peoples has endured well over amillennium." He concluded: "Today, geograph-ical and historical factors.have been reinforcedby an identity of intent and purpose."

rII

(Continued from P. 4.)

Bijedic said that the Yugo-slav people rejoiced at thisachievement by the' Chinesepeople.

In his remarks, President Bi-jedic said that Yugoslavia willcontinue to pursue firmly anon-aligned policy. Referringto relations with some big pow-ers, he demanded that they re-

20

spect Yugoslav indePendenceand sovereignty, saying thatany interference in Yugoslavinternal and external policy willnot be tolerated.

Dealing with relations be-tween Yugoslavia and China,President Bijedic expressed thehope that the two countries willincrease mutual understandingand friendship and furtherdevelop their relations of co-operation in all respects.

Dusan Petrovic, President ofthe Yugoslav Socialist Allianeeof the Working People, gave abanquet in honour of the dele-gation. Milos Minic, Vice-President of the federal Exdcu-tive Council and Secretary forForeign Affairs, also met dele-gation leader Chi anfl the othermembers.

Wherever the delegation went,the members were given a wbrmwelcome.

Pekbw Retsieu, No. 2

World's People Praise Chairmim Mao'slmmense ContributionsrrillllllllllllllillllllllIll!llllrrlrIrIIIIIIMIrIIrrlriltIIIIIIIIrIIIrIIIIIIIIlnIIlilIIIIlltil!lt

IUIORE than three months have elapsed sinceIYI ilrc passing of the great leader and teacherChairman Mao Tsetung. Like the Chinese peo-ple, the people the world over still mourn himand pay tribute to him. He is eulogized by allthe revolutioirary people, revolutionary politicalparties and organizations and progressive publicopinion in all countries as well as by many lead-ers of the third world. In different languages,they say: Although Chairman Mao Tsetungpassed away, Mao Tsetung Thought and the rev-olutionary cause he pioneered "have taken rootin the earth," hii teachings are "deeply printedin our hearts," "the immense contributions of.Mao Tsetung will warm for ever the hearts ofall the revolutionary. people in the world," hisname is "engraved in golden letters in the heartsof the working class throughout the world," andhis image "will shine for ever on mankind likethe sun and the moon,"

Gtorious Rood

The people of the world deeply cherish thememory of Chairman Mao. The victory of therevolution of the Chinese people led by Chair-man Mao'blazed a new trail for the cause ofliberation cf the oppressed nations and oppress-ed people of the world.

Many foreign friends have pointed out thatthe great socialist China founded by ChairmanMao and standing erect like a giant in the East"has an inestimable influence" on all countries,nations and people that want independence,liberation and revolution. A Japanese radiooperator on board ship unfolded a mapof the world as he thought of ChairmanMao. He noted the drastic changes that hadtaken place in the world in the past 20 years andmore as an increasing n'umber of countries wonindependence'while imperialism, colonialism andhegemonism found the going tougher andtougher. All these changes, he said with emotion,were inseparable from the influence of thevictory of the Chinese revolution. That was why

January 7,1977

the people in Asia, Africa and Latin Americapraised Chairman Mao for "founding a newChina which has changed the face of the world."They regarded the victory oT the Chinese rev-olution as "an encouragement to the militancyof the Asian, Afri,can and Latin American peo-ple in their struggle for liberation."

The oppressed nations and oppressed pgopteof the world have come to realize through theirown experience that the road of armed strugglepointed out by Chairman Mao is the only roadto their liberation. The people of Algeria whofired the first shot in the war againsf Frenchcolonial ru).e, fighters in some Latin Amerieancountries . who are continuing their struggle inprison, revolutionary fighters in the jungles ofsome Southeast Asian countries, Palestinianguerlillas and the freedom fighters in Zimbabweand Namibia expressed profound sentiments inwriting poems praising Chairman Mao and let-ters paying tribute to him and held rallies com-mernorating him. What their words boil downto is that the road charted by Chairman Mao is"a new and broad road" for the cause of libera-tion of the oppressed nations and oppressed peo-ple the world over. Chairman Mao "made greathistoric contributions that opened a new periodfor the cause"of liberation of the people through-out the world," and Chairman Mao's brilliantthesis that "political power grows out of thebarrel of

'a gun" is a "beacon" and an "irefutablegreat truth" guiding the world's people in theirrevolutionary struggle.

The glorious road opened by the Chinesepeople under the leadership of Chairman Maois encouraging the world's people to win newvictories in their struggle for independence andiiberation.

Wise Strotegy

The people of the world deeply cherish the.memory of Chairman Mao, because it was hewho, using ttre. Marxist method of class analysisand applying dialectical materialism and histori-

21

cal materialism, advanced the wise thesis of thethree worlds after making a penetrating analysisilf the basic contradictions in the contemporaryera and the division and realignment of the in-ternational political forces.

Revolutionaries in many countries describethe following analysis of Chairman Mao's as ab-solutely correct: The two superpowers - theSoviet Union and the United States - who be'long to the frrst world are the biggest interna-tional oppressors and exploiters in the contem-porary eia and the source of a new world war;the developed countries of the second world op-press and exploit the third world eountries,while at the same time they are oppressed, ex-ploited, controlled and intimidated by the su-perpowers; oppressed and exploited by colonial-ism and imperialism, the numerous third worldcountries are the main force in opposing impe-rialism, hegemonisrn of the two superpowers inparticular. Comrade E.F. Hill, Chairman of theAustralian Co{nmunist Party (Marxist-Leninist),said: "Chairman Mao's Marxist-Leninist pro-letarian foreign policy with its profoundanalysis of the three worlds and the implicationof this analysis correetly answered the all-im-portant question in the world class struggle -who are our friends and who are our enemies.It corectly identified the world dominationstrivings and menace of the two superpowers,emphasized the grave danger of Soviet social-lmperialism, showed the decisive role of thethird world and correctly estimated the positionof the countries between the two superpowersand the third world. Such an analysis is a pow-erful weapon in the hands of the proletariatand peoples of the world - it fills them withoptimism." Octobre, organ oI the CommunistParty of Switzerland (Marxist-Leninist), noted:"Ccmrade Mao Tsetung studied and analysedthe world situation in the past years. Hisanalysis is the basis of the revolutionary foreignpolicy of the People's Republic of China andthe general strategy of the Marxist-Leninists ofvarious countries." The works of Comrade MaoTsetung are "a compass in the struggle againstthe enemies."

The wise stralegic thought of ChairmanMao has been repeatedly borne out by the de-velopment of the objective reality and under-stood by more and more people and has become

22

a powerful ideological weapon for the people ofall countries in their struggle against the twosuperpowers. A Japanese journal said: "Majorevents in re'al life have proved time and againthe correctness of Chairman Mao's views of theworld situation. The strategic thought expound-ed by Chairman Mao is giving more and morepeople the firm conviction that the wotldwidestruggle against hegemonism is rapidly growingand gaining momentum."

As the main force'in the current worldwidestruggle against imperialism, colonialism andhegemonism, the third world countries havefurther strengthened their. unity and are playinga more and more important role. As a memberof the third world, socialist China firmly sideswith it and has won praise from the people ofthe third world countries. Ttre Malian paperL'Essor (Progress) said: "We can say that MaoTsetung, through his contributions to Marxism,integrated the demands of the socialist revolu-tion with those of the national-liberation move.ment. Indeed, since the October SocialistREvolution, people have said that the nationalrevolution of the people of the colonies and de-pendencies has become an integral part of thesocialist revolution - the great world revolu-tion against imperialism. However, it was MaoTsetung who made the greatest contribution inmaking the third world realize thi's itself." '

Struggle Agoinst Modern Revisionism

The people of the world deeply cherish theniemory of Chairman Mao because it was hewho initiated the struggle against modern re-visionism with the Soviet revisionist renegadeclique at the centre, inherited, defended and de-veloped Marxism-Leninism, greatly enrichedthe theoretical treasure house of Marxism andadvanced the international commurlist move-ment.

As a result of the usurpation o{ the SovietParty and state power by the Khrushchov-Brezhnev renegade clique, the Soviet Union, thebirthplace of Leninism, changed poiitical colourand the international communist movement wasonce thrown into a difficult situatlon -

r'![i1f61

clouds snow-laden, cotton. fluff flying, none orfew the unfallen flowers," a situation describedby Chairman Mao in his poem Winter Clouilsin December 1962. The world's Marxist-Lenin-

Peking Reoieu, No. 2

i

ists and revolutionaries will never forget Chair-mari Mao's indelible contributions to the inter-national communist movement in initiating withthe sharpest farsightedness the movement to re-pudiate modern revisionism with the Soviet re-visionist renegade clique at the centre. Theywill never forget that it was Chairman Mao who"pointed out the orientation of advance for theproletarian revolution" and "pushed humanhistory forward." This is another "great strug-gle of far-reaching historic significance" afterthe great struggles launched by Marx and Leninin the history of the international communistmovement. The Marxist-Leninist Parties andorganizations and revolutionary people of allcountries sincerely praised Chairman Mao whenthey recalled this vigorous international anti-revisionist struggle. They pointed out: "Chair*man Mao Tsetung became the guide for theworld revolution at the diffictilt moment" whenthe Soviet revisionists "attempted to divert thepeople and proletariat of various countries fromthe road of revolution"; Comrade Mao Tsetung"once again pointed to the road to be followed bythe working class and the Communist Party toaccomplish the socialist revolutign"; he "provid-ed the Communists of the world with a weaponso that they can carry aloft the banner of com-munism cast aside by the revisionists and carryon the struggle against capitalism and imperial-ism and for national and social emancipationuntil final victory."

Tempered in this anti-revisionist struggle ofworld historic significance, Marxist-LeninistParties and organizations in many countrieshave plunged into the new struggle with greaterresolve. Max Cluzot, General Secretary of theMarxist-Leninist Revolutionary CommunistParty of France, wrote in an article that Chair-man Mao "strengthened politically and ideologi-eally the revolutionary will of the working classenfeebled by revisionism and by the eJfects ofthe domination of revisionism." French revolu-tionaries have regarded the struggle against re-visionism of all descriptions as "a decisive task."Some Marxist-Leninist Parties and organizationsin Western Europe have voiced their determina-tion to carry on the struggle against revisionismand opportunist ideas of all sorts, taking MaoTsetung Thought as "the guide to action." AndMarxist-Leninist Parties and organizationsthroughout the world are growing in strength

January 7,1977

in this struggle. Workers, peasants, studentsand progressives in many capitalist countries areconscientiously studying the works of ChairmanMao and disseminating Mao Tsetung Thought,pledging to work harder than ever for the over-throw of capitalism.

The struggle against revisionism is also thegreatest encouragement to the people of thccountries ruled by revisionist cliques. A Sovietcitizen said that the Soviet people and all trueCommunists "must follow the example of MaoTsetung and continue to persevere in revolu-tionary struggle." A Polish worker said: Wemust continue to advance on the revolutionaryroad charted by Chairman Mao.

Continuing the ReYolution

People all over the world deeply cherish thememory of Chairman Mao, because it was hewho, for the first time in the history of thedevelopment cf Marxism, explicitly advancedthe great theory of continuing the revolutionunder the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Summing up the historical experience of theproletarian revolution and the proletarian dicta-torship at home and internationally, the greatleader and teacher Chairman Mao Tsetung per-sonally initiated and led the Great ProletarianCultural Revolution, and solved the problem ofcombating and preventing revisionism and con-tinuing the revolution by integrating theorywith practice.

The Great Proletariaq Cultural Revolutionis a brilliant embodiment of Chairman Mao'sgreat theory of continuing the revolution underthe dictatorship of'the proletariat. This rev-olution has been highly extolled by the revolu-tionary people of all countries. Some of themhave pointed out that "this revolution is aimedat ensuring and consolidating the dictatorshipof the proletariat," that "the great revolutiontestifies to the necessity of continuing the rev-olution under the dictatorship of the proletariat,': and that it is "a landmark guiding Com-munists of all countries in the struggle againstthe bourgeoisie and revisionism and to advanceon the road leading to commuriism."

Through his thoroughgoing revolutionaryspirit, Chairman Mao provided the true Marxist-Leninist Parties and revolutionary people of thewhole world with the theory and practice eon-

23

t

rI

cerning how to prevent capitalist restoration insocialist society. An editorial in Nuersa Demo-oacia, organ of the Marxist-Leninist League ofColombia, pointed out: How can the proletgriatprevent capitalist restoration? What is to bedone to solve this proljlem? "The great Leninpassed away before solving these questions inpractice. Summing up the new experiences ofthe dictatorship of the proletariat, principallythose of China and the Soviet Union, and un-compromisingly defending the legacy of Marx,Engels, Lenin arid Stalin, Mao Tsetung pointedout explicitly for the first time in the history ofMarxism that classes and class struggle stillexist after the socialist transformation of theownership of the means of production has beenfundamentally completed, and that the bour-geoisie is right in the Communist Party, Heelaborated the whole theory of continuing therevolution under the dictatorship of the prole-tariat. One practice of this theory has been theGreat Cultural Revolution participated in byChina's millions of proletarian masEes." Thisgreat theory and shining practice are new con-tributions of paramount importance by Chair=man Mao in the history of the development ofMarxism; they represent a most brilliant chapterin the history of proletarian revoluiion.

The great leader and teacher Chairman Maohas left us for ever. While the proletariat andrevoiutionary people throughout the world wereoverwhelmed with grief and deeply mournedhim, they all hoped that the Communist Partyof China and the Chinese people would carryout the late Chairman's behests and perseverein continuing the revolution under the dictator-ship of the proletariat to ensure that China willnever change political colour. Carrying out hispredecessor's behests, Chairman Hua Kuo-feng,the wise leader, of the Chinese people and thesuccessor personally selected by the late greatleader and teacher Chairman Mao, shattered atone stroke the counter-revolutionary plot of the"gang of four" - the anti-Party clique of WangHung-wen, Chang Chunrchiao, Chiang Chingand Yao Wen-yuan - to usurp Party and statepo!r,er. This great political revolution is a mo-mentous application of Chairman Mao's greattheory of continuing the revolution under thedictatorship of the proletariat. It will furthereonsolidate and develop the fruits of victory ofthe Great Proietarian Cultural Revolution and

24

is of great immediate and tar-reaching histori-cal significance for China as well as the wholeworld. This grealvictory has had a tremendousworldwide impact and has been enthusiasticallyhailed by the people of all countries. A state-ment issued by a delegation of the Marxist-Leninist Communists of France said: "Thevictory over the clique of ambitious, anti-Partyand anti-people elements is a historic guaranteethat China will remain red under the leadershipof its Communist Party headed by ChairmanHua Kuo-feng." Kang Hyon Su, Member ofthe Central Committee of the Korean Workers'Party and Chief Secretary of the Party's Pyong-'yang Municipal Committee, pointed out that theCommunist Party of China and the Chinese peo-ple have smashed the plot of the "gang of four"to usurp Party and state power and that theysupport Hua Kuo-feng, successor to ChairmanMao, as Chairman o{ the e.p.C. Central Com-mittee and Chairman of its Military Commis-sion, "thus carrying out Comrade Mao Tsetung'sbehests and advancing triumphantly along theroad of socialism and communism charted byChairman Mao Tsetung." This is why theworld's Marxist-Leninists and revolutionarymasses speak with one voice: "This is a greatvictory of Mao Tsetung's Marxist-Leninist pro-letarian line over the bourgeois.revisionist line."

**Like the sun and the moon. Chairman Mao's

great thought shines brightly and his gloriouscontributions will live for ever! The revolution-ary people of many countries are resolved tostudy more conscientiously the works by Marx,Engels, Lenin and Stalin and Chairman'Mao'sworks and carry out the late Chairman's behestswith concrete action. An American friend said:

"We, the,working people of the world, are Mao'ssuecessols" and "\tr'e will continue the cause forwhich he fought" uttiil thu great goal of "com-munism has finally been achieved." A SriLankan friend wrote f€rvently in his poem

Etermal Glory to Comrode Mao Tsetung:

"Bringing into reality your optimistic dreams

'East is red' and 'world is red' is left to us.

"That world ,,vill be dedicateci to yourgolden name, holding aloft the banner ofvictory."

( H sinhu a C ort' e sp o nd, ent )

Peking Reuieu, No. 2

Revol utionory lvlemoir

Chairmon Mao's lnspection TourOf Nonniwsn*

by Tung Ting-heng

N-ANNIWAN in July 1943. Lush green paddy-r r fields; maize and soy bean crops swayingin the gentle breeze. A bumper harvest was insighrt. With the cherry-apple, maple and chest-nut trees on the hills as a backdrop, the farm-land below made picturesque Nanniwan moreattractive than ever.

As we were hoeing in the fields of maizeone swelterin$ day at noon, a messenger frombrigade headquarters came along and, out ofbreath, shouted from a distance: "Hurry, theBrigade Commander wants some of you men togo back to headquarters!" Having wiped thesweat off my face, I put my hoe on the groundand asked: "What's up?" "I've no idea either,you better hurry," he replied.

I was then head of the Fourth- Section ofthe 359th Brigade Headquarters. I reckonedthat something important must be happening.Otherwise, the Brigade Commander would nothave sent someone to walk more than ten kilo-metres to get w back. This thought gave wingsto my feet and in no time I "flew" back to Gold-en Basin Bay, seat of the brigade headquarters.

Brigade Commander Wang Chen broke thenews the moment we entered the cave: "Soyou're back. Get things ready, Chairman Maowill be here tomorrow!" I was overjoyed at thenews. .Iust to make sure, however, I asked:"Did ycu .say Chairman Mao will be here?""Yes, Chairman Mao," the Brigade Comman-der smiled, "You must be excited!"

I really was excited and for a while did notknow what to say. We got busy at once after

January 7,1977

the briefing without so much .as eating lunch,some comrades went to clean up the caves,others to put things in order in the newly builthouses. Comrades of the cooking squad went.tothe kitchen garden for fresh vegetables, to thepig-sty for fat hogs and rounded up the chickens.Someone said: "Let's show Chairman Mao some-thing of everything we've raisbd and grown."Someone else disagreed: "Impossible! There's noroom for so many things even if the whole cave'sat our dibposal!"

Transferred from the anti-Japanese front innorth China to the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Bor-der Region three years earlier on the order ofthe Party Central Committee and ChairmanMao, the 359th Brigade originally had been oneof the Eighth Route Army's main forces.Then, the Kuomintang reactionaries had be-sieged the Border Region with an armed forceof 300,000, coupling this with military attacks

' + Nanniwan is located southeast of Yenan innorth Shensi. Because of the attacks by the Japa-nese invaders and the en'circlement and blockadesby the Kuomintang reactionaries in the middle ofthe period of the War of Resistance Against Japan.in 1941-43, the Liberated Areas had encrmousfinancial difficulties. In response to a call byChairman Mao, government organizations, schoolsand armed forces in the Shensi-Kansu-NingsiaBorder Region and other Liberated Areas launehedlarge-scale production campaigns that resulted inboth the army and civilians successfully tidingover the difficulties. The Eighth Route Army's359th Brigade moved into Nanniwan to engage ina campaign for large-scale production. Because ofits remarkable production and self-sufficieneyachievements, it became oRe of the. best knownarmy units at that time.

25

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and economic blockades, and clamouring thatthey intended to "starve the Eighth Route Armyto death and destroy it by siege." The taskentrusted to us by Chairman Mao was to relyon our own efforts and develop production. Thiswas why we had come to Nanniwan where, withrifle in one hand and hoe in the other, welaunched a campaign for produetion in a big way.We reclaimed the wasteland, raised sheep andcattle, set up our own factories and transformedhitherto deserted Nanniwan into a place abun-dant in many things. And Chairman Mao wa-s

now coming to see rvhat wg'd done and surelywould be pleased by it.

That evening we naturally recalled howthings were three years before. Nanniwan hadbeen overgrown with wild plants and at nightwhen we went to sleep in shacks made ofbranches and twigs, we always had to be on thealert lest leopards or wolves broke inio.the:shelters. After dusk, there was not even an oillamp for light and we had to hold meetings inthe dark. There wasn't enough food and we hadto go into the mountains for wild plants. Thedaily meal consisted of these wild plants mixedwith black beans, sweet potatoes or fumpkins.The covering for our winter padded clothes wasof homespun wool coarser than gunny sacks andquilted with ox hair and sheep fleece. Whennew, it looked like a coat all right, but after ithad been worn a few days it began to changeshape and looked exactly like a half-filled clothbag. In summer, every one had only one pairof trousers and many comrades had to go with-out a spare one for a change. We had no socks

and had to make do with rugs in which wewrapped around our feet and tied with a string.There was no tooth brush, Iet alone tooth paste,

and we had to use a towel to clean our teethwith a pinch of salt on it. . . . Actually, quitea few comrades doubted at that time if we couldmake anything out of the barren land whichwas Nanniwan. But now when we looked at it,there was plenty to eat and wear and tor dailyuse, with lowing cattle and sheep grazing in thefields and sties full of fat hogs. In addition, wealso had set up a textile mill, an iron works, acarpentery's shop, a farm implement factory, ashop pickling vegetables and places makingvarious other things. VIq*g to supply thearmy, the cloth, towels aird sodp from. our own

26

factories also were available to civilian con-sumers. One folk song described Nanniwan asthe south China countryside in northern Shensiwhere food crops grew in abundance and cattleand sheep grazed everywhere.

Chairman Mao, this was the broad avenuewe had'blazed according to your instructions!With you Chairman Mao, neither difficulty ofany kind nor the enemy, however ferocious,could ever deter us.

We arose at dawn the next day, excited andeverybody smilipg. We kept looking at the roadto Yenan- Our place. we reckoned, was 30 kilo-metr€s from Yenan and iI Chairman Mao hadstarted at breakfast, it would take him a littlemore than three hours to arrive on horseback,but only an hour by car.

We waited around until noon. but ChairmanMao had not come.,. One comrade said:"Chairman Mao is far too busy. Maybe some-thing important has kept him and he isn'tcoming at all!" Another argued: "Don't talknonsense, Chairman Mao said he'd eome today,so he's sure to turn up." In fact,.gven that com-rade wasn't so sure himself.

At this moment a car droVe up with Chair-man Mao all smiles and getting out and comingirito our midst. We started cheering as he shookhands with all of us one by one. To BrigadeCommander Wang Chen he said: "Your cropsare growing fine!"

The guard who accompanied ChairmanMao on the tour told us that Chairman Mao hadinspected the crops along the way and had'talk-ed with comrades working in the fields. Thatwas why they had taken the whole morning toget here.

It was about lunch time. The Brigade Com-mander asked Chairman Mao to take a rest inthe newly built house and told me to go to thekitchen and see if lunch was ready. ChairmanMao said with a smile: "Lunch immediatelyupon arrival. This means that you've plenty offood grain!" As he was talking, he went straightto the newly built houses and caves with theBrigade Commander and the Political Com-missar for a look around,

I wanted to follow Chairman Mao and theothers on his inspection but I had to rush to the

,!{:*

rtt

Peking Rasieto, No. 2

kitchen to see how things weregoing. In high spirits, the cookswere busying around. There werea great many dishes being preparedof food produced by ourselves,fried, stir-fried or stewed.

While lunch was being servedin the room where Chairman Maohad had a rest, I went up to himand asked if there was any par-ticular dish he fancied, adding thatwe were in a position to offerwhatever he liked. He chuckled:"You've so many dishes here alreadythat I'm afraid I won't be able totry them all!"

I told him: "All the food herewas produced by us." But beforelong I found out that I was talkingtoo much since the Brigade Com-mander was telling Chairman Maoduction in Nanniwan.

about pro-

"What about the daily ration, edible oil andvegetables?" Chairman Mao asked.

"An average of 25 grammes of oil for every-one, vegetables are not rationed and one caneat his fill," replied Brigade Commander WangChen.

"Better food on Sundays?"

"We usually have rice or flour for lunchand there is pork or mutton from time to time,shared by several units at one time," DeputyPolitical Commissar Wang En-mou said.

Revealing his. sense of humour, ChairmanMao remarked: "The Kuomintang wants todestroy us by a siege and starwe us to death. Thelonger the siege the more weight you'll put on.Their siege is so effective that you comradeshere are no longer suffering from rickets."Hearing this, all of us burst into laughter.

All through luneh, the brigade's command-ing officers reported to Chairman Mao on how,production was going in the armed forees. Theytold him that when they first arrived everyonecultivated an average of one-fifth of a hectare,but this year, it was two. The watchword theyear before had been "Not a grain of food, an

Januarg 7, 7977

Flghiers of the Eighth Route Armyreclaimlng land at Nanniwan.

inch of cloth, a single cent from th'e govern-ment!" and for the current year it was "Twoyears' crops enough to last three."

As Chairman Mao listened, he kept smilingand nodding his approval. He said: "Difficultyis no unconquerable monster. When everybodystarts taming it, it gives in. With everybodyrelying on his own efforts, we can have all wewant, things to eat and wear and for daily use.Right now we have no aid from the outsideworld and even when we have in the future, wemust still rely primarily on our own efforts. Wemust not do like the Kuomintang does; thosepeople have to turn to foreigners even for thesupply of cotton cloth."

He was discussing work rather than eatinghis meal.

The lunch over, he continued his talk for a

while with Commander Wang Chen, DeputyPolitical Commissar Wang En-mou and othersenior brigade officers. After that he left thecave and inspected places around Golden BasinBay. As he walked along, he said that on theway he had got out of his car to examine thecrops and found them growing very well. Onlysome bean shoots were infested with worms. Hetold us that caution should.be taken to get rid ofthem and protect the young plants.

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When Chairman Mao got to the communi-cations company, rows of newly opened white-washed caves came into view. He asked wherethe lime had come from. Commander WangChen told him we quarried stones from themouritains and had our own kiln to make limeourselves. Chairman Mao asked if all the tablesin the caves had been made by the fightersthemselves. Commander Wang Chen said yes.

Chairznan Mao picked up an exercise book fromthe table, looked at what was written inside,felt the thickness of the "paper" and saidhappily:

"Is this birch bark? It certainly Iooks likea sheet of real pa.per."

Commander Wang Chen said: "We com-rades here prefer to call it the glossy paper thatcosts nothing."

"Here you have everything that costs younothing," Chairman Mao said with a smile, "Youcomrades hdve created everything with yourown hands to meet your own needs."

Commander Wang Chen said that birchbark could also be used to make lunch-boxesand rain-hats. He showed a rain-hat made ofthe same hanging on the wall to Chairman Maowho examined it carefully and spoke highly ofthe workmanship.

When the Chairman came into the kitchen,Li Chin-shan, an old cook who was choppingaway, immediately put down his knife and heldChairman Mao's hands in his own which wereall wet, not knowing what to say.

"What are you preparing?" the Chairmanasked.

"Stir-fried cucumber, also turnip soup," LiChin-shan replied.

"How many people do you serve?"

"Not many, forty or so."

"Yours is a painstaking job," the Chairmansaid by way of encouragement.

Li Chin-shan said that the job of the com-rades who worked in the fields and whose handswere worn was even more painstaking than his.

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Chairman Mao encouraged him further:' Acook's job is very important because only whenthe comrades eat well and have good nourish-ment can they exert themselves in production.

Chairman Mao went from the kitchen tolook over the pig-sties. Old Tu who was busyinside just smiled when he saw the commandercoming with someone. He did not know Chair-man Mao nor did it occur to him that ChairmanMao would come to see him. Coming close tothe sty and seeing the relaxed plump hogs andIitters of squirming sucklings, the Chairmancalled out to Old Tu:

"You old comrade there, these hogs youhave raised are fat and good!"

Digging inside the sty, Old lir aldn't trearwhat the Chairman said. So Commander WangChen added: "Comrade Tu, here is ChairmanMao. He says the hogs you've raised are fat!"

It was then that Old Tu became aware ofChairman Mao's presence. With his pick stillin one hand, he hastily saluted before replying:"I never raised hogs before. Ttrey're not fatenough."

Chairman Mao shook hands with him, ask-ing how old he was, where he came from and

when had he started to raise hogs.

The old man replied that he had only twoyears' experience at this and was still findinghis way. The Chairman said: "OId comrade,yours is a glorious job. Raise fat hogs so thatthe comrades can eat better. How about it?"

"Yes, yes," Old Tu answered gleefully.

Chairman Mao waved at Old Tu beforeheading towards the field to the west of thebarracks. On the not far off slopes there wereflocks of sheep and cattle grazing, maize, milletand beans swaying in the gentle breeze, deepgreen rice shoots alongside a bubbling stream,

and vegetables. Al1 kinds of things weregrowing.

Chairman Mao walked on and on withoutgetting tired. Accompanied by the brigade'ssenior officers, he walked along the path in thefields, talking, inspecting fighting Nanniwan,beautiful Nanniwan.

Peking Retsieu, No. 2

The Crux o[ "Gang ol Fou]'$" Criner

ls to Usurp Party and State Powor

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rnHE crux of all the counter-revolutionaryI crimes committed by the Wang-Chang-

Chiang-Yao anti-Party "gang of four" is theircomplete .betrayal of Chairman Mao's threebasic principles "Practise Marxism, and not re-visionism; unite, and don't split; be open andaboveboard, and don't intrigue and conspire,".their practice of revisionism, their creation ofsplits and their inkigues and conspiracies in avain attempt to usurp supreme Party and statepower, establish a fascist dictatorial regime andachieve their ultimate aim of restoring capi-talism.

Our struggle against the "gang of four" isa life-and-death struggle between the twoclasses, the two lines and the two roads. Theessence of the struggle is which class shouldwield power in our Party and state and whichroad our country should take.

With the insight of a proletarian revolu-tionary, the great leader Chairman Mao hadlong seen through the wild ambitions of the"gang of four" to usurp Party and state powerand had foreseen that they would make troubleafter his death. Chairman Mao pointed out in1974: "Chiang Ching has wil{ ambitions. Shewants Wang Hung-wen to be Chairman of theStanding Committee of the National People'sCongress and \erself to be Chairman of theParty Central Committee." He said to ChiangChing: "It'S hard for you, too, to mend yourways." In 1975, Chairman Mao again pointedout: "After I die, she will make trouble."First, Chiang Ching has "wild ambitions," sec-ond, "it's hard" for her "te mend" her ways,and third, "she will make trouble.?' This inci-sively shows that. the "gang of four" was notcontent with that portion of Party and statepower it'had already grabbed, but wanted to

Jarutarg 7, 1977

seize the entire Party, government and armypower. They wanted to be the heads of theState Council, the Standing Committee of theNational People's Congress, the Military Com-mission of the C.P.C. Central Committee andthe Central Committee of the Chinese Com-munist Party. Chairman Mao's words weremeant to alert the whole Party, the whole armyand the people of the whole country to bevigilant qgainst the overweening ambitions ofthe "gang of four" to usurp Party and statepower, and to guard against a counter-revolu-tionary coup by this gang.

With the utmost patience and magnanimity,Chairman Mao had exposed, criticized, educatedand struggled-against the "gang of fpur," hop-ing that they would call it quits before it wastoo late. Taking the attitude of counter.revolu-tionary double-dealers, however, the gangfeigned compliance while covertly opposingChairman Mao's criticism and did not rnendtheir ways in the least. They continued tocollude and stepped up their conspiratorialactivities to usurp Party and state power withmounting intensity. They obdurately opposedChairman Mao and the Party Central Cornmit-tee and alienated themselves from the Partyand the people till they were thoroughlydefeated.

While Chairman Mao was alive, the "gangof four" pretended to support him because heenjoyed high prestige among the people of thewhole country, but actually they racked theirbrains to subvert Chairman Mao's leaderstrip.They directed the spearhead of their attackagainst Premier Chou En:lai, Chairman Maolsclose comrade-in-arms, and other leading com-rades of the central authorities in an atternpt tocut Chairrnan Mao.off from what was going on.

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When preparations were beingi made for theFourth NationaTPeople's Congress in 1974, theysent Wang Hung=wen to Chairman Mao to framecharges against Premier Chou apd ask for per-mission for them to-form a "cabinet," openlyshowing their eagerness to usurp power. Fordecades, Premier Chou dedicated all his energyto resolutely implementing Chairman Mao'sproletarian revolutionary line and had ChairmanMao's immense trust. In wildly opposing PremierChou, the gang resorted to the counter-revolu-tionary tactics of "removing the ministers fromthe emperor's side*." Their aim was to opposeChairman Mao and his proletarian revolutionaryline. Chiang Ching said outright: "The aim of'removing the ministers from the emperor's side'lies in the 'emperor.i " Ttris short remark com-pletely exposed their criminal intent. The "gangof four's" vicious plan to replace Premier Chouwas sharply criticized by Chairman Mao andwas shattered.

After the passing of Premier Chou at thebeginning of 1976, the gang revealed their am-bitions even more openly. With great visionand farsightedness, Chairman Mao took oneeffective measure after another to counter thewolfish ambitions of the "gang of four." InJanuary 1976 he personally proposed that C.om-rade Hua Kuo-feng be appointed Acting Premierof the State Council and put in charge of thework of the Political Bureau; in April he de-cided that Comrade Hua Kuo-feng be appoint-ed First Vice-Chairman of the C.P.C. CentralCommittee and Premier of the State Council.The post of First Vice-Chairman had never be-fore existed in the history of our Party. Bybreaking with this convention, Chairman Maoexplicitly designated Comrade Hua Kuo-fengas his successor. Chairman Mao also issuedthe instruction: 'nlt is necessary to do propa-ganda and give publicity to Comrade Hua Kuo-feng to make him known to the people of thewhole country step by step." Later, ChairmanMao wrote down for Comrade Hua Kuo-feng inhislpresence: "With you in charge, I'm at ease."These wise decisions were mortal blows direct-ed against the ambitions of the "gang of four"to usurp Party and state power as well as animportant strategic plan for the whole Partyand the people of the whole country to defeatthe "gang of four." The hatred of the "gangof four" for Chairman Mao's arrangement con-

30

cerning his successor went to such extremesthat Chang Chun-chiao wrote his "Thoughts onFebruary 3, 1976"** in which he cursed ComradeHua Kuo-feng's becoming Acting Premier ofthe State Council as: "Moving up so fast andso menacingly spells a downfall that will bejust as rapid." This revealed the gang's invet-erate hatred for Chairman Mao in appointingComrade Hua Kuo-feng as his successor and alsoexposed their villainous motive td oust ComradeHua Kuo-feng. Using all manner of insidioustricks, they launched unbridled attacks againstComrade Hua Kuo-feng again and again.These expert m-udslingers instructed theirhenchmen to cook up an article in which,on the pretext of criticizing Confucius(541-479 B.C.), they attgcked ComradeHua Kuo-feng by innuend6 with such re-marks as Confucius "at 56'was promoted fromthe post of minister of clime (namely, ministerof public security) to the acting premiership ofthe State of Lu" and Confucius pretended toknow about farming and "show concern for thelivelihood and well-being of the people." LastMay the "gang of four" told its trusted follow-ers to make anti-Party speeches openly inwhich they clamoured for "liquidating" "otherpeople in command." At a conference discuss-ing planning work called by the Party CentralCommittee last July they instructed their hench-

'This tactic was first brought into play byPrince Liu Pi in 154 B.C. in. the early Western HanDynasty. He led his troops in revolt against thecentral authorities and demanded, in the name of"removing the minister from the emperor's side,"that Emperor Ching Ti have his chief councellor,Minister Chao Tso, murdered. Later, this practicewas followed by many careerists. The "gang offour" also used this counter-revolutionary tactic inorder to usurp supreme Party and state leadership.In wildly opposing Premier Chou En-lai and otherleading comrades of the central authorities, theiraim was to oppose Chairman Mao.

** On February 3, 1976 the C.P.C. Central Com-mittee issued Document No. 1 which relayed theParty Central Committee's important decision: Inaccordance with Chairman Mao's proposal, thePolitical Bureau unanimously adopted the resolu-tion to appoint Comrade Hua Kuo-feng as ActingPremier of the State Council. Long anxious forthe premiership, ChanE Chun-chiao that day.wrotehis lThoughts on February 3, 19?6," viciously at-ticking Chairman Mao's wise decision and slander-ing Comrade Hua Kuo-feng.

Peking Retsiew, No. 2

men to launch an attack, howling that theState Council .was the "source of' the- Ri$htdeviationist.--rrind" and assailing ComradeHua Kuo-feng as a "capitalist-roader still onthe capitalist road." In opposing Comrade HpaKuo-feng so blatantly, the "gang of four" wasactually trying to annul Chairman Mao's ar-rangement concerning his successor and seize

suprerne Party and state leadership.

"Make trouble, fail, rnake trouble again,fail again . . till th,eir doom." That is thelogic of all reactionaries the world overin dealing with the people's cause. The"gang of four" would not go against this logic.The whole nation was in deep mourning afterChairman Mao's passing, but the "gang of four'rwent into raptures over it. Thinking the timewas ripe, they were impatient to realize theirplot to usurp the supreme leadership of theParty and state. They were ready to takeaction and make trouble. On the day ChairmanMao died, they appropriated the name of theGeneral Office of the Party Central Committeeind issued a notice to various places throughoutthe country demanding that all major questionsmust be reported to them for instruction. Bydoing so, they tried to sever communicationsbetween the Party Central Committee headedby Comrade Hua Kuo-feng and the variousprovinces, municipalities and autonomous re-gions so that they themselves could issue ordersand command the whole nation. They wentaround making speeches and creating counter-revolutionary opinion. They had standardportraits taken of a member of the "gang offour" and instigated units under their controlto write "oaths of fealty" in preparing for theircoming to power. The "gang of four" attackedComrade Hua Kuo-feng from all sides andpressed him to hand over power. They fabri-cated the so-called "last words" of ChairmanMao, "act according to the principles laid down."Then they wrote an article viciously attackingComrade Hua Kuo-feng as "the revisionistchieftain" who had "tampered with ChairmanMao's principles laid down." This was an opensignal to seize power. (For details see "A Des-perate Move Before Destruction" in our issueNo. 52, 1976.) They even hatched an armed re-bellion and frenziedly howled about "being pre-pared to shed blood and be beheaded." They

Jamgrg T, 7977

w3-rs bqsy making preparations and rattliprgtheii sabres. The counter-revolutionary couphatched by the l'gang of four" to overthrow theParty Central Committee headed by ComradeHua Kuo-feng was like an arrow in the bow andcould be unleashed at any time. Our Party and-our state were in a critical moment.

Our Party has a history of more than halfa century and has experienced many tempestu-ous storrns. On many occasions there have beenpeople who intended to crush our Party fromwithin only to end in self-destruction. The "gangof four" tried the same lrick by taking advan-tage of the passing of Chairman Mao, and theytoo did not come to a better end. At the crucialmoment when the gang came out to create dis-turbances, the Party Central Committee headedby Comrade Hua Kuo-feng, carrying out Chair-man Mao's behests and representing the m'pira-tions of the people in their hundreds of millions,made a prompt decision and at one strokesmashed the plot of the "gang of four" to usurpParty and state power, thus saving the revolu-tion and the Party. The whole Party, the wholearmy and people of all nationalities throughoutthe country will for ever remember ComradeHua Kuo-feng's magnificent contributions inleading our Party to achieve the great victoryof smashing the "gang of four." Comrade HuaKuo-feng showed his high proletarian revolu-tionary mettle and political farsightedness, anddemonstrated his rich experience in struggle andexceptional organizational talent. He is theworthy wise leader of our Party and of thepeople of our country.

Practising revisionism, creating sp$t*.apdengaging in intrigues and conspiracies to usurpParty and state power are the characteristics ofall bourgeois c4reerists and conspirators hiddenin the Party during the historical period of so-cialism. This is true in the Soviet Union aswell as in China. Khrushchov, who rep.re-sented the interests of the new and olil bour-geoisie in the Soviet Union, staged a counter-revolutionary coup d'etat after Stalin's death,seized Party and state power and changed thepolitical colour of the Soviet Union. In China,Kao Kang and Jao Shu-shih set up an under-ground headquarters and engaged in reshuf-fling the Party Central Committee behind theback of Chairman Mao; Peng Teh-huai pulled

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together a "rriilitary club" and threw down thegauntlet to Chairman Mao; Liu Shao-chi re-cruited deserters and renegades to form abourgeois headquarters; Lin Piao cooked upthe auiline of Project "577" to stage a counter-revolutionary armed coup d'etat. All wereaimed at overthrowing the Party Central Com-mittee headed by Chairman Mao and replacingit by themselves. The "gang of four" carriedout the same counter-revolutionary intriguesand went even further than their predecessors.Donning the cloak of Marxism, they frenziedlysabotaged the revolution and production, per-secuted the cadres and suppressed the masses,and were dead-set on throwing the whole coun-try into chaos so that they could usurp Party andstate power in the confusion. firey are outrightbourgeois careerists and conspirators. Chair-man Mao warned us long ago: "Especiallywatch out for careerists and conspirators likeKhrushchov and prevent such bad elementsfrom usurping the leadership of the Party andthe state at any level." In hailing the greatvictory of smashing the "gang of four," thisteaching of Chairman Mao's means more thanever before to the whole Party, the whole armyand people of all nationalities in the country.

Just what's this "gang of four" ? It is abunch of counter-revolutionaries who sneakedinto our revolutionary ranks. They are activecounter-revolutionaries and some are even old-line iounter-revolutionaries. Our struggleagair^*t the "gang of four" is a continuation ofthe proiracted struggle which, under the lead-ership of the Chinese Communist Party, therevolutionary people .waged against the Kuo-mintang reactionaries and a continuation of theclass struggle between the proletariat and thebourgeoisie. After usurping a portion of Partyand state power, the'"gang of four" flagrantlydistorted and tampered with Chairman Mao'sdirectives, interfered with and underminedChairman Mao's strategic plans, pushed theirultra-Right counter-revolutionary revisionistIine and stopped at nothing to wreck the coun-try and bring ruin to the people. As a result,the country was not iranquil. If they had suc-ceeded in usurping supreme Party and statepower, thb victories won over the past decadesby the Chinese people under Chairman Mao'sleadership in the new-democratic revolution, inthe socialist revolution and construction and

during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolu-tion wouLd all be gone with the wind. "TheMarxist-Leninist party would undoubtedly be-come a revisionist party, a fascist party, andthe whole of China would change its colour."

- This dangerous situation would have con-fronted us just as Chairman Mao warned us.Our people would then suffer hell on earth, andcountlass people would starve, be thrown intoprison or even be killed. China has averted a

big retrogression in her history with the greatvictory of smashing the plot of the "gang offour" to usurp Party and state power. This hasfurther consolidated the dictatorship of the pro-letariat in our country and ensured that we cancontinue our triumphant advance along Chair-man Mao's revolutionary line. When we thinkof all this, we have a deeper understanding ofthe great significance of this victor), hate the"gang of four" more, cherish still greater Iovefor Chairman Hua Kuo-feng and the Party Cen-tral Committee headed by him, and are filledwith greater confidence in carrying through tothe end the cause of proletarian revolution inChina pioneered by Chairman Mao.

While exposing and criticizing the "gang offour," the revolutionary masses in the TachaiProduction Brigade said: The crux of the crimesof the "gang of four" is practising revisionism,creating splits and engaging in intrigues andconspiracies in a vain attempt to usurp Partyand state leadership and restore capital-ism in China. Whatever the gang did wasfor this expresi purpose. A mass movementthoroughly exposing and criticizing the "gangof four" is now surging forward. The contra-diction between ourselves and the anti-Party"gang of four" is one between ourselves andthe enemy. We should by no means be lenientwith them. Their plot to usurp Party and statepower has been smashed and we have won a

great victory. An excellent situation now pre-vails throughout the countri. The whole coun-trSr's armymen and civilians must continue thetriumphant advance, .display the spirit of re-lentlessly beating the dog in the water andcarry the great political revolution of exposingand criticizing the Wang-Chang-Chiang-Yaoanti-Party clique through to the end.

(" Renntin Ribao" eilitorial,December 22, 1976)

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