Dear Reader:

As academic year 1 987-88 gets into full swing, theReview looks forward wi th excitemen t and anticipationto it s unfolding . It i s

,after all, a sigi ificant t ime for

Bran deis,as we approach the 40th ann iversary of the

Universi ty ’s founding in 1 948 . At the same t ime,to add

to the spiri t of the occasion,we note another mile s tone

Evelyn E . Handler, the fif th pre s ident, begins herfifth year at the helm .

The first years of the presidency are over : her earlystrategic plans have been studied and discussed; theBoard of Trustees has form ed numerous committee s toact on elements of the reports ; the capital campaign i sroll ing into its second year ; substan t ial newconstruction has been completed, student l ife has beenenhanced

,and new components have been added to the

curriculum . As the s tudent vernacular would have i t,Brandeis is on a rol l . ”

But even with all the momentum at Brandeis,no one in

the fie ld of education can be complacen t about thiscampus

,or any campus in the country . Inst itutions of

higher educat ion are being buffeted by dozens ofproblems at a time when the educational proce s s standsat the very heart of our abili ty as a nat ion to mee t thecomplexit ies of our era. P resident Handler, interviewedby the Review, di scusses her concerns for educat ionand makes policy recommendations for improvementsthat educat ion can make in American l ife in general .We conclude from her answers some clear priori t ies .American education needs to be a coherent proces sfrom kindergarten to the terminal degree the federalgovernment has to make a fi rmer commitment toeducat ion

,universi ties mus t educate broadly ; we have

to offer s tudents a global View ; andwe must , as anation

,make a concerted effort to educate member s of

our minori ty group s .

Joining her in thi s issue devoted to public policy isS tuart Al tman,

dean of the Heller School, andMartinLevin,

director of the Gordon Policy Center, both ofwhom open a win dow of unders tan ding on the role ofpolicy groups in the format ion and advocacy of publicpolicy . Freya Sonenstein lays out some distressingstatist ics and offers examples of programs for copingwith teenage pregnancy . Marc Landy and Mar tin Lev incooperate on an art icle that pre sents an in s ight into thepresidential mind . Abigai l Themstrom analyzeslegi slat ion for minori ty voting that has taken an

unexpected turn,and James Cal lahan recommends how

society ought to regard the elderly .

Public policy,we learn in this i ssue

,is a fascinating

process that seems to influence every aspect of ourlives .

The Edi torBrenda Marder

Public Policy

Brandeis Review, Volume 7

Number 1 , Fall 1987Brandeis Review ( ISSN 0273-7 1 75 )is published by Brandeis University4 1 5 South StreetWaltham,

Massachusetts 02254-9 1 10wi th free distribution to

alumni, students, trustees, friends,parents, faculty and staff .Postmaster : Send address changes toBrandeis UniversityBrandeis Review4 1 5 South StreetWaltham,

Massachusetts 02254-9 1 10

Opinions expressed in the Brandeis Review

are those of the authors and not necessarilyof the Editor or Brandeis University.0 1987 Brandeis UniversityOffi ce of PublicationsDepartmeni of Communications and

Public Relations

Fall 1 987

Around the Un ivers i ty

Educational Policy :An Interviewwi th P res ident Evelyn E . Handler

Public Policy at B randeis :An Interv iewwi th S tuart H. Al tman

and Mart in A. Lev in

The Hedgehogand the Fox

Whose Votes Count ?

Teenage Childbearingin AllWalks of L ife

Of Unicornsand the Elderly

Bookshelf

Facul ty Notes

Alumn i

Class Notes

Edi torBrenda Marder

Senior DesignerCharles DunhamConsultingDesignerDarlene FerreiraReview PhotographerJulian Brown

Volume 7

S tudent Edi torAdam Roy

’

88

Brenda Marder

Marc Landy andMartin A . Levin

Abigai l Themstrom

Freya L . Sonenstein

James J . Callahan, Ir.,Ph .D .

’

68

Cover Photo: Sarah Putnam

Staff Edi torEsmeMcTighe

Alumni EditorsEllen KeirDavid G iagrando ’

88

Staff Assistant

Judith B . PowellDennis C . Nealon

Number 1

Veronica Blacquier

29

ContributingReporters

Around the

The Freshman C las s

One of the mos t geographically diversec lasses ever chosen,

from the larges tapplican t poo l in the h is tory of theUnivers i ty, was how Dean of

Admiss ions Dav id Gould descri bed theC lass of 1 99 1 . Seventy-five percen t ofthe freshmen arriving on campus th isfal l came from outs ide New England .

This number represents a five percentincrease in the non-New Englandport ion of the s tuden t body and i s animportan t measure of how Brandeis i sbecomingbet ter known and morepopular national ly. The totalundergraduate s tudent body inc ludes atleas t one s tudent from every s tate . The

class of 1 99 1 totals about 780 s tudents

Brandei s Dives ts

The Univers i ty has begun dives t ingofs tocks wi th companies doingbus inessin South Africa

,except those prov iding

medical goods, humani tarian services ors imply report ingthe news . The ac t ionfol lows the Board of Trus tees ' vote inMay to move in an

”expedi t ious and

t imely manner” to se l l the s tock . The

vote concluded 1 4 years of de l i berat ionsand came amid s tuden t and facul typrotes ts against aparthe id. The

Univers i ty’s ho ldings in relevan tcompanies had a market value ofmi l l ion as ofMarch S lst out of anoverall endowment of approximate ly$ 130 mi l lion .

The Trustees'd ivestment reso lut ion

included the fo l lowingguidel ines : that acompany be cons i dered to be operating

Renowned B ritish Scientist JoinsRosenstiel Center

Hugh E . Huxley, the preem in ent B ri t ishbiologis t who enlightened sc ient istsworldwide wi th his revolut ionarydiscoveries in the fie ld ofmusc lecontrac tion ,

has join ed the faculty atBrandei s as a professor of biology and amember of the Univers ity’s Rosenst ie lBas ic Medical Sc iences Research Center .Dr. Huxley was on the board ofoverseers that originally planned theRosens t ie l Center

,one of the nation ’s

leadingcenters for research programs inthe bas ic medical sc iences . His work inthe field ofmusc le contrac t ion has wonhim acclaim as one of the mos tinfluent ial sc ient is ts of the century .

Pro fessor Huxley,supported by a

research gran t from the Nat ional

University

drawn from an appl icant poo l ofThey hai l from 40 s tates, wi th s i zeablenumbers from the farWest and theSouthwes t in addi tion to the usual lywe ll-represen ted New England andm iddle -At lan t ic s tates . To add to the

divers ity, more than 20 fore igncoun tries are represented, inc luding 1 6Wien International Scho lars two fromthe People ’s Republ ic of China and one

from Zambia, the firs t from his coun t ryto enro l l here . In addi t ion to geograph icdivers i ty

,the new c lass represents

s tuden ts wi th a wi de range of talents .

in South Africa i f i t has employees in a

fac ility in which it has an interes t of 50percent ormore ; that the Univers i tymain tain i ts pol icy of not inves t ing indebt or equi ty securi t ies of any bankthat lends to the South Africangovernmen t ; that the pol icy would notaffect companies whose business inSouth Africa i s for the sole purpose of

reportingthe news or prov idingheal th ,medical or other goods and serv ices of ahumani tarian nature . The resolut ionalso s tates that if a company announcesi ts intent ion to wi thdraw from SouthAfrica prior to the Univers i ty’s sale ofi ts securi t ies, the Univers i ty wi l l de laydives tment from the company for aperiod of sixmon ths, thus al lowingthefirm a grace period in which tocomplete i ts withdrawal .

Ins t i tute ofHealth ’s heart and lungdivis ion

,wi l l cont inue concentrat ingon

the k ine tics ofmusc le contract ion,the

process by which muscular t issuesmove and work . He is perhaps bes tknown for propos ingand then provingthe so-called s l idingfilament theory ofmuscle con trac t ion

,whi ch

revolut ionized ear l ier sc ient ificinterpre tat ions in the fiel d . His theoryand the 30 years of ev idence he hasaccumulated in i ts support andadvancement have brough t newunders tandingto many areas ofmuscleresearch . His work i s direct ly re levan tto all medical problems involv ingmuscle s tructure, such as heart diseaseand muscular dys trophy

,making

Brandei s a world center in the area of

musc le research .

Hugh E . Huxley

Rani s Report

The Ran is Comm i t tee ( formal ly cal ledthe Ad Hoc Comm i t tee to Rev iew the

Academ ic and Financial Impl icat ions ofthe S trategic P lan ) proposal whichrecommends a gradual increase inundergraduate enrol lment of 350s tuden ts by 1 990-9 1 , addingabout

to the annual budge t was

approved by the Board of Trus tees at i tsMay meeting.

In i ts proposal , the commi t tee cal led foran increase in undergraduate enro l lmentfrom the current figure of

s tuden ts to arguing that suchgrowth would mean the differencebe tween a defic i t of i fenrol lment figures remain s tat ic and

addi t ional income of wi thmoderate growth .

The seven-member commi t tee wasappoin ted in late summer 1 986 toreview the academ ic and financialimp licat ions of Pres iden t Eve lyn E .

Handler ’s Oc tober 1 985 S trategicPlanningDocumen t . Named for i tschairman

,Trus tee Gus tav Ram' s ’

52, the

Rani s comm i t tee firs t introduced theproposed enrol lmen t increase at an

Apri l board meet ing. Chai rman Ranissaid that the group had res t ricted i tselfto"what we cons idered to be the majorrecommendat ion [of the S trategicPlanningDocumen t

, ] spec ifical ly thatre lat ingto the s i ze of the undergraduates tudent body .

The Ran is report revealed that wi thoutincreased enro llmen t, a reduc t ion in the

number of curren t facul ty and s taffwould be necessary by 1 990-9 1 . Wi ththe increase, i t indicated no need toadjus t the number of Brande ispersonn el . The s tuden t-to-facul ty rat iois now -to- 1 and wi l l reach -to- 1

in 1 990-9 1 wi th the proposal ’simplementat ion .

A part icular concern out l ined in the

commi t tee ’s report was Brande is ’acceptan ce rate, which has risen from36 percent in 1 965 to 62 percent todayWhile there has been some turnaroundin recen t years and there is no magic inany part icular number, we mus t try toreverse that trend and get back to at

leas t a 50 percent acceptance rate, the

report s tated .

The comm i t tee adv ised expandingBrande i s ’ inquiry/applicant poo l as oneway of decreasingthe acceptance rate .

Proposed ac t ions include theintroduct ion of a regional ly finan cednat ional meri t scho larship program,

which would offer two or three fouryear scho larships to superior s tudents in1 0 to 1 5 c i t ies of the South , Wes t andMid-Wes t ; the reemphas is of thehis torical nonsectarian charac ter of theUnivers i ty, and an in tens ificat ion of

personal contacts by alumni to increaseappl ication rates .

The nonsec tarian recommendat ionrece ived m i xed react ion amongBrande i s cons t i tuenc ies

,resul t ingin

ar t ic les in The Jus tice , the s tuden t

New Bigel Ins titute Dedicated

A gif t from v ice chairman of the

Brandei s Board of Trus tees IrvingSchne ider and h is wife He lenendowed the new B ige l Ins t i tute, whichwas dedicated on May 1 5 . The Insti tuteis named for Jack B ige l, a businessman

and labor leader who has devoted muchof hi s career to address ingheal th andwelfare issues . Es tabl ished as the Heal thPo l icy Center in 1 978, the Ins t i tute isone of the nat ion ’s major academiccenters studyingthe organ i zat ion and

financ ingof heal th care . Headed byS tanley 8 . Wallack, the Ins t i tute ’smi ss ion is to provide object ive analysesof heal th care issues and to ass is t in the

developmen t of po l icy and theimplementat ion of programs at local,nat ional and in ternat ional leve ls .

Laurence H . Rubins tein

newspaper, and The Na tional JewishPost 6 ) Op inion . In di scuss ingtherecommendat ion

,Chairman Ran is said,

The mos t serious handicap in at trac t ingqual ified s tuden ts, Jewish as we l l asnon- Jewish , i s the mistaken impress ionthat the Univers i t y i s not onlysponsored by the Jew ish communi tybut also in tended main ly for the use of

the Jewi sh commun i ty . Accordingtothe report : "Mos t potent ial applican tstoday woul d s trongly prefer a s tuden tbody which is more divers ified . ”

The proposal also generated s trongreact ion amongalumn i groups, whoexpressed concern that an increase ins tuden t enro l lment would affect thequal ity of a Brandeis educat ion .

However,at the t ime of the May vote,

Board member and A lumni Assoc iat ionPres iden t Jeffrey H . Gol land ’

6 1 saidthat he was ”very impressed” wi th theRanis Committee's recommendat ions .

Alumni,l ike s tuden ts

,often have a

knee-jerk response to increasedenrol lment sugges t ions so I wasn ’texpecting to l ike [the report ] . However,if the creat ive focus on the admi ss ionss trategy i s fol lowed, then the

admiss ions pic ture should improve, inwhi ch case I 'd fee l very comfortablesupportingthe commi t tee ’srecommendat ions, he said . In addi t ionto Chairman Rani s

,the commi t tee i s

compri sed of Trustees Charlotte M .

Fischman’64

,Earle W. Kazis ’

5 5,Paul

Levenson ’52, Mart in Pere tz ’

59,Malcolm L . Sherman and Bar ton J .Winokur.

New Senior Vice Pres identfor Development

A t the Bigel Ins titute dedication are,

left to righ t : Trus tee and donor IrvingSchneider, Robert L . Biblo of the HealthPlan of Greater New York, Jack Bigeland Direc tor S tanley S . Wallack

Laurence H . Rubins te in,campaigi

director of the Federat ion of JewishAgenc ies of Greater Philade lphia for thepas t five years

,has joined Brandeis as

the new senior v ice pres ident fordevelopment and alumn i re lat ions .Rubins tein prev ious ly served aspres ident of the Assoc iat ion ofAlumniof Columbia College (Co lumbiaUnivers ity), where he rece ived hi sbache lor of art s degree . He also earned amas ter of arts degree wi th honors fromHebrew Union Col lege and taugh t for10 years in the Department of Rel igiousS tudies of Rosemont Co l lege inPennsylvan ia. Pres ident Han dler notedthat during the five years that he wascampaign director, the GreaterPhi ladelphia Federat ion ’s campaignincreased 50 percent . Rubins tein i s aformer execut ive director of the YoungLeadership Cabine t of the Nat ionalUn ited Jewish Appeal ( 1978-82 ) and i sthe pas t d irector of the CampaignDirec tors Ins t i tute of the Counci l ofJewish Federat ion . He has taughtcourses in fund-rais ingfor con tinuingeducation inst i tutes and has lectured onfund-rais ingat both Hebrew UnionCo l lege and at Brande is ’ Homstein

Program .

Cohen Center Dedicated

A $ 1 mil l ion endowment fromTrustee Maurice Cohen and his wifeMari lyn marked the successfulconclus ion of fund-rais inge fforts tofound the Cohen Center forModernJewish S tudies . The center wases tabli shed in 1 980 wi th a chal lengegran t from the Charles H. Revson

Foundat ion, andMay 14 marked i tsofficial dedicat ion . The Cohen Cen ter isone of three comp lemen tarydepartments in the Lown School atBrande is

,which inc ludes the

Departmen t ofNear Eas tern and JudaicS tudies

,the Benjamin S . Homstein

Program in Jewish Communal Serviceand the Cohen Center . Headed by GaryA . Tobin ,

assoc iate professor of Jewishcommuni ty research and p lann ing, thecenter focuses on research intocontemporary Am erican Jewish soc ialpolicy issues and on lendingdirec tass is tance to Jewish communi t ies inaddressing those i ssues .B randeis Universi ty Fel lowsConference

Members of the Inn er Fami ly, theJus t ice Brande i s Soc iety

,and alumni and

parents part ic ipated in a conference onChecks and Balances , ” he ld at the SamRayburn House of Representat ivesOffice Bui ld ingin Washington,

D C ,

and sponsored by the Fe l lows ofBrande i s Univers i ty . Pres iden t Eve lyn E .

Handler hooded two new Fel lows ,Charles and Anne t te Luria who are

Washington-area bus iness ownersand Lenore Ede lman Sal tman

’

58, a

management analys t for the Departmen tof Defense . Senator Howard M .

Me tzenbaum (D-OHJ, a Fe l low of the

Univers i ty, and Congressman S tephen J .

Solarz ’

62 (D-NY J, a Trus tee, ac ted ashonorary cochairmen of the conference .

CBS News Correspondent and 60Minutes Coedi tor D iane Sawyermoderated a pan e l d iscuss ion on the

powers and l imi ts of Congress ionalinves t igatory commi t tees . Part ic ipan tsincluded Congressman Barney Frank(D-MA ) ; Morton Ke l ler

,Samue l J . and

Augus ta Spec tor Professor of His tory atBrande i s ; S idney B lumen thal '69, s taffwri ter for The Washington Pos t, and IraS . Shap iro ’

69,adm in is trat ive ass is tan t

to Senator Jay Rockefe l ler . The programinc luded keynote speaker SenatorTimothy Wirth (D -CO J, who talkedabout the Senate ’s ro le in the checksand balances process

,and S tephen J .

Whi tfie ld,Ph .D .

’

72,Max R ich ter

Professor of Am erican C iv i l izat ion at

Brandeis,who spoke on ”

The Labyrin thof the Cons t i tut ion .

Sports Notes

Election to Universi tyAthlet i c Associat ion

Brande is was e lected to the Univers i tyAth le tic Assoc iat ion (UAA) in May, an

assoc iat ion ofmajor p rivate researchunivers i t ies created to prov ide newopportuni t ies for nat ional compe t i t ionamongs tudent athle tes . BrandeisPres ident Eve lyn E . Handler said, ”

The

UAA i s a d irec t response fromin s t i tutions such as ours to the we l lpublicized d is tort ion of priori t ies thathas deve loped in some college athle t icprograms in recent years . Competi t ivesport s should p lay an importan t ro le atins t i tut ions of h igher educat ion

,but the

role should be support ive of theacademic m iss ion and the in tellec tualdeve lopmen t of the s tuden t . ”

The Univers ity Athle t ic Assoc iat ionwas form ed last summer and inc ludese ight o ther p rivate research univers i t ies :Emory Univers i ty, A t lan ta, CarnegieMe l lon Univers i ty, P i t tsburgh ; CaseBrandesian Drafted by Red Sox

Scot t Powers ’

88 (Shrewsbury, MA ) was

se lected by the Bos ton Red Sox in the

ear ly rounds of the draft,and decided to

forego h is final year of basebal l atBrande is by s igningwi th them . Thissummer he p layed for the Red Sox farmteam

,Elmira

,in the New York Penn

Rook ie League .

At Brande i s,Powers was a firs t team All

New England se lec t ion this year andwas also named second team All

Northeas t . He i s a career .344 h i t terwho c louted 1 6 home run s and drove in82 runs in hi s three seasons of p lay atshorts top with the Judges .

Simon Named Head Coach

Carol Simon,ass is tant women

’sbasketball coach

,has been named head

coach of the women’s baske tball team .

A 23-year-old nat ive ofM iddlebury,CT

, she has an extens ive backgroundin New England baske tbal l . As anass is tan t las t season to Donn a Devl in

,

she was involved in recrui ting, scoutingand game and prac t ice preparat ion . A

1 985 graduate of Colby Col lege, shewas captain of the 1 984-85 ECAC

D ivis ion III women’s baske tbal l

championship team.

Wes tern Reserve Univers ity, C leve land,the Univers ity of Chicago ; John sHopkins Univers i ty, Balt imore; NewYork Univers i ty; the Univers i ty ofRoches ter, andWashington Univers ity,St . Loui s . All members of theassoc iation require that their studentathle tes mee t the same standards as allo ther students for admiss ion and in

academic performance,and cri teria for

financial aid app ly equally to all

s tudents . None of the UAA membersoffers athlet ic scholarshi ps, which areprohibi ted by the rules governingcompe t ition in the Nat ional CollegiateAthle t ic Assoc iat ion ’s D ivi s ion III , towhich all the UAA schools belong.

Brande is will continue to compe teagain s t many curren t rivals

,but there

wi l l be subs tan t ial revis ion in schedules,part icularly in basketball and soccerwhere the UAA will sponsorround-robin compet i t ion . In addit ion

,

the new league wi ll hold annualtournaments in 1 6 sport s .

1 0 1 1 3

When Evelyn E . Handler walks briskly onto the tenni scourt

,her opponent s note

,she does not look l ike a

Sunday duffer . Moving in to the game with s trongs trokes and s tudied form

,she often se ts the pace

,her

intensi ty and persis tence immediately apparent . Herconcentration and abundant energy are apt to win the

match . If she loses the firs t set,that ’s all part of the

conte s t ; she ’s always ready for another go and faceseach round with optimism . She plays as often as her

busy schedule al lows a habi t developed after movingout of New York C ity because the exerci se i s a wayof rel ieving tens ion . In a game of doubles

,she warms to

the s tiff competi t ion from her opponent s and enj oys thecompanionship of her partner

,often her husband

Eugene . On the courts she registers delight, frustrationor di sappointment openly as she i s drawn into theexcitement of the game . She is a passionate player .

Handler on the tennis court is not unl ike Handler inthe pres ident ’s office . Member s of her team who keepher pace ment ion her s trength and endurance : i t i sexhibited in the many hour s she dedicates to the j ob aswell as in the deliberatene s s she applies to her deci s ionmaking . No doughty schoolmarrn

,she i s s triking in

appearance : s tanding a t rim six feet with dark brownhai r

, she dres ses wi th sophisticat ion and flai r,and i s a

welcoming host as well as one of only two women

pre s idents of a p rivate universi ty in the country .

Running Brandeis Universi ty,however

,i s not a game

,

as Handler would be quick to admi t . The pressure s ofkeeping a young fi rst-rate l iberal art s researchuniver s ity in the black and in the national forefront

,

e special ly one wi th the unique feature s of Brandei s , i sserious busine s s . The demand for academic excellenceforged by the founders

,reinforced by alumni and

faculty and perpetuated by Handler i s daunting .

From the moment she as sumed the pre sidency in July1 983

,she has worked hard to enh ance student l ife to

adjust the curriculum ; and to set the Universi ty on a

solid fi scal footing . As the institut ion looks toward i t s40th year

,she s imultaneously begins her fifth year as

pre sident .

An Interv iew withPresidentEvelyn E . Handler

In her ini t ial months at Brandeis,Handler sensed that

s tudent l ife needed enhancement . To improve heraccessibi li ty

,she appointed very early in her tenure a

dean of s tudents who report s direc tly to her, the rebygiving the s tudent body direct acces s to her office .

Working wi th him and the s tuden t life office team, she

has added certain policie s and service s to make s tudentl ife more attrac t ive

,such as a revamped s tudent judic ial

system,an expanded

,s tructured program offered by the

Psychological Counsel ing Center and facultyinvolvement in s tudent affai rs . The Univers ity ’s ent ryinto the Univers i ty Athlet ic As soc iation

,composed of

nine of the count ry ’s most re spected re searchunivers i ties

,is an in s tance of the progres s she seeks .

She has put a priori ty on upgrading Universi tyfacili tie s : thi s pas t summer

,cranes

,bulldozer s

,

jackhammers and caterpillars changed the face of theR idgewood section of the campus as constructionworkers to i led to build the Ziv complex

,new

dorm itories de s igned to hold 330 s tudent s in s ingleroom sui tes . The modern complex houses a s tudentcommon s that can be made avai lable for rental tooutside communi tie s during the summer . The Zivcomplex along with other renovated facili tiescreates more pleasant space on the campus .

A biologi s t who Spent 1 5 year s in the clas sroomteaching and who engaged in research at Hunter

,

Handler i s a l ife -long advocate of a l iberal art seducation : ”

It i s the abili ty to interpret the human

condition,to see the human spiri t in the l ight of our

own and others ’ experiences,that gives l iberal

educat ion i t s mos t enduring worth,

”she said in her

inaugural addre s s . Under her ini t iative,new academic

programs have gained national as wel l as internat ionalrecogni t ion . A computer science department offering a

Ph .D . has been introduced into the curri culum,with

the di stinction of be ing the first to be accredi ted byComputing Sciences Accreditat ion Board

,Inc . of New

York . The Lemberg Program in International Economicsand Finance

,whi ch features opportuni ties to study

abroad,holds great promise as higher educat ion and

in ternational business form a t ighter l ink throughoutthe world . A new undergraduate program in engineeringphysics educates s tudents in fundamental phys ics andfrontier techn ology

,bui lding a bridge between research

at Brandei s and the high- tech industry .

Three new academic cen ters were dedicated in 1 987 :the Bigel In s titute for Heal th Poli cy

,the Cohen Center

for Modern Jewish S tudies and the Gordon PolicyCenter give researchers a place to conduct studies thatwill affect policy makers .

As a result of Brandeis’ high academi c reputation,the

Association of American Universi ties,an organizat ion

of prestigious univers ities,invited the Univers ity to

j oin i ts ranks in 1 986 . Handler ’s pr0 posa1 for a graduateschool of management

,a program she bel ieves would

give added dimens ion to Brandeis,has provoked heated

di scussion over the past few years . Whether or not theTrustees will ever implement the project remain s to beseen . Yet, the concept has generated worthwhiledi scourse as those who care about the Universityrethink and redefine the mi ssion and s tudy the ways topropel the inst itution into the 1 9903 .

Before coming to Brandeis,she had served three years as

president of the Un iversity of New Hampshire andseveral years more as dean of the division of sciencesand mathematics at Hun ter College . Thus she came toWal tham with a depth of experience that included afirm grasp of how higher educat ion is financed . True

,

she had worked in public systems,but she learned

immediately that the private and public sectors are nottoo diss imi lar. The one maj or difference is that privateinst itutions rely on monetary gift s, and that presiden tsof p rivate uni versitie s must work creatively andt irelessly to encourage those donat ions .

Her most visible first step to rai se money was thelaunching of the Campaign for B randeis, a five-yearcapi tal campaign announced in November 1 986 whenthe Univers ity already had million in han d . As a

measure of success,she now reports a total of $77

mi llion and expres ses optim ism . With the generosity ofthe various consti tuencies the supportive Trustee s

,

many of whom came forth wi th the fir s t donat ions tolaunch the campaign; the alumni who, under herpersuasion, increased their giving substant ially to rai sethe Alumn i Annual Fund by over 30 percent last yearalone ; the Brandei s National Women ’s Commi t tee

,a

nationwide cadre of loyal donors numbering a

phenomenon in higher educat ion,who have pledged

million over the next five years and many otherfriends of the Univers ity she i s convinced that thecampaign has good momentum .

on the tennis court

in Washington

This i s not to say that her upbeat atti tude is shared byeveryone connected with the University . Wi th roughlyanother $ 1 20 mi ll ion to go, some doubters feel that thecommuni ty has already donated to the l imi t s of i tsabili ty . On the other hand

,the Board of Trustees voted

unanimously las t December to change her te rms ofemployment from at wi ll” t o a five-year contract . Thisvote of confidence was all the more meaningful s ince i tcame whi le the campus was in the throes ofstudent/faculty demons trations again st apar theid, asfaculty complain t s about salaries were ringing loud andclear, and when animated but not always harmonioustalk about the pres ident ’s plan to in crease the s ize ofthe s tudent body dominated discussion .

In another effort to st reamline finan ces,Pre s ident

Handler vowed, when she first took office,to balance

the budget that had fal len in to deficit before shearrived . In the las t four years

,she has succeeded in

putt ing the insti tution in the black,but she is

concerned that Brandeis has an unusually high rel ianceon its endowment . A utilization rate of over 1 0 percentis needed to avoid additional borrowing from financialinst itutions for current needs . The investmentcommi t tee of the Board of Trustees is grappling withthe problem of finding in creased protection of theendowmen t against eros ion by the gradual reduct ion ofthe annual ut ilizat ion rate over time .

Because of the nature of Brandeis a young,

top-qual i ty l iberal arts un ivers ity with graduateresearch programs i t is one of the most expensive inthe coun try . It ranks with Tufts and Amhers t asinsti tutions of i ts typ e that are compel led to draw an

extremely high percentage (over 50 percent ) of theirtotal revenue from tuition and fees . This factor seen inrelation to an endowment of $ 130 m i ll ion offersformidable problems to the financial expert s who advi sethe president .

There are tactics other than fund-raising to in ject morefunds in the pipeline . The presiden t has sought creativeways to reduce the cost of educat ing Brandei s student swi thout cutting the qual ity of the curriculum . Her planto increase gradually the s ize of the undergraduate bodythrough enlarging the freshman class by approximately25 students per year over a period of five years wasauthorized by the Board of Trus tees in a May 1 987 vote .

When she first int roduced the concept early in hertenure

,i t was met wi th re si s tance by some faculty,

students and alumni who feared that the qual i ty ofstudents would sl ip and the warm and congenialcharacter of the Universi ty would be threatened .

In the face of this opposi t ion,she has persisted in her

convict ion that thi s planned expans ion would changethe current faculty-to-student ratio from 1 - to-8 to 1to-1 0, a move that would retain the pre sent faculty andwould al so generate more tuition revenue wi thout acommensurate increase of expendi tures . Admi ttedly,the gain is m iniscule in View of the total budget, but bynow most agree that the student-to-faculty ratio neededto be increased .

To exp and the number of fre shmen does not createrecrui tment d ifficulties for the admiss ions office : theapplican t pool has grown for the pas t three years

,las t

spring ’s regi stering the highest number yet . But cri ticsfear entering s tudents may not be as qualified as they

president ’s s taff retreat

were in previous years . In her efforts to recruit tops tudent s

,Handler i s reinforcing efforts to project

Brandeis ’ name more prominently across the nation,

thereby tapping pockets of the country that unt i l nowhave yielded only a few s tudents . In fact

,75 percent of

this year ’s fre shman clas s of about 780 come s fromoutside the New England area

,a five percent increase in

the non-New England portion over las t year .

Pres ident Handler has gained national recogni tion forher accomplishment s at Brandei s . The Univers i ty ofPi t t sburgh awarded her an honorary degree recently andthe Bos ton chapter of the national women

’s organization

,Hadas sah

,gave her a ”Women of Achievement

Award,

” citing her contribution to education . Her ideason public policy in higher education have been heard inWashington

,D C ,

where she t raveled in July to tes tifybefore the House Educat ion and Labor Subcommitteeon Employment Opportuni ties on the need forincreased federal funding to aid univer s ity participat ionin target ing and recruit ing minori ty s tudents . Recently,The New England

,a diversified financial service s

inst i tution with headquarters in Bos ton,e lected her to

it s board of di rectors .

Her achievement s at Brandeis have not come eas ily . In

the course of making hard choices over the pas t fouryears

,Handler has gained some vocal adversaries, as

wel l as arden t supporters . ”Fue ling Brandeis is the art ofchoice

,

” claims Senior Vice President of Finance and

Adminis trat ion Arthur G i l l i s . ”There are not enough

resources to go around,so at Brandei s you are always

choosing one area to bolster, while you are forced toignore another need .

”A plaque the pre s ident has placed

on her desk reads,Nothing wi l l be at tempted if all

poss ible objections mus t be overcome .

”As she makes

choices on how to pos it ion the University for the res tof the decade and into the 1 9903 , she intends to meetthe chal lenge wi th persi s tence, optimism, profes s ionalism

,l ife-long experience and a dash of passion .

In the following edited transcript of an interview withPresident Handler

,she expresses to the R eview some

of her views on highe r educat ion and how it fits intonational and in ternational Spheres .

Review: In your public s tatemen ts, you have pointedcontinually to the l iberal arts as the ideal education .

Can you explain exactly how this curriculum equip syoung people for the world of the 1 9903 ?

President Handler: Main ly,I think the l iberal arts

equips s tudents to think and to adapt to the enormouschanges the next few years wi l l bring . Also, i t givess tudents a historical perspective of the world . The

l iberal art s,to be truly meaningful , ought to give young

people an opportuni ty to s tudy with some depth aculture other than their own through li terature,language, anthropology and sociology . I would likestudents to push at the wall s of their own microcultureand penetrate at least one other civi l izat ion to obtainan international understanding

,a macrocosmic view of

civi lizat ion . I might stress one point : with our currentemphasis on technology and science

,we must exercise

extra care to assure that scientists are not educatednarrowly . A uni versi ty that cannot offer a broad-basededucat ion to a scientis t shapes individuals who cannotdeal conscientiously or effectively with the social andethi cal complexi ties of their chosen fields . I washeartened to hear that the National Endowment for theHumani t ies has gran ted funds in the last three years toabout 1 50 projects at schools that are sharpening theiremphasis on l iberal arts . This kind of federal aid willprovide a counterweight to accredi ting organi zations ofengineering programs that are compel ling members tooffer more vocational training .

Review: Howabout professional graduate schoolsshould they have broader goal s than simply teachingthe nuts and bolt s of the professions ?

President Handler: It ’s fair to say they should have a

broader curriculum, but let ’s be practical . How can

profess ional schools,with the massive amount of

specialized informat ion they must convey,accommodate s ti l l other material ? S ince they cannot

,

they should concentrate on thei r maj or mission .

Because i t falls to undergraduate education at

un iversi t ie s to provide the broadly based education soneces sary to a democratic society

,facul ties should

guard again st developing curricula that encourage theirstudent s to special ize too early .

Review: Regarding professional schools,do you think

they should teach ethics ?

President Handler: Ethi cs should be taught throughoutthe total educational process beginning in the home

,

in the primary and secondary schools and in the

univer s ities and colleges . Unles s ethics are stre s sedthroughout the educational experience

,one cannot

expect a course or two at business,law or medical

school to have a great influence on the conscience of amanager, lawy er or doctor . Here I ’d like to return to anearlier thought on educating students to acquire anin ternational outlook . Ethi cal mi sunderstandings canoccur ei ther in bus iness or diplomacy if there is a lackof understanding of the value systems of other cultures .So i t ’s importan t that we teach our s tudents how tochoose be tween right” and

”wrong,

”and then also

teach them how other cul tures might regard thi sright” and ”wrong .

Review: At a recent meeting of the InternationalAssociation of Univers i ty Presidents

,some 600 th ird

world participan ts expressed grave apprehension aboutthe ”

intemationalization” of Am erican curricula. They

View intemationalization as serving anul terior motiveto enhance our own economic and nat ional security . Is

thei r apprehension j ustified ? What aims shouldAmerican educators establish for their in ternat ionalprograms ?

Review: Industry,in many ins tances, will support

un iversity research if i t sees that i t can benefit fromthat research . Is the partnership between industry andeducat ion heal thy for higher educat ion ?

President Handler: Yes,I think i t ’s extremely heal thy .

Of course research in general at universit ie s in th iscountry has always worked well for the nationaleconomy . Approximately 80 percent of all basicresearch in the Uni ted S tates is done on universitycampuses . If the results of research are publi shedquickly and if researchers do not yield cont rol toindustry

,I think it ’s a good match . It

’

s clear to usthat if universities can help promote economicdevelopment

,that development, in turn,

benefit s theuniver s i ty . What I find s ignifican t i s indus try ’s recentin terest in educat ion of youngsters on the precollegelevel . Corporations are finding i t difficul t to findemployees even those who hold a high school

President Handler: If intemationalization means thatAmeri can un iversit ies are emphasizing in ternationaleconomics

,teaching foreign languages, international

poli tics and relations to prepare s tudents to function ina global environment

,what ’s wrong with that ? There

are bills in Congress to support intemationalizingthe

curriculum,and I think that is absolutely correct .

American leaders are looking to educat ion to sharpenour competi tive edge . Increasingly

,policy makers

,

poli ticians and business people tell us that how wellour nation fares in the world marketp lace has to dowith how well we educate our young people . Our

st riving to bolster our own national security andeconomi c posi tion by educating more vigorously inthese areas should not consti tute per se a threat toforeign countries . My aim for Brandeis is to educateyoung

,

people to be more en lightened Americans, notmore bel l igerent Ameri can s .

tes tify ingin Washington

diploma with ski lls adequate to han dle entry levelj obs . Thus, corporate Ame rica is funding, in the amountof $5 billion this year, a var iety of programs to educatethese precollege student s

,most of whom are minorit ies .

While un iversi ties may , as a consequence, lose a largepart of corporate giving to these special programs

,i t i s

al together righ t that they give i t to the disadvantaged,

immigrant s and minorit ies .

Review: Education of s tudent s who are members ofminori ty groups is a general concern across the country .

S tat istics compiled by the Bureau of Census reveal that55 percent of black Ameri can 1 8 and 1 9 yearolds were graduated from high school in 1 978 with 46percent of that figure going on to college . In

1 984, 63 percent of that group were graduated fromhigh school

, yet only 38 percent enteredcollege . What can we do to attract more blacks tocollege campuses ?

President Handler: This pas t summer I tes tified beforethe House Education and Labor Subcommi ttee on

Employment Opportuni t ies on thi s subject . I am deeplyconcerned as are other univers i ty president s about ourfailure to recruit and retain black American s on ourcampuses . I have no panacea for thi s complex anddi s turbing problem

,but I did offer

,in Washington

,

some ideas for program s . As a general principle, everyinsti tution of higher learning in the coun try shouldwork in partnership wi th high school s and the privatesector to set up a feeder system that would trackstudents who are members of minori ty groups intocollege . There are some programs now in exi s tence

,

wi th public colleges and urban high schools taking themaj or ini tiat ive ; but for these programs to have a

broader,long-term effect

,private ins ti tutions must also

participate . One effective program now managed by theCenter for Human Resources at Brandeis ’ Hel ler Schoolwas developed by the Commonweal th Fund in NewYork . Cal led Career Beginnings, i t i s now in 24 s itesacross the count ry . High school jun iors from lowincome families part icipate in Career Beginnings’programs, which

“wil l s trengthen their chan ce s to

graduate from high school and e i ther gain admission tocollege or gain a full-t ime j ob with career poten tial . Acombination of federal

,s tate

,corporate and foundation

grants were used to finance Career Beginn ings ’ projects .Increased federal funding is imperative for such feeder

programs as Career Beginn ings to work . Communi tyfoundat ions, corporations and private donat ions mustalso be part of this effort so that these programs cangrow beyond thei r current scope into junior highschools and grammar schools .

As for the women ’s movement,I am of the opinion

that i t has such energy behind i t that i t can ’t bes topped . Women are laying open an agenda for thisnation that cann ot be subdued through lack oflegislation .

Review : In what specific areas do you see doorsopening for women ?

President Handler: Primari ly in higher education . We

are expecting massive faculty reti rement s in the nearfuture and reti rement s will t rigger a vas t shortage offaculty . Presently

,more and more women wi l l be

earning the Ph .D .,and other terminal degrees . It i s

natural that they will be cal led on to fi l l the posi tions .As more women have a voice in university governance

,

thei r voice s,as they exert influence

,will have to be

heard . As for increasing thei r numbers inadmini stration

,that ’s more difficult to predict . In the

las t decade or so,s ince I ’ve been in admini s tration

,I’

ve

seen women make s triking progres s in that field as wel las law

,medicine and other professions . As their

numbers reach a c ri tical mass in these fields,you will

see them rise to the top .

Review : The recent Supreme Court ruling agains t theplaintiff in Johnson vs . Transportation Agency , San taClara , California paves the way for un iver si ties to hirewomen and members of minori ty groups wi th less ri skof being charged wi th reverse di scrimination . Curren tly

,

the Department of Education ’s Center for S tat i s ticsshows women occupying only percent of facultyposi tions national ly

,and at the level of dean or higher

,

colleges employ a mere percent per ins ti tution .

What kind of legi s lation and incentive s are neces sary todiversify our ins t itutions ?

President Handler : What troubles me the mos t at thisjuncture is the pos s ibili ty of a change in the make-up ofthe Supreme Court . If you follow the opinions from the

Supreme Court,you will find that Just ice Powel l has

been the fifth vote in sustaining the cons titutionali ty ofaffirmative-action programs in the realm ofemployment and education . Without Powel l

,who

incidentally unders tood educat ion,the Court wil l

overturn past deci sions . If the Court grows moreconservat ive, many ins ti tutions won ’t bother toemphasize affirmative action . So at thi s moment i t i snot jus t enacting more legi slation

,or developing

incentives to improve our race and sex imbalance thathas me worried

,but rather where the new Court will

lead us .

Review: You have had a long professional as sociat ionwith public higher educat ion and sat on the board ofthe National Association of S tate and Land-Gran tColleges . Now that you pres ide over a privateuniversi ty, what observat ions can you make as to thecontribution of each sector to society ?

President Handler: Surely one of the most s ignificantcont ributions that Congress ever made to highereducation was the passage of the Morri ll Act in 1 862

,

which established the Land-G ran t insti tutions just asthe Uni ted S tates was sett ling and educating itsimmigran ts . At the t ime

,i t p roduced for the coun t ry

then an emerging power an educated segment ofpopulation and

,for the future

,i t set in place a system

of univer si ties that would grow in to an exce llentnetwork of first-rate insti tutions . Thus Land-Grantschools

,founded to provide opportuni t ies in agriculture

and mechanical arts,have developed in to l iberal art s

schools as well as profess ional schools that educatelawy ers , doctors, engineers, denti s ts, archi tect s andbus iness people

,to mention a few. In their long

tran si tion,they have evolved into the fine st and most

diverse public system in the world . Together wi th theprivate or independent colleges and univer si ties

,which

have educated some of the count ry ’s foremost leader s,

they make up a panoply of unparal leled opportuni tyand I think both public and independen t t racks must bepreserved and s t rengthened .

Review: What about funding independent ins titutions ?Does the s tate gove rnmen t have an obligation tocontribute to their support ?

President Handler: AS for the public sector,of course

,

the combinati on of tui tion,research dollars from the

federal government and funds from s tate legi s laturessecures the ir survival . In other words

,the taxpayers

underwri te the tremendous cost s of operat ion throughtax dollars . But

,these same spiral ing cos t s at p rivate

in st itutions have to be finan ced through tuition, gifts

and endowments . R ight now the increases in tuit ionthroughout the count ry at independent schools isalarming as pres idents are caugh t be tween trying todeliver a first-rate education

,and attempting to keep

tuition affordable . Most s tates value the role thatindependent ins titutions play in the economy andunders tand that if the independents disappeared

,the

states would have to as sume the obligation of provi dingaccess to all those students in the ir regions who areenrolled in private colleges and universi ties . Inevi tably

,

the competi tion engenders friction betweenrepresentative s of both sectors as we have j us t seen inthe recent example of Boston University ’s School ofNurs ing, which jus t closed . According to BostonUniversity ’s pre sident

,hi s universi ty which i s

private and consequent ly demands a higher tuitioncannot compete wi th the s tate university ’s nurs ingprogram where the tuition i s much lower . In thisins tance, accusation s of ”empire bui lding” were hurledat the University of Massachusetts/Boston and the

Regent s . It i s a complicated juggl ing act that botheducators and poli tical leade rs find themselvesparticipating in .

Review: What do s tate governments normal lycontribute to independen t schools ?

President Handler : Traditionally,some s tate

government s offer financial aid to student s at tendingprivate colleges, and contract wi th private ins ti tutionsto give academi c program s not offered at s tateinsti tutions .

Review : Secretary of Educat ion Wi l liam Bennet t hasbeen cri t ical about the fi scal responsibili ty ofunivers it ie s, citing, among other factors , the annualhike in tuition . His position

,plus the mood of Congres s

which las t October pas sed legislat ion making i tdifficult for students to obtain guaranteed loanspresent s private universi ties wi th a set of formi dableproblems . What should be the federal govemment

’

s rolein higher education ?

President Handler: Unfortunately,leadership at the

highes t level s of government has been crit icizing highereducat ion wi thout offering reasonable solutions .Secretary Bennet t has gained national notoriety as theadversary of education rather than i ts advocate . He

pers i s t s in at tacking the quali ty of teaching andresearch in our academies

,but does not offer ei ther

sugges tions or incentives for improvement . He chargesthat universi tie s p lay to the market

,exploit a captive

audience ; we in turn respond that we have been forcedto increase tui tion because of the decrease ingovernment support of financial aid and incons i s tentpolicies toward spon sored research .

There i s no doubt that Secretary Bennett 's invectiveshave he lped erode public support of higher educat ion .

As a resul t education is suffering from a crisi s inconfidence . I would like to see

,as I

’m sure all of mypeers at other uni vers it ies would al so l ike

,an end to

the acrimonious bickering between academe and

governmen t and to build a con s tructive relationshipbefore more damage i s done . Wi thout proposing anotherG reat Society

,I would invi te the federal government

ins tead to offer creat ive solutions in partnership withprivate foundations

,business and state funding

,which

worked so well in Career Beginnings I de sc ribed earlier .Such relationships mus t become the way of the future .

Increas ing opportuni tie s for sponsored research,creating

work incent ives for those already in college or formingliai son s between universi ty

,city and private enterpri se

are activi ties the government can encourage .

Higher education all education for that mat termust become a national p ri ori ty if America i s to remaintrue to i t s democratic and egal i tarian p rinciples . u

Public Policyat Brandeis

by Brenda Marder

Brenda Marder is edi tor of theBrandeis Review and director ofpublications .

Jennifer Gallop ’

8 7 is curren tlyjunior p olicy analys t in the

Massachuset ts governor ’

s BudgetBureau in the areas of aging,housing and public health . She

was graduated from Brandeis, Phi

Be ta Kappa, Magna Cum Laude,

An Interv iew withS tuart I—Z . Altman and

Martin A . Lev in

Martin A . Levin , director of theGordon Public Policy Cen ter, has

Wi th a double degree in p sychology been a professor of p olitics at

and Near Eas tern and JudaicS tudies . She is a winner of boththe Brandeis Scholar Award and

th e Time magazine CollegeAchievemen t Award. While at

Brandeis, sh e worked part time

at the Harvard Medical School,Division on Aging, and was a

coordinator of the WalthamGroup ’

s Companions to Eldersprogram . She aided the edi tor wi ththis in terview, h elping to frame the

ques tions and edit the transcrip t .

1 1

Brandeis since 1 975 . He received

his B A . from Cornell, and hisMA . and Ph D . in p olitical sciencefrom Harvard . Before comingto Brandeis he taugh t a t theUniversity of California '

s

campuses at Irvine and Berkeley .

He served as a consultant tothe office of the governor ofMassachusetts and on the federallevel to the Vice Presiden t

’

s

Task Force on Youth Employmen t .

He has writ ten two books, UrbanPolit ics and the Crim inal Courts( Universi ty of Chicago Press, 1 977)and The Poli tical Hand ( Pergamon

Press , and numerousarticles .

S tua r t H . Altman , dean of theHeller School, is the Sol C .

Chaikin Professor ofNation alHealth Policy and chairman of theboard of the new Bigel Ins ti tute forHealth Poli cy at Brandeis . He

received his B .B .A . from Ci tyCollege ofNew York, and his MA .

and Ph D . in economics from the

Universi ty of California at Los

Angeles . He taugh t at BrownUniversity and at the Gradua teSchool of Public Policy, Universi tyof California at Berkeley . He

served as Deputy Assis tan tSecretary for Planning andEvaluation in Health at HEW and

he was also the Dep uty Directorfor Health of the Presiden t ’s Cos tof—Living Council. He is a member

of the Ins ti tute ofMedicine of theNational Academy of Science and

of the board of trus tees for Be thIsrael Hospi tal in Bos ton . He has

authored a number of books and

articles on h ealth care and p olicyand frequen tly app ears beforeCongress as an expert Wi tness onnational h ealth p olicy .

Marder : Could you give us somebackground on public policy schoolsor centers

,tell ing us what they are

and how they began ?

Dean Al tman : A decade or two ago,a series of centers or schools grewup in the Uni ted S tate s ; the twomost wel l-known are the GraduateSchool of Public Pol icy

,Univers i ty

of Cal ifornia,Berkeley, and the John

F . Kennedy School of Government,

Harvard,and there are others at

Duke,M ichigan and Princeton .

Their goal was to pull together avariety of social scient i s t s mainlyeconom i s t s

,his torians

,political

scient i s t s and sociologis ts who

could pool their disciplines toapproach i s sues of public policyfrom thei r various perspect ives .These social scient ists

,some using

quanti tative methods,other s

working in an interdisciplinarymode

,hoped to develop a bet ter

unders tanding of nat ional,s tate and

local issues . Ult imately they hopedto influence public policy in the

broades t sen se from how we

think about world domination to

the m i l itary to t ran sportation i s suesto the problems we worry about atthe Hel ler School such as how to

make our heal th care sys tem moreaccessible to all Americans .

Professor Levin : To findantecedents to public policy schoolsand re search centers

,we look back

to the t ime of the New Deal andeven earlier . For example

,there are

fore runners of this public policyapproach in the brain t rustsurrounding FDR

,and in the whole

public admini s t ration"movementfrom the t ime ofWoodrowWi l sonand the progres s ive era through theheyday of the public adm ini s t rationschools that flouri shed in the 1 9403 ,through to the 1 9505 and into the1 9605 . These public admin i s trat ionschools focused on adm in istrat ion .

They as sumed that someone el semade the policy and they trainedpeople to admini s ter that policy . Bycontras t

,the Kenn edy School

,the

Heller School, Berke ley ’s PublicPolicy School and the GordonCenter look at the ent ire policyproces s from formulation and

adoption through implemen tation .

Policy schools and centers aree specially interes ted in policyanalysi s : how policies are selected,developed

,implemented and

improved . And they use the toolsofmany social science disciplinesespecially concept s from economicsand poli tical sc ience .

Professor Levin : Public policyanalys t s differ from theoreti caleconom ists

,polit ical scientists and

hi stor ian s . Our policy analys t ’s goalat the Center i s to improve publicprogram s through research andevaluation

,through publicat ion s

and through direct practical serviceto those in governm ent .

Marder : When were public policyanalys ts firs t brought intogove rment ?

Dean Al tman : President Kenn edyrecrui ted a group of academics fromthe RAND Corporat ion and Harvardfirs t for the Departmen t of Defenseand then for several of the humanservices department s and agencie s . Iwas part of thi s group in the 19605

It was s ignificant that he placedseveral of them in ve ry seniorposi tions of authori ty .

Marder : Was i t an inn ovation to putanalys t s into posi tion s of authori ty ?

Dean Al tman : Mind you thatthe Uni ted States has always hada tradition of academi cs andnonacademics who move freelybetween universi ty and government .But people t rained in public policyare different from other academic swho feel thei r job i s to generateknowledge . Public policy analys t s,on the other hand

,are concerned

wi th how knowlege i s put to work .

Dean Al tman : A tremendousinnovat ion . Unti l that t ime

,the

people who en tered governmentcame from indus try or had beenas sociated wi th the m il i tary or wereindividual academics . Except in rarecases

,there did not exi st a cadre of

individual s who had been t rained aspolicy analys t s

,there were always

individuals who focused on publicpolicy

,but there was no formal

educat ional process for policys tudies . President Johnson was socaught up with the potential ofpolicy analys ts that he orderedevery department in the federalgove rnment to create an office ofpolicy analysi s . Thus Harvard,University of California

,Berkeley

,

Princeton and a few other

universit ie s s tarted schools of publicpolicy in the late 19605 and the19705 . Academics grasped thatgovernment needed analyst s in largenumbers, trained to act as policyanalysts

,in s tead of theoretical

economists or poli tical scienti s t s .Although some president s havemade less use of univers i ty policyanalys t s

,even under the Reagan

Administrat ion there are manygraduates of public policy inpositions of authori ty inWashington .

Marder : You say that Harvard andBerkeley were pilot univers it ies inthe field of public policy . How

does Brandeis fi t into this earlylandscape ?

Dean Al tman : Brandei s does indeeddeserve a place in the foreground ofany early picture of policy centers .When the Heller School began in1 959 , i t grounded it s research andeducat ion on the broad area of

social policy . It was a clear mandatefrom the Pre s ident of Brandei sAbram Sachar

,and the Board of

Trustee s that the Heller Schoolproduce a marriage between the

social s ciences and the world ofsocial we lfare . What evolved underthe leadership of the fir s t dean,

Charle s Shottland,was a gather ing

of social workers and socialscient i s t s in tere s ted in various areasof social welfare . They were heavilyidentified with the social welfareworld

,but they had an interest in

Marder : The Gordon Policy Centerwas founded jus t last year and inthat sense was born into a verySophist icated univer se s tudded withpolicy centers . For thi s reason

,i t

might be more i l lum inating to ask

you,Profes sor Levin

,why another

policy center and jus t what does theGordon Center do to advance them iss ion of such cen ters ?

Dean A ltman : I think there ’stremendous s t rength in the GordonPolicy Center ’s unique concept ofmultiuniversity . We at Heller havea number of project s involvingresearchers from other ins titutes butwe are not organized around theidea. Budgetwise i t means that theGordon Policy Center can draw on

s taff who are already receivingsalary from the i r res identun ivers it ie s .

Professor Levin : That ’s correct . We

offer office space,seminars and j oint

research project s . But mostimportantly we offer a communi tyto the se researchers . They sharethei r ideas wi th co l leagues fromother di sciplines and otheruniver si ties . By the way, the

Gordon Policy Center does no t havea part icular focus such as hous ing orheal th pol icy . In fact

,i t seek s to

avoid the academic tendency towardoverspecialization .

Marde r : Dean Al tman explained therole that Brandei s p layed in shapingthe Heller School from i t sinception . What role did Brande i splay in the Gordon Center ’sbeginn ings ?

policy and research as opposed topractice . They were certainlypioneer analys t s in the social worldin the manner that the people at

RAND Corporation were policyanalys ts in the defense world . The

feature that di s t inguishe s Hellerfrom schools of soc ial work orschools of public heal th i s that wedo not t rain practi t ioners who are

going to provide service s we trainmen and women to go out and do

re search on policy i s sue s or tobecome part of the policy makingproces s . And i t s been that way s incethe beginning .

Professor Levin : Firs t I would pointout that the Gordon Policy Centeri s a research uni t i t does no thave a teaching respon s ibility suchas Hel ler or the Kennedy School andi t is of course interdi sc iplinary . But

what makes i t unique i s that i t i smultiuniversity : i t i s compo sed ofre searchers from M IT

,Bos ton

Univer s ity,Bos ton College

,

Wel les ley and Harvard as wel las Brande i s . We have created apartner ship between the world ofideas and the world of action ; apartner ship between academicsand practitioner s . We do thi s byanalyzing and evaluating exis tingprograms ; deve loping innovativepolicy proposal s ; developing model sof successful policyimplementat ion .

Professor Levin : I ’ll answer byquoting McGeorge Bundy who onceadvised a group of universi tyadmini s trators : ”

If you want tofoun d a univers ity, found an old

one .

”Brandei s

,approaching it s 4oth

year,is certainly not an old

univer si ty,but youth does have

some advantage s : i t tends to bemore flexible

,more open to new

approaches . The idea of a

multiuniversity center was notacceptable to many older

,more

s taid univers i ties,but Brande i s

was will ing to accept the chal lengeoffered by the donors from the

Iame s Gordon Foun dat ion of

Chicago and opened the GordonPolicy Center along themultiuniversity concept . Anothere lement that help s the Center isBrandei s ’ locat ion . Being so closeto Bo s ton i s extremely important :if i t were s ituated in upstate New

York,we all probably would not

be s i t ting here . You can have amultiuniversity inst i tute in New

York Ci ty or Chicago,for example

,

but in each ins tance there would beonly two exce llen t universi tie s . InBoston

,there are five outs tanding

univers itie s that compr i se our

center MIT,Harvard

,Bos ton

Uni vers ity,Bos ton College

,

We lles ley and,of course

,Brandei s .

Dean Al tman : Profes sor Levinhas just in troduced an intere s t ingpoint that I ’d l ike to pick up on . It

i s true that many univer si t ies turndown opportuni tie s if they seemtoo pragmat ic or too involvedwith society at large . I think afeature that di s tinguishe s the Hel lerSchool is that we are ve ry involvedwith the world out s ide . As a

consequence,we draw a faculty

and s taff that i s compri sed of only asmal l percentage of individuals whoare t raditional tenure-types . We do

,

of course, need a few people whoare more abs tract and theoret ical

,

but the maj ority are very pragmaticand research-oriented . They areprimari ly interes ted in developingresearch that i s useful in the policyarena an example would be reall ife demonstrat ions .

Marder: Are there any real lifedemons t rations that the Hel lerSchool is undertaking at this t ime

that might serve as a good exampleofwhat you mean ?

Dean Al tman : We have afascinating nat ional demonstrationright now that i s targeted atdisadvantaged youth . It has become

quite clear that the gap is growingbetween di sadvantaged youth andthe rest . What i s even moredi stre s sing is the chasm keepsgetting wider . The CommonwealthFoundat ion in con junction with theHeller School devi sed a newprogram cal led Career Beginn ings .We have chosen to work withdisadvantaged youths in highschools

,not the most troubled of

them,but s tudent s who could be

saved provided they had mentors .To set up this kind of arrangement,the Commonweal th Foundat ioncame to us not only for ideas onhow they could de s ign a program ,

but they actual ly invi ted us toOperate the program out in the fieldso that currently we have program sin 24 s i te s .

Marder: Would mos t other schoolsturn the proposit ion down ?

Dean Al tman : Absolutely, evenother schools of public policy .

Professor Levin : I agree thatdemonst rations are importan t .Ente ring the policy process inthat manner is of the utmostimportance . We do not dodemonstration s because we donot yet have the staff, but we havethe same imperative to act . The

partnership that the Gordon PolicyCenter has built, which I mentionedearlier

,between ideas and action,

between academics andpracti tioners

,i s const ructed

basical ly on research and on the

interaction of our policy analyst swith practi tioners at conferencesand sem inars . Our seminars andconference s are orchest rated tobring practi t ioners from the publicand private sector s ; media

,both

national and local and governmentpeople together wi th our analys t s .A good example of our activit iesi s a year- long

,action-oriented

envi ronmental policy seminar weconducted that wi l l culminate in a

book on environmental ethics . Onethird of i t s authors are academics ,one third are government people( the regional director of the EPA,

M ichael Deland,part icipated ) and

The Gordon Public Policy Cen ter

The Gordon Public Policy Cen terfounded in 1 985 by the James

Gordon Foun da tion of Chicago anddedicated at B randeis in March1 98 7 is the in terdisciplinary and

multiuniversi ty research home ofpolitical scien tists , economis ts ,

sociologis ts, lawy ers and his toriansfrom Brandeis, MIT, BostonCollege , Boston Universi ty ,

Harvard and Wellesley . Byanalyzing domes tic public p olicyfrom the perspective of differen tacademic disciplines , the Cen terfaculty works to improve th eimplemen tation of public programs

and provide direct practical serviceto the governmen t . Areas in whichCen ter members are workingtoge ther are : governm en t

one third are environmental i s ts .We are t rying to define an

environmental ethi c : we analyzespecific enviromn ental policies interms of some fun damen tal truthsabout environmental policies thatthe EPA wi ll have to deal with .

Marder: Both of you obviouslyneed the media to disseminateinformation . How do you es tabli shlink s with the media? For ins tance,Professor Levin

,I at tended one of

your seminars where you hadinvi ted as a gues t speaker SuzanneGarmen t

,formerly of The Wall

S tree t Iournal. Is this a way offinding out from her how i t feels towork in j ournal i sm and at the samet ime establish contacts withsomeone in the media field ?

Professor Levin : That ’s right, i t hada double agenda . We want to bringmore people from the media herenot only to cover what we are

producing,but to develop a

relationship wi th the j ournal i s t asindeed we have wi th The WallS tree t Journal, The New YorkTimes and other s . How do we do it ?Largely through networking on a

personal bas i s wi th people wealready know

,but eventually our

regulation , environmen tal p olicy ,

social policy , urban economicdevelopmen t and housing,employmen t policv racial minorityissues, public law and the courts ,

the elderly , criminal jus tice and

public managem en t . Wi th widedistribution of Cen ter books andarticles and the sponsorship ofseminars and conferences which

bring researchers together wi thgroups from the media , nationaland local governmen t and

academics from beyond the Bos tonarea the Cen ter aims for anin terac tive commun i ty thatbridges basic resea rch and p olicyapplications .

news del ivery sys tems will growmore and more ins ti tutional . But wedon 't depend on ly on the media fordi s semination . We al so use our

sem inars and our book publi shingprojects for outreach . Some recentsubjects covered by our books dealwith environmental management

,

minori ty voting i s sues,youth

employment programs and othertopics of curren t importance .

Dean Al tman : For the Hel lerSchool

,reaching the media i s of

prime importance . We are ve rymuch a nat ional player and our rolein Washington

,Cal ifornia orNew

York i s as importan t to us as inBos ton . For in s tance

,we run a

The Florence Heller Graduate

School for AdvancedStudies in Social Welfare

The Heller School, founded in1 959 , is Brandeis

’

in ternationallyknown professional school. I t offersa mas ter ’

s degree in Managemen t

ofHuman Services and a doctoralprogram in Social Policy Analysis .

The faculty , which represen ts a

broad sp ectrum of the socialsciences and related p rofessions,conducts a multidisciplinaryp olicy—orien ted research programon a wide range of health and

welfare issues . Several researchcen ters anchor a variety of p rojectsthat involve collaborative activi tybetween faculty members and

advanced studen ts . They are : the

1 5

Marder : Profe ssor Levin,besides the

media,what means do you employ

for public outreach ?

demonstration program to show a

new way of providing long-termcare services in four areas of theUnited S tate s . One i s in New York,one in M inneapoli s

,one in Portland,

Oregon,and one in Long Beach,

California . We would expectnational coverage for this project,because i t is national in scope .

Bigel Ins ti tute for Health Policy ,

which conducts studies in longterm care , health care quali ty and

effectiveness, and regulation and

reimbursemen t, the Cen ter forHuman Resources , whichconsolidates the research and

training activities in the area of

employmen t training and income

main tenance and develops trainingp rograms for employee benefitmanagers , the Policy Cen ter onAging, which focuses on majorfederal and s ta te p olicies thataffect the aged, the NationalIns titute for Sen tencingAlterna tives , which concen tra teson developingnew programs forcriminal offenders and evalua tingthe effec tiveness of existingp rograms , the Cen ter for the S tudy

Professor Levin : Let me give you an

example of how we interact withthe world at large by describing oneof our projects . Wi ll iam Drayton

,

who recently gave a sem inar atthe Center

,was the as sociate

admini strator of the EPA underCarter . He i s now head of an actionoriented group cal led EnvironmentalSafety that i s involved inenvi ronmental policy . This thinktank i s developing draft legi s lat ionfor five states on what Drayton cal lscert ified toxic auditors who act

much like certified publicaccountant s . S ince governmentcannot have moni tors for allins tances of toxic waste

,D rayton is

proposing the es tablishment ofcert ified toxic auditors to evaluateand then cert ify a company ’senvi ronmental s tatus

,jus t as

certified auditors evaluate a

company ’s financial s tatus . TheGordon Policy Center i s plann ing aconference next year to bring tocampus those admini s trators whowill be implementing thi slegi s lat ion in five s tates . Thislegi s lation is an attempt at privateregulat ion

,an important inn ovat ion

in the American sys tem . So ourme thods of outreach are morevaried than s imply getting our ideasout to the pres s

,or merely relying

on books and j ournal s .

of Social Problems in the MiddleEas t , which focuses on the many

in terrelated social p roblems ofcoun tries in tha t region , includingIsrael and Egyp t ; the Cen ter forSocial Change Practice andTheory , which focuses on policyand developmen t , social ac tionand communi ty outreach , the

Nathan and Toby S tarr Cen ter forMen tal Re tarda tion ,

which

conducts research focused on

imp roving public p olicy andprograms affec ting the lives ofmen tally retarded persons , and the

Pe ter E . Heller Program forAnalysis of Social Policy Issues .

The Heller School also supp or tsmajor research projects in familyand children , men tal health and a

variety of other social concerns .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

The fox knows many things,the hedgehog knows one

big thing There exi st s a great chasm between those,

on the one hand,who re late everything to a s ingle

central vi s ion a s ingle universal organi zing principleand

,on the other s ide

,those who pursue many

ends,often unconnected and even contradictory .

”

These words of the G reek poet Archi lochus werequoted by the political philosopher Isaiah Berlin 35years ago . But they express very wel l the firs t principleof Ronald Reagan ’s approach to gove rnmen t and wewere reminded of thi s fable a few months ago at the

t ime of the Tower Comm ission and the Iran-cont raaffair . In domest ic policymaking

,Reagan has always

been the hedgehog who emphas ized a broad,almost

s ingular,sense

'

of direction : less government or lesstaxes, le s s spending and le s s regulat ion . Reagan ’s focuson one big thing

,

” regardless of whether you l ikehis ends, has served his policy purposes wel l . It hasprovided policy guidance by in tegrat ing public policywith polit ical support . It has coordinated domes t icpoli cy because everyone in his admini s trat ion knowswhat the President general ly wants less . Moreover

,

he has captured control of the policy agenda so thatcongressional debate, for the most par t, take s place onhis terms . By s t icking to a few big things

,he developed

the reputation of a great communi cator as his s ingularvision reflected the mood of the electorate and createdclear cri teria for judging his success .

The Tower Commi ssion ’s emphasis upon the fai lure of

Reagan ’s management s tyle mis sed the es sence of

Reagan ’s approach to governance both i t s s trengthsand i t s weaknes ses . As a hedgehog

,Reagan Opened

himself to the cri t ici sm that he has no grasp of thedetai l s of gove rnmen t because of his lack of intere st inand misstatement of fact s about public policy thathe did not understand the complexi t ies of tax reform ) .

These lap se s are genuine, but they al so serve the second

principle of Reagan ’s governing approach : a ”hiddenhand” strategy (a term coined by Fred G reens tein in hiss tudy of Ei senh ower ) of appearing to have le s s polit icalpower and knowledge of political and governmentaldetail s than he does . He doe s thi s to maxim ize hisactual power in our an t i-poli tics poli tical cul ture

,acting

1 7

m any arrrcres on en vrronm en ta i

policy , policy analysis and

American poli tics . He is the

coauthor of a forthcomingbook,

Asking the R ight Quest ions :Environmental P rotection in a

Democracy Oxford UniversityPress) .

For a biography of Martin A . Levin,

see page 1 1 .

as i f he were only the head of s tate in order to be infact both the head of state and head of government . ThePresident j oined the re s t of us in learning the facts fromthe Tower Commi ss ion . He appeared to be unable tofire Donald Regan when he actual ly used him as a

l ightning rod for the crit ici sm that would othe rwisecome his way . The Tower Comm iss ion report i t self i s ate s tament to the succe s s of thi s approach : unacceptablepolicy judgment s were tran sformed in to unpleasant butpalatable implementation m istakes .

On the other hand,the experience of the Car ter

presidency suggests that knowing all the details isnot only insufficien t but i t also may be downrightdi stracting e specially if you are not a hedgehog but afox

,as Car ter was . For example

,the interviews with

Carter and hi s aide s in Erwin Hargrove ’s [ immy Car ter

and His Lieutenan ts indicate that hi s approach to thepres idency was groping

,ad hoc and characterized by

serial decision making . He treated each decision as

separate from other s with limited reference to anyoverriding strategic conceptions of policy direction .

Car ter was not only at tracted to detai l s but often the

wrong ones : according to Charle s Schultze,former

chairman of the Coun cil of Economi c Advi sors,he was

very responsive to m icroeconomic analyses and issuesbut les s engaged with macroeconomic ques t ions . Hewas more in terested in program detai ls than poli t icalrelationships with such all ie s as Helmut Schmidt orsenators wi th whom he might work .

Excessive at ten t ion to policy detai l was very evidentin Carter ’s effort s to construct an energy policy .

The energy issue dominated the early phase of hi spres idency . A hedgehog would have seen the

opportuni ty i t offered to present the public with aclear vi s ion of what was at s take and how eachci tizen should conceive of his or her respons ibili tiesand obligat ions wi th regard to the i s sue

,but this

opportuni ty was buried in a clutter of policy analysi s .The policy that emerged had many sens ible

,indeed

clever,aspects but it s mean ing was obscured by it s

complexi ty . Carter never got another chance to impressthe public wi th a sense of purpose .

Despite the sense of direction that i t has givendomest ic policy

,there has always been and not ju st

since Reagan got in terested in getting the M ideas thostages back a serious rub in Reagan ’s hedgehogapproach . As Aaron Wildavsky, profes sor of poli ticalscience at Berkeley

,perceptively argued as early as

1 984, in foreign policy, the Pre s ident lacks a doctrinefrom whi ch he can guide policy . He started outknowing one big thing combat the ”Evi l Empire .

But once Reagan moved away from that s ingular vi s ion,

he became the fox who pursued many ends , oftenunconnected and even contradictory . This was true forhis policy on the hos tages and Iran a quixoticcoddling of Iranian ”moderates” while talking tough on

terrori sm . But i t was al so true for many other aspects ofhi s foreign policy : his feckless response to the k i ll ing ofthe marines in Lebanon ; his contradictory responsesto terrorism sponsored by Libya and Syria.

On closer examination these disparate and di s j ointedactions have simi larities with Reagan ’s domesticapproach . They mistakenly equate public and privateauthori ty

,and they involve a good deal of wi shful

thinking . Reagan ’s crusade to shr ink government isfounded on a belief that there is no such thing as agenuinely public Sphere of existence

,one that reflect s a

different dimension of people ’s concern s and calls forthdifferent k inds of act ions . Thus

,private schools are as

good as public schools so long as they produce the same

leve l of test scores . Public lan ds should be sold off solong as the pri ce is right . The notion that something ofvalue adh eres to the very publicnes s of schools or parkshas no meaning for him .

Of all the follies associated wi th the Iran-con tra affai r,

the most se rious was the delegation of crucial decisionmaking authori ty to private cit izens using privatefunds . Its folly derives not only from the fact that thesepersons were able to establi sh thei r own foreign policyagenda and enrich themselve s in the process . It alsoreveals a deeper misun der s tanding about the nature ofdiplomacy i tself . S tates are not l ike private firms . Thelogic of thei r rivalries and confl ic t s cannot be equatedwith that of the marketp lace . If the Iranian s were soundbusinessmen they might have abided by the agreement swhich North

, Secord and the others t ried to arrange .

But the Iranians were up to other things,as nat ional

leaders often are . We may deplore thei r“i l logical ”behavior but we cannot pretend it away .

Both S trategic Defense Ini tiative (SDI ) or S tar Warsand the arm s for hos tage deal appeal t o Reagan forthe same reason that supply s ide economics did : theyseem to take the st ing out of what are normallyve ry unpleasan t activi ties the arms race

,

counter-terrori sm,budget cutting . This s train of

wi shful thinking is harmful enough in the domes t icrealm, but i t i s posi tively dangerous when applied tofore ign policy . Even i ts proponent s wi ll adm i t thatSDI does not really hold the promise ofmaking theAm erican cont in ent mis sile proof . Therefore i t is allthe more dangerous to hold out hopes that the balan ce

of te rror between the U S . and the US S R . mightactually be laid to res t . It i s likewi se the height of se lfindulgence to think that te rrori sm can be combattedwi thout risk and sacrifice .

Ironically,SDI does hold the pos sibili ty of providing

Reagan wi th a great foreign policy victory if only he hasthe wit to abandon i t at the right moment . If he i s notme smerized by i ts false prom i ses

,then i t can form part

of a bold gambit : arm to parley .

Reagan ’ s big defense build-up, SDI and Gorbachev ’

s

own domes tic econom ic and poli t ical needs have all

brought the Soviet s into a bargaining posi tion on arm scon trol . All the whi le, Reagan ,

in the fashi on of hishidden hand s trategy ,

has allowed himself to becri ticized domes tically on S tar Wars by in s i s tingthat S tar War s i s not a bargaining chip .

just as this st rategy is threatened by an exces sivecommitment to SDI

,i t i s al so threatened by the

President ’s seem ing urge to secure his place in his tory .

Reagan longs to be remembered for a greatbreakthrough in Geneva, whi ch would al so serve towipe away the Iranian stain . The Ronald Reagan whonegotiated for the Screen Actors Gui ld should tel lPresident Reagan that the s ide that appears eager tosettle i s inevi tably the s ide that gives up too much .

If he can main tain his balance,Reagan ’s arm to

parley” tactic may prove to be another example of afamiliar element in his hidden han d strategy : appearingto take one approach

,especially a somewhat apoli tical

or unsophis ticated one,when in fact he hides a more

poli tically as tute one . Throughout hi s po l i tical career,

Reagan has combined rhetorical intran s igence withtactical flexibili ty . Thi s posture dates back to hi s daysas California gove rnor ( rhe torical opposi tion to taxincreases culminat ing in a

” reluctant” acceptance of amaj or s tate tax hike ) and through his days in the Whi teHouse of ” revenue enhancement s, mild response tothe downing of the Korean Air Line jet and manyothers . For instan ce

,he s tood firmly behind Ann

Gorsuch’

s haughty anti-environmental extremismunti l the day he placed the Environmental ProtectionAgency under a form of poli t ical receivership in the

moderate hands of Wil l iam Ruckleshaus . MakingHoward Baker his prime mini ster displays the samereluctant willingness to bow to nece s si ty .

But of course we have seen that in foreign policy, eventhis one big thing arm to parley has not beencarried out wel l . Reagan needs to know more detai l sabout foreign policy and arms contro l . The Reyk javiksummit was done poorly from any perspective,especially Reagan ’s . He and s taff appear not to havebeen wel l p repared

,but again thi s i s not new . A

hedgehog needs a s trong staff to implement his hiddenhand approaches and

,from the beginning

,a s trength

of the Reagan admini s trat ion was his s taff andcongre s sional l ieutenant s for dome stic i s sues (Iames

Baker, S tockman

,Dole

,Howard Baker

,Domenici ) . In

contras t,his s taff and cabinet for foreign policy Haig

,

Ri chard Allen,Poindexter and McFarlane

,men who

cann ot be described as fi rs t rank se rved himimperfectly . Al so

,l ike too many pres ident s

,Reagan was

not averse to using amateurs in foreign policy, such asjudge Wi l liam C lark, whom he made nat ional securi tyadvi sor . When the White House s taff general ly declinedin qual ity under Donald Regan in 1985 and 1986

(remember Regan ’s firs t ini tiative the Bi tburgblunder ), so too did the Reagan presidency . And Reagancould not provide the di sparate views of Schultz andWeinberger wi th a sufficient ly unifying V i sion as he diddome stically .

A hedgehog may wel l be better prepared than a fox to

face such difficultie s . Knowing one big thing may be

sufficient . It probably i s preferable to knowing manyunconnected things . But that depends on the substan ceof that one big thing . It i s the se subs tantive and policyques tions that are at the heart of any presidency andany admini s trat ion . A president i s correct to hew to a

few big things,so long as they are the right ones . El

Again,Reagan ’s relationship wi th his staff on the

domestic s ide provides a s triking cont rast to his foreignpol icy orchest rat ion . Domes tical ly

,he has not only

given a sense of policy direction,but he also has been

quite capable of reining in his s taff . Laurence Barrettshows this in his Gamblingwith History : RonaldReagan in the White House . He quotes a Whi te Houseadvi sor who describes how the President turned asidestaff advice and ins i s ted on his own preference s on the

s ize of tax cut s : ”You look at all the stories being

published about backing and fi ll ing and they give theimpres s ion that Reagan was changing back and forth .

That ’s wrong . The people around him were changing,or

some of us were . We were having doubts Reaganhardly moved at all. At one meet ing he got a l i t tleimpatient wi th us . He said

,

’

Li s ten,you guys are

talking to each other and no one i s asking me what Ithink . I

’m st icking wi th i t [the ten-ten-ten approach ] .

Can the P res iden t change his management s tyle ? ”asked the Tower Commission and various pundits .In framing the i s sue in this manner

,we again see

Reagan ’s hidden hand s trategy work ing well for him .

The Pres ident has had the wit to convert a flawedpolicy in to a management shortcom ing . Indeed

,to us i t

seems that he knew much more than he let on to the

Tower Comm i s s ion ( though he probably knew fewerdetail s than other pre sidents such as Carter m ight in a

s imilar circum s tance ) . But long use of the hidden handstrategy allows Reagan to cloak himself in the defenseof the lack of knowledge of policy and proceduraldetai l s .

But in asking whether the Pres ident can change hismanagement s tyle

,they ask the wrong quest ion . The

hedgehog approach to management may be a good one .

Indeed,Reagan ’s domes tic policy and polit ical succe s se s

seem to support that view at leas t for him and hisgoal s . The real ques t ion is not about procedure or

management s tyle,but rather about substance . Does

Reagan,e special ly for fore ign policy where he has had

much less succes s from the very beginn ing,have a

Vi s ion and i s i t appropriate? Doe s he really unders tandwhy hi s appeasement of Iran was wrong ? Can he re s i s tthe fatuous urge to let his arms control s trategy bedriven by the des ire to secure a place in his tory” ? Wi l lhe come to unders tand

,as he did not at Reyk javik, that

in arms control the devi l i s in the detai l s ?

Abigail Thems trom is lecturer and

senior research associate at the

Gordon Policy Cen ter. Beforejoining the Cen ter, she was a

lec turer in social science at

Harvard University . She receivedher B A . from Barnard College and

a Ph D . in p oli tical science fromHarvard Universi ty . A comple testudy of affirmative action and

minori ty voting righ ts is found inher new book Whose Votes Count ?(Harvard Universi ty Press,

by Abigai l Them strom

Jes se Jackson i s the undisputedsymbol of black electoralaspirat ions . But as Juan Wil liamshas so persuasively argued in the

Washington Pos t , the effect of hi scandidacy may be to segregateblacks within the Democrat ic Party

,

relegat ing them to second-classstatus . By casting their bal lots forJackson

,blacks in effect remove

themselves from the process thatwill decide the Democrat ic nomineeand thus magnify the influence ofconservat ive whites .

The Jack son phenomenon a blackcandidate catapulted into nat ionalprom inence by solid black supportwas made poss ible by the 1 965

Vot ing R ights Act . That s tatuteenfranchised southern blacks

,who

form the backbone of Jackson ’

s

campaign . Black bal lot s havetran sformed southern and thusnational poli tics . Increas ingly overthe 22 years s ince i ts pas sage

,

however,the Voting R igh ts Act has

come to have another effect as well .Paradoxical ly

,i t too works to

segregate blacks within the polit icalproce ss

,heightening the influence

of conservative whites, al though at

the s tate and local level . Theproblem s generated by the Jacksoncampaign are thus those of blackpoli tics in general due in greatpart to the form enforcement of theVoting R ights Act has taken .

In 1965 rudimentaryenfranchi sement was the sole aimof the statute . The FifteenthAmendment to the Cons titutionguaran tees all cit izens the right tovote without regard to ” race, color,or previous condi tion of servi tude .

”

The core of the 1 965 act wass imple . S tates and counties thatused a l i teracy test and in whichvoter turnout in the 1 964

president ial election was below 50percent were ”covered .

”And

coverage” mean t the immediatesuspens ion of all such tests

,the

assignment (when nece s sary ) offederal registrars to replace localauthori ties and other st ringentmeasures to ensure access to theballot .

It was a formula de signed to targetthe South and i t s impact wasimmediate . In M i s s i s sippi

,for

in stance,the percentage of

regi stered black voters jumped frompercent in 1 964 to approximately

60 percent in 1 967 . Elsewhere in the

South the change was less dramat ic,yet impres s ive . Wi th blackenfranchi sement came a swift andradi cal shift in the rules of thepolitical game . In almost everysouthe rn commun i ty with a

Yet for almost a century thatamendment was a dead let ter .Throughout the South, mi llions ofnonwhite Am ericans were excludedfrom the political process byli teracy and ”

understanding"test s,poll taxe s

,the whi te primary

,

int imidat ion and violence . The

Voting R ights Act sought to endthat his toric in just ice .

Jesse Jackson on the hustings

substantial black populat ion,the

new black vote had anunmi s takable impact . Racistpoli tic ian s e ither changed thei rtactics or bowed out

,and in many

places new black voters swept newface s (both black and white ) intooffice .

Much change has been due to thesheer number of new blackregi s trants . When M ississ ippiGovernor Ross Bamet

,for ins tance

,

s tood in the Uni versi ty ofMissi s s ippi doorway to blockintegrat ion in 1 962, he had nothingto fear from the inconsequentialblack vote; by 1 982 the governor ofthat same s tate was urging voters toelect the firs t black congre s sman

from the rural South sinceReconstruction . B lack regi strat ionalone

,however

,has not been

respon sible for the number of blacksnow holding office . Thatregi stration has been s ignifican t lyhe ightened by new

,federal ly

mandated methods of voting bychange s in the method of votingdemanded by court s and the Just iceDepartment acting to enforce theVoting R ights Act .

While at the outset the s ingle aimof the Voting R ight s Act was blackenfranchi sement

,within four year s

by 1 969 a minor provision,

section 5,had acquired an

In 1 965 the fear had been thatsouthern s tates would at tempt todisfranchise blacks by invent ivenew mean s ; section 5 wasenvi s ioned as a prophylacticmeasure to s top legal maneuvers torob black cit izens of basic F ifteenthAmendment rights .

By 1 969, however, federal authori t ieshad unexpected new worrie s . Publicofficials

,part icularly in M ississ ippi,

had made p lain their readine s s tosoften the impact of the new blackvote by al ter ing the electoralenvi ronment . For ins tance

,they

int roduced at-large or coun ty-widevoting to eliminate those maj orityblack s ingle-member di s t ricts fromwhich blacks were l ikely to getelected . In re spon se

,in 1 969 the

Supreme Court sanctioned federalobjections not simply todiscriminatory inn ovation sinvolving regi s tration and the

mechanics of voting, but t o newlyinst ituted at-large voting

,new

mul timember district s,revised

di s trict lines,annexations and other

changes in the s t ructure ofelections . And in doing so

,the

Cour t turned a minor provision inthe s tatute section 5 requiringfederal ”preclearance” of new votingpractices into a maj or tool withwhich to combat whi te resi s tance toblack power .

The deci s ion to allow thoseentrusted with enforcing section 5(the Justice Department and the U S .

Di s t ri ct Court for the D i s tri ct ofColumbia) to object to a wide rangeof change s in electoral procedurewas the opening wedge to a

profound tran sformation of theVoting Right s Act . C lear ly theCourt could not s tand by while

A provi sion ini tial ly inserted toguard again s t the manipulat ion ofan electoral system for racis t endsthus evolved as a means to ensurethat black votes have value havethe power

,that i s

,to e lect blacks .

For that is the meaning of bal lot sthat carry their proper weight .Moreover

,a s tatutory amendment

in 1 982 al tering another p rovision( section 2 ) gave minori ty votersadditional power to overturnmethods of election that e i therpredate November 1 964, or are usedby juri sdictions unaffected bysection 5 . That amendment ofsection 2 in 1 982 greatly increasedthe power of m inori ty plaintiffs tochallenge such arrangement s intheir local federal dis trict court

unexpected purpose . That provi s ion,

which had been ini tial ly designed toguard against inven tive new barriersto polit ical part icipat ion

,required

covered” s tates and count iesmostly in the South ) to obtainfederal approval before inst itutingany new vot ing procedure, therebyfreezing all electoral arrangement sin Alabama

,Georgia

,Louis iana

,

Missi s sippi, South Carolina,

Vi rginia and part s of North Carolinaas of November 1 964 .

southern whites in covered statesstate s wi th dirty han ds on que s tionsof race al tered electoral rules tobut tre s s whi te hegemony .

Yet a righ t to protection from actionintended to minimize black power

,

once established,could not be easily

contained . By prohibit ing theadoption of county-wide voting andother electoral procedures thatthreatened to rob black bal lot s oftheir expected worth e lectoralprocedures that reduced thel ikelihood that blacks would gainpublic office the Court hadimplici tly enlarged the defini tion ofenfranchi sement to suggest adi s tin ction between ”meaningfuland ”meanin gle s s ” votes votesthat ” counted” and those that didnot . Black votes in maj ority-blacks ingle-member dist ri cts in a

Mi s s i ssippi county,the Court said

,

counted, those bal lots were likely toelect blacks . But black bal lot s cas tin maj ori ty-whi te count ie s with atlarge voting were meaningles s ; withcounty-wide voting a whi te maj ori tycould easily control every legi slativeseat . And once that di s tinction hadbeen made

,a meaningful vote was

almost bound to become anent itlement . It was a subtle butimportant change : the shift inperspective from securing blackballots agains t deliberate effort s todilute ” the ir impact

, on the one

hand, to enforcing a right to bal lotsthat“ful ly” counted on the otherhand .

and thus to ins t itute proceduresfac il itating m inority offi ceholdingincit ies

,s tate s and count ies across the

nation .

What concretely do these change s inthe Voting R ights Act mean ?Section 5

,the preclearance

provi s ion,has become a means to

ins i s t on s ingle-member dist rict ingschemes that ” fai rly reflect” theminori ty population in coveredstates and count ies mainly in the

South and Southwes t . Dis trictingplans must be torn up followingevery decennial census t o meet theone person,

one vote (equalpopulation ) rule . Every new plan ina covered s tate or county must besubmitted for federal approval . If thenew plan is not clearly abovesuspicion

,an object ion will be

lodged on groun ds of discriminatorypurpose or effect . Were theobjection s imply to a new means ofkeeping blacks from the polls (asthe init ial act envisioned ), federalauthori ties could insi s t on a returnto previous procedures . But there i sno going back to a malapportioneddistrict ing plan . Thus

,there i s a

need to devi se a new plan on the

part of the j uri sdiction,and to

set tle,on the part of the Justice

Department or the Di s trict ofColumbia court

,when black bal lots

fully” coun t . ”Fully” count : thephrase i t self invi te s a defin i tion thatgives those bal lots maximumweight

,defin ed as officeholding.

Anything less suggest s acompromised right . Yet maximumweigh t implies an ent i tlement toproportional ethnic and rac ialrepresentation no les scontrovers ial wi th respec t tolegislative bodies than withreference to s chools and place s ofemploymen t . Voting rights hasbecome another immen selycomplex affirmative ac t ion i s suedi stinctive only in not be ingacknowledged as such .

Almost no dis tricting plan that doe snot provide for such rac ial andethn ic proportionali ty ( to the degreethat racial gerrymandering makesposs ible ) wil l obtain JusticeDepartment approval even underthis Republican admini s tration . In

theory, new dis trict ing plans mustpass mus ter if they do not leaveblack voters wi th fewer maj ori tyblack di s tricts than they had before .

In fact,that rule e s tablished by

the Supreme Court is seldomfollowed .

Take the case of Senate redi s trictingin South Carolina after the 1 980census . The South Carolina Senatehas 46 seat s . By a plan enacted in1 983 allmember s were elected froms ingle -member di s tri ct s, nine ofthem maj ori ty-black . The planwould seem to have been a radicalimprovement over the previous one,which provided for multicounty,multimember di strict s

,all of whi ch

were maj ority-white and underwhich only one black had beenelected . Nevertheles s, the JusticeDepartment turned the plan down,

insi s t ing on 1 0 maj ori ty blackdistricts the maximum thatcould be drawn .

No amoun t of argument canpersuade the Just ice Department (orthe D i s trict of Columbia court,which is used infrequent ly ) that i t i slegi timate to divide black votersbetween district s in order to protecta white l iberal incumbent who hasserved the district well and whoperhaps has seniori ty on legi s lativecommittees that are important toblacks . Race i s the l ine that count s ;communi t ies of interes t are definedby color .

Likewi se,any t ime an ann exat ion

adds more black votes than whi te toa municipal i ty that elects it sgove rn ing body at-large, thatmuni cipality mus t swi tch to s inglemember di s trict s that fair ly reflectthe minority populat ion . This hasbecome true no mat ter how smallthe proportionate drop in min oritypopulation . Thus

,wi th respect to

S tate sboro, Geo rgia, the Just iceDepartment fi led an objection aftera boundary change caused a drop ofpercent in the black population .

S ingle-member districts, raciallyge rrymandered to facili tate blackand Hi spani c officeholding, havebecome the rule not only in the

covered s tate s and count ies thoses tates and counties mainly in the

South and Southwe s t to whichsection 5 applies . The amendmentof sec tion 2 in 1 982 allowedm inori ty plaintiffs in everyjuri sdiction not s imply thosewi th di sgraceful hi s tories ofpers isten t black disfranchi sementto challenge methods of voting ongrounds of di scriminatory ” result . ”Inadequate elec toral opportuni tywas the prohibited ” resul t” ; amethod of e lect ion was said to havea di scriminatory ” re sult ” whenminori ty voters had less opportun i tythan whi tes to part icipate in the

poli ti cal proces s and to e lect therepresen tat ive s of their choice . It

was a radical change in the statute,made more s o by subsequentjudicial rulings . Judges had beenas signed one task, but as sumedanother . They had been asked todist inguish a racist poli tical processfrom normal electoral defeat thatto which every group

,however

defin ed,is vuln erable . But they

turned that as s ignment into amandate to alter electoral systemsto maximize minori ty offi ceholding.

A s tatutory amendment has thusbeen further amended by judicialinterpretat ion . White candidate slose elections for a var iety ofreason s

,court s as sume

,but blacks

for only one : that of race . The

defeat of a minority candi date isthus always raci s t . Where blackoffi ceholding i s di sproport ionatelylow

,the ru le s mus t be changed to

m inimize the incidence of suchdefeat s . Thi s i s the as sumption thatruns through most judicial deci sionsinterpret ing section 2 of the act, asamended in 1 982 . Take

,for instance,

Thornburg v. Gingles , decided bythe Supreme Court in June 1 986 .

Gingles involved six mul timemberdi stricts and one s ingle-memberdis trict in North Carolina’sapportionment scheme for the statelegi slature . The claim of the black

plaint iffs was that maj ori ty-whitemultimember dis trict s ” submergedand therefore diluted the votings trength of black s living withinthem . They could be carved up intos ingle -member di st rict s

,they

pointed out,to create a number of

safe"black di s trict s . In addit ion,the

chal lenged single -member di strict,plaintiffs charged

,divided black

voting s trength between two

district s .

The di strict court,upholding the

plaint iffs ’ claims,acknowledged

that blacks had been elected to localoffice in every di s trict and that ,except in one dis trict , they had beenelected to the s tate legis lature . In

1 982,in fact

,blacks had won in all

but one of the chal lenged distric t s ;even prior to 1 982, in three out of

five contested dis trict s , blackofficeholdingwas proportionate or

nearly proportionate to the blackpopulat ion . Neverthele s s

,p laint iffs

succe s sfully argued that thesevictories did not count that thesucce s s of a black incumben t , forinstan ce

,was no te s t ofwhite

receptivi ty to black politicalaspirations s ince incumbent s arealways hard to beat .

Black candidate s had won in NorthCarolina and black voter s had putwhite s in office . The latter fact wasnever acknowledged by the di s tric tcourt

,which looked exclus ively at

the extent of black officeholdingand foun d i t wanting . Whitecitizens were overrepresentedwheneve r white offi ceholdingwas

23

Bos ton mayoral candidates (left torigh t) Ray Flynn and Mel King in 1 984

disproportionately high,the court

as sumed . Moreove r,white

representative s who owed thei relec tion to black supportnevertheles s did not representblacks .

Black electoral succes s , in the viewof the court

,was insufficient and

voting was racially polarized .

Whites were refus ing to vote forblack candidates

,the court

concluded,al though in fact whi te

support for blacks was often above40 percent . The maj ori ty of whites,the court said

,were ”unwi l ling"to

vote for black candidate s , a signalthat e lections were racial lypolarized and that black electoralopportun ity was unequal to that ofwhite s . Thus

,although two black

candidates had received more than40 percent of the white vote and

had won in one North Carolinalegi s lat ive di s t ric t, elections in thatdistrict were tainted by racial blocvoting by polarization

,the court

claimed . On appeal,the Supreme

Court upheld the se findings .

Particularly in the South,the level

of minority offi ceholding i s alegi timate source of cont inuingconcern . Where public offices appears till reserved for white s

,federal

authorities should s tep in . Whereracism s til l dominates the poli t icalproces s

,the method of election

should be s truc tured to minimizei t s impact . ”

Safe” black andHi span ic s ingle-member di st rict shold raci sm in check

,limi t ing it s

influence .

Categorizing individual s for poli ticalpurposes along line s of race andsanctioning group member ship as aqual ificat ion for office may inhibitpolitical integrat ion . As one scholarhas argued, such categorizationamount s to a racial ”piece -of—the

action approach,

” perhaps freezingrather than thawing the previoussystem of racial polit ics . Theheightened sen se of groupmembership may work again st thatof common c it izenship .

But a disproportionately highnumber Of whites in office i s nosure s ign that considerations Of raceare controlling electoral outcomesor even that the legacy Of pas tdi scriminat ion cont inues to dis tortthe political p roces s . Whi telegi slators often represent blackcons ti tuent s . Equally important

,

black candidates lose elections forreasons other than racism . Blackcandidates may all be Democ rats ina heavily Republican di s trict

,for

ins tance . And where the doors Ofelectoral opportuni ty appear Open to

both whites and blacks,there i s a

point to lett ing the polit ical processwi thout external federal

interference set tle the electoralrules . Ins i s t ing on a maximumnumber Of m inority dis trict s doe sincrease the number Of blacks inOffice; and blacks who sit on a citycounci l or Other governing body notonly check raci sm but Oftenheighten public confi dence in blackpoli tical compe tence

,serve as

spokesmen forminori ty interests,

put blacks on importan t commi t teesand fac i l itate the discus s ion Oftopics ( such as black crime ) thatwhite s are reluctant to raise . But

there is a price to pay : the ri sk Ofresegregat ing the poli tical proces sand magni fying the e lectorals trength Of con servative white s .

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25

arm

in All Walks of Life

by Freya L . Sonenstein

Freya L . Sonenstein is

senior research associate ,

lec turer and codirector ofthe Program on Familiesand Children a t the Heller

School. She received a BA .

from Wellesley College , and

herMA . and Ph D . in

sociology from Bos tonUniversity . Before joiningthe Heller School, she wasa senior research associa teat the Urban Institute , and

director of demonstrationand evaluation , Office ofAdolescen t PregnancyPrograms , US Departmen tofHealth and Human

Services , both inWashington , DC . She is

the author ofmany articleson adolescen t pregnancyissues and has served as a

consultan t on these issuesfor the American Red

Cross , the American PublicWelfare Associa tion and

the Ford Founda tion .

In 1 984, jus t over one million adolescen t women in the

Uni ted S tates became pregnant . Thi s figure means thatapproximately 1 1 percent Of allwomen between the

ages Of 1 5 through 1 9 expe rienced a pregnancy in thatsingle year . About half the pregnan cies resulted inbirths

,40 percent resulted in induced abortions and the

remainder ended in miscarriages . A s ingle year ’ss tat i s t ics paint only a partial picture Of the cumulat iveri sk Of pregnan cy . By thei r 1 8 th birthdays, about 47percent Of black females have been pregnan t and j us tover 20 percent have become mothers ; among whitefemales about 1 7 percent become pregnant and eightpercent bear children . While black teens are twice as

l ikely as whi te teens to become pregnant,once

pregnant, there i s only a s light difference betweenwhites and blacks in the proportion resorting toabortion .

During the past decade there has been increas ing publicrecogni t ion that teenage childbearing is a serious socialproblem . Recent magazine cover s tories

,television

documentaries and newspaper articles have heightenedawareness that too many teenagers get pregnan t andbecome parents . For them

,parenthood begins before

schooling can be completed,before stable marriages can

be established,before economic self sufficiency is

reasonably as sured and,most important ly

,before these

teenagers can complete thei r own proces s Of growingup . While the problem disproportionately affectspoverty and minori ty populations

,teenagers in all

walks Of l ife are affected . Yet there are preventionprograms that could be widely implemented on the

local level . Some background on the problem can placethese programs in perspective .

The pregnan cy rate among all teen s has s teadily risenabout 20 percent since 1 972 . The ri se in pregnancy

rates reflect s a t rend to engage in sexual intercourse at

earl ier ages . Between 197 1 and 1 979, the proportion of

teenage women,ages 1 5 to 1 9, who had engaged in

sexual in tercourse increased by two thirds . By the end

of the decade,close to half of teenage women and two

thirds Of teenage men had engaged in sexual intercourseby the t ime they reached their 1 9 th birthdays . In the

early 1 9808 sexual ac tivity rates decl ined s lightly, andfurther declines are pos sible if teenagers heed thewarnings about AIDS .

The Uni ted S tates has twice the pregnancy rateleads in abort ion and childbearing rate s as otherdeveloped nat ions such as Canada, England andWales ,France

,Sweden and the Netherlands . Even when

compari sons are l imi ted to white teenagers,the Uni ted

States rates are st i ll close to double the rates in thesecountries

,andwe are the on ly nation among thi s group

where teenage pregnancy rates have increased in recentyear s . Re searchers have shown that the se rates are notthe result Of higher level s Of sexual activi ty amongAmerican teens . Teenagers in the other coun tries arejust as likely to be sexually active as here . The

difference appears to be that teen s in the se othercountries have greater acce s s to sex education and to

contraception,usual ly through a national heal th

system .

Decisions about sex and pregnancy are seeminglyprivate

,occurring within the context of int imate

relation ships . Yet when these deci sions are made byteenagers

,they become the focus of public scrutiny

because Of thei r cos tly personal and societalconsequences . A growing body of research has shownthat teenage childbearing severely limi t s the lifechances Of adolescent mothers and their chi ldren .

S ignificant monetary burdens for the public sector areal so created . Indeed

,the recogni tion of the magni tude

of public expendi ture s for families created by births toteenagers has been a maj or catalyst in focus ing publicpolicy on adolescent chi ldbearing .

Teenage chi ldbearing,whe ther i t occurs in or out side of

marriage,i s assoc iated with higher ri sks of severe and

costly health problems for the pregnant mother and herchild . Al though prenatal care

,received early and

regularly,great ly reduces a pregnant teenager ’s chances

When teenage mo thers marry,they are more l ikely to

have another ch i ld quickly . They are even less l ikely tocomplete thei r schooling than their unm arri edcounterpart s

,and thei r marr iage s do not las t . Marri age

to legi t imate the pregnancy therefore does not insureagains t s ingle parenthood orwe lfare dependency ;moreover

,i t i s associated wi th increases in the barrier s

that young mothers must overcome to become se lfsufficient .

These findings demon strate that there i s clearly aproblem and the cos t s Of pregnancy are very high . Whatcan we do about i t ? Once a teenager becomes pregnan t,there are s imply no easy solut ions . Focusing efforts onpreventing the firs t pregnancy and, fai ling this ,subsequent pregnanc ies

,appear to be the logical

intervent ion po int s .

If our goal i s to prevent firs t p regn ancies , effort s need totarget youth before they become sexual ly act ive . In

1 979 , the average age of firs t intercourse for blackteenage men was 14 years of age , 1 5 years for whitemale s

,1 5 for black female s and 1 6 forwhi te females .

26

of health complications,these young women tend to

delay en try into heal th care when they suspectpregnancy . As a result pregnancy complications

,

premature births,low birth weights and even infant and

maternal deaths are much more l ikely amongadole scent s than among women in the ir 205 . Chi ldrenborn to teenagers are therefore more l ikely to s tart lifewi th phys ical and developmental p roblems that the irparent s are poorly equipped to deal with . A birth to a

teenage woman reduce s her chances Of finishing school,

and al so interrupts schooling for young fathers . As are sul t

,adole scent parent s get poor paying j obs with few

prospec ts for gett ing ahead . In addi tion,because they

start earlier they are l ikely to have mo re children thanparents who wai t . With more mouths to feed and fewe rre sources to go around

,fam il ies started by a teenage

pregnancy are more l ikely to live in poverty and tobe dependent on welfare programs . In fact

,two- thirds Of

adole scent mothers bearing children in thi s decade are

expected to receive AFDC (Aid for Families withDependent Children ) at s ome t ime in the next 1 0 years .The Center for Population Opt ions es timates thatfamilies started by teenage mothers cost the nation

billion las t year in welfare,foodstamps and

Medicaid benefit s .

Worse yet, some s tudie s Of inner ci ty schoo l s havereported average age s at firs t intercourse of 1 1 and 1 2

years Of age for boys . Tran slat ing the se age s into schoolgrade levels

,these findings mean that we need to s tart

intervening before the 9th grade for average teenagers ,and even earlier by the oth and 7th grades in

many communi tie s . What kinds of programs should bedeveloped ? There i s good evidence that sex educat ionincrease s students ' knowledge levels, and many teen sneed accurate and complete informat ion about the ri sksof pregnancy and how to prevent i t . They al so needmore : decis ion making and communication ski lls areal so essential so that teenager s can make informeddeci s ions about sex and di scuss them with potentialpartners . More comprehen s ive sexual ity educationprograms include the se component s . But even“gardenvariety” sex education appears to have positive effect s .Several recent research s tudies have found thatteenagers who have had sex education of any typereport fewer pregnancies and more effectivecontraceptive behavior . Therefore sex education doeslook l ike a promising pregnancy prevention approach . In

addition,the research has documented that sex

educat ion does not encourage teen s to increase theirsexual activi ty

,which has been an underlying fear Of

Opponent s of sex educat ion programs .

A 1982 s tudy Of sex educat ion by the author found thatwhile 80 percent of ci ty school dis trict s nat ionwideprovided some form of sex education

,much of i t was

too lit tle,too late .

” Only one-fifth of the dist ri ct sprovided at leas t one c lass period on sexual inte rcourseand the probabili ty Of pregnancy for their s tudentsbefore the 9th grade . Even fewer distric ts introduceddiscus s ion s about the t ime in the mens t rual cycle whenpregnancy i s most l ikely ( 14 percent ), the typ es ofcontraceptives that can be used ( 1 1 percent ), where theycan be Obtained ( seven percent ) or even techniques tores ist peer p re s sure to engage in sex ( 1 8 percent ) . S inceso few school di s trict s provide es sent ial informat ion to

teenagers before they are sexual ly active,i t i s no

wonder that as ses sments of sex education have notproduced s triking re sult s .

Fami ly planning services provide another re source foradolescent s . One-fifth of all premari tal pregnancie soccur within the fir s t month after sexual intercoursebegins one-half in the firs t s ix months . It i s thereforeextremely important that effective contraception beused at fi rs t intercourse and ever afterwards . TheNat ional Re search Counc i l ’s Panel on Adole scentPregnancy and Ch i ldbearing recent ly concluded thatthe mos t effective inte rvention for reducing earlyunintended pregnancy in sexually act ive teenagers i sdi ligent contraceptive use .

”Thi s requires accurate

knowledge,acces s to con traceptives and motivation

Access to fam ily plann ing servi ce s in a community i sas sociated wi th reduction s in adolescent birth rates .However

,since 1980, federal family planning funds

have been cut and a wel l -public ized, although ill -fated,init iative to require parental consent may havediscouraged teenage c l ien ts .

The most recent development in fami ly planning i s theschool based heal th clinic . Modeled on a program in S t .

Paul that reported s ign ificant reduc tions in teenpregnancy rates

,these programs are sprouting up and

creating cont roversy all over the count ry because theyprovide contraception to s tudent s . Under this model

,a

range Of health serv ice s are provided to adole scent sthrough a clinic in the school . Some programs actuallyprovide contraceptives in the schoo l

,some make

referral s to nearby family planning clin ics . Theseprograms are expected to reduce teen pregnancybecause they provide teenager s with the informationthat they need and they make acces s to contraceptionvery easy . Crit ics on the other hand argue that theprovi s ion Of contraceptives to adole scent s at them inimum condones thei r sexual activi ty and at the

maximum may increase i t .

One program,the Self Center in a s torefront adjacent to

two Baltimore schools,has been rigorous ly evaluated .

The result s show dramatic decreases in pregnancy andbirth rates among program participants . Moreintere s ting however are the reported program impact sOn delays in ini t iat ing sexual behavior . The provi s ion Offami ly planning services

,sex education and counsel ing

in thi s program resulted in the postponement Of firstintercourse among participants . Clearly the provi sion Ofcontraception did not encourage the students to rushheadlong into sex.

Programs that work wi th teenager s who have alreadyhad their firs t baby

,to prevent second and third

pregnancies,can al so make a substan tial dent in the

problem . In 1 984, for example, 23 percent Of bi rths toteenagers in the Uni ted S tate s were second or thirdbirths . Comprehen s ive service programs for pregnantand parenting teen s can reduce subsequent pregnancyrates when fami ly planning i s Offered . Moreover, thistype of program

,Of all the prevent ion approaches, i s

most palatable because few wil l argue that i t i sinappropriate to provi de fam ily planning services toteenagers who are al ready mothers .

A handful of program s,referred to as l ife Opt ion

programs,are now being s tarted . They combine

contraceptive service s wi th job t raining, careerpreparation

,dropout prevent ion and educational

enrichment . The se programs are buil t on the

recogn i tion that teenagers,especial ly those from

impove ri shed environments and those wi th limi tedskil l s

,may see few reasons to make the extra effort that

pregnancy avoidance requires . As an at tempt to revi sethe teenage rs ’ views of the Opportunity s tructure as

we l l as to provide them with the information and ski l lsthey need to avoid pregnancy, they are an excitinginnovation . However

,they are more costly than other

preven tion efforts . A more economical approach i s tointegrate pregnancy prevention into exist ing trainingand remedial educat ion programs . This is alreadyhappening in some part s of the country, and theseefforts need rigorous evaluation .

Unti l recently,service and policy interventions largely

ignored the obvious cont ribution of male s to the scopeof the adolescen t pregnancy problem . Apart from a

short- l ived male ini tiative in the late 1 9705 ,contraceptive programs have typ ically targeted femalesfor service . Recently

,however

,new interest has ri sen in

promoting responsible sexual behavior in males . TheUrban League and Boys Clubs have moun ted newprograms to discourage males from fathering childrenbefore they are finan cial ly ready . A network ofdemonstration programs serving adolescent father s i sfunctioning in selected communi tie s across thecount ry . The Child Support Enforcement Program now

pursues paterni ty establishment as a way of obtainingfinancial support for chi ldren born out of wedlock whoend up being supported by AFDC .

The facts indicate that male ferti lity behavior shouldnot be ignored . Male s have an important role inpregnan cy prevent ion . Teenage male s are almos t aslikely as females to use contraception , and at firstintercourse they play an e specially important role .

Seventy percent of the adolescent couples contraceptingat first intercourse used male methods of contraception .

Clearly,getting males t o use contraception

,even at first

intercourse,is not a lost cause . The resurgence of

in terest in condoms to prevent AIDS can only meanthat the male role in contraception wi l l expand .

Because many male s do not face the sameconsequences as females when unintended pregnanciesoccur

,they may not be motivated to take contraceptive

action . Some have argued that if pate rni ty adjudicationand child support were vigorously pursued for all outof-wedlock children

,males would have much more

reason to avoid pregnancies . In fact,the s tate of

Wiscons in has taken thi s logi c one s tep further andmade the adolescent father ’s parents financially l iablefor his children . One economi s t has even sugges tedtaxing all teenage males a flat amoun t to cove r thecosts of the pregnancies that they cause . However

,over

half of the chi ldren born to teenage women are not

fathered by teenagers but by men over the age Of 20 .

Of the programs described here on ly a few have beenchosen from a multi tude of approaches that are beingtried around the country . It is clear that there is nosingle solution to the adolescent pregnancy problem . It

is too complex and mul tifaceted to be amenable tosimple remedies . Trends in adolescent p regnancy areintricately linked with our society ’s in st i tutionalpatterns of income distribution and changing familystructures . The prevention programs proposed here offerpractical approaches to a narrowly defined problem and

will have l it tle impact on these larger social structures .

They have been chosen because they address adoles centpregnancy head on by talking directly to teens aboutsexuali ty and con traception . If a combinat ion of theprograms de scribed were implemented, the researchevidence sugges ts that we would make a dent in our

adolescent pregnancy problem . Why then are we not

more succes sful in implementing a practical p revent ionst rategy ? The answer is not ent irely resources since

most prevention programs are not very expensive,

especially when compared to the annual costs thatadolescent pregnancies generate in welfare programs .Instead

,the failure seems to lie in our inabil ity to bui ld

poli ti cal consensus aroun d a set Of strategies .Conservatives argue loudly and strongly that the publi csector has no bus iness intervening in what isessential ly a private responsibi li ty of famil ies toeducate the ir chi l dren about sex within their ownvalues . Proponents of public action on the other han dhave been unable to build wide or s trongconsti tuencies . Our cultural embarrassment aboutsexuali ty in general seems to have discouraged manyactivists and leaders from energetically entering thefray . The result is an impasse .

A coherent national adolescent pregnancy preventions trategy does not appear imminent . At the federal level

,

Congress has authorized two prevention programs :the Adolescent Fami ly Life Demonstrat ion Programsupports project s that discourage premari tal sexualactivi ty and the Family Planning Program that p rovidescontracep tive services to teenagers and Older women .

These two programs are the result of a bitter trade-offbetween the advocates of abs tinence and the advocatesOf con traception .

Coordinated strategies are being tried at the local level .Communi ties around the country appear to berecognizing the high stake consequences of risingadolescent p regnancy rates . In communi ties such asHartford

,Connecticut

,andMinneapolis

,M innesota,

coal i tions of publ ic officials, business leaders, human

service professionals,clergy and parents are mobilizing

to address the problem . Often the ir first efforts sidesteptalking to teens di rectly about sexuality but as themomentum builds

,thi s need becomes Obvious . These

ini t iat ives recognize that each communi ty can developits own p revent ion action plan

,buil ding on exist ing

resources and tai lored to its own values . These local lybased efforts current ly Offer the most hope thateffective prevent ion s trategies will eventually beadopted . However, if the war must be won communi tyby communi ty

,the fight could be a long one . What is

sorely missing is leadership from the top,leadership

that recognizes that teenage pregnancy is a problemthat wil l not go away un t il we can face down our

national ambivalence about teenage sexual behavior . Ci

nicorn s

by James J . Callahan, Ir.,Ph .D .

’

68

Social policy commonly isunderstood as a public course ofaction embodied in legislat ion

,

court decisions and admin is trat iveregulat ions affecting real life events .

It may , however, be const ructed foreven imaginary s i tuations . Considerthe recent request of an aspiring1988 presidential hopeful

,who

asked for a background paper onsocial policy for unicoms . The

candidate wan ted to know : thenumber and distribution Of

unicoms,m igration patterns

,

average s ize of the herds,pat terns of

reproduct ion,food requirement s

,

areas of tension between uni com s

and humans,prevalence and

incidence of disease and a numberof other related concern s . Thecandidate ins tructed her staff to doa summary of all legislation and

current government regulationsaffecting the status of unicoms . She

requested also a review of courtdecisions related to unicoms and

commis sioned a poll to measure thepublic 's at titudes toward the se one

horned creatures .

A knowledgeable obse rver of thepolicy scene would conclude thatthe candidate certainly had a senseof the element s that comprisedsocial policy . That same observer

,

along with the per son in the street,

would conclude,l ikewise

,that the

presidential hopeful was hopeles safter all

,everyone knows that there

i s no such thing as a unicorn .

I don ’t agree with this judgementbecause all the other presidentialhopeful s are proposing social policyfor an equal ly imaginary creature :the elderly . Although popular2 9

magazines purport to havediscovered the elderly andpolit ician s promise to protect andenhance their wel l-being

,there is in

fact no one category into which wecan pigeonhole the e lderly . We

should avoid general izat ions aboutthei r s ituation based on an arbi traryage demarcat ion such as 65 or acatchal l category of the elderly

,

which evokes the widespread imageOf a monoli thic group .

Policy makers,to be effective

,mus t

take account of the changing socialfacts that affect Older persons

,

reexamining many of theassumptions upon whi ch income

,

ret irement and health policies arebased . I discovered this for myselfabout 1 0 year s ago when I was theSecretary of Elder Affai rs inMas sachuse tt s

,but I am coming

clean for the fi rst time now. I had,

of course, heard of the elderly sin cethe department I headed had beencreated as a result of a strenuouslobbying effort . For two year s

,I

traveled to every comer of the statelooking for the elderly

,vi s i t ing

senior ci tizen center s,golden age

clubs,nursing homes

,health cl in ics

and nutri tion centers . In the courseof my j ourneys

,I met men and

women who were 70 years Old,85

years old, 92 years old, but not one

person who was elderly . I searchedand I asked . A 92-year-old man

congratulated me on the fine j ob Iwas doing helping the elderly andexclaimed

,

”I l ike to help them

,

too . When I approached someoneidentified as the e lderly I wouldhear, ”

not me,I’m not there yet .

Despite the lack of evidence that theelderly exi s ted

,I con tinued to

James J. Callahan , Jr. , is lecturer,

senior research associate and

director ofmen tal health trainingat the Heller School, as well asdirector of the Supp ortive ServicesProgram for Older Persons . He

received his BA . from Holy CrossCollege, his MA . in social workfrom B os ton College and his Ph D .

in social welfare from the Heller

School at Brandeis . He has held

various p osts in the Massachusettsstate government includingCommissioner forMedical

Assistance (Medi caid) ,Commissioner ofMen tal Healthand Secretary of Elder Affairs . He

has written numerous articles on

agingand health p olicy , and

coauthored an award-Winningbook en ti tled Reforming the LongTerm Care System : Financial andOrgani zat ional Options (LexingtonBooks ,

advocate for thei r needs and askedpoli ticians to provide them withmore resources

,which they were

more than willing to do .

After all,the term

,the elderly,

evokes a summary image of olderpersons that is very att ract ive forthe formation and implementat ionof social policy s ince polit ician s andcit izens al ike are acquainted wi tholder per sons and generally feelbenign toward them . Natural lythere i s evidence that some oldpeople do have economic and healthproblems ; the popular imagespawned by the Depress ion

,of

hopeles snes s and vic timization ofOlder persons

,remains in the

collect ive conscience . Popularmagazines scare the public withscenari os of mas se s of helples selderly and fierce intergenerat ionalconflict .

Some policy advocates m ight arguethat i t i s useful to have such anevocative s tereotype as the elderly

,

claiming that i t has helped thecause of improving the status ofOlder persons . While this argumenthas some meri t

,cont inuation of thi s

approach wil l jeopardize theS trengths of the current policyframework toward Older person s andcould be very harmful to part icularolder individuals . It has becomeobvious to me that the Olderpopulat ion inc lude s rich and poor

,

heal thy and s ick,wi se and s tupid

,

and any attempt to treat all of themas some underp rivi leged minori tywil l back lash .

Firs t of all,as the re sul t of

s tructural and behavioral changes insociety over the pas t few years

,age

is becoming les s relevant as a bas i sfor public policy . Poverty as a

part icular problem of being old,for

example has been virtuallyel iminated . James Schulz, Ida and

Meyer Ki rstein Profe s sor forPlann ing and Adm in i s tration of

Aging Policy at the Heller School ,argues that older persons are now as

economically diverse as the res t ofAmericans . In 1 966 , percen t ofper sons over 65 were clas s ified aspoor

,whereas in 1 984 this number

was percent,which i s almost

the same as for the under 65population . This change in the

econom ic status of Older person swas the result Of del iberate policyaction s in the late 1 9605 and early1 9705 that raised and indexed SocialSecuri ty benefit s and created theSupplemental Security Incomeprogram . This achievemen t doe s notmean that Older per son s are rich .

Seventy percent have incomes undercompared to 30 percent of

persons under 65 . O lder pe rson shave more as set s

,primar ily in the

form of a home,but thi s is not

part icularly liquid since i t i s theusual choice of res idence of Olderpeople .

The expenditure pattern for healthcare on the par t of Older personsal so has changed primarily due tothe introduction ofMedicare . In

1 965,hospital care repre sented 39

percent of Older per sons ’expenditures for health care . By

1984 that had ri sen to percent .In 1 965 , however, 53 percent ofhospital care was paid out of pocke tcompared to three to five percent in1984 . Acute care i s covered fairlywell by Medicare and supplementalin surance ( including Medicaid ) andmost Older persons are protec tedsignificant ly from excessive acutemedical expenditure s . In 1 962, 43

percent of marr ied couples,50

percent of the nonm arried men and

46 percent of nonmarried women

spent more than 1 0 percent of theirincome on medical care . Thosees t imates are in sharp contras t withthe Nat ional Medical CareUt ilization and Expenditure S tudyestimate of percent of olde rperson s spending more than 1 0

percent in 1 980 .

De spite these improvement s , olderpersons on average s ti ll spend aboutas much out of pocket on per sonalhealth care as in 1 966 ( 1 5 percen t ofincome ) with low income per sonsspending di sproportionately more .

The maj or out-of—pocket costs noware for nursing home care . SinceOlder per sons use more hospital andphysician s ’ services than nursinghome care

,the costs are not as

wide ly distributed . There i s,

however, increased potent ial ( if notal ready an actual ity ) for a sign ificantamoun t of hospi tal type costs to beshifted to Older per sons as a resul tof Medicare ’

s tigh ter defin it ions ofcovered benefi ts .

Medicare,the heal th insurance

program for those over 65 , set s 65 asthe age of el igibili ty . For personswho continue to work, however, theprogram is no longer the fi rst dollarpayer ; the employer must pick upthe heal th cos ts . All those whoretire early at age 62 face a period ofthree years before they are eligiblefor Medicare . Hence

,age 65 has

l i t tle bearing on health insurancecoverage .

While age 65 i s s t i ll considered thenormal age of ret irement at whi chmany public and private plan s offerfull benefit s

,the mandatory age for

retirement has been elim inated formost public and pri vateemployment . Employers, therefore,cannot use age di rectly as a mean s

for removing an Older person fromthe work force . At the same t ime

,

the actual age for retirement isdropping and probably will continueto do so ; increasingly, age 62 hasbecome the actual age of retirement .Policy analysts looking at thepopulation that is beginn ing tobecome old predict that the t rendaway from age 65 as a useful markerwill accelerate .

The next generation of older personswi l l appear in many re spects verydifferent from the presentgenerat ion . A recen t nat ional surveyof the ”prime years generation

,

persons now 50 to 65,reveal a group

with better Social Security andpension coverage

,with 82 percent

owning thei r own homes and with62 percent seeing the reti red yearsas a very posi t ive t ime in their l ives .Most are looking forward to earlyretirement with only 1 5 percentplanning to cont inue working fullt ime beyond age 65 . Fift y-twopercent

,however

,plan part -t ime

work combined wi th ret irement .

As age 65 has les s mean ing forcategorizing economi c s tatus andfor actual re tirement behavior, i thas less meaning as well for healthstatus . From the standpoin t of theheal th of the individual

,age 65 has

re latively l it tle relevance sin cemany 65 year olds are as healthy as45 year olds . Gerontologists haveiden tified a phenomenon calledyouth creep

,

” whi ch refers to thelarge number of people entering intotheir 605 and 705 heal thier thanthei r grandparen ts were at the sameage . There have been remarkableimprovements in the acute care ofolder per sons

,which range from

such simple,low technology items

as management of hypertension that30

has reduced cardiovascular death,to

highly techn ological i tems such aship prostheses that have extendedthe mobility of older persons .Advance s in general heal th of theaging

,especially the young Old

( those between 65 and 80 ) areexpected to con tinue . The resul ts ofthese improvement s will meanmore and heal thier Older person s

,

yet at the same t ime they rai se thespecter of the poss ibi li ty of a largerpool of chroni cal ly ill individualswho might not have survived in an

earlier t ime .

Two competin g perspective s emergefrom thi s picture : one notionpresumes a squeezing of di sablingconditions into the late years of aperson 's l ife wi th very brief periodsof incapacity and dying .

Gerontologis t s refer to thi s as thesquaring Of the mortal ity andmorbidi ty curve . Readers may preferan analogy to the one-horse-shaythat ran for 1 00 years and a dayand then suddenly broke downcompletely .

The other view denie s theone-horse- shay theory and pro jects alarge population of extremelydi sabled individual s requiring longterm care and mak ing a heavydemand on soc ietal re sources .S tat i s tics are not avai lable on the

size and composition of thispotent ial pool of serious ly disabledperson s

,and changes in how society

handle s the dying process such asmain taining or abandoning heroiceffort s to keep the dying al ivemay change markedly any currentp rojections .

The dynamics of heal th change s inthe olde s t Old (over 85 ) reveal theinadequacy of our current3 1

John Fielding,

’

89, a member of theWaltham Group , smiles wi th Maria a t

the Larchwood Lodge NursingHome.

The Waltham Group is a studen torganization at Brandeis dedicated tointeractingwi th the local community .

unders tanding of aging,which has

been based on research on youngerold people

,those between 65 and

80 . The scient ific unders tanding ofthe basic age t rajectory of certainphysiological processes has changedprofoundly in jus t the las t fewyears . Our current s tereotypes ofdegenerat ive heal th changes atadvanced age may be inaccuratebecause of the variety of economi cand social lifestyles among Olderpersons the complex relationshipbetween i llnes s

,disabil i ty and

mortal i ty ; and the pos sibil ity thatthe very old are a select set ofsurvivors whose characte ri s t ics arenot obvious at an ear lier age .

that a huge formal service demand,wi th i t s concomi tant public cost s

,

wi ll engulf us . The changing fami lystructure wi th smal ler fami lies andmore divorces i s presumed to havean effect on the future poten tial ofthe informal sys tem to continue i t scaring role . No e st imate of thi seffect

,however, exists . Labor force

part icipat ion of women i s al sopresumed to reduce the amoun t Ofinformal care

,but the evidence i s

contradictory . Some studies showthat working persons provide as

much care as nonworkers andactual ly suffer le s s s tre s s .Psychological reasons are perhapsthe most s ignificant factor inexplaining informal caretakerbehavior . Perceivedinconvenience” has been ident ifiedas a maj or factor in fami lycaregivers giving up thei r caregivingrole . Caretaker s often decide toplace their relatives in a nursinghome because they feel they areshouldering an exces s ive burden

,

rather than actual ly devoting hoursto caregiving .

There are effective t reatment savailable for mos t of the psychiat ri cdi sorders Of late life

,al though

optimal t reatment approaches forspecifi c di sorder s are yet to bedefini tively identified . Mos t olderpersons are treated for emotionalproblem s wi th p sychotropicmedication prescribed by thei rgeneral p racti tioner . While drugtreatment has proved to be ve rybeneficial for older persons

,they are

at greater ri sk than younger patientsfor adver se react ions due to drug

Whi le age 65 i s a poor benchmarkfor policymakers

,there i s li t t le

disagreement among them thatlong-term care of older persons,e specially the very old, i s a maj orsocietal conce rn now and one thatwill continue into the foreseeablefuture . There is much le s sagreement on the nature of thisproblem

,organizational s trategies to

handle i t and ways to financesolution s . There are compet ingideas on how to expan d communi tyservices versus the need to expandnursing home beds . There i sdiscus s ion as to the costs thatshould be borne by elders and the irfamilie s as again s t those to be borneby the taxpayer . There i s conflict ingre search on whether communi typrogram s of home care can serve tokeep a person out of a nursing home

and whether paid-for p rofes s ionalserv ices wi ll result in fam i lymembers doing les s for the ir olde rrelatives .

The informal/formal carerelat ionship i s of part icular concernto policy makers . Care that Olderpeople receive in thei r own home

prov ided by nonprofes s ional familyand fri ends i s usual ly categorized asinformal care ; and care that i sprovided by hired profess ional s orparaprofe s s ionals i s termed formal

care . Numerous s tudies show thatof all care provided to Older persons

,

75 to 80 percent is provided byinformal caretaker s . Policydi scussion of the informal/fomi alcare balance often reflect s fear thatinformal caretakers wi l l give up and

The mental health needs of Olderperson s are in many ways differentthan those Of a younger populat ion,

al though age 65 once again i s not agood marker . Although anxietydi sorders and depres s ive illnes s may

be les s prevalent in Old age, they ares till common problems

,wi th about

1 4 percent of nonin s ti tutionalizedelders who experience abnormalanxiety and percent who sufferfrom maj or depression . The

prognosi s for those wi th depressionin late l ife i s worse than in youngeryears

,and for those depressed

,the

ri sk of ins ti tutionalizat ion or deathis greater .

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Bookshelf

Faculty

The Causes andPreven tion of War

Seyom Brown,professor of

pol i tics

St . Martin ’s Press

In a sustained argumentthat takes the reader froman analysis of the causes ofviolence to the means bywhich they might beprevented and contro lled,Brown attempts to answerthe quest ion : how can the

role of large-scale violencein human society bereduced ? He draws on the

li terature of various socialscience disciplines andpertinent schools Ofthough t, and includes2oth-century examplesrangingfrom World War I

to the Uni ted S tatesinvasion of Grenada. Usinginsights gained from thesefactors, he at tempts tolocate the causes ofwar,the condi t ions of peace andthe escalat ion ofmil i taryconfl ict in particularpatterns ofworld pol i tics

,

balances ofmi l i tary powerand styles of statecraft .Brown proposes bothimmediate and long-termapproaches to themanagement ofin ternat ional conflict, wi thspecial attention to theoverridingimperative of

avoidingnuc lear holocaust .

Resis tingNovels : Ideologye) Fiction

Lennard J . Davis , assistan tprofessor of Engl ish

Methuen

Drawingon a wide rangeof nove ls from the 1 7thcentury to the presen t, andon psychoanalysis as we l las l i terary theorists, thisbook explores how fictionworks subliminally toresis t change and to detachthe reader from the worldof lived experience . In fact

,

the author notes a doubleresistance

,because the

33

novel is also a defensivestructure posi tioningi tse lf against alienation,

loneliness andindustrialization

,all

the dehumani zingsymptoms ofmodern l ife .

Instead of concentratingon thematics

, a moretradi tional way to discussideology in novels

,Davis

approaches the subjectthrough s tructuralfeatures such aslocation

,character

,

dialogue and plotexaminingeach for i tseffect on the reader . Thisstrongly argued cri tiquewi l l attract readersconcerned wi th issues ofpornography andcensorship, pol i tical nove lsand the effects of fictionon the defenses of theindividual .

The Broken Window:

Becket t ’s DramaticPerspective

Jane Al ison Hale,assis tant

professor of French andcomparative l i terature

Purdue Universi ty Press

Hale addresses Beckett inan original manner . She isthe first cri tic to defin eBeckett ’s theatricaltechniques in terms of thenotion of perspective andto l ink them to s imi larinnovat ions in the plasticarts . In addi t ion

,she has

exhaustively e laboratedBecke t t ’s premises ofindeterminacy

,the

inevi tabil ity of perceptionand the breakdown of the

subject/object relationship .Hale demons trates thatBecket t is an ar t is t rootedin the mainstream of 20 th

century thought and awareof all of the sigrificant

artistic and intel lectualchanges that have takenplace in this century .

Modern Poli ti cal Sy s tems :

Europe

Roy Macridis, Lawrence A .

Wien Professor ofInternat ional Cooperation

,

edi tor

Prentice-Hall

In this s ixth edi tiontextbook for the Americanundergraduate, the authorsplace poli tics andgovernment insti tut ionswi thin the larger systemof social relationsideological, social,his torical

,international

and economic set t ings .Governments are shown as

decision—mak ingagenc ies,mak ingpolicy by choos ingfrom a varie ty of poss ibleoptions . The authors go on

to identify some of therecent problems that alldemocrac ies and alsocommunist andtotali tarian regimes facetoday : the mul t ipl ic i ty andurgency of demands upongovernments ; the pervas ivecris is of authori ty andlegi timacy ; and thenecessi ty of deve lopingacoherent economic policythat main tains economicgrowth . The subject mat terand s tyle would engageany reader in teres ted inthe bas ics of foreign affairs .

Behind the Scenes in

American Governmen t :Personalities and Poli tics

Peter Wol l, professor ofpoli tics

L i t tle,Brown and

Company

This sixth edi t ioni l lus trates how characterand personali ty influencepoli tics

,and the ways in

which pol i tical insti tutionsand processes such asthe presidency andpol i t ical campaigningaffec t the personali t ies andactions of those who are

involved . The authoranalyzes parties andpoli tical campaigning,interest groups andlobbyists, the media and

pol i tical consul tan ts, the

Alumni

The Na tion ofNan tucke t :Socie ty and Poli tics inan Early AmericanCommercial Cen ter , 1 6601 820

Edward Byers,PhD .

’

83

Northeastern Univers i tyPress

This first pol i tical andsoc ial history of Nantucketbegins with the l i fe of thenative Americaninhabitants and theset tlements Of the Engl ish,continuing through theturbulen t years of theAmeri can Revo lutionwhen the whal ing industrywas in jeopardy —to the

renewed prosperi ty of theearly 1 9th century . Byersexamines the interplayamongpoli tics, economicsand religious cul ture,arguing that the history ofNantucket reflects acentral paradox ofAmerican history : thepersistence of e li te con trolam id democratic structuresof economic and poli ticalpart icipat ion . Familyhistorians will beinterested in the influenceOf Quakers on familyrelations and the earlyadoption of familylimi tation prac tices, whi leeconomic historian s wil lenjoy the early history ofwhalingand thediscussions Of laborrelations and capi talinvestment .

presidency,Congress, the

courts and bureaucracy .Vignettes of famouspoli tic ians, pressure groupleaders

,journalists and

pol i tical consul tants,

members of Congress,Whi te House staffers andpresidential advisers

,

Supreme Court just icesand top

-level bureaucratsalso enter the discussion .

This commentary shouldat tract general readers whoseek insight in to leadingcontenders for theupcomingpres identialnominations .

Mixed Blessings : In tensiveCare for Newborns

Jeanne Harley Guillemin,

PhD .

’73, and Lynda Lytle

Holmstrom,PhD .

’

70

Oxford Universi ty Press

Howard Lev ine ’83 and

Howard Rhe ingold

Prentice Hall Press

Beyond the Veil: Male

Female Dynamics in

Modern Muslim SocietyFatima Memissi

,PhD .

’74

Indiana Universi ty Press

In this expanded andupdated edi tion whichincludes a newintroduct ion on Mus limwomen and

fundamentalism Mem issi

explores the sexualdynamics of the Muslimworld

,s tudies the

disorientingeffec ts ofmodern l ife onmale-female relations andlooks at the male-femaleuni t as a basic element ofthe s tructure of the

Musl im system . She

argues that the presen tconservative wave again s twomen in the Muslimworld is a defense agains tprofound changes in sex

roles and in perceptions ofsexual identity, no t ingthatunderlyingconcepts offemale sexuality inChristian andMusl imtradi tions are verydifferen t . Memissi showshow stricter regulation and

control ofwomen's

sexuali ty is a result ofMuslim theorists ’ viewsthat sexual equali ty is athreat to civil ized soc iety .

E l i zabeth P leck ’

67, MA .

’73

,PhD .

’

74

Oxford Universi ty Press

S tanley DeserEn id and Nathan S . Ance l lProfessor of Physics, gavean invi ted lecture at the

Second CanadianRe lativistic Astrophys icsConference

,Toronto,

at

the Quantum Gravi tySymposium of USSRAcademy of Science

,

Moscow,and at the

Quantum Cosmo logyConference

,Fermilab

,

Chicago .

Karl Eigstiadjunct professor of scenicdesign,

des igned the setsfor the Hun tington TheatreCompany 's production of

Jumpers by Tom Stoppard .He has also rece ived aDramalogue Award for hiswork wi th the Los AngelesTheatre Company .

Judi th Bissenbergartist-in-residence in mus icand violinist in the LydianStringQuartet, codirectedthe Mus ic from Salemchamber music series inSalem, New York . The

fes tival for whichBissenberg is alsocofounder has receivedgran ts from the New YorkS tate Counc il for the Artsand the NationalEndowment for the Arts .Featured artists duringthethree-week season werecofounder L ila Brown of

Vienna,Austria; Robert

Lev in ; members of theLydian S tringQuartet ; andother European artists .

Edward Engelbergprofessor of comparat iveli terature , publ ished anessay, ”

The D isplacedCathedral in Flaubert ,James, Lawrence and

Kafka,

”in Arcadia :

Ze i tschrift furVergleichendeLiteraturwissenshaft .

Gerald D . Pasman

Louis and BessieRosenfi eld Professor ofB iochemistry

,was named

chairman of the

B iophysical Society ’sCommi ttee onIn ternat ional Freedom and

Human Rights . At theinvitation of the AcademiaS inica of Sciences,Biophysics Insti tute,

Bei j ing, China, he lecturedand toured in nine Chinesecities, where he spoke onThe U til i ty of thePredict ion of ProteinSecondary S tructure asApplied to B iologicalProblems ” and on

” L inearand Cyclic B-Turns .

Lawrence H . FuchsMeyer andWal ter JaffeProfessor in AmericanCivi lization and Poli tics,received a gran t from the

S loan Foundation to

purchase the v ideo tapes Ofthe congressional debateson the Immigrat ionReform and Control Act of1986 . He previouslyreceived a gran t topurchase the video tapes ofthe congress ional debateon the S impson-Mazzol ibi ll in 1 984-85 . Fuchsspoke to the Uni ted S tatesCatholic Conference onImm igration and

part icipated in a series ofseminars sponsored by theLehrrnan Ins ti tute onImmigrat ion and FarmPol icy . He prepared and leda train ingsession formanagers and businessmen and women from the

People ’s Republic of

China,Livingand

Work ingin AmericanCul ture and Society,under the auspices ofGeneral E lectric . His

article,

”Not Regicide buta Commi tment toLegali ty, appeared in the

New York Times .

Chandler Ful tonprofessor of biology, Spokeat Albert E in stein Col legeofMedicine on

”FlagellarCalmodul in and Tubulinin Naegleria : Syn thesis,S tructure and Regulation .

He also de livered akeynote address enti t ledEvolution Then,

TubulinNow : What Can We Learnabout One from the

Other ? ” at the SpringConference of the BostonArea Cell Mo ti l i ty Groupat Harvard Univers i ty .

Martin G ibbsAbraham S . and GertrudeBurgProfessor in LifeSciences, organi zed aHungarian-USA BinationalSymposium on

Photosyn thesis, whichtook place in Szeged,Hungary , and at SalveRegina College .

professor of astrophysics,was appointed to a threeyear term on the AdvisoryBoard of the NationalScience Resource Center(NSRC ) . The NSRC isa new insti tut ionestablished joint ly bythe National Academyof Science and theSmi thsonian Insti tut ion

,

and is dedicated to theimprovement of scienceandmathematics teachingin the nation ’s e lementaryand secondary schoo ls .

lecturer wi th rank of

associate professor ofNearEastern and Judaic S tudiesand director

,Hebrew

Language Program, chairedthe 1 987 Internat ionalConference of the Nat ionalAssociation of Professorsof Hebrew (NAPH) held atBrandeis this summer . Shehas also been cert ifi ed asan oral proficiency testerin Engl ish as a SecondLanguage (ESL ) and beganwork with the AmericanCouncil on TeachingofForeigr Languages(ACTFL ) on the

development of an oralprofic iency test forHebrew.

Michae l J . Henchman

professor of chemistry,received a Fulbright grantto lecture on chemicalphys ics

,physical

chemistry and phys icalorganic chemistry and doresearch in the field ofgaseous electronics atAustria’s Universi ty ofInn sbruck .

James n endrickson

professor of chemistry,received a grantfrom the Eas tman KodakCo . for a project ti tledSYNGEN/SYNOUT .

SYNGEN/SYNOUT is apair of programs designedto show chemists the bestway to synthesize anyorganic compound .

James T. Kloppenbergassociate professor ofhi story

,was awarded the

Merle Curt i Award inIntellectual History for hisbook, Uncertain Vic tory :Social Democracy andProgressivism in EuropeanThough t, 1 8 70—1 920 .

Margie Lachman

associate professor ofpsychology, received a

gran t from the

Nat ional Ins titute onAgingto direc t a pro jec tti tled ”

The Course ofPersonal Control in LaterLife .

”

Richard Lansingassociate professor ofItalian and comparativeli terature, was electedsecretary-treasurer Of theDan te Society of Americaand appoin ted an assoc iateedi tor of the society’sannual publication,

Dan teS tudies . His art icle,Ariosto

’

s Orlando Furiosoand the Homeric Model,appeared in ComparativeLiterature S tudies .

Kevin S . Larsenass istan t professor ofSpanish and comparativeli terature, presented twopapers

,

”San Manuel,

Guzman de Alfarache, andOther ’Picaresque Saints ’and

”The Literary

Background of DoloresIbarruri ’s El unico caminoandMe faltaba Espana”

at

the Kentucky ForeignLanguage Conference . His

art ic le, ”Virgi l ian

Resonances in La madre

na turaleza,

” was

published in Hispania .

Nom an IE . Levineassociate professor ofphysical education,

lectured at New York S tateCoach ’s Clin ic on "TheUse of Longer Intervals inTrainingfor Cross Coun tryand Track, and was

named referee of NCAADivision II] NationalChampionships atChicago .

John L isman

professor of biology ,

wrote an art icle,

”Cyc licGMP Is Involved in the

Exci tation of InvertebratePhotoreceptors, ” whichappeared in Naturemagazine . He also receiveda gran t fromthe National ScienceFoundat ion for a projectti tled ”

Light-Ac tivatedChannels in LirnulusPhotoreceptors . ”

Robert -1L . MarshallLouis, Frances and JeffreySachar Professor ofMus ic,presented papers at twoNew England conferences :Don G iovanni in theMovies,” as part Of thebicentennial celebrat ion of

the first performance of

Mozart ’s Don Giovanniheld at Bates Col lege,Lewiston,

ME,and

Sonori ty and S tructure inBee thoven 's M iddle-PeriodPiano Sonatas, ” as part ofthe symposium on

Ludwigvan Beethoven :The P iano Music of theMiddle Period, sponsoredby the Westfield Center forEarly Keyboard S tudies,Westfi eld, MA . He was

selected for honorarymembership in the

Riemenschneider BachInstitute ofBaldwin-Wallace College,Berea, OH, to recogni ze hismany contributions toBaroque mus ic .

professor of psycho logy,was chosen to serve as adis tinguished peer” on the

New York S tate RegentsDoctoral EvaluationProject . She received a

gran t from the

Nat ional Insti tute ofMental Heal th for a pro jecton

”Psychosocial Effects ofVariations in FacialMaturi ty.

”

professor of biochemistry,received agrant from the MuscularDystrophy Associationfor a pro ject onSpecific Inhibi tor ofCalc ium -ActivatedPotassium Channe ls ofSkeletal Muscle .

"

M ichae l Newman

ass istant professor ofbiochemistry

,won a Junior

Facul ty Research Awardof from the

Ammi can Cancer Soc ie tyto continue his teachingand research .Al fred Nisonoffprofessor of biology andRosens tiel Basic MedicalSciences Research Center

,

received a gran tfrom the Department ofHealth and Human

Services to direc t a pro jecton

”Idiotypic Analysis of

the Ant ibody Repertoire .

James Olesenassoc iate professor ofmus ic, acted as guestconductor at the 1 987New Hampshire AllS tate Mus ic Fes tival andthe Emmanue l ChurchBach Cantata Series . Hewas guest adjudicatorat the New EnglandConservatory PianoD ivision and at the New

England ConservatoryYouth Symphony ConcertoCompeti tion.

Successful Deve lopment :What Are the Lessons ? ”at the Nat ional Bureau of

Economic Research ’sannual macroeconomicsconference in Cambridge,

Mary Ruth Rayart ist-in-res idence in musicand v iolist of the LydianS tringQuartet, was heardas a featured guest of theSylvan Woodwind Quin tetin Wei l l Hall ( formerlyCarnegie Reci tal Hal l ) .Alongwith her quartetwork

, she was on the

faculty of the Apple HillCenter for Chamber Mus icgivingmasterclasses inchamber music and theviola.

assoc iate professor ofeconomics, presentedseveral papers : ”

LookingBeyond CurrentIrnbalances : WorldCapital and Trade Flowsin the Intermediate Termat the First U.S .

-] apanSymposium sponsored bythe Mini s try ofInternat ional Trade andIndustry in Japan; ”

Korea,Japan and U.S .

-KoreanEconomic Relations” at

a conference sponsoredby the SmithsonianInstitution and the

Congress ional ResearchService in Washington,

DC ; and”The

Macroeconomics of

Ichuda Reinharzdirector of the TauberInst itute for the S tudy ofEuropean Iewry andRichard Koret ProfessorofModern Iewish His tory,del ivered the followingpapers : ”

The HistoricalOrigins of the S tate ofIsrael"at the M iddleEast S tudies Association,

Zionists and IewishLiberals inGerman-SpeakingLands"at an internationalconference organized bythe In sti tute ofContemporary Iewry inIerusalem on

”Zionismand Its Opponents” ; andLiberal and Zioni st Leadersin Europe before WorldWar II

”at the Harvard

College Librarysymposium,

”

IewishLeadership in ModernTimes . ” He was appo intedassociate edi tor for thesecond, revised edit ion of

the Encyclop edia ofZionism and Israel,respons ible for the sectionon German Zioni sm. He

edi ted Livingwi thAn tisemi tism : ModernJewish Responses, a

vo lume in the TauberInst itute series publishedby the Universi ty Press ofNew England . He is amember of the edi torialboard of the Encyclopediaof the Holocaus t, whichwi l l be publishedsimultaneously byMacmillan and Sifriat

Poalirn .

associate professor ofsociology, received aSachar Facul tyInternational ResearchGran t to s tudy agingonthe ki bbutz whi le on her1987-88 sabbatical, duringwhich she wil l also serveas a research scholar at theBrookdale Insti tute ofGerontology at HebrewUniversi ty

,Jerusalem .

Her art icle, ”The

Embeddedness ofAge :Toward a Social ControlPerspective

,

” waspublished in the Journal ofAgingS tudies .

Nicholas Rodisprofessor of physicaleducation,

was inductedinto the order of AHE PAHe llenic Athletic Hal l ofFame in New Orleans .This award ofmeri t is inrecogni tion of outs tandingathletic achievement .

Michael Rosbashprofessor of biology,publi shed an art ic leenti tled ”

EfficientTrans-Splicingof aYeast M i tochondrial RNAGroup II Intron Impl icatesa S trong5 ’

Exon-IntronInteraction in Science

Magazine, and al so an

artic le on ”E lec trophoresis

of Ri bonucleoprote in sReveals an OrderedAssembly Pathway ofYeast SplicingComplexesin Nature .

Myron RosenblumCharles A. BreskinProfessor of Chemistry,received a FulbrightResearch Fel lowship for1 987- 1988 . He plans totravel and lecture and wi llspend time in Jerusalemwri t inga book onOrganoiron Complexes inOrganic Syn thesis . ” Hewas also invi ted to speakat the Gordon ResearchConference onOrganometall ic Chemistryat Salve Regina Co llege .

George W. RossMorri s Hillquit Professorof Labor and Soc ialThough t, presentedlectures at the Consei lNat ional de la RechercheScientifique in Paris,France, at the HarvardUnivers i ty Center forEuropean S tudies, at theNew York Univers ityInstitute for French S tudiesand at the Universi ty ofP i t tsburgh . He was alsoinvi ted to be a scholar inresidence at theRockefel ler FoundationS tudy Center, Vil laSerbelloni , Bellaggio, Italy .

Robert Schleifprofessor of biochemistry

,

published an art ic le inNature ent i tled ”Fee l ingfor the Bumps

,an article

wri tten for the lay-personabout how proteinsrecognize specific DNAsequences .

tephen A. Schuker

professor of history,received a JohnD . and Catherine T.

MacArthur Foundat ionFe llowship through i tsInternational Peace andSecuri ty program to

complete his book, Wa tchon the Rh ine : TheRhineland and the

Security of the Wes t,1 91 4-1 936 .

Gerald Schwarzprofessor ofmathemat ics

,

received a gran tfrom the NationalScience Foundation todirect a pro jec t t i tledMathemat ical Sciences :Invarian t Theory andAlgebraic Groups .”

Nancy Scot tassociate professor of finearts, del ivered a lecture on

the Swiss-Italian1 9 th-century sculptorVincenzo Vela and

”Il

Verismo del Risorgimentoat the Swiss Ins ti tute forArt History in Zurich . The

talk coincided wi th thereopeningof the MuseoVela in Ligometto

,

Swi tzerland,wi th a new

gal lery devoted to thesculptor ’s drawings andclay and plaster sketches

formonumental sculpture .

Her published research onVe la served as the basis forthe museum’s newinstallation .

assistan t professor ofbiology and Rosens tielBasic Medical SciencesResearch Center

,received

a gran t from the

National Insti tute ofAl lergy and InfectiousDisease to direct a projecton

”Immuni ty in

Tran sgenic Mice .

Barry Sn iderprofessor of chemistry

,

wro te an art icle onHA IC I2-CatalyzedReactions to Alkenes withE lec trophilicCyclOpropanes : A New

Cyclopentane AnnelationReaction,

which appearedin the Journal of OrganicChemis try . He alsopublished an art icle onPreparation of UnsaturatedChloro Acids andIntramolecular [2 2 ]Cycloaddi t ions of theChloroketenes Derivedfrom Them”

in the Ioumal

of Organic Chemis try .

Douglas J . S tewartprofessor of class ical andoriental studies, lecturedon

”The War of the

Wardrobes : Euripides ’Bacchae and Aristophanes ’Frogs” in the Ade lphiUnivers i ty D istinguishedHumani ties Series .

Kalpana Whiteassociate professor ofbiology, received agrant from the Departmentof Heal th and Human

Services to direct a pro jec tenti tled ”DrosophilaNeural Development Roleof B iogenic Amines ."

S tephen J. WhitfieldMax R ichter Professor ofAmerican C ivilization

,

published several articles :one on the Shaw Memorialon Boston Common in the

New England Quarterly,Hannah Arendt andApocalypse” in MichiganQuarterly Review;Jewish His tory andthe Torment ofTotali tariani sm in

Judaism ; and”The End of

Jewish H istory” in a

fes tschrift in honor of theIsraeli historian YehoshuaArie li enti tled Religion,

Ideology and Nationalismin Europe and America .

Susan L . Shevitzlec turer in JewishEducation,

presen ted apaper on ”The

Relationship betweenResearch Fin dings andPol icy Decisions” at the

Conference of the JewishEducat ion ResearchNetwork he ld at theUnivers i ty of Judaism at

Hebrew Union College inLos Angeles .

professor of biology,received for the

first year of a five-yeargrant wi th meri t s tatusfrom the Nat ional In sti tuteof Arthri t is andMusculoskeletal and SkinD iseases, Public Heal thService, Nat ional Ins ti tutesof Heal th

,in order to

direct a pro jec t onRegulation in S triated,Smooth and CardiacMuscles . ” He has alsorece ived a Senior U.S .

Sc ientis t Award from the

Humboldt Foundation and

spent seven months at thebiophysics department ofthe Max P lanck Insti tuteofMedical Research inHeidelberg, Germany .

ass istan t professor ofAfrican and Afro-AmericanS tudies

,published

L ingui stic Perspect ives onthe Early Hi story ofSouthern Tanzania” (wi thC . Ehret ) in Tanzan iaNotes and Records andPublic Heal th inPre-Colonial East-CentralAfrica” in Social Scienceand Medicine .

MichaelWormingtonassistant professor ofbiochemistry andRosenstiel Basic MedicalSciences Research Center

,

received a gran tfrom the Departmen t ofHeal th and Human

Services ’ Division of

Research Resources for aproject ent i t led ”Facili tyfor Polypeptide and DNA

Technology.

"

Moira Yipassistant professor ofcogni t ive sc ience, gave aseries of invi ted lectures atthe Ecole des HautesE tudes en SciencesSociales in Paris on the

l inguist ics of Eas t As ianlanguages . She also gaveinvi ted talk at MITent i tled ”

Edge-In,

Association,and Contour

Segments, ” a discussion of

the problems involved inChinese tone phonologyand seman t ic morphology.

A paper on ”Engl ish Vowel

Epenthesis” will appear inNatural Language andLinguis tic Theory, and apaper wri t ten wi th RayJackendoii, professor oflinguistics, and JoanMaling, associate professorof linguistics, enti tledCase in T iers

,will appear

in Language .

Harry Zohnprofessor of German ,

was

nominated by theAmerican TranslatorsAssociation for theNathorst Pri ze

,awarded by

the FederationInternat ionale desTraducteurs . He is theauthor of eigh t artic lesincluded in Blackwell ’

s

Compan ion to JewishCulture .

Albert Axelradchaplain and direc tor ofBrandeis ' B '

nai B ’ri th HillelFoundation

,announced a

grant to Hillelfrom the S H. and He lenScheuer Fami lyFoundat ion for the Uni tyPro ject . The purpose of theUni ty Project is to bridgethe gaps between diverseJewish groups on campusand to involve unaffiliatedJews in discussions ofissues wi thin the Jewishcommuni ty.

Wi l l iam Crownlecturer and seniorresearch associate at theHeller School, received a

gran t from the

AARP Andrus Foundationto direct a pro ject ti tledBeyond Retirement :Characteristics of OlderWorkers and theImplicat ions forEmployment Policy .

Jay Greenberglecturer and seniorresearch associate at the

Hel ler Schoo l,published

hi s art icle on“Long-Te

Care Insurance : HowWillIt Sell ? ” in Business andHealth magazine . He alsoreceived a gran t todirect a pro ject identifyingkey management issues insocial health main tenanceorganizat ions and a

grant for aproject t i tled ”ProgramforHospi tal Ini t iatives inLong

-Term Care,both

given by the Robert WoodFoundat ion .

Andrew Hahnlecturer and researchassociate at the He llerSchoo l

,rece ived agran t from the

EdnaMcConnell C larkFoundat ion to assesswork/education

partnership pro jec ts inthe U S . He is also a

coprincipal in a

gan t from the Departmentof Labor to providetechn ical assistance toAmerican youthemployment programs . He

has also had a bookpublished by the Inst i tutefor Educat ional Leadershiptit led Dropouts inAmerica : Enough isKnown for Action .

Sanford Lottordirector of continuings tudies and codirec tor ofthe Humanities andProfess ions program ,

presented a lecture at theNational Conference of theNational UniversityContinuingEducationAssociation in KansasC i ty . He was alsoappointed to the executivecommi ttee of theAmerican Associat ion of

Universi ty Adminis trators .

Ferre ira was also invi ted,as a leadingfigure in the

graphic des ign field, toserve as a juror for the1 7th Annual PublicationDesign Competi tion inNew York

,sponsored by

the American MuseumAssociation in conjunctionwi th the AmericanFederation of Art s . Shewi l l be joined in thi s honorwi th two other selectedjurors, one from the Art

Insti tute of Chi cago and

the other from the

Whi tney Museum.

Mary Hendersonadjunct lecturer, andS tanley Wal lack

,lecturer

and senior researchassociate

,both at the

He ller School, wrote anart ic le on ”

EvaluatingCaseManagement forCatastrophic Illness

,

which appeared inBusiness and Healthmagaz ine .

Robert Lerman

senior research associate atthe Hel ler School, rece iveda gant from the

Depar tment ofHea l th andHuman Serv ices for apro ject enti tled ”S tudy ofResearch on WelfareDependency .Wal ter Lentzsenior research associate at

the He ller School, receiveda grant from the

Robert Wood Foundat ionfor a project on keymanagement problems ofsocial heal th main tenanceorganizations .

Brenda Mardedirector of publicat ionsand editor of the BrandeisReview, announced thatthe publications office wonfour prestig'

ous awards inthe annual Counc il forAdvancement and Supportof Education (CASE )recogni t ion award program .

The 25th AnniversaryRose Art Museum cata logwon in two categories : ago ld medal in SpecialProgram Publicat ions and abronze in Book Publishing.

Carl Bel z,adjunct

professor of fine art s anddirector

,Rose Art

Museum, and SusanS toops

, curator, Rose ArtMuseum

,were c i ted for

the ir research and wri tingcontribution, and DarleneFerreira

, art director,publications, wasrecognized for excel lencein desigi . The BrandeisReview also won bronzesin two categories : Coversand Nameplate Desigi (forthe covers of the ”

Exileand Immigrat ion,

Childhood” and” Jewish

Dimensions"issues ), andPeriodicalWri tingExce llence . Marder

,David

Murray, assistan t professorof an thropology; andalumn i Nicolas Wey

’

86,Franay Gupte ’

70 and

Patrice Some, MA .

’83,

were recognized for the irwri tingin the lattercategory.

Alumni

Reunion

The firs t graduat ingC lass of 1 952ce lebrated i ts 35 th reun ion— alongwi th the C lasses of 195 7 , 1 962, 1 967,1 972

,1 977 , 1 982 , fr iends and

family— duringBrande is Univers i ty’s36 th Commencement weekend . W i thprogrammed even ts rangingfromdinners

,dances

,pane l d iscuss ions and

recept ions , alumni foun d manyopportun i t ies for conversat ion,

for

sharingold memories or for jus thavingfun .

Commencement ’

8 7 speaker WalterCronkite , former CBS anchorman , regalesalumna Es ther Kartiganer ’

5 9 . senioredi tor for 60 M inutes, and Congressman

and Mrs . S tephen Solarz '

62 (D -NY) at theAlumni Commencemen t Brunch .

Robin Sherman’

83 , president of theBos ton Chap ter of the AlumniAssocia tion , and her father MalcolmSherman , University trus tee . enjoyedeach other ’s company at the Saturdaynigh t Fellows ' Commencemen t Dinner.

On the occasion of their 35 th reunion .

members of the Class of 1 952 surroundChancellor Emeritus Abram L . Sacharand his wife Thelma .

Evelyn Wh ite Tate '

77, one of thecoordinators of the Third WorldReunion— wh ich m1] take place duringHomecomingWeekend, October 1 6 - 1 8— dances With husband Donald at the

Reunion Gala, Saturday nigh t, at Boston ’

s

Museum of Fine Arts .

Trus tee Gus tav Ranis (left) ’

52 gree tsTani Glazer Sackler ’

5 7, foundnpresiden t of the Southern CaliforniaChap ter of the Alumni Association . and

newly elec ted alumni term Trus teeCharlie Napoli '

5 8 at the Reunion Gala .

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Fernando Torres-GilA Busy Sojourn in the Capital

The exce l lent reputat ion of the Hel lerSchool at Brande is and the opportun ityto coordinate the New England grapeboyco t t proved an irres isti blecombinat ion to Fernando Torres-Gil(MSW

’

72, PhD’76 ) in 1 970 he

dec ided to come to Brande is and hasn ’tregre t ted his dec is ion since .

Born in Salinas,Cali fornia

,to a fam i ly

ofmigrant farmworkers, Torres-Gil hadnever ventured East hav ingearnedhis BA . in pol i t ical science at San JoseS tate Un ivers ity

,from which he

graduated wi th honors un t il he came

to graduate school . He wan ted to becertain that his new academic home

would prove an acceptingone; h isinstincts and research proved sound.

The Jewish tradi t ion and cul ture,

” he

says,

”are akin to Mexican culture in so

many ways that I soon found acomfortable niche at Brandeis . ”

Now a s taff direc tor at the Uni ted S tatesHouse Select Committee on Aging,Torres-Gil credi ts Brandeis with hav ingmade a s ignifican t profess ional impacton him. He ful ly expected to par laycoordinat ion of the New England grapeboycott into a leadership pos i t ion wi ththe Uni ted Farm Workers (UFW) in hi snative California. His i dent ificat ionwi th and interest in the Latinopopulat ion of the Uni ted S tates remains,but his experience at Brandeis taugh thim that he could help his people evenmore by assumingan urban ins tead ofrural focus . Indeed

,a rural v iewpoint in

Cal ifornia had been appropriate whi lehe was engaged in UFW ac t iv i t ies

, but

the s teady migrat ion of Latinos to thec i t ies and a broader perspective

,

formulated whi le at the He l ler School,s teered him ins tead in the d irec t ion of

gerontology .

After all,when you cons ider that our

elderly populat ion i s increas ingat arap id rate as we ’baby boomers ’ age,press ing issues for the agingand elderlywi l l increase in magni tude too . I wan tto be in the fore front of the veryimportant changes necess itated by thesetrends ."

Several Brande is professors played majorroles in he lp ingTorres-Gil chart whatwas to become h is presen t profess ionalcourse . He credits Professor Jim Schul tzwith the swi tch to geronto logy.

Professor Robert Binstock now at

Case Western Reserve Univers i ty inC leve land

,Ohio served as chairman

of Torres-G i l ’s dissertat ion on the

pol it ics of aging. And Professor NormKurtz

,assoc iate dean at the He l ler

School , ” taught me the importance ofresearch and the abi li ty to be undeterredby stat ist ics . ” As an immigrat ion reformexp ert, Professor ofAmerican S tudiesLarry Fuchs also exerted a tremendousinfluence on me .

"

Torres-Gilwas appoin ted to his presen tpos i t ion as s taff d irector two years agoby Congressman Edward R . Roybal (DCA ), chairman of the US . House Se lectCommi t tee on Aging. The appoin tmen trequired that the He l ler graduate take aleave of absence from h is pos i t ion as

assoc iate professor ofgerontology andpublic adminis trat ion at the Univers i tyof Southern Cali forn ia (USC ) toadmini s ter the act ivi t ies of the larges tcommi t tee, with 65 members

,in the

Congress . The commi t tee i s chargedwith overseeingprogram s for ol derpersons and leadership on legi s lat ionaffect ingthe e lderly .

When asked what his forecas t for Soc ialSecuri ty i s

,he exp lains, Con trary to

popular bel ief,Soc ial Securi ty i s in very

good shape, at leas t un ti l the year 2020 .

The program i s financ ially solvent andis accruingsurp luses . ” But after 2020,and unl ike today when approximate ly40 to 50 percent of the e lderly surviveprimar i ly on Soc ial Securi ty paymen ts

,

these payments w i l l no longer be theprinc ipal source of income for the

e lderly . This wi l l be compl icated by the

fac t that younger people expect a greatdeal more out of life than what SocialSecuri ty can prov ide .

The key, says Torres-Gil, i s to createother more benefic ial inves tments andprograms to assure a healthy andcomfortable future for the aging. He

goes on to say that at tempts to do so are

the source of h is greates t frus trat ion inworkingwi th the Congress and theexecutive branch .

I have a very real fear that we may not

be respondingquick ly enough to theexigenc ies of today . We have a windowof opportun ity in the 1 980s and 1 9905

to do so,but far too much of our t ime

has been spen t in reins tat ingandreinforcingprograms des igned to benefi tthe e lderly that are cons tan t ly be ingchipped away by the Reaganadmini s trat ion . This kind ofback track ing i s a major impedimen t toinsuringthat the heal th of Soc ialSecuri ty and other programs created toass is t the e lderly remains good beyondthe year 2020 . I cal l it the ’

Vo lcanoTheory of Pol i t ics ’— as the pressures ofdemograph ic change and changes ofl i festyle bui l d

,dictatingthe need for

new approaches,the Reagan

adminis trat ion keeps put t ingconcre te atthe top of the cone . Sooner or later, thewho le th ingwi l l erupt ."

In his work for the agingthe Hel leralumnus cri sscrosses the coun try . Priorto assum inghis facul ty pos i t ion at USC

in 1 980, five years before journeyingtoWashington,

D C,to work wi th

Representat ive Roybal,Torres-Gil

served as spec ial ass is tant to thenSecre tary of Heal th and Human Serv icesPatric ia Harri s . In that capac i ty he wasrespons ib le for overseeingagingandhuman deve lopmen t services , and he

The single, most press ing i ssue facingthe elderly duringTorres-G i l ’s tenure on

Capi to l Hi l l has been heal th care and i tsmyriad ram ifications . As commi t teestaff direc tor

,Torres-Gil bemoans the

fac t that Congress has yet to embrace a

comprehens ive health care p lan,but he

is heartened by what he expects to bethe imm inen t passage of a catas trophiccoverage bi l l that inc ludes a prescript iondrug provi s ion . He notes that h ischairman

,Congressman Edward Roybal

(D-CA ), and h is col leagues have had toadopt an incremental approach to assurepassage of this b i l l

,c i t ingthe large

federal defic i t as a major s tumblingblock to success . The 1 988 pres iden t ialelect ion

,i t is hoped

,wi l l serve as an

impe tus to passage .

For Torres-Gil and many of hisco l leagues, i t ’s a ques t ion of fai th .

Today ’s e lderly are a po l i t ical lyinfluen tial group who routine ly exercisethe ir righ t to vote and whoseorgan i zat ions are very effect ive at

lobbying. Represen tat ive C laude Pepper(D-FL ) jo ins Represen tat ive EdwardRoybal and o thers in beingan effect iveand s taunch spokesman for the e lderlyon Capi tol Hi l l . The power w ie lded bytoday’s e lderly wi l l only increase fortomorrow’s e lderly.

”The baby boomers

wi l l acquire even more pol i t icalefficacy

,part ly because they have had

such a longh is tory of ac t iv ism . Theirclout cannot be ignored . And they wi l lnot leave the ir children and

grandchi ldren out on a l imb,

”Torres

Gil contends .

played an ins trumental role in p lanningthe 198 1 Whi te House Conference on

Aging. He was also aWhi te HouseFe l low in 1978, and a spec ial ass is tantto Joseph Califano, then Secre tary ofHealth

,Educat ion andWelfare .

The author of numerous publ icat ions,inc ludingThe Politics ofAgingAmongElder Hispanics , publ ished in 1 982,Torres-Gil i s wide ly recogn ized as ascholar in the fiel ds ofgeronto logy andpublic po l icy. In 1 985 , he was e lected afe l low of the Geronto logical Soc iety ofAmerica . He is a nat ional spokespersonon Hispanic po l i t ics and has served as apo l icy adv isor to Congressmen Es tebanTorres and Mat thew G . Mart inez .

At the nat ional level, he has been a

member of the board of direc tors of theNat ional Counc i l of La Raza and apres ident ial appointee to the FederalCounci l on Aging. Torres-Gil iscurrent ly a member of the board ofdirectors of the V i l lers Foundat ion and

the Counc i l on Foundat ions . At thelocal leve l

,he has served as a member

of the C i tizens Adv isory Comm i ssion to

the 1 984 Los Angeles O lympicO rganizingComm i t tee . He also servedon the Cal i fornia S tate Legis lature ’sSubcommi t tee on Long-Term Care ofthe Joint Senate-Assembly Commi t teeon Medi-Cal Overs igh t .

He plan s to return to USC to resume

his teachingrespons i bi l i t ies and ful lyexpec ts to cont inue h is Capi tol Hi l lassoc iat ion in a consul t ingcapac i ty; hecredi ts USC wi th havingthe fores igh tand good grace to encourage a dualfocus .

He adds that he and h is wi fe ElviraCas t i l lo, whom he met at Brande i s (shecomple ted her undergraduate educat ionat Pomona Col lege ), wi l l become atyp ical ”bicoas tal couple” wi th TorresGil in Cal i forn ia and Cas t i l lo remainingfor a t ime in Washington,

D C ,where

she is the '

executive direc tor of theCongressional Hispanic Caucus .

Though he has en joyed his busyso journ in the capi to l

,Torres-Gil

re l ishes a re turn to an area of thecountry that has been such an accuratebarome ter of future trends and concerns .Californ ia is a prime example of a

mul tigenerat ional, mul t icul tural s tate,and the prospec t of tacklingtheconsequen t i ssues is an in triguingone .

Who knows what the future ho lds :whi le academ ia is a favori te haunt ofmine

,p layinga leadership ro le in c ivic

affairs is cons tant l y tuggingat me .

”

by El len Keir

Class Notes

’

54

Harriet R. Swankin was named a diplomatein clinical social work and was appointedto the facul ty of the Washington School ofPsychiatry in Washington,

DC .

’

5 7

Harry A. Morrison, professor of chemistry,was appointed head of the Department ofChemistry at Purdue University . Hiscurrent research interests include organicphotochemistry and photobiology . Havingwritten more than 80 scientific papers

,he

currently serves as associate edi tor ofPhotochemis try and Photobiology,published by the American Society forPhotobiology .James Stehlin was the recipient of theOutstandingContribution to FootballAward from the National FootballFoundation Hall of Fame in Apri l 1 987 .

’

58

Arthur Pepine, assistant to Dean L loydRichards and financial aid officer at theYale School of Drama

,was honored for

excellence by the National Endowment forthe Arts and the President ’s Comm ittee onEmployment of the Handicapped in the irrecent c0publication,

Profiles in the Arts .

Pepine devotes a great deal of time and

energy to advancingthe interests of personswi th disabili ties . The emphasis of his workis ”in findingways to make theateraccessible to persons wi th disabilities andin pursuingc ivil righ ts for people withmental and physical handicaps ."’

59

Ira Landess is currently an astrologer inNew York and would be very happy todraw up charts for interested Brandeisalumni . He has two sons, Jeremy, andGregory .’

6 1

Diane G . Davis was elected to a top-level

volunteer posi tion wi th the Uni ted Way of

Massachusetts Bay ’s Board of Directors .Diane

,who was the first woman to open

her own public relations firm in downtownBoston,

serves as a Uni ted Way vicepresident and wi ll chair the Volun taryAction Center Commi ttee . She is also a

member of the Greater Boston Chamber ofCommerce Board of Directors

,the

Executive Board of the Small BusinessCommi ttee and the Adult LiteracyCommittee.

Howard Schuman,a dramatist known for

hi s 1976 award-winningRock Folliestelevision miniseries, wrote Up Line, a

four-part,surrealistic comedy thriller aired

in Great Bri tain .

’

62

Phyllis ZweigChinn is full professor ofmathematics at Humboldt S tate Universityin Arcata, CA. She has employed and

shared new teachingmethods likeclassroom relaxation exercises and visua lintui tion to help make mathematics lessin timidating. Phyllis also is involved inprograms encouragingwomen to pursuecareers in math -related fields .’

63

Roger Bohley reports that his son Josh ’

88

completed his junior year abroad at OxfordUniversi ty

,where he studied 1 9th-century

English literature and advanced Chinese .

Kenneth D. Kemper, who serves on the

Board ofManagers of the New York Chapterof the American Academy ofMatrimonialLawyers, became a charter member of theAmerican Chapter of the InternationalAcademy ofMatrimonial Lawyers (IAML ) .Donald A. Newman is currently a partner inthe law firm The len

,Marrin

,Johnson and

Bridges of Los Angeles, specializinginemployment and labor law and generallitigation.

Se lwyn K. Troeu was appo inted director ofthe Ben-Gurion Research Institute andArchives in Sede Boger. The Institute is ablend between a presidential library and acenter for advanced studies devoted tomodern Jewish history and the history of thestate of Israel .

’

64

Jo Anne Yarus Randall, moved her familyfrom Lexington,

KY,to Cleveland, OH,

where she will practice clin ical psychology.Her second novel, Fields of Force , is readyfor publication .

’

65

Melissa Nelken left law practice in 1984 toteach full time at Hastings Law Schoo l . Shehas been western regional director for theNational Institute for Trial Advocacy since1 983 and is now a first~year candidate at theSan Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute .

Melissa l ives in Berkeley, CA,wi th her

husband and three daughters, ages nine, 1 2and 1 6 .

’

66

Victoria Hilkevitch Bedford is a visi tingassistant professor in the psychologydepartment at Indiana University . She willbe presentinga paper and part icipatingin a

symposium at the American PsychologicalAssociation Convention concerningsiblingrelationships in adulthood .Mike Leiderman wrote, produced anddirected CelebratingDavid Ben-Gurion , a

tribute to Israel ’s first prime minister for theDavid Ben-Gurion Centennial Commi ttee .

The video was narrated by Marvin Kalb ofNBC News and was featured at the AnnualGeneral Assembly of the Counc il of JewishFederations . M ike also produced an annualtelethon for the Jewish Federation of

Metropolitan Chicago and part icipated in a

Brandeis symposium,

”Sports and Ethics . ”

Judith Schub is an art dealer in Paris,specializingin 1 8th and 19th-centurypaintings, drawings and sculpture . She has a

son Alex, age 10 .

Ira S te inberghas completed his 2 1 st yearteachingEnglish at Wal tham High School .His 1 8-year-old daughter Nancy is startingBrandeis this fal l .’

68

Diane Levin Gall and her husbandLawrence announced the birth of the irdaughter Amy on April 1 1 , 1 986 . Amy joinsher sister Sarah ,

age four-and-a-half .

SamuelHeilman is author ofA Walker inJerusalem (Summit/Simon 81 Schuster,

which was chosen for a nationalJewish book award . He also was granted aFulbright Fellowship to lecture in Australia.

S tephen P . Herman recently joined thePayne Whi tney Clinic of the New YorkHospital-ComellMedical Center as anacademic child psychiatrist . He is alsoworkingon a book for parents, tentative lytitled SurvivingYour Cus tody Battle : AGuide for Divorcing Parents . Stephenfrequently appears on New York televisionstationWPIX

,discussingvarious topics

relatingto children’s emotional health .

’

69

Sharon Barnartt and her husband WayneS tinson reported the arrival of their secondchild, daughter Sara E lizabeth .

Mary Kelley Baron is professor of Englishand head of the department at University ofAlaska, Fairbanks .Marc Zauderer and Joan L . Atlas happilyannounce the birth of their first child

,

Rachel Ellen Zauderer, on March 27, 1987 .

Marc has a private dental practice inChelmsford

,MA

,and Joan is an attorney

with the Boston law firm ofMartin,

Magnuson,McCarthy and Kenney . Founding

members of the new synagogue Shir Tikvahin Winchester

,where Marc is chairman of

the Ritual Practices Committee, they maketheir home in Arlington,

MA.

’

70

Jay Bergman, associate professor of historyat Albright College, married Julie Barsel onFebruary 7, 1 987 .

Barbara El lison Rosenblit and her husbandIshayaku announce the birth of JonathanEllison on March 20

,1 987 . Jonathan joins

brother Dann y,seven and sister Rachel, six .

43

’

7 1

Alison E . Branigan received herMD fromthe Medical College of Pennsylvania inspring 1 987 .

Dr. Jeffrey R . Weiner and Dr. Ivy FisherWeiner ’

72 proudly announce the birth oftheir third child Abby Lauren at 7lb. 7 oz.

Abby joins brother Se th, age 2, and sisterEmily

, age 5 . Ivy is in her seventh year ofpediatric practice,and Jeff is a psychoanalyst

in group practice in San Mateo, CA.

’

72

Bruce Havumaki and Erica Fox ’76 are

proud to announce the birth of their secondchild Joshua Samuel on August 27, 1 986,joiningbigbrother Benjamin,

age two . Bruceis a consultant at Commonwealth EnergySystems, and Erica is a managementconsultant at Digital EquipmentCorporation.

Marc ia Meizel and her husband RobertBinder announce the birth of their daughterMeryl Cecilia on January 1 5 , 1987 . Anothernew addition came two weeks earlier whenBob, a veterinarian,

purchased the SaugusAnimal Hospital in Saugus, MA . Marcia hasre turned to the Hebrew RehabilitationCenter for the Aged, where she is director ofthe Expressive Therapy Department .’

73

V icki Baral and Gerry B ari ton's recentcredits include the production design for

The Late Show S tarringJoan Rivers , the set

design for Raggedy Ann on Broadway andthe set and lightingdesign for the BenVereen Show.

Linda K . Pine is vice president for human

resources and corporate re lations atCollaborative Research Inc . She is also a

member of the Jewish Vocational Service(IVS ) ProgrammingCommittee .

Laura B . Resnikoff was elected senior vicepresident

,chief financial officer and

treasurer of Scovill, Inc .,a diversified

industri al corporation with headquarters inS tamford

, CT.

74

Sandra Gail Boodman married ThomasEdward Gallahue on March 28 , 1 987, inWashington,

DC . Sandra is a staff wri ter forthe Washington Pos t, and Thomas is alawyer in private prac tice .

Jane Goldman and her husband MarkOstrowsky were pleased to announce the

birth of their second child Sharon Elaine on

July 1 5,1 986 . Sharon joins her brother

David,age three .

Sharon Greenfelt is marketingdirector forArtistic S tudios, Inc .

,a company that

specializes in set design for the motionpicture and television industry, in FortLauderdale

,FL .

Ade le J . Haft recently married JordanZ inovich

,a Canadian writer and historian .

Her own book, The Key to The Name ofthe Rose was published in spring 1987 byAmpersand Associates . The book was

coauthored by Jane and Robert White,colleagues ofAdele ’s at Hunter College,City Universi ty of New York . The bookprovides the reader with a guide forunravelingthe clues to the bizarre deaths inUmberto Eco ’s medieval abbey .Daniel S . Klein has been appointed principalmarketingspecial ist of Direct ChannelsGroup at Digital Equipment Corporation inMarlboro

,MA . He is involved in developing

and maintainingcooperative marke tingarrangements in the healthcare industry andstate and local government .Andrew P. Kupfer, assoc iate editor forFortune Magazine , is engaged to be marriedto Kathryn Sanders this fall .Jonathan L. Mechanic , 3 Specialist in realestate law

,joined the New York City office

of Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver 81 Jacobson .

Josh Peckler fulfi lled a l ife-longambition bypurchasinga small interest in a Californiapistachio ranch

,thereby protectinghis

personal supply for the rest of his life . He

recently celebrated the sixth anniversary ofhis local CPA fi rm . Josh lives in SanFranc isco wi th his wife Suzanne Troxe l andfive cockatiels .Susan GoldbergS ignore , vice president ofHe ller Financial, Inc .

,earned her place in

the He ller lntemational’

s Chairman’

s Clubfor achievingan impressive 958 percent ofher quota.

G lenn Wong is associate professor of sportslaw and labor relations at the University ofMassachusetts . Several months ago,

he was

the arbitrator in the salary negotiationsbetween the Boston Red Sox and PitcherDennis ”Oil Can” Boyd

,in which G lenn

decided in favor of the Red Sox. He also isthe coauthor of a recently published 1300page, two-volume book, Law and Business

of the Sports Industries .

’

75

Barbara Alpert was promoted to senioredi tor of adult fiction and nonfi ction forBan tam Books in December 1 986 .

Alison Brager Bass is teachinga sciencefeature writingcourse forgraduate studentsin the School of Journalism at BostonUniversi ty . This is in addition to her fulltime job as senior editor of TechnologyReview, a national magazine of science andtechnology policy published at MIT .

David H. Baum has become a partner in thelaw firm of Sherman,

Feld,S tauber 81 Baum .

Phyllis Brenner Coburn and David Coburn’73 are happy to announce the birth of BrianMichae l on June 1 4, 1985 . Brian joins hisbrother Avi Lawrence, age five.

Phyllis Glazer has been teachingandwri tingabout food whi le livingin Israel forthe past nine years . Her latest venture,Phyllis’ Ki tchen

,is a school for vegetarian

cooking. She has written two books, Foodsof the Bible andA Vegetarian Feast, thelatter the first bestse llingvegetariancookbook in Israel .Barbara Goldner established BarbaraGoldner Public Relations in New York Cityin September 1 986 . The firm special izes inpublicity and public relations for the visualart s .

S tephen Linde and his wife Carol proudlyannounced the birth of their daughter L isaNicole on March 1 8

,1 987 . L isa is welcomed

by her brother Brian,age four.

Paul E . L inet and his wife Susan announcedthe arrival of their daughter Ariel Marissa .

Ariel was born between the 6th and 7th

games of the World Series on October 26,1 986 .

Ruth Horwi tz Mindick and her husbandBurton were pleased to announce the birthofAdina E llen on May 9, 1 986 . Adina iswelcomed by her brother Joey Joffe

,age

seven,and her sister Susan,

age three .

Mindy Li ttman Parker is director ofmarketingcommunications forWaterlooMicrosysterns in Atlanta, GA .

Phran Rosenbaum and Robert G insbergarehappy to announce the birth of theirdaughter Bailey Laurel G insbergonNovember 24, 1 986 . Jonathan Zachary andKori Julia, ages four and two, are gearingupfor full-scale siblingrivalry"’

76

Donna Arzt spent Passover 1 987 inMoscow,

Kiev and Leningrad on her thirdvisit to Soviet Jewish refuseniks . In 1 986she worked in Jerusalem for the

Association for Civil Rights in Israel, alegal organization simi lar to the ACLU . In

1 987-1988 she will be studyingfor an LLMin human rights at Columbia UniversityLaw School .Ellen FeinbergBlitz and her husband S teveare de lighted to announce the birth of theirson Jared Asher on March 5

,1 987 . Jared

joins his bigbrother Zachary David, agealmost three . Ellen is thrilled about herelection to the National Board of theAlumni Association and wishes to thankall those who voted for her.

Michael B riks and his wife Beth proudlyannounce the birth of their son BenjaminMatthew on February 1 , 1987 . M ichael willbe joiningInfectious D isease Associates ofKansas City in July 1 987 .

Douglas I . Katz and wife Kim announce the

birth of daughter Rachel Cara on August 4,1 986 . Douglas is a neurologist at BraintreeHospital and Boston University . Kim isdirector of educational research at WGBHChannel 2 .

M iriam Reinharth has moved to Paris withher husband Steven Greenhouse, a reporterfor The New York Times . In June 1986 sheleft her position as marketingdirector ofChicago ’s Goodman Theatre to have a

baby, Emily Shira Greenhouse .

Amy Rood married Jack Matza on June 1 5 ,1 986 . Amy is pursuinga career in familyand matrimonial law, and Jack is a partnerin the New York law firm of RossMatza.

Jill and Jeff Weissmann joyfully announcethe birth of the ir son M ichae l Noah on

March 3, 1 987, joininghis brother AdamDavid, age four.’

77

Aline Herman Brandt and her husbandHarris are de lighted to announce the birth oftheir second daughter Rebecca on April 2 1 ,1987 . Aline works as a psychologist inprivate practice, and Harris recently openedhis own advert isingagency inWoodmere,

”After spendings ix years in hi~tech on Route128 and not enough time roamingaroundEurope

,Sara Grollman moved to the San

Francisco Bay Area. She received herMBAin May from the University of California atBerkeley with an emphasis in marketingandin ternational business . She then moved toDallas to work for American Airlines as amarket analyst in the MarketingPlanningDepartment .Lisa Marsh Grunes and her husbandKenneth announce the birth of daughterJenna in March 1 987 . She joins her threebrothers : Adam,

Jason and Brandon .

Michae l Kaufman is keepingbusy in New

York Ci ty as president and founder ofPrecise Printed Products Co . Inc . In just twoyears he has opened offices in Norwalk, CT,

and Atlanta, CA . In July 1 986 he was

married to Sandi Goldbergof Savannah, GA .

Lori Lefkovitz is assistan t professor ofEnglish at Kenyon College . She is author ofthe book

,The Charac ter of Beauty in the

Victorian Novel.

Edwin Maltzman and his wife Rache llecelebrated the birth of their son JoshuaDavid on October 1 4, 1 986 . Edwin is a staffauditor at Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield inNew York City .Linda“Liba” Casson Nudell and herhusband Rabbi George Nudell joyfullyannounce the birth of the ir second son YoavAdam on August 1 8, 1 986 . Four-year' oldElazar Yosef welcomed his brother to thefamily about the same t ime Linda had anart icle published in Organic Chemistry.L inda has retired from a postdoctoralfellowship in chemistry at RutgersUniversity, occupyingher time withmotherhood and tutoringin Hebrew and

chemistry .Deborah Zecher and her husband DennisRoss welcomed Joshua Zecher Ross inNovember 1 985 . S teven Zecher '80 and his

wife Susan E lster welcomed Chana FayElster Zecher in July 1 985 . Elaine Zecher

'

83 is enjoyingher role as aun t .’

78

Greg D. Bedolwas named vicepresident/marketingat Cleveland-basedMarsh Allen Industries

,Inc .

,the world ’s

largest producer of promotional merchandiseincludingbarbecue grills and snack tables .Prior to his appointment, Greggserved forfour years as senior consul tant specializingin retail for Arthur Andersen 81 Company inNew York City .Cindy L. Bell-Deane and her husband Davidwere delighted to announce the birth ofthe ir daughter Maressa Lynn on December25 , 1 986 . She is welcomed by her sisterKendra Sue, age two.

Susan Friedman Berman and her husbandBarry welcomed their new daughter LauraRachel on February 8, 1 987 .

Kenneth Horn is currently the vicepresident of L .M .S . Equities, Inc .

,a real

estate development and business concern inNew York City . Kenneth and his wifeMarjorie have a son Alexander Jacob, bornAugust 19 , 1 986 .

44

Kristen Liberman has received a master’sdegree from the S immons College GraduateSchool of L ibrary and Information Scienceand has been named acquisi tions librarianfor the S immons College L ibraries .Andrew Nathan has left private legalpractice wi th Schul te, Roth and Zabel andhas joined Tishman Speyer Properties, anational real estate developer, as legalcounsel .Ellen Bob and David Waksberg ’

7 9 are

pleased to announce the birth of theirdaughter Rebekah Hana Bob-WaksbergonFebruary 7, 1987 . Rebekah joins her brotherRaphael Matthew, age three . Ellen ispresident of Bob and Bob

,a Jewish book and

gif t store in Palo Alto, CA . David isexecutive director of the Bay Area Counc ilfor Soviet Jews in San Francisco and vicepresident of the Union of Council for SovietJews .

Diane Botwick Greenlee and AllenGreenlee announce the arrival of Emi lyMegan on December 1

,1986 . She joins two

year-old sister Ariel . The family lives inArlington,

VA .

Beth Ann Herman's first novel

,Power City ,

is beingpublished by Ban tam Books and isslated to air as a miniseries duringthe 1 98889 te levision season . A fictional ized

,behind

the-scenes look at Hollywood ’s publicrelations industry

,Power City is based on

Beth ’s five years as an account executive inHollywood . She represented individuals suchas Ann -Margaret, L ionel Richie, novelistHarold Robbins

,former network chief Fred

Silverman and the ill-fated Thicke of theNigh t television series .Frederic Rudy” Hirsch was named vicepresident in charge of the home videodepartment for both the MPAA and the

Motion Picture Export Association of

America. The department he now headshandles trade, regulatory, tax and censorshipissues that involve home video materials onthe global market . He was promoted fromhis position as tax counse l for the MPAA .

Sandy Spitzer Kanter and her husbandMichael joyfully announce the birth of theirdaughter Melanie Robin on December 10,1986

,in Los Angeles . Sandy has become thepresident of Presidential Securi ties, Inc .

, a

brokerage firm dealingin limitedpartnerships .Sharon Kay Me lnick is actingassistan tdirector of education at the UCLA/San

Fernando Valley Psychiatry TrainingProgram . Previously chief resident for thUCLA/Sepulveda VA Psychiatry Program,

Sharon began her own private practice inJuly 1 986 .

Susan Mi ller is a park ranger with BostonNational Historical Park .

45

Mark S . M ishler received an award from the

Albany NAACP for ”Distinguished Services

in Legal Redress in New York . His awardreflected his work fightingapartheid andpolice misconduct .Eileen Schnal l Winter and Ken Winter '77are proud to announce the birth of theirdaugh ter Debra Sippora on February 3, 1987 .

Ken is a health care financial consultantwith Peat Marwick Main and Co . in

Philadelphia. Eileen is on matern ity leavefrom her job as a senior social worker andfacul ty member in the department of familymedicine at Thomas Jefferson UniversityHospital . Eileen is also co-chair of theGreater Philade lphia Chapter of the AlumniAdmissions Council alongwith Dr. MarkB lecher ’

78 .

”Debra should be ready for the

Brandeis class of 2009 if Mom and Dad can

save the dough .

Rachel Spevack dan ced with the group LONa

’

atzor in the Israel Folk Dance Festival atTown Hall in New York City in March1 987 .

Robert Weiss, after receivinghis MS incomputer science fromWorcesterPolytechnic Insti tute in 1 986

,is workingas

a consultant/programmer for S t . Luke ’sHospital in the Nuclear Medic inedepartment . His wife Susan is expectingtheir first chi ld in September 1 987 .

’

79

Naomi BrombergBar-Yam and herhusbandYaneer announce the birth of their sonYavni on March 1 9, 1 987 .

John D . Berke is an attorney in privatepractice in Marblehead, MA . He has movedfrom New York Ci ty

,where he met his wife

Jean Antaki and received his JD fromFordham Law School . He and Jean now livein Cambridge, MA .

Brian R. Cantor is chief administrativeofficer of the Magnin Co .

,Inc .

,a Beverly

Hills-based specialty retailer that operatestwo stores on Rodeo Drive. He is involvedin buildingthe new Ralph Lauren/Polo Shopin Beverly Hills— the second largest suchshop in the world .Cary Muschel David and Edward Davidproudly announ ce the birth ofTara Lindsay’

09 on Apri l 24, 1 987, who joins bigbrotherMatthew Jordan ’

06 .

Linda Alpert Feinstein was promoted tosecond vice president in the law departmentof Smi th Barn ey, Harris Upharn 81 Co .

,In c .

Arlen Gelbard and Jane Rishin Ge lbardjoyfully announce the birth of their sonAndrew Carl on March 10 , 1 98 7 . Jane andBetsy Bober Pol ivy own Once Upon a Time,

the only children 's bookstore in WestchesterCounty . Arlen is an attorney withHofheimer, Gartlir, Gottlieb 81 Cross inManhattan.

Lori L . Gross will be relocatingfromArizona to Boston to continue with hersurgical residency at Massachusetts GeneralHospital .

Christopher Johnson codirected andcoproduced his first fi lm, entitled Home, a

defini tive documentary about the plight ofsquatters in Brooklyn . The fi lm won a goldplaque award at the Chicago Film Festivaland was shown on WNET’

s”Metroline

”

series . Christopher is director ofmediaservices forNew York Ci ty Parks andRecreation, assigned to document everythingin the parks .Michae l J . L ichtenstein and his wife Jodeecelebrated the birth of their daughter AlleeJaye on August 1 5 , 1 986 . Michael is in hissecond year at Washington College of Law,

Ammican University . Jodee is assistan t vicepresident wi th Madison National Bank .

Stephen Rubin and Ken Rosenste in are

coordinators of the new Brandeis AlumniIsrael Chapter. They reported the success oftheir first event on February 10, 1 987, wheremore than 40 alumn i from the classes of1 956 to 1 986 attended .L isa Schneider recently married Michael J .Lenkiewicz . L isa is editor of theWashington Jewish Week, andM ichael isan accoun tant wi th the Federal NationalMortgage Association in Washington, DC.

The couple resides in S ilver Spring, MD .

Hanna Sherman and Daniel Sheff '

80 are

thrilled to announce the birth of RebeccaFae Sherman Sheff on January 24, 1 987 .

They returned to Lexington,MA

,in June so

that Hanna could join a group practice inpediatrics and Dan iel could begin a

fellowship in rheumatology at Brigham and

Women's Hospital .

Cynthia Zabin was recently awarded amaster of science degree in public affairsfrom the John W. McCormack Insti tute ofPublic Affairs at the University ofMassachusetts at Boston . Cyn thia is marriedto David Wean .

’

80

Andrew S . Berman andMarla Kreiman

Berman are proud to announce the birth oftheir son Corey Daniel on December 2 1 ,1 986 .

Wayne Fields is adjunct professor of finearts at County College ofMorris . He is alsooperatinga combination art studio/print

gallery on Canal S treet on the lower Eastside ofManhattan .

Kim S imon Pink is associate producer ofpublic affairs programmingforWHRO radioand TV

, 3 PBS affiliate in Norfolk, VA. She

recently married Andrew Snyder Fink, anarchitect, on October 25 , 1 986 . The couplelives in Norfolk .

Amy Feldman Finkelstein and LorenFinkelste in were delighted to announce the

birth of their daughter Michaela Samara onOctober 29, 1 986 . Loren is assistant directorof the Mountain S tates office of the An tiDefarnation League and Amy

”has been

promoted to housewife and mother.Lisa Hirsch just received her third-degreebrown belt (sankq in Kodenkan Juj itsu.

She is also in the process of start inga“sidebusiness"in custom software .

Corinne LaPook andWayne Pastemack are

engaged to be married in October 1 987 .

Corinne is pro ject manager for Screen L ink,Inc .

,an artist management/music video

marketingfirm . Wayne is an internationalmoney market broker for Fulton PrebonUSA,

Inc .

Aron Lukacher received his MD and PhD in

immunology fromWashington UniversitySchoo l ofMedicine in May 1 987 and beganhi s residency at Brigham andWomen

’sHospital soon after. He was married toSaundra Schoicket in June 1 986 . Sandyreceived her PhD in psychology fromWashington University in May 1987 .

Sarena Kaminer is pleased to announce the

openingof her own law firm in Manhattan,

specializingin li tigation andgeneralpractice .

Andrea Aronson Morgan is programassociate in charge of national planningandcoordination for the National Foundation forJewish Culture . She supervises the NationalFoundation’s Doctoral Dissertation GrantProgram and coordinates programm ingforthe foundation’s arts and humani tiescoun cils .R ichard S . Rosen is a portfolio managerwith Bear S team s Asset Management and avice president at Bear Steam s and Co. He

and his wife Cheryl Erlich Rosen '

8 1 have a

beautiful daughter Ilana Alison born on July9, 1 986 . Before takingtime off to raise Ilana

,

Cheryl completed amaster’s degree inS tudent personnel adm inistration fromColumbia University and had experienceboth in career counselingand personnelwork .

Abby Rosenb lum and J . Scott Victor weremarried in October 1 985 . Abby received hermaster’s in archi tecture from the Universityof Pennsylvania in 1 983 and is now a

registered archi tect with a New Jerseyarchi tec ture firm . Scott is a partner in the

law fi rm of Lashn er,Vic tor and Maschrneyer

in Phi ladelphia.

Howard and Renee (R ieder) S iegel joyfullyannoun ce the birth of their son Daniel Scott,born on May 10, 1 987 . Howard iscompletinghis residency in internalmedicine at Thomas Jefferson UniversityHospital and will begin a fellowship ingastroenterology at Temple University inJuly 1 988 .

Deborah Weiss Glass and her husbandDaniel are pleased to announce the birth oftheir second chi ld, daughter Maxime Rachel

,

born on April 22, 1 987 .

’

8 1

Heather Ayares marri ed Michael Miller onDecember 6, 1 986 .

SolW. Bernstein has joined the law fi rm of

Sidney Austin in i ts New York City office .

Nancy A. B lum,havingcompleted her

in ternship in cl inical psychology, isconductingresearch and workingfor the

Group . Nancy married RogerLembergin August 1 986 ,

the couple residesin Van Nuys

,CA.

Jane Goldman andMark Ostrowsky are

proud to announce the birth of their secondchild Sharon Elaine on July 1 5 , 1 986, jo iningo lder brother David Charles .Suzann e Duckworth Lanier was married toJohn Lanier in Naples

,FL

,where John is a

veterinarian and Suzanne is an attorneyspecializingin real estate law.

Helene Lefkowitz is attendingColumbiaUniversity as an MFA candidate in theNonfiction WritingDivision of the School ofthe Arts this fall . Whi le there

,she will be a

researcher for the Village Voice film criticAndrew Sarris . She is glad to return to her

home turf . Future plans are to study film at

the Sorbonne and to continue on as a PhD

candidate in film and theater criticism at

Columbia University .Sara L . Mandelbaum graduated fromRutgers Law School wi th honors in May

1 986, receivingawards for achievements incriminal law and women

’s rights . Sara isnow c lerkingfor Judge Sylvia Pressler,Appe llate Division of New Jersey, and shewill join the New York City law firm of

Paul,Weiss

,Rifkind

,Wharton 81 Garrison in

October 1 987 .

Susan Ebbin Mathias and Rob Mathias arepleased to announce the birth of theirsecond son Russell Lewis on June 3, 1 987 .

They have just moved to Boston,where Rob

will begin a pediatric nephrology fellowship .Brian N. McDonald received an MBA fromthe Darden School at the University ofVirginia in Charlottesville on May 1 7, 1 987 .

He has accepted the posi tion of assistant tothe president of Strathmore in Westfield

,

He len Obermayer is workingas a salesrepresentative wi th the Tab Newspapers ofNewton

,MA . She is also active in local

politics and is a member ofHavrat Shalomin Somervi lle

,MA .

Norman L . Pernick and wife Paula recentlyhad a baby girl named Jessica Erin

,who was

born on Apri l 22,1 987 .

Marlene Finn Ruderman and her husbandHams joyfully announce the birth of ArthurMatthew on March 20, 1 987 .

Pamela Sezzin received herMS in computerinformation systems from Bentley College .

She performed a flute solo with the BedfordSymphony in March 1 987, and is one ofonly e ight people accepted for the OrchestraManagement Fellowship Program ,

an

intensive one-year in ternship that willinclude work with three major US .

orchestras .Steven Tawil and his wife Madelynne

recently celebrated the birth of their seconddaughter Margaret Tiffany . Steven is aresident in internal medicine at Montefiore

Hospital of the Albert Einstein College ofMedicine .

’

82

Betsy Borns' book, Comic Lives , a

contemporary history of standup comedy,

will be published by Simon Schuster infall 1 987 . Betsy is a contributingedi tor forIn terview magazine and lives in Manhat tan .

Ellen B . Cohen, a 1 985 graduate from

Emory Law School,is livingin New York

City,where she works for the firm of Semel

,

Boeckmann, Diamond,Schepp Yuhas .

Gabriel Feldman , decided not to go intopsychiatry, “lest the patients turn out morerational than himse lf . ” He is now doinginternal medic ine at Roosevelt Hospital inNew York City, planninghis career inpublic health .

Felicia Lebewohl is engaged to be married toBarry Rosen in fall 1 987 . Felicia is anassociate wi th the New York law firm of

Lambert 81 We iss .Pamela Scheinman graduated from Moun t

Sinai Medical School in New York Ci ty andis a resident in dermatology at S trongMemorial Hospital in Rochester, NY .

Susan Alexanian Jacobson and her husbandSe th joyfully announce the birth of theirdaughter Jessica Ariel on March 1 1 , 1 987Beth G. Kneller completed her secondmaster’s degree this summer in studentpersonnel administration at TeachersCollege, Columbia Universi ty . She wasappoin ted actingdean of special academicprograms at Barnard College, ColumbiaUniversi ty .

Richard Schwartz received his JD,magna

cum laude,from the Boston University

School of Law,where he was an editor of

the Boston University Law Review. In the

fall he will join the Boston law fi rm of

Nutter,McClennen and Fish .

Susan Shoenfeld received her JD fromAmerican University Law School . She isjoiningthe Washington office of Akin

,

Gump,S trauss

,Hawer and Feld .

Alex Sneiders graduated from the

University ofWashington School ofMedicine in June 1987 . He will start aresidency program in uro logy at S t . PaulRamsey and Hennepin County MedicalCenters in St . Paul and Minneapolis .L isa Robinson Taylor and her husbandLionel are proud parents of the ir newdaughter Marnina Rae .

Donna Tucker completed a clerkship withJudge James H . Co leman

, Ir., of the N .J.

Superior Court,Appe llate Division, after

which she became an associate at Mudge,Rose, Guthrie, Alexander and Ferdon inManhattan . She graduated cum laude fromNew York Law School , where she was 3notes and comments editor of the LawReview.

Marla Wald and Oren Cohen are“finally

engaged""Marla will finish medical schoolin 1 988 at the Medical College ofPennsylvania. Oren graduated AOA withthe Merck Award from Duke MedicalSchool and will begin his residency ininternal medicine at the New YorkHospital-ComellMedical Center .Rhonda Z ingmond and Peter Allen weremarried onJune 28, 1 987 . Rhonda ispursuinga PhD in clinical psychology at S t .

John ’s Universi ty . Peter has an MFA fromthe School of Visual Arts . They first met

through the Waltham Group .’

84

L isa Jill Adler is engaged to marry MauryGoldstein in a September wedding. She

currently serves as director of the CentralRegion Uni ted Synagogue Youth inCleveland Heights, Ohio.

Chery l A. Appel begins her studies at theColumbia University Graduate School ofJournalism for the 1 987-88 academic year .

She has been workingas copyeditor/reporter/photography edi tor for TownCrier Publications, a division of

Hart e-Hanks Communications, Inc .

,in

Sudbury, MA . She received awards forcommuni ty service and best features writingby the Massachusetts Press Association .

Robert Balotin is a third-year medicalstudent at New York Medical College inValhalla, NY . This summer at Wal ter ReedHospital in Washington,

he worked rotationin cardiology and radiology .

David Berkowi tz received an MBA fromNew York University in June 1986 and isnow the fixed income analyst at LazardFreres Asset Management in New York .

Bencion Cal ica had his first book, TheMacin tosh Advisor : Essential Techniquesfor the Experienced User, published insummer 1 986 . Becomingsomethingof aMacintosh computer expert, Bencionspecializes in designingand teachingseminars on the use of the Mac intosh . Healso has signed a contract for his secondbook and has started a consultingcompanycalled Tools for the Mind .Allen Erenbaum has graduated fromHarvard Law School and is joiningthe lawfirm of Preston,

Thorgrimson,Ellis St

Holman in Washington,DC .

S teven Goldstein has entered the ColumbiaUniversity Program in Law and Journalism.

Havingcompleted the first-year paper chaseat Columbia Law, Steven is now at the

Columbia School of Journalism,where he

will receive his second master’s degree .

Gloria Goldstine and Bruce Merenstein'

85

are engaged to be marri ed . G loria is teachingat the NewWorld Child Care Center inAmh erst, MA . Bruce isworkingon his MS in labor studies atUMASS-Amherst .Roger Jessie and Cari Pepkin are

”finally

engaged to be married . Cari is a graduate ofSt . John ’s University School of Law. Roger isemployed at Dean Witter Reyno lds and isenrolled in the MBA program at BaruchCo llege . An Oc tober 1 988 weddingisplann ed .Sharon Kle in has relocated to Los Angeles,where she has been made a creativeexecutive in the motion picture division of

Weintraub Entertainment Group .David Klyde is engaged to marry LeslieKrane on November 28, 1987 . David isworkingas a computer consultan t for CapGemini America and is on assignment atNew Jersey Be ll in Newark, NJ. Leslie is atelevision producer for a video productionhouse . David and Leslie will make theirhome in Fort Lee, NJ.Michael Lenert was appoin ted senior edi torof the Law Review at GeorgetownUniversi ty Law School and is servingparttime with a Washington law firm . He was

also captain of the 1 986 championship teamof the Washington MetropolitanRecreational Baseball League .

Arthur Bodek has graduated withdistinction ( top 10 percent ) from HofstraUniversi ty School of Law and received anaward for excellence in corporations lawcourses . At Hofstra, he was notes andcomments edi tor of the InternationalProperty Inves tmen t Journal. BeginningSeptember 1 987, Arthur wi ll be associatedwith the Manhattan law firm of S iegel,Mandel ] and Davidson,

P .C .

,specializingin

the practice of customs and internationaltrade .

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Win ter 1 988 Volume 7 Number 2

Dear Reader '

A col lege campus seems in many ways a containeduniverse . Although it i s part of a larger scheme, i tnonetheless spin s in i t s own orbit

,l ike some solitary

planet . S tudent s,faculty and adm ini s t rators on i t s

part icular landscape l ive their l ives wi th extraordinaryintensi ty

,deeply immersed in thi s special world . From

medieval t ime s t i ll now,the un ivers ity has provided a

un ique setting for the development of the l ife of the

mind .

Where el se,we wonder

,i s there such an unusual sen se

of compres s ion as within thi s l imited compas s of spaceand t ime ? Where el se do event s loom so large, take on

such gravity,arouse such civic and personal pas s ions ?

Yet,the planet has another es sential feature

,a magnetic

core that pul l s to i ts center, from without, the greatcauses

,i s sue s and discoverie s abound ing in i t s

con s tel lation . These mat ter s are syn thes ized, subsumed,woven into the cul ture of the planet . So on Brande i s ’cosmos , the needy ofWal tham become the s tudent s 'concern, the envi ronmental theorie s of Egypt ’s AswanHigh Dam prope l a profe s sor to delve into heretoforedi sregarded source s

,while another facul ty member

trave ls to Aus tria to meet wi th an architect of theSoviet Union ’s econom ic res t ructuring plan, curios ityabout Japan ’s securi t ies exchange spurs a student toa trip to the Far Eas t ; a vi s it from Chaim Herzog

,

Pre s ident of the State of Is rael , i s cause for member sof the Brande i s community to j o in in celebrat ion,a sociologi st analyzes AIDS from a sociologicalperspec tive .

The B randeis Review offe rs readers the latest newsfrom the Universi ty and some of the intere st ingcommentary expres sed by the s tudent s and faculty . If

you think reading the magazine worthwhile,please pass

it on to a friend who might al so en j oy it .

The EditorBrenda Marder

Es sent ial ly, though, i t i s the students who give theUniver s ity i ts é lan . They expre s s thei r hopes

,energy

,

per sonali tie s and fervid interes t in l ife through thei rinvolvement in the hundred or so activit ies on campus .It has been ever so at Brandei s . But Pres ident EvelynHandler

,throughout her tenure

,has given much

at tent ion to the quali ty of s tudent life : one of her fir stinit iatives upon assum ing the presidency was toappoint a dean of s tudent affai rs to report directly toher. Rod Craft s

,whom she main ed to that position early

in her tenure,keeps a dai ly schedule that s tretches

from early morning often into the night . By followinghim wi th the camera’s lens , we present in this i s sue a

perspective of s tudent l ife on the Brandei s campus .

Brandeis Review, Volume 7

Number 2,Winter 1 988

Brandeis Review ( ISSN 0273 -7 1 75 )is published by Brandeis University4 1 5 South StreetWaltham

,Massachusetts 02254 -9 1 10

with free distribution to

alumni,students

,trustees, friends,

parents,faculty and staff .

Postmaster : Send address changes toBrandeis UniversityBrandeis Review

4 1 5 South S treetWaltham

,Massachusetts 02254 -9 1 1 0

Opinions expressed in the Brandeis Review

are those of the authors and not necessarilyof the Editor or Brandeis University.1988 Brandeis UniversityOffice of PublicationsDepartment of Communications andPublic Relations

Winter 1 988

Around the Univers i ty

A Perspect ive of Campus Li fe

A Master of OpennessWi thout D isclosure

Bui ldinga Career inInternat ional Finance

The Social Reaction to AIDS

The Impact of the AswanHigh Dam Reconsidered

Bookshelf

Facul ty Notes

Alumni

Class Notes

Edi torBrenda Marder

Senior DesignerCharles DunhamAssistant EditorAnita FlanzbaumReview PhotographerJulian BrownStaff DesignerSara Barber

Volume 7 Number 2

Jul ian Brown

Brenda Marder

Robert Hunt

Cover Pho to ; Julian Brown

S tudent EditorAdam Roy

’

88

S taff AssistantVeronica Blacquier

Presiden t Chaim Herzogarrives on campus .

Brandeis Greets P resi dent of IsraelA spec ial feel ing of un i ty rang throughLev in Ballroom at the convocat ion forChaim Herzogas the audience in the

packed audi torium joined toge ther tos ingthe Israe l i nat ional an them,

Hatikvah , fol lowed by theS tar-Spangled Banner .

Former Chairman of the Board Henry L .

Fos ter greets Mrs . Herzog. while Presiden tHandler and President Herzoglook on .

In h is acceptan ce of the honoraryDoc tor of Laws degree at a specialconvocat ion in Levin Bal lroom on

November 1 5 , Herzog lauded formerSupreme Court Jus tice Louis D .

Brande i s and the univers i ty that bearshis name

,saying, “No more fi t t ing

name could have been given to an

American un ivers i ty under Jewishauspices than that of Louis DembitzBrandei s .

In presen t ingthe honorary degree,Brandeis Pres ident Eve lyn E . Handlercal led Herzog a man ofgreatdis tinc t ion and courage, a man of vis ionand compass ion

,a man of ac t ion and a

man of quiet reflect ion and in te l lect ."

Herzogarrived on the Brandei s campusby motorcade . It was not difficul t tospo t him as he s tepped out of h isl imous ine in front of theBemstein-Marcus Admin i s trat ionBui ld ingand was immediate ly engu lfedby US . Secret Service agents, Israe lisecuri ty and a large personal s taff .

Nearly 1 000 people, inc ludingmembersof the Board ofTrus tees

,the Israel i

ambassador and Massachuse t tsL ieutenan t Governor Eve lyn Murphy,at tended the convocat ion for Herzog.

Herzog’s Brande is Vi s i t,par t of the firs t

official trip to the Un i ted S tates by anIsrae l i pres ident

, came as Israel and theUn ivers i ty prepare to celebrate their40th ann iversaries .

The special nature of this greatun ivers i ty reflects the syn thes is hereached in his thinking. For he

,who

achieved unique dis tinc t ion as

America ’s great progress ive lawyer andSupreme Court Jus tice, rose,unexpectedly

,to prominence in a world

that he had hardly known,that of

Zionis t pol i t ical and economic ac t ivi ty,he cont inued .

Herzog’s v is i t to Brande is was h is onlyBos ton-area s top and the las t legof asix-day official t rip to the Uni ted S tates .Before comingto Bos ton,

Herzogwas inNew York where he met wi th Mayor EdKoch, members of the Uni ted JewishAppeal and the New York Press C lub .

Duringthe firs t legof h is trip, inWashington,

Herzogmet wi th Pres iden tReagan ,

Vice Pres i den t George Bush andSecre tary of S tate George Schul tz . He

also addressed a jo in t sess ion of

Congress .

At the convocat ion,Herzogspoke of the

enormous impact Israe l has had onJewish thought and soc iety, and on the

en tire worl d . The State of Israe l, he said ,has opened up new fiel ds of Jewishphi losophy and in te l lectual appl icat ion

,

and has posed new cul tural and poli t icalchal lenges and opportun i t ies for aJewish people that now fin ds i tse lf onthe s tage ofworl d cul ture and worldaffairs in away that has not been seens ince B i b l ical t imes .

wi th a crystal globe as a memento of the irvisit to Brandeis .

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Campaign for B randeisTops $83 Mi l l ion

Now at the beginn ingof i ts second year,the $200 mi l l ion Campaign forBrandeis has rece ived a total of

inc luding 1 7 gif ts of over $ 1mi l l ion, i t was announced at theDecember mee t ingof the Board ofTrus tees .

The purpose of the Campaign forBrandeis is to s trengthen the foundat ionof support for the Univers i ty and toprovide the s trongunderp inn ingsnecessary to support research andteachingof the h ighes t qual i ty. Of the$200 mi l l ion goal, $80 mi l l ion wi l l gotoward increas ingthe Univers i ty ’sendowment, $65 m i l l ion i s foroperat ional support and representscurrent

,unres tric ted

,annual giv ingover

the five years of the Campaign $30

mi l l ion is for fac il i t ies, and $25 mi l l ionis for academ ic program deve lopmen t .

Ceremony for HuxleyThe 1 987 Albert Eins te in Worl d Awardof Science was presented to Brandei sbio logy professor Hugh E . Huxley onThanksgiv ingDay at the Un ivers i ty ofHe idel berg

, Germany. Huxley,who

jo ined the Rosens t iel Bas ic MedicalSc iences Cen ter las t summer

,was

chosen for the award from a fie ld of 76candidates from 29 coun tries , accordingto Es teban Meszaros Wi ld

,secretary

general of the World Cul tural Counc i l(WCC ), which bes tows the award .Award recip ien ts are se lec ted by a WCCInterdisci p l inary Comm i t tee, cons is tingof 1 20 internat ional scient is ts

,inc luding

20 Nobel laureates . This year ’s awardrecogni zes Hux ley’s contri butions toscience

,no tably h is c lass ic work in the

fie ld ofmusc le b io logy . Huxley ’s jo intdeve lopment of the so-cal led s l idingfi lamen t theory ofmusc le contrac t ionin the 19505 he lped to revo lut ioni zes tudy in that fie ld .

Founders ’ Day’

87

The second annual Founders ’ Day he ldin October featured US . Senator WarrenRudman (R-NH . ) as gues t speaker andhonorary degree reci pien t . A lsoreceivinghonorary degrees were :Wakako K . Hironaka

,MA .

’

64 ; LeonardW . Levy ; A lbert D . M is le t ; John P .

Roche ; and Edward Wi t ten ’

7 1 . Thisyear ’s program al so inc luded asympos ium t i t led

,

”The Supreme Court

and the Cons t i tut ion : The View fromBrandei s . ” The annual event

,

inaugurated las t year, honors indiv idualswho have helped to bui ld and sus tainBrande i s, and the founders of the Jus t iceBrande i s Soc ie ty or those people whohaved earned special recogn i t ion as

outstandingUn ivers i ty benefac tors .Over 400 people includingalumni

,

Trustees , Fe l lows, Pres iden t ’sCounci lors

,members of the Brande i s

Univers i ty Nat ional Women’s

Comm i t tee , paren ts and friendsat tended .

The second annual Founders ’

Day includeda symposium en titled “The Sup reme Courtand the Constitution : the View fromBrandeis . Panelists were (from left to righ t

Leonard W. Levy, Andrew W. Mellon

Professor ofHumanities and chairman .

Department ofHis tory at The ClaremontGraduate School. John P . Roche, the JohnM. Olin Dis tinguished Professor ofCivilization and Foreign Affairs at the

Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy .Tufts University , and Jeffrey Abramson.

associate professor ofpolitics at Brandeis .

Morton Keller. the Samuel J. and Augus taSp ector Professor of His tory , moderated.

Grossman NamedProfessor of the Year

Allen R . Grossman,the Paul E .

Prosswimmer Professor of Poe try andGeneral Educat ion

,has been named the

1987 Massachuse t ts S tate Professor ofthe Year by the Counci l forAdvancemen t and Support of Educat ion(CASE ) . Grossman was one of 1 9

professors from the Uni ted S tates andCanada chosen Professor of the Year

,

from a fie ld of over 400 en tries . Inaddi t ion

,he p laced second in the

compe t i t ion forNat ional Professor ofthe Year . Grossman began teachingatBrandeis in 1960 af ter receiv ingh isPh .D . from the Un ivers i ty . He is authorof several books, inc ludingPoe ticKnowledge in the Early Yea ts : A S tudyof the Wind Among the Reeds , and has

published s ix books of his own poe try;The Bright Nails Scattered on the

Ground is h is mos t recen t . (see outs ideback cover )

President ial Campaign ’

88

Brande is Univers i ty became a

pres iden t ial campaign s top th is fal l , asboth Democrat ic and Republ icancon tenders tried to woo Brande iss tuden ts into becomingfoo t soldiers inthe ir New Hampshire organi zations .

The format for the Brandeis ForumCampaign ’

88 gave each cand idate theOpportuni ty to make a brief speech

,

fo l lowed by ques t ions from a pane l ofprofess ional journal is ts . The finalsegment was reserved for s tuden ts totest the candidates on issues that mos tconcerned the co l lege audience .

Bo th Democrat ic and Republ icancandidates were inv i ted by Pres identHandler to appear individual l y .

Representat ive R ichard Gephardt (DMol, Senator Al Gore (D-Tenn . ) andSenator Paul S imon (D - Ill. ) faceds tanding-room -onl y crowds in October .Pe te du Pont

,the first Republican

candidate to appear,made his p itch in

November before a crowd of about 200s tudents, fol lowed by Congressman lackKemp (R later in the mon th .

Several other candidates have indicatedthat they plan to make Bran de is a s t0 pon their campaign trai l , as we l l .

Professors were nominated for thecon tes t by their univers i ty and col legeadm in i strators, col leagues and formers tudents . Nominees were judged onthe ir abil i t ies as teachers, serv ice tothe ir inst i tut ions and profess ion

,

achievemen t in teachingandscholarship

,and achievement by former

s tuden ts, accordingto CASE .

Albert

B lack MondayAlthough the Univers i ty faces a $ 1mi l l ion loss because of the October 1 9s tock marke t dive

,the evaluat ion made

by Execut ive Vice Pres iden t for Financeand Adminis trat ion Arthur L . G i l l is isthat the Univers i ty fared exceedinglywe l l .

G i l l is explains that 70 percent of theUnivers i ty's endowment was in bondsand 1 5 percen t was in s tocks ( the o ther1 5 percent was in cash ) . As a resul t,Brande is los t about one percent off thevalue of i ts endowment in the wake of

the day the media described as ”B lackMonday .

We not only e xpec t to recoup that onepercent loss, he asserted

,

“we alsoexpec t to increase great ly the value ofour endowment

,which now s tands at

about $ 130 mi l l ion .

”

I I IBrandeis risk averse inves tments trategy can be credi ted for theUn ivers i ty’s curren t economic heal th .

Mos t col lege endowments tend to have40 to 60 percent inves ted in equi t ies atany one t ime . The reason for ourre lat ively smal l dis tribut ion in s tocksre lates to some very bas ic ins t i tut ionalissues

, G i l li s explained .

The Un ivers i ty was seek ingmoreincome from i ts endowmen t port fol io tocontribute to annual budgets . A veryconservat ive way to get more income isto inves t in h igh-qual i ty bonds, as trategy dev ised by the Board ofTrus tees ’ inves tment commi t tee .

They have made a subsequent decis ionthat when opportun i t ies arise as

bonds come due and new gi fts come

into the Univers i ty our inves tmentmanagers wi l l concen trate on the

purchase of equi t ies . Even tual ly,we wi l l

see a rebalancingof Bran de is ’ port fol ioto be more in l ine wi th the s tandard atOther univers i t ies . ”

An addi t ional analys is made by Sen iorVice Pres iden t for Deve lopment andAlumni Re lat ions Laurence Rubins te inis that the unset t led economiccondi t ions appear not to be hav inganegat ive e ffect on fund-rais ing. S tanleyFeldberg, chairman of the Campaign forBrandeis , ann oun ced at the Board ofTrustees mee tingin December that cashis cominginto the Univers i ty at a rateexceeding las t year at this t ime .

Pres ident Eve lyn E . Hand ler has askedStuar t H . Altman

,dean of the Florence

He l ler Graduate School for AdvancedS tudies in Social We lfare, to chair an ad

hoc commi t tee formed to s tudy theestabl ishment of a profess ional programin management at Brande i s .

Altman ,the 5 0 1 C . Chaikin Professor of

Nat ional Heal th Po l icy, was namedchairman of the commi t tee inSeptember 1987 . He says he was given a

broad mandate” by Handler to puttogether a comm i t tee of facul tymembers that would outline poss ib leoptions for a graduate managementschooL

In a September 1 1 le t ter to Altman,

Provos t and Dean of the Facul ty JamesR . Lackner wrote of his exp ectat ions ofthe new comm i t tee . Lackner asked thati t cons ider the pr0 posals for curricularemphases contained in the Henn esseyCommi t tee report ‘ and the concernsraised in the Fuchs Commi t tee report . ’

b

4

7

1

00A -fl q

L- A s l u-s n O.

l“

Now alumn i,friends and supporters of

Brande i s Univers i t y and members of theNat ional Women

’s Commi t tee can carrya credi t card that d isplays the ircommi tmen t . The“Priv i leged Ban k ingCards ” show a Spec tacular co lorphotograph of Usen Cas t le the firs tbui ldingof the Brande is campus . Thecards are issued by Shawmut Ban k NA .

in agreemen t wi th the Un ivers i ty,the

Board of the A lumn i Assoc iat ion and

the Board of the Nat ionalWomen’s

Commi t tee .

After careful cons iderat ion of bo th ofthese reports

,your comm i t tee may wish

to recommend addi t ional options forspec ial areas of curricular interes ts thatpoin t the way to a fresh

,dis tinct ive

approach for some form ofmanagementprogram that could appeal to a new

Brande is audience .

Al tman asked 10 senior facul tymembers to jo in the comm i t tee . Theyare Robert J . Art, the Chris tian A .

Herter Professor of Internat ionalRe lat ions and direc tor of the Center forInternat ional and Comparat ive S tudies ;Anne P . Carter

,the Fred C . Hech t

Professor of Econom ics ; Lawrence H .

Fuchs , the Meyer andWal ter JaffeProfessor in American C iv i l i zat ion and

Pol i t ics, Jack S . Go ldstein,professor of

as trophysics ; and James E . Haber,

professor of bio logy and Rosens t ie l Bas icMedical Science s Research Center .

Al so : Andrew B . Hahn,lecturer and

ass is tant dean for external affairs at theHel ler Schoo l ; Martin A . Levin

,

professor of pol i t ics and director of theGordon Publ ic Pol icy Center ; Pe ter A .

Perri,associate professor of econom ics

and director of the Lemberg Program in

In ternat ional Economics and Finance ;

Alumn i,Nat ional Women

’s Commi t teemembers and friends of Brandeis canexpec t to receive app l icat ions in the

mai l in February .

James A . Storer,associate professor of

computer science ; and Saul Touster, theJoseph M . Proskauer Professor in Lawand Soc ial We lfare and direc tor of theLegal S tud ies Program . A l tman alsoinv i ted D iana Beaudoin

,execut ive

director of the Managemen t Schoo lS tudy Comm i t tee

,to work w i th the

group .

The commi t tee has met frequen tl ythroughout the fall semester

,and

Al tman has expressed optim ism thatthey wi l l have ”

an in teres ting, real ist icand at tainable model for Pres iden tHandler’s cons iderat ion by the end of

the semes ter .'

The Ap ril 1 98 7 Hennessey Commi t teerepor t to Presiden t E velyn E . Handlerconcluded tha t i t is feasible forBrandeis to cons ider es tablishinga

gradua te school ofmanagemen t wi thinthe nex t two years .

'

The March 1 98 7 Fuchs Commit teereport titled,

“Asking the Righ t

Ques tions . outlined the facult ycommit tee ’

s concerns aboutassump tions beingmade regarding the

es tablishmen t of a Brandeis gradua teschool ofmanagemen t .

In addi t ion, the“Cas t le Card” offers

exceptional advantages over o ther cardprograms such as : a low variable annualpercen tage rate of percen t

,one of

the lowes t curren t ly around,loan

checks at no addi t ional cos t ; freeaddi t ional cards formembers of user 'sfami ly; 24—hour access to user ’s credi tl ine via Shawmut E lectronic Te l lersthroughout Massachuset ts

,and a credi t

card regis trat ion program for addedpro tect ion . The cards are also free of theannual fee for the firs t sixmonths .

The agreemen t wi th the bank inc ludesan arrangement perm i t t inga port ion of

the fee s and O ther expenses of the credi tcard program that normal ly go to the

sponsoringban k to come to Brandeis foruse in i ts alumn i

,Nat ional Women

’sCommi t tee and o ther outreachact iv i t ies . The more the Brande is card i sused , the greater the benefi t to the

Univers i ty .

Sports Notes

Basketbal l Team Bound for I sraelBy the t ime the Brandeis Reviewreaches i ts readers

,the Brande is

Un ivers i ty men’s basketbal l team wi l l

have returned from Israe l . The team wasinv i ted to part icipate in a series ofgames agains t Israel i univers i ty teams .The v is i t marks the firs t t ime in

Brandei s h is tory that an in tercol legiateteam has been invi ted to part ic ipate inoverseas compe t i t ion .

Coach Kevin O ’

Brien’

s Judges p layed aschedule of five game s during the ir 1 4day v is i t, which began on December 30 .

Inc luded on the schedule were Elitsor,

Hai fa Univers i ty,Hapoel E i lat and Asa

Beer Sheva. Brandeis also took part inthe Ram i Lus Tournamen t in Tel Av iv

,

where they compe ted wi th Techn ion ,

TelAv iv Un ivers i ty and HebrewUn ivers i ty.

Women’s Volleybal l

The Brandeis Un ivers i ty women’s

vol leybal l team en tered the Un ivers i tyAthle t ic Assoc iat ion tournamen t wi th asuperlat ive 1 9-6 record . The inauguraltourney was he ld at WashingtonUnivers i ty in St . Louis and occas ionedthe firs t overnigh t trip for the women

’svol leybal l team in the his tory of thesport at Brandeis . They finished fifth atthe tournament

,the on ly team to score

1 1 point s agains t the champ,

Washington Universi ty .

Women’s TennisThe women

’s tenn i s team fin ishedsecond at the inaugural Univers i tyAth letic Associat ion Championshipsheld at Emory Un ivers i ty in At lanta .

The w inner was the hos t school .

Judi Goldenberg ’

9 1 (Lido Beach , N .Y Jwas the champ ion at number twos ingles ; Noriko Kuge ’

9 1 (Concord,Mass ), who had only played l imi teds ingles compet i t ion all season

,emerged

as the number s ix s ingles champion .

Coach Judy Houde ’

s team rece ivedstrongplay in the doubles compe ti t ionand had a championship in the numberone doubles as Rebecca S tern ’

90 ( BocaRaton ) and Judi Goldenbergwon the

t i t le .

The Brandeis basketball team ,

The Judges . in ceremonial dress

B randeis Sophomore No. 1 Fencer

Gargiulo i s from Mon terey, Cal i forn iaand majors in anthropology . In addi t ionto prac t ic ingfenc ingseveral hours eachday, he also works 20 hours a week atthe He l ler Schoo l ’s Center for Human

Resources .

An act ive member of the Univers i ty’steam

, Gargiulo wil l lead his teammatesin the UAA fenc ingchampionships he ldin February here at Brande is . If hecon tinues to win bouts

, Gargiulo has agood chance to spend part of hissummer in Seoul , Korea,

compet ingwi th the 1 988 US . O lympic team .

Sophomore Terrence Gargiulo hasthrashed enough Opponen ts to rank asthe Uni ted S tates Fenc ingAssoc iat ion ’sNO. 1 Junior (under 20 years O ld ) fOilfencer

,a spot earned in Ari zona at the

Nat ional FencingTournamen t he ld inJune . Now 1 9 years O ld

,Gargiulo has

been fenc ingexact ly hal f of his l ife,achievingan In ternat ional Fenc ingFederat ion rank O f NO . 24 in the world .His goal th is year i s to thrus t and parryhis way into the top

- 10 by cross ingblades wi th the best Europeans andSouth Americans in the Junior WorldChampionships at the Un ivers i ty OfNotre Dame

,Ind iana, March 3 1

Apri l 4 .

Brandei s photographer Julian Browndevotes his working day tocapturing on fi lm the variedactivi tie s on campus . Recently, hecreated a perspective Of s tudent lifeby following Dean Of S tudentAffai rs Rod Craft s through hispaces .

More cake. Madame"A t the AnnualOrientation Volunteer Recognition Dinnerheld in Oc tober, student orientation staffmembers are served by administrators inappreciation of their hard work. The

s tudents had previously run new s tudentorientation week by organ izingsocialeven ts . providing academic advice .

producing the s tudent handbook and

generally doing everything to welcome

newcomers includingcarrying their bags totheir roams .

Rod and his two sons . Mat thew. 9 ion

shoulders ) and Roger . cheer the team on

at the Homecomingsoccer game last fall.

Rod makes a point ofwatchingsoccer.baseball and volley ballgames and tennismatches throughout the first semester.

At Brandeis , day begins for Rod

some times at day break— as he traversesthe campus wi th Usen Castle in the

background . His calendar reveals a typicalday : am . a student comes to request areference for law school, am . a

representative from Hillel arrives tocoordina te the season '

s cultural program;

am. the president of the black studentorganization comes to discuss the formatioof a University committee called UniversityAdvisory Commit tee on S tudents of Color :1 2 0 0 . Rod joins President Handler andstuden ts at an informal lunch ; pm. a

delegation of three , a sophomore . junior and

senior. comes to complain about a Universitypolicy . pm . Rod interviews a finalcandidate for an adminis trative position inanother department : pm, the s tudentsena te committee begins its weekly meetingwith Rod . pm . Rod serves at the AnnualOrientation Volunteer Recognition Dinner.On another day , his schedule migh t includea staffmeetingwhere he coord ina tesprograms offered by Athletics. the

Chaplaincy. the Hiatt Career DevelopmentCenter. Residence Life . S tudent Life and

University Health Services .

Anusia Lori Gay er '

90 . president of theCollege Republicans. coordina tes with Rodfor future visits of other Republicanpresidential candidates to the BrandeisForum-Campaign ’

88 . while Pete da I’ont .presidential hopeful from Delaware . holds

forth in the background. Also . BrandeisDemocrats and support groups for individualcandidates have been active in cosponsoringwith President Handler '

s Campaign '

88 . ( See

page 6 for Brandeis Forum-Campaign

1 1

The s tudent senate executive committeerepresen tatives meet wi th Rod every weekto discuss allmanner of issues . ( left torigh t) Clinton Freeman ’

89 . Olivier Sultan88 , Rod Crafts , Ian Rubin

'

88 and GaryYoung

’

89. At Brandeis . the student sena terepresents student opinion to the

administration . allocates student activityfees , conducts programs, names students toUniversity committees and conductsreferenda on campus issues .

A walk across the campususually becomes an occasion

for an informal

conversation with students .

In this case . these studen tsbroach the subiect of the

rewritingof the University '

s

grievance procedures .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

for a sense of purpose . We offer abreath of fresh air to shut-ins andnursing home re s ident s , as onewoman at Hopkins Nurs ing Homein Lexington put i t .

For Nestel, and other s tudents likehim

,the Waltham G roup creates a

bond between i t s numerousmembers and offers more than justcommuni ty service opportunit ie s .There is a t remendous group feelingamong the s tudent volunteer sbecause we are one of the few

serv ice organizations on campusthat rai ses almost all of i t s ownfunds . We run 13 programs andhave almost 300 volunteers . Lastyear we rai sed throughChari ty Week and other activitie sto operate our various programs .Unlike other campus organ izat ions ,we have to s truggle to meet ourfinancial obligat ions to fund suchprograms as Summer Genes i s

,a

summer school program for

Waltham youth, ” he explain s .

Chari ty Week has become an

annual t radition at Brandei s,when

members of the faculty andprofessional s taff

,as well as

busines se s outside the campus , aresolici ted to donate service s for theCharity Auction . In previous years

,

a portion of proceeds from the

auction went toward paying thesalary of part- time director Petero ce . This year

,however

,the

University has as sumedresponsibili ty for Joyce ’s wages .

De spi te increased support , Nestelcaut iously distinguishe s theBrandeis group from sim i larorganizat ions at other campuses .We

’re not l ike Phillip s BrooksHouse at Harvard

,which has a $ 1

mi l lion endowment . Our succe s sdemands that we make contactwi th local busine s se s and thecommuni ty to be effec tive and

solvent . So we ’ve become anotherl iai son between Bran dei s and thecommuni ty-at- large .

”

That the Waltham G roup en j oyswide recogn i t ion in the communi tyi s verified by the many citation sand awards the group accumulate sfrom year to year . Wi th in the las tseveral years

,the American Red

Cross , Time magazine,the National

Conference of Chri stian s and Jewsand the city ofWaltham haverecognized the individual andcollective efforts of the group .

Nes tel attributes the succes sfulfund-rai s ing efforts to volunteers ’commitment to their vari ousservice activi ties and to the groupas a fellowship . It

’

s the larges textracurr icular group on campus

,

he point s out .

”From what I ’ve

heard,few o ther col leges in the

United S tates have vo lunteerprograms wi th as large amembersh ip or long a his tory .

Nestel t races his own involvementwi th the group back to his fre shman

year,when he began working wi th

the elderly . Three years ago therewere only e ight s tudent placementswi th the e lderly

,now we have more

than 30 . It’

s not always easyworking w ith them

,but s tudent s

have real ly re sponded . I al so thinkthat thi s kind of involvement givess tudent s a broader View of the

world . It brings us out of our bubbleof self~serving in tere st s . You realizethat there are other people in the

wo rld than your self .

Although he i s an effectiveorganizer and fund-rai ser, i tbecome s clear that Nes tel i s equal lydevoted to communi ty service .

” Justthe other day I had a di scus sionabout AIDS wi th a woman 1 02

years old. She had so much to say,

but no one to talk to . The e lderlyare often needy and we can

’t neglec tthei r physical and emot ional needsor ignore them as a group . I

’

ve jus trecrui ted a friend to spend a fewhours a week speaking French to an

older woman who ’s been longing toconverse wi th s omeone in hernat ive tongue .

In Nestel’

s m ind,s tudent s ’ interes t

in working wi th the e lderly comesas a resul t of seeing thei r owngrandparent s s truggling in nurs inghomes . Because of thi s per sonal tie ,

he feel s that many student s aresens iti ve to the particular conditionof the elderly and unders tand thekind of lonel ine s s that o lder peoplesuffer .

S ince the Wal tham G roup ’sfounding

,thousands of Brandei s

s tudent s have been moved andchanged by thei r membership in the

group . Formany of us,the

Waltham Group was our Brandei sexpe rience, ” Nes te l says .

by Brenda Marder

Anne P . Car ter, Fred C . Hech t Professor of Economics .

is curren t chair of the Depar tmen t of Economics and

forme r dean of the facultv a t Brandeis . She came to

Brandeis in 1 9 71 , after appointments at Harvard,

Wellesley . Smith and B rooklyn College . She receivedher B A . from Queens College and her Ph D . fromHarvard Universi ty . Serving on the governing boardsof several national organizations , she also is a

member or fellow of numerous national andin ternational scien tific and economic organizationsand adv isory commit tees . She is the author of twobooks , S tr uc tural Change in the American Economyand The Future of the World Economy (With W.

Leontief and P . Pet ri". and the editor of several others .

A p rolific writer. she has written articles that spanfour decades , two recen t examples are

'

Diffusion inan Input

-Output Perspec tive,

’

and”

Can TechnologyChange Too Fas t s

Abel Aganbegyan , born in 1 932 in Georgia , USSR , is

one ofMikhail Gorbachev’

s top economic advisors . A

graduate of the Moscow S tate Ins ti tute of Economics ,

he worked for the S tate Committee of the Council ofMinisters of the USSR on problems of labor andwages . He was named direc tor of the Ins titute ofEconomics and Organization of Industrial Productionof the Siberian Section of the Academy of Sciences ofthe USSR in 1 966 . He was also professor ofmanagemen t sciences at Novosibirsk University .

Curren tlv , Aganbegyan serves as the academicsecretary of the Economic Branch of the USSR

Academy of Sciences and the chairman of theCommission on Resource Investigations of thePresidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences . He has

published on such topics as labor p roductivi ty and

wages , living s tandards , use of economicmathematicalmodels for long-range planning andmanagement of socialist en terprises . He was an liASA

member in 1 9 75 and 1 976 .

When Profes sor Anne Carter went to Aus tria thi s pastJuly

,she bypassed Vienna and wen t ins tead some 30

ki lometers out s ide of the capital to the picturesquevillage of Laxenburg

,the s i te of the former summer

palace of the Hapsburgs . The Bran dei s economist,

whose special ty i s technological innovation,didn ’t

travel there for touri sm . She j ourneyed to Laxenburg asa special ly invi ted guest to hear a lecture given bySoviet econom i s t Abe l Aganbegyan,

secretary of theeconomics depar tment of the Soviet Academy ofSciences

,and one ofM ikhai l Sergeievich Gorbachev ’

s

top economic advi sors .

Surrounded by cobbled courtyards and formal gardens,with a beautiful baroque church across the way, thi sformer Hapsburg bast ion of pre -World War I opulence i snow home to an East/we s t think tank

,the International

Institute for Applied Sys tems Analys is ( IIASA ) . Withrenovated s tables for offices and gilded hal l s for lecturerooms

,IIASA played host to Comrade Aganbegyan .

There he told a fascinated internat ional audience,grounded in the methods of the pos t- industrial era, howperestroika , the res tructuring of the Soviet economy,was to change the ground rules set down by Stalin inthe 19303, and bring Rus sia into economic competi tionwith the capi tali s t countries of the world . Aus tr ia

,we

are cons tan tly reminded, at the cros sroads of Europe,remains a country where all manner of impossibi li ties,possibili ties and strange real i ties inter sect .

Profes sor Carter was invi ted by the admini s t rat ion ofIIASA

,as a natural consequence of her being on the

advisory commi ttee to IIASA and a member of theAmerican Academy of Art s and Sciences, which helpssupport i t . Her l ifelong interes t in technological changeand innovat ion and her reputation as a senior Americaneconomist in those areas made her a logical candidateto represent the United S tates at the lec ture and at the

smal l,intimate lunch and dinner parties for the Russian

celebri ty .

I accepted the invitat ion with enthusiasm because Iwanted to hear the detai l s direct ly from Aganbegyan,

who is playing such an important role in thi s famousrestructuring . It is fascinat ing to hear how ve rydifferently other econom ies operate and how theyhandle change s in technology, ” she says . Peres troika i ssupposed to fos ter technological progres s in the Sovie tUnion . Not on ly is Aganbegyan a chief architect ofp erestroika, he i s al so one of the regime ’s favoritespokesmen .

For the audience, the t iming of the lecture waspart icularly propitious : les s than three weeks hadpassed s ince Gorbachev ’

s content ious plan foreconomic restructuring had won formal approval fromthe Communi st Party ’s Central Committee . In a two

day session las t Iune 25 -26,the Central Committee had

approved his 37-page directive ordering extens ivechan ges in the management of the economy, the mos tradical of which were al terat ions in the two foundations tones of the Soviet economy— fixed subsidized pricesand central control over the economy . Di rectly after theIune meeting, Aganbegyan made the front pages of theAmerican papers as he explained to the curious out sideworld the meaning of his bos s ’ manifesto to the CentralCommit tee . The New York Times wrote :Abel G . Aganbegyan,

for year s a maverick amongSoviet economists

,sat before a crowd of reporters

tonigh t and con jured up a s t range new world of Sovietsocial i sm in which the omnipotent central plann ingagencies have wi thered, unneeded workers aredi smi s sed

,good companies are measured by the i r

profi ts and bad companie s go bankrupt . Mr.

Aganbegyan has spun his fanciful scenarios before, but

this t ime he spoke as the designated explainer of thenew Communi s t Party Gospel . In a startling turn of

Soviet policy and poli tics,the course he described

tonigh t had become M ikhai l Gorbachev ’

s and the

party ’s .

Aganbegyan i s no stranger to Professor Carter . On a

visi t to the Soviet Academy of Sc iences at Novosibi rskas participant in an internat ional conference some 20

years ago,she made his acquaintance at a t ime when he

was head of the Ins ti tute of Economics andOrganization of Industrial Production of the Academy .

Even then he was a person of some s tature .

”I

remember vividly,

” Carter recal l s, ”a personal tour he

insisted on giving each foreign member of our groupseparately in his car to show off the vi l lage of about

people . He spoke completely in English as heproudly pointed out one marvel after another . I askedhim a few ques t ions in the course of the tour that hadnothing to do with the vil lage . He di sregarded myques t ions and continued his pat ter . I realized later thathe Spoke and unders tood very li tt le Engli sh, but hadmemorized an Engli sh-language talk for purposes of thetour . From this firs t encounter wi th him,

I gatheredthat he was a per s i s tent and driving character, and wasnot afraid to initiate creat ive solution s to solve hisproblems . In those days

,she added

,

”he boas ted ofonce having been a chauffeur and claimed a real lovefor car s . ” She describes him as an enormous man

, verytall

,wi th a generously wide frame and dark curly hair,

an A rmenian who used to love hunting animal s in the

wi lds of Sovie t Asia . He consumed great volume s offood and drink at table, while dominating theconversat ion .

Somehow,there is an oriental qual ity about him, he

’

s

someone out of the Arabian Nigh ts or a trader alongthe s ilk routes . In spite of his pas sion for cars

,he seems

to belong as tride a horse,draped in layer s of oriental

c loaks . As a social personali ty, he i s not a charme r ; heexpect s you,

I think,to charm him . He i s careful when

talking about hi s official m ission but in ordinaryconversat ion he does not try to be engaging . He

present s himself,

”she says , ”

as a personage,a man of

importance . He has learned a lot,however

,about public

relat ions in the las t 20 years . When I saw him in

Aus t ria,he avoided any semblance ofwithholding

information,but i t was clear that he had planned his

mes sage carefully,that nothing beyond i t would slip

out . He’

s a mas ter of Openne s s without di sclosure . For

example,when we quest ioned him about the

reorganization,we asked him to give us a rough idea of

the anticipated period of t ran s i tion . His answer wentsomething like this : ’

you have to unders tand that weare doing something real ly new and no one can knowhow long i t wi l l take .

’

Year s ago you wouldn ’t haveexpected a Soviet econom i s t to admit that he was

’

winging i t . ’ It ’s as if he i s sharing a secret, yet at thesame t ime he i s noncommi t tal about implementations .There i s an impre s s ion of hones ty there, she notes .When he del ivered the formal addre s s he was remote,

impersonal,shuffling the chart s and graphs like an

academic .

”

At IIASA,his goal was to inform the world about hi s

country ’s lates t changes , as one might send out a pre s srelease . He is, accord ing to Carter, a man who is tryingto move cons t ituenc ies , to garner support andunderstanding from his Rus s ian colleagues, member s ofthe Eas tern Bloc as wel l as people completely out sidethe Communi s t orbit . The opinions of out s ideacademics may be ve ry important in reinforcing Sovie tinternal support .

This was the gi st of Aganbegyan ’

s talk . The

restructuring in the Soviet economy would have to beradical . Firs t there would have to be a drast ic changeto allow more independence for enterp rises wi th areduction of interference in the day

-to-day operat ion of

these enterprises by the cent ral agencie s such asGosplan

,the S tate Planning Commi t tee, which control s

the economy,he dec lared . As a consequence, the

Gorbachev plan foresees direct l inks developingbetween manufacturing enterpri se s and the supplier s ofraw materials as they set wholesale prices throughdirect negotiation . Under the present Soviet system,

the

central organization in Moscow control s the movementof raw material s to the factories and sets the prices . Mr.

Aganbegyan said that properly managed contract sbetween factories and their supplier s could increasefactory profit s . Factories and farms would operate onthe basi s ofmaterial in cen tive s : workers would get payraises or not based on performance . To eliminateinefficiency in the system ,

unn eeded or lazy workerswould be fired and unproductive enterprises would haveto be closed down .

One of hi s special target s for cri tic i sm was thesubsidies to weak or fai ling enterp rises . ”We supportthousands of enterprises that are completely inefficient,unprofi table or produce inferior goods . Thi s i sparticularly widespread in mining, the coal indust ry andother heavy indus t ries . For example, 20 30 coal minesof the Donesk coal bas in can (and in my opinion must )be closed tomorrow. Thei r inefficiency goes beyond anysens ible l imits

,

”he insi s ted . He went on to explain that

no c losure or reorganizat ion of enterp ri ses mus t become

normal practice there mus t be several s tates :tran sfer to a special type of financing, reorganizationand pos s ible bail-out at the expense of theorganization ’s own reserve funds . ”

At the same t ime there would be a radical reform in the

complex,controlled pricing sys tem in which the prices

of commodities and product s are set by the governmentat a fraction of the true co s t on the one hand, or some

multiple on the other . He claimed that the wholepr ic ing system from material s to wholesale and retai lpr ices needs to be re st ructured to bring p rices intocloser alignment with co st s .

Throughout his talk,he rei terated the need for

scient ific and technological progre s s— the switch fromextens ive to intensive econom ic growth . a new

stage of the scientific and technological revolution isdeveloping in the world, and the economic mechani smshould be geared to the accelerat ion of this revolutionby being part icularly sens i tive to the requirements ofscience and technology .

”

In her reac tion to what Aganbegyan said, Profes sorCarter speaks cautiously about the advan ce s thatp erestroika may effect . She refers anecdotally to theques tion and answer period af ter his talk as a way of

giving her own conclusion : from the audience,she

asked him how Soviet managers, practiced in the old

ways,would react to ret raining in new management

systems . He replied,

”Can you teach a man to swim

before you get him near the water ? ” Aganbegyan ’

s quip ,think s Carter

,reflects the t ruth .

”How can he or

anyone possibly know at thi s poin t how the count rywi l l deal w ith thi s enormous undertaking ?"

IIASA Headquarters.

Laxenburg. Aus tria

In a s cenario she sketches,Carter sees the need to

overcome the inert ia of a vast bureaucracy for mode s tincremental changes . Outside help would be important .They want ve ry much to increase the volume of j oin tventures with the capitali s t countries . Wes tern expert sm ight go to the Soviet Union to work wi th them on

some product . Westerners,and we should al so include

the Japanese in thi s p icture,would show them how to

use technology and management systems to produce a

good qual ity product for export . And as Brandei sProfes sor Emeri tus Joseph Berliner

,a seasoned Soviet

analys t,said in his tes timony before the Joint Economic

Committee in Washington last fall,in the conduct of

foreign economic relations we can expect to see a

marked degree of decentral ization . Manufacturers ofcars or space satel l ite se rvices will compete moreaggres sively abroad in j oin t management foreignmarketing networks . ”

In fact,early las t Spring

,Gorbachev i s sued a decree that

authorizes 20 mini s t rie s and 70 ente rpri se s to importand export . Permi t ting enterprises to participate directlyin foreign t rade negotiations wil l afford them a bet tergrasp of the pace of change and the qual i ty s tan dards ofworld market s than they have now .

Aganbegyan did refer often in his talk to the need toupgrade the qual ity of their manufactured goods .Producing quali ty goods is obvious ly a maj or goal

,

thinks Carter,but to do thi s they must bring thei r

technology up to Wes tern s tandards . ”That ’s the ir chief

concern in this whole concept of restructuring,

”she

s tres ses . Technological ly,except in the mission

oriented economies of the m il itary and space sector,

they laggravely behind .

"They don ’t seem to real ize

how much the pace of the technology race hasacce lerated in recent decades . Thirty years ago ,

we'

used

to be l ieve that technical pari ty could be achieved

simply by buy ing the lates t equipment . The Sovietsst ill expect to catch up by replac ing obsolete mach ineswith modern technology .

There are two aspect s of innovat ion,she claims

,the

Russians do not yet unders tand : ” Firs t,I’m sure they

underes timate the rate of obsolescence in modernindus t ry . Now one needs to update the equipment notjus t once ~and-for-all but continuous ly . Second, they donot recognize the tremendous creative force that goe sinto developing and us ing the technology to be s tadvantage— the focus on improvemen t at all s tages ofindustry . Decentral ized respons ibili ty for changepresuppose s a set of polit ical and social at ti tudes thatare not part of thei r culture . In that respect

,she

be lieves that hi s talk showed no awarene s s of the maj orchal lenges of internat ional compet i tion .

His s trategy may be effective in upgrad ing the qual i tyof Soviet consumers ’ goods and improving dome sticproductivity . But i t won ’t give them a s ign ificant shareofworld market s for advanced manufactures . Perhapsworld market s are not of primary interes t to themnow .

She notes that market capital ist economies st imulatechange by offering powerful economic incent ives toinnovators . The individual en t repreneur, or theentrepreneurial corporation,

shoulders sign ifican t ri sksin pursuit Of maj or rewards . ”

Inevi tably,some of the

ri sks and rewards spil l over on to innocent economicbystanders compet itors

,employees , suppliers whose

econom ic welfare depends on the success or fai lure ofan innovat i ve venture .

” Normal ly workers who gainfrom others ’ innovation s do not complain

,but many,

she suggest s,fear the down s ide Of our innovative

system .

”American coal miners in the 1 9503 and 1 9605 ,

American s tee l and automakers in the 1 9703 and

1 9805 , Japanese shipbuilders and S teelworkers todayhave had to face painful adjus tment s . ”

Soviet workers,Sovie t managers and ultimately Soviet

reformers,in her opinion

,are well aware that

res tructuring to foster change can,and ve ry likely wil l ,

threaten economic securi ty at many levels . Are theyready to trade job security for bet ter consumer goods ?bureaucratic s tability for national pride in the

technology race ?"she asks . Peres troika could alter thebas ic social contrac t of the Soviet system .

I wonder when and how they ’l l resolve these ques tions .Pondering them convinces me that Aganbegyan i s notjust smart and smooth . He i s a very bold entrepreneur,a

’meta-entrepreneur ’ venturing to effect maj orinnovat ions in the des ign of the Soviet economy itself .

As Carter ponders these complexities,American

newspapers are reporting that drast ic act ion has alreadytaken place in certain areas Of the country . In a recentartic le in The Bos ton Globe, columni s t John F . Dri scollwrote from the USSR that in the Ukraine officialsclaimed to have let go people between Januaryand September 1 987 . In Moscow they plan to lay Off

worker s in the mini s tries by 1 990 . Earlyreti rements are being encouraged and ”

the age for

retirement has been pealed back from 60 to 58 for men

and from 55 to 53 for women,

” reported Dri scoll . Asthe Ukrainian s go after the bureaucrat s to try toincrease product ion

,the Ukrainian agricultural boss has

acknowledged ”winnowing out civi l se rvants byremoving half the top brass and a third of themanagers, said Dri sco l l .

In many sec tors, Sovie t official s are explaining to the

fore ign pres s in an unprecedented Open manner thatconsumer goods , especial ly foods tuffs , must be madeavai lable in a rational way, while the Soviet pre s s i sregaling it s cit izen s wi th co lumns Of cri tici sm Of thesystem and need for improvement .

As the Soviet s s truggle to find the ir n iche in the pos tindustrial era, they fascinate not only academicians l ikeAnne Carter : they hold a large part Of the world inthrall .

IIASA

On the ini tia tive of the United S ta tes and the SovietUnion , the International ins ti tute for AppliedS y s tems Analy sis ( IIASA ) was founded in 1 972 as a

nongovernmental, in terdisciplinary research ins titute .

Originally organized in cooperation with the

academies of science ( or the equivalen t institutions )in 1 2 coun tries , the membership has expanded to

include scien tific and p rofessional bodies in 1 6

coun tries , with much of Europe . both East and Wes t,

as well as Japan , Canada and the United S ta tesrep resen ted . llASA

’

s mission is to ini tia te and supportindividual and collaborative research on social,economic , technological and environmen tal issues , top romote coopera tion between scien tific disciplinesbe tween na tions . and between the scien tific .

indus trial and policy communi ties . and to

disseminate the results of research under taken inhopes of encouraging an expanded Eas t-Wes t

dialogue .

Some 70 scien tis ts from 20 coun tries curren tlv make

up the full- time s taff. They rep resen t severaldisciplines . including computer sciences ,

ma thema ti cs , econom ics . sociology and ecology .

The usual tenure a t the Ins ti tute is one or two

y ears— longer if con tinuity on a project is consideredessen tial. Gues t scholars . collaborators from outsideins ti tutions and a pool of over 1 400 IIASA alumni

p rovide supplemen tary support .

With the I IASA advisory board serving as the link

with poten tial users of the research results . IIASA

disseminates its informa tion th rough several

mediums— publish ed papers , conference proceedingsand research repor ts , scien tific mee tings , eitherIIASA -sponsored or cosponsored wi th collaboratingins titutions . and through collaboratingne tworks .

This collabora tion takes many forms — case s tudies ,comparative anyalyses . data exchanges and ioin t

authorship of publica tions . I IASA aims to promotemore realis tic and international thinking aboutproblems and solution app roaches .

IIASA is loca ted in Laxenburg , Aus tria , some milesoutside Vienna . in the former summer palace of theHapsburgs .

1 9

by Jonas Lee ’

88

1 1 1 3 1 0 1 1 8 1 1 1 3 1 10 6

Jonas Lee is in his fourth y ear of a

five -y ear combined B A . and MA .

program leading to a bachelor '

s in

economics and a mas ter’

s in

international finance th rough the

Lemberg Program in InternationalEconomics and Finance . Once a

p remed student . he swi tched toeconomics after a semester of

chemis try and is now pursuing an

in tere st in inves tmen t banking,

mergers . acquisi tions and arbi tragetrading. He researched the latter

duringhis s tudy-ab road semes ter

in Japan under the ausp ices of theLemberg Program . He has workedas a researcher with a New Yorkfirm on the take -over offer for theJapan Fund Go and he is planningto re turn to Jap an for eight monthsto work With Nikko Securi ties Co .

on conver tible bond arbitragetrading. A member of the all-s tate

track team in high school inMamaroneck. New York. he ran

va rs ity track for two'

years at

Brandeis . He claims his interes t inthe Far Eas t stems , in part , fromthe fac t that his fa ther was born inKorea .

Be tween Apr i l and September, incon junc tion wi th the LembergProgram in Inte rnat ional Econom icsand F inance, I spent a semes ter inTokyo working at Nikko Securi tieswhile attending Sophia Universi ty .

The exposure to Nikko was,Of

course,the bes t kind of expe rience

for a s tudent who wants to build acareer in finance .

Wi th many internat ional branchess tretching from London to Bahrain

,

Nikko i s one Of the ”BigFour”

Japane se securi ties fi rms and thethird larges t securi tie s company inthe world . While employed atNikko

,I was extremely fortunate to

Observe Japanese bus ines s methodsand et iquette from the position of

an ins ider . Because my Japanesefluency was elementary ,

I mi s sed alot but s ti ll I was able to abso rb agreat deal despite the languagebarrie r . I feel confident that I have a

much better grasp Of how the

Japanese do busine s s than many

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While Nikko i s not a typicalJapane se company

,s ince i ts

operat ions are set in a globalcontext

,i t nonethe le s s does

busines s in a typical ly Japanesemanner . I learned a great deal abouthow and why prices move in the

Japane se securi t ie s marke ts frommy wri t ing of the dai ly marketreport . But probably even morevaluable was the opportuni ty toObse rve the Japane se co rporateculture at work— the managementrelations

,the decis ion-making

proces s and the intercompanypo l i tic s . Working at Nikko

,I

observed firs thand many of thebusines s rule s and pract ices anAmerican needs to know to be

succes sful in deal ing with theJapanese, too Often one hears ofEast -We s t bus ine s s deal s that fel lthrough because the part ie sinvolved did no t unders tand thepractice s and cus toms of the o therculture .

The Nikko Securities C0Tokyo Headquarters

Probably the foremos t difference inbusines s practice be tween the

Uni ted S tates and Japan s tems froma cultural orientat ion : while an

American company makes a salebased on logical factors such aslower prices

,fas ter del ivery or bet ter

qual i ty,the Japane se company

make s the sale according to the

relationship i t has formed wi th it sc l ient .

The Japanese mus t be able to t rus ttheir trading partners beforebusines s can be conducted . TO

develop thi s trus t,they entertain

thei r client s n ight and day, thei rat ti tude being that if they can fee lcomfortable with c lien ts out side of

the work sett ing they wil l be able totrus t them in a busines s deal . TheAmerican t rying to put together adeal in Japan wi ll be taken out

every night for exten s ive partying . If

the Vi s i tor proves to be open withthe Japanese

,busine s s as far as the

Japane se are concerned i s more thanhalfway completed . Forty-to 50-yearOld American busine s smen may be

dead by that t ime, a week ofJapanese entertainment in i t svarious forms i s far and away themost exhausting thing they wi ll dounti l they return to Japan .

Americans are cons tantly amazed atthe salariman

’

s (companyemployee ’s ) endurance to work unti le ight O ’clock in the evening

,drink

ti ll midnight,and s t ill show up for

work at e ight - thir ty in the morning,

three or four night s a week .

Key to unders tanding the internalworkings Of a Japane se company isan appreciation of the c losene s s ofthe group in Japanese society . SinceJapan has such a smal l landmas sabout the s ize of Cal ifornia— wi th apopulat ion of about half the s ize of

the United S tates,certain social

rule s are bound to evolve to ensureharmony among a large populationpacked on such a smal l i sland .

People are rarely alone in Japan,and

they appear to be psychological lyand anatomically al ike

,s ince

everyone i s of the same race and

cul ture . The sense of” onenes s ”

among the Japanese i s very st rong .

It fol lows that with in the companystructure

,the group i s al so very

tight : the employees at N ikko in a

divi s ion are seated next to eachother wi th no part i t ions .

Management s i t s right next toeveryone el se

,al so wi thout separate

Offices,except for a few top

executive s . In th i s environment,

very few secret s can be kept , whenyou deal wi th one person from a

department, you are real ly dealing

wi th the whole uni t . Also,almost

all deci s ions are made by concensus,

re sulting in the longdeci s ion -making proces s sofrus trating to foreigners . In cont ras t

,

an Amer ican fi rm wi ll often decideon crucial mat ter s wi thin a day, or

as soon as the person in chargegives the OK,

but in Japan s incemos t dec i s ions are done wi th theapproval Of the ent i re group

,i t takes

much longer . However,once

approval i s given,i t i s comforting to

note that the Japanese act withgreat speed . Foreigners on busines sin Japan mus t learn patience .

What was s triking to me when Ifirs t entered Nikko was how the

office was arranged . In addi tion to

my department,the room that I

worked in was al so workspace forabout s ix other departments . Eachdepartment cons i s ted of about 40employees whose de sks werearranged in a very long double row

with the head of the departments itt ing at the end of the row : the

only private area was a come rpart i t ioned off into a smal l meetingroom . Everyone shared the same

secretarial pool,even the divi sion

managers . An atmosphere Ofcohes ivenes s p revai led .

One very confus ing aspect ofdeal ing with the Japane se i s thei rat ti tude of

“saving face .

”In thei r

culture,an individual cannot suffer

shame and,as a corollary

,one

should not place ano ther in a

position of disgrace . Thi s delicatecustom leads to a circui tous way of

speaking in orde r to dul l the effec tof a blunt statement . They al soavoid us ing the word ”

no,in s tead

preferring yes,” ”maybe ”

or” let ’s

talk about that later . It i s veryhard

,even for the Japanese

them selves,to really di sce rn i f the

answer i s in fact ”no

,

” ”

yes,maybe”

or"let ’s talk about i t later .

The only way -to ascertain what i sreal ly meant i s through reading thesubtle change s in at ti tude and

expres s ion,a difficult p roposit ion

indeed for the gaijin ( foreigner ) . It ’sa s ituation you j us t have to handlewi th a sense of humor . The savingface”

ethic i s al so manife s ted inlegal proceedings, American firmsmay sue each other

,but even after a

With an eye to keeping classroomsize small, the Lemberg Programadmitted only 1 4 s tuden ts duringits firs t year ( 1 986 Of th ose,eigh t were Brandeis jun iors and

the remainingsix s tuden ts

received their B .A . s from o theruniversi ties . In contras t , the 1 98 7

88 p ool of admi tted app licants wasnearly 30 pe rcen t larger than las tyea r ’s . The 1 98 7 -88 class is

approxima tely 70 p ercen t

American and includes s tudents

from Canada , China , Germany ,Mexico, Morocco , Norway and

Sweden .

An essen tial feature of Lemberg.

says Pe tri, is the foreign exchangeof studen ts . Duringone sem es ter oftheir four, Lemberg s tuden ts are

required to s tudv a t participatingun i versi ti es in one of the followingcountries : Denmark, England ,

France , Hong Kong, Israel Italy ,Japan , Mexico , Spain or Wes t

Germany . Unlike the Junior YearAbroad series , Lemberg s tudentsdo not a t tend American

universities . We wan t our

s tudents to mix in with foreigns tuden ts ,

”

he explains . The

affilia ted schools are leadingbusiness or in terna tional relationsins titutions . Lemberg studen ts are

exposed to the culture of these

foreign schools and are exp ec ted to

study in the language of the hos tcoun try .

Concurren tly , Brandeis hos ts a

number of foreign scholars on

campus from pa r tic ipatinguniversities . The resultingmix of

cultural and educationalbackgrounds . says Petri, helps

make the academic a tmosphere a t

home lively , diverse and truly

interna tional.

After only one year in operation .

the Lemberg Program has earneddis tin c tion for its unusual andimagina tive use of s tudy -abroad

p rogramming. The two researcherswho described the program tha t

way , Crauford Goodwin of DukeUniversity and Michael Nach t ofthe University ofMaryland, bothsp ecialis ts in researching studv

abroad programming, have

selected Lemberg as one of eigh t

programs nationwide that showedvigorous innovati on .

lawsuit they may be able to conductbusines s . After a suit in Japan

,

however,the

” loss of face ” thatcomes wi th confrontation woulddi sallow any further deal ingsbetween the two partie s . In Japan

,

most case s are set tled out of courtmainly because the legal sys tem isunderdeveloped

,but nonetheless the

settlement s al low both companie sto save face .

What I appreciated most about aJapanese company sprang from the

tightly-kni t group structure— you

quickly become friends wi th thepeople in your department . S inceyou spend so much time at work( the typical workday i s about elevenhours ) in such a t ight seat ingarrangement and then go out

together after work,i t i s easy to

become close . Such proximi ty mightcreate tens ions in the Uni ted S tates

,

but the Japanese are used to i t and,

in fact,thrive on i t . The people in

my divis ion viewed the uni t as afami ly, during the firs t weeks I wasat Nikko

,a general manager from

the departmen t took me to dinnerand told me that ”

the members ofthe divi s ion were l ike my children .

As i t happened at the t ime,mos t of

them were fi rst-year employees,and

one of the general manager ’s dutie sas he explained i t was ”

to rai se h i schildren under the Nikko credo .

As a gaijin in a Japanese company,I

was treated extremely wel l . When Ifir s t arrived

,I suppose the s taff was

to ld by the general managers to ben ice to me

,but I don ’t think their

kindnes s and patience wi th me

would have lasted for the fourmonths I was there if they were notwell di sposed to begin with . Eventhough my s tay there was qui teshort and my Japane se quite poor,when I left Nikko I fel t very much apart of the group .

Only through having ac tual ly beenin a Japane se firm

,could I

unders tand the employee s intensefeel ings toward the i r company .

They develop an unswerv ing loyal tytoward the fi rm , and the fi rm i sexpected to be loyal to theemployee . The l ifetime employmentsystem

,which as sume s that once

having been hired by a firm you

never leave nor are you ever laid off,

i s one expres sion of thi s loyal ty .

Foreign financial firms find th i sdevotion hard to unders tand

,and

problematic,because as a

consequence i t i s difficul t to attractexperienced Japane se employee s towork for them even by offeringthem higher pay and bet terposi tions .

Because I have worked in an

American as wel l as a Japanese fi rm,

people often askme which isbetter . ” One hears that Japane semanagement system s are supposedto be much more efficient thanours . My conclusion i s that I don ’tthink that i t i s the Japanesemanagement sys tem that givesthem a manufacturing edge . The

Japanese,however

,have a cultural

edge whereby they are st ronglyunified as a people and hence as a

company . Certainly,the Japanese do

seem to put more of themselvesinto the company than Americansdo

,and thi s gives management great

power— when labor i s vigorous andloyal

,management can concentrate

on other p roblems,such as building

quality car s . A Japane se friend and Iwere once discus s ing the Uni tedS tates ’ t rade deficit and he told me

a trade imbalance could not happenin Japan— if Japan was runn ing intothat problem

,everyone would

immed iately s top buying foreigngoods . After be ing in Japan and

getting to know i t s people,thi s i s

qu i te easy to be l ieve .

While i t i s important to unders tandthe differences be tween the Uni tedStates and Japanese businessculture s

,i t i s al so important to

remember that both have the same

goal s — to make money . Deal sbetween the two countries arepo s s ible and profi table

,as evidenced

by the succes se s of Coca-Co la,

Domino ’s Pizza,McDonald

’

s,

Toyota,Sony or Nikon . Knowing

and caring for the differencesbetween culture s wil l make thereal ization of that common goalthat much easier .

by Peter Conrad

Peter Conrad is associate professor of sociology at

Brandeis . He received his B A . from the S ta te

sociology from Boston Umverszty . His research has

been in the area of health and illness . He is the

award-WinningDev iance andMedical izati on : From

Epilepsy : The Experience and Control of Illnes s

NO disease in recent times has caused the widespreadalarm that AIDS (Acqui red ImmunodeficiencySyndrome ) has generated throughout the Wes ternWorld . The soc ial reaction to a disease can be seen as

something quite apar t from it s medical reali ty, s incethe social response to AIDS i s so vehement

,i t i s

important to unders tan d both medical and socialperspectives . Such unders tanding m ight lead to changesin public and private policies concerning AIDS .

We can think of disease and il lnes s from two differentangle s : disease can be looked at as a biophysicalphenomenon

,a proce s s or s tate that affect s the body .

Il lness,by contras t

,encompasses the social and

psychological phenomena that surround the di sease :specifical ly

,how culture defines the disease and how

individual s experience thei r di sorder . To comprehendthe social react ion to AID S we need to examine thesocial meanings attached to the i llness . When I talkabout the social meaning of AIDS , I am including whatcritic Susan Sontag in Illness as Metaphor has termedthe metaphorical aspects of i llness : those images thatguide our comprehens ion of a disease . As Sontagsugges t s

,metaphorical aspect s are e special ly prevalent

wi th dread di seases that have great unknowns aboutthem . AIDS is not only a biomedical enti ty but ani llness that has a soc ial ly constructed image andengage s par ticular att itude s . The social mean ings ofAIDS are both surprisingly s imple and bafflinglycomplex

,but are key to grasping the soc ial react ion

to AID S .

The medi cal reali ty of AID S remains puzzling but isbecoming clearer . AID S i s a disease caused by a virusthat breaks down the immune sys tem and leaves thebody unprotected against opportuni st ic infections thatnearly invariably lead to death . The number of AIDScases is growing dramatical ly . At this wri t ing over

AID S cases have been diagnosed in the Uni tedS tates . Four to five t imes that many people have a

chronic disorder cal led AIDS-Related Complex (ARC ),and between one and two mill ion individual s have anan tibody posi tive response to HIV (HumanImmunodeficiency Virus ), the vi rus believed to causeAIDS . It i s estimated that five to 20 percen t Of thi sexposed group wil l contract AID S, but no one knowswho they will be .

Over 90 percent of AIDS vict ims come from two ri skgroups : homosexual or bisexual men and intravenousdrug users . Hemophiliacs and Others requiring frequen tblood transfusions, infants born to mothers with AIDS,and people who have a high-ri sk sexual partner are alsocons idered at r isk . Evidence is clear that HIV- infectioni s transmitted through the direct exchange of bodilyfluids

,semen and blood ; the most common modes of

tran smi ss ion are anal in tercourse am ong malehomosexuals and uns terile needle-sharing amongintravenous drug users . There is virtual ly no evidencethat the Virus can be transmitted by such everydaycasual contact” as kissing

,shak ing hands

,exposure to

food,air or water . Wi th the exception of very specific

modes of semen or blood-related transmi ssion,i t doe s

not appear that the AIDS v irus i s very easy to catch .

Yet in the face of the medical evidence the publicreaction to AID S has bordered on hysteria. Let me

briefly present a few examples of the reactions to AIDSor AIDS Vict ims .

children were kept out Of school in Queens,New York

,as parents protested the decision to al low a

seven-year-old girl with AIDS to attend second grade,

despite no evidence of tran smiss ion by schoolchi ldren .

Hospital workers in San Francisco refused to enter therooms of AIDS patient s and when ordered to attend thepatient s appeared wearing masks, gowns and goggles .

A Bal timore policeman refused to enter the office of aperson with AIDS to investigate a death threat anddonned rubber gloves to handle the evidence .

A local school di s trict in New Jersey tried to exclude a

healthy nine -year-old boy whose s i s ter has ARC,despite

no evidence of s ibling transmis sion .

In New York,undert akers refused to embalm AIDS

victims, householders fired their Hai tian maids andsubway riders wore gloves

,all from fear of contracting

AIDS .

The New York Times reported cases of denti s ts whorefused to treat allgay patient s whether or not they hadAIDS .

In Dallas a smal l group of doctors and denti s t s formedDallas Doctors Agains t AIDS and began a campaign toreinstate Texas ’ sodomy laws .

In a Bos ton corporation,employees threatened to quit

en masse if the company forced them to work with anAIDS patient .

In Dade Coun ty,Florida

,cit izens voted to require the

county ’s food workers to carry cards certifyingthat they are free of communicable di seases

,including

AIDS,despi te no known cases of AID S that were

tran smi tted through food and even though public healthofficials opposed thi s policy .

Several maj or life insurance companies are requiringcertain applicants— young

,single

,male

,l iving in

certain areas— to undergo a compulsory HIV ant ibodytest .

Three school -aged HIV-infected brothers and theirfami ly were driven from thei r rural Florida home bytheir communi ty ’s continual harassment and asuspicious fire that destroyed thei r home .

The l i s t could go on . There i s clearly a spreading fear ofAIDS

,3 dread that has led to an overreaction to the

actual problem . Scientists, medical profes s ional s andthe public al ike agree that AIDS is a devastating diseaseand a serious threat to public heal th . But the

overblown,frequently i rrational and pointles s social

reac tion to AIDS makes the disease more difficult tomanage for those who suffer from it , and divert sattent ion from the real public heal th concern s .

What factors underlie society ’s re sponse to AID S ? Thereare some i lln es se s that carry with them a ce rtain moraldevaluation

,a stigma . Leprosy

,epilepsy

,mental

disorder,venereal disease

,and by some account s even

can cer,reflect moral shame on the individual s who had

the misfortune to contract any of these afflictionsbecause people often connect s tigmat ized illn esses todevian t behavior . Thus

,the effect of the early

connection of AIDS to male homosexual conductcann ot be underestimated in exam ining it s s tigm atizedimage . The early designat ion of the di sorder was GayRelated Immune Deficiency Syndrome (GRID ) and waspublicly proclaimed as a ”

gay plague .

”AIDS is not and

never was specifically related to homosexualconditions ; vi ruses don ’t know homosexual s fromheterosexual s .

Wi thin a short t ime,other people were identified as

ri sk groups ”— intravenous drug user s , Hai tians andhemophiliacs even though ri sk behaviors rather thanri sk groups i s now seen as a more appropriatedesignation . SO wi th the exception of hemophiliacs(who made up les s than two percent of the cases ) andHai tian s (who are no longer considered a ri sk group ),the image of AIDS in the public eye was int imatelyconnected with people who l ived on the margins ofmains tream lifestyle s . It was a di sease of ” thosedeviant s

,

” cons idered by some a punishment for thei rbehavior . Fear of AIDS i s t ied to the widespread anddeeply rooted homophobia in American society . Thishomophobia has been long manifested in laws

,medical

defini tions and di scrimination agains t people whoengage in homosexual conduct . Some of the most overtdiscriminat ion has eroded in recent years due to thework of the gay l iberation movemen t

,but latent

negative at ti tudes toward gays became more manifes tagain with the coming of AIDS .

The dominant vector of AIDS t ran sm i s sion is throughsexual activi ty— part icularly anal intercourse of malehomosexual s— al though scientifically AIDS can be seenas a blood disease

,since con tact with the blood is

nece ssary for t ransmis sion . This common form oftran sm i s s ion has con tributed to i ts image as a sexual lytran smit ted disease . Venereal disease s are by natures tigmatized . Observers often blame the vic tims forbringing the disease upon themselves . As socialhistorian Al len Brandt point s out in No Magic Bullet,venereal diseases have become the symbol of pollutionand contamination : ”

Venereal di sease,the palpable

evidence of unres trained sexual i ty,became a symbol for

social di sorder and moral decay— a metaphor for evi l . ”

AIDS,with it s connection to mul tiple sex encounters

( some of the early media s tories reported of 1 000l ifet ime sex partners for gay men ) and once forbiddensodomy

,

” touches deep puritanical concern s and revivesalarms of promiscuity and ” sexual perm issiveness” thathad become more muted in recent decade s . Theconnection of AIDS to

” sexual irresponsibili ty” hasbeen made repeatedly .

Now that we know that AIDS can be transmi t tedthrough heterosexual intercourse as well

,al though

apparent ly not as efficient ly or rapidly, there i sincreas ing concern among sexual ly active people thatthey may be betrayed in thei r mos t intimate moment s .This connection with intimacy and sexuali ty amplifiesour anxiet ies and creates apprehens ions that one sexualact may bring a l ifetime of pollution and ul timatelydeath .

In the late 2oth century we have come to -be l ieve thatlarge-scale epidemics are almost a thing of the pas t . Thepolio

'

panics of the first half of the cen tury have recededfar into our collect ive memory and the wrath oftuberculosis

,cholera or diphtheria have become, in

American society at leas t,art ifacts of the pas t .

Contemporary common model s of contagion are

l imi ted to the l ikes of he rpes,chicken pox and

hepati ti s . Suddenly in the early 1 980s we encounterAIDS

,which i s contagious but apparently in a very

specific way , and fear of contagion erupts almostwi thout limit s . If l it t le were known about a disease ’stransmission

,we could expect widespread

apprehensions about contagion . Curiously,however

,a

great deal i s known about the t ransmission of AIDS

it appears to be t ransmitted only through the exchangeof bodily fluids and in no cases through any k ind ofcasual contact . In fact

,compared to other contagious

di seases i t has a relative ly low infectivi ty .

To add to our sense of unease,we l ive in a soc ie ty

where we expect medicine to protect us from deadlycontagious di seases

,if not by vaccine

,then by public

heal th inte rvent ion . And when medicine doesn ’t dothis

,we feel we must rely on our own devices to

protect ourse lves and our loved ones . Contagion ,even

of minor di sorders,can engender irrat ional respon ses . A

couple of years ago my then five -year-old daughter wasexposed to a playmate who came down with thechicken pox. A good friend ofmine

,who happens to be

a pediatrician,did not want his four-year-old to ride in

the car wi th my daughter to gymnastics class, eventhough he knew medically that she could not yet beinfectious . He jus t did not want to take any chance s .And so i t i s with us : our reaction to contagion i s notalways rat ional .

With AIDS,of course, the s i tuat ion i s much worse .

When we read in the newspaper s that the AIDS v irushas been found in sal iva or tears

,al though only

occasionally,we imagine in our common sense germ

theory” model s of contagion that we could catch AIDSin this manner . Reports that no t ransmis s ion has everOccurred in thi s fashion become secondary . The publicat ti tudes seem to be that exposure to HIV condemnsone to the di sease .

While AIDS is contagious , so i s the fear and s tigma .

Fami lies of people wi th HIV-infections can bedevastated

,the taint of AID S spreading to them through

a”courtesy s tigma

,

” described by sociologi st ErvingGoffman . Family member s are shunned and i solated byformer friends and colleagues for fear that they toomight bring contagion .

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Robert C . Hun t . associa te p rofessorof an thropology . has been at

Brandeis since 1 96 9 . He receivedhis B A . from Hamilton College ,

his MA . from the Universi ty of

Ch icago and his Ph D . fromNorthwes tern University . Beforecoming to Brandeis he taugh t a tNorthwestern University and the

University of Illinois a t Ch icago .

He has conducted field research in

Mexico , Spain, Egyp t and India .

and consulted for the US . Agency

for Interna tional Development and

the World Bank. He is the authorof a number of books and articleson social organiza tion , economicanthropology and the social

organiza tion of irrigatedagriculture and lec tures nationally

on the A swan High Dam .

GOD S

by Robert C . Hunt

Eve rybody knows,special i s t and

layman al ike,that the Aswan High

Dam,in operation s ince 1 964, has

caused a great deal ofenvironmental damage along theNi le R iver

,which i t span s .

Reference s to th i s ” fact ” have beenpublished in national newsmagazines and monographs s ince i tscon s truction

,and thi s bel ief has

become part of the conventionalwisdom of the Wes t . Theconclusion that most of the publichas drawn from this fact ” is thatmas s ive intervention in nature wi thbig technology is likely to do moreharm than good

,especially in the

Third World .

When I visi ted Egypt in the springof 1 984 to s tudy the socialorganization of irrigated agricul ture(my special ty ), I ful ly expected to see

evidence of environmentaldegradation . Having lived andworked in Mexico

,and done some

field work in the United S tates andSpain

,1 was already acquainted wi th

the problems that often accompanyintensive agriculture in aridcl imates . But to my vast surpri sewhat I beheld in Egyp t , in threedifferent rural locat ions, was richfarmland growing heal thy crops— a

picture of ferti li ty .

I am an anthropologi s t, not anagronomi s t

,so I did not trust my

eyes to lead me to scient ificconclus ions . Rather

,upon my

re turn to the Uni ted State s , Iundertook a sys temat ic search forwritten information on the

condition of Egyp tian agriculture,paying special at tent ion to thosekinds of envi ronmental degradationthat are supposed to resul t fromlarge dam s in arid lands . The result sof thi s research were startling : Ifound no evidence forenvi ronmental degradat ion of the

old agricul tural lands in Egypt . AfterI had absorbed thi s revelation

,two

compell ing quest ions arose : firs t,if

there i s no evidence for degradat ion,

why do so many people believe inthe damage

? And second,given the

aridi ty of the area,why has there

not been degradation ? The sefindings

,and thei r implicat ion s

,

cons ti tute tell ing les son s on the

need to be more probing inevaluating the impact of technology .

It i s not unreasonable for people tosuspect damage from the HighDarn

,i f they rely on certain theorie s

or logical as sumptions . Egyp t i s anarid land that receives on the

average about one inch of rain a

year : the sun shines nearly eve ryday . Furthermore

,i t is in the middle

of a vast de sert,so i t i s intensely

hot . The N i le R iver floods in Julyand August and recedes in the fal l

,

reaching the lowes t point in latespring . Unti l the 1 9 th cen tury

,N i le

agricul ture was based on bui ldingd ike s around very large bas in s

,

capturing the flood waters behindthese dikes and then planting c ropson the wet soil after the floodwaters receded . As a con sequenceonly one crop was grown during theyear .

The Aswan High Dam,however

,

provide s over-year s torage of wateron the N ile

,thus permit t ing

perennial irrigation of the wholevalley every year . Wi th thi s yearround use of i rrigation

,in theory ,

there should be four main damagingeffect s on the old agricultural lands :waterlogging of the soil, sal inizat ionof the soil

,an increase in the

parasit ic di sease,schis tosomias i s

,

and a drop in soil ferti li ty .

Waterlogging is a problem becausethe root s of most crops ( such aswheat

,maize

,barley

,tomatoe s

,

onion s ) acquire thei r oxygen fromair in the soil . If the water table i stoo high

,the water will disp lace air

in the soi l spaces,and plant growth

wi ll be dim ini shed . S ince a highwater table goe s hand-in -hand withperennial irrigation

,the re i s eve ry

reason to expect waterlogging tooccur .

The Aswan High Dam

30

Schisto som ias i s i s a disease causedby a paras ite that spends part of i t slife cycle in human s and the otherpart in fresh water snai l s . It entersthe human body through theunbroken skin

,m igrates to various

organs and in extreme cases dOesdamage to the l i ver and spleen . At

one stage the paras i te leaves thehuman by means of urine/feces, andthen swims to i t s other home

,a

snai l . The snai l s need s low-moving,

fresh water to l ive,and the parasi te

requires water to swim from the

snai l to man . Year- roundagricul ture

,with many i rrigation

ditches holding water most if not allof the year

,provides an excellent

envi ronment for schi s tosomias i s,so

there i s every reason to expect tofind the incidence of paras i teinfestat ion increasing in Egypt .

The Nile in a

panoramic view

With these theories or as sumptionsin m ind

,a j ournal i s t named Claire

Sterling and a biologi s t namedWi ll iam van der Schal ie publi shedaccounts in the early 1 9703claiming subs tant ial environmentaldamage due to the building of theHigh Dam . Their publications hadan immediate influence on Westernevaluation of the technology .

In contras t,my search of the

l ite rature has turned up measuresfor soil salini ty and schis tosomiasisthat occur both before and after theconstruct ion of the dam . In bothcases there i s good evidence thatconditions after the dam are bet terthan they were before .

1 used two s tudies of soi l qual itydone by Egyptian sc ienti s ts in the

northern part of the Ni le De lta thatbracket the construct ion of the HighDam . Between the early 1 9503, andthe mid- 1 9703 , the s tudies showthere was a 1 50 percent increase inthe second-be st type soil, and thisimprovement was due mainly to the

reduction of salt . (Soil s are j udgedaccording to six types from bes t towo rs t . ) This evidence argues thatso il conditions have improved sincethe dam ’s cons truct ion

,no t

deteriorated .

Mos t people bel ieve that thefert il i ty of the Ni le Valley is due tothe s ilt that comes wi th the flood . If

the s il t were wi thh e ld from the

land,the reasoning goes

,ferti lity

ought to decrease . There i s reasonto expec t a drop in ferti li ty in the

Ni le .

The claims of environmentaldamage to the old agricultural landsof Egyp t are very weak . In order todemons t rate that damage (orimprovement ) has occurred,observers must use measures of theenvi ronment from both before and

after the innovation . In the earlyaccounts by S terl ing and van der

Schal ie and subsequent publicat ionsby other s claim ing damage due tothe High Darn

,no one has presented

any evidence at all. On this groundalone the claims of damage are

suspect .

As a measure for schi s tosomias i s,I

examined the re sult s of anAmerican-Egyptian study team thatconducted a survey of thedi stribution and intensi ty ofinfections from various paras ites inEgyp t in the mid- 19703 . The teampubli shed a monograph on thei rfindings in which they reviewprevious s tudies from 1 937

,1 952

and 1 967 and then reported on the

one they conducted . Theydeliberate ly used the same samplingmethods and the same diagnosticmethods as the earl ier s tudie s

,

testing the hypotheses that the H ighDam was responsible for an increasein schistosomiasi s . What they foundwas a s teady decrease in the

incidence of the di sease from 1 937 .

They conclude that the H igh Darnhas to be re jected as a cause ofincrease of schistosomias i s

,a

conclusion which runs,once again

,

contrary to theory .

To inves tigate the problem of

waterlogging,I could find no

evidence that measures the he ightof the water table before and afterthe High Dam . We have to conc ludethat we do not know what hashappened with respect towaterlogging .

Unders tanding soil ferti li ty,on the

other hand,pre sent s a different

challenge . Un like the other threecondition s

,there i s no theory we

can use to analyze the fert i lity ofthe soil . The bel ief that ferti lity ofthe Ni le val ley i s due to the sil t i sbased only on a commonas sumption : there i s no s inglegeneral measure for soil fertility,and there are no measures of soilfertili ty done before and after theintroduction of the High Darn .

However,a number of indice s seem

The Nile at Aswan

with felucca

to point to a ri se in agriculturalproductivi ty in Egyp t s ince thecon s truction of the dam

,whereas

the general pos it ion on s il t wouldseem to predict a decline of

agricul tural productivi ty . Wi th noappropriate evidence

,i t is premature

to argue that the High Dam hasnegatively affected soi l fert ili ty .

At thi s point i t should be clear thatthe general posit ion on damagecaused by the High Dam i s notsupported

,and i s even refuted in

one well - s tudied case . We are led,

then,to two i s sues .

Firs t,how do we account for the

widely held bel ief in the damage ifthere i s li t tle or no evidence for i t ?Several answers can be sugges ted .

There i s a s trong tendency,at leas t

on the part of technologicalpess imis t s

,to bel ieve that

technology i s bad,and the larger

and more intrus ive the technologythe worse i t i s . ”

Smal l i s Beautifuland

”Appropriate Technology” are

the flash words for thi s pos i tion .

Since the High Dam is huge,

caus ing considerable changes in the

environment,one m ight leap to the

conclus ion that i t has causeddegradation of the envi ronment .And

,the dam was bui l t by the

Rus sians (after the then-Secretary ofS tate John Foster Dul les andPresident Dwight Ei senhowerdecided i t was no t in the be s tinterest s of the Uni ted S tates tosupport the project ) . It i s p robablycomfort ing for many Americans tobel ieve that anything built by theRussian s causes problems .Furthermore

,the dam i s Operated by

the Egyp tians . S ince mos tWesterners bel ieve that Third Worldnations handle technology ineptly,

i t i s easy to as sume that the HighDam i s indeed managed poorly . I

remember i t being said in 1 956 thatthe Egyptian s would never be ableto manage the Suez Canal wi thoutEuropean guidance . As t ime has

shown,this position i s seriously in

error : the Canal has beensucces sful ly run by Egyp tians fordecade s . That example should provethat poorer countries are capable of

adopting new technology ratherquickly

,and are qui te competent at

managing it . Final ly, Egypt andIsrael have long been in conflict ,and this may affect the vi sion of

Am ericans,who general ly are pro

Israel i .

Another issue may hold anexplanation for the apparent lack ofdamage . There are theoreticalgrounds as we have seen forexpecting environmental damagefrom the High Darn . Are the

theories wrong or i s Egyptiansociety adapting to the innovat ivetechnology in ways that are worthknowing about ? Bas ical ly

,the

theories are correct,but the

Egyp tian authori ties and the farmershave been adjusting succes sfully tothe si tuation for at leas t 1 00 years .This supports a bel ief in the

invent iveness and res ilience of

human ingenuity and adaptabili ty .

The effort to achieve control overthe Ni le waters has a very long andrelevant his tory . Until the conque s tof Egypt by Napoleon in 1 798

,there

was very li tt le i rrigat ion in Egypt,

and agriculture bas ical ly wasl imi ted to the winter post -floodseason . The water table fel l duringthe hot dry summer months

,and

the flood leached out any salt s thatmight have accumulated . The maj orexport crop was wheat

,sown in the

fall,harves ted in the spring and

exported to the O t toman Empire .

Wi th conques t by the French,there

was a s trong interes t in summermomfor the European market ,particularly sugar and cotton . But

sugar requi res a great deal ofwater,

and has to be grown during thesummer

,when the river was at i t s

annual minimum . To solve thi sproblem a serie s of engineeringworks were carr ied on from about1 820 to 1 950 . By 1 880, a sys tem of

perennial i rrigation was operat ive,a

fact few analys t s are aware of. By1 950 approximately 80 percent ofEgyp tian farmland already hadperennial i rrigation .

SirWi ll iam Wil lcocks was one of

the premier irrigation speciali s t s atthe turn of the century

,wi th vas t

and detai led experience in Egyp t andMesopotam ia . He reported in 1 889that waterlogging and salinity wereserious problems

,due to the shift to

perenn ial i rrigation . He said that theins tal lation of a combinat ion of

drains,and below-grade de l ivery

canal s would solve waterlogging andsal ini ty . Both were ins ti tuted

,and

solved the waterlogging andsalinizat ion problems of the day,and are s t ill doing so today . In the

Egyp tian case ,i t appear s that the

theory i s correct,in that

environmental damage had indeed

occurred but that effective solutionswere found as early as the 1 8903 tocounterac t degradation .

The theory that s chi s tosomiasi s hasa good chance of increasing withperennial irrigation i s correct . It isno t clear why the problem has beenreduced in Egyp t, al though almostcertainly educat ional campaigns andmodern medicine account for some

of the difference . Probably theintroduction of potable water toevery part of the count rys ide als ohas had a positive effect .

Unders tanding the soil fert ility ofthe Nile

,as I suggested previous ly,

presents a murkier s tory . The solidmatter in the N i le flood containsonly a small amount of phosphorus

,

and vi rtual ly none of the cri ticalelement

,ni trogen . The vas t bulk of

the s i lt comes from the s lopes ofEthiopia

,and i s composed mainly of

aluminum,which has no effect on

soil fertil ity . Contrary to commonbelief

,we do not seem to have

either an explanation of N i le s oi lfertil ity, or a clue as to what shouldhave happened as a resul t of theDam .

My speculation i s that theundoubted ferti lity of the N ilevalley is due to another set offactors al together— the

catt le-alfalfa-grain agri culturalsystem

,a process that has been in

effect for millennia and continue stoday . Ni le val ley agricul ture hasused catt le as draft animals s ince at

leas t the Firs t Dynasty in 3 100 BC .

Cattle require con siderable amount sof feed

,and are rather fus sy eater s .

Cat tledo s tand hot,dry weather

rather we ll . But,in Egypt one can

not send catt le out into the desertto feed during mos t of the year .Somehow

,then

,the cat tle must be

fed by plant s grown in the narrowwet part of the valley . The obvioussolution i s a ni trogen fixing crop forcattle feed

,and rotat ing the cat tle

feed with the grain ,thereby

providing nitrogen for grain and

food for catt le, who in turn providetraction and milk for humans . Inaddition

,the catt le manure

,if

compos ted,makes an admirable

fertil izer for the fields .

My point about the legume-cat tlemanure-grain sys tems is speculationat thi s point . But in the absence of

convincing data and theory on the

fertil ity of the s i l t,and in the

presence of an apparently plausibleal ternative hypothes i s to explainover years of undoubtedferti li ty

,i t seem s to me that a

reasonable route of investigation i sopened up .

While we humans often degrade ourenvi ronment with technology, wehave sometimes been remarkablyeffective at cleaning up the me s s .As we s tudy the Egyp t ian case wi than open mind

,we are rem inded that

there i s reason to be optimis ticabout the future .

Bookshelf

Facul ty

Consciousness and theComputat ional Mind

Ray Jackendoff, professorof linguistics

The MIT Press

Jackendoff examines one ofthe fundamental issues incogn i tive psychology : howdoes our consciousexperience come to be the

way i t is ? To probe thisquestion, Jackendoff firstdescribes and contrasts thephenomenologicalmindthe mind as the locus ofconsciousness and the

computa tionalmindthe mind as informat ionprocessor . He argues thatto thedegree that thephenomenological mindcan be explained

,i t should

be explained in terms ofthe computat ional mind .He proceeds to exam ine a

number of specific theori esof consciousness andarrives at an ”

in termedi atelevel theory

,showing that

i t accounts formanysimple fac ts of experience,and at the same t ime putsa number of venerablephilosophical problems ona more empirical basis . Indevelopment of theintermediate level theory

,

the book explores thelinguist ic , v isual andmusical facul ties of themind .

Neuromodulation

Irwin B . Levi tan,professor

of biochemis try andLeonard K . Kaczmarek

,eds .

Oxford Univers i ty Press

Neuromodulation refers todiscrete changes in the

chemical and e lectricalproperties of nerve cellschanges that play a keyrole in the cells ’ execut ionof assigned func tionswi thin the nervous system .

This introductory text onthe general principles of

F

n w in s t""W S W with

neuromodulation presentsfindings from the fields ofbiochemistry andneurophysiology in a

manner that is accessibleto s tudents and researchersfrom both discip lines . Thepart icular focus of the textis on the properties of ionchanne ls and biochemicalmechanisms of proteinphosphorylation. Some

examples inc luded are themodulation of potass iumand calcium currents andhow such modulat ional ters the l i festyle of a cell

,

the regulation of

neurotransmi t ter releaseand selected examples ofregu latory processes in the

mammalian brain .

Fronteras

Nancy Levy-Konesky,lecturer in Spanish

Hol t, Rinehart andWinston

A three-book packageconsist ingof a coregrammar text

,a

literary/cultural companionand a workbook/laboratorymanual, Fron teras is aprogram for intermediatelevel co llege Span ishcourses that is designed todeve lop proficiency in the

language . Toge ther, thetexts provide review and

strengtheningof thegrammar foundation

,

sharpeningof reading,wri t ingand conversationalski lls and a samplingofHispanic culture andl i terature coordinated wi ththe fundamental lessons .Although designed as apackage, the componentscan be used individually

,

as well .

The MitterrandExperiment

George Ross , HilquitProfessor of Labor andSocial Thought, wi thS tanley Hoffmann

, SylviaMalzachar

,eds .

Oxford Universi ty Press

This co l lection of essaysexposes the successes andfai lures ofMi t terrand ’sSoc ialis t government inFrance . The authors re jectas too s implistic the Left ’sc laim of betrayal by ’

pro

capital is t forces ’

and the

Right ’s dismissal of theexperimen t as anotherexample of socialistgovernment incompe tence .

These internat ional expertsoffer analysis of a broadrange of topics, including:the macroeconomicpolic ies of the Left, thepol i t ics of the privatesector

,the Left and the

media an d the posi t ion of

Left intel lectuals . Thecol lect ion wil l i lluminatethis cri tical moment inFrench development

,and

wil l be of interest tos tudents of Europeanstudies

,international

poli tics and econom ics .

Worker Participation and

the Poli tics of Reform

Carmen S irianni , v isi tingassociate professor ofsoc io logy, ed.

Temple Univers i ty Press

environment . The scope ofreforms examined rangesfrom North andWestEurope

,the Uni ted S tates

and Japan to Eas t Europeand China and lessdeveloped countries inLat in America and theCarribean .

American Government:

Readings and Cases . ninthedit ion

Peter Wol l , professor ofpol i tics

L i ttle,Brown and

Company

This volume of essayspresents the latest researchon worker partic ipat ion byleadingexperts in the field .In the analyses ofparticipatory and Quali tyofWorklife programs,several issues emerge : theimpac t of new technology,changingski l ls and thelabor process

,union power,

gender and work t ime

innovation . The authorsexamine managerial , unionand government strategiesas part of the poli tics ofreform

,both at the level of

the workplace and at thebroader leve l of industrialrelations and poli tical

As in previous edit ions,

this col lect ion of classicand contemporary readingsil lustrates importan tissues

,concepts and

current practices inAmerican Government .Some of the areas coveredin this edi tion are : c ivi lliberties and c ivi l righ ts ,poli tical campaigning, themedia and pol i ticalconsul tants ; the powers,respons ibi li ties andl imi tations of thepresidency ; the role,powers and function of

Congress ; and the Supreme

Court and the role of thejudiciary . In the traditionof previous edi tions, thistext includes key readingsfrom The Federalis t andpresents relevan t Supreme

Court cases . New in the

nin th edi tion are a numberof articles by topjournal ists

,bringinga fresh

outlook to such topics asthe power of po l i ticalconsul tants

,influence

peddlingin Washingtonand the pol iticalenvironment of Capi tolHil l .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

J . Ann Tickner, PhD .

’

83

Columbia Univers ity Press

B iography” at the

Soc iologists forWomen in

Soc iety meetingof theAmerican Socio logicalAssociation . She gave theOpen ingaddress of theMedi terraneanWomen

’sS tudies Assoc iation(MWSAJ

’

s“conference

,

Rural Women and

Technology in the

Medi terranean,

” jo in tlysponsored by UNESCO .

She was also an invi tedconsul tant to assist MWSAin the development of apedagogy for theirinternational andcross-cul tural program.

Otti lie Springer Professorof History

,lectured on

Diplomatic Res istance toJewish Nationalism

,1 9 14

1 920”at the Seminar in

International H istory atWorcester Col lege, Oxford,and presented "FromVoluntarism to

Col lectivism,1 88 5 - 1924 :

Quandary forConservatives at St .

John ’s Col lege, Oxford . Healso gave an address onEdwin Mon tagu to the

Jewish Historical Soc iety ofEngland .

Substi tuted Benzenes andPhenols as ReversibleInh ibitors ofAcetylchol inesterase : Po lar,Trimethyl and SynergisticEffects” in BioorganicChemis try . Otherpublications include :Reduction of Crystal Violetby Diphenylketyl Radicalsin the Journal of theAmerican ChemicalSociety andPhotoreduction of

Benzophenone byAcetoni trile : Corre lation of

Rates ofHydrogenAbstraction from RH wi ththe Ionization Potentials ofthe Radicals R,

”in The

Journal of PhysicalChemis try . He isco—inven-tor on a recentpatent application,

B iological D iagnostic AssaySystem.

”

associate professor ofsociology, presented papersat the meetings of theAmerican Soc iologicalAssociation and RutgersUnivers i ty ’s ColloquiumSeries from his research onworksite health promot ion .

He recently has publishedAmerican C ircumcisionPrac tices and SocialReali ty” in Sociology andSocial Research ,

coauthored wi th JayBrodbar-Nemzer and Shel lyTenenbaum .

adjunct associate professorof chemistry, rece ived theJust ice Louis D . BrandeisPri ze for Exce l lence inTeaching, awarded yearlyby the Universi ty

,at the

second annual Founders ’Day celebrat ion.

a .

‘J sf c' ln

professor of chemis try,

gave invi ted talks onchemical osc i l lationsresearch at DartmouthCollege, at the NationalIns ti tutes of Health

,at

Schlumberger-Do llResearch and at theinternational meetingonSpat ial Inhomogenei tiesand Tran sient Behavior inChemical Kinetics” inBrussels

,Belgium .

Louis and Bessie RosenfieldProfessor of B iochemistry,lec tured at threeinternational meetings .He deliveredThe Use of C ircularDichroism to Evaluate theConformat ion of

Polypeptides and Pro teinsat the Second lntemational

Conference on C ircularDichroism in Budapest,L inear and Cyclic B-Tumsat the Ninth lntemational

B iophys ics Congress inJerusalem and

A Cri tique of the U ti l ity ofthe Prediction of ProteinSecondary S tructure"at theXVIII Yugoslav B iophysicalSymposium in Kapoanik,

Yugos lavia . His art iclePrediction of ProteinConformation

,coauthored

wi th P .Y . Chou,has been

chosen as 3 C i tat ionC lassic ” by the Sc ienceCi tation Index of The

article,published in

Biochemis try 1 3 ,was ci ted

in over publications,

making i t the most ci tedpaper for this journal .

Meyer andWal ter JaffeProfessor of AmericanC ivil ization and Poli tics

,

was the lead-off expertwi tness testifyingbeforthe Senate Subcommi t teeon Immigration inconnection wi th a bil ldealingwi th legal

immigrat ion . He gave alecture

,Re ligion and

American Pol i tics, ” at a

public forum at the J P.

Kenn edy L ibrary . Hisreview essay on a threevolume

,annotated

bibliography of the field ofAmerican studies appearedin the win ter issue of

American Quarterly .

Martin GibbsAbraham S . and GertrudeBurgProfessor in LifeSciences

,was honored at a

sympos ium of formerstudents and researchassociates at the Ameri can

Society of P lan tPhys io logists annualmeetingin S t . Louis . Hewas recognized for 25 yearsof service as chief edi tor ofPlan t Physiology .

associate professor ofanthropology, recentlypublished two articles

,

Canal Irrigation in Egyp t :Common PropertyManagement ” inProceedings of theConference on Common

Property ResourceManagement andAgricul tural Ecology : TheImpac t of the Aswan HighDam Reconsidered” inCulture and AgricultureIn Sri Lanka, he presenteda paper

,

”OrganizationalControl over Water : ThePosi tive Identification of a

Social Constraint onFarmer Participation,

and

lectured on ”Expanding

Our UnderstandingofLarge BureaucraticIrrigation Systems” at the

International Irrigat ionManagement Insti tute . He

gave two lec tures at theUniversi ty ofMaine at

Orono : ”Economic

Deve lopment andEnvironmental Damage :

The Aswan High DamReconsidered"and ”

Applesand Oranges : So lvingforEquivalence .

ay Jackendot.professor of l inguist ics, wasvisi tingprofessor ofl inguistics at theUniversi ty of Arizonaduringspringsemester198 7 . He gave invi tedlectures at the Berke ley

t r u t h.wprofessor of chemis try

,

spent three weeks in the

People ’s Republic of China,lecturingat and vi si tingvarious univers i ties andinsti tutes . He lectured onThe Infrared LaserInduced React ions of

Norm evinassoc iate professor ofphysical education,

was

renewed as a member ofthe Nike ShoeCorporation’s CoachesAdvisory Board . Hedesigned Sho t and Discus’

88 a new competi tive

L inguistics Soc iety atUCLA

,and a conference on

The Computer and theBrain at Arizona StateUniversi ty . He publ ishedseveral art ic les : ”

X-Bar

Semantics” in the

Proceedings of theBerkeley Linguis ticsSociety . ”

The Status ofThematic Relations inL inguistic Theory” inLinguis tic Theory ; andOn Beyond Zebra: TheRe lat ion of L inguist ic andVisual Information in

Cognition .

Albert V . DanielsonProfessor of Philosophy andChristian Thought, was

honored as a DistinguishedAlumnus by QueensCo llege of the C i tyUnivers i ty ofNew York, ati ts Homecoming. He was

also honored forDis t inguished AcademicAchievement ” by theUniversi ty of Lund ,Sweden, at an HonorsColloquium .

professor of French,presented a paper,Edmond Jabes : Unprophétisme sans Dieu,

at

the internationalsymposium on the

Egyptian-bom FrenchJewish wri ter held atCerisy

,Normandy . Two

previous ly published workshave received recentattention : “Myst ic ism and

Despair in Abraham J .Heschel

'

s Re ligiousThought ” was published inSpanish translation in the

Argentine journal ,Mai

'

shavot/Pensamien tos ;and his first book ,Michele t

’

s Poetic Vision :A Roman tic Philosophy ofNature , Man and Woman ,

was be latedly reviewed inthe Pari s history journal,Revue his torique .

Hexafluorobenzene and

Selected Hydrides, on

Nonbonded Interactions inCyCIOphane Cavi ties andTheir Effect on S train and

Reactivi ty” and on

The Syn thesis ofTri—OThymotide Analogs : New

Hosts for C lathration”in

Bei j ing, Zhengzhou,Hefei

,

Hangzhou,Dalian and

Shanghai . He was awardeda Fulbright Fe llowship forlec ture and s tudy inYugoslavia, where he willbe givinga course in ”

The

Syn thesis ofNon-naturallyOccurringCompounds” at

the Rudjer BoskovicInstitute in Zagreb, as wellas lecturingin Belgrade andL jubljana .

l-f"olsski-Ostrow

lec turer wi th the rank of

assistant professor ofclass ics

,del ivered a lecture,

Bathingat Pompeii : New

Evidence for Patrons,Proprie tors andProsti tutes” at Bos tonCollege . She participated ina special session on the

archaeology of Roman

Campania at the annual

joint meetings of theArchaeological In st i tute ofAmeri ca and the AmericanPhilological Association inNew York C i ty .evin S . Larsen

ass istan t professor ofSpanish and comparativel i terature

,presented a

paper, ”Gabriel Miroand

José Ingenieros, ” at the

conference of the Societyfor L i terature and Scienceat Worcester PolytechnicInst itute . He has publishedLa c iencia aplicada: Gabrie lMiro

,Alfred B inet y el

fe tichi smo”in Bulle tin

Hispanique . His review of

Roberta L . Johnson ’s E1 sery la palabra en GabrielMi ro appeared in Hispania .

throwingshoe . He gave aclin ic at the T.A .C .

national championships inSan Jose on ”Use of LongerIntervals in Train ingforCross Coun try and Track .

A vigclor Levy

associate professor ofNearEastern and Judaic studies,published his article, ”

The

Resurgence of the Ottoman

Sul tanate, 1 808—1 8 1 2”in

the Turkish journal ofpopular history, Tarib ve

Toplum .

Lydian St : : n_

artists-in-residence inmusic, were featured guestartists duringAmericanMusic Week at the Fest ivalofNew American Mus icheld at Cal ifornia S tateUnivers i ty

, Sacramento.

The Quartet played worksby John Harbison

,Charles

Wuorinen,IrvingFine and

S teven Mackey,PhD .

’

85 .

The Lydians were alsoheard on ”MomingProMus ica” onWGBH Radioin a celebration of

American Mus ic Week .

David LI“:

assistant professor ofc inematography, presentedhis paper

,

”The G igan tic

Text : Cri tical Paths to theTe levision Series

,at the

Center for TwentiethCentury S tudies,Universi ty ofWiscons in at

Mi lwaukee . He is visi tingprofessor duringspringsemester at the AnnenbergSchool ofCommunications

,

Universi ty of SouthernCalifornia.

lecturer in African and

Afro-American studies,

contributed a new prefaceto a centennial edi tion of

The Philosophy andOpin ions ofMarcusGarvey . As a Garveyscholar

,he del ivered

several lectures incommemorat ion of

Garvey ’s 1 00 th birthday,both in the Uni ted S tatesand abroad ; contri butedtwo commissioned articlesto 3 Marcus Garvey issueof Jamaica Journal; andtestified as an expertwi tness before the House

Subcommi t tee on CriminalJustice . At issue was a bi llto have Garvey cleared ofcriminal charges imposedon him in 1 923 .

assis tant professor ofRomance and comparativel i terature, published ”

The

Diss ident Pol i tics of TelQuel in L

'

Esprit

Createur. She was an

invi ted speaker at the FifthForum on FrancophoneAfrican L i terature andCul ture held at TempleUnivers i ty

,where she

spoke on ”Salutary Doubts

in the Convictions ofC ivil ization . She alsopresented a paper onMoroccan Francophonel i terature at the TwelfthAnnual Conference of theAfrican Li teratureAssociation held at CornellUniversi ty .

associate professor ofpoli tics, has been awarded3 Helen Homans G ilbertPri ze Lectureship byHarvard Universi ty .

Julio Ortegaprofessor of LatinAmerican and comparat ivel i terature

,taught a m in i

serninar on”Cul tural

Interpretation of L i teraryTexts” at the Departmentof Span ish and SpanishAmeri can Studies of theUniversi ty of London

,

King's Col lege . He alsolectured on "Cul ture andModernization in LatinAmerica”

at the LatinAmerican S tudies Center(Universi ty of London Jandpresented papers at theunivers i ties of Oxford andWarwick . He editedAn tologia de la poesiahispanoamericana ac tual,published ”

Toledan Se l fPortrai t

,

”a poem

,in

Sulfur ; and translated, wi thC laudia E ll iot t

, GuyDavenport ’s short s tory

,

Lo Splendore della Luce aBologna, in Vuelta . His

book, Poe tics of Change ,

The New Spanish

American Narra tive, isbeingreleased inpaperback .

professor of AmericanJewish communal studiesand direc tor of theHomstein Program,

announced the publ icationof To Build a Profession :Careers in JewishEduca tion . The book wasedited by Joseph Reimer,ass istan t professor in the

Homstein Program .

Included are chapters byReisman ; Susan Shevi tz ,lecturer in Jewisheducation ; Marv in Fox,Phil ip W. Lown Professorof Jewish Phi losophy and

I o as A or'

s

Morris Hillquit Professor ofLabor and Social Thought,coedited Con temporaryFrance : An AnnualReview wi th JolyonHoworth .

dean of the col lege and

associate professor ofmusic

,at tended the

Fourteenth In ternationalMus icological Socie ty inBologna where sheparticipated in the

roundtable on the

production and

dissemination ofmusicin the 1 6th and 1 7thcenturies .

Mayer and Jenn ie Weisman

Professor of Jewish History ,spent the academic year1 986-87 at the Insti tute forAdvanced S tudies of theHebrew Un iversi ty ofJerusalem as a member of aresearch group devoted toSephardic Jewishcommuni ties after theexpulsion of 1 492 . He

recen tly published ”The

Rel igious, Economic andSocial Background andContext of theEs tablishment of theGhe tto of Venice in Gli

Ebrei e Venezia and

MoneylendinginSeventeenth Cen turyJewish VernacularApologetica”

in JewishThough t in the

Seven teenth Cen tury . Healso edited a volume of

col lected essays enti tledIsrael: The Ever-DyingPeople , on the S tate ofIsrael and the Diaspora byhis late father

,S imon

Rawidowicz,former Philip

Lown Professor of JewishPhilosophy and HebrewL i terature and firstchairman of the

Department ofNear

Eastern and Judaic S tudies .

director of the LownSchool ; andWal terAckerman of Ben-GurionUniversi ty . The book is anoutgrowth of a conferenceon Jewish Educationsponsored by the Homstein

Program in col laborat ionwi th several leadingorganizations concernedwi th Jewish education inNorth America .

I I c 1 0

professor of physicaleducation

,received a

medal for outstandingcontribut ion to the WorldUniversi ty SportsMovement from the

ln temational SportsFederation in Zagreb,Yugos lavia . He is the onlyAmerican ever to receivethis award .

Charles A . BreskinProfessor of Chemistry

,

presented a talk at theGordon ResearchConference onOrganometall ic Chemistryon

”The Absolute

Configurations of Some

Vinyl Ether-IronComplexes and 3 SuggestedCorre lation of S tructurewi th Circular D ichroismSpectra.

”

assistant professor in the

Homstein Program,

coauthored an article wi thProfessor Walter Ackerman

of Ben-Gurion Univers ityent i tled ”

TALI : A New

Al ternative in Israel iEducation

,which

appeared in Conserva tiveJuda ism. He has joined theProfessional AdvisoryCommi ttee of the Wi ll iamPetschek National JewishFamily Center of theAmerican JewishCommi ttee . He served asscholar-in-residence at

Temple Beth-El inHol lywood, Florida, andlec tured in several Jewishcommunal insti tutions inthe Bos ton area and in

Rochester, New York .

Carmen Sirianniv is i t ingassociate professorof sociology, edi ted acol lection,

WorkerParticipa tion and the

Politics of Reform , in

which his essay,

"WorkerPart icipation in the LateTwentieth Century, ” alsoappeared . His essay,Economies of Time in

Social Theory : ThreeApproaches Compared,appeared in Curren tPerspectives inSociological Theory . Heorgan ized two sess ions onthe sociology of theworkplace at the annualmeetings of the AmericanSociological Association inChicago, and presented apaper

,

”D ilemmas of

Flexibi li ty : The Problem of

Work time Innovation .

”At

the lntemational

Conference on Inequali tyand Development, in SaltLake Ci ty

,he del ivered a

paper,

”WorkerPartic ipation and

Technology Bargaining. A

Comparative Analysis . He

presented a paper,

Feminist Theory"andGendered Time, ” at the

Eastern SociologicalAssociation annual

meetings in Boston . He

serves on the EGOS AwardCommi ttee of the Sect ionon Organ izations of theAmerican SociologicalAssociation,

and is cochairof the Labor S tudy Groupof the Center for EuropeanStudies at Harvard

,where

he is a research assoc iate .

Maurice R . S teinprofessor emeri tus of ’

soc io logy, received theRobert and Helen LyndAward for lifelongcontribut ion to communi tysociology at the

Communi ty Section of

the 1 98 7 Meet ings of theAmerican Soc io logical

Association,where he

organized a panel andpresented a paper on the

work of Joseph Bensman .

At the 1 987 meetingofthe Eas tern Soc iologicalSociety he presented apaper on anthropology andcommuni ty s tudies .

Douglas J . S tewartprofessor of c lassical andOriental studi es

,delivered

a paper,

”Euripides

,

Menelaus and the TrojanFiasco

,at the annual

meet ingof the C lassicalAssociation of the Atlan ticS tates in Princeton .

Andreas Teubeiassistan t professor ofphi losophy and his tory ofideas

,received the M ichae l

L . Walzer Award forExcellence in Teaching,awarded yearly by theUniversi ty

,at the second

annual Founders ’ Daycelebration.

Ian A . Toddprofessor of classical andOriental studi es

,recently

completed a sabbatical yearof research on the island ofCyp rus, where he directedan archaeologicalexcavation at the LateBronze Age si te ofKalavasos-AyiosDhimi trios, and gave threepublic lectures . He edi tedand contributed to TheBronze Age Ceme tery inKalavasos Village, and has

a further volume in pressconcern ingthe excavationsat the Neol i thic si te ofTenta. He was e lected aFe llow of the Society ofAn t iquaries of London .

Kurt H . Wolffprofessor emeri tus of socialrelations

,read a paper,

Sociology?” at the

Universi ty ofNewHampshire and at HarvardUniversi ty . The paper waspublished in Social Theoryand Social Criticism :

Essays for Tom Bottomore.

He also published ”FromBeg

’

nningto Irony, a

review essay onSelf-Reflection in the Artsand Sciences , in

Phenomenology andPedagogy , and Versuch zue inem Karl Wolfskehl

,

”in

Almanach 1 986 .

Les lieZ ebrowitz-Mcru th ' “

professor of psychology,presented a paper,PerceivingCharacter inGai t : The Impact of AgeRelated Gait Quali ties onSocial Perception

,

”at the

Fourth lntemational

Conference on EventPerception and Action inTrieste .

Harry Zohnprofessor of German

,

published articles onRichard Beer-Hofmann and

Stefan Zweigin the S trelkaFes tschrift and S tefanZweigHeute . His bookreviews appeared inJournal of English and

Germanic Philology,World Li tera ture Today,Modern Language Review,

Modern Aus trianLitera ture and ColloquiaGerman ica . At a

symposium of the AustrianPEN C lub in Vienna

,he

presented a paper on the

Anschluss in the

autobiographies of exiledwri ters .

Irv ingK . Zo laprofessor of soc iology, waselected a fe llow of the

American Association forthe Advancemen t ofScience for ”

contri butionsto the s tudy of i llnessbehavior and disabili tymodes of promotingsocialfunct ioningand civil righ tsamongpeople wi thdisabili ties . His recentpublications are :Medicine as an Insti tut ionof Social Contro l” in TheSociology ofHealth and

Illness ;” Problems of

Communication,D iagnosis

and Patien t Care : TheIn terplay of Pat ien t,Phys ician and C l inicOrganization”

in

Encoun ters BetweenPatien ts and Doc tors : AnAn thology , Preface”

in

A ttending toAmericasPersonal

Assis tance ForIndep enden t Living; andThe Portrayal ofD isabil i tyin the Crime MysteryGenre” in Social Policy .

Sanford M . Lot to :director of ContinuingS tudies, and Saul M .

Toa s ter, ProskauerProfessor of Law and SocialWelfare and director of theLegal S tudies Program werehonored as recipients of thesixth-annual BrandeisUniversi ty DistinguishedService Award for the irwork in buildingtheHumanit ies and theProfessions Program.

The awards are given to

recognize contribut ions tothe public good that havegone unrecognized .

Zo'

W. Nlo..oy, Jr.

director of sportsinformat ion,

coedi ted TheSpiri t of Sport : EssaysAbout Sport and Valueswi th Richard C . Adams .

Obituaries

Former vice president fordevelopmen t at Brandeisand recipient of thePres idential Medal ofFreedom,

NathanPerlmutter died of lungcancer in New York thi spast summer at the age of64 . At the tirne of hisdeath he was the nationaldirector of theAn ti -Defamation League ofB

’

nai B ’ri th .

National ly known as one

of the chief spokesmen for

American Jews,

part icular ly on issues ofan tisemi tism,

he was

awarded the Medal ofFreedom by PresidentReagan,

who said Mr.

Perlmutter had ”made i this life work to championhuman dign i ty . ” Histenure at Bran deis from1 969 to 1 973 was mostnotable for the nat ionalexposure he brought to theUniversi ty

,usinghis

con tacts wi th a nationalaudience to introduceBrandeis to areas of thecountry where i t waspreviously unknown .

Homecoming andThird World Reunion

HomecomingWeekend,October 1 6- 1 8

,

brough t over 500 Bran de is a lumni tocampus to rekindle old friendships andexperience the fun of beingon the

Brandei s campus once again . At the

same t ime, more than 1 00 graduatesfrom the C lasses of 1 964 to 1 987 whoare members ofminori ty group sreturned for the firs t Third WorldReunion .

Friday even ts inc luded an afternoonOk toberfes t sponsored by S tudentEvents in the Cas t le Courtyard and anOpen House at the Hiat t CareerDevelopment Cen ter . Alumni at tendingthe Thi rd World Reun ion were greetedat a cock tai l recept ion . In the evening,Woody Al len ’s movie, Radio Days ,

featuringJosh Moste l ’70, preceded theHomecom ingDance in the Lev inBal lroom

,and the A lumni Ice Hockey

Game at Watertown Arena, an addedhighl igh t , s tar ted at pm .

Saturday’s line-up of even ts keptpartic ipan ts of both Homecomingandthe Third World Reun ion goingat ful ls team . The Third World Pol i t icsSeminar showed how many alumn i hadremained commi t ted to po l i t ical issuesover the years . A pane l d iscuss ioninc luded presen tat ions by An drewB i l l ings ley, PhD .

’

64 on”Th ird World

Pol i t ics and the Fam i ly” May JoanLouie ’

72 on” Pol i t ical Empowermen t in

the Uni ted S tates” ,and Thomas

Ranuga, Ph .D .

’

83 on”South Africa. A

l ive ly debate fol lowed as people agreedand disagreed on issues ranging from the

political and econom ic s tatus of black,Hispan ic and As ian people in the C i tyof Bos ton to aparthe id in South Africa.

At noont ime,outdoor barbecues at

Gordon Soccer Field prov ided heartynouri shment for refue l ing” and the

opportun i ty for more conversat ion and

camaraderie .

The day ’s act ion-packed scheduleoffered sports for v iewer and part ic ipan tal ike . There was the opportun i ty tosee the Massachuse t ts Assoc iat ion of

In tercol legiate Ath le t ics forWomen

D iv is ion III tenn is tournament ; theBrande is Judges play Amh ers t Co l legein the HomecomingSoccer Game, and

the coed vol leybal l game . Real ly ge t t inginto the swingof things, alumni vs .alumn i compe ted in a basebal l game

and soccer game .

In the evening, the Homecom ingAwards Recept ion and Dinn er sharedthe spo t l ight wi th the Th ird WorldReunion Dinner and award presen tat ion .

Over 1 00 alumni and s tuden t leadersat tended the Homecomingevent, whichwas he ld at Usdan S tudent Cen ter . JeffGol land ’

6 1 , pres iden t of the A lumniAssociation,

we lcomed the group andpresented the fol lowingawards : theHomecomingAward to S tuart Damon’

58 for his portrayal of Dr. AlanQuart errnaine ofABC

’

s”General

Hospi tal ” Alumn i Serv ice Awards toJudith Yohay G laser ’

59 of LongIslandand Fred Berg ’

77 of Phi lade lphia; andthe Chapter of the Year Award to the

Greater Boston Alumn i Chapter for i tsouts tandingprogrammingandparticipat ion . At the Th ird WorldReun ion Dinner at the Facul ty C lub

,

Andrew B i l lings ley rece ived the SpecialRecogni t ion Award for hi s exce l lence inthe fie ld of educat ion and hiscommi tmen t to the advancemen t ofThird World people . Dr. B i l l ingsley is apro fessor and chair of the Departmen t ofFamily and Commun i ty Deve lopmen tand affi l iate professor of soc io logy andAfro-American s tudies at the Univers i tyofMaryland .

The Third World Reunion Dance,to

which Homecom ingAwards D innerguests were inv i ted , fol lowed the dinnerin the Facul ty Cen ter . Concurrent ly

,in

the S te in was ” Comedy N igh t, ”sponsored by Student Even ts .

Sunday began wi th 3 HomecomingBrunch in the lntemational Lounge of

Usdan S tudent Cen ter . The b runchfeatured S tuart Damon,

who was the

season ’s firs t D is t ingu ished AlumniSpeaker . The final event of the ThirdWorld Reun ion weekend was theFarewe l l Luncheon

,marked by a few

words from Kwabena Akufo ’

77 aboutthe importance of Brande is graduates ’keepingin touch wi th the Univers i tyand wi th each other .

A soccer game at Gordon Soccer Fieldbe tween the Brande is women

’s soccerteam and the Merrimack Co l legewomen

’s team conc luded the weekend .

Lynda Garden '

75 assists Vere Plummer74 with registration

Floridian Debi Tellerman Berkowitz '

7 1 .

secre tar y of the Alumni Associa tion . and

Mark Gershenson '

74 . presiden t of theSouthern California Chap ter of the AlumniAssocia tion , catch up on the news from one

coas t to the other

Chap ter of the Year award went to theGreater Bos ton Alumni Chap ter of theAlumni Association . Accepting the awardfrom Alumni Association Presiden t JeffreyH. Golland

'

6 1 at the Saturdav night dinneris Grea ter Bos ton Chap ter President RobinSherman ’

83

42

After the Brandeis -Amhers t soccer game,

President Handler shared the fun withstudents at the Victory Party, which wasnot a victory in scoring (Amherst won 1but a vic tory in Spiri t"

Carmen Torres 7 7 gatheringat Third World

"left to right"Hussein Adam . award recipientAndrew Billingsley, Ph D .

'

64 and

Carmen Torres '

77 (Third WorldReunion Committee member)

Class Notes

’

55

G loria Goldreich Horowitz's new novelWest to Eden has been published byMacmillan PublishingCompany . A mainselection of the Troll Book Club

,this nove l

chronicles the life of a Jewish family assettlers in the American Southwest and dealswith the history of the Jewish communitiesofArizona and California. Her short storyMy Cousins the Midgets, Thank God No t byBlood” will appear in the fall issue of Orim.

the Jewish Joumal'

at Yale .

Naima Prevots, director and curator of theHollywood Bowl Museum, published a bookentitled Dancing in the Sun : HollywoodChoreographers , 1 9 1 5—1 937. The book is aninnovative look into the lives and works ofeight dancer/choreographers who figuredprominently in the artistic explosion of the

1 9208 and 1 9305 .

Rena B lumbergreceived an honorarydoctorate from BaldwinWallace Collegewhere she delivered the commencementaddress on June 12 . Currently

,Rena is the

community relations director ofWWWE-AMandWDOK-EM .

I f"

a 7

Robert Robin"Brooks is now director ofS tudent affairs information services at theUniversity ofMassachusetts-Amherst . Hepreviously had been associate dean of

students .

E laine Heumann Gurian is pleased toannounce her new position as deputyassistant secretary formuseums at theSmithsonian Institution .

Martin J . Raff, M .D. , chief of infectiousdiseases at the University of Louisville hasrecently been appointed chief of clinicalinternal medic ine as well . Martin willgraduate from law school in May .

Martin Russell Levy will soon be startinglaw school at California Western School ofLaw. Martin received his BS . from BostonUniversi ty in 1962 . S ince then he has workedfor the United States Civil Service as acomputer programmer and tax auditor .Currently he is workingas a CPA.

Carol S . Rabinovitz was recently promotedto assistant vice president for development,Brandeis University . Formerly she was theexecutive direc tor of development atBrandeis .’

60

Robert Sekuler has been named dean of the

College of Arts and Sciences at theUniversi ty of Rochester . Most recentlyRobert was the John Evans Professor ofNeuroscience at Northwestern University .Much of his work has focused on the

perception ofmovement, perceptual images,

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

educational programs under the banner ofABC Notebook, was designed to increaseyoungpeople ’s appreciation of the ir heri tageand the legacy of their American c itizenship .Ms . Paley is director, ABC communityrelations for ABC public relations . Shedirects communi ty outreach activi ties,develops educational materials andrepresents the network as mediaspokesperson on issues germane to varioussegments of the community . She and herhusband

,Laurence Price '

67 live in New

York Ci ty with their son,Brian Anthony

Price .

Eda A. Warren has incorporated a business indesktop publishing, Specializingin trainingand design-production of print materials . Shehas been involved with public speakingandwri tingabout design and desktop publishing.

Martha Kanter recently has been promotedto assistan t deputy chancellor of theCalifornia Community Co lleges . Shecoordinates policy for the GoverningBoard of106 community colleges and is completingher doctorate at the Universi ty of SanFrancisco .

Jackie Hyman has wri tten and publishedmany romance novels

,and her newest

,due

in December, is a suspense nove l, The Eyesof a S tranger, from S t . Mart in ’s Press . Sheand her husband Kurt Wilson have one son

,

Ari, born in Apri l 1 986 .

Mark L . Kaufman has been appointed as thedirector of curriculum and instruction for theHam ilton-Wenham Regional School District .He also will continue to work part-time as

the superintendent of schools for the EssexElementary School District .

Rosalie Gernt recently starred in Songs ofParadise, a musical theater piece

,which was

performed at the Marriot Marquis in New

York City .This summer while teachingfor TuftsUniversi ty ’s European Center in Talloires

,France,Rabbi Jeffrey Summ it conducted an

oral history pro ject with the Jewishcommuni ty of Annecy, a small c ity in the

French Alps . Summi t,who is the E ’mai B ’rith

Hillel director at Tufts,offered a c lass that

concentrated on Holocaust oral historyand the immigration of North African Jewryto France, and also attended the Barbie Trialin Lyons .’

73

After six years as director of the BoulderColorado School District ’s programs forlinguistically and culturally differentstudents, Alan Canner attended law schoolat the University of Co lorado

,where he

served as an editor of the Law Review. He

was selected as the state ’s 1 98 7 studentrecipient of the Thomas Jefferson Award for

humanitarianism . Alan is currently servingas judicial clerk to the Chief Justice of theCo lorado Supreme Court .John B . Fobia, a former Wien Scholar,graduated from the Universi ty ofPenn sylvania Medical Schoo l in 1 9 76 . He

fulfilled his residency at the University ofPennsylvania Presbyterian Medical Centerand has been in private practice since 1 983,

specializingin general and peripheralvascular surgery .

Marsha Mackey ofTeaneck, NJ has joinedthe Murphy Realty/Better Homes andGardens office in Paramus

,NJ as a licensed

sales representative . Marsha attended theColumbia University Graduate School, whereshe was enrolled in the social work program .

Before joiningMurphy Realty, Marsha wasemployed with the New York City SchoolSystem as a counselor in the DrugAbusePrevention Program .

David Arinella and his wife Donna are the

proud parents of ano ther son DanteChristopher, and are owners of their firsthome, in East Boston . Dave was recentlyappointed president of the East BostonAthletic Board .Rebecca DerSimonian,

assistan t professor ofpublic health (biostatistics ) at the YaleUniversity Schoo l ofMedicine

,has been

awarded a Fulbright grant to lecture in SovietArmenia. Duringthe springsemester of 1 988,Rebecca will be on leave to lecture on dataanalysis in the applied mathematicsdepartment at Yerevan State University inArmenia.

Joe l Fiedler is in private practice in allergy,immunology and rheumato logy in the New

Jersey Shore area of Toms R iver inBricktown .

’

7

Miagros Mil lie Mendizabac is currentlyworkingas a recruitingmanager for thehuman resources department at Banco DePonce in San Juan

,PR.

Peretz Rodman,M.A.

’

83,and M iriam

Laufer '79 are pleased to announce the

birth of their second child Adin Yannai onSeptember 30, 1 986 . They are also the proudparents of Eliav .

Rabbi S imkha Weintraub is the newlyappointed director of public affairs for theNew Israel Fund in New York City (NIFJ. Itis his pleasure to report that fe llow c lassmateThomas L . Friedman recently was awardedthe New Israel Fund Award for OutstandingReportingon the Middle East and thatclassmate Joshua Schoffrnan is staff attorneyfor the Legal Defense Center in Jerusalem,

funded by NIF.

Robin D . Wiener married Marc D . Yablon on

June 2 1,1 98 7 in Santa Monica

, CA . Robinpractices law wi th the fi rm of TuttleTaylor in Los Angeles, and Marc practiceslaw w ith the firm of Berger, Kahn , Shafton 81Moss in Marina Del Ray, CA .

Janet Hibe l is a psychologist in privatepractice at the Palm Beach Medical Group inWest Palm Beach, FL . She married Alan JayTarpeel on December 8 , 1 98 7 in West PalmBeach . Janet has been busy workingandshowingher horse Rikki Tikki Tavi in the

South Florida Hunter Jumper Associationcircuit .S teven Kraus and his wife Jane are pleased toannounce the birth of the ir first child AdamJacob on July 26

,1 98 7 . Steven is an attorney

in a private practice in Westfield, NJ.

Lisa Potis'

chmann Bellin and her husbandJeff Bellin, announce the birth oftheir son Daniel Louis, on August 1 8, 1 98 7 .

Rabbi Kenneth Brickman is now the

associate rabbi of Temple Israel in NewRochelle , NY .

Debbie Macktez Kurinsky and her husbandGeoffrey are pleased to announce the birth ofthe ir daughter Sarah on February 13, 1 987 .

Debbie is associated with the law firm of

Rubin 81 Rudman . The couple now resides inNeedham, MA .

Sara S ilver received herMB A . in June 1 98 7from the Universi ty of Chicago GraduateSchool of Business .

Je ffrey A. Bemfeld and his wifeMary-Kathleen O ’

Conn ell are happy toannounce the birth of their first child JeremyDavid . In addition

,Jeffrey has been made a

partner of Goldste in Manello, a Bostonbased law firm.

Jonathan Hirst and former high schoolsweetheart Gail Shafi t Hirst are expectingtheir first child in January— just in time for

the lOth-year reunion .

Linda Kanner is pleased to announce her

marriage to Warren Dean Levy lastDecember . They have made their home in

Society Hill . Linda is workingat thePhiladelphia Naval Base as program direc torof the Navy Family Service Center. Herprograms often take place on carriers andfrigates instead of in the usual classroomsetting.

Dr. Serena E . Sara, chiropractor, was invitedto appear on the TV talk show, Ask the

Chiropractor,which aired on cable TV in

Miami,FL . She practices in South Miami .

Robert Weiss and his wife Susan ann ounce

the birth of their son Zachary Phillips onSeptember 16

,1987 .

Jeffrey S . Burman and Tsilah B . Solomon'

80

were married on June 2 1 in Los Angeles .Tsilah and Jeff re-me t at a Brande is Alumnievent— the screeningof Dan Berk ’

78’

s”Hell

Camp” from Orion . Tsilah was a politics

major at Brandeis and went on to attain a

master’s degree in urban planningat USC .

Currently she is assistant vice president andresearch director for TCW Realty Advisors—a

firm that invests pension funds in real estate .

Jeff was a fine art s/education major atBrandeis and went on to study fi lmproduction at USC . Currently he is a fi lmeditor and a boom operator. He has workedon Hollywood Shuffle and Barfly amongothers . They honeymooned in the Andes andAmazon Basin of Peru.

After graduation,Michael and Rachel

Connelly both went on to graduate school .Michael received his M .A . in journalism and

Rachel her PhD . in economics . Rachelteaches economics at Bowdoin College inBrunswick, ME and recently had an articlepublished . M ichael 's most recently publishedpiece was about boatingin Casco Bay . Theyhave one son Martin Adams and reside inMaine .

Cindy Dubinsky and David Teicher weremarried on May 1 , 1 987, followed by ahoneymoon in the US . Virgin Islands .Nancy Gottlieb and her husband MatthewWatsky announce the birth of their daughterSarah Rebecca on August 23, 1 987 .

David J . Miklowitz has been awarded agran t from the National Alliance for

Research on Schizophrenia and Depression(NARSADJ to further his research into thecauses of depression and other serious mentalillnesses . David

,who received his Ph .D . in

clinical psychology from UCLA,is one of 10

universi ty researchers to receive the grant .He is also the recipient of the Shalom I .

Newman Prize in Psychology, a PolaroidResearch Gran t Award fromBrande is, the Joseph A . Gengerelli

D istinguished Dissertation Award and theYoungInvestigator Award of thelntemational Congress on SchizophreniaResearch .

Deborah Shalowitz is pleased to announce

hermarriage to Bruce Cowans last October .The couple lives in Washington,

DC . whereDeborah is an associate editor at CrainCommunications and where Bruce is abudget analyst for the US . TreasuryDepartment .

Ben jamin Ashton started his own business,The Fundamental Handyman

,in 1985 .

Benjamin is currently livingin Concord, MA .

Barbara Berger Tartell and her husband Marcare delighted to announce the birth of the irson Jonathan Ilan on August 20, 1987 .

Barbara is a vice president of the fixedincome division of Goldman Sachs . Marc isthe national advertisingmanager of SonyMagnetic Products Company .Franci Frank" J . Donoghue was married toKathryn Sack of Bethesda

,MD on June 1 5

,

1 986 . The ceremony was held at Lambert ’sCove Inn on Martha’s Vineyard . Frank alsoreceived a Ph .D. in English literature at JohnsHopkins University in the summer of 1986 .

He is currently an assistant professor ofEnglish“at S tanford Universi ty.Roberta L. Korus has joined the New Yorklaw firm of Phillips, Nizer, Benjam in,

Krim

81 Ballon as associate attorney in the

entertainm ent department .Laonardo Lenny Maiman and wife Lynnecelebrated the birth of their daughter FayeElizabeth on April I , 1 987 . Lenny continuesto practice real estate law in Fort Lauderdalewi th the firm of Ruden

,Barnett

,McClosky,

Smith, Schuster and Russell .Lauren Levy Miller and her husband Irwinjoyfully announce the birth of the ir first childMichael Evan . Lauren and Irwin celebratedtheir fifth weddingann iversary in August .Lauren is the assistant city attorney for thecity ofNorth M iami Beach, FL .

Laura Spivack Siege l and her husband Garyare proud to announce the birth of their sonS teven Michae l on July 1 2, 1 987 . Laura is abuyer for Hechts Department S tore, and Garyis an attorney . They reside in Potomack

,

MD .

’

8 1

Jeri B loch is pleased to announce her

marriage to Joel Pinard last March . Sherecently received herM .B .A . from ColumbiaUniversity Graduate School of Business andis now workingat General FoodsCorporation .

Wendy Cohen received herMS . in

agricultural economics from the Universi tyofMaryland and is now a research fellow in

the Rural Economic Policy Program of the

Aspen Institute forHumanistic S tudies inWashington,

DC .

Lisabeth Fisher DiLalla received her PhD . in

developmental psychology from the

University of Virginia and is beginningapostdoctoral at the Insti tute for BehavioralGenetics in Boulder

,CO .

’

82

Lindsay Gardner, after five years ofworkingin television news, has entered theUniversity of Pennsylvania’s WhartonSchool . His Brandeis friends have made himpromise not to get involved with the schoolnewspaper.Harvey Kaish and Michele S ilber ’

84 weremarried on May 30, 1987 and are l ivinginCranford

,NJ.

Gail P. S inai married Robert Evan s, 3d at theMartinsvil le Inn in Martinsville ,

NJ. Gailwill be joiningthe Boston law firm of

Sullivan Worcester. Robert is an associateof the Boston law firm of Hale and Don .

Ellen Spar received herDoctor ofMedicineat the 1 63rd commencement of JeffersonMedical College, Thomas JeffersonUniversi ty . She is fulfillingher residency ininternal medicine at Mt . Auburn Hospital inCambridge, MA . Whi le at Jefferson, she was

elected to the Hobart Amory Hare HonorMedical Society .’

83

Jonathan Axon and Heydon Traub receivedM .B .A .s in June 1 987 from the University ofChicago Graduate School of Business .Susan M . Finder received herDoctor ofOsteopathy degree from the University ofHeal th Sciences at the College ofOsteopathic Medicine in Kansas Ci ty, MO on

May 1 7, 1 987 . She is currently servinga oneyear internship at Doctor ’s General Hospitalin Plan tation

,FL .

Kriss S . Halpem recently moved to LosAngeles to begin work at the law firm of

Gibson,Dunn and Crutcher after graduatingfrom the Universi ty '

of Pennsylvania Schoolof Law.

Ann S . Kalish is an associate wi th the lawfirm ofMartin,

Clearwater 81 Bell in New

York Ci ty,which specializes in medical

malpractice and defense litigation .

Alon Kapeu has joined the law firm of

Willkie Farr 81 Gallagher in New York Cityas an associate attorney . He received his JD .

from Cornell Law School in 1 987 .

Luigi Pacifico finished his e lective inorthopaedic surgery at Fitzsimons ArmyMedical Center

,Denver, CO and is now a

senior medical student at the University ofHealth Sciences, Kansas City . He is also a

lieutenant for the 135 th Mobile ArmySurgical Hospital in the Missouri ArmyNational Guard . Luigi will be an intern at

Oakh ill Hospital in Joplin,MO . While in

Medical Schoo l,Luigi received the Edwards

Scholarship ofMassachusetts and theMassachusetts S tate Scholarship .Robert S . Powell has received the degree ofDoctor of Osteopathy from the University ofNew England College of OsteopathicMedicine in B iddeford, ME .

Scott Thaler andWendy Finn '

85 are pleasedto announce their marriage in June, 1 987 .

Wendy is director of development at the New

England College of Optometry . Scottgraduated from Harvard Medical School inJune

,and is completinghis residency in

IntemalMedic ine at Beth Israel Hospital .The couple now resides in Brookline, MA.

Jay Z agorsky was marr ied to Kim Meyers inJuly at a ceremony in the Boston PublicGarden . The couple Spent their honeymoonhikingin the Indian Himalayas . Jay iscurrently a PhD . student in economics atBoston University .

’

84

Lesley Antin and Bruce Levy became

engaged on June 27 in the CastleCommons— the same place they met whilefreshmen at Brandeis . Lesley is a high schoolteacher ofmath and English and Bruce isstartinghis third year at New YorkUniversity Law School .Joseph Dansky recently received his J D .

from New England School of Law. He was

awarded a New England School of LawService Award duringthe commencement .M iche le Jacobson and Andrew Burstiner

were married this fall. M ichele is a recentgraduate of the New York University Schoolof Law

, and Andrew is a third year student atNew York Medical College .

Karen Kolbor is pleased to announce her

marriage to Richard Ersted on July 1 1 , 1 987 .

Karen rece ived herM .B .A . from UCLAGraduate School ofManagement, and thenjoined Union Bank as an account associate .

Richard is a pro ject manager wi th a realestate development firm . The couple nowresides in Pasadena

,CA.

Andrea W. Levine received her J D . fromBoston University Law School in 1 987 and isan assistant district attorney in Brooklyn

,

NY .

Russell Paris and his wife,Julie, are proud to

announce the birth of their son Danie l,in

October 1 98 7 . Amongthose attending thebris was Jeff Bernhardt '84 . Russell graduatedfrom Loyola Law School,Los Angeles, in

June 1987 .

Beth S irullwas married to E lliot Brown on

August 16 , 1 987 and has settled in Brookline,MA . Beth is an associate wi th Boston EquityInvestments, Inc .

, a real estate syndicationfirm

,and is pursuingherM .B .A . at Boston

Universi ty. Present at their weddingwereMichelle Chabin ’

8 1 ; Anaya Balter ’

85 , who

was a bridesmaid, Jeffrey Bernhardt ’84 , whowi tnessed the ketubah and Norman Katzoff’

84,who designed the weddinginvitations.

Scott M. Sokol has accepted the position of

research scientist at Massachuse tts GeneralHospital ’s Neurolinguistics Laboratory .He will begin his new career upon the

completion of his PhD . from Johns HopkinsUniversity.

Jessica Berger and Jeffrey Weiss are engagedto be married . The weddingis planned forspring 1989 .

Alison Brager Bass is now a sc ience writerfor the Bos ton Globe.

Eric Budd spent sixmonths in the

Philippines studyingpolitics and is nowin the doctoral program in politics at theUniversity of Chicago .

Lori Lieberbaum and David Popkin are

engaged to be married in June 1 988 . Lori isa master’s degree candidate at the BostonUniversity School of Social Work . David isa master's degree candidate at the BostonUniversity School ofManagement, andcontinues to operate Popstops, a promotionalmerchandise company that he started atBrandeis .James Jim Meise l published an article inthe March 1 98 7 issue of Journal ofAmerican

College Health enti tled S tudent-RunVoluntary Emergency Medical Services : ACase S tudy at Brandeis Universi ty . ” Thepaper describes the formation and operationof the Brande is Emergency Medical Corps(BEMCO J.

Dina Ross received herM .B .A . in June 1 98 7from the University of Chicago GraduateSchoo l of Business .

Paul B ienstock announces his engagementto Andrea Earl . The wedding is planned forDecember 1 98 7 . M ichael wi ll also be themanager of the Earl BowlingLanes in EastBrunswick

,NJ.

Robert Gerstman is a student at the New

York College of OsteOpathic Medicine wherehe expects to receive his D .O . degree in 1990 .

He is“still a loyal fan of the New YorkMets— despite the bad press they havegotten . He is not married but reports thatcurrently he is lookingfor a wife .

S teven Katz married Elizabe th Evans ofShaker Heights, OH on August 9 , 1 98 7 .

Steven is completinghis second year ofa J.D . fellowship at FordhamUniversity . Elizabeth rece ived her B A . fromWellesley College and is in her first year atColumbia Law School .

’

87

Bonnie Wolf Goodman has jo ined the firm of

KingKonior as account services spec ialist .The agency is a public relations firm based inBoston

,where Bonnie and her husband now

reside .

Laura Snyder Mlawer is pleased to announce

hermarriage to Mark A . Mlawer. She iscurrently workingas a freelance editorfor Prentice -Hall ’s Secondary Divisionltextbooks ) . Mark is the child advocatecoordinator for the South Middlesex Areaof the Massachusetts Office for Children .

Walter Adamson (Ph .D. a spec ialist inItalian politics, has been named DobbsProfessor of Intellectual History in the

Graduate Institute of the L iberal Arts atEmory University . At the Institute since19 78 , Wal ter currently serves as i ts director .

Harold W. Demone, Jr. (Ph.D .

’66J has

stepped down as dean of the RutgersUniversity School of Social Work after 10years of service . For the 1 987- 1988 academicyear he is a visitingprofessor of HealthPolicy and Management at HarvardUniversity School of Public Heal th . Nextfall he plans to return to Rutgers as adistinguished professor to concentrate onhis teachingand research .

David Dewitt (M .A.

'

84) recently directedthe Central Park Players in On Golden Pondin Grand Haven,

MI where he and his wifePamela now reside . He has also written and

directed several children ’s theater pieces .Hil le l Goldberg(PhD .

’

78 ) won the

Rockower Award for Distinguished EditorialWritingfor both layout and content for hisarticle ”

The Anatomy of a Suicide"published in In termoun tain Jewish NewsLiterary Supplement . This was Hillel ’s thirdtime winningsuch an award . His wri tingsmay be seen in his new book enti tled LivingMusar from Mesorah Publications .Megat Hassan '

82 ) serves as thedeputy director of the trainingand careerdevelopment division of the Public ServicesDepartment

,a central personnel agency for

the Malaysian government .E lliot B . Karp '

80) is the newlyappointed assistant vice president formajorgifts, Office ofDevelopment and AlumniRe lations

,Brande is University . Formerly

he was director of human resourcesdeve lopment for the Federation of JewishAgenc ies of Greater Philade lphia .

John H. Baron (Ph.D . a professor ofmusic at Newcomb College ofTulaneUniversi ty

,New Orleans, has just published

a book entitled Chamber Music :Information and Resource Guide . The bookoutlines all that is known about chambermusic from 1 600 to the present and is themost important comprehensive work in the

field in 60 years . It reviews the mostimportant studies on the aesthetics, history,performance and education of this mostsophisticated of allmusic genres, and defineschamber music and i ts social positions .

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Brandeis Abroad

inv i tes you to participate in theseexclus ive programs for 1988 . Theseexc it ing tours wi ll be conducted byknowledgeable and no ted leaders of theBrandeis Community .

Tour No .

Israel and Turkey

Conducted by Professor Av igdor LevyDirec tor of Is lamic andM iddle Eas ternStudies

March 2 - 1 8, 1 988

Cos t is per personBas is Double Occupancy ’

Tour No .

40th Ann iversary Pres i dent ial Tour ofIsrael

Conducted by Barbara M i l lerNat ional Pres i dent, Brande is Un ivers i tyNational Women

’s Commi ttee

July 2- 1 7,1 988

Cos t is per personBas is Double Occupancy‘

Tour No .

Russ ia and F inland

Conducted by Cyn thia Shulman

Pas t Nat ional President,Brandeis Univers i ty Nat ionalWomen’s Commi t tee

Cosr is per personBas is Double Occupancy ’

Tour No .

COS t is per person

(Single occupancy not avai lable in

are subject to change

Yes, I am in terested in Tour No .

P lease send me more informat ion.

Brande is Universi ty

Wal tham,Massachuset ts

"

J r E lection

In May , Brande is was e lec ted to the

Un ivers i ty Athlet ic Associat ion (UAA ),an assoc iat ion ofmajor private researchunivers i t ies created to prov ide newOpportun i t ies for nat ional compe ti t ionamongs tuden t ath le tes .

The UAA inc ludes e igh t other privateresearch univers i t ies : Emory Univers i ty ,At lan ta; Carnegie Me l lon Univers i ty

,

P i t tsburgh ; Case Wes tern ReserveUnivers i ty

,C leve land ; the Univers i ty of

Chicago ; Johns Hopk ins Un ivers i t y ,Bal t imore ; New York Un ivers i ty; the

Men’s Baske tbal l

February 1 988Saturday 13Thursday 1 8-Saturday 20

Men’s Basketball

Men’s Swimming

Women ’s SwimmingFriday l9 -Saturday 20 Men

’s FencingWomen

's Fenc ingSaturday 20 Men

’s BasketballMarch 1 988Friday 4-Saturday 5

Men’s Golf

Men’s Outdoor Track

Women’s Outdoor Track

Friday 22 and Sunday 24 Men’s Tennis

Championships

Men’

s Indoor TrackWomen

’s Indoor Track

Brandeis

All travel arrangements bv Gerber Travel

Univers i t y of Roches ter, andWashington Universi ty, S t . Louis .

Emory

’

UAA/Chicago

UAA/Chicago

RochesterUAA/UWashington

UAA/UWashington

UAA/Brandeis

pm

am

am

am

am

Home

According to Pres ident Eve l yn E .

Handler,The UAA is a direct response

from ins ti tut ions such as ours to the

we l l public i zed dis tort ion of priori tiesthat has deve loped in some col legeath le t ic programs in recent years .Compe t i t ive sports should play animportant role at ins t i tut ions of highereducat ion, but the ro le should besupport ive of the academ ic miss ion and

the inte llec tual development of thes tuden t .

Brandeis Univers i tyWal tham

,Massachuset t s 02254-9 1 1 0

Address correct ion reques ted

The Song of The Lord

There is a table boun tifully sp read.

In the full sunligh t when there is no cloud

And under cloudy skies ,

And when there are no s tars and when the s tarsDistill the time ,

the table s tands in a field .

I t is la te morningand the service shines .

The guests have wandered from the company .

The Lord is alone .

I t is good to hearThe voice of the Lord at res t in his soli tude .

The gues ts have wandered from the table set,

But they hear the voice of the Lord at rest :

The songof the Lord in solitude goes up ,

Ten times enfolded, blue , and saturateWith law to the heavens a t noon ofgaze.

And down among the graves and the darker animals .

The songof the Lord indica tes the dus tOf the roadway , the random hammer of the sea ,

The riddled vase ofmind and mind’

s dep endencies

And pain los t otherwise and lost in this .

The voice of the Lord opens the ga tes of day .

Air s treams through our eyes and brushes the pupils

S treams through our eyes and this is how we see .

Professor Allen Grossman’s The Bright

Nails Scat tered onthe Ground i s abook of poe try that te l l s of a man and a

woman in love . S ince the ir bond i sunsanc t ioned

,theymus t confront the

task of bui l dingano ther un iverse inwhich the ir love can have a place . Th isi s the creat ional work of the ir union

,

in t imate,h i s torical and cosm ic

,that

mus t be tes ted agains t real i ty andhope— ih short

,agains t the total i ty ofhuman affairs . Prin ted here are some

poems from The Bright Nails Sca t teredon the Ground . (A New D irec t ions Book )

Nonprofi t O rganizat ionUS . PostagePaid

Permit Number 1 5 73 1Bos ton

,Massachuset ts

The Spiri t of The S tair

Over and over the beauty of a flowerI saw jus t now at the head of the s tair,And am drawn out ofmyself.

Therefore ,

Whenever I consider journeying,

Only to you will I think ofgoingaway .For you are one , my dear, to whom the though tMust surely come, when you have passed a whiteFlower on the s tair and la ter it re turnsDistinc tly to your mind, that many have

Seen it the same and in many times

And they are not in love , b ut they are not alone

In the great s treams of the universeWhom a white flower has drawn .

The Voice

I t is good to hear the voice of a man .

I t is good to hear the vo ice of a woman .

The voice of a man or the voice of a woman

Is truth enough to jus t ify our dea th .

There are o ther voices but they do notJus tify, as the sea is a grea t voice .

The voice of a woman says the name of a man .

Allen , she says,

“my brother, and my love .

’

( I t is good to hear the voice of a woman . )

The voice of a man says the name of a woman .

Luce, he says , my sis ter, and my love .

( I t is good to hear the voice of a man . )

The voice of a man and a woman is one voice.

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Brandeis Review, Volume 7

Number 3, Spring 1 988

Brandeis Review ( ISSN 0273-7 1 75 )is published by Brandeis University4 1 5 South S treetWaltham

,Massachusetts 02254-9 1 10

with free distribution to

alumni, S tudents, trustees, friends,

parents, faculty and staff .Postmaster : Send address changes toBrande is UniversityBrandeis Review4 1 5 South StreetWaltham,

Massachusetts 02254-9 1 10Opin ions expressed in the Brandeis Review

are those of the authors and not necessarilyof the Editor or Brandeis University.

9 1988 Brandeis UniversityOffice of PublicationsDepartment of Communications andPublic Relations

Spring 1 988

Around the Universi ty

Universi ty Press ofNew England

A Regional Consortiumwith a World Marke t

Brandei s Univer si ty Pres s

Trebitsch LincolnAn Imperfect Spy

Child AbuseFrom Obscurity into the Limel ight

Bearing the Brunt of PerestroikaInterv iew with Professor ofEconomics Barney K . Schwalberg

Coming to Know B rande is

Bookshelf

Facul ty Notes

Alumni

Class Notes

Editor Senior DesignerBrenda Marder Charles Dunham

Assistant EditorAnita FlanzbaumReview PhotographerJulian BrownS taff DesignerSara Barber

Volume 7 Number 3

Brenda Marder

John Rosario

Bernard Wassers tein

Elizabeth Pleck ’

67,

M .A .

’

73,Ph .D .

’

74

Judith B . Powe l l

Cover: Second in a series of The Seasons,

by Julian Brown

Student EditorAdam Roy

'

88

Staff AssistantVeronica Blacquier

mversr

Brandeis ’

d0tb AnniversaryCelebrations

P lan s for the celebrat ion of the

Un ivers i ty ’s 4oth anniversary year aremovingforward, accordingto cochairs ofthe 4oth Anniversary Adv isoryCommi t tee Leon Jick and S tephenWhi tfie ld . The weekend of Oc tober 8and 9 has been selected for a series ofacademic ac tiv i t ies

,a gala dinner in

Boston and a convocat ion . O ther even tswi l l d irec t ly precede that weekend andce lebrat ions of other s ign ifican tanniversaries wi ll take place throughoutthe year as wi l l ce lebrat ions arranged byAlumn i Assoc iat ion andWomen

’sComm i t tee chapters throughout thecoun try .

As we plan for our 4oth ann iversaryac t iv i t ies, we are aimingto ce lebrate thebes t that is Brandeis, ” notes ProfessorJick, chai rman of the Department ofNear Eas tern and Judaic S tudies . We

are discuss inga new series of academicforums that wil l bringtoge ther nat ionalleaders in a variety of fie lds to explorethe issues cri tical to the future of oursociety.

”

B randeis Sports and Cnnvocation(Center Moves Toward Reality

For years only a dream,p lans for the

Brandeis Sports and Convocat ion Cen termoved c loser to real i ty in Februarywhen Abraham D . Gosman announced a

mil l ion comm i tmen t to he lp bui lda new fie ld house . Offered as a chal lengegran t, i t requires the Univers i ty to raisea matching mi l l ion by February 1 5 ,1990 . Laurence R . Rubins tein, seniorv ice pres ident for deve lopment andalumn i relat ions

,i s confi den t that ”we

can match Mr. Gosman’

s generous gi f tby the deadl ine and have already begunto make progress ."Gosman Fiel dHouse, a componen t of the proposedsports and convocat ion center, wi l l belocated next to L insey Sports Center andShapiro Ath le tic Center . Cons t ruc t ion i sexpected to begin wi thin approximatelytwo years of the complet ion of the

chal lenge match .

The firs t program in the series wi l l takeplace on Saturday, Oc tober 8 , fol lowedby a gala dinner in Bos ton . The dinner i splanned for the Copley Marrio t t anddinner gues ts wi l l inc lude members ofthe facul ty and admin is trat ion,

s tudents,trus tees

,alumni and members of the

Nat ional Women’s Commi t tee, as we l l

as members of the Jus t ice Brande i sSocie ty and other fr iends . A convocat ionon campus on Sunday, October 9 wi l linc lude a major address and theawardingof honorary degrees . A seriesof events wi l l precede the weekend .

P lans are be ingmade for the 10thAnnual Louis and Luci l le Arms trongMus ical Fund Concert on Wednesday,October 5 and for a sympos ium to

ce lebrate the 30th ann iversary of theWien lntemational Scholars Program on

Thursday, October 6 . On Friday,October 7

,the Board of Trus tees wil l

meet , and leadership mee tings of boththe Alumni Assoc iat ion and the

Nat ional Women’s Commi ttee are be ing

organ i zed for Thursday and Friday,Oc tober 6 and 7 . Addi t ionalannouncements wi l l be made over thenext few months as plans arecompleted .

The Gosman Field House wi l l be a

major Univers i ty ath let ic faci l i ty,includingcourts for basket bal l, handbal land squash , as we l l as areas for fenc ing,indoor tenn is, gymnas t ics, dance andaerobics . It wi l l also be used byUnivers i ty, local and nat ional group s forcul tural and academ ic ceremonialeven ts . The proposed -seat fie ldhouse wil l be the only bui ldingoncampus capable of ho ldingthe ent ireUnivers i ty commun i ty at one t ime .

A nat ive ofManches ter, N .H .

,and a

res iden t of Palm Beach , Gosman ischai rman of the board, pres ident andtreasurer ofMediplex Group, Inc .

,a

Bos ton-based divers ified heal th carecompany.

Fol lowingthe Gosman announcement,

a gi ft of was announced fromthe Lou and Lutza Smi th Foundat ion of

New Hampshire for an aquat ic wingofthe Sports and convocat ion center .

Pictorial H istory To Mark 4oth

To mark the ce lebrat ion of the 4oth

anniversary, a pictorial h is tory of about200 pages of photographs wi thaccompanying introduc tory text wi l l beprinted in t ime for Founders ’ Dayweekend . FeaturingRalph Norman

’sphotographs, the coffee-table-s ize book ,which documents Brandeis ’ inceptionand growth, wi l l be on sale to the ent ireBrande is commun i ty . Readers canexpect informat ion on orderingthevo lume to come in the mai l in latespring.

The Palm Beach Brunch

The Gosman and the Lou and Lutza

Smi th Foundat ion gi fts were bothannounced at the 25 th-annual PalmBeach gatheringof donors to theUnivers i ty

,where a total of

mi l l ion in commi tmen ts was made bytrus tees, alumn i , members of theBrandeis Univers i ty Nat ional Women

’sComm i t tee, parents and o ther donors .

Amongthe commi tments announcedat the brunch were a $2 mi l l ionanonymous gift and a $ 1 mi l l iondonat ion from the es tate of Sam Mande lfrom Chicago forgeneral scholarshipendowmen t an anonymous gi ft for achair in Lat in American S tudies , a

gift from the es tate ofMax

Kranzbergfor scholarships for S tudentsin women

’s s tudies and a gi ftfrom the Sherman Fami ly Trus t for thebanquet/lecture hal l in the renovatedconference center.

In addi t ion was raised for theFund for the Advancemen t of JewishS tudies in honor ofMari lyn and

Maurice Cohen,who rece ived the

Gol dfarb medal at the Brunch .

The Palm Beach Brunch , the largest inBran deis ’ his tory in terms of do l larspledged and at tendance, has givenincreased impe tus to the capi talcampaign and moved us wel l beyond thehalf-way mark at thi s point in reachingour $200 mi l l ion goal,” said Senior VicePres ident Rubin stein .

Creative Arts Salutes Updike,Bight Others with Awards

John Updike,Aaron S isk ind

,A lv in

Ai ley,Raymond Carver and Jasper Johns

are amongn ine rec ip ients of Brande isUn ivers i ty ’s 32nd-annual Creat ive ArtsAwards . Several of the art is ts, inc ludingUpdike

,Mary El len Mark

,Susan

Marshal l and Brice Marden haveaccepted inv i tat ions to v is i t the campusduringthe Creat ive Arts Fes t ival inApri l to conduct readings, lectures,workshops and demons trat ions . As partof the fes t ivi t ies

,Dummy , a p lay by

Paul Sedgwick ( second-year s tudent inthe MFA p laywrigh t program ), directedby M iranda Ring(first-year S tuden t inthe MFA p laywrigh t program ), adaptedfrom the Short s tory by RaymondCarver

,was presented at the Laurie

Theater Apri l 27 through May I .

Bestowed in recogn i t ion of art ist icmeri t

,the awards draw at ten t ion to the

achievements of ac t ive American art is ts .They embrace paint ing, sculp ture,architecture

,fict ion

,nonfict ion

,poe try

,

mus ic,dance

,theater arts

,fi lm and

photography. Wi thin these disc ipl ines,

three categories of awards are given :medal s for lifet ime ach ievement ;ci tat ions for art is ts in mid-career, andthe spec ial award for No tableAchievemen t in the Creat ive Arts forindiv iduals who have made s ingularcul tural con tribut ions .

This year ’s recipien ts are Updike(medal ) and Carver (ci tat ion ), in fi ction ,

S iskin d (medal ) andMark ( ci tat ion ),in photography; Ai ley (medal ) andMarshal l (c i tation ), in dance, and John s(medal) and Marden (ci tat ion ) inpain ting. Rudolph Serk in wi l l rece ive a

No table Achievement Award for hiscontribut ion to mus ic .

John Updike ’s nove ls,s tories

,poe try ,

essays and rev iews have jus t ly earnedhim a reputat ion as a mas ter ofcontemporary American let ters .

Alvin AileyRaymond Carver is numbered amonga

handful ofwri ters who saved theAmerican short s tory from fading in to a

lesser form of American fic t ion . His

s tark and original work fol lows ordinarymen and women as they s t ruggle overeveryday hurdles to keep their jobs,marriages and fam i l ies .

In Aaron S isk ind ’s photography, theinconsequent ial acquires extraordinarymagn i tude : peel ingpaint , crumbl ingmasonry and tat tered pos ters become

fert i le fie lds for the brows ingeye .

Mary El len Mark has pursued subjectsshe fel t needed to be photographed,sub jec ts e i ther avoided by others orenclosed wi th in a carapace of

preconcept ion . Her camera hasunfl inchingly but compass ionate lyobserved Engl ish heroin addicts Indianpros t i tutes and Mother Theresa 3miss ion in Calcut ta. Her Life magazinephoto essay on runaway Americanchildren later led her to col laborate wi thMart in Be l l to produce S tree twise, afilm nominated for an Academy Awardas Bes t Documentary Feature in 1 985 .

John Updike

S ince 1958, when Alvin Ai ley brough tout Blues Suite, his dance company hasreached out to mi l l ions, nat ional ly andin ternational ly . His dances have fusede lements of c lass ical

,modern,

jazz andAfro-Caribbean choreography wi thmus ic rangingfrom gospel and blues tothe mus ic of Ralph Vaughn Wi l l iamsand Leonard Berns tein to pop and new

wave .

Us ingrelat ively unemphat icmovements, Susan Marshal l ’s dancesconcen trate on the interac tion betweenindiv iduals, fami l ies and soc iety at large .

Whi le Marshal l ’s choreography tendstoward m in imal gestures,monochromat ic cos tumes and anabsence of narrat ive

, she neverthelessexamines a broad spectrum of human

behavior and connect ion .

In the 1 9605 , Jasper Johns radical lyredirected the course of Americanpain t ing. By remov ingcommon

symbo ls— flags, targets , alphabet let tersand numbers— from the ir usual con text,John s reduced his sub jects to pat ternand r ichly painted tex ture .

Brice Marden’s early pain t ings, subtlynuanced

,mono tonal works, offered the

v iewer waxy surfaces covered wi thexquis i te ly concoc ted colors cri t icsfound indescribable . Marden’s work hasa deeply transcenden t qual i ty : subt le ofco lor

,c lass ical in form

,mus ical in

variat ion .

Rudo lph Serk in,one of our century’s

mos t eminen t p ian is ts,began his career

in 1 9 1 5 at the age of 1 2 . He quick lywon renown for his bo ld

,inc is ive

approach to the music of Bach . Turninghis at ten t ion to later composers

,Serk in

used his performances to disp lay notonly techn ical v irtuos i ty

,but bri l l iance

and inspired sens i t ivi ty . His years as theartis t ic director of the Marlboro Mus icFes t ivals in Vermon t indicated that h i ss trength was not l imi ted to reci talperformances but extended to concertand chamber works as we l l .

The awards wi l l be presented in the

Guggenheim Museum in New York onMay 4 .

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Proposal on Management ProgramGoes to Commi t tee

The ad hoc commi t tee of facultyappo inted by Provos t James R . Lacknerto s tudy es tablishment of a profess ionalprogram in managemen t has prepared apre l iminary report for di scuss ion by theAcademic Affairs Commi t tee of theBoard of Trus tees .

At a late January commi t tee meet inginNew York, Hel ler Schoo l Dean S tuartAl tman

,chair of the ad hoc commi t tee

,

presented the firs t half of the two-partreport to the Board’s commi t tee . The

document i s now back wi th the Al tman

commi t tee for comple t ion of the secondphase

,which Al tman sai d wi l l“expand

on concepts out l ined in the firs tsegment and deve lop more ful ly thein te l lectual rat ionale of the proposal tocreate an ins t i tute for business andsociety at Brande is . ”

Curriculum Debate Underway

The subcommi t tee of the Educat ionalPol icy Commi t tee has submi t ted i tsreview of the curriculum

,

"A Proposal

to Improve Undergraduate Educat ion at

Brandeis Univers i ty,to the Brande is

communi ty for Open discuss ion and

debate . The documen t ci tesshortcomings in the Univers i ty S tudiesprogram,

and proposes sixmodificat ionsthat“(redefinelgeneral educat ion at

Brande is in term s of areas of know ledgeand competenc ies rather than in termsof exis t ingdepartments or schoo ls . ”

Amongthe curriculum’s shortcomings,lack of adminis trat ive overs ight , rigi di tyin the freshman year

,disengagement of

senior facul ty from general educat ionand imbalances in enro l lmentdistribut ion and in the re lat ionship ofconcentrat ion and Un ivers i ty S tudiesofferings"were spec ifical ly noted in the

pr0 posal.

Dean of the Col lege Jess ie Ann Owenssays the proposal is not intended to beprescrip t ive

, but correc t ive .

“The old

approach to Univers i ty S tudies hadmany good ideas, but a number of themcoul d not be implemented because ofadmin is trative and departmental issues .This new proposal would requirecooperat ion be tween variousdepartmen ts and es tabl ishes ascommi t tees to adm in is ter theimplementat ion of the en t irecurriculum .

"

Al tman sai d d iscuss ion at the Januarymeet ingwas l ive ly, and addressedbenefi ts for the Un ivers i ty ’s graduateand undergraduateprograms . He said helooks forward to a final report from the

commi t tee, which wi l l be ready forpresentat ion to the provos t in Apri l .

The Academic Affairs Commi t tee wil lreview the final report at that t ime .

A l tman said, “The comm i t tee ’s in ten t i sto create a profess ional school presenceat Brandeis that i s cons is ten t wi th theUnivers i ty’s l iberal arts tradi t ion and

bui lds on exis t ings trengths of theUnivers i ty.

”

Six areas are out lined in the report,

accordingto Owens : ( 1 ) the inc lus ion of

two new categories : comparat ive (nonWes tern ) s tudies” and ”

ethics and moralreasoning” ; (2 ) reduct ion of Un ivers i tyS tudies in the Creat ive Arts

,

Humani t ies and Soc ial Sc iences fromtwo semes ters to one, (3 ) newadm inis trat ive overs ight to ensureini t ial and ongo ing implemen tat ion, (4 )greater divers i ty in Un ivers i ty S tudiesofferings both to answer the differen t ialleve l s and s tudent preparat ion and to

rev i tal ize senior facul ty in teres t ingeneral educat ion, (5 ) mandatory wri t ingcourses for all s tudents

,not jus t those in

need of bas ic s k i l ls ; and (6 ) redefini t ionof science and mathemat icsrequirements to encourage the s tudy ofquant i tat ive reasoning, inc lud ingprobabil i ty theory and s tatis t ics .

Associate Dean of the Co l lege E laineWongsays the report was de l iberate lypresented we l l in advance of the March3 1 facul ty mee t ing, when the report wi l lbe voted upon . If approved

,the report

would then be submi t ted for a secondreadingand final approval at the Apri lfacul ty mee t ing. The Review

,which

went to press before the March meeting,wi l l report on the outcome in the nextissue . If the report is approved

,the

reforms would become effec t ive in the

fal l of 1 989 for the c lass of 1 993 .

Spence— Brandeis General (Counsel

Greggory Spence of Lexington,Mass ,

jo ined Brande is in November asUn ivers i ty general counse l . He came

from the Office of the General Counse lat Harvard Univers i ty . He is affi l iatedwi th the Bos ton BarAssociat ion,

the

American BarAssoc iat ion,the

American Soc iety of Law and Medic ine,

the Massachuse t ts B lack Lawy ersAssociat ion and the National BarAssoc iat ion . In addi t ion he has beenappointed a v ice chairman of the

Li t igat ion Commi t tee of the GeneralPrac t ice Sec t ion of the American BarAssociat ion . He has also been invi ted tomoderate a pane l discuss ion for theKansas C i ty Annual Meetingof theNat ional Assoc iat ion of Co l lege and

Un ivers i ty At torneys in June .

It i s env is ioned that the managemen tprogram would be a natural l ink wi thother graduate programs alreadyes tablished at Brande is . It would also beposs ib le for the facul ty of themanagement school to offer some

spec ial undergraduate courses in the artsand sc ience curriculum

,as do some

facul ty in all the se lec t ive graduatemanagemen t schoo ls .

Commi t tee members are : Robert J . Art,the Chris t ian A . Herter Professor ofInternat ional Re lat ions , Anne P . Carter,the Fred C . Hecht Professor ofEconomics ; Lawrence H . Fuchs

,the

Meyer andWal ter Jaf fe Professor ofAmerican C iv i l i zat ion and Po l i t ics ; JackS . Go lds te in, professor of as trophys ics ;James E . Haber, professor of biology and

Rosenst ie l Bas ic Medical Sc ience sResearch Center ; Andrew B . Hahn

,

lecturer and sen ior research assoc iateand ass is tant dean for external affairs atthe He l ler Schoo l ; Mart in A . Lev in

,

professor of pol i t ics and direc tor of theGordon Public Po l icy Center, Peter A .

Pe tri,associate pro fessor of econom ics

and director of the LembergProgram in

lntemational Economics and Finance ;James A . S torer, associate professor ofcomputer science ; and Saul Touster, theJoseph M . Proskauer Professor in Lawand Soc ial We lfare and d irec tor of theLegal S tudies Program .

Markey G ift of $2 Million

The Luci l le P . Markey Char i table Trus tannounced that i t has awarded Brande isa $2 mi l l ion gran t to es tabl ish a newresearch program in s tructural b iologyin the Rosens t ie l Bas ic Medical SciencesResearch Cen ter . The gran t, plusanother for overhead, w i l lcome to the Univers i ty over five years .

The new program wi l l inc lude biologyprofessor Hugh E . Huxley’s laboratory,which conduc ts research into themechani sms ofmuscle contract ion,

and

a new prote in crys tal lography laboratoryheaded by a sen ior researcher .

Dr. Robert G laser, d irec tor formedicalsc ience for the Markey Trus t

,informed

Pres ident Eve lyn E . Handler of thegran t in March . The announcementculm inates two-and-a-hal f years ofdiscuss ions and v is i ts to the MarkeyTrus t by Handler

,who fol lowed up on a

proposal original ly submi t ted by HarlynHalvorson

,former direc tor of the

Rosens t ie l Center .

We are mos t grateful to the MarkeyTrus t for the ir support ,” said Handler,and wi th th is support we ant ic ipatebeingab le to es tabl ish a first-rateprote in crys tal lography laboratory whereresearch in to the dynamic realmbetween the atom and the ce l l can takep lace . Brandeis pioneered research ins truc tural b iology, a phrase co ined byour professors in the early 1970 5 forexplorat ions of the molecularorgan i zat ion of l iv ingmat ter. The irwork i s c lose ly integrated wi th researchprograms in biochem is try . This grantwi l l provide the essent ial l ink betweenS truc tural b iology and biochemis try, twoareas where Brandeis has es tabl ishedpreeminence .

”

A key to the overal l deve lopment of thes tructural b io logy program i s theappoin tmen t las t summer of b iologyprofessor Hugh E . Huxley. His work onthe mo lecular bas is ofmusc lecontrac t ion dovetai ls wi th otherBrande is researchers ' work in the

mo lecular mechanisms of ce l lularfunct ions . The Markey Trus t grant wi l lgreat ly benefi t Huxley’s re search

,and

complemen ts the recent ly awarded fiveyear research gran t ofmore than $ 1mi l l ion from the Nat ional Ins t i tute ofArthri t is and Musculoske le tal and Sk inD iseases .

Black History Month

B lack His tory Mon th at Brande isce lebrates the b lack con tribut ion to the

cul ture and deve lopment of the Uni tedS tates . It is an opportun i ty to share av i tal part of our American heri tage noton ly on col lege campuses butthroughout the coun try . The occas ion at

Brande is centered on the b lackexperience in entertainment

,athlet ics

,

re l igion, educat ion and the arts duringthe month-longce lebrat ion in February.

The open ingevent, covered byWCVBTV Channel 5 , was a cand le l igh t marchacross campus from Usdan to Sachar,represent ingthe journey of blacks fromAfrica to the Uni ted S tates . The mon thended wi th a concert by the Brande isJazz Ensemble . High l igh ts duringthece lebrat ion included a lec ture by LouiseBias, mother of the late baske tbal l s tar,Len B ias

,and former Dal las Cowboy

Calv in Hi l l, on the dangers of drugabuse, and a showingof ”

AmericanP ictures

,a mul t imedia presen tat ion

recountingthe five-year journey of JacobHo ld t

,a youngDane who hi tchh iked

more than m i les throughout theUni ted S tates observ ingthe country'sunderc lass and fi lming it .

Raci sm,Anti semi t ism and Law

Enforcement” wi th Charles ton, 8 . C .,

Po l ice Chief Reuben M . Greenberg; afashion show; the annual gospel concertand the one man show,

”MLK : We Are

the Dream,were also featured .

Sports Notes

Two Brandeis Athletes Score(Career Points

The name Derek Oliver has beensynonymous wi th the Brande is men

’sbaske tball team for the pas t four years .Now that name is firmly e tched intothe Brandeis baske tbal l annals, asO l iver ’

88 (Lowel l, Mass . ) became the

i 7th player to reach career pointsand could real is t ical ly fin ish his careeras h igh as number s ix on the all-t ime

scoring l is t . Oliver achieved themi les tone in a Sunday af ternoon game

agains t Norwich .

He p layed h is bes t game of the year forthe Judges ’ bigges t win of the season,

an

exc i t ing82-80 win over C larkUnivers i ty at a packed Shapiro Athle t icCenter . In the C lark win

,he led the

team wi th 23 points and 1 4 rebounds .O l iver leads the team in both scoringand reboun ding, averagingclose to 20poin ts and 1 0 rebounds per game .

Brandeis, under the direc t ion of secondyear Head Coach Kev in O ’

Brien,upped

their win total th is season to 13 out of

26 games . The Judges are in the firs t ful lyear of compet i t ion in the Univers i tyAthletic Associat ion (UAA), cons is tingof nine major p rivate researchunivers i t ies .

A triumph was scored on January 26,1 988, when Chris Corsac, a sen ior fromWorcester, Mass . , became the firs twomen’s bas ke tbal l p layer in Brande ishistory to regis ter career poin ts . Inaddi t ion to beinga four-year s tarter forthe basketbal l team,

Corsac has alsocompe ted for four years wi th thesoftbal l team and has played soccer andpart icipated in crewwhi le at Bran de is .

Th is season,Corsac led the Bran deis

women’s team to an 1 1 -7 record . The

Judges are in the New Englan d Women's

Eight as we l l as the UAA.

Corsac readv to shoot

Judges Home from I srael

The Brande is Univers i t y men’s

basketball team spen t i ts mid-year breakon a h is toric 14-day v is i t to Israel fromDecember 30 through January 13 . CoachKev in O ’

Brien’

s team part ic ipated ineight games agains t Israe l i univers i tyand c lub teams and won three of i tsfinal four games to finish wi th a 4 -4

record . The v is i t marked the firs t t ime

in Brande is his tory that an athlet ic teampart icipated in overseas compe t i t ion . In

addi t ion to the compet i t ion,the

Brandeis cont ingent of 19 made a tour ofmany of the h is torical s igh ts in Israe l .

The trip was superb , ” says D irector ofAthle t ics Jeffrey Cohen ’

64 .

”It fulfi l led

all of our expectat ions . We saw jus tabout everythingyou coul d see . The

compe ti tion was great and we madefriends .

The group s tayed two n igh ts at Gan

Shmuel,one of the legendary k ibbutzim,

and was hos ted by former Brande isbasketbal l s tandout Mark Sack ’

80 .

Also on the k ibbutz, on a sabbat ical

leave from Brande is was sociologyprofessor Gordie Fe l lman

,who spoke to

the team about Israe l ’s po l i t ical c l imate .

From the Wes tern Wal l to Masada,from

Tel Av iv to Beersheva,the Brandeis

baske tbal l team comple ted a whirlwindtour of Israe l, and they all agreed that i twas the mos t educat ional 1 4 days thatthey had ever experienced .

Derek Oliver in action

UAA Fencing Championships

Sophomore Theresa Caesar ofBrentwood

,N . J. , was named the

Un ivers i ty Athle tic Assoc iat ionWomen

’s Fencer of the Year afterleadingthe Brande is women

’s fencingteam to the UAA champ ionships

,the

firs t such compe t i t ion to be hos ted byBrandeis s ince i t join ed the league inMay 1 986 .

Caesar defeated teammate AmyLyde l l ’88 (North Woodmere

,N .Y . ) in

the women’s foi l final . Sen ior Captain

Fredrica S trumpf (Rosemont,Pa . ) added

to the Judges accompl ishmen ts bypos tingseveral key v ic tories in the teamcompe t i t ion .

The Brande is men’s fencing team,

pacedby Sophomore Terry Gargiulo (Monterey

,

Cal i f . ) and Senior Captain S teve Go l din(G lenv iew,

Ill. ) p laced second behindNew York Univers i ty . Coach B i l lShipman

’s men’s team narrowly m issed

firs t p lace in the foi l,los ingout by two

poin ts to NYU. Gargiulo finished secondin the indiv idual compe t i t ion whi leteammate Kei th DesFosses ’

89 (Peabody,Mass . ) was fourth .

Jun ior David K le in ofAmbler,Pa.

,was

th ird and c lassmate Ted Pryor ofSunrise, Fla.

, p laced fourth in the

indiv idual sabre compe t i t ion . Goldin ’sfourth p lace fini sh in the epee roundedout Brandeis ’ top performers .

From s ightseeingin Jerusalem to

yacht ingon the Red Sea in E i lat,the

trip was an unforget table exp erience forall those invo lved

,the p layers sai d . ”We

covered the coun try we l l, ” remarkedDerek Ol iver ’

88 .

”I was very impressed

wi th what Israe l had to offer : thelandscape was beaut i ful and the peoplewere all n ice to us . We were treated firs tclass everywhere we wen t . ”

In other championship news,Bran de is

wi l l hos t the 1 988 UAA Men’s Tenn i s

Championships on Apri l 22-24 . Two

t ime AllAm erican Noe l Occomy ’

89

(Chicago, wi l l be a top con tender inthe s ingles compet i t ion,

as we l l as indoubles compe t i t ion wi th teammate IanMurray ’

89 (K ingston,Jamaica) .

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ELLEN

niversWaltham , Massachusetts

Sponsored by Brandei s ’ Tauber Inst i tute for the S tudy of Current ly there are seven othe r volumes in this series .European Jewry

,Marrus

’ book i s the latest addition to a However,the maj ori ty of books specifical ly produced

series of works devoted to the his tory and culture of for Brandei s range in subject from pension reform in the

European Jewry from the Renai s sance to the pre sent . Uni ted S tates to a his tory of Bos ton ’s water supply,and

The book has received extens ive critical attention,and early American atti tudes toward the in sane .

has been chosen as a selection of both the Hi s tory Book continued on page 1 2

Club and the Jewish Book Club . Recent ly The NewYork Times Book Review commended Marrus

' book as

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This specialoffer—made exclutomembers ofthe BrandeisUniversitycommunity— is limited and expiresonJune30, 1988. So, please don’t delay—completethis postage-paid applicationandreturnit today"'TheBrandeisUniversity PrivilegedMastercardandTheBrandeis UniversityNationalWomen’s Committee PrivilegedBankingMasterCard is issued throughaspecialarrangementwith ShawmutBank, N.A.

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Brandeis by John Rosario

University Press

If Brandeis University Press/University Pre s s of New

England publicat ions are repre sentative of scholarlypubli shing these days

,i t may be time to amend the old

adage that you can ’t judge a book by i ts cover .Att ractively des igned and finely produced

,these books

of fi rst-rate scholarship are comparable to the volumesproduced by maj or univers ity presses

,comments

Professor Alfred Ivry,the Wal ter S tern Hilbom Professor

of Near Eas tern and Iudaic S tudies, and the chai rman of

the Brandei s editorial board .

S ince 1 974 Brandei s has been involved in the

nine-member Univer si ty Pres s of New England (UPNE )consortium

, and li s t s 28 books in i ts growing selectionof titles

,including several widely acclaimed works such

as the recently publi shed The Holocaus t in His tory ,

written by Michae l Marrus,a former guest lecturer at

Brandei s and professor of the Univers i ty of Toronto .

Sponsored by Brandeis ’ Tauber Ins ti tute for the Study ofEuropean Iewry ,

Marra s ’ book is the lates t addition to a

series of work s devoted to the his tory and culture of

European Jewry from the Renais sance to the present .The book has received extensive cri tical at tention

,and

has been chosen as a selection of both the H istory BookClub and the Jewi sh Book Club . Recently The NewYork Times Book Review commended Marrus

’ book as

the firs t comprehensive s tudy of the historiography ofNazi Germany ’s systemat ic exterm ination of the

European Jews

The author poses quest ion s that have troubled scho larsover the years : How did Nazi policy evolve to mas smurder ? Why did the Vati can and the PolishUnderground

,among o thers

,re strict their efforts at

preventing the Holocaus t ? Have Germans t ruly come toterms with their past ? Is there too l it tle or too muchattention given to the Holocaus t ? Have historianst reated this topic differently than other his to ricalevents ? In response to these queries

,Marrus analyzes

all the material that has been publi shed on the subjectand es tablishes a new tone for future discus sions ofHolocaust li terature . Now in i t s second printing

,The

Holocaust in History i s the larges t pres s run for UPNEto date

Current ly there are seven o the r volumes in this serie s .However

,the maj ority of books specifical ly produced

for Brandei s range in subject from pens ion reform in the

Uni ted S tates to a hi story of Bos ton ’s water supply,and

early American att itudes toward the insane .

con tinued on page 1 2

continued from page 8

But while the press may be a regional venture, i t i sdis tinctly not provincial . Its diverse l i s t include s some3 1 5 tit les ranging from African s tudies, biographies andJewish studies

,to music

,politics

,rel igion and sociology

to book s in tran slation . Scann ing the l i s t is l ike takingan armchair tour around the world or roaming throughdozens of interest fields : The Poems of Francois Villon ,

The BreadloafAnthology of Con temporary AmericanPoetry , HecklingHitler, Drawn to Art : A Nineteen thCen tury American Dream , Gandhi in India in His

Own Words , Women and Children in a Bengali

Village, A Lasting Relationship : Parents and Childrenover Three Cen turies , Shakespeare on Television , The

Age and S tage of George L . Fox, 1 825 - 1 8 77 are t i t les toset the imagination in motion .

Geographical ly, the pres s is also wide-ranging . Booksare di st ributed in Europe from UPNE ’

S London officeand throughout Asia and the Pacific by distributors inthat area.

”Not all of our authors are American

cit izens,

explains Thomas John son,UPNE

’

S assistantdirector . Our foreign authors want their books to bec irculated in thei r count rie s , and i t i s, of course, part ofour mission to di s seminate as broadly as pos sible .

Bes ides,i t 's good business because i t gives us a larger

market . ” Also publishers around the world seek optionson tran slation rights to UPNE ti tles ; recently, twobooks were s cheduled for German and Italian editions .

The publications have received extens ive coverage inthe scholarly and popular media from all over thecount ry as wel l as abroad . Within the pas t year

,UPNE

books have been reviewed in The New York Times

Book Review,.

A tlan tic Mon thly, the London Review ofBooks , Los Angeles Times Book Review and JerusalemPos t to mention only a few. There also have beenarticles

, author interviews or adaptations in such placesas Natural His tory, the Chronicle ofHigher Educationand Americana.

Although the UPNE is diverse and un iver sallydis tributed

,i t has a few areas of concentration of which

it is especially proud and on which it hopes to build .

Because of the regional composi tion of our membershipand our location in Hanover

,New Hampshire

,i t is only

natural that we would publish ti tles concern ing NewEngland

,

”explains McFarland.

“We feel a responsibilityto do so . Currently, 20 percent ofUPNE ’

s ti tle s aredevoted to New England subject s .

For example, a recent book, Shaker Village Views :Illus trated Maps and Landscape Drawings by ShakerArtists of the Nineteen th Cen tury by Robert P . Emlonpre sent s

,for the first t ime ever

,all known maps and

landscape drawings made by Shaker art i s t s of the 1 9thcentury : these images are s tartling since they emergefrom a communal society that con s idered the creationor even posses sion of pictures a worldly temptat ion .

Al though Shaker communi ties are not confined to New

England,Yankee terri tory was home to many of them .

The book has won a Special Merit Award in IllustratedTrade Book Design at the New England Book Show.

A sampling of other intriguing ti tles on New Englandsubject s whet the curiosi ty . Wine and Beers of OldNew England: A How-TO-Do-I t His tory i s de scribed inits preface

,with Yankee taciturni ty

,as a guide for

people who like to go to folk museums,who l ike to

collect an tiques,who l ike to renovate old house s, and

who l ike to drink .

”Another

,A Long, Deep Furrow:

Th ree Cen turies of Farming in New England was

touted by the American Historical Review as be ingmuch less concerned with the farmer as a s tat istic thanas a human being pitching hay , chopping wood ordriving cattle to market . ” As farmland di sappears fromthe landscape not only in New England, but all over thecountry, such topics are a contribution to the country ’sheri tage . Spirit ofNew England Tribes : Indian Historyand Folklore, 1 620- 1 984 by Wi ll iam S . S immons isspecial for more reasons than one . Not only i s i t arivet ing study because i t present s an unbroken thread ofhistory from the earlies t days of the coun try ’s life ti ltoday

,but the book also served a practical purpose

a source of hi s torical evidence for the continui ty andidentity of the Gayhead Indians of Martha’s Vineyard

,

Massachuset ts,when they succes s fully petit ioned the

Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1986 for legal recogni tion as

a t ribe . To add to the luster of its regional l i s t , Drawnto Art : Nine teen th Cen tury American D ream , by DianaKorzenik

,chai r of art education at Mas sachusetts

College of Art,won the Lawrence L . Winship Award

from The Boston Globe for the best book ei ther by aNew Englander or on a New England theme .

Another specialty for UPNE,which it hopes to expand

,

i s books in Jewi sh s tudies,many of them sponsored by

the Tauber Ins ti tute at Brandei s Universi ty . The

Ins ti tute studie s the his tory and cul ture of EuropeanJewry in the modern period in the context of Europeandiplomatic

,in tellectual

,poli tical and social history . The

Tauber se ries,because of its range, has a growing

populari ty among lay readers as well as scholars .

From the beginning,UPNE plann ed to become a

publishing house of the firs t rank . The Association ofAmerican University Presses has 97 member s, some ofthem venerable

,such as The John s Hopkins Universi ty

Press founded in 1 8 78 and other powerhouses such asthe pres se s at Harvard

,Prin ceton and Yale . Considering

the compet i tion,UPNE

’

S achievemen t s have beennoteworthy .

With a Yankee talent for bri sk commerce,the director

and s taff of UPNE work closely wi th the Board ofGovernors to insure a solid fi scal base for the pres s . A

key to our financial s tabili ty, claim s McFarland,

” is anaggres s ive marketing s trategy . To insure maximumexposure for our books

,we have sales representatives in

the maj or market s around the world . We al so rely onspace advert i s ing to support books tores who s tock ourbooks

,and direct mai l for tho se buyers who wish to

order directly from the publisher . ” Additional ly,a full

t ime s taff member,Doug Tifft

,devotes his time to

handling publici ty . UPNE displays books at dozens ofprofessional and t rade meet ings annual ly .

When books are being cons idered for publicat ion,we

as se ss the market aspects as wel l as editorial content .Who i s the audience

,has the author targeted the

audience for hi s or her book ; and does the book actual lyfulfil l a need are the types of ques tions we have toponde r

, adds McFarland.

Yet,as aggres s ively as they are marketed, most

scholarly books were never intended to pay forthemselves . To keep solvent

,universi ty pre s ses depend

on gifts . For in s tance,UPNE receives ongoing grant s

from the National Endowment for the Humanit iesNEH ) : an NEH grant was given last year for Louis VZ abkar’s Hymns to Isis in Her Temple at Philae,

publi shed wi th Brandeis/UPNE . An other donor i s theGetty Trust

,which supports art books

,when i t i s

important to enhance them with color plates or to printthem in folio s ize

,embellishments that a scholarly

press could never afford . Two book s,Drawn to Art:

Nineteenth Cen tury American D ream and ShakerVillage Views : Illus trated Maps and Landscape

Drawings by Shaker Artis ts of the Nineteenth Century ,were recipient s of Getty Trust ’s largesse . Anothersource of funds for the pres s in 1 988 i s the Spani shgovernment

,which gave a grant for John G . Weiger

’

s In

the Margins of Cervan tes , Univers ity of Vermont/UPNE

,a book writ ten in Engli sh

,but researched from

Spani sh literature .

The addition Of a j ournal s divi s ion thi s pas t year hasgenerated exci tement wi thin a new communi ty ofreaders . The j ournal selected to inaugurate the divi s ion

,

An throzoos, deal s wi th the interaction of people,

animals and environment . Wri tten by social scienti s t sand scient i s t s

,and appearing under the Tufts/UPNE

imprint,i t i s access ible to anyone interested in thi s

circle of relation ship s . The pre s s i s now negotiat ing fortwo other journal s .

The reputation of a press is buil t on the judgment of i tseditors and the talent s of i t s authors . Add to that ameasure of Yankee know-how and you have the perfec tformula for succes s . [ 1

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Profe ssor Emeritus of Clas s ical and Oriental S tudiesLouis Z abkar

,an authority on ancient Egyptian rel igion,

has published Hymns to the Goddess Isis in HerTemple at Philae, a current example of a book withsignifican t scholarly me ri t limited by i ts appeal to aspecialized audience . Thi s volume i s the firsttran slation

,with commentary

,of the earlies t and mos t

important hymns to the Egyp tian goddes s Isi s . Duringan expedi tion to the Is land of Philae in 1 975—77, Z abkarhad a rare opportuni ty to study and photograph eight ofthe earl iest and most important hymns to Isi s , theEgyp tian goddess of motherhood and fert ility . In hiss tudy

,he tran sliterates and t rans lates each hymn,

and

al so evaluates the relat ionship between Egyptian and

Hel leni stic hymns to Is i s . While hymns are known to

reveal a great deal about the bel iefs and religiouspractices of the ancien t Egyp t ian s , hymns to thegodde s s Isi s are les s familiar than those honoring othergods and goddesses .

The y olume is due on the bookshelve s this spring,and Z abkar reports that he i s quite pleased with theprepublicat ion respon se the book has received . Alreadyreviewed by outs tanding scholars in the field ofEgyp tology, the monograph has foun d a favorableaudience in both the Un ited State s and Europe . One

Wes t German press already has been advert i s ing thebook for the last s ix months , says Z abkar.

Because the Z abkar book contains a number ofphotographic plate s , production of the monograph wasexpens ive . Z abkar says that the editors nurtured theproduction proces s

,appreciat ing the importance of

reproducing plates of the highest photographic quali ty .

I believev

that we will have a first- rate book on our

hands,Z abkar concludes .

The proces s of selecting a work for publication involve sa rigorous examination of the manuscript by theBrandeis editorial board

,notes Alfred Ivry . Compri sing

representatives from numerous academic di sciplines,

the board encourages scholars to submit work to thechairman

, who then as s igns the manuscript to aninternal campus reader .

Ivry’

s colleagues on the board include Harry Zohn,

profes sor of German, S tanley Deser, the Enid andNathan S . Ancel l Profe s sor of Physics, Egon Bi ttner, theHarry Coplan Professor in the Social Sc iences , S ilvanSchweber

,profes sor of physics and R ichard Koret

Professor in the Hi s tory of Ideas and director, DibnerProgram in the Hi s tory of Science ; Michael G i lmore,profe s sor of English, Edward Engelberg, profe s sor ofcomparative l i terature , profes sors of history S tevenSchuker and Bernard Was sers tein, Jehuda Reinharz, theRichard Koret Professor ofModern Jewish Hi s tory anddirector

,Tauber Inst i tute, Anne Janowi tz, as si s tant

profes sor of English and American l iterature and Dana

Faculty Fellow ; and Martin Levin,profes sor of poli t ics

and director of the Gordon Public Policy Center .

If a manuscript fall s into press categories and receives afavorable ini t ial react ion

,the committee votes to send

the work to the editorial S taff in Hanover, N H . Af terthe manuscript i s approved by the UPNE editors , it i sthen subm i tted to the editorial board of the con sortiumfor final approval .

Ivry indicates that by the t ime the monograph hasreached this s tage

,i t has received a lot of attention .“We want to guarantee that we are submitting the bes t

possible work by an author . The fact that we ’recompeting with maj or univers ity pres ses encourages usto invest much hard work and time in the proces s ofselection .

”

John Hose report s that the campus editorial board i scurrently in various s tages of negotiations wi th about1 5 authors . Activi ty ranges from the discussion of ideasfor potent ial books to contract s igning with some

authors,he says .

In addition to Louis Z abkar’s monograph, otherupcoming ti tle s for the 1 988 Spring season include ThePhilosophy of Franz Rosenzweig, edi ted by PaulMendes-Flohr, and The Jews of Poland in the In terwarPeriod , edited by Profe s sor Ichuda Reinharz . D

Correction

In A Mas ter of Openness Wi thoutDisc losure ”

in the winter issue of the

Brandeis Review (p . we miss tatedthe bas is of Anne Carter ’s invi tationto IIASA las t summer .

Professor Carter was inv i ted by theadmin is trat ion of IIASA

,as a natural

consequence of her be ingon the

advi sory commi t tee to IIASA of the

American Academy of Arts andSciences

,which helps support i t .

The author, Bernard Wasserstein (left) ,photographed in 1 988 after the manner ofTrebitsch Lincoln ( righ t) 1 9 1 2 .

Bernard Wasserstein was born inLondon and educated at Balliol andNuffield Colleges , Oxford. His

p revious books include The Brit ishin Pales tine (Royal HistoricalSociety) and Bri tain and the Jews ofEurope

,1 939 - 1 945 (Oxford

University Press) . Since 1 980 he haslived in the United S tates ,

where he

is curren tly p rofessor of history and

chairm an of the his tory departmen t

at Brandeis Universi ty . The subjectof his latest book, The Secret L ivesof Trebit sch Lincoln

, published this

month by Yale Universi ty Press, isfeatured here .

by Bernard Was sers tein

There are two typ es of spy : the firs ti s the petty thief who steals s tatesecret s : he i s generally unobtrusive,int roverted and ordinary to thepoint of banal ity K laus Fuchs(’

the man who s tole the atom bomb ’ )and several of John Le Carré ’scharacters fal l into thi s category .

The second type i s the spy whorai ses espionage to the level of anart : he i s a flamboyant extrovert, aperforming flea in the ci rcus ofmodern diplomacy . Trebit schLincoln fal l s squarely into thi ssecond group . More exotic thanMata Hari

,more fantas tic than

S idney Rei lly,more brazen in his

effrontery and duplicity than KimPhi lby

,he i s today almost

completely unknown . Yet he couldboas t wi th some veraci ty that hehad bamboozled a Bri tish primemin is ter (David Lloyd Geo rge ), andthe head of the FB I . ( J . Edgar

Hoover ) and the chief of Hitler 'sGes tapo (Heinrich Himm ler ) . Secretagent

,revolut ionary and con-man

,

he l ived so many different l ives thatThe New York Times once dubbedhim a

”human chameleon . Whowas thi s arti s t of the game of

nations and how did he earn thisdubious accolade ?

lgnacz Trebi tsch, later known as

Trebit sch Lincoln,was born to a

Jewish fami ly in Hungary in 1 879 .

He began his extraordinary careerwhen at the age of 20 he convertedto Chri s t iani ty and emigrated toCanada where he worked as ami s s ionary to the Jews ofMontreal .His firs t effort was unpromi s ingsince not a s ingle Jew was convertedas a result of his activities

,and as

his evange lizing effort s collapsed ina squalid cont roversy over missionfinances

,he found it p rudent to

leave Canada in a hurry . In 1 903 he

arrived in England where he wasappointed curate in the l it tleKenti sh vi llage of Appledore . To

thi s day, as I di scovered on a recentvi s i t to that rural par ish, there are

s ti ll men in thei r ninetie s whorecal l Trebitsch ’

s s t rangelyHungarian -accented sermons intheir beautiful Norman church . But

his ministry in Appledore wasterminated abruptly after 14 monthsby his ignominious fai lure in the

ordinat ion examinations for theAnglican priesthood . Abandoninghis godly vocation

,he turned

instead to poli t ics and began the

proces s that was to lead to alifet ime of embroi lment inrevolutions

,espionage and

international intrigue .

How did a penn iless imm igrant anddefrocked curate succeed in the

s tuffy,xenophobic and snobbish

society of Edwardian England inwinning e lection to the imperialparliament at Westminster ?Trebi tsch was fortunate in securingan inf luential patron who promotedhis candidacy : Benjamin SeebohmRownt ree

,a millionai re cocoa

magnate, pioneer sociologis t andsenior figure in the Liberal party

,

took Trebitsch on as his privatesecretary in 1 906 . Rown tree was soimpres sed by his young employeethat he secured his adoption as

prospective Liberal parliamentarycandidate for Darlington

,an

industrial town in northeastEngland . In 1 9 10

,in an upset

elect ion,Trebit sch won a seat in the

House of Commons .

At the t ime of this astoni shingtriumph Trebitsch was aged jus t 30

a garrulous,overbearingly self

confident and utterly self-centeredpolitician

,who thought of him self

as a lat ter-day D israel i about toascend to the top of the greasy poleof Briti sh politic s . But the show-offtactics that had won him attentionon the hustings out l it tle ice in the

House of Commons where hislengthy orat ions were del ivered toan almos t empty chamber . In fact

,

after le s s than a year,Trebit sch was

compelled by financial difficul ties togive up his seat in Parliament . Forthe next few years he dabbled

unsucce ss fully in the Rouman ianoil indust ry

,losing all of hi s own

and a great deal of other people ’smoney . By the summer of 1 9 14 hewas totally insolvent

,deflated and

desperate .

The outbreak of the G reat War

pre sented him with his greatopportun ity to enter the profe s s ionthat he was to rai se to an art forminternational espionage . In late

1 9 1 4 Trebit sch applied at theAdmiralty for a j ob as a spy . He was

interviewed by the chief of NavalIntel l igence

,Captain Reginald Hal l

,

a no-nonsense character with adisconcerting facial twitch hencehis nom de guerre,

”Blinker Hall .

Trebitsch poured forth an elaborateand prepos terous scheme wherebyhe

,s ingle -handedly

,would win the

war for Bri tain . His proposal wasthat he work in the Bri t ish in teres tas a double agent . His firs t s tepwould be to travel to neutralHolland and s tart feeding harmle s stidbit s of information to theGerman intel ligence apparatusthere . Once he had wormed his wayinto the Germans ’ confidence

,he

would supply them wi th false dataabout B ri t i sh naval di sposi tions . Bythi s means the German G rand Fleetwould be drawn out of i t s safeharbors into the North Sea wherethe Bri ti sh Navy ,

previouslyappri sed by Trebitsch

,would be

lying in ambush . The Ge rman Shipswould be ann ihilated

,and the war

would be won"Trebit sch was brought back to earthby the sharp respon se of ”

Bl inker”Hal l who informed him curtly thathis services were not required andsent him pack ing . The

ex-parliamentarian was cut to thequick by thi s repudiation and

repaired to his club,the National

Liberal, to brood over thishumiliat ing se tback . Alas

,a further

snub awai ted him there,for he was

insulted by one of his fel lowmembers who denounced him as an

enemy al ien .

the earliest photo of Trebitsch Lincoln( 1 901 )

Revenge now became the dominantemotion spurring Trebit sch forwardrevenge against the Bri ti sh

establi shment that had firstembraced and then re jected him,

revenge agains t ”Bl inker” Hal l whoper sonified that rejection and

revenge agains t the Bri tish empireto the destruction of which hevowed to devote his l ife .

Burning with indignation againstBritain

,he went to Holland

,

contacted the German intel ligencebureau in Rotterdam and profferedhis services to the Kai ser . Unlikethe Bri ti sh

,the German s took him

seriously and he returned to Englandas an accredited German agent .Document s surviving in the

German and Austrian archives showthat he did indeed work in the

German interes t in late 1 9 1 4 and

early 1 9 1 5 . Unfortunately forTrebit sch

,however

,his activi ties

were being closely moni tored byBri ti sh counter intel ligence . In early19 1 5

,as the Bri t ish authori ties were

closing in on him,Trebi t sch

managed to Skip the country aboarda l iner heading for the Uni tedS tate s .

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as a Spy duringWorld War 1

During the years following thefailure of the Kapp putsch , Trebit schfli tted from count ry to country

,

involved in ever more convolutedand cosmopoli tan plot s with amotley as sortment of centralEuropean reactionaries and theintel ligence service s of severalS tates . In mid- 1 92 1 a reportaddressed to J . Edgar Hoover at theUS Justice Department warnedthat Trebitsch m ight be heading forAmerica. Hoover followedTrebitsch

’

s movement s with a keeneye for the next two decades , butthe peripate tic free- lance spygeneral ly kept j us t one s tep ahead .

He did,in fact

,enter the Uni ted

S tates ( i llegally ), make hi s way to

the Wes t Coas t and thendisappeared . In the course of the

1 9203 there had been report s that hehad been sighted in Japan

,in

Swi tzerland and in Afghani s tan .

one of last photos taken ( aboutnote the brand-marks on his head

Buddhist wheel of becoming,

’

were branded in his head with hotins trument s .

The truth was even more outlandishthan some of these wi ld s torie s .From the early 1 9203 onwardTrebit sch Spen t mo st of his life inChina . When he fir s t arrived therehe se rved succes sively as poli t icaladviser to three warlords engaged inthe civi l war then raging . But in

1925 he announced that he wasgiving up poli tic s al together . Thisrenegade from Judai sm and

somet ime Anglican curate nowturned to Buddhism . Taking thename Chao Kung

,

”Trebit sch

adopted the Buddhi st faith in i t sesoteric Tibetan Tant ric form .

Shedding his flashy European- s tylesui t s

,he was henceforth seen only

in oriental robes and sandal s . Afterseveral years spent S tudying thesacred Buddhis t texts

,he was

init iated as a monk,and later raised

to the level of bodhisat tva in a

ceremony at the monas tery of Paohua Shan near Nanking . The

fes tivi tie s culminated in an

exquisi tely painful ri te in which thetwe lve nidanas , spokes of the

S tyling himself ”Abbot ChaoKung

,he set up his own monas tery

at 13 1 Great Wes tern Road inShanghai . He gathered round him 1 6

acolytes,all European convert s to

Buddhism,among them both monks

and nuns . The ini tiates reveredTrebitsch as their ”Mas ter

,

” obeyedh i s every dictate and turned over alltheir worldly belongings to him .

Some of the women appear to havemade further sacrifices

,for

scandalous rumors c irculated aboutsexual advance s by the ”

abbot ”toward hi s female fol lowers . Onein part icular

,a Latvian nun cal led

Tao Lo (she had been born MargotMarkuse ), was e special ly close toTrebit sch . In 1 938 he sent her off toBudapes t to plead with theHungarian government to permithim to return to his homeland . Tao

Lo’

s arrival in the Hungarian capitalproduced a flurry of interes t in the

international press,but her plea was

re jected out of hand .

Banned from Englan d and theBri ti sh empi re

,s t ill the object of

hos tile attent ion from Hoover ’s G

men,

” refused admission t o everycountry to which he applied,Trebit sch was forced to remain inChina. More than a decade earlierhe had proclaimed his wi thdrawalfrom poli tic s ; now he was drawnback inexorably into the whirlpoolof international intrigue .

In 1 937 the Japanese had invadednorth China and advanced rapidlyagainst di sintegrating Chineseforces . Soon they moved to the veryedge of the lntemational Sett lementin Shanghai, the greates t entrepot inthe Far Eas t and symbol of Wes terncommercial and politi cal inf luencein the region . World Opinioncondemned Japanese ”

aggress ion,

but the invaders found at leas t onechampion Trebitsch Lincoln .

Discerning at last a mean s ofwreaking revenge on

”Blinker Hall

and on the who le tottering edifice of

Bri ti sh imperial i sm in Asia,he

issued a serie s of pamphlet s hai lingthe Japanese as l iberators andcivil izer s of China. The New YorkTimes even reported (probably inerror ) that he was work ing as anadvi ser to the Japanese puppetemperor ofManchukuo

,Pu Yi .

From propagandi s t it was but aShort s tep to his other old role, thatof secret agent . Shortly after theoutbreak of the Second World War

in Europe,in September 1 939,

Trebi tsch contacted agents inShanghai of the German secretintel ligence agency

,the Abwehr .

Volunteering his service s onceagain

,he propounded a new and

fantast ic scheme : as before he was

to undertake a t rip in the German

interes t but ins tead of travel ingon the ferry acros s the EnglishChann el he proposed a much moreexotic route . Trebitsch

’

s latest ideawas that he should j ourney overlandacros s northern China to Tibet .Once there he would uti lize hiscontacts in high Buddhi s t circles toenable him to e s tablish an ant iBri ti sh radio s tation that wouldbroadcast Axis propaganda intoBriti sh India and rouse the Indiansagainst the raj . S ingle-handedly,Trebi tsch again would chal lenge the

might of the B ri ti sh empire"In a

conversation with the S S . chief inthe Far East , Colonel JosephMei s inger

,Trebit sch adumbrated on

the project and sugge sted that,before setting i t in motion,

he

should be di spatched to Germany byU-boat to vi si t Adolf Hit ler .Mei singer was a hard-bitten Naziwho was to be executed in 1 947 forwar crimes . Yet he l istenedrespectfully to the ”

abbot,

and

then cabled to Berlin advisingacceptance of Trebitsch ’

s plan and

The O therwise Serious ProfessorClearly

,Bri tish -bom Bernard

Wasse rs tein,a serious scholar who

had two serious books to his creditbefore he wrote The Secret Lives ofTrebitsch Lincoln , en j oyed himselfimmen sely unravel ing the fantas ticcareer of this bizarre figure . Not

that hi s lates t book i s not seri oushis research i s prodigious

,his

exposit ion thorough,executed in

jus t the manner one would expectfrom an Oxonian .

But Wasserstein,who i s chai rman of

the his tory department thi ssemes ter

,tends to grin devi l i shly

when talking about the subject ofhis biography

,wh ich the Book-of

the-Mon th Club has chosen as an

al ternate select ion . He

acknowledge s unbegrudgingly hisrespect for this bounder and was trel,

cred i t: U S . National Arch ives

pointing out that Trebi t sch didindeed en j oy access to seniormembers of the Buddhi st hierarchy .

In conversat ion,the author speaks

indulgently about the character (inthe book

,though

,he i s

appropriately cen sorious ) as ifTrebitsch were a wayward childwho needs atten tion . His eye s glintW ith amusement behind his wirerimmed spectacles as he searches forprecisely the righ t actor to cast inthe part of Trebit sch for a movie hej okes about making .

Not everyone in Wassers tein ’sfami ly

,however

,was overjoyed

wi th hi s labor to resurrect thisinternational swindler . In the

Meisinger’

s advocacy of Trebitsch ’

s

program aroused a furor in Berlin . It

speaks volumes for the e ssentialunworldliness and fan tast icality thatlay at the base of the hal f-educated

,

brutish Nazi mentality that notonly Meisinger but his chi ef

,the

head of the SS ,Heinrich Himmler

,

evinced sympathet ic interest in the

scheme . A fierce inter-agency rowbroke out in Berlin in whi chHimmler ’s was pitted againstthe German Foreign M inist ry,headed by Joachim von R ibbentrop,who had long been jealous of thepretensions to supreme power ofHimmler ’s securi ty organizat ion .

Given the power of Himmler ’ssini s ter apparatus

,he normal ly

would have won any suchconfrontation with the ForeignMinistry . But the S S . men and

Trebi tsch were un lucky in theirtiming .

who drew him on an odyssey tomore than a dozen countries andcos t him mon ths of interminableinvestigation and wri ting .

”You

really have to admi re him for theSheer range of the effronteries thathe got away with

,

” Wasser s te in saysin his di s tinct Bri ti sh accent . ”

I

must con fess my in i tial curiosi ty for

him grew into an obsession .

”

Just as the controversy in Berlin wasat i t s height in May 1 94 1 , the

deputy Fuehrer, Rudolf Hes s,suddenly flew to Scotland on hisill -fated ”peace mission .

” When helan ded near the Duke of Hami l ton ’sestate he was found to be carryingwith him two vial s of ”sacredwater” which had

,he said

,been

obtained from the head of aBuddh i s t monas tery in Tibet . Hess

,

in fact,had been known in Berlin as

a patron of various oriental andmystical groups . Himmle r

,too

,a

deeply supersti tious man,had been

much affected by the notion thatthe roots of ”Aryan civi lization ”

were to be found in Tibet : he hadsponsored an expedition of Germanexplorers” (in reali ty, S .S . men ) toTibet three years earl ier . As soon as

Hes s ’s depar ture was disclosed,an

enraged Hitler ordered animmediate round-up of anybody inBerlin who embraced eas ternmyst ical phi losophies . Himm lerhimself took fright and drew backfrom involvement in anythingconnected with the orient

,most

notably and immediatelyTrebitsch

’

s Tibetan scheme .

foreword to his book (whichprovides a clue to the author ’shumor ), he confesses that ”my wifedisapproved of thi s project from the

out set an d has never quitereconci led herself to the fact thatTrebitsch ’

s ghos t set up residence inour household for many months . ”He adds wi th Trebit sch- like glee : I

nevertheless dedicate this book toher whe ther she l ikes i t or not .

No doubt a large Share ofWas serste in ’s readers wil l becompelled to agree wi th him,

as

they Sit riveted wi th growingincreduli ty to thi s newly publishedpage- turner

,that ”

TrebitschLincoln ’s life is a rat tling goodS tory .

”

Brenda Marder

R ibbentrop,with Himm ler ’s sullen

bles s ing,accordingly sent a s tiff

cable to Mei singer in Shanghaiordering him to cease all contactwith Trebitsch .

Yet even thi s seemingly defini tiverebuff did not halt Trebitsch ’

s

re lations with the Nazi apparatus inShanghai . When the Japaneseattacked the lntemational

Set tlement in Shanghai, inDecember 1 94 1

,immediately af ter

Pearl Harbor,Trebit sch carved out a

new role as l ink-man be tween hisShady German friends and theKempeitai, the Japanese secretpolice . Evidence in US counterintel ligence fi le s as well astestimony presented at pos twartrial s of German war criminal sconfirm his act ivity in thi s squal idoccupation .

The manner of Trebitsch ’

s deathseemed

,on the face of things

,oddly

at varian ce wi th the melodrama ofhis l ife . In October 1943 newsreports circulated that he had diedafter an operation in the GeneralHospi tal in Shanghai . An art icle inBuddh ist China , a Japanesepropaganda organ

,carried

photographs of his funeral,

at tended by his many friends andacquaintances of different nat ions .But did Trebit sch really die in a

hospi tal bed? Postwar investigationsby j ournali s t s fai led to locate hispurported grave in the ShanghaiMunicipal Cemetery ; and hisdoctor

,when interviewed

,confes sed

that he knew nothing of the allegedillnes s and demise of his formerpat ient in 1 943 . Did Trebit schperhaps s tage his own funeral (after

or perhaps one should say beforethe manner of Harry Lime in The

ThirdMan ) in order to throwpursuers off the scent ? Did he justconceivably fulfi ll hi s long-heldambi tion of travel ing to Tibet ? Sucha scenario would have beenthorough ly in character and a

fitt ing climax to a l ifetime ofchicanery .

In early 1 947 a pos tcard wasdispatched from the Indian hil ltown ofDarjeel ing, not far from the

wes tern border of Tibet,to a

j ournal i s t in Ceylon . The postcarddeclared : ”

You m ight be glad tohear that I am not dead but s till upand k icking"” Was i t posted byTrebit sch himself ( for i t bore hiss ignature ) or by some practicalj oker ? We shall probably neverknow . But i t was a suitablymysterious coda to the bizarresymphonie fan tas tique composedand performed throughout hi s lifeby the great vi rtuoso

,Trebi tsch

Lincoln .

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The murder of six-year-old Elizabeth S te inberg in New

York this past November,allegedly by her adoptive

father,i s a shocking example of child cruel ty that rai se s

serious ques tions about how adequately courts,the

police,chi ld protect ion agencies

,neighbors and school

teacher s safeguard children in grave physical danger .Elizabeth Steinberg paid with her l ife for society ’sfai lure .

As an historian who has s tudied the evolution of soc ialconcern about family violence in United S tates hi story

,

I can draw some smal l comfort from noting the progressmade in the last 30 years or so .

In the 1 9503 family violence was bel ieved to be a rare,virtually unknown phenomenon . Now we know i t tobe an all-too-common occurrence

,which requires

immediate and coordinated action . Fami ly V iolence i s ageneral term cove ring varied types of abuse . Modernconcern about family violence m ight be said to beginwith the interest in the physical abuse of children in1 962 of C . Henry Kempe . Kempe

,a Denver pediat rician

,

and four of his medical colleagues published an articlein the prest igious Journal of the American MedicalAssocia tion , entitled ”

The Battered Child Syndrome .

Time and the Saturday Evening Pos t publicizedKempe ’s article , ”

Dragnet” and”Ben Casey” soon

featured programs about abused children . The Uni tedStates Children ’s Bureau and other governmen t agenciesfunded large research projects to uncover the causes ofchild abuse and i t s prevalence . Juveni le courtcommissions scrutini zed their guidelines in order tosafeguard the rights of the child . Between 1 963 and

1967, every state pas sed a child abuse reporting bill,usual ly after lobbying by pediatrician s . To encouragethe public as wel l as profes s ionals to report abuse

,

many states also e s tablished 24-hour telephone hotline sand commi s sioned televi sion and radio advertising .

Final ly,the first piece of federal legislation against

fami ly violence was enacted : the Child AbusePrevention and Treatment Act of 1 973 . Enough timehas now pas sed since the publication of Kempe ’s articleto examine both the reasons behind soc ial concernabout chi ld abuse and the maj or ideas that animatedKempe and other like-minded reformers .

A s imple explanation for the heightened interest inchild abuse

,one migh t erroneously assume

,was that

the incidence of i t was on the ri se . In“The Battered

Child Syndrome, ” Kempe and his collaborators claimedthat hospital s were com ing acros s an increased numberof cases . But were these cases the resul t of theestabli shment of hospital -based teams of physicians andsocial workers wi l ling to recognize abuse

,or an actual

increase in battering ? Criminal s tatistics cast doubt onthe idea that family violence was soaring at that t ime .

Fami ly murder i s the one severe form of domesticviolence forwhich the most accurate s tat is tical recordsare kept throughout the country . In 1 962, the rate of

dome s tic murder ( including parent-child hom icide ) wasby 20th -century standards fairly low— only deathsper or 70 percent below the figure a decadelater . Thus

,family v iolence

,according to this evidence ,

was actual ly relatively uncommon in 1 962, and onlyrose later

,after the problem was discovered .

Ins tead,the origins of concern about chi ld beating can

be found in the profe s s ional response to the outbreak ofjuvenile del inquency in the 1 9503 . The specter ofviolent teenagers menacing the public compelled socialworkers to abandon thei r profe s s ional offices and reachout to t roubled youth . One means of combat tingjuveni le delinquency

,social workers argued

,was aiding

the neglected child . The young child whose home l ifecould be salvaged m ight be rescued from a career ofcrime . The American Humane Assoc iation (AHA ) was acentury -Old private chari ty concerned about childwelfare . Under the leadership of i ts new pre s ident

,

Vincent De Francis,the AHA pioneered in the

development of ”aggress ive casework, ” intervent ion inneglect ful familie s when the caseworker had not beenexplicitly invited by the parents . They al so surveyed theextent of child neglect

,and discovered the inadequacy

of social services across the country to protect suchchildren . In turn

,the AHA alerted the United S tates

Children ’s Bureau to the prevalence of the problem,and

the Bureau funded the research of Kempe and others .Kempe ’s survey of the extent of severe battering ofinfant s and young children was then used todemon strate that a new and serious social problemexi sted .

Al so,the social atmosphere of the late 1 9503 and early

1 9603 made i t easier for chi ld abuse to be discovered .

The growth of public and profes s ional concern aboutbat tered children occurred in the early 1 9603

,a t ime of

social turbulence and national reform . Jobs wereplentiful , inflation was low, and average fami ly incomewas ri s ing : i t was a decade of national econom icprosperity . In a spiri t of soc ial jus tice, Optimism aboutthe government ’s capacity to solve social problems andpublic generos i ty, Congress appropriated large sums forsocial welfare spending .

In the late 19503 and early 1 9603 the nation was forcedto honor i ts long overdue commitment to equal just icefor all. In the South

,black demonstrators and freedom

riders were beaten and haras sed while attempting toexercise their basic cons ti tutional right s . The vigorousprotest s orche strated by the civi l rights movement toel iminate racial di scrimination created a nat ional c ri si sof conscience that compelled the federal gove rnment torespond . From the s treets to the courts

,the dominant

moral concern of the decade was the protection ofminority legal rights . A children ’s liberat ion movement

,

much smaller in scope than campaigns on behalf ofminority groups or women

,at tracted support

,especially

from lawyers,wri ters and social crit ics . Children

,the

liberat ionists argued,Should enj oy the same

constitutional rights as adults (wi th the exception ofthe right to vote ) . Supporters of children ’s rights wan tedto guarantee children thei r legal right s in order toprotect them agains t the arbitrary authority of juveni lecourt judges , governm en t agencies and abusive parents .

While the climate of the 1 9603 may have encouragedthe di scovery of child abuse

,i t took the effort s of smal l

groups of reformers to bring the matter to publicattention . The AHA and the Children ’s Bureau providedthe ini tial s timulus

_

for increased attention, the AHAdefined the problem not as child abuse but as neglectand was mainly intere s ted in providing improved socialservices . In fact

,the defini t ion of abuse as neglect may

have been more accurate,since about two-thirds of

child abuse reports alleged neglect— ac ts of parentalomiss ion

,such as fai lure to provide food

,c lothing

,

medical care or adequate supervi sion— with no mentionof physical or sexual as sault of the child .

There was one feature of x-ray evidence that lentsupport to accusat ions against parent s . X-rays couldreveal bone frac tures in var ious S tages of healing and inlocations that had already healed

,suggest ing in juries

that had occurred more than once . Thus radiologicalevidence could cast doubt on the claim of a parent orguardian that a chi ld had not been previously in jured .

Why did physicians not call attent ion to other forms offam ily Violence as they did to battered babies ? Hospitalemergency rooms nightly treated older chi ldren and

adult vict im s of all k inds of family v iolence . The

abused patient s of pediatricians and radiologi s ts,however

,were mainly infant s . The suffering of the

inn ocent and helples s young child— who, unl ike theolder child or adul t woman

,could not be accused of

provocation— made a powerful claim on the medicalconscience .

Yet if the i ssue had been presented as child neglect,as

the AHA proposed,there would have been far fewer

demonstration programs and far less federal funding . In

most cases, neglect i s intertwined with the i l l effect s ofpoverty, and of inadequate housing and child care . As a

social i s sue,i t would have been packaged as part of

social welfare Spending or ant i-pove rty programs .Whereas if the problem were defined as abuse, separateand presumably larger amoun ts of funds might go intoprograms and research on behalf of abused andneglected children .

However,to capture the public interes t and gain the

attent ion of the print media and televi s ion,the medical

profession,particularly radiologi st s and pediatri cians

,

provided a new approach to child abuse and neglect .The medical discovery of child abuse was ini tiated bypediatric radiologis ts studying the x-rays of childrenwho had suffered fractures or blows to the skull . Thefirs t separate x-ray departmen t in a children ’s hospi talhad been e s tabli shed in the mid-1 9303 . About 1 5 yearslater

,radiologist John Caffey, a profes sor of pediatrics at

Columbia University,noted how frequently one found

in children subdural hematomas resul ting from headin juries or as sociated with fractures of their long bones .Caffey was not will ing to speculate on what caused thein j uries . His peer s

,sl ight ly less circumspect

,blamed

childhood acciden ts on ”parental careles snes s ” and

suggested that a child ’s inj uries arose from playingcrack-the-whip with others

,a parent tugging roughly on

a chi ld ’s arm or playful tossing of a child back and forthto a family friend . In 195 7 Caffey reexamined hi soriginal data and concluded that the in juries might havebeen caused by del iberate parental as sault . O therradiologi s t s gradual ly came to the same conclusion as

Caffey .

Radiologi s t s turned out to be much better observers ofchi ld battering than pediat ri cians precisely because theydid not personal ly know the child or the child ’s parents .They may al so have had professional motives forbecoming involved in child abuse . Radiology was atthat t ime a les s pres tigious medical specialty, as i t didnot have the drama of surgery or of re scuing patient sfrom the edge of death . Cases of child abuse broughtradiologists closer to saving lives . Rarely before hadarticles by radiologi st s appeared in the Journal of theAmerican MedicalAssociation and received so muchfavorable at tention from colleagues in other special ties .

Radiologist s j oined forces with pediat ri cians andpsychiat ri s t s

,particularly under the leadershi p of the

dynamic and dedicated C . Henry Kempe . Kempe, whowas born in Germany

,fled the Nazis before World War

II . He received his undergraduate and medical educationat the Univers ity of California at Berkeley . Trained asan immunologi s t

,he s tudied the response of patient s

suffering from complicat ions of smallpox vacc ination s .He and his w ife

,al so a pediat rician

,were the authors of

a wel l-regarded textbook in pediatri cs . By 1 956, Kempewas supervi sing pediatric in terns at the University ofColorado Medical Center . Al though he came acros smany cases of child abuse at the hospital, the housestaff refused to bel ieve i t and diagnosed the in juries asobscure bruis ing

,osteogenesi s imperfecta trada or

spontan eous subdural hematoma .

Kempe inven ted a key te rm,the“bat tered child

syndrome,

” quite by accident . As chai r of the programcommi ttee of the American Academy of Pediat rics

,he

organized a plenary session on child abuse . Two yearsbefore he had delivered a paper before this groupentitled

,

”Parental Criminal Neglect and SeverePhysical Abuse of Chi ldren .

”A fel low pediat ri cian

suggested that he should choose another,more

attention-get ting ti tle . A decade later Kempe admi ttedthat the term he popular ized was unclear, al though hehad intended to refer to nonaccidental physical in jury toa chi ld .

Kempe ’s art icle also suggested that abusers hadthemselves been abused as children . Child abuse or

neglect resulted from a” cycle of violence” in which

parents (pre sumably fathers as wel l as mothers ) whohad been m istreated now abused their own children . In

a section of the paper labeled ”psychiat ric aspects,

Kempe and his coauthors argued that the parent hadbeen injured even before being able to speak and mighthave repres sed thi s early abuse . By treat ing the childthe way they had been treated, parent s ident ified withtheir aggres sive mothers or fathers . Thus, abusiveparent s repeated the cruel t ies they had suffered . Thiscycle of violence ” theory provided the rat ionale fortherapeutic interven tion

,even if the parent at firs t

objected . The more abusive the childhood, the greaterthe unwillingnes s of the parent to seek help . Wi thouttherapeutic inte rvent ion

,Kempe held

,the child was in

danger of growing up to become a batterer or violentcriminal .

Chi ld guidance workers,many of them trained in child

psychiatry, firs t proposed the cycle of violence theory inthe 1 9203 . But they did not sugge s t that some

underlying psychological process was involved . Somechildrearing expert s a decade before had argued thatabused children became doting rather than assaultiveparent s because they wanted to compensate for howthey had been t reated . In at tempting to val idate thecycle of violence theory, researchers found themselvesunable to es tablish s trong correlations between an

abusive childhood and adult s who became abuser s .Mos t s tudie s purporting to prove the l ink had nocompari son group and were based on smal l samples .Many abused children grew up in deprived

,

multiproblem famil ies,where other factors may have

contributed to early learning of aggres sion .

The medical defini t ion of abuse res ted on the bel ief thatchild abuse was a ” syndrome

,

” that i s,a set of

symptom s associated with a disease . According to thispoint of V iew

,parent s were unwi lling at firs t to confes s

to in juring the child and might even have been unawarethat they were suf fering from an i llness . Up to thist ime

,many social work profes s ional s had argued that if

parents refused help,nothing more could be done . The

View of abuse as an i l lnes s,however

,appeared to jus tify

even the uninvited intervention of doctors,t rained in

correctly diagnosing and t reat ing disease . Physiciansalso cri t icized social worker s for the prompt return of

an in jured chi ld to the parent s, social worker s,physicians maintained

,were insufficiently worried

about the phys ical safety of the child,bel ieving they

could treat the abusive parent without removing thevictim . Physicians al so favored much greaterinvolvement of the courts in child abuse cases than wasgenerally done at the t ime .

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BI'

GS

Interv iew withProfessor ofEconomics Barney K .

Schwalberg

Barney K . Schwalbergis p rofessor of By it s very defin ition,pere s troika

economics at Brandeis and seniorresearch associate a t the Russian

Research Cen ter at HarvardUniversity . Once an analys t withthe U S . Bureau of the CensusForeign Manpower Research Office,

he joined the Brandeis faculty in1 965 ,

teaching courses in economictheory ,

comparative economicsystems , the Sovie t economy andthe economics of education . He

received his B A . from the

University of Pennsylvania and his

Ph .D . in economics from HarvardUniversi ty . He has writtenextensively on Soviet labor andeducational issues anddevelopmen ts in the Sovieteconomy . His most recen t article isSoviet Labor Policy UnderGorbachev .

( restructuring ) implie s economicchange of a k ind never before seenin the Soviet Union ’s 7 1 -yearhistory . Confronted by di smayingcompari sons of a Soviet economylagging far behind it s We s terncounterpart s, General SecretaryM ikhai l Sergeyevich Gorbachevi s sued a series of reform directivesthat if successful wi ll loosenthe grip of central control over theplanned economy and curb theeroding practice of fixed subsidizedpri ces .

Frustrated by a workforce describedas apathetic

,indifferent

,di shone st

and alienated, Gorbachev hopes his

restructuring drive wil l correct theeconomic ill s of communi sm .

by Judi th B . Powell

Many decades of being mesmerizedby dogma

,by a rule -book approach,

have had their effect, Gorbachev

wri tes in Peres troika, which waspubli shed in the United S tates priorto the December summit . ”

Todaywe want to introduce a genuinelycreative spiri t into our theoret icalwork .

The general secretary predictssubstantial economic incremen ts asa result of the ”creative spiri t” ofres truc turing . According to his plan,

the growth rate of output (Net

Material Product ) per worker wil lri se from the low of percent perannum to more than 5 percent perannum during the 1 9903 .

Profes sor of Economics Barney K .

Schwalbergi s skeptical aboutGorbachev ’

s rosy economic forecast .He maintains that the succes s ofperes troika i s contingent upons imultaneous breakthrough s in the

following areas : the acceleration Ofscient ific and technical progres s

,

the dismantling of the overlycentralized system of managementand the improvement of laborrelations . It i s the last of these thati s the subject of Schwalberg’

s recentresearch . To date

,he says

,

Gorbachev’

s labor relat ionsdirectives have been met with scornand quiet protes t by workersreluctant to give up the ”old way .

Schwalbergexplain s that thecombination of measures containedin the labor relations ’ reformpackage would introduce freshelement s into the life of the bluecollar worker that represent newpressures

,new tensions and new

social arran gements . ”As

cumbersome and disaffecting as theold system was

,the Rus sian people

have adapted to it . For the lowstandard of living it produced

,i t

still held certain consolations . Andwhat Gorbachev is doing now isupsetting to them . Es sent ial ly

,he i s

trying to energize the workers toend the widespread al ienation and

cyn ici sm that prevails throughoutthe society .

”

Schwalbergi s well qual ified todiscuss the Soviet blue collarworkers ’ reaction to perest roika .

Aside from s tudying and lecturingon the Rus sian economy for morethan three decades

,he has vi s ited

the Soviet Union twice,where he

met and interviewed a number ofRussian official s . As a scholar and

economist,he is fascinated by the

Soviet proletariat and has had theopportuni ty to talk with themduring his vi s it s .

A reform in labor relations i s key torai s ing productivity and growthrates among the Soviet blue collarworker

,he assert s . ”

Growth by’

extens ive ’ means must give way togrowth by ’inten sive ’ means . Thatis

,growth in labor productivi ty

must become the principal source ofeconomic expansion if the society isto move forward .

”

Cit ing a public opinion survey takenin the Moscow area by Professor V.

Ivanov,director of Moscow ’s

Ins ti tute of Sociological Research,

Schwalbergsays the fol lowingquotation be st summarize s theprevai l ing mood among Sovietfactory workers .

”Today , most

people are aware of peres troika onlyas a growing tens ion at work the

closer one is to production,the

lower i s one ’s assessment of theproce s ses that are taking place .

”

Explains Schwalberg, Thi s candidadmission

,s triking even in the

period of glasnost (opennes s ),suggest s some important facts aboutthe Gorbachev reform program . One

is the necessity of the res tructuringeffort to create changes in the

workplace and in labor relationsmore broadly . And the second i s theadm i ssion that large segments of theblue collar factory workforce, thecore of the industrial proletariat

,are

not enthusias tic about what theyhave seen of the early stages ofperest roika.

”If and when the program as a wholebears frui t in terms of higher l ivings tandards, adequate housing, betterquality consumer goods and betterworking conditions

,the att itude of

the blue collar worker may wel lchange

,

”Schwalbergconcedes . But

an importan t fact about perest roikai s that from the per spective of theordinary blue collar worker

,the

burdens of the program are

substan tial and immediate whilethe benefits are uncertain and

dis tant ."

He describes Gorbachev ’

s approachto labor relat ions as a carrot andstick methodology .

”On the one

hand,Gorbachev wants to create

opportuni ties for people and providethem with incent ives to work

,and

on the other hand he uses ’

the s tick ’to compel workers to behavedifferent ly .

”

Three reform in i tiative s containedin the labor relations component ofperestroika will substantially al terthe l ife of the Soviet factory worker .Schwalberglabel s the se ini tiativesas labor discipl ine

,wage reform and

the organizat ion of labor into groupsof workers sharing commonproduction as s ignment s

,cal led

brigade s .

He maintain s that in the firs tini tiative

,labor discipline

,

Gorbachev real izes that he can ’t relyon voluntary cooperat ion and

participation from the workers .The mini stry mus t exert explici tpres sures on them to rai se thequali ty of output

,to thwart

absenteei sm and drunkennes s andto insure that orders are obeyed .

”

Because of poor workman ship andslack work habits

,a quali ty control

program has been imposed in the

factories,which i s an example of

one of Gorbachev ’

s” s ti cks . ” Wi th

thi s measure,outside quali ty

control inspectors are sent tothousands of maj or plants with themandate to re ject the product s thatdo not meet s tandards . SaysSchwalberg, Before peres troika

,

qual i ty cont rol was handled by thefactory itself . What the inspectorshave done now i s increase the re jectrate the proportion of output thati s found unacceptable . Under thenew program workers don ’t get paidfor what i s re jected

,and so many

have suffered subs tan t ial los ses ofearnings . Natural ly

,the workers are

out raged,and a numbe r of

demonst rations at maj or fac torieshave occurred

,even in Moscow .

”

The mini s try i s applying anothers tick” in the area of labordiscipl ine : a vigorous anti-alcoholcampaign . The cos t of vodka i s up

,

the supply i s down and the hoursthat liquor s tores are open havebeen shortened . Widespreadacrimony among the Russian peoplehas been the re sponse .

Schwalbergexplains that the oldsys tem insured an equal izing ofwages

,where no one was too poor

or too rich .

”Gorbachev real ized

that thi s was te rrible for incentivesbecause there was no reason towork hard everyone was takencare of . N0 one worried whetheryou were on time for work or howmuch you produced . The Sovietworker was used to that kind ofslack atmosphere .

Now the caps are being removed .

There is no l imi t to how much youcan earn as long as i t can belegitimately t ied to your output .You can see how this can beupsett ing to people . To some i t wil lbe an incent ive . To many otherpeople i t mean s that there i s goingto be an inequali ty of earnings . In a

somewhat poor society,he

continue s,

equali ty of earnings i s atype of consolat ion . These workersknow they are not l iving likecapital i s ts

,but s till

,they are l iving

like everybody else in thei r society .

As a resul t,resentment is bui lding

among those worker s who aren ’twil ling to work harder for bet terwages .

Schwalbergdefines brigades asgroups of worker s who shareproduction as signments andrewards . ” Joint re sponsibili t ies

,j oin t

effort s and j oint remunerat ion are to

replace the ’obsolete individualism ’

of the t raditional piece rate .

”

The brigade format i s expected toelici t productivi ty gains in a varietyof ways

,he cont inues . ”

Becausebrigade members will have a stakein one another ’s performance

,

violat ions of labor discipline shouldnot go unnoticed or unpuni shed .

Workers should become morewilling to inst ruct

,to assist and to

fi ll in for one another,even in

undes irable assignments . ”

The shared income of the brigadehas already di scouraged a number oftop

” worker s from joining brigadesvolun tari ly . Explains Schwalberg,Such ’

aces,

’as the Soviet s cal l

them, s tand to lose as the effects oftheir superi or productivity areshared by the whole brigade ratherthan being captured ent ire ly bythemselves . ”

Resi s tance to brigade s al so i sant icipated among lazy workerswho have found a comfortable nichein the old system . These are peoplewho are accus tomed to not workinghard

,and who view the drive

toward efficiency as disrupting totheir relaxed routine .

Gorbachev’

s second init iative in the

area of labor relations is wagereform . The general secretary i smoving the Soviet sys tem awayfrom the historic ” leveling” ofearnings by removing caps andoffer ing incentives to the prole tariat .This strategy is intended to be a”carrot” to workers

,providing them

with additional earning power .Again

,however

,the program has

been met with resi s tance .

This resentment of material gain,

explains Schwalberg, i s termedaggres s ive envy” by one prominentRus sian econom i s t . ”

The prevail ingatti tude among Rus sians is thatearning rubles a month i s O .k.

,

but rubles i s too much .

”

rubles i s about at the

official exchange rate,but i ts

purchas ing power i s considerablyless )

The final ini tiative that fal l s underthe labor relation s component ofperes troika i s the promotion of the

brigade sys tem of labor organization .

Here, too,Gorbachev

’

s at tempt toencourage productivi ty i s beinggreeted with res i s tance among theSoviet blue collar worker .

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Michael Guttenberg '

89 (left) is one of aselect group of s tudents specially trained toguide visitors on an inform ative tour ofcampus . Demand for admissions tours 1 8high , and guides are carefully chosen from a

large group of volun teers .

A few weeks ago,the Univer s ity

made its final decisions onadmitting members to the freshmanclas s for fall 1 988 . The team thatcarr ied out the admis sions effort forBrandeis is a l ively, dynami c, upbeatcrew who travel throughout thecount ry and abroad in search ofapplicant s with special qualit ies .

Like coun selors from other highlyselective inst itutions

,they work to

attract bright s tudent s . But equal lyimportant i s thei r search forindividual s : young people whopos ses s an unusual talent

,a rare

accomplishment,a dis tinctive tum

of—mind young people who haveused their resources wel l .

The team of 14, headed by Dean ofAdmission s and Financial Aid DavidGould, has e stabli shed a proce ss tocarry out the recruitment effort .Review photographer

,Julian Brown,

has highl ighted some s tep s in thatprocess to give us an idea of howthe C las s of 1 992 came to knowBrandei s .

Dean David Gould (left) answers questionsabout Brandeis for three s tudents atConcord/Carlisle High School in Concord,

Mass . Visits to 600 high schools each yearput admissions represen tatives in contactwith more than seniors interested inBrandeis .

Arlene Cash. associate director, leavescampus headed forA tlan ta, one ofmanyrecruiting trips she and the rest of theadmissions teammake each year.Recruitment travel takes Brandeiscounselors to most major cities and regionsacross the United S ta tes and , on occasion , to

Europe and Latin America . After thousandsof hours logged at several hundred highschools and 75 college fairs , they will havepersonally con tacted more thanprospective applicants .

Jack Fracasso. assistant director, ( righ t)works with Brandeis publications designer,Charles Dunham, to select photographs for anew admissions brochure, which will serveas an importan t source of information aboutBrandeis for prospective applicants .

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Bookshelf

Faculty

The Experience and

Managemen t of ChronicIllness

Peter Conrad, associateprofessor of sociology andJulius A . Roth

JAI Press

This volume,published in

the Research in the

Sociology ofHealth Careseries, is a col lection of

research-based sociologicalanalyses of the experienceof il lness . The authors alladopt the patient ’sperspective in examiningi llness experience . The

book inc ludes theoreticaldiscussion on the sociologyof il lness

,the role of the

body,individuals ’

biographies and identi typroblems of the chron ical lyi ll . There are also chapterson the experience andmanagement of end s tagerenal disease, multiplesclerosis, diabe tes,hypoglycemia and urinaryincont inence . It is the firs tcol lection specificallydevoted to research on the

subjective worlds of i l lness .

Jerusalem Plays Hide and

Seek

Ariella Deem (Goldberg) ,late adjunct associateprofessor of Hebrew and

director of the HebrewLanguage Program

The Jewish PublicationSociety

Jerusalem Plays Hide andSeek begins on an IndianSummer day in the streetsof Bos ton as the heat of theautumnal sun transportsthe author back to herbeloved Jerusalem. Caughtup in a day dream, she isdrawn into an ant iqueshop, where she purchasesa large oblongbox for herhusband . It is not unti l sheis outside the shop that shediscovers the hiddentreasure a cache ofantique glass s l ides of the

area around Jerusalem. AS

Deem searches for theorigin of the s lides

,she

weaves a s tory that is bothfantasy and autobiography .Her tale takes place in1 9 th-century Jerusalem

,

and yet the reader imaginesa much earlier t ime the

days of Abraham,Isaac and

Jacob . The story isi llustrated by reproduc tionsof the sl ides that soinspired the wri ter on thatbalmy Boston day .

Originall y published inHebrew

,this is the firs t

translated edit ion.

Kiddush Hashem : Jewish

Religious and Cultural Lifein Poland during theHolocaus t

David E . Fishman,assistant

professor of Eas t EuropeanJewish history and cul ture

,

trans .Yeshiva Universi ty PressK iddush Hashem,

(”Sanctification of God ’sname by martyrdom”

) isthe first ful l publication of

Rabbi Shimon Huberband’

s

col lected personalobservations of events inthe Warsaw Ghetto duringthe Holocaust . Recentlytranslated from the

Y iddish, the book is adefini tive tes timony of thereligious aspects of Jewishagony and martyrdom in

the ghet toes . ”Huberband

’

s

aim is to redeem names ,names of communi t ies andnames of individuals . Whowas shot where

,who was

hanged where, ” said E l ieWiesel in his review of the

archive . Kiddush Hashemis a wide-rangingreport,coveringevery aspect ofGhetto l ife, includingreligious li fe , cul turalactivi ties and thecontinued c landestinestudy ofTorah .

Essays : Personal andImpersonal

Mil ton Hindus,professor

emeri tus of humani tiesB lack Sparrow PressHindus ’ 14th book is acombination of intimateautobiography andobjective li terary cri ticismand history . The firs t threeessays deal wi th membersof Hindus ’ fami ly and hisown poli tical developmentwhich took him from

extreme radicalism to

moderate conservat ism .

The remainingessaysinclude such personali tiesas Wal t Whitman and

Robert Frost . Othersubjec ts

,representingthe

author’s diverse in terests,are : Charles Reznikoff

,

Whittaker Chambers as apoet

,IrvingBabbi tt,

Socrates,Thoreau

,Marcel

Proust and Louis-FerdinandCeline .

The Political Hand : PolicyImplemen tation and YouthEmploymen t Programs

Mart in A . Levin,professor

of pol i tics andBarbara Ferman

The authors examine thepossibil i ties and l imi ts ofpol icy implementationthrough a cri tical analysisof problems encounteredwith youth employmentprograms . In a posi tiveapproach

,Levin and

Ferman focus on successfulprograms and highlight theelements of such modelsthat produce effective and

desireable resul tsprograms whose executivesprovide the public sector ’smissing”poli tical hand . ”They view pol icymakingas a process of errordetect ion and correctionand they further stress thatthis process mus t aim to

resolve the obstacles in i tscourse and then fol lowthrough toward intendedgoals . The text wil l aidstudents who are S tudyingpublic administrat ion

,

public pol icy,congress and

the presidency and wil lserve as a useful guide intheir profess ional careers .

Israel: The Ever-DyingPeople and Other EssaysBen jamin Ravid

,

Mayer and Jenn ie Weisman

Professor of JewishHistory

,ed.

Farleigh D ickinsonUniversi ty PressThis collect ion of 12

essays,several appearing

here for the firs t time in

English, by the late S imon

Rawidowitz,Phi l ip Lown

Professor of JewishPhilosophy and HebrewLi terature and firstchairman of the

Department ofNearEastern and Judaic S tudies

,

deals wi th issues ofcontemporary Jewishhistory and cul ture

,and

proposes a new ideology forrelations between the S tateof Israel and the Diasporaand for Jewish life in the

Diaspora. Of specialre levance are excerpts froman interchange of let tersbetween Rawidowitz and

David Ben Gurion on the

uni ty of the Jewish people .

Also ofgreat historicalinterest is a short essay byRawidowitz wri t ten in1948 whi le residinginEngland, protestingonideological grounds theadvice of ChaimWeizmann that AmericanJewry should not waste i tsresources by establishingaJewish sponsoreduniversi ty in the Uni tedStates . Rawidowitz couldnot know then that threeyears later he would beinvi ted by then Pres identAbram Sachar to join thatuniversi ty, whose founderswere unaware of hisdefense of the school ’sright to existence .

Bernard Wasserstein,

professor of history andJ.A .S . GrenvilleMethuenThis revised and extendededi tion of J.A .S . Grenville

’

s

handbook of contemporarytreat ies provides texts ofthe major in ternationalagreements conc ludedsince the Second WorldWar

,together wi th

historical background andanalysis

,complete up to

November 1986 .

Introductory sections helpmake the treaty textsintel ligible and accessibleto studen ts of internat ionalrelations, modern historyand international law as

we l l as the general readerinterested in internationalpol i tics .

Alumni

Sartre 3 Second Cri tiqueRonald Aronson,

M .A .

’

65 ,Ph .D.

’

68

Universi ty of Chicago PressAronson provides extens ivecommentary on the secondvolume of Sartre ’s Critiquede la raison dialectique .

Since the second Critiqueleaves man y of Sartre ’sconceptual problemsunresolved, Aronson’scommentary can be used asa step-by-step guidethrough the dense text . Hedemonstrates that the cruxof the entire Critiquepro ject l ies in volume two,which reveals Sartre ’spol i tical and theoreticalevolution . Aronsonproposes his own solutionsto dilemmas raised bySartre

,contributingoriginal

phi losophical and historicalreflection on the issues ofour century .

The Mys tery of the Bay euxTapes tryDavid J . Bernstein ’

62

Universi ty of Chicago PressThe Bayeux Tapestry,commissioned around 1066by Wil l iam the

Conqueror ’s half brother,B ishop Odo of Bayeux, isfi lled wi th detai leddepict ions of the Norm an

Conquest, which,paradoxically, were almostcertainly the work ofAnglo-Saxons, notNormans . The authorinvestigates this paradoxand at tempts to solve thequestion ofwhether theintricate images reflec t aNorman or an Engl ishpoint of v iew. Bernsteinstudies the circumstancesin which the Tapestry was

made,i ts style and format

,

and how i ts version of

history frequently differsfrom accounts bycontemporary authors . Heconcludes that the masterartis t found subtle ways ofinsertinghis owninterpretat ions of history,and thus a workcommiss ioned as 3Norman triumphalmonument may have adifferent and subversivemessage . The text isaccompan ied by over 1 80i llustrations

,many in

co lor.

LivingHungry in America

J . Larry Brown, MS W.

'

70,

Ph .D .

’

7 1 and H F. P izerMacmi l lanOn the eveningof February26

,1 985 , national

te levision networks carriedthis i tem at the top of theirnews broadcasts : 20 yearsafter the advent of the FoodS tamp program ,

some 20

mi l l ion American s werestil l hungry and theproblem was get tingworse .

A year later, PresidentReagan defended hisadm inistration,

sayingthehungry were s imply tooignorant to know where toget food . LivingHungry inAmerica is the chronicle of

Joan Burbick, M .A .

’

73,Ph .D.

’74

Un iversi ty of PennsylvaniaPress

Henry David Thoreauwrote a unique form of

natural history in whichnature became the basis forperceiving, justifyingandunderstandingall human

ac tion . Burbick s tandsapart from the

conventional cri ticism of

Thoreau that his workwas a denial of history anda retreat into nature and

asserts that he examinednature to wri te an

al ternative history in an

at tempt to redefine therelationship of human kindand the natural world .Burbick traces thedevelopment ofThoreau’sideas on history ,

nature,

language and perceptionthroughout his work andstresses the importance ofhis Journal and late natureessays

,works frequently

neglected by Thoreauscholars .

Studies in Power and Classin Africa

IrvingLeonard Markovitz’

56, ed.

Oxford Universi ty Press,New York

A host of contributors,

representinga cross sect ionof poli tical perspectivesand disciplinarybackgrounds, analyzescontemporary Africanpoli tics wi th specialemphas is on the concept ofsocial class . The 1 3 studiesin this book cover thecontinent from Algeria toSouth Africa

,from Ethiopia

to Ghana,dealingwi th

aspects of a s ingle theme :

who gets what, when,

where and why andwho

gets left out . Theyrecognize the importanceof the state

,re ligion,

ideology, gender, ethni city,language and in ternationalrelations in determiningpol icy and inunderstandingsocie ty ingeneral . This volume is anexpans ion of the edi tor’sprevious publication,

Power and Class in Africa .

a group of physic ian s,re ligious leaders, healthprofessional and laypersons who traveledAmerica to uncover thereal extent of the hungerproblem. Led by theauthor

,they entered the

l ives and homes ofhundreds of hungryfamil ies, looking into theirempty cupboards andre frigerators and into thecrowded soup k i tchens .This book introduces thereader to the people behindthe appallingstatistics .

Faculty Notes

Joyce An tlerassociate professor ofAmerican s tudies,participated in panels atthe Seventh BerkshireConference on the HistoryofWomen and the

American HistoricalAssociation

,and presented

a paper enti t led ’Let tingin the Congo andMumboJumbo ’

: Mary Austin and

the Femin ist Cri tique ofModernism”

at the

American S tudiesAssociation .

Kathleen Barryassistant professor ofsociology, gave a paper onThe Sexuali zation of

American Society andCommodifi cation of

Women”to the Graduate

Commi ttee on Theory andCulture ofNew YorkUniversi ty

,School of

L iberal Art s . She alsopart icipated in a seminaron

”Historical

Transformations in the

American Women’s

Movement” at the Centredes E tudes NordAméricain of the Ecole desHautes E tudes en SciencesSociales in Paris .Martin BoykenIrvingFine Professor ofMusic

,was composer-in

residence at theComposer’s Conference at

Wellesley College . His

Epi thalamion wasperformed by theComposers ’ Guild in NewYork .

David E . Fishman

assistant professor of EastEuropean Jewish historyand cul ture

,was

nom inated to the executivecommi ttee of the AmericanCommi t tee for Y iddish andY iddish Cul ture . He

presented a paper, ”Rabbi

Moshe Isserles and theS tudy of Science amongPol ish Rabbis

,

”at the

recent lntemational

Conference on the Historyand Culture of Polish Jews,in Jerusalem.

Tanya Gardiner-Scot tlecturer in English andAmerican l i terature,presented ”

D istortedMirrors : A Comparison of

Dame A lice and PatientGrise lda"at the Nin thln temational Conferenceon the Fan tastic in the Artsin Ft . Lauderdale .

NIichaelHarrisassociate professor ofmathemat ics, was one ofthe featured speakers at aday

-longconference inFreiburg, West Germany .His topic was ”

Ari thme ticCohomology C lassesDefined by Nonholomorphic AutomorphicForms . ”

James B . Hendricksonprofessor of chemistry, was

invi ted to part icipate in a

Lustrum (ann iversarycelebration ) of the studentchemical society at theUniversi ty of Groningen inHolland, celebratingthe irfavori te textbook authorsamongwhom wasHendrickson . He spent twoweeks at Ben-GurionUniversi ty in Beersheva,giv inga special co l loquiumseries on Systemat icSyn thesis Design .

Mi l ton Hindusprofessor emeri tus ofEngl ish, read a paper,Charles Reznikoff: A Poet ’sVisions of the New World,at a nat ional conference onimmigrat ion and ethnici tyheld at Hofstra University .

Jane Hughesadjunct professor ofeconomics

,was appointed

senior advisor forin ternational economicsand finance to Frost 81Sul livan

,World Pol i tical

Ri sk Forecast D ivision .

Patricia A. Johnstonassociate professor ofclassical and Orientalstudies

,presented an

invi ted paper,

”Recent

S truc tural S tudies onVergi l , ” to the Society forAugustan Poetry at theannual meetingof theAmerican Philo logicalAssociation in New YorkC i ty . Her newly published

,

co llege-level Latingrammar text

,Traditio : An

In troduction to the LatinLanguage and I ts

Influence, is accompan iedby computer-aidedinstruction . The text andtutorial disk

,previously

available only to Brandeisstudents

,is now avai lable

from Macmi llan .

Reuven Kimeiman

associate professor of NearEastern and Judaic s tudies,published ”

The Sema and

Its B less ings : TheReal izat ion of God ’sKingship” in TheSynagogue in La teAn tiquity ; and ” Judaismand P lural ism inModernJudaism 7 .

Karen Kleinassociate professor ofEnglish, exhibiteddrawings, includingink on

paper and acrylic onplexiglass, in two

one-woman shows in 1 987 :

at the Mi lls Gal lery ,Boston

, and at CurrierHouse

,Harvard—Radcliffe .

Two of the drawings, Eveand Adam and Schiele

were reproduced in BlackMoun tain 1 1 Review

,

vol. VI .

Norman Levineassociate professor ofphysical education,

received a NCAA CrossCountry CoachesAssociation DistinguishedService Award for 1 987 . He

consistently has had teamsranked amongthe top threeD ivision III teams in the

country and is ci ted foredit inga national resul tspublicat ion and ini tiatingthe week ly nationalrankingsystem. His

Nike/Boston team won the

nat ional cross coun trychampionship inNovember at VanCortlandt Park in NewYork .

Susan L ichtman

assistan t professor of finearts

,exhibi ted her work at

the John Harrell Gallery atCornel l Universi ty and herpaintings were included ina group show at the

American Academy andInsti tute of Arts andLe tters in New York .

Lydian S tringQuartetartists—ih -residence inmusic

, gave the New Yorkpremiere of

,S teven

Mackey ’s (Ph .D .

’

85 ) new

quartet, Fumeux , Fume,

and also gave a concert forthe Greater Chicagochapter of the NationalWomen

’s Commi ttee .

They spent the month ofFebruary touringNewEngland in a series ofconcerts wi th the BrodskyQuarte t in residence atCambridge Universi ty .Presented on the tour wereAm erican and Bri tishworks as well as theMende lssohn Octet .

Morton Kel lerSamuel J . and AugustaSpector Professor ofHistory, in connect ionwi th the celebration of the

B icentennial of theConsti tut ion

,part icipated

in a panel on "The Place of

the Judiciary” with lawprofessor Arthur M iller

,

soc iologist Nathan Glazerand ex-mayor of BostonKevin Whi te atlntemational P lace inBoston . He chai red asession on comparativeconsti tut ionalism at the

fall meetingin New

Orleans of the SocialSc ience HistoryAssociation . His Powersand R ights : Two Centuriesof AmericanConsti tutional ism was

the lead art icle in the

December 1 987 Iouma] ofAmerican History, 3special issuecommemoratingtheB icentennial .

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The Feminist and the Tax Lawyer

You could say the Brandeis Review hashad a hand in creat ingan unusual anddynamic publishingduo— SusanWeidman Schne ider ’

65 and Arthur B .C .

Drache ’

6 1,the femini s t and the tax

lawyer . They are authors of Head and

Heart : Financial Stra tegies for SmartWomen lMacmillan of Canada

,

The s tory began in the springof 1 985 ,when the Brandeis Review ran a shortreview of Jewish and Female : Choices

and Changes in Our Lives Today bySchn eider in the

“Bookshe lf” sec tion of

the magazine . In the same i ssue,Drache

wro te in ”C lass Notes ” about thepublicat ion of his e ighth book, I t ’

s YourFuture : A Canadian Guide to EstatePlanning. Schne ider ’s husband

,B ruce

,

leafingthrough the Review,not iced the

two separate p ieces and suggested to hiswife, “You ought to wri te a booktoge ther. ” Head and Heart is theproduct of the ir eventual co l laborat ion .

The sugges t ion was not so whimsical asi t migh t seem . Schneider ’s publ ici tytour for Jewish and Female had led her

to Ottawa, where Drache l ives wi th h isfami ly

,and the two rees tablished what

once had been a comfortable andfami l iar re lat ionship . They had beengood friends growingup in Winnipegand had maintained that friendshipwhen Drache left to at tend Brande is .They con t inued to correspond duringSchne ider ’s four years in Wal tham butgradual ly los t touch as the ir paths ledthem in differen t direc tions . (Schne idernow l ives in New York and Drachereturned to Canada. ) They had fo l lowedeach other ’s careers in the BrandeisReview

,but had met only once in the

past 20 years . S t i l l,i t was easy to

resume their friendship,

“l ikeencounteringa brother or a cous in

,

recal ls Schne ider,and natural to talk

of the ir work .

Drache,a prac t ic ing lawy er wi th

part icular expertise in the area of

personal and smal l bus iness taxplanning, has served as legal counse l tothe House of Commons Commi t tee on

Commun icat ions and Cul ture and tothe Senate Commi t tee on Bank ing,Trade and Commerce . At the ir reun ionin Ottawa

,when Schne ider asked him

how he l iked be inga lawyer, he repliedthat he was less involved wi th thetradi tional pract ice of law and more

Susan Weidman Schneider

involved wi th wri t ing. He i s wel lknown in Canada as a cont ri but ingedi tor of The Financial Post and asauthor ofmore than 400 art ic les andopinion pieces . He has written

,

contributed to or coauthored over adozen books on tax mat ters

,both

technical works for profess ionals andmore popular books for the lay reader,but none, according to Schnei der, wi ththe spec ial at tent ion to the financialconcerns ofwomen . She sugges ted hewri te such a book .

Not longaf ter that reun ion, the

Brandeis Review appeared,carryingthe

news of the two authors . Rememberingthe ir conversat ion

,Schne ider sent off a

late -nigh t, scratch -pad out l ine of thebook idea

,and suggested to Drache,

once again,that he wri te i t . He had

chaired an interdepartmen tal commi t teeon women and taxat ion several yearsearl ier and so had some exposure to theissues that Schneider wanted to address .But he repl ied that al though he knewthe answers to women

’s financ ialdi lemmas

,he didn ’t be l ieve that he

knew all the questions . He sugges tedthey wri te i t toge ther .

As edi tor and cofounder of Lilith ,the

on ly independent Jewish femin is tmagazine, Schne ider does , indeed , knowthe ques t ions . Early in her career, in the

late 1 9605 and early 1 9705 , she waswri tingabout women

’s subjects— not to

be confused wi th feminist subjec tsbased most ly on her own experiences,coveringsuch topics as naturalchi ldbirth , and what i t was l ike to havea newborn room-in at the hospi tal . Itwas not unt i l she returned from l iv ingin Israe l that she began to wri te aboutJewish subjects, and in the course ofmarket ing that work, encountered thewomen all very s trongly i dent ified asJews and strongly ident ified as femini s ts

Arthur B .C. Drache

and all invo lved in the med ia in one

capac i ty or another,as te lev is ion

producers,wri ters

,edi tors”— who had

begun to talk about s tart inga Jewishwomen

’s magazine . Av iva Cantor,an

edi tor for Haddasah,broached the

subject of a women’s magazine when

reviewinga submission of Schne ider ’s .This was in the early days of thewomen

’s movement,says Schne ider,

and i t was c lear that most of the Jewishpubl icat ions were edi ted by men and

had a c learly male focus,even though

al legedly direc ted toward women .

”

They began talk ingabout Lilith in the

summer of 1 973 and the firs t issue waspubl ished in the fal l of 1976 . The irmi ss ion

,declared in that firs t i ssue, was

to fos ter discuss ion of Jewish women’s

issues and put them on the agenda of

the Jewi sh commun i ty, wi th a v iew to

giv ingwomen— who are more than 50percent of the world ’s Jews— greaterchoices in l i fe .

”Recen t art ic les have

covered such s tories as the problemsJewish E thiopian women face inadapt ing to the ir new l i fe in Israe l ; thedi fficul ties some American women

encounter in obtaininga ge t (a Jewishdivorce granted by the husband ) andJap

”-bai t ingon American col lege

campuses . Lilith ’s coverage of the lat terhas sparked cons i derable nat ionalat tention

,spurringarticles in The New

York Times, Glamour, Newsday and

other publicat ions and promptinganinv i tat ion to Schne ider to speak on the

subject on the”Donahue” show.

Out of Schne ider ’s work wi th Lili thgrew Jewish and Female, 3 s tudy of thediverse ways Jewish women l ive in the

l igh t of the femin is t revolut ion, and

how they are reshapingprivate l ives andpubl ic ins t i tut ions . The book advi ses onsuch i ssues as how to care for agingparents ; raise Jewish chi ldren in an

in terfai th marriage ; or find a Koshershe l ter for bat tered Jewi sh women

,and

resembles hermos t recent work in i tsanecdotal s tyle .

Head and Heart : Financial S trategiesfor Smart Women counse ls women in

the management of the predictableevents that may shape or al ter the irl ives— leav ingthe fam i ly home

, get t inga job orgoing into bus iness, marrying,rais inga fami ly, fac ingdivorce or

widowhood,caringfor agingparents .

The gu ide inc ludes spec ific advice on

such topics as buying insurance,nego t iat ingsalary, invest ing, wri t ingawi l l or cons ideringa wri t tenpremarriage agreemen t, and is arrangedchronologically to mirror the typicalpat tern of events in a woman

’s l i fe .

Readers can s tart the book anywhere inthe cycle or can read the book throughfrom s tart to finish .

The pro ject took about sixmonths tocomplete . It turned out to be jus t atotal ly easy col laborat ion, saysSchn eider, despi te the differences inthe ir personali t ies . ”

I tend to be sort ofcon templat ive, ” she says , ”

a s lowthinker and wri ter and he jus t cranksthese books out .

”They handled the

technical aspects of a long-dis tancecol laborat ion through the mai l and overthe phone .

”We dec ided what wewanted to put in the book and that

,

ini t ial ly,we would each wri te certain

chapters and the other would edi t thosechapters . C lear ly I was goingto wri tethe women

’s di lemma chapters andAr thur would wri te what we though t ofas the in ters t i t ial chapters that woulddeal wi th the hard-headed financ ialinformat ion— here ’s what you need toknow about tax law; here ’s what youneed to know about re tirement . ” Thi smethod worked we l l unt i l Schn e i derread Drache ’

s chapter on taxat ion,

which , accordingto i ts author,addresses a number ofmyths about thetax sys tem and examines the impac tthey have on women and theirapproaches to personal economics .

It was this wonderful,sort of femini s t

approach to tax pract ice,

"saysSchne ider . ”

I was real ly thri l led wi thhow that had worked out . I had taken a

very longt ime do ingthe ini t ial draft ofa chapter on marr iage and Arthur said,’you ’re busy wi th that ; why don ’t Ihave a sho t at the divorce chapter ? ’Schne ider was del igh ted wi th thesugges t ion . Perhaps iron ically, some

cri t ics have singled out the chapter asbeingthe toughes t on men— the mos tfemini s t” in tone . In the end, no chapterwas wri t ten solely by one or

the other, they both worked over allthe copy.

Schne ider, a Canadian c i t izen,found

that wri t ingthe book gave her theopportuni ty to compare and contras twomen

’s l ives,for be t ter orworse

,on

ei ther s ide of the border. For ins tance,in

ini t ial drafts of the chapter onmotherhood , Schn eider spen tcons iderable space emphas i z ingtheimportance of hav ingadequate heal thcoverage duringpregnancy . This is anon issue in Canada, where there isnat ional health insurance . O therdifferences exi s t in the tax sys tems . Butboth authors agree that the fundamen talissues are the same— re lat ionshipsbetween men and women do not changeon e i ther s ide of the border . Head and

Heart gives pract ical , warm adv ice onhow to in i t iate the necessary

,in t imate

di scuss ions on finances, be i t wi thfather

,husband or lover .

The authors are in the plann ings tagesof an American vers ion

,and wi l l need

to rewri te those sec t ions that dealwi thspecific tax laws and pol icy . They mayalso p lan a subsequent book forpubl icat ion in Canada

,address ingsome

of the issues in greater depth .

The wri ters are reachingwomen in

myriad s i tuat ions,from the col lege

freshman who needs to discuss wi th herfami ly the management of her financesas she moves out of the home for the

firs t t ime to the o lder, married woman

from a tradi t ional marriage, who wan tsgreater con trol of her financial l ife .

Obv ious ly, a secondary audiencecompri ses men

,many ofwhom

,e i ther

consc ious ly or not, just take over thefinances . Men who read Head and

Heart wi l l gain a be t ter grasp of howwomen think . Drache has longadvisedmale c l ients that i t is in the ir bestinteres t to have informed companions

,

wives or daughters ; should catastrophes trike the man

,problems are

compounded when the surv ivors areignoran t of the finan cial s i tuation of

the household .

A recurren t theme is the concept of acontract

,and the authors sugges t

wri t ingone for several c ircums tances .Both wri ters s tress, however, that thereal value of a contrac t is often in the

process of negot iat ion,and not in the

piece of paper . In the end,any

partnership wi l l profit from the readingofHead and Heart, for Schne ider andDrache have taught the ir readers thevalue of Open commun icat ion .

Ani ta R . Flanzbaum

Head and Heart has been we l l rece ived,

and has garnered some unusualpubl ici ty . Cha telaine, a popularCanadian magaz ine akin to Glamour or

Mademoiselle,ran a port ion of the book

as a pul l -out advert isingsupplemen t inthe November 1 987 issue, t imed toappear on the newsstands at the same

t ime that the book was published . A

second excerpt ran in February. Both thebook and the magazine benefi tted fromcombined promot ions on radio, inbooks tores and in p rint advert isements .

The Alumni Admi ssions CouncilA Labor of Love

Recrui t inghigh schoo l s tudents for nextautumn ’s freshman c lass is a formidabletask ; ask any adm iss ions representat ive .

In a t ime of ris ing tui t ion cos ts and adwindl ingcol lege-age populat ion,

the

compe t i t ion for brigh t and mo tivatedappl ican ts has never been greater .

Respondingto th is chal lenge, theBrandeis Univers i ty Admiss ions Officehas increased i ts number of high schoo lv is i ts and s tudent interv iews worldwide .

Than ks to a loyal corp s of alumn ivo lun teers

,h igh school s tudents from

Nebraska to the Ne therlands are able tomeet personal ly wi th adm iss ionsrepresentatives and learn aboutBrandeis . As members of theUn ivers i ty’s Alumn i Admi ss ionsCounc i l (AAG), the volun teers forman in ternat ional network of Brande isgraduates who represent the Un ivers i tyto prospect ive s tuden ts, parents, localsecondary schools and commun i t iesat large .

Workingas an adjunct to the admiss ionsoffice

,the AAG was organized in 1 972

wi th the support and gu idan ce of theadminis trat ion and the Alumn iAssociat ion . It is now under thedirectorship of E llen Cropp

,who

oversees and encourages the AAC ’

s

current worldwide ros ter of 700members and 82 counc i ls .

Cropp exp lain s the fundamen tal tene t ofthe AAC this way : ”

In terms of securingpo tent ial app lican ts, there is nothingmore important than havings tudentstalk to an AAC member from the irhometown . In a typ ical year, a lumn iconduct some in terviews

,have

follow-up con tact wi th ano ther 900s tudents and represent the Univers i ty at250 high schools around the world .

It i s not an easy job, she emphas izes .There i s a tremendous amount ofworkinvolved . Ourmos t commi t tedchairpeople spend a large proportion of

their free t ime on AAC work .

”

Prospec tingfor poten t ial appl ican ts isthe pr imary funct ion of an AAGmember . Cropp est imates that if eachalumni member sent the admiss ionsoffice three new names

,there would be

roughly a 1 0 percent increase in thenumber of annual inquirie s .

Approximate ly s tuden ts apply toBran dei s each year . The number ofpeople who inquire about the Universi tyis somewhere in the v icini ty ofCropp po in ts out that Bran de is ’ rat io of

appl ican ts to inquiries corresponds tothose figures c i ted by ins t i tut ions ofcomparable s i ze and cal iber . ”

At one

highly-se lec tive schoo l in Bos ton,for

example,the s ize of the s tudent body is

around The inquiry pool there i sabout wi th the total appl ican tpool at so you can see that Otherins t i tut ions reflect s im i lar rat ios . ”

One way alumni generate new inquiriesis by v is i t ingh igh schools and co l legenigh ts that the Bran de is adm iss ions s taf fof n ine can ’t reach in the ir travels .Another involves AAC memberssponsor ingreceptions for students inthe ir homes .

It’

s real ly a labor of love,says Cropp .

The money alumn i repre sentat ivesspend on trave l or receptions is notreimbursed by the Univers i ty. The

younger alumn i who are just beginningtheir careers cons ider i t theircontr ibut ion to Brande is .

What typ e of alumni does the AACat tract ? Cr0 pp explains that i t i sdi fficul t to charac te ri ze members . Theyare men and women of all ages, fromvery differen t geographic and

soc ioeconomic backgrounds . “However,they do hold one poin t in common

,she

says . "They all had a pos i t ive experienceduringtheir undergraduate years atBrandei s and are eager to spread thegood word to high schoo l s tudents . ”

Ellen Cropp ( left) andJudith GoldbergKrell '

63 talkover recruitment strategiesin Krell’

s office in Boston .

Susan Panoff ’

7 1 is representat ive of the

typ e of en thus ias t ic alumna whodonates her t ime to the AAC . As

chai rwoman for the M iam i counci l,

Panoff has been an ac tive member since1976 .

Panoff’

s ini t ial in teres t in the AAC

began when she graduated from Brandeisand moved to Miami . I ’

I was a s trangerin a new c i ty and wan ted to mee t newpeop le

,she remembers . “I wanted to be

involved wi th everythingthat had to dowi th Brande is . Through variousvo lunteer jobs for both the alumn i anddeve lopmen t offices

,I met the chair of

the M iami AAC . After hearingaboutthe organi zat ion and the impac t i t hadon Brande is , I decided that was where Iwanted to contri bute allmy t ime .

The amount of t ime Panoff comm i ts tothe AAC i s equal to managinga partt ime job

“al though there ’s enough work

for a ful l -t ime pos i t ion .

”Panoff already

has a ful l-t ime job as an execut ive v icepres iden t for Publ ic Relat ions AssociatesofM iami and c laims she mus tpriori tize ”

in order to get everythingdone .

As chair, Pan off is respons ib le forsendingout in terv iew reques ts to AACmembers who are eager to talk toprospec tive appl ican ts . She and her 1 6

counc i l members also sponsor s tuden treceptions , and at tend orientat ionsess ions conduc ted by representat ivesfrom the admiss ions office .

My primary concern as chair i smatchingup s tudents wi th alumni whoshare the same fie ld of interes t and arefrom the same area. So a s tudent fromM iami Beach interes ted in law wi l l bematched up wi th an alumna fromM iami Beach who is a lawyer

,

"she

explains .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

Reunion ’

88 to Draw Nearly800 Alumni

Members of seven c lasses— 5 3,

’

58,’

63,’

68 ,’73,

’

78 and’

83— wi l l be heading tocampus May 27

-29 (Memorial Dayweekend ) for Reunion ’

88 . Over 800alumni are expec ted to take part incampus ac t ivi t ies

,renew friendships

and rev ive memories .

The weekend wi l l be brimful ofac t ivi t ies . All reunion c lasses wi l l sharein spec ial even ts beginn ingF ridayeveningwi th a reunion d inn er at theFacul ty Cen ter at tended by Dr. Sacharand facul ty members . Indiv idual classpart ies wi l l fol low . On Saturdaymorn ing, the C lass of ’

63, wh ichce lebrates i ts 25 th reun ion,

wi l l sponsortwo campuswide sympos ia

,

”The

ChangingG lobal Economy, and ”The

Univers i ty Today at noon,the Ralph

Norm an Emeri tus Fami ly Barbecue wi l loffer food and fes t ivi ty to the en t ireBran de i s commun ity; and the eveningwi l l feature a fes t ive dinner at theMuseum of F ine Arts wi th l ive mus icand a tour of curren t exh ib i ts .

The Alumn i Commencemen t B runchwi th Pres iden t Handler and thehonorary degree recipien ts w i l l beginSunday’s act iv i t ies . As part of theCommencement pagean try, members ofthe C lasses of ’

53,

’

58 ,’

63 and’

68 wi l ldon cap and gown and join officers ofthe Un ivers i ty and facul ty members inthe academic process ion .

Many of the c lasses have organ izedspec ial ac t ivi t ies . The C lass of ’

53 will

part icipate in a ques t ionnaire survey todiscover how c lassmates have changeds ince graduat ingfrom Brande is 35 yearsago, and s ince ce lebrating their 25 threunion 1 0 years ago .

The C lass of '

58 wi ll be treated toa mus ical program . Several c lassmembers

,under the leadership of fo rmer

Barr is ters” Maurice S te in and CharlesNapo l i, are rev iv ingse lec ted songs fromoriginal undergraduate musical revues .John Haske l l i s wri t ingnew songs andlyrics to reflec t changing t imes . Anotherc lassmate

,Lenore Sal tman

,i s arranging

a Saturday afternoon program ent i t ledWhat ’s Next for Us ? ” as her c lass beginsto look ahead to new and al ternatecareers, l i fes tyles, travel Opportuni t iesand ret iremen t p lanning.

Some special plans for the C lass of ’

63

inc lude dinner on Fri day eveningwi thPres ident Handler and an informalsem inar on Saturday afternoon forc lassmates to talk about the ir l i feexperiences s ince at tendingBrande isin the early ’

605 .

Jay Kaufman’

68 is organi zinga panelof c lassmates to discuss ways they arekeepingthe Spiri t of the ’

605 al ive inthe ir work and values . Pane lis ts wi ll beasked to reflect on the ir memories ofBrandei s, how they are pass ingtheBrandeis legacy on to the ir chi ldren and

how they see the legacy preserved orchanged in the Univers i ty today .

The C lass of ’

78 will en joy entertainmentprov i ded by Company B

,a s tudent

group, as we l l as by members of theC lass .

Ou-campus hous ingw i l l be provided inMassell Quadrangle ( formerly known as

Hami l ton ) . Private babys i t ters wi l l beavai lable for chi ldren under 6, a ful lprogram of act iv i t ies i s Offered forChildren 7- 1 1 , 1 2- 1 4 and 1 5 - 1 7 . Cal l thealumni office

,6 1 7—736-4 100, for further

informat ion .

Note : Any alumni who wish to at tendthe reunion of a different c lass may do

so by not i fyingthe alumni O ffice inwri t ing.

Beginn ingwi th this issue of the BrandeisReview, a partial list of ” lost alumn i” willfollow the news about each class . The effortto find these people depends uponinformation that you may have . Please sendinformation and/or addresses directly to theAlumni office

,Brandeis University,

Waltham, Massachusetts, 02254-9 1 10 .

Lost alumni : Eugene A . C lick, Judith N.

Kass, Edward P . Morgan ,Mr. and Mrs .

S tan ley Sava, Audrey S . Saxon.

Lost alumni : LoringBraverrnan, Cecile R .

Doroff, James D . Eisen,Judith M . Field,

Hubert Forbes, David I . Harvey,Esther

Husney, David I. Kaufman, Richard Lessoff,Lo is B . Mann,

Harry J . M iller, Ruth F .Pearlmutter, Ruth L . Plotnick

,Carmel M.

Pollack .

Lost alumni : Carole J . Barry, Mi llard Bass,Ruth Ben o Jehuda, Lawrence Berman

,

1 . Bernard Bossom, Raymond Doherty, MurielG . Duffy

,David M . Epstein

,Ira Feinberg,

Herbert Fishman,Rosamond B . Goldberg,

Ernest Goldste in,Mitchell Harwitz, Charles

M . Herman .

Lost alumn i : Leah Alexander, Phil ipBernstein,

Josiah H . Braun,Rosemarie

Cammarano, Isaac Catton,Risa H . Ehrlich,

Sandra L . Engl ish, Yaqoba K . Friedman ,

Herbert Gamberg, Jayne G . Goliff, Carol S .

Gruber, Charles Itzkovitz, Russel Jones,Eleanor S . Klotz .

Norman Howard Carp-Gordon’s book, TheMakingof the Modem Mastiff— A HistoricalPerspective on the Breed S tandard waspublished in October 1 98 7 by theInc .

, Grand Prairie, TX. It is the first dogbook to explore the historical deve lopment ofa standard and the correlative evolution of

the'

breed. Norman received his M .S .Sc . in

Sweden from the Universi ty of S tockholmand has had a varied career incommunications including: newseditor/writer for the Associated Press, Uni tedNations Public information Officer andprofessor of journalism in the Ohio S tateUniversi ty system. He has also worked in the

field of public relations and advertising, andcorporate and marketingcommunications inthe computer industry . He resides insouthern New Hampshire with his mastiffsbred from American and Canadian championlines .

Lost alumni : Robert Bialkin, Susan S . Brody,Naomi Chase , Louis Chiaramonte, RichardT. Cunningham , Madelaine M . Day , RobertDephoure, Arthur Ellish, Marlyn S . Forker,Ruth J . Gamberg, M im i S . Geller, Joseph A .

Click, Janet S . Henkin,James C . Houston,

Jul ian Karvoski .

’

5 7

Lost alumni : Charles Affron, SimhaBen-Zakkai

, Susan Berlin,Joan L . Braun,

Janice E . Burke,Charles 2 . Burkhart , Roberta

Burrows, Claudette Chabbonneau, MichaelConnolly, John B . Crosby, Alan R . Cutler,Anthony R . Damato, Jack H . Freed, G loria D .

Friedman , David Himmelstein .

’

58

Allan B rachman was the recipient of theCushing

~Gavin Award . The award ispresented by the Labor Guild of theArchdiocese Of Boston to managementcounsel for excellence in labor-managementrelations, exemplifyingmoral integrity,professional competence and communi tyconcern. A graduate ofHarvard Law School,Allan is affi liated wi th the Boston firm of

Deutsch,Williams, Brooks, DeRensis,

Holland Bi Drachman , P.C .

E laine Heumann Gurian shares two bits ofnews : a new job as deputy assistan t secretaryformuseums at the Smi thsonian Institutionin Washington,

DC,and a new home whose

address is 6203 3rd S treet SW,Washington,

DC 20024 .

Lost alumni : Melvin S . Amov, M ichael G .

Baldovski,Judith B . Barnett, Paul A . Berman

,

Ronald Berman,Alfred B lender, Harry

Brauser,Don K . Can tor

,Robert F . Chadis,

Gustav S . Ciamaga, Richard Dehaan,Marion

V. Donnel, James A . Donovan,Bryna C . Eill.

Peter Thormann resides in New De lh i , Indiawhere he works as the program economistfor the India Country Program Of the US .

Agency for International Development . Heand his wife Mary have a daughter Moniquewho is a freshman at Brandeis .

Lost alumni : Rawle D . Archer, Anthony S .

Basile,Robert Y . Bell

, Sanford Benenson,

Magde lena M . Berg, Lynn Boroff, HenriCaquot, Donald N . Conn ers, ChristianDaehler, Christ D . Dixon,

R ichard Dupere,Paul Egremont, Jerome Eisenstadt, RobertFaria, Martin Fiala.

’60

Lost alumni : S taffan Ah lin, Darlena B lucher,Joseph Bossom, Suzanne M . Broughton,

ClaesBrundenias

,Suzanne L . Chakmanoff

,Arnold

Cohen,David Cronin, Susan B . Cross,

Benjamin S . Cutler,James L . Desimone,

Allen Dougherty, James Epstein,Ian

Falconer,Herbert Farkas .

’

6 1

Lost alumni : Susan R . Bernard,Jack M .

Bilmes, Ross Briskin,James Chi ldress,

H. Adrian C larke, William Dal ton,

Alaknanda S . Duriaud,Charles E . Dyke,

Carmen Dyreyes, Robert S . Ehrlich, GerardoFernandez,Esther P . Geil, John R . G ittins,

David A . Goldberg.

Lost alumni : Barbara B . Appelbaum,Gedalia

Asulin , Janet R . Baker,Bruce Bassoff, Ralph

Beich,Barry Berg, Richard E . Block

,PaulW.

Caine,Fred F . Casucci, Manfred Clemenz

,

S . Marc Cohen, Susan L . Comay

,Richard H .

Conrad,Janet S . Cooper

,Harriet W. Danzig.

’

63

Barbara Beck Castro is havinga storypublished, does yoga, lap swimming, racewalkingand enjoys beinga mom and a wife .

She lives in Palo Al to, CA .

Larry and Laura Harris are proud toann ounce the birth of a grandchild BenjaminHarris . Benjamin ’s mother is E llen Harris'

83; his father is Stephen Harris '83.

Benjamin was born on July 14, 1 987 .

Lost alumn i : Abdul M . Ahmed, BarryAndelrnan

,Ruth S . Anderson

,Daphne E .

Andronikou,Javaid Asar

,Arlene S .

Axelbaum,Constance Bailey, S teve Bal las,

Kenneth Baron, Francis Bellevue, Joe l A .

Berman,Lamont Bettis, Nelly Bhimaya, Jane

S . Bloom,Ernst V. Boogart .

’

64

Lost alumni : M itzi Anderson, MichaelApplebaum

,Melvin J . Avemer

,Edwin Ban tit,

Lester Barber, Deborah Beck, Ilene S . Becker,Judy A . Behrens, Larry Behrens, E lizabeth K .

Benjamin, Charles H . Bennett, MatsBergstrom,

Robert Bemat, CynthiaBirenbaum .

’

65

Susan Resnick Abrams was married toSanford Fisher on September 26 , 1 987 .

Together, the couple has six children .

Marilyn M ike” ) Shuffman Faust hasrelocated her Offi ces to 1 75 Main S treet,Suite 3 1 5 , White Plains, NY . She specializesin family andmatrimonial matters .

David K. Weiser has recently published abook with the University ofMissouri Pressentitled Mind in Character : Shakespeare ’

s

Speaker in the Sonnets. David teaches in the

Department of Engl ish at Touro College,New York City .

Gwenn Kare l Levine is director of planningat -S t . Joseph 's Hospital and Medical Centerin Paterson,

NJ. Previously, she served aspresident of the Hospital PlanningandMarketingSociety of NJ, recently, she wasappointed to the Plan Development andImplementation Committee of the S tatewideHeal th CoordinatingCouncil ofNJ. Gwenn ’sson David Trevor, now 20, is a junior at theOberlin College Conservatory; her son JoshuaLoren is 1 5 and a sophomore in high school .

Lost alumni: Jectone Aomungo, Martha R .

Bardach, Carl Baylis, Solomon Behar,Henry

Berger, Davida 2 . Block, Diane B loom,

William Bruce,Kathy R . Burack

,Maurice

Callahan,Donald Cohen

,Myer L . Coval,

Arthur L . Dana,Joseph Danner

,Angela

Davis,Richard Dubou.

’

66

Lost alumni: Paul Aaron,Raymond L .

Adman, Clement Ahyow,

Susan C . Allein,

Richard S . Ames, Harriet F . Appel,Hiram L .

Appelman,Howard E . Barkan

,Dana R . Bass

,

Mara L . Beck,Dennis Beecher

,Herbert

Beigel, Mary G . B loom, Deborah Burgerrnan,

Carolyn Carlat, Robert Chevast .

’

67

Lost alumni : Eve E . Adler, Shelby E . Allen

,

Joaquina Almeciju, Ramsey M . Arneen, Joy

A . Amsel, Louis S . Asekoff,Bertram Baldwin

,

Annette Barnes, Susan J . B ienen,Deborah A .

Bilsky, Samuel J . B lank, S tephen B . Block .

’

68

Marvin H. Kabakof reports that he ”finallymade it back to Boston”

and is now the headof the Appraisal and Disposition Branch ofthe Boston General Records Center of theNational Archives . He is residinginCambridge .

Lost alumni : Jack R . Adams—Webber,Karen

W. Alexander, Robert Alter, Jaime AmayaFarfan, Marsha D . Andelman

,Michael

Andrews, S tephen Axelrod, Neil Barnett,Martin D . Barr

,Emily Baum, Ellen M . Berger,Paul H . Bernstein

,Penny P . Bernstein

,

Doreen Bierbrier,Florence B ildner.

’

69

Kingsley Ihenacho Ikpe recently completedthe Advanced Management Program at

Harvard Business School . Kingsley iscurrently the general manager at IconLimited (Merchan t Bankers ) in Lagos,Nigeria.

Lost alumni : 12 0 I . Abram,S tephen N . Adler

,

Terri Agriss, George Airasian,Robert E .

Ammann, Cornelia P . Anderson

,Allan S .

Arm, Gerald Arnold, G ina S . Ashley

,

B . Reuben Auspitz, Yael Avidan,Bennett M .

Baker, Ronald E . Barnett,S idney M. Becker

,

Marcia Belgorod .’

70

Ronnie Scherer and her husband Peter Jerryannounce the birth of their second sonRobert Andrew Jerry who was born March25 , 1 987 . He is welcomed into the family bybig

” brother, five-year-oldM ichae l .Lost alumni : Pauline J . Albert, Joanne W.

Aliesan,Kevin D . Anderson

,Helene

Angstreich, Joan Asckenasy, MargaretAtherton, Judith H. Atwell

,David A .

Auerbach, Donald S . Auspitz, Venkataraman

Balakrishnan,Robert A . Bari

, Michael Barr,David I . Barras .

’7 1

Jerry and Bunny (M ildred Paisley) DeMauro

announce the birth of their fourth childThomas Vi to on July 28

,1 987 . He joins 14

year-Old Daniella, 4-year-old Edward and 2year-old Alex .

Jack Dembowitz and his wife Randiannounce the birth of their daughter MartiEllen on December 2 1

,1 987 .

Stuart Weisbergand his wife were thrilled toannounce the birth of their first childAndrew Jonathan on October 1 9, 1 987 . S tuartis the staff director and counsel for theEmployment and HousingSubcommittee inthe US . House of Representatives .Lost alumni : Stuart L . Aaronson

,Halima

Adam, Elisabeth Adams, Alexandros Alexiou,

JessicaW. Alonso,Kenn eth F . Alper

,Peter G .

Alpers, Jonathan H . Altman, Georgios

Anagnostopoulos, Mordecai L . Arin,Michal

Artzy-Lerdah l

, Leroy Ashwood, Philip J .Baimas

,Nancy E . Baker .

’

72

Barry A . Kaplan was married to Roche lleLandis on October 25 , 1 987 . He is currently avice president in the Investment ResearchDepartment at Goldman Sachs and Co .

,in

New York City .Carole Friedlander Lechan and Ronald M .

Lechan lovingly welcome Jonathan Barak,born April 23, 1987 . He joins his Older

brother Jeremy ’

99 and sister Arianna ’

0 1 .

Nancy S tapen received the ManufacturersHanover Trust Art World Award fordistinguished newspaper art criticism,

whichis the critics ’ award in Art History

,for her

Sunday Magazine piece on ”The Bostonians

,

an exh ibit at the Museum of Fine Arts . Sheis currently the art critic for The Bos tonHerald; also, she is the Boston correspondentforArt Forum magazine .

Lost alumni : Dawud Abdallah, Amie S .

Abeloff, Sharyn Abramhoff, R isa B . Adler

,

Emily Agoos, Joseph Aieta, Natalie I . Allon,

Robert Allouf, Tamsey K . Andrews,Norah

M . Angress, E llen August, Deborah F . Aversa,

Karen '

A . Aykanian,Lawrence K . Bakst

,Alan

L . Balsam.

’

73

Richard A. Biagioli, Ph.D. and Iris N .

Biagioli, Ph .D . are clinical psychologists inprivate practice inWestfield,NJ. Their first

child Rita Sophia was born December 1 5,

1986 .

M ichael Hauptman and his wife Erika Floryannounce the birth of their daughter All isonJane on March 25

,1 987 . She is welcomed

into the family by brother Jonathan,who is

four and a half years old. The family lives inPhilade lphia, where M ichael is a partner inthe firm of Brawer and Hauptman

,

Architects,which was formed in January

1987 .

Susan L. Kurland has recently coauthoredthe

”Annexations and Annexation

Agreements” chapter for the 1 987 edition of

Illinois Municipal Law, which will bepublished by the Illinois Institute forContinuingLegal Education. She received herJD . from Boston University

, and is currentlywith the firm of Ancel

, G link, Diamond,Murphy St Cope

,P C ,

in Chicago .

Ellen Beth Lande and Detlev Suderow ’

70

announce the birth of their son Maximillianon Nov . 4

, 1 987 . He joins his brotherAlexander

,age five .

David Wasser and his wife Andrea Lachman

announce the birth of their first child MollyLouise on October 6, 1 987 . David iscompletinghis Ph .D . in clinical psychologyfrom Adelphi University . Andrea is theowner of two Manhattan restauran ts

,Mike ’s

American Bar and Gri ll and The HourglassTavern .

Jonathan E . Rothbart,

received theAcademy of General Dentistry ’s prestigiousFellowship Award duringa special ceremonyat AGD

’

s July Annual Meetingin Seattle .

Jonathan graduated from the BostonUniversi tyGoldman School of GraduateDentistry in 1 982 and has been practicinginPhiladelphia ever since . He and his wifeLinda Abrams

,a therapist at the Northwest

Center in Mount Airy,have two sons

Zachary and Ben jamin.

Dennis Shulman and Pamela Tropper arepleased to announce the birth of theirdaughter Juliana Trop'per Shulman

, on June 5 ,1 987 . Juliana has an older sister Holly, whois five years old. Denn is is a clinicalpsychologist in psychoanalytic practice inNew York Ci ty . He is also on the psychologyfacul ty Of Fordham University 's College atL incoln Center . This month

,Pam leaves the

obstetrical facul ty of Columbia Universi ty toassume the position of director of theDepartment ofMaternal-Fetal Medicine at S t.Joseph 's Hospital

,in Paterson

,NJ. And

al though they love the life they made,Denn is and Pam think warmly of the gentleSpringdays when they skipped their classesand hitched into Harvard Square .

"

Selma Botman has joined the faculty of HolyCross College, Worcester

,MA

,as assistant

professor of poli tical science . After receivinga bachelor’s degree in psychology fromBrandeis, she earned a bachelor’s in MiddleEastern studies from Oxford University in1 975 . This was followed by a master’s inMiddle Eastern Studies in 1977, and a Ph .D .

in history andMiddle Eastern studies in1 984

, both from Harvard, where she was alsoa postdoc toral fellow at the Center forMiddle Eastern S tudies from 1984 to 1986 .

Last year she taught in the MetropolitanCollege of Boston University .

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Rick Zucker and Susan Mande Zucker '77announce the birth of their second sonJonathan S teven on June 9 , 1 987 . David isthe new arrival ’s bigbrother . R ick is anattorney with Picksman and Conley inBoston and Susan is the director of the nannyplacement program at Jewish Family Servicein Frarningham, MA.

Lost alumni : Walter L . Adamson, Joan N .

Ahem, Nancy J . Alexander, RameshAnishetty, Gary M . Arber, Jeffrey Auerhahn,

Katherine H. Bennett, Barbara Binder, SamBlack

,Debra B . B lum,

Robin Blumenthal,Albert L . Borden

,Delmadean Bryant,

Alexandra Campbell .'

77

Valerie Gordon Cohen and her husband Bradare pleased to announce the birth of theirfirst child Gordon Nathan on December 1 6,1 987 . Both Valerie and Brad are attorneyslivingin Los Angeles .

Brenda Marsh Golombek ‘

and her husbandSteven are proud to announce the birth oftheir second daughter Me lanie on August 1 2,1 987 .

Susan McGilvery and her husband EugeneO

’Neill happily announce the birth of theirdaughter Rache l E lizabeth on June 8 , 1 987 .

Hilda Rosenbergand her husband AndrewTemen were blessed with the birth of theirfirst child David Meyer, in August 1987 .

Dena Cohen Rosenkrantz and MarkRosenkrantz are pleased to announce the

birth ofMara Susan on July 2 1 , 1 987 . The

Rosenkrantz fami ly moved to R ichmond, VAas of January 1 988 . Mark is now a professorin the Department ofMicrobiology andImmunology at the Medical College ofVirgin ia.

Jan Sandberghas moved from the verbal tothe visual . After s ix years of free-lancefeature writingfor the Boston Globe , Bos tonLedger, Boston Magazine, etc . she has

turned her talents to photography . Herphotography can be seen on the cover andinside pages Of Birth Without Surgery : AGuide to PreventingUnnecessaryCaesareans by Carl Jones, published byDodd, Mead St Co . in January 1 988 .

Carol Shuchman and her husband KendallChristiansen have moved into a

“bigoldhouse” in Brooklyn,NY and are thri lled to

announce they are expectingthe ir first childin July 1 988 .

Stuart Turkewitz,MD . and his wife Molly

announce the birth of their second childNoah Matthew on September 27, 1 98 7 . He iswelcomed into the family by his sister, twoyear-old Julia Claire .

Helena Wal l , assistant professor of history atPomona College, Claremont, CA has beenawarded a fellowship from the NationalEndowment for the Humanities to supporther research into the precarious nature ofearly colonial life in America. A specialist inAmerican colonial life, she rece ived hermaster ’s and doctoral degrees from HarvardUniversity . She joined the Pomona Collegefaculty in 1 984 . Most recently she was therecipient of an Arnold L . and Lois P . GravesAward in the Humanities .

Lost alumni : Marc Adler,Cindy S . Agel,

Winston L . Amselem,Charles Avrith

,Todd J .

Barron,Robert A. Basch, Robert L .

Beckelman,William B . Be ll , Bonn ie Berk,

Nancy A . Berlow,Michael Bernstein,

MarkV. Berry, Ora Bershtel, John N . Bizakis,Robert I. Blau.

’

78

M ichael Berger and his wife Andrea Gilbertare the proud parents of Ilyssa Abby, bornDecember 23, 1986 . M ichae l is an associatein the employment and labor law departmentat Montgomery, McCracken,

Walker andRhoads in Philade lphia . The family resides inElkins Park

,PA .

Deborah A. Franzblau has recently become a

member of a New York Ci ty law firm that isnow known as Burrows, Poster andFranzblau. A graduate of Temple UniversitySchool of Law

,she has been associated with

the fi rm since 1 98 1 . Her field Ofconcentration deals wi th the areas of realestate and real estate syndication,

representingpromoters,developers and

sponsors .

Vivian Loewenste in Gibilisco and her

husband Paul share the joyful news of thebirth of their daughter Lauren Beth onNovember 3 ,

1986 .

El ise GinsburgKestenbaum proudlyannounces that she is the mother of JonathanFranklin Kestenbaum

,born January 1 5 , 1 98 7 .

Harriet RosenbergMann and her husbandGary are delighted to announce the birth oftheir son Michael Aaron on August 23,

1987.

Harriet was recently promoted to director ofhuman resources and a member of themanagement team at the Jewish CommunityFederation of Cleveland . Her husband is asenior manager with Peat Marwick Main .

Iris Raylesberghas been named a vicepresident Of Howard J . RubensteinAssociates, Inc .

,a public re lations firm in

New York City . She received a master’sdegree from the Columbia Universi tyGraduate Schoo l Of Journalism . Before joiningthe firm two years ago, she worked for NBCNews and CBS News in New York . Iris livesin Manhattan with her husband Michae lRozansky .

Margo Rosenbach and Robert Gottlieb arepleased to announce the birth of theirdaughter Dana Rose Gottlieb on July 14,

1987 . Margo received a Ph .D . from the HellerSchool in 1985 . She is currently a senioranalyst with Heal th Economics Research inNeedham

,MA .

Howard M . Schwartz and his wife Anathappily announce the birth of their daughterArie lle Garin on June 25 , 1 987 .

Bernard A. Smyle, MD . of Harker Heights,TX was e lected recently to fellowship in the

American Academy of Pediatrics . To quali fyas a fellow of the Academy

,a pediatrician

must be certified as a fully qualifiedspecialist in the field Of child health .

Debra Wortzman Wasserman and GaryWasserman

’

80 recently returned from a

seven-month motorcycle trip around the USThey especially en joyed backpacking inYosemite and Grand Canyon National Parks .

Lost alumni : Jeryl S . Abramowi tz,Lee Alice

,

Caro la R . Andujo,Diane M . Asco li, Paula S .

Asher, Sharon Asro,E lizabeth D .

Auchincloss, William F . Bane,Brad A .

Bederman,Mark A . Beede

,Constance A .

Begelfer, Jeffrey S . Benne tt,Lorraine S .

Berkowitz, Carl T . Bemzweig.

’

79

Barry and Joanne Levy Citrin are happy toannounce the birth of Leah Alexandra onMay 20, 1987 . Barry is workingin WhitePlains

,NY as general manager for the

Travelers real estate investment department .Joanne is on maternity leave fromBloomingdale ’s where she is a housewaresbuyer

Cynthia Cindy"Dubinsky and DavidTeicher were married on March I , 198 7 .

Followingthe wedding, they headed for ahoneymoon trip to the Virgin Islands .

Joshua G indin and his wife Meryl, bothPhiladelphia attorneys, announce the birth oftheir daugh ter Jennifer Z oe on March 9,1987 .

Steven Hentoffmarried Ami G itlin on June7,1 987 in Garden City

,New York . He is

currently an assistant professor of psychiatryand anesthesiology at the University ofMassachusetts Medical Center . He alsomaintains a private practice on the NorthShore and consults to the ShaughnessyRehabilitation Hospital in Salem. Ami is thedirector of the recreational therapydepartment at the SpauldingRehabilitationHospi tal in Boston . They make the ir home inCambridge, MA, alongwith their dogMaggie .

Christopher C. Johnson, an independentfilmmaker, has completed a documentary,entitled Home, about the ACORN squattersin East New York . The fi lm won a goldplaque in the Chicago lntemational F ilm and

Video Festival and also won the Cine GoldenEagle Award in Washington,

D C. Unti lOctober 1985 , he was employed by anadvertisingfirm in New York, but thendecided to swi tch to film; While at Brandeishe worked on documentary fi lm.

David J . Kramer andWendy Ph ilips Kramer'

80 are delighted to announce the birth of

Rebecca Fanny, born May 30, 1 987 . The

couple and their daughter now reside inPi ttsburgh .

M ichae l and Rachel Connelly, now residentsofMaine, are the proud parents of red-haired,blue-eyed Mart in Adams, born July 2, 1 986 .

Both earned graduate degrees from the

Universi ty ofMichigan : Rachel, a Ph .D. in

economics in 1 985 , and Michael, an M .A . in

journalism in 1983 . Rachel teacheseconomics at Bowdoin College in Brunswickand has authored several articles . M ichael ’smost recently published piece was aboutboatingin Casco Bay .

Marjorie Re iter married Timo thy Dyas onMay 1 7, 1 987 . He is a firefighter in Cranford,NJ, and she is the administrator of obstetricsgynecology at St . Barnabas Medical Center inLivingston,

N J . Five weeks after theirwedding, the couple attended the marriage of

Marjorie ’s brother, Paul Reiter '83, to LoriHirchak in Santa Barbara, CA .

Robin Schaffer, MD . is now assistantclinical professor of anesthesiology at theUniversity of South Florida, Tampa. She alsoserves as attendingsenior anesthesiologist atTampa General Hospi ta l .

Sharon L . S immons, who now lives inJacksonville, FL received her in

historic preservation law from BostonUniversi ty . She practices real estate law inJacksonville and has been appointed to theJacksonville Landmarks Commission .

Randy A. Wh ite has been named a vicepresident in the finance department of FirstRepublic Bank, Dallas .

Lost alumni : Cynthia G . Aaron, Jeffrey S .

Adler, Mark Adler,Mitchell D. Albom,

S tephen Almekinder,David E . Bamberger,

Joseph Ben-Israel, Tesfaye Bif tu, Scott E .

Bingham, Roberta B . B lumenthal, Leon M.

Bresloff, Andrew J . Brown,Ronald J .

Calvanio, Michael C . Chan .

’

80

Raymond E . Baxter and Lisa Savery Baxterare pleased to announce the birth of theirfirst child Jessica Leigh on August 1 5 , 1 987 .

Ray is an attorney with the Boston law firm

of Burns and Levinson .

Barbara Shaughnessy Danforth and her

husband Tom happily announce the birth oftheir son Paul Richard on July 14, 1 987 . Pauljoins his bigbrother David, age three .

Lost alumni : Portia E . Adams, Lois Aldwin ,

Lydia Alexander,Benjamin J . Ashton, Shirin

Assari, Gayle S . Barsky , Susan E . Bell

,Cheryl

D . Bennett, S teven H . Bernstein

,Lorrie T .

Blank,Elizabeth S . Bober

,Carolyn J .

Boettner, Bill D . Borenstein, Lori G . Brem.

’

8 1

Amiet Goldman of New York C ity hasbeen promoted to accoun t marketingrepresentative at IBM where he Specializes intelecommunications products . His clientsinclude members of the media

,utilities

,

public sector and legal industries in NewYork City . Recently he received a D irector’sAward for outstandingsales achievements in1 987 .

E ileen Merker Schneider and Marc D.

Schneider are happy to announce the birth oftheir son Michael Adam on December 24,1987 .

Scott D. Schwartz has been named presidentof Spencer-Scott Real Estate Group, aCalifornia comm ercial rea l estatebroker/developer.

An thony Tony Sut in is on a leave of

absence from his law practice, and is nowworkingfor the Dukakis for Presidentcampaign in North Carolina.

Lost alumni : Michael B . Ari,Naomi L .

Benattar,Tass P . Bey, Eric Borcsok, Mitche ll

P . Brauner,Robert H . Brown, Tim G . Bym e,

S tavros Cademenos,Alan Chesick

,Peter V.

Chow, Timothy Clark, Debra E . Cohen,

Susan D . Cohen, Allan Crichton,Virgin ia

Damez,James R . Davis

,L isa Davis .

’

82

Joan Remar Levy and Lawrence E . Levyjoyfully announce the birth of the ir daughterRachel Moll ie on August 20, 1 987 .

Linda R . Meltzer has received her J.D. degreefrom the University of Texas School of Law,

and has been admi tted to the State Bar ofTexas .

Edy Rosenson and Howard B lady weremarried November 1 5 , 1 987 . Edy is workingas a senior actuarial assistan t for BuckConsultants, Inc .

, an actuarial consultingfirm in Manhattan .

Kenneth S ilber is a computer softwareengineer at Princeton Universi ty 's plasmaphysics laboratory, where he is workingonthe Tokamac Fusion Test Reactor Pro ject . Heis also the assistant varsi ty baseball coach atPrinceton .

Lawrence J . Stark has joined the firm of

Stone, Pogrund, Korey 8L Spagat as anassociate attorney ; the firm is located inChicago .

Lost alumni : Frances N . Araiza,TaraM .

Asai,A . Randall Barron

, Susan S . Bellman,

Kenneth A . Berg, Michelle D . Bowdler,

Andrew C . Breslau, Jean B . Brookman, JoelN . Chartkoff, Ronald Chibaro, Maria I . Chiu,

Michael D . Colbum, Michal G . Conford,Glenn Connell, Susan H. Creamer.’

83

Judy L. Berman has enrolled at NortheasternUniversity School of Law in Boston . In

addition to her traditional law schoo l studiesduringthe next three years, she willundertake four legal internships .

William Cember is workingas an assistan tdistrict attorney in the narcotics bureau forthe Bronx District Attorney 's Office in BroCourts, New York City .

Cheryl Cutler is one of the authors of ThePowers in the Middle Eas t : The UltimateS trategic Arena . The book explores theexplosive impact that the super powercompetition has had on coun tries in the

Middle East . It examines the region and

discusses its resources and trade potentialwhile investigating its relations wi thcoun tries such as the Uni ted States, SovietUnion,

England and Japan .

Marlene Fassbergreceived hermaster ’sdegree in counsel ingand consul tingpsychology from Harvard University in 1 985 .

She and Joshua Zarrow,who was a visiting

student at Brandeis during 1 980-8 1 , weremarried in September 1 985 and they have ason Jason Matthew

,born May 7, 1 987 . Joshua

received his J.D . degree from AmericanUniversi ty

,Washington College of Law in

May 1 986 . The family is now residinginStudio City, CA .

Scott Fie ld and J ill Hauser were married inSeptember 1 987 . J ill

,an artist, and Scott, an

attorney, reside in Washington,DC .

Debra F. Friedman and David Gustavsonwere marri ed October 1 8, 1 987 in Boston.

Debra is workingin the Financial Aid Officeat Brandeis and David is the supervisor ofcomputer programmers at a company inWes twood

,MA .

Barry M itchel and Betsy Lantnerweremarried in February 1 988 . Barry is workingasa dental resident at Brookdale Hospital aftergraduatingfrom Columbia School ofDentaland Oral Surgery in 1 987 . Betsy is finishingher studies at Albany Medical College .

E llen Krugman Harris and Stephen Harrisrecently celebrated the birth of their firstchild Benjamin M ichael on October 1 , 1987 .

After receivingherM .A . from ColumbiaTeachers College, Ellen began her career inearly chi ldhood education,

from which she iscurrently takinga maternity break . S teve isan attorney at the Manhattan law firm of

Summit, Rovins 81 Feldesman,where he

prac tices labor and employment law. The

fami ly now resides in Brooklyn, NY .

Amy Oshansky and Larry Knopf are engaged,the marriage is to take place in June . Amy isan attorney wi th the US . Dept . ofHealthand Human Services in Boston, Larry is anassociate with Gaston Snow and Ely Bartlett,also in Boston.

Stuart J . Rotman has been appoin ted artdirector at WJW-TVS in Cleveland, OH . He

and his fiancee Renee Goldbergwi ll bemarried November 6, 1 988 .

Jamie Schiffman completed an M .A . in

broadcast journalism from Boston Universityin 1985 and then worked as an on-air newsreporter forWLIQ-TV in LongIsland unti lthe fall of 1 986 . At that time, she left totravel in Israel for 1 0 months . She is nowemployed at UAHC in New York as assistan tto the director of the Israel programs .

Mark J . Schlickman,MD . and Janice R .

Kravitz ’

84 were married Apri l 1 2, 1 987 inBrandeis ’ Berlin Chapel . Jan ice is currentlypursuinga master’s degree in psychology

whi le workingas a counselor in the ChildMental Health Uni t at the University ofMassachusetts Medical School . Markgraduated from the Universi ty of

Massachusetts Medical School this past Juneand is currently a resident in psychiatry atthe Medical Center there . The couplehoneymooned in Cal ifornia and now residein Worcester

,MA .

Lost alumni : Marie F . Aglion,Christine

Ah lstrom,Henry D . Aiken

,Timothy J .

Alavosus,Myriam Alhadeff

,Edie Almeleh,

Abby I . Alpert, Corinne V. Ardon, NancyBacher, S tuart A . Barr, Doris J . Bates, VivianBehar

, Scott A. Bennett, Nicholas Bessmer,

Helen A . Bikkal,Yvette L . Bonaparte .

’

84

Mart in Alintuck was recently named anaccount executive wi th Cabot PublicRelations in Boston . As part of Cabot ’sCorporate Group, he will be workingon new

and existingaccoun ts with an emphasis onpublic affairs . Previously, Mart in was on the

staff ofMassachusetts Governor Michael S .

Dukakis .

Leslie Antin and Bruce Levy were engaged inJune 1987 in the Castle Commons, wherethey met six years ago . Leslie is a high schoolteacher in New Jersey and Bruce is a thirdyear student at New York Universi ty LawSchool . An August 1 988 wedding is planned .

Heidi Beth Fransman is engaged to marryDr. Alan E . Leavi tt in June 1 988 . She

currently works as a marketingcoordinatorfor a division of Johnson and Johnson .

Jerald Horowitz graduated from the CardozoSchool of Law and passed the New YorkBar— he is currently workingin a federaljudicial clerkship in New York Ci ty .

Rebecca Laszlo is a database consultant atDigi tal Equipment Corporation and recentlywon a trip to Acapulco to receive the 1 987Digital Excellence Award . She lives inVenice, CA .

David J . Rose is currently employed in New

York as a senior consul tan t at GGF, Inc .

, a

securi ties and bankingsoftware house . He isleavingfor a six-month trip to Tokyo to helpestablish an office there .

Roger A. Segal and Sarah E . Kroloff’

86 are

engaged to be married . Roger is currentlyassistant director of admissions at BrandeisUniversi ty, and Sarah hopes to pursue adegree in public health .

Lost alumni : Carolyn E . Adams, TerryAmgott

-Kwan, Robert J . Balotin,S teve E .

Bizar, Jan A . Blum ,Marcia E . Bramson, Heidi

S . Bronstein,ByongS . Choi, Deborah E .

Cohen,Lauri E . Croce, Joel T . Cuperfain,

Debra L . Danielson,Phil M . DeCapite,

Thomas J . DiBartholomeo,Amaury Diaz .

’

85

Lisa Antell andM ichae l Lichtenbergweremarried March 20, 1988 . Lisa is a member ofthe fixed income group at M .D . SassInvestors and trades mun ic ipal bonds .Michael is a salesman with S . LichtenbergCO . They live in New York City .

Shari Fe ldman and Lt . Thomas Ariai l weremarried July 1 1 , 1 98 7 . Shari will graduatefrom Case Western University School of Lawthis May .

L isa Sachs and R ichard Baum are engaged tobe married . L isa is a student at the NYUGraduate School of Business Adm inistrationand Rich is a third-year student at theTemple Universi ty School of Dentistry inPhiladelphia . An August 1989 wedding isplanned .

Sharon Slade and Daniel Z unitch ’

86 wereengaged in October 1 987 . They are lookingforward to their weddingin May .

Jeanne M . Sole has enrolled at NortheasternUniversi ty School of Law in Boston . Whilepursuingher J.D . degree over the next threeyears, Jeann e will undertake four legalinternships in addition to her traditional lawschool S tudies .

Joshua B . Spero and E llen L . Rowse '

86 weremarried on July 26

,1 987 in Littleton,

MA .

Josh is a research analyst at the Library ofCongress and E llen is workingon herM .A .

in special education at the University ofMaryland . The couple resides in Rockville,MD .

Lost alumni : Jeremy A . Addis,Howard

Adelman,Karen S . Adler, Sultan Ahmed,

Andrew J . Amoff, L isa A . Barkan,Paul M .

Bauer, Marc Benjamin,Michael A. Berman

,

Mark Bix,Daniel H . Blumenthal

,Robert M .

Brandwene, Laura Brodzinsky, Laura J .Campanis, Elizabeth M . Champlin .

’

86

Sherri Alpert is currently enrolled in the

Ph .D . program at BuffaloDental School . She was awarded the MooreFellowship for her studies there .

Michelle Butensky was appointed youthservices coordinator at the YM-YWHA of

Metropolitan New Jersey .

Mariel Nanasi is in her second year atDenver University Law Schoo l . She is alsocoordinator for the Colorado chapter of theNational Lawy ers Guild .

Lost alumni : Sheila D . Ali, David M .

Amentola,Betsy G . Arno ld

,R isa F . Aronson,

Malca Bassan, Merri ll S . Becker,Kimberly D .

Benek,Dan J . Berman,

M ichae l L . Bernstein,

Naomi B . Blumberg, Jennifer Bollinger,Gregory S . Campora, Susan M . Carboni

,Sara

A . Casse, Rosa M . Cervera.

’

87

Heidi Halpem and Alan Kay re turned fromfive months in Europe where they had awonderful time . They are both workingandlivingin Massachusetts and will be marriedon June 1 2

,1 988 .

Lost alumni : Bela Apparao , Dov Bulka, S ilkeM . Georgi , Haggai Goldfarb, Solomon R .

Mangolini, Argard Pinsuvana, Ruth S .

Tenenhouse .

E lizabeth M intz and Allen Walpert weremarried on November 22, 1 987 . Brandeisalums in attendance included : Kenneth andRoberta ( Schor) Walpert

'

80 ; Josh Prottas'

82 ; Lewis Krata, Donald S ilvey, AllanSpitzer, Joel S inger, Carol Sommer, PhilGoldste in, Shari Mogel, Marla Radetsky,Stephen and Al ison Klein Okinow, LaurieRubin Haber and Lis Bolson Heron— all

from '

84; and Fran Z arrett Schwarz ’

86 .

Allen recently completed his M .B .A. in the

co-op program at Northeastern . L iz isenrolled in a master’s program at BostonUniversity ’s College of Communication .

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There has not been in print ahandy, one-volume col lec t ion of

Madison ’s mos t importantwri t ings and papers Thisbook plugs that gap .

— Leonard Levy, in the Edi tor’sForeword to the first ed i t ion .

A Brandeis Univers ityPress/UPNE book .

A new and expanded vers ion of

a c lass ic work on France ’scontrovers ial wri ter inc ludesselec t ions from Hindus ’extensive correspondence and

personal meet ings with Cel ineduringh is postwar exi le inDenmark .

A Brande is Univers i tyPress/UPNE book .

A book that is bo th wise and

de lightful .”New York Times Book

Review.

A Brande is Univers ityPress/UPNE book from the

Tauber Ins t i tute .

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John Kenneth White

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Noel Perrin

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A w i t ty discussion of 40 l i terarymasterp ieces that have beenwrongful ly ignored or forgot ten,

this i s a book to savor and sharewi th one ’s friends l ike ade l icious secret .— Jay Parini , author of The PatchBoys and o ther books .

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A Brande is Un ivers ityPress/UPNE book from the

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Order directly from UPNE . Ment ion the B randeisReview and receive a 20% discount . Books wi ll bemai led pos tage paid . Please send check or provideVISA or MasterCard number and expiration date .

Telephone orders accepted at 603 -646-3340 .

Univers ity Press of New EnglandLebanon S treet

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Whi te ’s descript ion of the

s trategic imperat ives thatunderpin Ronald Reagan ’s 1980pres ident ial v ic tory capturesmore fai th ful ly what reallyhappened than anythingelsenow in prin t . ”— R ichard Wirthlin,

RonaldReagan

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The bes t assessment avai lable on

the s tate of knowledge on the

Final Solut ion,on mot ives

,

res is tance and col laborat ion,as

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outs ide world . ”— Wal ter Laqueur, Center forS trategic and In ternat ionalStudies, George town Univers i ty .

Summer 1988 Volume 7 Number 4

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Brandeis Review, Volume 7

Number 4, Summer 1988

Brandeis Review (ISSN 0273-7175 )is published by Brandeis University4 15 South StreetWaltham

,Massachusetts 02254-9 1 10

with free distribution to alumni,students, trustees, friends, parents, facultyand staff.Postmaster : Send address changes toBrandeis UniversityBrandeis Review4 15 South StreetWaltham, Massachusetts 02254-9 1 10Opinions expressed in the Brandeis Revieware those of the authors and not necessarilyof the Editor or Brandeis University.

© 1988 Brandeis UniversityOffice of PublicationsDepartment of Communications andPublic Relations

Summer 1988

Around the University

G ivingMeaning to the Ruinsof a PrehistoricMetropolis

A Belief in the Play

Hunger in aWorldFull ofGrain

Towers of Learning andtheUniversityAthlet ic Associat ion

Athlet ics andO ther Past imes

A Turning PointforH igher Education

Bookshelf

Faculty Notes

Alumni

ClassNotes

EditorBrendaMarder

Senior DesignerCharles Dunh amAssistant EditorAnita FlanzbaumReview PhotographerJulian BrownStaff DesignerSara Barber

Volume 7 Number 4

George L . Cowgill

Mark Guer in M .F.A .

’

88

BrendaMarder

Jeffrey Cohen ’64

Julian Brown

Cover: Third in a series of The Seasonsby Julian Brown

Alumn i EditorDonella Lewis

S taff AssistantVeronica Blacquier

niversr

Honorary Degrees Awarded at’

88 Comm encement

Two Pu li tzer Prize-winningauthors, alongt ime fr iend and benefactor of theUnivers ity and a nat ional ly recogn izedchamp ion of chi l dren ’s and fami lycauses were amongnine in dividualswho received honorary degrees as partof the Univers i ty’s 1988 commencemen texercisesMay 29 .Wri ter John Updike,winner of the 1988 Brandeis Creative ArtsAwardsMedal for Fict ion,

andDaniel J.Boorstin

,his tor ian

,educator and author,

are amongthis year ’s rec ip ients of theUn ivers i ty ’s highes t honor. Updikewonthe Pul i tzer Prize for Fiction forhis 1982novel, Rabbit is Rich . Boorstin won the

Pul i tzer Pri ze forHis tory in 1973 wi thTheAmericans : TheDemocraticExperience, which alsowon theDexter Pr ize .

Updike, often hai led as the premiernove l i s t ofhis generat ion ,

is the authorof 13 nove ls . Hi s latest work, S .

,an

epis tolary nove l, i s amodern vers ion of

Nathaniel Hawthorne ’s The Scarlet Letter .Agraduate ofHarvard Col lege, Updikebrieflywas on the s taf f of theNew Yorkermagazine, but left to pursue his ownwr i t ingcareer. His firs t nove l, ThePoorhouse Fair, was published to pos i t ivereviews in 1959 . Amas ter of severalgenres includingthe novel, short s tory,poem and l i terary cr i tic ism

,Updike has

received numerous l i terary awards in his30-year career. Hismos t recen t col lect ionof prose, Huggingthe Shore, won theNat ional BookCri t ics C ircle Awardfor Cr i t icism in 1 984 .

Boorstin was di rec tor of the Library ofCongress for 12 years, after servingasdirector of the Nat ional Museum of

American His tory and sen ior his torianof the Smi thson ian In s t i tut ion . Boorstin

graduated from Harvard Universi ty,received his doc torate from Yale andwasa Rhodes Scho lar at Bal l iol Col lege inOxford, England . He is curren t ly edi tor-arlarge at Doubleday, aswe ll as amember ofthe edi tor ial board of U S . News er) WorldReport . The Discoverers, Boorstin ’

s his toryofman

’s search to know the world andhimself

,was a Book-of—the-Mon th C lub

Main Se lect ion,was on theNew York

Times Bes t Sel ler l is t for sixmonths andin 1986won theWatson Davis Prize ofthe His tory of Science Society.

Other degree rec ip ients are : Victor H .

Beinfi eld, MarianWr ight Ede lman,Jessye

Norman,Wal terA . Rosenblith, Maxin e

F. S inger, Te lford Taylor and Les l ieH . Wexner.

Beinfi eld is amajor benefac tor andlongt ime friend of the Univers i ty. He has

won respect and recogn i t ion for devotinghis time and talents to many c iv ic andphi lanthropic causes, amongthem the

endowment of several academic chairsat the Univers i ty, aswe l l asmajorcon tribut ions to fe l lowships and otherprograms . A former self-employedbus inessman

,Beinfieldwas inducted

as a Brande is Fe l low in 1985 .

Mar ianWright Ede lman is founder andpresiden t of the Chi ldren ’s Defense Fund,a nat ional agencywhose aim is to educatethe coun try about the needs of chi ldren .

Edelman,who de l ivered themain

commencement address (seeaccompanyingnot ice ), rece ived herhonorary degree in recogni t ion of her

career as a chi ldren ’s defender andadvocate for di sadvan tagedAmericans .

Rosenblith is a professor emeri tus andprovos t emeri tus of theMassachuse t tsIn s t i tute ofTechnology andmember ofthe Brande is Un ivers i ty Board ofTrustees .He is amember ofmany pres t igiousorganizat ions, inc ludingthe Nat ionalAcademy of Sciences, theNat ionalAcademy of Engineer ingand theAmerican Academy ofArts and Sciences,and is a fe l low of theWorldAcademy ofArt and Science .

S inger, former chief of laboratorybiochem is try at the National In s t itutesofHeal th in Be thesda, Marylan d, iscurrent ly pres iden t of the CarnegieIns t i tution ofWashington,

D C,where

she is cont inuingher cancer research .

Iessye Norman

Lesl ieWexner is founder, president andchairman of the board ofThe L imi ted,Inc .

,the coun try’s leadingwomen

’sappare l spec ial ty s tore andmai l orderre tai ler. The company current ly operatesabout women

’s spec ial ty stores andmai l order div is ions . As a phi lan thropist,he has embarked on a program to trainJewish leaders and s trengthen the Jewishcommuni ty; and es tablished a campaignto transform his hometown, Co lumbus,Ohio

,into a financial cen ter, among

other projects .

Norman i s cons idered one of the greatdivas ofmodern opera. Born in Augus ta,Georgia

,in 1945 , shewas educated at

Howard Universi ty and the Univers i tyofM ichigan . Makingher operat ic debutwi th the Deutsche Oper Berl in in 1969,she has performed throughout Europe andAmerica

,and has received wi de cri t ical

acclaim . A dramat ic soprano whose rangeis from belowM iddle C , Norman is asadept s ingingthe operas ofMozart,Verdi, Berl ioz andWagner, as she isaccomplished del iveringthe art songsof Sat ie, Poulenc and Strauss .

Taylorwas the US . chief counse l at theNurembergTrials andgeneral counse lto the Federal Commun icat ionsComm iss ion . He is the author ofnumerous books, inc ludingGrandInquest: The S tory of the CongressionalInves tigation ( 1955 J, NurembergandVietnam: An Am erican Tragedy ( 197 1 )andMunich : The Price ofPeaceA specialis t in cons t i tutional law and

cr im inal law,Taylor began his academic

career in 1 957 as a v is i t inglecturer at YaleLaw School , and is current ly theNashProfessor Emeri tus of Law at ColumbiaLaw Schoo l .

Children’

s Crusader is KeynoteSpeaker at ’

88 Commencement

MarianWright Ede lman, a nat ionallyrecognized champion of chi ldren ’s andfam i ly causes as founder and pres ident ofthe Chil dren ’s Defense Fund (CDF), wasthemain speaker at the Univers i ty’sgraduat ion exercises May 29 . Ede lman

received an honorary degree duringthecommencemen t program,

recognizinghercareer as a champion of chi ldren '

s righ tsand advocate for the disadvan taged .

Ede lman began her campaign for chi ldrenin the mid—19605 when,

as the firs t blackwoman admi t ted to theM iss iss ippi Bar

,

she directed the Legal Defense andEducat ion Fund of the Nat ionalAssociat ion for the Advancement ofColored People in Jackson

,Mi ssissippi . In

addit ion to beinginvolved in many civ ilrights cases, she successfully helped fendoff po li tical at tacks agains t the Chi ldDeve lopment Group ofM iss iss ippi— one

of the larges t Head S tart programs in thecoun try

,wi thmore than 100 centers in

mos tly rural,poor communi t ies .

Brandeis Celebrates

Brandeis at Forty” has been des ignatedas the Universi ty ’s slogan duringthe4oth-ann iversary year. Readers of theReviewwould have firs t seen the s loganon a save-the-date postcard sen t to alumn iand Brande is Inner Fami lymembers inMay. The card outl ined the bas ic scheduleof ac tivi t ies for the Oc tober 5—9ce lebrat ion period .

To kick off the ann iversary ce lebrat ion,

Levin Bal lroom wi l l be transformed in toa swingingn ightclub for an eveningofdanc ingto the mus ic of Panama Francisand the Savoy Sul tan s performingin theloth Annual Louis ArmstrongMus icFund Concert onWednesday, October 5 .

Fo l lowingthat, the 3oth ann iversaryce lebrat ion of theWien Internat ionalScho lars Program on Thursday

,October

In 1968, Edelman foun ded theWashingtonResearch Pro jec t

,which became the

Chi ldren ’s Defense Fun d in 1973 . CDF

has become an effect ive voice nat ionwidein the areas ofado lescent pregi ancypreven t ion

,child heal th andmental

welfare,educat ion

,chi ld care

,youth

employmen t, chi ldwelfare and fami ly

support sys tems . Born in Benn etsville,

South Carol ina,Ede lman graduated from

Spelman Co llege in 1960, and earned herL .L .B . from Yale Law School in 1963 . In

197 1 , Timemagazine named her one ofArnerica

’

s youngleaders .

Ede lman was the firs t b lack woman

elec ted to the Yale Univers i ty Corp. Shecurrently serves on the boards of theNAACP Legal Defense and EducationFund, the Aetna Life and Casual tyFoundat ion and theMarch ofDimes andchairs the board of trus tees ofher alma

mater, Spelman Col lege . In 1987,Harvard

Univers i ty Press publi shed Families inPeril: AnAgenda for SocialChange, basedon Ede lman

’sWE B . DuBois lectures atHarvard in 1986 . Ede lman l ives inWashington,

D C ,wi th her husban d

,

Peter Edelman,a law professor at

George town Un ivers i ty, and the couple ’sthree sons, Joshua, Jonah and Ezra .

Brande is s tudents are plann inga day ofact iv i t ies for Friday

,Oc tober 7

,some of

which wi l l involve alumn i . At the same

t ime,alumni leaders

,includingchapter

officers, c lass officers , alumn i annualfund workers andmembers of the AlumniAdmiss ions Counci l

,wi l l be meet ingon

the campus bo th Thursday and Friday inan Alumni Leadership Convocation . The

Board ofTrus tees wi l l al so meet on Friday.

The celebrat ionweekend wi l l conc ludeon Sundaywi th the 40th-Anniversary /Founders’ Day Convocat ion in Lev inBal lroom . Honorary degree rec ipien ts wi llinclude dis t inguished alumn i aswel l asother nat ional leaders . Their names wil lbe announced duringthe summer.

Other 40th-ann iversary ce lebrat ionsaround the country are beingplannedby chapters of the Brande is Alumn iAssociat ion . The NationalWomen

’sCommi t tee dedicated i ts June conferenceto a 40th-anniversary celebrat ion and

indiv idual chapters are also organ iz ingevents .

6 wi l l includeWien Scho lars from the

three decades return ingto campus toparticipate in c lasses and to at tend asympos ium on internat ional educat ion .

Two American scholars in the field ofinternat ional educat ion

,Michae l Nach t

from the School of Public Affairs,Univers i ty ofMaryland and CraufurdGoodwin from the Departmen t ofEconomics

,Duke Un ivers i ty, alongwi th

others,w i l l con tr ibute to the afternoon

sympos ium . TheWien Programce lebrat ion wi l l concludewi th aneveninglecture .

Saturday has been reserved for academicsympos ia duringthe day and agalace lebration dinner in the even ing. The

dinnerwi l l be at the CopleyMarriot t inBos ton andwi l l feature a new alumn iaward

,an audio-v isual look at Brande is

at Forty, the honorary degree recipients,amongother entertainment . The dinnerwi l l be black-tie and inv i tat ions wi l l besent to the entire on-campus communi tyas wel l as Brandeis alumni

,Trustees

,

members of the Just ice Brandeis Socie tyand the Nat ional Women

’s Commi t tee,friends and other supporters .

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continuingto lower the rate at whichtui tion increases . For the pas t severalyears

,Brande is has been successful in that

effort,reduc ingthe increase from

percent in fiscal year ’

83 to percen tin fiscal year ’

89 . The Board ’s vote iscons is tent wi th i ts commi tmen t to keepincreases close to

,or if poss i ble less than

,

those at comparable ins t i tut ions .

In announ c ingthe increases to parentsof current s tudents

,Handler sai d the

size of the increase is due to a number offactors beyond the Univers i ty ’s control .”As one of the nat ion ’smajor researchun ivers i t ies

,

"she said, ”Brande is mus t

commi t a s ignifican t portion of i ts budgetto such high cos t i tems as sc ien tific andtechnological equipmen t

,books

,journals

and salaries . in addi t ion,in a s i tuat ion

sharedwi thmos t col leges andunivers i t ies

,we incur s ignificant

cos ts in meet ingthe needs of deferredmain tenance and in renovat ingourolder buildings to suppor t themoreSophis t icated programs they now house .

But some media accoun ts , such as aMay4 editorial in the Boston Globe byAlanLupo

,took issue wi th themessage being

conveyed in the protes t . ”I have a lot of

respect formy own rel igion,which is

Jewish,and that of others, but I do not

have too much pat ience wi th thesuper-religious who wish to imposetheir fundamentalis t be l iefs onothers,”Lupo wrote .

is also why I am upset bya recent s tory that some BrandeisUnivers ity s tuden ts are outraged thatthe adminis trat ion al lows shellfish andpork to be served in a campus din inghall . Nobody, of course, is forced to eatthe s tuff, nor is i t served everywhereon campus, somost Brandeis folkssay i t ’s OKf’

Brande i s has longoffered kosher andnonkosher menus for s tuden ts . Morethan 300 s tuden ts are on the Universi ty’skosher food plan and have a separate andsoon-to-be-expanded cafeteria in Sherman

S tudent Center. The addi t ion of pork andshe l lfish to the nonkoshermeal s i te menu

in Usdan S tudent Cen ter s temmed froma report by the Un ivers i ty’s Board ofTrus tees las t year. The s tudent senate, in a

mee ting las t fal l, endorsed the food pol icyrecommended by the Board . The Boardvoted unanimous ly last October toreaffirm i ts earl ier vote andhas noin tent ion of changing the food pol icy.

Further,the Pres iden t pointed to the

fact that support for financial aid fromthe federalgovernment has shrunks ignifican t ly over the pas t few years,forc ingmos t col leges to seek funds fromother sources . For example, recen t s tudi esshow that, despi te increases in federalfunds for fin ancial aid, the value of federalgrant aidgoingto ful l -t ime s tudents hasdec lined by 14 percent in cons tan t dol lars,Handler said .

Regardless of federal financial aid support,Brande is hasmade a comm i tment toprovide a financ ial aid package tomee tthe to tal cos ts ofanymatriculat ings tudents who can demonstrate calculatedneed . Approximately 50 percent ofallBrandeis s tuden ts receive some form of

financ ial aid. The Universi ty has,therefore, in creased i ts financ ial aidbudget by an amount that exceeds thepercent of increase in the tui t ion rate .

After Sunday’s demons trat ion,the

S tuden t senate cri t ic ized the protes torsby passinga resolut ion stat ingthat theP igtown ” shan t ies were offens ive . The

resolut ion s tates that shantytown s area symbol of oppress ion for black SouthAfrican s

,and that usingthem elsewhere

dimini shes the seriousness of thes i tuat ion in that coun try.

The protes tors also contestedwhatthey said was a purpose ful change in theUnivers i ty’s calendar to omi t nam es ofspecific Jewish hol idays . Univers i tyoffic ials said that in the publicat ion lastfal l of the Univers i ty’s calendar, 3 list ofJewi sh and Chr is tian holy days wasinadvertent ly omi t ted due to a printingerror. That error has s ince been corrected .Subsequent publicat ions of the Univers i tycalendar have in cluded the l is t .

Another s tudent,Deborah Levenson

,

C lass of 1988, said , ”I think the protest is

ridiculous . To think 10 students out ofaS tudent body of can command thismuch media at tent ion is remarkable . The

Universi ty only serves pork and she llfishout ofone dininghall in Usdan . If

someone is bothered by this,they can

choose to eat in Sherman,where the

kosher food diningcenter is located . Also,Jewish l ife on thi s campus flourishes . Wehave one of the larges t Hi lle l programs,many differen t kinds of Friday nigh tservices avai lable and a very act ives tudent-run UJA campaign . The protes ttakes away the focus from these verypos i t ive, Jewish-run act iv i t ies .

Physics Professor S tephan BerkoElected to National Academy ofSciences

Stephan Berko,theWi l l iam R . Kenan ,

Jr. Professor of Phys ics, was e lectedto the pres tigious Nat ional Academyof Sc iences (NAS ). Berko ’

s e lect ion wasannounced in aMay 2 ar t ic le in TheNewYorkTimes

,which said theAcademy is

of ten described as the country’smos tpres t igious honorary society forscien t is ts . Formos t sc ient is ts in thecoun try

,the e lec t ion to the Academy

is second on ly to the Nobe l Prize as ameasure of scien t ific accomp lishment .

Berko is one of the pioneers ofa techn iquethat uses pos i trons to s tudy tne behaviorof e lectrons in ordinarymat ter. Thepos i tron,

which is the ant i-mat ter ”twinof the e lectron,

is a valuable probe in suchdiverse fields as atomic, sol id s tate andbiomedical phys ics .

Berko said his elect ion to theAcademy is probably not the resul t of onepar t icular piece of research, but rather theaccumulat ion ofwork on pos i tron and

pos i tronium phys ics performed inco l laborat ionwi th h is s tudents andresearch associates .

Bes ides direct inga research groupat Brandeis, Berko is also part of aconsort ium of phys icis ts from Brande is,the C i ty Col lege ofNew York, AT&T Bel lLaboratories and Brookhaven Nat ionalLaboratory that is s tudyingthe surfacepropert ies of sol ids us inghigh-in tens i ty,low-energy pos i tron beams .

Berko and 60 other scient is ts wereelected to the NAS by secret bal lot ingby curren t Academymembers . Thee lect ion,

in recogni t ion ofdis t inguishedachievements in original research ,brought the total number of currentAcademymembers to accordingto the Times .

Seven other Brande is facul tymembersand Un ivers i ty officers aremembersof the Academy : Robert H . Abe les,the Aron and Imre Tauber Professorof B iochemis try andMolecularPharmacology ; Wi l l iam P. Jencks,the Gyu la and Kat ica Tauber Professorof B iochemi s try andMolecularPharmacodynamics ; Alfred G . Redfield,professor of phys ics and biochemistryandRosens t ie l Bas icMedical SciencesResearch Cen ter; Alfred Nisonoff,professor of biology andRosens t ie lBas icMedical Sc iences Research Center;Ernes t G runwald, theHenry F. FischbachProfessor of Chemis try; Martin G ibbs,the Abraham S . andGertrude Burg

Professor in Life Sciences S tuart H .

Al tman,dean

,Florence He l ler Graduate

School forAdvanced S tudies in SocialWelfare and Sol C . Chaiken ProfessorofNat ional Heal th Pol icy.

Berko s tudied phys ics at theUniversi tyofMun ich andwon aHi l lel Foundat ionfe l lowship that sent him in 1948 to the

Univers i ty ofVirginia there he rece ivedhis Ph .D . in 1953 . From 1 953 to 196 1

Berko he ld a pos tdoc toral NRCFel lowship at Princeton Univers i ty( 1953 a S loan Foundat ion Fel lowshipat the Bohr Inst i tute, Copenhagen( 1958—59 ) and advanced from ass is tan tprofessor to professor at the Univers ity ofVirginia. He joined the Brande is facul ty in196 1 andwas in s trumental in deve lopingthe teachingand research program in

exp er imental physics . In 1968 he was aresearch associate at the Univers ity ofParis and in 1976—77 aGuggenheimFe llow at the Laue Langev in Ins ti tute inGrenoble, France . In 1977, he was electeda Fe llow of the American Academy ofArts and Sciences and in 1978 was namedtheWi l l iam R . Kenan

, Jr. Professor atBrandei s . In 1984, agroup ofdis t inguishedpos i tron phys icis ts, togetherwi th Berko’

s

former Ph .D . s tuden ts and researchassoc iates

,held a ful l-day sympos ium at

Bran deis to celebrate his sixt ieth birthday.A

”Fes tschrif t” volume containingth issymposiumwas pub lished in 1985 .

Bes ides sc ient ific publ icat ions and reviewar t ic les

,and the product ion of two mov ies

made forundergraduate teaching, Berkolectured extens ive ly in Wes tern Europe,Israe l

,China

,India and Japan . At the

presen t t ime, Berko and his researchassoc iates are studyingthe new hightemperature superconduc tors us ingthepos i tron techn ique .

Sports Notes

Brandeis Men’

s Tennis Finishes Thirdin UAA Tournament

Noel Occomy'

89 .

Occomy won his in i t ial match in the

number one singles, but then los t ahear tbreaker to the top ranked singlesplayer in the tourney. Two singles playersmade it to the finals, John Cordish ’

90 at

number two andMike Gratz ’

9 1 at

number four, aswel l as the doubles teamofGratz andDav id Bilgrei ’

88 . Bilgreiwas

awinner in the consolat ion bracket of thenumber three s ingles . Adam Fe ldman

’

88

went to the semi-finals in both thenumber five s ingles and in the numbertwo doubles wi th teammate Cordish .

Brandeis coach Tom Fo ley, anadministrator in theWaltham schoolsystem,

is in his 2 l s t year ofguidingtheJudges’ tenn is teams . He was voted UAATenn is Coach of the Year by the otherUAA coaches at the tourney.

The Brande is Univers i tymen’s tennis

team,which hos ted the firs t Univers i ty

Ath let ic Assoc iat ionmen’s tenn is

championships,finished third in the

compe t i t ion he ld here in late Apri l .The Judges’ Ian Murray ’

89 capturedtwo tennis ti t les for Brande is in thechampionship

,which waswon by Emory

Univers i ty. He took the top spot in thesixth s ingles by comingback to win the

t i tle in three sets . Murray then pairedwi th Noe l Occomy ’

89 to win the firs tdoubles crown , upset t ingthe top seededteam in three sets .

Student Athletes Honored at Banquet

Four s tudent athletes were honored forachievemen ts both on and off the field atthe four th annual Ath le t ics Recogn i t ionandAwards Banque t he ldMay 2 . Morethan 350members of the Bran deiscommuni ty turned out for the even t

,

which inc luded a visual rev iew of the

1986— 87 sports seasons and a talk byMalco lm L . Sherman

,amember of the

Board ofTrus tees . The eveningopenedwi th gree t ings and remarks by Pres identEve lyn E . Handler. Honored at thebanquet were seniors DanaViole t te(men

’s soccer ), who received the Harry,Joseph and Ida S teinMemorial Award forthe outs tandingmale athlete

,and Chris

Corsac (women’s basket bal l

,sof tbal l ),

who received the Max 1 . S i lber AwardfromMr. S ilber as the outs tandingfemale ath lete .

Also honoredwas Karen Pon tbriand ’

88

(women’s baske tbal l

,softball ), whowon

theMorris Sepinuck Sportsman shipAward

,an annual prize presen ted to the

vars ity athle te whomakes a s ignifican tcontri but ion to the athle t ic program and

campus life .

Cheryl Bregman’

88 (women’s soccer )

received the Robert MarksonMemorialPrize, awarded to the senior vars i tyathle tewi th the highes t cumulat iveaverage in the humani t ies .

Obituaries

Long-t ime Brandeis benefac torMax

Feldberg died at the age of 90 inApril aftera longi llness . His support ofBrandeisdates back to 1948, when he andhisbrother, Morris, underwrote cons t ruct ionof the FeldbergLounge in the Sherman

S tudent Center. They also founded,in

1972,the Fe ldbergComputer Center,

enlarged in 1976 and now called theFe ldbergCommunicat ions Cen ter. ABrandei s Fe l low

,he was awarded an

honorary degree in 1 972 .

A leadingBos ton-area ph ilan thropis t,hisgeneros i ty extended tomany civ icand religious organizat ions, amongthemthe Be th Israe l Hospi tal

,where he and

his fami ly donated amodern faci l i ty formedical care, teachingand research theCombined Jewish Philan thropies ofGreater Boston ; and the S tate of Israe l,forwh ich he worked to raise funds .

Nat ionalWomen’s Committee

Art ist ’sWork to Support BUNWCComm emorat ive Fundraising

Pop art ist James Rosenquis t has,to

unders tate s lightly, a talent forunusualcombinat ions of images . For ins tan ce, onecanvas offers aglance in thewindow of a

passingcar— fi llings lowlywi th me l ted,

creamy nougat, ent i t led ChocolateHighway Trust . In the 19605 his arres t ingwork hois ted Rosenquis t into the ranksof such 20th-century gian ts asWarhol,Rauschenbergand L ichtens te in . His

shows sol d out early; by 1964, hisworkscould be seen in theMuseum ofModernArt . Of livingar t is ts, on ly John s and deKooningcommand the prices thatRosenquis t does in today’s art world .

No wonder that the Brande is Univers i tyNat ionalWomen

’s Commi t tee isdelighted that Rosenquis t has agreed toproduce a limi ted edi t ion li thograph inhonor of the NWC ’s 40th anniversary.This 4oth-Ann iversary Pro jectwi l les tablish a fund in support of the BrandeisLibrar ies . Donors whomake agif t of $550ormore to the 40th-Ann iversaryComm emorat ive Fund wi l l receive a 29by 36” s igned s ilkscreenwi th the offsetlithograph, which was on display at theNWC Nat ional Conference on June 7—1 2

,

on the Brandei s campus .

Mr. Fe ldbergwas cofounder and chairman

emeri tus of Z ayre Corporat ion . He issurv ived by his wife

,El izabeth

,the ir two

children,Barbara F. S tern and S tanleyH .

Fe ldberg, vice chairman of the Brande isBoard ofTrus tees

,sixgrandchi ldren and

five great -grandch ildren . Max and S tanleyFeldbergwere the only father and sonteam to be awarded Brande is honorarydegrees .

Romayne Goldberg, a Fe l low and a

former trus tee of Brande is Univers i tyand pres ident of the Brande is Univers i tyNat ionalWomen

’s Corrun ittee, died inMay at the age of 8 1 .

A 1928 graduate ofWelles ley Col lege,she was longac tive in Jew ish affairs . Shewas pres ident of the Bos ton chapter ofHadassah from 1948 to 195 1 , pres identof the New England region ofHadassahfrom 1957 to 1959 and a national boardmember ofHadassah from 1948 to 1959 .

She also served as pres ident of thewomen

’s div is ion of the CombinedJewish Phi lan thropies ofGreater BOStonand v ice pres ident of the Bos ton chapterof the American Jewish Comm i t tee .

Rosenquis t began his art careersupport inghimse lf as a bi l lboard pain ter;today his usual canvases are S t illenormous

,typ ically 6 by 10 feet .

Rosenquis t cul ls images of everyday lifeand combin es them in a dis locatedarrangement . He has had dozens ofretrospec tive shows, and his canvaseshave hungin the RoseArtMuseum at

Brandeis,theWhi tneyMuseum

,the

Nat ionalMuseum ofAmerican Art at theSmi thsonian and at theMe tropol i tanMuseum . A pair ofhismurals decoratethewal ls of the Capi tal in Tallahassee andcorporate headquarters throughout thecountry sport hi s canvases on the ir wal ls .F—1 1 1

,10 feet high by 86 fee twide, brough t

at Sotheby’s in 1988 .

Felice Har low,nat ional chairman of

fun draising, says that theNWC isinteres ted in art and plans to developa syl labus on contemporary art and a lis tof ar tis ts available for lecturingby the fal lof 1988?

She leaves two sons, Ezra andEdward Goldberg, two daugh ters,Martha Schim bergand Emi ly S tein er,13 grandchi ldren and threegreat~grandchildren

Samuel Rapaporte, Ir., a Brande isUnivers i ty Fe llow

,who es tablished the

Rapaporte Treasure Hal l, the l ibrary’srepos i tory for rare books

,incunabula and

other li terary treasures,died inMay at the

age of 86 .

A successful jewe lrymanufacturer,

Rapaporte was a phi lan thropis t atBrande is and at Brown Univers ity

,where

the Rieka Rapaporte Hi lle l House isloca ted . He was an ardent supporter of theState of Israel and in 1 974 he es tablishedthe Samue l Rapaporte ScholarshipProgram at theWeizmann Inst i tute ofSc ience there .

He leaves his wife,Rieka

,a daugh ter,

Renee Burrows,a s is ter

,two brothers,

three grandchi ldren and three greatgran dchi ldren .

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Howmuch can archaeologists learn about a huge ancientcity when they have almost no inscriptions or otherhistorical records to rely on ? How can one givemeaning tothe ancient buildings and the remnants of objects placed intombs or buried as offerings or discarded as garbage? Howcan one move from the hardware

,so to Speak

,to the living

,

thinking and feeling people of ancient civilizations ?Whatcan one really understan d of their society and cultureand the play of aspirations, incentives, values, confli ctsand religious bel iefs that shaped events in the oncethr iving city ?

I suspect that many non-archaeologists hold one of twoextreme views about these problems . One i s that they areinsoluble

,and archaeologi sts will never contributemuch

to comprehending the great issues of humankind . The

other extreme is to believe thatwe have mysterious,

almost magical ways to extractmeanings from inertobjects of stone

,bone and clay.

The truth,not surprisingly, lies somewhere in

between,and is more complicated . It i s not easy to give

meaning to ancient relics,but archaeologists

,especially

within the past 30 years and especially those trained asanthrOpologists, have gone far beyondwhat used to bethought possible .We sti ll have a longway to go, butarchaeology is changing rapidly as new techniques andnew ideas are tes ted

,argued about and evaluated .

The work at Teotihuacan,Mexico

,offers many instances

of the problems faced by archaeologists as they labor tolink us to our past . Teotihuacan (pronounced Tay-oh-tee

wa-CAHN ) is about an hour ’s drive from downtownMexico City. Often it is simply called ”

The Pyramidsbecause its most spectacular features are two greatpyramids, known today as the Sun and theMoon . Theycan be seen, looming like hi ll s, formany miles across theflat and sparsely vegetated floor of the Valley ofMexico .

The Sun,the larger of the two

,covers about the same area

as the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt,although it i s

only half as high . A great straight avenue, the so-calledStreet of the Dead

,

”about 1 50 feet wide

,run smore than a

mi le and a half south from theMoon Pyramid,past the

Sun, to a 40-acre enclosure called the Ciudadela (or

citadel ), and continues for another two miles . TheCiudadela con tains what were probably royal palaces andthe Temple ofQuetzalcoatl— a pyram id whose sides werecovered with hundreds ofmulti-ton stone carvings offeathered serpents and other deities . The whole stretch ofthe avenue between theMoon Pyramid and the Ciudadelais lined with scores of lesser pyramidgroups and residencesof high-status people . Some of these structures still haveremains ofwal l pain t ings in many colors

,mostly showing

supernatural beings and humans in religious ceremonies .

Teotihuacan i s one of the maj or tourist attractions oftheMexico City area. Guided tours ”do”Teotihuacan ina half-day, whisking visitors through souvenir Shops, pastthe carvings of the Quetzalcoatl temple and up the Streetof the Dead . The more enterprising can test their nerve andstamina by climbing the stairs of the Sun Pyramid (nosmall feat in the thin air

,ami le and a half above sea level )

and chance getting caught by a thunder shower. Perhapsthere wil l be ameal in a local restaurant before it ’s time tomove on to other things . Guide s often say, incorrectly, thatthe ruin s pertain to the Aztecs

,the relativelywell -known

indigenous civil ization almost destroyed by Spanishinvaders in the 1 5003 . Only occasionally do theyemphasize that Teotihuacan fell by the 7005 andwas already amatter of shadowy legend andmythto the Aztecs .

Because of theway most vi sitors are exposed toTeotihuacan

,i t is natural for them to think that

archaeologi sts have nearly completed theirwork there .

Nothing could be further from the truth,even though

there have been intermittent excavations for more than a

century,mostly sponsored by theMexican government

and by North American in stitutions,plus an importan t

Swedish project in the 19308 . For one thing, the ancientremains extend far beyond the area protected by theMexican government as an archaeological zone .

Even within this zone,the maj or ity of ruins are still

unexcavated andmanifest themselves in the form of lowmounds

,unremarkable to the un trained eye. However

,

they speak eloquently to archaeologist s .We recognize thatthe topography is not natural ; potsherds, bits of chippedstone and other ar tifacts are abundant and readily spotted ;and sometimes we detect traces of masonrywalls andfloors poking above the surface . The mapping project inwhich I have participated s ince the early 19603 revealedthat the ancient city covered about eight squaremiles .More than large, multi-fami ly st ructures are known ,

and at its peak,around AD . 600

,the city housed well over

inhabitants . To put the significance of its size intoglobal perspective

,we should remember that at that time

the only other cities that large anywhere in the worldweresome half-dozen located around theMediterranean and in

East Asia .

Fur thermore,much is s till to be done even in the parts

of the ci tymost visible to tourist s . Teotihuacan was acity of great importance for about 800 years, from the firstcentury B C . to the eighth century AD . Dur ing thattime

,S tructures were often rebuilt and later buildings were

cons tructed over the remnant s of earlier ones, resulting inir regular layers

,wi th the remain s of earlier periods below

those from later times .When archaeologist s dig atTeotihuacan (as at archaeological sites throughout theworld ), they usually find that the lates t remains have beenseverely damaged by the effects of erosion,

weathering andmore recent human activities (most of Teotihuacan wasunder cultivation un til well into the 20th century andpar ts of i t still are ). A common practice is to excavateuntil relatively wel l-preserved remains are found

,then

consolidate these,cautiously restoring some parts when

there is enough evidence to infer their ancient form . Thismakes sense, but it means that the remains from S tillearlier periods are largely hi dden and lit tle known

,sealed

by wel l-preserved later structures . Obviously,one should

not seriously damage the later st ructures, but much moreneeds to be done by mean s of tunnels and inconspicuoussmall pits and trenches to probe earlier layers .What wenow know of the center ofTeotihuacan comes mostly fromlate stages in the hi stories of the buildings that are visible .

In fact, then,only a tiny fraction of Teot ihuacan has been

excavated . I once amused myself by trying to calculateroughly how much it would cost to excavate the entire city,analyze the data that would result and properly publish itall. It turned out that it would cost about a billion dollars .Is that a large sum or a small sum ? It depends on one ’sframe of reference . It is what theUni ted States spends in a

day or so for mi litary purposes and a t iny fraction ofwhatwe spend formedical care or cigarettes or illegal drugs .Thus

,it would be quite possible to excavatemost of

Teotihuacan if that task were ever to rank very highamong national priorities . The reality

,however

,i s that

in the Uni ted S tates,archaeological projects sponsored

by universities or museums are rarely able to obtainmuch more than to per year for theiroperations

,and to raise even that much requires good

contacts with private donors or intense competition fora limited number of gran ts from theNational ScienceFoundation (NSF), the National Endowment for theHumanities and some private foundations . In some yearstheMexican government has put farmore than this intowork at Teot ihuacan

,but there have been long in tervals

between such large-scale projects . At current rates itwould takemany centur ies to excavate ”

everything”as suming that in the meantimemost of the ruin s were notdestroyed by new housing and other developments . Thediscrepancies between the sheer scale of Teotihuacan

,

the cos ts of scientific excavation and the fractions of grossdomestic product allocated to archaeology help to explainwhy so litt le of Teotihuacan has been excavated .

Of course,it would be foolish to try to excavate everything,

even ifwe had themoney. Excavation is intr ins icallydest ructive and our knowledge ofwhat is significan t andour techniques for detecting evidence are constan tlyimproving . For these reasons archaeologi s ts feel stronglythat not even small sites should be excavated entirely

,

unles s they are threatened with destruction . A substantialportion should be left for future researchers

,whowill have

more sensitive techn iques at their disposal andnew ideasabout what is importan t to ask of the data. Another reasonfor not try ing to excavate everything in a S ite as large asTeotihuacan i s that a point of dimini shing returns wouldeventually be reached

,where additional excavations would

“tell us very lit tle thatwe didn’t already know.

However,these even if” considerations are not very

relevan t,because without a drastic in crease in funding it

will be a long time beforewe reach a poin t of diminishingreturn s .What we now know of Teot ihuacan i s only a tinysample of what there is to be learned . It i s as if a futurearchaeologist were to try to draw awell-rounded pictureof Boston from excavations at the Prudential Center

,the

S tate House and the BunkerHillMonument,with only a

few smal l pits in other localities . We have learned a greatdeal about some aspects ofTeotihuacan

,but it i s often

difficult to extrapolate from what we know to the cityas awhole .

Compounding these difficulties, the inhabitants ofTeotihuacan seem to have had li ttle in terest in writing .

Until very recently itwas even debatable whether theyhad anything at all that could be calledwriting in thestrict sense . Itmay seem incredible that a city of morethan could have gotten along without the writtenword

, especially sin ce evidence from outside the citysuggests that the area under direct political control fromTeotihuacan was at least as large as the state ofNewHampshire

,with perhaps a halfmillion inhabitants .

Moreover,Teotihuacan had strong influences and trading

relat ions over a farwider area, including most of centraland southernMexico

,and extending to the very different

Maya culture of Yucatan andnorthern Guatemala, morethan 700 miles away.

In fact,the Inca empire of Peru shows that a complex

society can get along with astoni shingly little in thewayof wri ting . We know farmore about the Incas than aboutthe people of Teotihuacan ,

because their societywas stillvigorous when the Spani sh arr ived in the 15005 . Itwas verymuch larger than the Teotihuacan state . It stretched forthousands of miles

,from Ecuador to northern Chile

,and

i t governed severalmillion people . Never theless, the Incasused nothing more than a complex system of knottedcords

,plus human speech andmemory

,to handle all the

complex accounting and bureaucrat ic needs of the empire,and to transmi t and store vital information . Furthermore,theAztecs

,whose culture in some respects derived from

that of Teotihuacan,ruled over a larger area andmany

more people than Teotihuacan did, butwith only'

a rathersimple system of hieroglyphi c writing .

Thus,the people of Teotihuacan could have gotten along

wi th no more than some simple methods of keepingaccounts

,without anything that wewould cal l proper

wr it ing at all. Never theless, Teot ihuacanwas in contactwith ClassicMaya civi lization of northern Guatemala

,

which had a highly developed system of hieroglyphicwrit ing

,sufficiently r ich in phonetic element s to enable

them to write anything they could say (and farmoredeveloped

,to our way of thinking, than thewriting of the

later Aztecs ). Closer to Teotihuacan , Zapotec civilizationin the highlands of the S tate of Oaxaca al so had a fairly we lldeveloped writing system .Why, then,

the apparent lack ofwritin g at Teotihuacan ?

An aerialphoto ofTeotihuacan showingtheMoon Pyramid (foreground) and the SunPyramid (left) . The m ’

de avenue down the cen

ter is the S treet of the Dead.

An example ofmurals found at Teotihuacan .

An aerialphoto lookingup the S treet of theDeadwith the Sun Py ramid to the. right andtheMoon Pvramid in the background.

Teotihuacan is not unusual in this regard illegaltrafficking in an tiqui ties is a severe problem inmost of theworld . At least

,however

,it is now clear that Teotihuacan

society had amoderatelywell-developed system ofhieroglyphic wri ting

,perhaps comparable to that used by

the Aztecs in the 1 5003 . This recent discovery,incidentally

,

is an example of the kinds of surprises thatwe continual lyencounter at Teotihuacan .

Actually,many of themost profound students of

Teotihuacan civil ization,such as anthropologi st Clara

Millon and archaeologist RenéMillon (retired from the

University of Rochester ), have been convinced for yearsthat the people ofTeotihuacan did posses s a system of

writing . However,un til recently the evidencewas very

sparse . Fuller information has only been discovered in thepast few years, in the form of glyphs in fragments ofwallpain tings illegally excavated

,smuggled out ofMexico and

acquired bymuseums and private collectors in theUnitedS tates and other coun tries . Only the most Sharp -eyeddetective work has enabled scholars to track down many ofthese fragments

,link up part s of once-related paintings in

collections thousan ds ofmiles apart,and determine the

general area of the city fromwhich they came . In a sensethe illegal excavation and theft of these pain tings hasaccelerated” research on Teotihuacan

,since it brought

them to our attention earlier than would otherwise havebeen the case . But the murals

,having survived more than

ami llennium in the ground,were in no danger from any

source but looting,and it would have been far better if

they could have been excavated carefully andwith properrecords of their places in the structureswhosewall s theyadorned . The tragic fact is that many fragments weredes troyed or lost

,and formany others we can onlymake

educated gues ses about their original relation to oneanother.We will probably never know for sure just howallwere originally ar ranged . S ince manywere parts ofin tegrated sequences

,our ability to interpret themwith

assurance has been significan tly dimini shed .

In the 1 5003 the people of centralMexico made paper fromthe tough parchment -like layer that can be peeled from the

large leaves of the century plant,a type of cactus that they

have cultivated for thousands of years . They used the paperfor lengthy manuscripts that were folded like computerpaper ( rather than bound like books ), so-cal led ”codices .”Very few of these codices have survived the ravages of time

and in tentional destruction by the Spanish,who as sociated

themanuscripts with heathen religions theywere anxiousto stamp out . The people ofTeotihuacan may verywellhave also used codices formuch of their writing . If so

,they

have long since peri shed,although

,ifwe are very lucky

,we

might someday find a few surviving fragments . However,even though we now have clear evidence for some writingat Teotihuacan

,the populationmust have had little

interest in using it for any kin d ofpermanent inscriptions,

s incewe find so little of it on s tonemonument s,wall

pain tings or decorated pottery.

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Full analysis of our field notes and thematerial s collectedhas been a slower proce s s . It i s still proceeding

,supported

mainly by a series ofNSF grants, toMi llon,myself and

others,with additional funding from the National

Endowment for theHumani ties,the Social Sciences and

Humani ties Research Council of Canada and smalleramounts from theWenner-Gren Foundation forAnthropological Research, the American Council ofLearned Societies and several other institutions and privatedonors . Archaeologis ts have spent years in painstakings tudy and clas sification of thematerials collected . Myearlier backgroruidhad been in physics andmath and thisproved helpful when in the 19603 i t seemed that computerand statisticalmethods would help us to handle theresulting mas ses of information and al so enable us tomake interpretations that would not otherwise have beenpossible . Accordingly, student assistants and I have enteredthe results of many of the archaeological s tudies of ourcollections in to computer files . These files are fairly large,but their s tructure i s simple

,and I havemostly used

Fortran programs written by myself and Brandeiss tudents and stati s tical systems such as SAS and 5

,

used by social scientists .

One use of these files is simply for datamanagement .More ambitiously

,we have used them for S tati stical

studies of associations between different types ofpotteryand other kinds of ar tifacts in different regions of the cityor collected from different types of structures, such astemples

,or residential structures of varying degrees of

architectural qual ity.We are in terested in learning moreabout whi ch types of objects tended to be used together inthe same places

,in identifying places that special ized in

manufacture of pottery or various kinds of stone tools,and in character izing the typical furnishings of templesand of residences occupied by people ofhigh or low statusand var ious occupations .We are also us ing computers toproducemaps showingwhere specific types of thingswere found in exceptionally large quantities or inunusual proportions relative to other things .

A closeup of the Sun Py ramid.

I have been par ticularly concernedwith these stati s ticaland spatial s tudies . Brandei s an thropology graduatestudentsM ichael Ester (Ph .D . JeffreyAlt schul(Ph .D . Rebecca Sload (Ph .D .

’

82 ) andM iriam Chernoff(Ph .D .

’

88 ) have par ticipated in this work . Other Brandei san thropology graduate students have addressed a var iety ofproblems by use of theMapping Project collections

,aswell

as mater ials from excavations . Darlena Blucher (Ph .D .

’7 1 )

excavated a si te somewhat outside Teotihuacan itself tolearn more about the period leading up to it s spectaculardevelopment

,EmilyMcClungde Tapia (Ph .D .

’

79 ) hasstudied evidence of the grains and other plant materialsused as food ; andMaryHopkin s (doctoral candidate ) i sstudying the techniques and quality control used inmanufacturing different kinds ofutilitar ian pottery.Much still remains to be learned from our collections .

SinceMexican law prohibit s removal ofarchaeologicalmater ial fromMexico

,we kept it in rented facilities

in the modern town of San Juan Teotihuacan,near the

archaeological zone . However,thi s becamemore and

more of a problem,as collections overflowed space and our

landlord res is tedmaking repai rs and became increasinglyeager to get us out so that he could rent the Space to thebetter paying businesses, boutiques and uni sex beautysalons that were springing up in the neighborhood . Final ly

,

in 1985 Susan Evans ( research as sociate, DepartmentofAn thropology

,Penn sylvania State Universi ty ) and

I obtained funds from NSF to build a permanentarchaeological research center at Teotihuacan . The new

center was completed in 1987 . It provides facilities forpreservat ion and s tudy of the collections made by theMapping Project and by other projects carried out in or

near Teotihuacan in recent years by archaeologi sts fromPenn State, the University of Iowa and the University ofWestern Ontario . It also offers housing for researcherswho s tudy these materials and provides a base fornewarchaeological field projects .Whi le fur ther studies ofthe materials already collected are importan t, the stage i snow set fornew excavations

,carefully designed to address

questions raised by studies of theMapping Project data.

I plan to begin such an excavation thi s summer.

To answer the i s sue I posed at the beginning of thearticle given that the city has been in ruins for morethan a thousand years and that writ ing is so sparse —howmuch can we ever hope to learn of thi s society ? Arewelimi ted to appreciating Teotihuacan art

, tabulating endlessdetai l s of architecture and ar tifacts and speculat ing aboutwhat it allmean s ? During the past 20 or 30 years manyanthropological archaeologist s have believed that it i spossible to do farmore than thi s . Admi ttedly, the task isdifficult . It requires making themost effective use of thefinest techniques for excavating and analyzing materials,bringing to bear themost powerful developments in socialtheory and greatly improving ( through studies of livingsocieties ) our comprehension of the connections betweenwhat people do and the kinds of remain s that they leavebehin d . At Teotihuacan ,

in particular, itmeans makingjoint use of computer studies and other analyses of oursurface survey data, data from excavations, the rich bodyof art and religious symbolism provided bywal l pain tings,sculpture and decorated cerami cs, and cautious use ofwhatwe know of the Aztecs for h int s that can help usto unders tand their predeces sors . Some of these lines ofevidence tell us more about economic andmaterial aspectsof the society, whi le others tel l us more about religion andpolitical ideology. Our best understandings will surelycome from in tegrated knowledge of both thematerial andthe ideational aspects of Teotihuacan society.

Why is it wor th trying to fathom Teotihuacan ? Partly justbecause i t i s there

,too obstinately large to be ignored or

dismi ssed . Partly because i t i s a part of the hi story of theNewWorld

,especially ofMexico, but to some degree of all

of us,and it i s important to unders tand the past correctly.

Above all, because understandingTeotihuacan betterwilltell us more about human possibilities and, ultimately,help us to know ourselves better. I

The Department of AnthrOpology : Uni ty of Four Subfields

The Department ofAnthropology derives its strengthnot only from such esteemed facultymembers asGeorge Cowgi ll, but al so from the unity of its fourmaj or subfi elds : sociocultural anthropology, linguistican thropology

,physical an thropology and archaeology. Of

these subdisciplines,sociocultural anthropology— the

study of how human groups organ ize their societies andconstitute their cultural traditions— forms the backboneand focus of the anthropology cur riculum .

Explains depar tment chairwoman Judith Irvine, therelationship among the subfi elds and the explicit focus onsociocultural anthropology is unique to Brandei s . ”Whi lemany institutions acknowledge the unity of the di scipline,in practice anthropology often becomes fragmented . A

subfield such as archaeologymight becomemore allied toart history or to technology studies than to socioculturalanthropology. But at Bran deis

,we see a common link

between the study of society and culture andwhateverother subfields we work in — whether it be the analysi s ofhuman origins and physical development or the study ofthe divers ity of human languages an d their social uses .

The aim of the archaeologi sts in the department,continues Irvine

,i s the recovery and scientific analysis

of material evidence remaining from past human life andcultures . Our archaeologi st s are true anthropologi st s whodon ’t simply View ar tifacts as objects

,but rather s tudy how

these artifacts were created and utilized by people, andwhat that can tell us about societies and cultures ofthe past”

One of the techn iques that i s especial ly impor tan t toanthropological archaeology is statistical analysis . Cowgi llhas pioneered some of these techniques and is prominentin the field . Explains Irvine

,

”statistical methods arenecessary when interpreting a large quant ity ofmater ialdata and te sting hypothe ses about what those datamightreveal”Computer analysis has become increasinglyimportant for Brandeis archaeologist s, who use both themainf rame computer in Feldberg and personal computersfor their statistical research .

For anthropology concentrators focusing on archaeologyor physical an thropology

,there are also laboratories

located on campus,aswell as collections of skeletal

material s and artifact s . Equipment is avai lable forwe ighing, measuring

,drawing, and photographing objects

as wel l as reconstructing them ; for example, pot teryfragments can be pieced together into a complete ves sel .

Concludes Irvine,Students who opt to concentrate in

an thropology at Bran dei s and specialize in any one ofthe four subd i sc iplines are guaranteed a comprehensivecurriculum taught by leading exper t s in the field .

Mark Guerin , M .F.A .

’

88 , winner ofthe 1 987Mimi S teinbergAward forPlaywriting, presented by Brandeis ,

has had two ofhis plays . Str ings andLong Distance, produced in Brandeis '

Merrick Theater. In addition to

completing the two-

year graduateplaywritingprogram , he spen t anadditional year as artist-in -residence,

dramaturge and third-

yeargraduateplaywright in the Brandeis theaterdepartmen t . He has a BA . and an

M.A. in English from Northern IllinoisUniversity. Prior to attendingBrandeis.

he worked for six years as a writer andeditor with businessmagazines andpublic relations agencies . He alsoserved as a board and staffmemberof the Chicago Dramatists Workshopfrom 1 982 to 1 985 .

byMark Guer in,M .F.A .

’

88

Through the thinly-veiled characterofYoun g George, Sondheim is clearlyvi sible

,express ing his di s satisfaction

with how economi cs increas inglyinfluences ar tists today, especiallythose in the theater world .

Although Sondheim ’s particularmessage conveys how fund-rai s ing canpoison the life andwork of artist s , italso pertains to the theater. Economi cconsiderations determine what kin dsof plays reach the s tage, how they aredeveloped and produced

,andmore

importan tly,why so few plays are

outright successes any more .

Practically speaking,the playwright

can do hi swork with nomore than atypewriter

,office supplies

,copying

and postage costs . Like old Seuratthen

,couldn ’t the playwright isolate

himself from theworrie s of theworld,

crawl in to hi s nice,warm imagination

and simply wri te?

Towhatever extent we playwrightsdwell on the bus ines s of gett ing a playstaged

,it is not what we think about

when we actually sit down to write .

Whenwe are writing,it i s the play

,

itself,that consumes us . However

,the

busines s i ssues can plague us everyotherwaking hourwhen we are notactually creating .

From the first act to the second,

Stephen Sondheim ’s Sunday In theParkWith George jumps forwardchronologically about a hundredyears .Wi th th i s leap, from the

late 19th century to the present,Sondheim suggest s how the creationof art in the course of the centuryhas become a pri soner of economics .While George Seurat, the famous19th-century French painter depictedin the first half of the musical, i sshown to be aman whose onlyconcern is his art, his fictionalgrandson,

an arti s t living in thepresent in Act 2

,di scovers that

obtaining money tomake hisexpensive brand of laser art requireshim to expendmore t ime onmarketin g hi s art, and cur rying favorwith patrons

,than on creat ing it .

A play is not like a pain ting,or for that

matter,a poem

,a short story ornovel .

A play,once written

,must be staged

,

otherwise it ’s simply an abstraction,

like a symphony that ’s neverperformed by an orchestra.Writinga good play and getting the pieceproduced are entirely differentaccompli shments

,demanding often

confli cting talents,tearing ar ti s t s in

two as they play both writer andbusin es sman .

For ins tance,playwrigh ts working

today unders tand that they improvetheir chances of seeing their playsproduced if

,as they write

,they al so

anticipate costs of production,by

keeping cast s and set s to amin imum .

I have written several three-and fourcharacter

,single-set plays

,two of

which are staged in relatively emptyspaces . The setting for Strings, whichappeared in theMerrick Theater atBrandeis last year

,is a field ofmud

forMovingExpenses it is a vacan t,unfurni shed apar tment . Prefer ringSpare settings and small casts anyway

,

I’m fortunate in that my plays can beproduced relat ively inexpens ively.

Were I to wr ite a 1 5 -character play setin 1 2 gari shly furni shed rooms of theForbidden City in turn-of-the-centuryPeking

,however

,chances are it would

never get staged, nomatter how goodit might be .

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Whi le potentially useful forgenerating feedback

,a readingmay be

more importan t as a first step towarda production . By presenting a play toan audience

,the playwright en j oys an

opportunity to audition the piece atlittle cost to himself.

However,even a positive response to a

reading won’t guarantee a production .

Many theaters that promote readingsare acutely aware of the ri sk ofactually producing new and unprovenplays —no matter howwell a readinggoe s— andmany produce only oneworld premiere”per season,

if at all.

That mean s that competition for thefew available premiere slots i s verykeen indeed . Some new playwr ightscanget productions in theaters thatdo nothing but produce new playsand cooperate with new playwrights,but by accepting the ri sk that othertheaters won ’t

,these theaters al so

suffer the consequences . Few are

prosperous enough to afford the kindof funding

,talent and publicity to

compete against productions by themore cautious but more amplyfunded theaters .

Mark Guerin (left ) behind these successes are peoplewhoworks with a studen t are not only talented in writing plays

,

on the set

An othermore tradi tional channeltoward production is throughcontests

,ofwhich there are hundreds

,

offer ing prize money and productionsat big and smal l theaters . For the ruralplaywr ight wi th little access to thetheater communi ty

,sending plays to

contest s may be the only availableroute toward production . For anyplaywrigh t, contest s are attractive,because a first production,

especiallyas par t of a contest

,can be a door

opener,inviting interes t from agents

and producers,and qualifying the

playwr ight for profes sional statusand profe s sional grant s . However,competition in play contest s i s fierce .

Themost respected and rewardingcontest s receive thousands ofmanuscr ipts

,andmany fine

,

producible plays neverma ke

it to the final s .

Unquestionably, the odds are againstthe success ofnew playwrights . Iftheir plays do make it to the regionaltheaters or off-Broadway

,they arrive

only after a long,arduous j ourney

through incrementally larger theatersand cities

,fueled by rave reviews and

contest prizes,grant money and

finally commercial investment . And

but as tute in busines s .

It’

s estimated that only one percentof all playwr ights actuallymaketheir livelihood from writing plays .The remaining 99 percent aremoreapt to look like Sondheim ’s YoungGeorge : the playwright, Spread thinputting out feelers for readingsand productions

,studying and

volun teering orworking low-paying,

part-time jobs at theaters andnecessarilyworking better paying,nontheater j obs to pay the rent . And,oh yes, writ ing .

In fact,the shrewdest playwrights

think les s in terms of developing playsthan of developing themselves asplaywrigh ts . Perhaps the cleverestmove playwrights make in the currentclimate i s to rai se their profiles in thetheater communi ty— forging contactswith theaters through readings

,

workshops and productionsvolun teer ing

,working

,teaching or

taking classes at theaters . The worldof the theater is actually a smal lcosmos in which people with talent

,

affability,patience and endurance can

make useful connections .Conn ections are essential forplaywrights as much as for anyoneelse in the theater because drama i sa collaborative art

,requiring the

contributions of any number of peopleto create any one production . It i sessential for playwrights to interes tpeople in their vision— ideally

,to

stimulate potential producers tocollaborate early enough in theprocess of developing a play sothat everyone s tar ts with the same

outlook . Mos t established playwrightshave their collaborators with themfrom the beginning

,offer ing feedback

every step of theway, but thesewriters are among the minority.

With all the economic forces of theindustry conspi ring to make time

forwrit ing so precious, it ’s awonderplaywrights have any time to ponderwhat they are writing, how to saysomething new and how to reachan audience increasingly preoccupiedby other forms of entertainment .Becausewe can ’t concentrate solelyon our craft, fewer serious, importantplays are reaching the s tagethese days .

Meanwhile, other forms ofentertainment are in creasinglydrawing people away from the

theater. There’s no doubt that movies,

videos and cable TV are shr inkingthe theater ’s market : they areconsiderably less costly thanattending the theater. But what ’s notso clear is how these high tech formsof entertainment influence people ’stastes and powers of perception .

B randeis Theater Takes Center Stage

Theater is about energy,

” claimsMichaelMur ray

,director of Brandei s’

graduate theater ar ts program and

former artistic director and founderof Boston ’s Charles Playhouse .

We ’re now looking to the regionaland college theaters for excitingwork because Broadway is no longera source of good theater. It ’s tooexpens ive and ’

safef Murray, whowasmost recently producing director ofthe Cincinn ati Playhouse in the Park

,

sees great excitement and verve comefrom ”

workingwith young actors,

writers and designers toward newconcepts in theaterf’

Consist ing of a t rain ing progamwi th t ies to the professional theatricalworld, the theater depar tment atBrandei s i s ranked among the fin estin the country by it s peers . OfferingaMaster of FineAr ts degree in eitheracting, des ign or playwriting, thegraduate program is selective andhighly competi tive

,admitting only

10 to 1 5 studen t s per year in eachdivi sion . In order to advance in the

program, students must un dergoannual evaluations of the previousyear ’s work .

I believe that not only are TV and

movies changing the way theater i swatched but also theway it i s created.

According to one recent statisticalfin din g

,people work an average

of seven hours more a week nowthan 10 years ago . For relaxation

,

consumers wan t not only morestimulat ingTV shows andmovies tofill the ever-shr inking hours they allotto entertainment

,but also drama that

st imulates more efficiently,providing

bigger bang for the buck . Sin ceTVandmovies seem to answer thesedemands

,theater is taking its cue

from the mass media.

Theater ’s best efforts these daysto satisfy thi s new entertainmentconsumer are the musicalSpectacles Cats , LesMiserables,Phantom of the Opera becausethey seek to dazzle all the senses inways movies andTV can ’t . Lovers ofold—fashioned musicals complain thatno one ’s ever left a theater humming

MichaelMurray

The emphasi s i s on helping studentshone the skills that wil l enable themto embark on profess ional careers .We are educat ing people les s to beteachers than to be designers

,

performers andwriters,

”Mur rayexplains

,emphasizing the

depar tment ’s practical approach .

the scenery; lovers of character anddrama would do better to stay homeand read the books .

In truth,i tmay be that the demands

for visual stimulus pressed by the newconsumer are giving encouragementto theater ’s most unlikely mainstreamsuccess story— experimental theater.A production I attended of RobertWilson ’

sAlces tis at the AmericanReper tory Theater in Cambridge,Massachusetts

,was a representative

example of thi s successful brand oftheater

,in which actors acted like

robots,spoke li ttle thatwas

conversationally coherent,andwere

less important for their humanitythan they were for serving as foils forthe fabulous lighting effects and cleverRube Goldberg-type contraptions inthe set . The music

,often minimalist,

didn ’t really accompany the words butcompeted with them

,as it drifted out

as kin d of an atonal coun terpoint usedto commun i cate mood more than

Like the acting component of theM .F.A . program

,the design program

entails a three-year cour se of studyinvolving specific skill s and concretecreative challenges . All desigi areas oftheater— lights

,sets and costumes

are explored under professionalsupervi sion . Last yearHollywoodcostume designer Ruth Morley taughtgraduate design courses in lieu offacultymember Patricia Z ipprodt, anoted de signer in her own right whowas on sabbat ical . Morley has createdcostumes for such films as Tootsie andAnnie Hall, as well as the Broadwayproductions ofDeath ofa Salesman

andDeath trap .

The acting program consis t s ofthree years of study and productionexperience . The objective of theactor training program i s to developversat ile and flexible actors witha craf t that wil l support them in a

var iety of roles and styles . In the firsttwo years

,thi s goal is encouraged

through improvi sation,movement

exercises,scene study, voice and

diction le s sons,followed by a third

year of in tense work in clas sicalreper tory and contemporarymodes .

meaning .While this was certainly aninteresting production

,full of vi sceral

and sensual stimuli,it held out lit tle

hope for even the most innovative ofplaywrights the script wasmerely apoint of departure for the director tocreate his own private vis ion . Thistype of production i s the creation ofa

director/playwright whose art i s firstforged not on the page but on thestage

,not through the actor but

through the image .

The economics of the entertainmentworld make it increasingly difficultfor the playwrigh t ’s voice to be heardon the stage . The desires of thesenew enter tainment consumersthe voracious hunger they have forstimulus

,presented efficiently - the

entertainment industry perpetuatesand fosters . This factor

,combined

with the financial constraint s onproducing plays

,makes it increasingly

difficult for playwrigh t s to survive, letalonemake a living .

The two-year program in playwritingconsi s ts ofprepared readings anddetai led critiques of students’ scriptsat various stages . When a script hasbeen writ ten to the point whereit should be exposed to a largeraudience

,it i s then given a full

production . Approximately 25 playscreated by students are staged or readannually for the Brandeis communi ty.

During the first semester of 1987 — 88 ,two plays by graduate playwri tingstudents were given ful l stagedreadings at Brandeis . In add i tion

,two

plays were selected to be mountedas productions . Sunday on the Rocksby Brandei s alumna Theresa Rebeckwas produced in November 1987 .

Graduate playwright Paul Sedgwick ’splay

,Dum my, based on a short story

by Raymond Carver,was produced

in the spring . In the 1987— 88 season,

productions of TheMarriage ofBetteand Boo by Chris topher Durang, TheRivals by Richard Brinsley Sher idan,Summer and Smoke by Tennes seeWilliams, and The Threepen nyOpera by Bertolt Brecht were stagedin the SpingoldTheater. Puli tzerPr ize-winning playwr igh t BethHenley ’s play

,TheMiss Firecracker

Formyself,and formost playwrights

I know,these difficulties are not

deter rents to the practice of our craft .Viewed from a busines s perspective

,

playwrights are a foolhardy lot,

willing to put out an incredibleamoun t of effort for little

,if

any, return .

Explaining whywe write playsdespite the hardships of the profes sioni s not easy. Inh erent in the motivationof any playwright must be the beliefin the play

,that everythingwe do

themarketing of ourselves and ourplays— i s in the service of the play

,or

of the ideal play that we hope to write .

I know formyself that what I findmost stimulating in life is being inthe presence of t ruth

,and that occurs

when I ’m in the presence ofpeoplebeing themselves with one anotheras they ”

let me in on” their beliefs

Contest also enjoyed a succes sful runin the SpingoldTheater Arts Center ’sLaurie Theater. The comedy followsthe trials of six characters in a smal lM is si ssippi town on the eve of atawdry Fourth of Iuly beauty contestand fireworks display. Wel l receivedby the Brandei s communi ty, the piececast a number ofundergraduates inleading roles .

Among artists—in—residence dur ingthe 1987— 88 seasonwas DavidWheeler.Wheeler, who directed TheMarriage ofBette and Boo, also hasdirected profes sionally at Tr ini tyReper tory Company in Providence,the American Reper tory Theaterin Cambridge and the Guthr ieTheater in Min neapolis among others .Fight Master Drew Pracher, one of thenine fight masters in the UnitedStates, taught s tage combat tograduate acting students during hisguest res idence at Brandeis .

Many of the staff in the depar tmentare prominent in the professionaltheater. Karl Eigsti, head of the designdivis ion

,has created se ts forBroadway

and television . Wi ll iam Anderson,the

lighting designer, has worked on morethan 30 off and off-off—Broadwayproductions and Patricia Z ipprodt,one of the foremost designers in the

and values . In the theater,wemay be

exposed to all sorts ofpeople behavingtruthfully— peoplewewouldn ’t trustenough in real life to get to know,peoplewe know toowel l in real lifeto ri sk responding truthfully to . In

the theater,we have nothing to lose

by hearing them out and lettingourselves be moved by what they aregoing through

,gaining in the process

an unders tanding and empathynothing el se can provide .

Of course,these are the kinds of ideals

most ar ti st s seek to evoke,including

those trying to rai se the standardsofTV andmovies

,aswell as those

working in all the fine arts andperformance arts . But theater

,when

it i s about people andwhen it i sintimate and direct

,may have the best

chance ofmeet ing these ideal s . Andthat kind of theater s tarts with theplay and the playwright .

country,created the costumes for

such classics as Cabaret , Fiddler onthe Roofand Pippi n. TedKazanoff,master teacher of acting, appearsregularly in roles at maj or regionaltheaters such as Harvard ’s A .R .T.

Given this range of experience andexpertise

,it is not surpris ing that

theater at Brandeis is undergoing aresurgence . The SpingoldTheatercurrently boast s seasonsubscribers for student productions,a highly respectable figure in lightof the proliferation of first-ratetheater in the Boston area .

M ichael Murray points out thedistinct virtues of theater at Brandei s ,saying that ”the Spingold i s a theaterfor the students and bv the student s .We ’re here to encourage our youngartist s and craftspeople, and directthem toward the profes sional world,which is going through some changeand ferment now. Our young peoplecarry their own special energy andfreshnes s wherever they go : they arethe real theater. Once they enter theworld of professional theater, they ’regoing to Start stirr ing things up ontheir own . I

’m looking forward to it .

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'

IWo African women . leaders in theircommunity. as they strive to improveagriculture andmake a better life fortheir families .

of theworld ’s food production . In the face of thesestupendous strides

,anyone still adher ing to the grim

Malthusian forecast that population growth will outstripour ability to feed ourselves, wi ll find it hard to sustainthis fading argument .

Hunger and s tarvation today, claims Professor RuthMorgenthau

,i s man -made . A political scientist with an

abidin g in terest in ThirdWorld countries,she began to

focus on world hunger in the 19705 and believes that theorganization she cofounded in 1980, CILGA (the Frenchacronym for Food Corps Programs In ternational ), hasdevised some key strategies to figh t rural hungereffectively in developing countries . Incorporated fi rs t intheNetherlands and now regi stered in theUni ted Statesas a private volun teer organization

, CILCA helps themostdeprived farmers of the world

,thosewhom national and

international schemes have not reached .

WhenMorgenthau speaks about hunger,she cannot

be dismi s sed as a remote academicianwho sit s in an

archive and createsmodel s and theories . ”I’

ve never beencomfortable with the tendency of social scientis ts toretreat into ivory towers : I am an advocate for the idea thatlearning and living go hand in hand and that the academyis part of

,not separate from our exi stence,” asserts the

energetic and persuasive profes sor.

But asMorgenthau and other experts have noted theconditions that cause hunger vary with the countryandwhile the plight of the hungry, say in Africa, asin the United States has to dowith entitlement andexclusion

,the ThirdWorld countries present amore

complex picture par tly because they bear the burdenofa colonial history.

For an example,on the other hand

,of howman has

remedied hunger problems caused by natural calamities,one can look to India. An area prone to drought, thesubcontinent once suffered from periods ofwide-spreadstarvation . This past winter it pas sed through one ofit s worst rainles s periods in a decade

, yet by drawing

A prominent s tandard bearer in the fight again st hunger,initially as amember of theUS . delegation to the Uni tedNations

,andU S . representative to the Commi ssion for

Social Development ( 1977— 8 1 ) and first president ofCILGA and now amember of its board of directors, shehas been a driving force implementing agricultural projectson three continents— Africa

,Lat in American andAsia.

CILGA enters regions where poverty and human mi seryare rampant

,but we do not gowhere there are civil war s

such as in Ethiopia orwhere the only solution todeprivat ion is amaj or structural land reform . CILCA

’

s

strategy of rural deve lopment requires some degree ofstability and demands access to land and its output .Welook for places where the need i s greatest and al so whereour projects are wanted . We now assist in Tanzania

,

Zimbabwe,Mali

,Peru

,Sri Lanka andMexico and have

one in preparation in Guineaf’

Indeed,choosing the areawhere the projects have a

chance for success is one of the more exacting aspects ofCILCA

'

S strategy. The participants are subsistence farmerswho rai se barely enough to keep their fami lies alive andhave meager or no capital at all. CILCA begin s by joiningnational leaders in selecting small-scale program s,pinpointing places that include groups ofvillages . Thenwhen improvements take hold, farmers from otherlocations come to the improved villages for training : theybenefit from seeingwith their own eyes the methods usedby the succes sful villagers . As CILGA learns from the

experiences in regional programs it cooperates withnational leaders to refine themethods and to implementthem on the national level .

To help Am er icans unders tand how hunger is man-made,

Morgenthau draws thi s analogy : ”the plight of the hungryin Africa is akin to that of the hungry and homeles s inAm erica . Our les s fortunate huddle on grates over steampipes

,outside wel l-s tocked supermarket s and restauran ts

where for a price —which they cannot pay— all theirneeds could easily bemet . The supply is adequate, butthe laws of enti tlement exclude them . These laws

-of

entitlement are man -made and not the result ofnaturaldisaster

,and therefore in our life-time hunger i s

man -made?

on it s food surplus andworking through a relativelywell -managed system for feeding the stricken,

it hasweathered the crisis ratherwell . A decade or so ago,under simi lar circumstances, millions would havestarved . In thi s age of the Green Revolution,

countries likeIndia

,historically vict ims of frequent farnines

,even export

food . Yet many Indian s are hungry because they cannotafford to eat .

Morgenthau claim s that hundreds of thousands of peopleare better off as a result ofCILCA’

s programs , which arebased on helping people learn to solve their own problems .Of the avai lable resources for the programs

,three-quar ters

are raised at the local level . CILGA acts as a catalyst foraction and as a coordinator.Amaj ority of its board ofdi rectors are practicing development leaders from the

ThirdWorld,whomMorgenthau calls

,

”an elite of practice .

By thi s she mean s theymay ormay not be the products ofaWestern education or of their own coun tries' graduateschools, but they are allpracticed in the ways of ruraldevelopment and constitute a richmix of ski ll s .Knowledge is not born in the university

,

”Morgenthaustates emphatically, ”

but germinates in human experience .

What di st ingui shes CILCA i s the bottom-up approach itemploys , using decentralized systems and low costmethods that begin on the vil lage level and byworkingthrough human institutions closes t to village affairs .CILCA offers a direct contrast to the top-downmethod

,

a favorite of the large official organizations such as theUni tedNation ’s FoodAidOrganization (FAO ), whichworks through national govemment official s and tendstoward technocratic solutions . ”

The people know bestwhat they need andwhat they can do

,

” insi sts Morgenthau.

The farmers contribute by donat ing their resources andlabor ; national authorities allocate support CILGAcontr ibutes it s experienced practitioners and some funds .

The ultimate top -down help is food aid,which is extended

in the form of surplus grain from donor countries to fillemergency needs to starving coun tries . ”

But food aid i s notthe answer toworld hunger because it deal s onlywith theneeds of themoment . People must be able regularly toproduce enough food for themselves or to earnmoney to

buy food,

”she argues . ”

Thi s becam e my guiding principleas I studied the problem when Iwas at theUnitedNationsand helped lay the groundwork for CILGA .

With a deep commi tment to reduce hunger, shemanaged tosecure a president ial appoin tment from President JimmyCar ter on theUni tedNation ’s Commission for SocialDevelopment in 1977, and thus moved in one step fromthe classroom to theworld arena. Her associations atthe Uni tedNations with poli t ical leaders aswell asagricultural scientist s, economi sts and social scient is tswere agreat help in unders tan ding the proces s of increasedworld food production . Because of her academicbackground centering on the ThirdWorld,Morgenthaurecognized quickly that since the Green Revolution, foodscarcity did not exist on a global level . But the ubiquitousand devastat ing local scarcities proclaimed to anyonewho cared to probe a severe problem of di stribution and

local production .

Two dynamic rural development programs— one in Sri

Lanka and the other inMexico— caught her attentionwhen she began in the early months of herU.N .

assignment under the ambassadorship ofAndrew Youngto conceive an innovative approach toward ruraldevelopment . The philosophy andwork of these programswere to lie at the heart of CILCA '

s evolution .

The Sarvodaya ShramadanaMovement,the largest

nongovernm ental organization in Sri Lanka, took shapein 1958 when a compassionate young Buddhi st scienceteacher led agroup of student s into a low-caste village tolabor alongside villagers to build latrines and digwell s .The experiment was so succes sful that projects with thatexample as an in spiration have grown into a vast villageuplift movement benefiting villages

,more than one

in 10,throughout the countr y. The prin cipal organizing

mechanism is the Shramadana work camp, modeled on theprototyp e erected during that first effort by the sciencestudents . Using the camp as a base on a selected villagesite

,the local v illagers

,children

,clerks from the cities,

peasants from other areas of the coun try and laborers fromthe tea plantat ions work together on roads, sewers andreservoirs and other infrastructure . In the process ofcarrying out vi llage public works and agricultural projects,the SarvodayaMovement often includes the installation of

appropriate technology such asmethane generators toconver t human wastes into cooking gas, windm illsadapted by Dutch volun teers to suit the needs and ski ll sof the Sri Lankans andmore modes t yet importanttechniques such as plan ting palm and fruit trees in earthenpots to hold the dampness around the roots as protectionagain st the dry season .

But the true mean ing of the Shramadana (whichmeansgift of labor ) camps is not only the practical results ,according to the movement ’s leader andmember ofthe board of directors of CILCA,

A .T. Ariyaratne, butthe people’s spiritual development that goes alongwithmaterial improvement— what he calls ”the building ofa healthy society”After three centuries of colonialdomination the Sri Lankans

,as they gain control over their

own lives,form village councils and farmers’ groups who

addres s such needs as preschool andnutrition programsand other social services .

The other inspiration for CILGA, and now one of itsmainstays

,is Plan Puebla

,Operated by the G raduate

College at Chapingo,Mexico . In 1967, plann ers from

the college began observin g agr icultural problems in thePueblaValley southeast ofMexico City. There farmersti lling uni r rigated soil producedmain ly maize . As expertsbegan over a seven-year period to work with farmers ontheir own fields

, gadually yields trebled in thi s valley ofhectaresworked by farm families . Methods

from the Puebla valleywere adapted to other regionsinMexico and participating farmers freed from the

constrain ts of subsistence living began tomake progress inthe general quality of life . Leobardo Iirninez-Sanchez, al soa founding member of CILCA,

now president and directorgeneral of the G raduate College

,assert s, ”We have learned

from the farmers themselves how to assi st them in theirwork .

”In consultation with the farmers

,the Plan makes

available suitable technologies, encourages farm creditschemes

,crop insurance and other ins titutions that keep

farmers from living on the brink of disaster.

What material ized from theMexican project has beenan ar ray of technologies for design ing and testing strategiesfor increased food production . The scientific evaluationsystem that Plan Puebla has gathered in the course ofprogram implementation and the Plan ’s experti se in the

formation of training teams to operate similar programsin other areas

,hasmade theMexican prototype an

indispensible resource from which CILCA can draw.

We next began to hammer out our prin ciples that differeddrastical ly from those of the larger organizations under theauspices of the Uni ted Nations , whi ch had proved to betoo expens ive and bureaucratic .We understood that wecouldn ’t change an entrenched bureaucracy but we couldwork along side it

,looking to it for logi stics and guidance

says Morgenthau . To drive her point home,Morgenthau

gives thi s statis tic .

”Tomaintain only oneUN .

international expert costs at least peryear.Wewere looking forways to serve the poor across countrieslikeMal i andTanzania, each ofwhich hasmore than

villages . Fielding enough in ternational expertswould be impossible, costingmillions of dollar s in salar iesalone”In fact she claims that some foreign expertsare present in Af rica absorbing $5 billion that is labelleddevelopmental expenditures” but goes in to non-Africanhands . She complain s that existing practices at the t ime

and still today do not bridge the gap between officialsin the provincial cit ies and smaller farmers in thecountryside .

”Somehow techni cal services stop short

of the vi llages,

”she asserts .

With the pr inciples articulated, CILCA began theproject in Toko

,Mal i in 1982 , Mbozi, Tanzan ia in 1982,

Katibougou,Mali in 1983 Wedza, Zimbabwe in 1983 ;

Hambantota,Sri Lanka in 1983 and Plan Puno, Peru in

1985 . In order to ini tiate the projects, first Morgenthauand other members ofCILCA had to gain cooperation and

approval from the people who governed these states — the

One of the most significan t features to is sue from the Sri

Lankan andMexican experiments is what rural developerscall South-to-South cooperation . Sri Lankan andMexicanagricultural methods in the last few year s have beenadapted to situations inMali

,Tanzania and Zimbabwe

through the liaison ofCILCA . Farmers and ruraldevelopment practitioners frommanyAfrican and LatinAmerican coun tries have j ourneyed across continent s toMexico and Sri Lanka for training to learn first-hand howto improve their lives .

The formation ofCILCA it selfwas a fascinat ing exerciseinmultinational cooperation . From 1979— 1980 in an effortto form the new in ternational organization

,Morgenthau

brought together rural developers from Sri Lanka andMexico to talk with representatives from Asia, LatinAmerica andAfrica to exp lore the bottom-up approachthat the nascent CILGAwas proposing . Financial aid camefrom many corners of the globe— the Rockefeller and FordFoundations

,Canada

,Netherlands

,UN . Development

Program ,Appropriate Technology International, American

JewishWorld Service, and others .

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[ effCohen is a 1 964graduate ofBrandeis (cum laude with honors inhistory) . He earned amaster ’s degreein history from Tufts University whileworking for the Boston Celtics i npublic relations. Duringhis 16 -

year

careermath the Celtics he became

vice president and assistant generalmanager before takingovermanagemen t of the Kansas CityKings of theNational BasketballAssociation . After two years hereturned to Boston as vice presidentof the Boston Breakers of the Uni tedStates Football League . loiningtheBrandeis development office in 1 983,

he becam e director ofathletics ,

recreation and intramural sportsin January 1 986 .

by Ieffrey Cohen ’

64

A few years ago when Bob Ryan,

sports writer for the Boston Globe,was searching for a punchy leadparagraph for an article about sports atBrandei s

,he composed the following :

The nickname i s the t ip-off. BrandeisUniversi ty ’s athletic team s aren ’tknown as the Lion s , Pan thers ,Blue Devil s , Eagles, Aardvarks orSaber-Toothed -Tigers . Not withoutreason are they known as the judges .

To pres s home his poin t, Ryancontinued by saying that the namewould be appropriate ”

even if theschool weren ’t named for legendarySupreme Court justice LouisBrandei s . ForBrandei s i s very mucha scholar ’s school, a true tower oflearning andwisdom . There are noshortcuts to a Brandei s diploma

,no

graduates who maj ored in TheoryofDi sco”

The evolution of varsity sports atBrandei s tell s as much about thegeneral spirit of the t imes as aboutthe developing ethos of the fledglinguni versity as it has tried to find theproper balance between athle tics andacademics . At fir st it was decidedthat theUniversity

,grabbing the

compet itive edge, would build anational reputation in sports . Thi s

But whi le theUniversity isacademical ly intense

,athletics,

he elaborated, are defin itely achal lenging par t of campuslife . It takes a huge measure ofself-discipline, des ire anddetermination

,butmany students

manage to spli t their time

successfully between the libraryand the playing field .

At Brandei s,s tudent-athletes make up

10 percent of the total undergraduatepopulation and approximately 300students compete in 2 1 intercollegiatesports on the varsity and junior varsitylevel s . Rather than choose betweenstudy and Sport s they ’ve acceptedthe challenge of doing both . The

Univers ity views athlet ics as aneducational experience and the sportsprogram encourages athletes to striveforphysical excellence grace underpressure . The role ofathletics in a

liberal art s university is to enhancethe students ’ educat ion,

not to

distract from it . Succes s comes fromthe hardwork of a disciplined regimenof classes, athletic practices, part-time

j obs and studying . Our entrance intothe University Athlet ic Associationin 1987 has given fresh defini tion and

excitement not only to the athleticprogram

, but to student life in generalat Brandei s .

would create the perfect means withwhich to project the name of the newuniversi ty nationwide . Besides, apowerful sports emphasiswas thes tandard operating procedure for allred-bloodedAmerican institutionsin the immediate pos t-war era.

Throughout the 19505 the footballschedule evolved in a haphazardmanner— the first football gamewaswi th Harvard

,but the team traveled as

far asMichigan,to playWayne State,

and toMiami , Florida . Closer to homethey challenged and beat teams thattoday are members of theNCAADivision I— Boston College, BostonUniversi ty

,universities of Rhode

Island,Massachusetts andBuffalo

to name a few. For basketball,

they j ourneyed to Duquesne inPennsylvania, andDetroit, as well asalong the nor theast corridor. But thegreat sensation came when the Judgestrekked toMadison Square Garden toplayNYU,

which at that tim ewas

ranked number one nationallyandwon"

In the early 19605 , af ter the heydays ofthe first decade, therewas a pause toreevaluate the nature of competitionin light of the University ’s greaterscheme . By coincidence, a ser ies ofdeaths and sicknesses struck someof the key coaches and administratorsin the sports program which checkedthemomentum

,but in reali ty the

impetus behind the aggressive sportsprogram had s lowed because theUniversi ty was busy redefining itsemphasis . The 1 5 -year-old school hadachieved nat ional prominence in the

gate-drawing sports . Butwas that theemphasis the University sought ?Wasthe proper balance struck ?

As Bran deis fell into a competitivelull, a fresh breeze reinvigorated thecollegiate Sports world when in the

late 1960s the NCAA institutedits present divisional structure andtheUniversi ty j oinedDivi sion HI

,

basically defined as that group ofschools that do not award athleticscholarships .

Rebuilding and solid growth followeduntil by themid-19705 theUniversi tywas achieving some remarkableathletic successes . These included theNCAA Divi sion 111 National SoccerChampionship in 1976, a secondin the all-divi sion NCAAWomen ’

s

National Fencing Championships in1972, runner-up in the Division IIIBaseballWorld Series in 1977, the1983 NCAA Division IIINationalCross-Country Championship (aftertop three finishes four times in theprevious 10 years ) andmore .

S till, Brandeis was generally restrictedto New England compet ition with nochance to show its expanding alurrmiand fr iends throughout the nationhow successful the program hadbecome . Therewas a defini te needto bring to the competition a hi gherlevel of excitement by extendingits geographical compass . Brandei ssought ameans to extend its athleticinvolvement in the early 19805 at atime when national debate surfacedover where competitive sportswere ranging .

While many insti tutions throughoutthe nation tend to subvert the veryessence of clean andwholesome

educational competition,other

schools are determinedly buildingprograms to igni te the imaginationof players and spectators in keepingwith the mission of the university. Asthey watch the spread of the var iousailments that afflict in tercollegiateathleti cs— the exploitation of studentathletes for athletic and financialpurposes with lit tle or no regard fortheir academic progress, illegal andimmoral recrui ting inducements , andthe mandating of academically flimsyprograms of study specially designedfor athletes in the form of mythicalcourse s andmythical tran scriptsmany D ivision 111 NCAA membersand others have devised strategies tokeep their programs un corrupted .

Happily, in 1983 two concernedun iversi ty president s

,Denni s O ’

Brien

of theUniversi ty of Rochester andWilliam Dan for th

,chancellor of the

WashingtonUniversity in St . Loui shappened to confront the issuesof emphasi s and balan ce duringa bus ride that took them past theenormous indoor football practice

facility at theUniversi ty ofMinn esota. They began to di scussan in triguing concept : an associationof academically simi lar universitiesto compete in athletics .Whetheritwas the thought of how great anexpenditure theMinnesota facili tyrepresented or the emphasi s onathlet ics that it represented, theirdiscussion moved in a very differentdirection from theMinnesotamodel .

During the summer of 1985 , Dr.

O’Brien invi ted the chief executiveofficers of several maj orDivision 111research universities located inmetropolitan areas in the eastern halfof theUni ted States to ameeting onthe University of Rochester campusin October to exp lore the possibilitiesof an athletic association . The groupincluded presidents

,Chancellors

,

vice presidents,deans

,faculty and

admini strators . Many schools founda common ground and furtherexplorations were conducted thefollowing February atWashingtonUniversi ty in St . Louis . The St . Louismeet ing produced the fir st draft of aconsti tution and by-laws for anewas sociation . In June of 1986 the formalannouncement of the format ion of theUniversi ty Athletic Association (UAA )was made at simultaneous pressconferences inNewYork and onseveral of the campuses .

The original group includedtheUniversity of Rochester

,

WashingtonUniversi ty in St . Louis,

Emory University in Atlanta,

Carnegie-MellonUniversi ty inPittsburgh, CaseWestern ReserveUniversi ty in Clevelan d

,NewYork

Universi ty,the University of Chi cago

and John s Hopkin s University inBaltimore

,allhighly selective,

private research institutions .

Dean of S tudent Affairs Rod Craftsand I attended the first officialmeeting of theUAA delegates inSeptember of 1986 in Chicago tomake the case that Brandeis Shouldbe the New England representative inthe association . InMay of 1987 whenBrandeis j oined theUAA as it s ninthmember

,it marked the start of a

chal lenging era for theUniversity ’sathletic orientation

,andunderscored

Brandei s’ foremost commitment toacademics . By giving us a chance

to compete against schools in thisgrouping on anational basis,membership in theUAA is perhapsthemost importan t event that hashappened in the hi story of sportsat Brandeis .

President Evelyn E . Handler,whowas

bent on finding the proper emphasisfor sports when she becam e presidentin 1983, found the phi losophy oftheUAA completely to her liking .

Competitive sports should playan importan t role at institutions ofhigher education,

but the role shouldbe supportive of the academic missionand the intellectual development ofthe student

,

”she stated . Handler feels

that the formation of the new leaguewas a ”direct response frominstitutions such as ours to thewell-publicized distor tion of prioritiesthat has developed in some collegeathletic programs in recent years”

The presidents of the other memberinstitutions found theUAA solvedan array of problems for them and

added a salubrious stimulus . Jam esT. Laney, Emory ’s president, quotedin a recent issue of the university ’smagazine said that ”a sound programof intercollegiate athleticswas onemechani sm that could push studentsbeyond their own immediate interestsand ambitions”

From its inception,theUAA has

sought to address the fundamentalquestions of the role of in tercollegiateathletics in higher education in the19805 and beyond . To clarify wheretheUAA stands

,the association

issued a statement of its basicph110 50 phy :

”TheUAA in stitutions

believe the time has come to makethe strongest possible statement thatintercollegiate athletics have a properrole in our colleges and universi ties,that this role must subsume theathletic enterprise to the academicmissions of institutions of higherlearning and that standards of moraland ethi cal behavior in the conductof in tercollegiate athletics mustbe unequivocally articulated andfollowed . TheUAA in stitutions arewilling to act in concert to affirmthese beliefs .

TheUAA philosophy goes on toassert that the schools involved arecommi tted to raising the quali ty ofundergraduate life on their campusesto a level comparable to the academicexperiences available to theirstudents . In addition

,UAA members

share the belief that academicexcellence and athletic excellence arenot mutually exclusive and that theacademic ente rprise is the primaryelement in a university education .

Th erefore student athletes are justthat— students fir st and athletessecond . In practice thi smeans thatthese in s titutions will admit athletesunder the same criteria applied to allapplicants and that institutionalpolicies regarding financial aid

,

academic progress and S tudentservices for athletes will be thesame for all students in accordancewith the rules of theNCAA ’

S

Divi sion III to which allUAA schoolsbelong . TheUAA believes thatathletic excellence is not to be

1 5 9 ?

confused wi th awin-at-all-cos tsmentality

,but properly relates

to the caliber of experience offeredto students who part icipate inintercollegiate athletics . Athleticsare not seen as primarilyincome-producing or as publicentertainments . They areextracur ricular activi ties conductedfor students and should be givenconsideration simi lar to otherinsti tutional ly sponsored activities .In sum

,athletic activi ties should

complement the academic experience,reflecting the quali ty of the academicenvironment of their insti tutions .

To achieve these goals, athletic teamsshould have the benefit of qual ifiedcoaching— capable in dividualschosen for professional competenceand commitment to putt ing thewelfare of the student first . Studentsshould play and practice in first-ratefacilities at reasonable times and theirequipment should be safe, of highquality and conducive to the bestperformance possible . A consi s tentand challenging level of athleticcompet ition should be providedfor bothmen andwomen .

The formation of theUAA drewapplause from many quarters . In theNew YorkDailyNews, Howard Cosellwrote : ”In the cor rupt

,scandal-filled

world of big time college sports, theUAA stands out as a conferencedetermined to put college sports inproper perspective . theUAA i s oneof the first real glirnmers of hope toemerge in thework of education and

sports in many decades . Cosell

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by Julian Brown

Brandeis athletes tend to be all-roundpeople . If they are active on the playingfield

,they are probably engaged in a

number of other pastimes . Many ofthem are top ranking students . TheUniversity encourages athletes toconsider athletics as part of theiroverall education

,to place varsity and

competitive sports in balance withother activi ties . Towin i s important

,

but to live life fully is the overal l goal .

If you think this balancing featwould produce a lackluster sportsrecord

,a look at the status of thi s

year ’s men’

s baseball andwomen 'ssoftball team s will convin ce youotherwise .

0 Themen ’s baseball team

registered 25 win s and 13 losses andwon the ECACDivision III BaseballChampionship. (The team has madetheNCAA tournament four times inthe last six years . Two players fromlast year are now in the Boston RedSox farm system ).

Th e women'

s softball team regi s tered13 wins and 8 losses and competed intheMAIAWTournament .

It is remarkable how much thesescholar athletes pack in to asemester. Julian Brown

, Univer sityphotographer, followed some of themembers on and off the diamond tosee how they occupy themselves .

Mike Elliott ’

89, a righ t-handed pitcher onthe baseball team . was namedmost valuableplayer ofGreater Boston League . In additionto playingon the baseball team, he is studentcoordinator ofwork-study students in theShapiroA thletic Center. He is an economicsmajor.

Karen Pontbriand ’

88 has played three varsitysports— volleyball, basketball and softballand was cap tain of the basketballand softballteams her senior year. She won theMorrisSepinuck Sportsmanship Award, an annual

prize presented to the varsity athlete whomakes a significant contribution to the athleticprogram and campus life. An avid artist , she isactive in the University ’s art program and is

shown here chattingmath thephotographerin her s tudio .

Bob Rikeman'

88, a four-yearmember andcocap tain of the Brandeis baseball team (righ t ) .talks over his academic careerwith WilliamS tott, associate dean of the college and directorofacademi c affairs . A poli ticsmajor, he haswritten a 30-page paper on "America ’

s Failureto Escalate the War in Vietnam ,

"in his

favorite course, National Security. This fall, heentersgraduate school at the University ofMassachusetts Schoolof SportsManagement .

Melissa Hafter ’

89, an English major,

was the top pitcher for the women ’

s softballteam. which competed in theMA IAW(Massachusetts Association of IntercollegiateAthletics forWomen) championships hosted atBrandeis . She works as a studentmanager at

the Stein and supervises the student workersthere . As amember ofS tudent Events . she

carries the responsibilty ofplanningeventssuch as the DanceMarathon and Brons teinWeekend . She

'

s shown here in a relaxedmomen t with the Stein staff.

Phil S tephens ’

89, whomajors in economics .

pitches for the judges and last season won sixgames and lost one, compared to this year 'srecord ofseven wins and three losses . He is

seen here relaxingwith friends in the cafeteria .

With the pressures ofclasses. baseballpracticeand homework

,he considers himselfluckv

when he can find an hour or two to relaxand socialize .

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This is thefirst in a series ofoccasionalarticles by the Brandeis Review staffonfinancing higher education and the

University is strategic planning process.

This fall,on aweekend coin ciding

exactly wi th the dates of thein stallation of Brandeis’ first and fifthpresidents

,the University communi ty

will celebrate its 40th anniversaryAnn iversaries and bir thdays

,generally

,

are times for contemplation .

Universi ties,like people

,are

conscious of growth and change andtake stock of themselves at certainbenchmarks in the maturationprocess . AndBrandeis

,as i t celebrates

its 40-year hi story,will engage in

similar contemplation as a

Universi ty-wide strategic planningcommi ttee prepares for its future .

In thi s self-study and analysis,

Brandeis i s not unique . It willj oin maj or research univers it iesthroughout the nation in confrontingthe need to create new and differentstrategies for the next decade .

As the nat ion approaches the 19903,higher education is, once again,

at

a turning point . Three decades ago,with the ”crisis over the SovietUnion’s launchin g of Sputnik

,

America’s colleges and universitie swere moved into the spotlight as thehero

,the savior that could educate

the exper ts,the peoplewho would

secure the nation ’s place in the raceto space and gain the competitive edgein technology. In the 1950s the focuswas on science and technology andon science educat ion . As a result

,the

educational communi ty became

the beneficiary of amassive in creasein federal support and in publicunderstanding .

Now,when the nation i s perceived

to be caught in another crisis,dubbed

compet itiveness,

” some federalofficials and other national leadersare calling on higher educat ion tobe the savior— again . But

,unlike

30 years ago, the focus now is onthe liberal arts as well as scienceeducation . Educators and businessleaders alike are ackn owledging theimportance of basic skill s in reading

,

wri ting andmastering a secondlanguage . Science education i s seen as

a component of liberal education,not

apar t from it . The old concept of aliberally educated person is in vogueonce again .

Busines s leaders are recruiting seniorswho have a liberal ar t s education and

then providin g the specific trainingnecessary for their immediate tasks .The leaders’ rationale : a liberallyeducated person knows how to adaptto change

,knows how to frame

questions,not just to solve them

,

knows how to an ticipate the impactof an action

,not just to de scribe that

action . The technical ski l ls acquiredin the pursuit ofan M .B .A . will notprepare people to move effectivelyin an in ternat ional economy wherean unders tanding of languages

,

cultures,li terature and governm ents

i s mandatory.

At the same time that the nat ion ’sleaders seem to be re-di scoveringthe value of a l iberal ar ts education

,

the nation is becoming ever moredependent upon science educationand universi ty research activities .

About half ofall basic research intheUni ted States is performed onuniversi ty campuses . Basic researchconducted by universi ty scholars i sthe foundation of the applied researchand product development taking placein the nat ion ’s manufacturing andhealth-care industries .

Brandei s,because of its original

goals and i ts traditional s trengths,is exceptionally well positionedto respond to the nation ’s futureeducational needs . The curriculumwhether the ”

gen ed”of the early

years or today ’s new requirementsin non-Western studies andnewopportuni ties for minors— has

always emphas ized the liberal arts .New programs in in ternationalfinance and in ternational s tudiesprepare Brandeis graduates for anincreasingly international society.

A traditional strength in the sciencesal so posi tions theUniversi ty well toserve the nati on and to benefit cur rentand future students . The plans forthe science center in clude newrelationships among scienti st s andnew opportunities to train tomorrow’sfaculty— scholars who will be ableto move eas ily between chemi stryand biology

,biology and neuroscience,

computer science and psychology.While the technically train edcomputer programmers from othereducational program s will find theirskills more outmoded with eachfuture generation of computers,

And even wi thin the researchcommuni ty

,the needs will be

different in the 19903 from the 19503 .

Severalmonth s ago The Chronicle ofHigher Education reported on thegrowmgdiscussion among scientiststhat the tradi tional fields have becometoo specialized to investigate thebroadmysteries of how theworldworks . And

,while the relationship

between scientific advances andphilosophical questions has beenexamined by such people as Plato

,

daVinci,Newton

,Darwin and

Einstein,the ethi cal considerations

of research into the human genome,

the abili ty to tran splant brain tissues,and the practice of surrogatemotherhood br ing fresh importanceto teaching science in the contextof the liberal ar ts .

Annual BudgetExpenditure Categories

Annual BudgetSources of Income

Brandeis computer science graduateswill be developing the nextgenerations of computer languagesand parallel proces s ing computers .Brandeis physics engineer inggraduates will unders tand not justengineering technology, but theprinciples of physics that un derlietomorrow’s high tech developments .And the science cour ses available tothe student s notmaj oring in sciencewill prepare Bran dei s student s to becitizens able to comprehend theirchangingworld and the ethicaldilemmas that will be created bytomorrow's technological advances .

salaries benefits

financial aid

billed chargesto students

miscellaneous

Although Brandei s i s philosophicallyand educationally equipped tomeetthe nat ion ’s needs

,i t is peculiarly

affected by fluctuations in support .Founded less than a decade beforeSputnik and taking advan tage of the

recogni tion . The foundation builtdur ing the early years allows theBrandeis communi ty now to liveandwork on a beautiful campuswi th all the accoutrement s of late20th -century techn ology : computernetworks

,phasemi croscopes

,

computer-based library catalogs,audio and video cables link ing allthe buildin gs, and i ts owntelephone system .

But the financial resources supportingthe Brandeis reputation and succes seshave always been thin . Because of theUniversi ty ’s youth there has not beentime to build an endowment in themanner of older insti tutions . Sinceit is a private institution

,there is no

steady source of funds from the stategovernment . Thus

,theUniversi ty is

even more dependent on studentcharges andmore reliant on gifts ofcash for curren t operations than are

many of the nation 's institutions .

However,Bran deis shareswith

those institutions external factorsthat affect growth . As the budgetwas developed for next year, severalexternal factors influenced thedecision making :

nation ’s attention to higher education Federal and state SOUI CGS Of financialin the late 19503 and early 1960s,Brandeis rose quickly to a nationalreputation for scholar ship andresearch . The facultywere— and stillare— in cluded in the highest echelonof honorary societies and national

aid have not in creased at the same rateas tuition in creases or as inflation .

Recent studies show that the valueof federal gran ts going to full-t ime

studen ts across the nation hasdeclin ed by 1 4 percent in constant1982 dollars . For Brandei s, the ratiobetween government sources forfinancial aid andUnivers ity sources

Throughout the nation,the rate of

tuition in creases at the ”high costschools has been declining since 198 1 .

The Brandeis Board of Trustees hasindicated that the downward trendmust be maintained if theUniversityis to continue to compete effectivelyfor the best students . Next year ’s feesfor tui tion

,a standard room contract

and a Z I -weekly meal plan will bean increase of percent

over this year ’s fees . That figurecont inues the Brandei s trend, whichhas seen the percent of increase dropfrom percen t in fiscal year ’

83 topercent in fiscal year ’

88 . Increasesat comparable schools appear to beranging from 6 to 9 percent .

has completely reversed s ince 1982(see chart ). And beginning last year,Brandeismust now draw from generalfunds to cont inue theUniversity ’scommi tment to support a diversestudent population . In contrast

,in the

past the financial aidnecessary tomeet the needs of almost half of theBrandeis students has come solelyfrom endowed and restrictedscholarship funds .

Federal tax policies threatencharitable giving patterns of donors .Brandeis donors were generous thisyear andgiving totals are higher thanprevious years . However

,many other

schools have exper ienced changes ingiving pattern s and theUniversitymust be alert to the potential impactof these laws on annual income .

In addition,internal policies and

practices created a parallel set ofconstraints for the annual budget :

Brandeis faculty must be rewardedfor the quality of their teaching andscholarly accomplishments . To catchup for past years of double-digi tinflation and single-digit rates ofsalary increase

,the University has

made a commi tment to the facultythat salaries will increase at rates atleast comparable to inflation . Similarincreases are needed for staff salaries ifBrandeis is to continue to competewith the Route 128 compan ies andother Boston area firms .

Because of theUniversity ’s shorthistory

,the endowment i s not yet

large enough to support the extensiveactivities of amaj or

,national

un iversi ty. The Brandeis endowmentof $ 130million is expected to supportan annual budget of more than $ 100million older inst itutions of similarscope have endowment s three t imesthat size— ormore . One of the goalsof the $200million,

five-yearCampaign for Brandeis is to ”growthe endowment

,

” to in crease theendowment by at leas t $80 millionwith gifts to support the ongoingfunctions of the Universi ty.

Over the last five years the numberof full-t ime and part-time faculty hasincreased percent

,the number of

teaching assistants has in creased 33percent

,but the student population

has increased only percent .

Brandeis,founded 40 years ago with

a burst of energy,proceeded to grow

dynamically for many years,enhanced

by the post-Sputnik spotlight onhigher education . Then

,in the 19703

and early 19808 , the Universityindeed much of higher educationhit a plateau

,constrained by high

inflation in the general economy,

changing demographics in the studentpopulation and escalating costs forbuilding renovations

,high technology

research ins truments,books and

scholarly journals .

In the early 19803, therewas concernthat Brandeis had been on a plateaufor a number of years and that itwastime for a change

,time to return to

its former traditional,dynamic mode .

When the Board of Trustees appoin tedEvelyn Handler as Brandeis’ fifth

president in 1983,therewas talk

about growth,about new program s,

about gett ing the institution on the

move again .

But also,five years later, external

factors are changing again . The

environment for financing researchimiversities and the nationalexpectations of higher education inthe 19908 dictate amoderation and a

wisemanagement of Brandei s’ futuregrowth . Th e national trend lines ofdecreasing federal support, escalatingexpenses and steady-state enrollmentssuggest the need for Brandei s to shapeit s forwardmovement more preciselyand to develop some guidelinesto inform the tough financialdecis ions ahead .

Brandeismust stabilize its use ofendowment for annual budgetpurposes . The Board of Trustees hasmandated a schedule of reductions inthe rate of endowment ut ilization inorder to reach a rate that will allowthe institution to return some of theearnings to the endowment to ensuregrowth . O ther comparableinsti tutions use endowment income

and capital gains at rates varying from4 to 6 percent any other interest orgain s are reinvested . Brandeis has beenusing in terest and gain s at rates of 10and 1 1 percent

,with little left for

reinvestment .

Even though the Campaign forBrandeis is meeting its targets, cashgif ts for cur rent operat ing purposeshave not increased at the same rateas the in creases in the annual budget .The million in commi tmentsannounced as ofApril 30 are primar ilyin the form ofgifts to the endowment,gifts for restricted purposes oragreements for multip le-year paymentsand bequests . But Brandeis isdependent each year upon in creasingamounts of unrestricted cash gifts foruse in that year.

Now,five years later

,the University is

on the move,as characterized by new

academic program s, new buildingsfor student life

,new equipment and

renovations for research . Brandeisfaculty continue to earn nationalreputations : Stephan Berko

,William

R . Kenan, Jr. Professor of Physics, has

jus t become the eighth member ofthe faculty elected to theNationalAcademy of Sciences . Demonstratinga growing popular itywith high schoolstudents

,applications have increased

each year for the last six years andthis year the acceptance rate droppedbelow 60 percent for the first time inseven years . The five-year Campaignfor Brandeis is more than half-way toits goal af ter only one and a half years .TheUniversitywas invi ted in 1985to j oin the Association ofAmericanUniversities

,a 56-member

organization of the nation’s leadingresearch universities

,and in 1987

theUniversity Athletic As sociation,

a nine-member,national league

that shares the belief in the balancebetween academics and athletics . Andthis yearnat ionally acclaimed writersJohn Updike

,GloriaNaylor andToni

Morrison visited the campus andseveral of the candidates for President,alongwith a number of distingui shedscholars

,spoke before various groups

of faculty and students .

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Bookshelf

Faculty

New Forces , Old Forces andthe Future ofWorld Poli tics

Seyom Brown, professorof poli tics

Scot t, Foresman/Lit tle,

Brown College Divi sion

Theworld is turningin toa

”polyarchy,” Brown argues,in which nat ion-states,subnational groups,transnational specialinterests and commun i t iesallvie for the support andloyalty of individuals .Unregulated, the polyarchycould turn in to ful l-blownanarchy

,where coercive

power is virtually the soledeterminant ofwinners andlosers— an ominousprospect asweapons ofmassdes truction becomeuniversally available . A lessdangerous variant ofpolyarchy could evolve

,

featuringaglobal systemofpoli tical and legalaccountabi li ty congruentwi th the expandingmaterialin terdependence ofpeoples .Brown outlines his ownvision of such aglobalaccoun tabili ty system and

offers suggestions for astatecraft that wil l increasethe prospects of i tsevolution .

Robert Penn Warren and

American Idealism

Robert Penn Warren is adistingui shed poet, novelist,cri tic and observer ofAmerican history andpoli tics . In this book, BurtexaminesWarren ’s wri tingsin these apparently disparatefields and shows how theyare related not only bycommon themes but also byan inner logic that capturesthe analogies be tween

artist ic and pol iticalproblems . The authorcritiquesWarren's books,especially commentingonhis fic tion

,in particular

Nigh t Rider, World Enoughand Time andAll the King

’

s

Men, and his poetry,includingThe Ballad ofBillie Pot ts, Audubon and

Brother to Dragons .

Tradi tio: An In troductionto the Latin Language andIts Influence

Patricia Johnston,associate

professor of classical andOriental studies

Macmi llan’

H'aditio provides

college-level studentswi th an in troduct ion toLatin grammar and some

experience tran slat ingLatinauthors . Its exercises andreadingpassages are basedon the themes and in somecases, actualworks of thegreat Latin authors, fromPlautus to Copernicus

,

modified as necessary toconformwi th the grammar

of the C lassical period .Unlike other Latin texts,the readings in Traditioillum inate the culture andtradi tions surroundingtheuse of the language fromRome

’s Republican period tothe Europe of theMiddleAges and Renaissance . The

text provides grammar andvocabulary instruction

,

readingexercises andself-testingsections . Inaddi tion,

a tutorial programkeyed to each chapter hasbeen developed for the IBMPC, providingdril ls andtests ofall conjugat ionsand declensions aswe ll asvocabulary tests .

Jewish Percep tions ofAn tisem i tism

GaryA. Tobin,associate

professor of Jewishcommun i ty research andplanningand director,Cohen Center forModernJewish S tudies, wi th SharonL. Sassler

’84, CMIS research

associate

Plenum Press

Refusenik : Voices ofS truggle and Hope

Albert S . Axelrad,Jewish chaplain

Wyndham Hall Press

Rabbi Axelrad’

s third bookis a day-to-day account ofhis trip to th e USSR inSeptember 1978 . Duringhissix-day visi t, hemet wi thseveral refuseniks whodetailed their efforts toobtain pennission toemigrate . He emotionallydescribes the Soviet Jewishcommuni ty’s struggle tomain tain i ts beliefs andhope in the face of KGBharassment in a textliberally sprink ledwi th anecdotes andHebrew terms .

Alumni

To tal Eclipse

Tony Buchsbaum ’

84

Doubleday

The GroundingofModernFemin ism

Nancy F. Cot t,M .A .

’73,

Ph .D .

’74

Yale Universi ty Press

In thi s study,Cott offers

a new in terpre tation of

femini sm in the Uni tedS tates duringthe earlydecades of this century. Shecontends that the decadesbetween 19 10 and 1930revealed a cris is of transitioninwhich the 19 th-centurywomanmovement”wasleft behind andmodernfeminism inaugurated .Concentratingon feminis tintents and practices fromthe height of the suffragecampaign to the beginningof the Great Depression,

the

book explores the path ofwomen who tried to replacethe abstraction ”woman

This analys is probes thequestion ofhow Jews viewand approach antisemi tismin a predominantlyChristian society

,exploring

such issues as the twinthreats ofan tisemi tismand assim ilation; the dualidentity ofAmerican Jews ;denial

,wariness and fear as

responses to ant isemi tism;

how the Jewish pressinfluences perceptions ;general press coverage ofan tisemi tic trends ; Jewishin sti tutional approaches toan tisemit ism; combat tingantisemi tism; and attemptstomeasure the ”real i ty”ofantisemi tism .

Set against the gaudinessand revelry of approachingMardi Gras in New Orleans,TotalEclipse is the story ofDeed Smi th

,an 1 8-year-old

who finds himself sinkinginto the depths of confusionand despair that haveclaimed 30 many of hiscontemporaries . He is sickof beingcool, sick of thecasual callousness of theworld he inhabits .When hisone real friend accidentallykills himse lf

,the horror of

their aimless lifestyle hi tshome . Obsessed wi th thechildhood loss ofhismother

,unable to talk to

his father, unsatisfied inhis relationship wi th hisgirlfriend, Deed looks foraway out . He tries to ki llhimse lf

,but survives wi th

the help of a unique groupof compassionate people .

His story becomes oneofgradual recovery andeventual triumph .

with ”the human sex.

Women of the 19 103 and

19203 ar ticulatedmanyissues that feminis ts stillstruggle with today. Thishistory builds anecessarybridge be tween thepresuffrage era and today.

WorkingKnowledge :Skill and Communityin a SmallShOp

Douglas Harper, Ph .D .

'

76

Universi ty of Chi cago

WorkingKnowledge— partbiography, part ethnography,part photo essayintroduces the reader toWillie, amechan ic andjack-of-all-trades in upstateNewYorkwho, in addi tion torepairingfairly conventionalautomobile and farmequipment, creates piecesfrom leftover odds andends ofmachines . Harperdocuments, wi th theinclusion of photographsand drawings, whatWilliedoes and how he does i t . Inthe process,Wil lie unfoldsthe de tails of his fixingand buildingaswell ascommunicates his valuesaboutwork and humanpurpose. Harper’s studyof this small shop owneraddresses larger quest ionsabout the historical shiftfrom the work of themedieval artisan to theindustrializedwork ofthe factory and on tocontemporary, oftenautomated production,

givingsubstance toabs tract di scussions aboutalienation,

deskillingandthe rationalizat ion ofworkin modern socie ty.

Subjectivity andRepresentat ion inDescartes : The OriginsofModernity

Dalia Judovitz’

73

Cambridge Universi ty Press

Caringby the Hour :Women , Work andOrganizingat DukeMedical Cen ter

Karen Brodkin Sacks ’63

Universi ty of Illinois Press

and professional work andtheir effects onwhi te andblack women,

placingthemin the context ofnationalchanges in health fundingand po licies .

Beyond Conformi ty orRebellion : Youth andAuthori ty in America

Gary Schwartz,Ph .D .

'

68

Universi ty ofChicago Press

Thismodernistic studyof the philosophi cal andpersonalwri tings ofDescartes examines theorigins of ”subjectivi ty”and

”representation”in

_

hiswork . Judovitz revealshow subjectivi ty andrepresentation,

whichare essential to both thedefini tion and the cri tiquesofmodern ism,

wereoriginally articulated inDescartes’ work, andthrough it affected both thephi losophical and li terarytraditions . She also explainsthe exact meaningof theseterms, their historicalemergence and thephi losophical context inwhich theywere originallydefin ed .

Th is detai led account ofthe h0 3pi tal industry ’snonprofessional supportstaff— their ro les in day-to

day heal th care delivery andtheir fight forun ionizationthroughout the 19703studies the relat ionshipbe tweenwork life andun ionization in DukeMedical Center andhighlightswomen

'sactivism ingeneral andblack women

’s leadershipin particular. In addi tion toanalysis of the dynam ics ofwomen

’s activism,Caring

by the Hour provides acomparative study ofDukeMedical Center’s treatmentof both black andwhitefemale workers . The authoralso discusses recentchanges in service, clerical

In this study ofhighschoo l-aged youth in theearly 19703, the authorexamines the changesin the style of deviancein adolescent culture sincethe 19603 . He argues thatanew type of peer-grouppluralism emerged from the

coun ter-culturemovementof the earlier decade, adeviance defined less bypersistent violations of thelaw than by disengagementfrom tradi tional imagesof success and civicresponsibili ty. Schwartzuses an ethnographic studyof s ix communi t ies in a

midwestern state— rangingfrom a smal l, economicallydepressed coal-miningtownto an affluent suburbancommunity— to examinethe character ofyouthfuldeviance, the nature ofauthori ty and themeaning

of peer group identitiesand s tyles .

have been published in theJournal of the AmericanChemical Society, theJournalofBiologicalChemistry, the JournalofMedicinal Chemis try,Bioorganic Chemistry andthe Journal of PhysicalChemistry.

Peter Conradassoc iate professorof soc io logy, published

”Worksite Health Promotion :The Social Context” andHeal th and Fitness : AParticipan t ’s Perspectivein a special issue of SocialScience andMedicine forwhich hewasguest edi tor.

George L . Cowgi llprofessor of an thropo logy,de livered the annualSpauldingLec ture at theanthropology department,Ari zona S tate Universi ty

,

speakingon ”BayesianApproaches : AWay toReason Be tter about theBear ingofNewData onOld Beliefs"’He is a newlyappointedmember of theAdvisory Board of the newJournal ofQuan ti tativeAn thropology.

Lorraine DastonDibnerAssociate Professorin the History of Science,is a coedi tor ofTheProbablistic RevolutionVol. I : Ideas in History(MIT Press She

chaired the Pfizer PrizeCommi ttee of theHistoryof Science Society andwasa fellow of the Institute forAdvanced S tudy in Berlinfor the 1987—88 year.

IrvingEps teinprofessor of chemistry,

was reappointed to theedi torial board of the Journalof Physical Chemistry.

Hewas named to theorganizingcommi t teeof the InternationalConference on Kinetics ofNonhomogeneous Processesto be held in Banff, Canadain 1989 . Hegave severalinvi ted lectures on thesubject of oscillatingchemical reac tions :at LosAlamos NationalLaboratory

,National

Inst i tutes ofHealth,

Eotvos University inHungary, Insti tute ofChemical Technology in

Czechoslovakia,Universi ty

ofWiirzburgandMax

Planck Insti tute forB iophysical Chemistry

,

both in Germany.

Ruth Gollanlecturerwi th rank of

associate professor ofNearEastern and Judaic studiesand director, Hebrewand Chinese LanguageProgram s, has been invi tedto participate in the 1 988National Conference of theLess Commonly TaughtLanguages (LCTs ), sponsoredby the National ForeignLanguage Center. Its purposeis to promote and improvethe s tudy and teachingofLCTs languages otherthan French

, Spanishand German .

Paul Gootenbergassistan t professor of LatinAmerican His tory

,received

a fellowship from the

American Council ofLearned Societies forhispro ject onTrade Policy andthe S tate in LatinAmerica.

He spoke on Recen tHistoriography of FreeTrade Imperialism at the

Boston Area Consortiumon Latin America.

Christ ine L . Heyrman

associate professor ofhistory, taught a seminarforhigh school teachersat theNationalHuman i tiesCenter. The topic of theseminar was ”

Republics :Ancient andModern”

Ray Jackendoffprofessor of linguistics,spent twoweeks in Juneat Ben-Gurion Universi tyin Beersheva lecturingonlinguistics and cogni t ivescience under the auspicesof that un iversi ty ’s HubertHumphrey Fel lowship.

Anne F. Janowi tzassistant professor ofEngl ish andAmericanliterature andDana FacultyFellow,

has been awardedan AndrewW. MellonFellowship in the

Humani ties at HarvardUnivers i ty for the academicyear 1988—89 to completework on a book manuscript

,

England’

s Ruins: A S tudyin the His tory and Structureof Poetry

Michae l Macyassistan t professor ofsociology, presented aresearch paper, ”C lassesof Posi tions or Classesof People : A Test of theEmpty-P laces Hypothesesat the Eastern SociologicalAssociation (ESA"AnnualConference in Philadelphia.

MicroLab,the Micro

Computer Social ScienceLaboratory developed incon junctionwi th the OfficeforEducat ional Computingat Brandeis

,was featured

at the ESAmeetings andwill also be presentedat the upcomingAmericanSocio logicalAssociationconference .

Daniel le Marx-Scourasassistant professor ofRomance and comparativeli terature, was one of40wri ters and cri tics invitedto participate in an

international colloquiumon

”L i teratures of French

Expression held at YorkUniversi ty in Toronto .

She de livered a paperentit led, ”

Qui parleencore, aujourd ’hui, dela li ttérature francaise ?

Jul io Ortegaprofessor of LatinAmerican and comparat iveliterature, had an articleon 1 7th-century colonialwr itingin Peru translatedinto Russian and publishedby the Soviet Academyof Sciences inMoscow.

Susan L . Shevitzlec turer in Jewisheducation

,has been

appoin ted an adjunctconsultant for the JewishEducation Service ofNorthAmerica

,specializingin

educational administration,

planningand poli tics .

Kurt H. Wol ffprofessor emeri tus of socialrelations

,presented a paper

at aDurkheim conferencein Germany and receivedthe Johann -He inrich-MerckMedal ”forscientific andartist icmerits” in and by hishometown ofDarmstadt .

Donald E .WorsterJackMeyerhoff ProfessorofAmerican EnvironmentalS tudies

,has been elected to

the selective, 250 -memberSociety ofAmericanHistorians, in recogni tionof the scholarly andli terary di stinctionofhis published work .

Harry Zohnprofessor ofGerman

,

tran slated AndreKaminski’scomic novel, Kith and Kin

(Fromm InternationalPublishing, fromGerman into English .

Greggory K . Spencecounsel of the Universi ty,has been appointed vicechair of the L i tigationCommi ttee of the GeneralPractice Section of the

Am erican BarAssociationfor 1 987—88 . His article,Qualified DomesticRelations Orders,”waspublished in TheMassachusetts FamilyLaw Journal.

Wil liam A . JohnsonAlbert V. DanielsenProfessor of Phi losophyand Chr is tian Thought,spent three weeks teachinga course (in English ) tonative Inui ts at the ArthurTurnerTrain ingSchool,Pangnirtung, Baffin Island,Northwest Terri tories inthe high (Canadian) Arctic .

Kevin S . Larsenassistant professor ofSpan ish and comparativeli terature

,presented

two papers : ”GabrielMiro, Lucretius andThermodynamics” atthe Twentieth CenturyL i terature Conference,Universi ty ofLouisvil le,and

”Otro aspecto de la’

inspiracion l ibresca’ de

Azorin : Las cerezas delcemen terio yDona Inésat the Kentucky Fore ignLanguage Conference,University ofKentucky

,

where he also organizedand directed a sectionon

”GabrielMiroand

Comparative L i terature .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

Sheifferuses the diamond as amandala:amandala is a c ircularmedi tat ivedes ign emanat ingfrom a cen ter point

,

characteri zed by a pat terned arrangemen tof shape s placed in consecut ive ordercausingthe eye to move around thesimultaneous pat terning. Mandalas

,

accordingto Dr. Carl Jung, the notedSwiss psychiatrist, express the human

need to search for order,to at tain

harmonious se lf-regulation and to find

the key to themeaningof one’s exis tence .

Us ingthe diamond as amandala offeredamagnifi cen tme taphor formy ownques t for expanded consciousness, innerillumin at ion and creative essence . It

also represen ted a unique Opportuni tyfor takingan inward journey in to myse lf,”s tates Sheiffer.

The diamondmot if grew spon tan eouslyout of some early ske tches and arttherapy exerc ises . As she reflectedon the diamond ’s poss ib lemeaningto

her, she began to dwe ll on i ts aspec tsof prec iousness

,hidden treasure

,

illum in at ion,multifacetedness and

crys tal lizat ion transparency. It alsorepresen ted ”fire and icej’ remindingher ofher own natural alternationsfrom pass ion to col dness . ”

The diamondsymbo ls seemed an inexhaust ible sourceof personal mean ings , amirror ofreflect ion for somuch that was ins ide thatwas s ignaling, demandingto be studiedand let out . It was not to be ignored .

Her own journey in to se lf-awareness andfulfi l lment wen t through var ious s tagesin cludingbe ingrespons ible for one ’sown life, enhanced self-consciousness,the power ofnonverbal commun icat ion,

and then the sharingof these new ins ightswi th others to encourage the ir personalgowth . She fee ls that her s tudies inhumanis t ic psychologywi th AbrahamMas low at Brandeis plan ted the seedforher future un ders tandingof human

potent ial and the ”peak experience”

Says Sheiffer, ”Art has always guided

me, cen teredme . Art comforted ands trengthened me in the loss ofmyhusband and son . On my s tationeryare the wordsArs Gratia Vitae— art for

the sake of l i fe .

She con tinues,Ins haringmy book

wi th s tudents andwi th pat ients,I share

my own journey of self . It givesme

credibili tywi th my cl ients . Sharingthi s discovery ofmyself also al lowsmys tudents to discover h idden resourcesw i thin themselves .”

some lead to regress ion, others to con trol ;some o ffer immediate sat isfact ion

,others

require mul t ip le steps and the rewardof sat isfact ion takes longer to achieve.

The next step she envis ions forher ownart is to exp lore three-dimens ionalwork .

She i s in teres ted in a new device knownas a

”SpectraSphere,

”a pro jection

kale idoscope producingdynam ic andtherapeut icmandala images throughrear screen projec t ion on a 24-inchhemi spherewhile the c lien t s i tscomfortably immersed in color,shape and sound .

The fo l lowingl ines from T. S . E liot ’sL i t t le G idding,”which Sheiffer quotedin her dissertat ion,

seem to captureher feelingfor self-explorat ion and

personal growth :

Done l la Lew is

Whi le a freshman at Brandeis, shemet her

future husband, Jerome Edwin Sheiffer,a

senior. He later at tended Tuf ts MedicalSchoo l and became an emin en tpediatrician ,

professor ofmedicineat UCLAMedical Schoo l and chairman

Of the pediatrics depar tment atDanie l Freeman Hosp i tal in Inglewood,California, where he established aNewborn In tens ive Care Uni t in 1 970 .

He was respons ib le for custom des ignedequipment to prov ide the optimalenvironm en t for premature babies andother infan ts needingsupport sys tems .

Dr. Jerome Sheifferwas prac t ical, a towerof s trength, rooted in the earth . .hewas

sc ient ific,amath scholar, seeingsys tems

and pat tern s in learningand in di sease . He

al lowed me to be the but terfly, the ar tis t,”she con t inues . ”We were both in tense lyinvolved in the healingarts, andwerehappilymarried for 28 yearsf’The deathsof her husban d and son in 1 984 drew hermore deeply in to her art .

Some t imes she is asked the ques t ion,

How is art used to heal ? ”The essenceof her exper ience, she says, ”is thatI focused energies on myself andmyown inn er l ife

,extemalized that inner

life by very del iberate art ist ic nonverbalse lf-immers ion

,allowed other peop le

to share and exper iencemy creat iveprocesses and products, and found thatin the syn thes izingand in the verbalandwr i t ten sharingI grew evenmore

,increasedmy in sigh ts in to

self and Others, and thus came tounders tand the s ignifican ce Of artas an exp ress ive therapy.

”

Sheiffer explain s that the we ll -train edart therap is t

,l ike the trained ar t ist

,must

have aworkingknowledge of a variet yof art media

,tools andmaterials gained

from personal experience and longexplorat ion . The therapis t must knowwhen an d how to use or sugges t cer tainmedia to correspond to the c l ien t ’semergingneeds . Some media are softand pliable, some hard and res is tan t ;

From all indicat ions,Sheiffer

’

s art formand therapy speak to a diverse public .

Recen t ly she gave lec tures for theNat ional Art Educat ion Associat ionand to the Depar tmen t of Psychiatry andBehavioral Medicine at the Univers ity OfLouisv ille for the ir new hol is t ic Genes isCenter. At thi s wri t ing, ofher prin tsare beingshown in Japan by a firm that isin troducing”vis ionary art"from alloverthe world to the Japanese . This summershe is re turningto the JungIn s ti tute inSwi t zerland to learn techniques Of sandtray therapy inwhi ch pat ients can createaworld of their own by choosingandinser t ingobjects from a vast assortmentof plan t

,an imal

,mythological and

human forms in to a sand tray designedto therapeutic spec ificat ions by FrauDora Kalpf, the originator of theJungianmethod .

Herdream is to Open a heal ingcenterthat combin es var ious forms of selfexpress ion— mus ic

,dance

,drama

,art and

bib l iotherapy. Although she says that sheplans to do this ”someday

,

”she already is

workingon one phase of i t . Soon she willbe establ ishinga join t practice wi thDr. Norma Schlager ’

56, an educationalpsycho logis t in private pract ice, who isin teres ted in bibl iotherapy. B ib liotherapyis concerned wi th the use of readingmaterial in healingand remediat ion .

We shal l not cease from explorationAnd the end Of allour exploringWi l l be to arrive where we startedAnd know the place for the firs t time .

ClassNotes

In an effort to locate ”lost alumni,

”a partial list

of thosemissingfrom our records follows thenews about each class . Ifyou have informationabout these persons

,please use the convenient

form prin ted on the last page ofClassNotes .’

53

Natalie Harris B lues tone is author of the book,Women and the Ideal Society: Plato ’

s Republic

andModernMyths ofGender, recentlypublished by the University ofMassachusettsPress . In herbook she addresses some of the

most debated issues ofour times and arguesagainst sociobiological views Ofgenderdifferences . Natalie

,who received herPh .D .

from Johns Hopkins,teaches philosophy at

the Radcliffe Seminars, Radcliffe College,and lives in Brookline

,MA .

Lost alumni : Joyce L . Rapoport, Joan H .

Robbins, David Robinson, Susan S . Rosenberg,Barbara L . Sugarman , Edward P.Wyeth,Gertrude J. Zadok, Martin Zalk .

’

54

Lost alumni : Ann 8 . Kliman,GeneMoss,

AdrianW. Salinger, Judi th B . Shotz, GladysShulman

,Franklin S iegel, Anne H . Smith

,

Donald S tapleton,David Sunderland, Kenne th

M . Sussman,Luis Veguilla-Beredcia, A . David

Weisgal, CorinneW. Zeman .

’

55

Lost alumni : Frank Lavine,Cuille L . Libresco,

LionelM . Lober, WilliamMcKenna,RogerM .

Morgan, RichardW. Peters, NaimaW. Prevots,

Norma Schneider,Erica R . Sherover, Alvin

Siegel, AnnetteM . Spivack, Roberta L . S tahl,Sophie L . Stern,

Helen F. Stone,William J.

Sweeney, SandraG . Wo lfer,Martin M .

Zuckerman .

’

56

Toby Judith Klayman is amajor artist in theSan Francisco Bay area; herwork is displayed inmore than 80 galleries andmuseums across thenation, aswell as in collections abroad . She alsoteaches art, runs seminars and her expertise inlegal and business artmatters haswon heraseat on the board of directors of the Bay AreaLawyers for the Arts . A revised edition of the

1984 book, TheArt is ts ’

SurvivalManual :

A Complete Guide toMarketingYour Work,

written by Toby in tandemwith CobbettSteinberg, recentlywas published byCharles Scribner’s Sons .Lost alumni : David Levadi

,James Lewisohn,

Marilyn M .Milligan ,Mellen C . Peirce,

Miriam Reines,Marilyn G . Rose

,Barbara

D. Rosecrance,Murray Rosenthal

, GeorgeSalamon, Harvey G . Simmons

,Alan P.

S imon, Harry Sirkus, Robert K . S tone,Saul T. Wisemon.

’

57

Richard Bergel ofNorthbrook, IL has beenpromoted to the newly crea ted positionof executive vice president-Operations ofMontgomeryWard CO . In this position

,

hewill be responsible for all store Operations,business ventures and logistics, includingimport Operations and quali ty assurance .

Formerly hewas senior vice president-logistics .Lost alumni: Rebekah F. Horowitz

,Phyllis

Kaplan,Elinor S . Kaye, Robert F. Kelley, Sheila

R . Levine, Luther Link, Joyce R .Mansfield,Judith L . Parker

,LeonardM . Parker, Gun ter

Pfaff,Robert J. Quinn .

’

58

Lo st alumni : Glenn Fishbeck, BarryGersin,

Ann F. Goldberg, BarbaraG . Goldberg,Victor Griffeth, Marvin I. Grossman

,John A .

Guercione, Jon E . Haebig, Barry Hale, John E .

Hanley,Wallace Jackson

,Richard Kaufman ,

Bernice Kelrnan .

’

59

Lost alumni : Steven L . Fishman,Ann B .

Friedlander, R . Valerie Garber, Elaine G .

Goldberg, Ann B . Gottlieb, Sandra J. Green,

Ruth R . Grill , Thomas J. Margadon,Robert F.

Healy,Abbott Hoffman , PhilHoffman ,

EricHolleman

,Leonard B . Holmes

,Jacob S . Katz .

’

60

GaliaGreene Golan-Gild is Darwin Professorof Soviet and East-European Studies andchairman of the department ofpolitical scienceat Hebrew University, Israel . She recentlywasawarded a three~yearMcArthur Foundationgran twith Naomi Chazan to study ”TheAtti tudes and Behavior of IsraeliWomen in

Issues of Peace,War and Conflict Resolution .

She has been an activist in the Israe li PeaceMovement and is amember of Israel ’s LaborParty

,currently servingon both its Central

Commi ttee and Political Policy Commi ttee.

She has authored numerous books, the newestofwhich is about the Soviet Union and the

Middle East .Alberta G. Lipson received a Ph .D . in sociologyfrom Boston Universi ty inMay 1987 andwas

appoin ted assistant dean for research in theOffice of the Dean for Student Affairs atM .I .T.

the followingOctober.Robert Renfield recentlywrote, produced,codirected and edi ted a feature film shotentirely inMexico entitledAngelRiver. It ispresently in distribution outside the UnitedS tates . He is now atwork on a script for a newmovie and a play.

Lost alumni: Lionel Fergus, Natalie R .

Fuchs, Harvey Glasser, Jack Glick, Labert R .

Goldstein,MiriamA . Goodman

,Christiane

Covers-Klein, Bernard G . Gray, Ellen L . Green,

Barbara J. Haber, SidneyHalle, Ethel G .

Herskovits, Leanore F. Ickstadt, Ivan Jacobs .’

6 1

Lost alumni : Patricia S . Goldman,Estelle

Greenberg, Carol S . Halberstadt, Ann S . Harris,W. G lenn Howells

,David S . Kahn ,

Howard J.Kinslinger,Mrs . Leon Levine, LeonardA.

Litman,EvertM . Makinen,

RochelleManuel, MortonMargolis, Shelah S . Moller,HarukoMonoi.

’

62

E laine Kraut Hyman and Jessica GonondeKoninck

'

75 have Opened the offi ce ofHyman

deKoninckfor thegeneral practice of law at

1 80 Glenridge Avenue inMontclair, NJ. Bothattorneys have served the people ofEssexCoun ty, NJ in the public sector for severalyears . Elaine is the former lead labor counselfor Essex Coun ty

,responsible forallmatters

involvinglabor and employment . She currentlyserves on the Essex CountyWomen

’sAdvisoryBoard and on the Board ofTrustees of theAmerican Civil Liberties Union ofNew Jersey.

Ellen R . Solomon is coauthorwi th VictoriaAnne Steini tz of the book

,S tartingOut: Class

and Communi ty in the Lives ofWorkingClass Youth . Published by Temple Universi tyPress

,the book was cowinner of the Robert

E . Park Awardgiven by the AmericanSociologicalAssociation for th e bes t bookon communi ty and urban affairs for theyears 1986—88 . StartingOut dealswi ththe experience of social class in the lives ofadolescentsgron up in three communitiesand shows the power and variety ofclass origins .Lost alumni : Hazel B . Douglas, Am 0 1d

Dubow,Francoise Dutertre, Eli'era E .

Ehrenfeld,Catherine Ellis

,John Finesilver,

J. Thomas Fleming, Henry Frank,Volkmar

Fri tsche,Judith B . Garrison,

Paul E . Geller,Susannah J. Glusker,MamabuHarada

,Ama

S . Harris .’

63

JewelNaxonKlein has become a partner in theChicago law firm ofHolstein, Mack Dupree.

Jewel specializes in equine law andher clientsinclude local and national groups involvedin horse racing, aswell as owners, trainers,jockeys and veterinarians . She also is activein theWomen’s BarAssociation of Illinois and,as second vice president, is in line to become

president of that group in its 75 th-anniversaryyear. TheWomen 's Bar is the third largest barassociation in Illinois .Richard D . Mayer has been teachinginMaui, Hawaii for the past 2 1 years . He isan economics/geography in structor atMaui

Communi ty College . In May 1987 Dickreceived the Universi ty ofHawaii Board ofRegent ’s Excellence in TeachingAward . Heand hiswife, who is a registered nurse, havetwo chi ldren : David, 7, andTara Lynn,

4 .

Emily Schottenfeld Stoper is coeditor (withEllen Boneparth ) of the book, Women, Powerand Policy: Toward the Year 2000, which hasjust been published by Pergamon Press .

Lost alumni : Judi th B . Booth, Andrea Brooks,Judith B . Brown,Naomi Brusse l, Ilona Burstein,

Michael Charles,SharonM . Grower

,Howard

Darnmond,Hazel A . Demi lle, Marc N . Epstein

,

Phyllis S . Flaschner,Marvin I . Freedman,

Gregory M . Gilbert, Marlene Glaser.

Lois A. Levin, Ph.D. has been in practice asa clinical psychologist since 1977 . She editedthe book, Facili tatingPsychotherapy: SelectedPapers of Sidney Levin , M.D . , published inSeptember 1987 by Irvington Publishers, Inc .

,

New York, NY. Sidney Levin is her father.Elizabeth Freund Fideler is author of thebook, A Parents’ Primer: What YouNeed toKnow about Your Child is ElementarySchool, published February 1988 by IrvingtonPublishers

,Inc .

,NewYork, NY . She is an

advanced doctoral candidate inAdm inistration,

Planningand Social Policy atHarvardGraduateSchool ofEducation. The bookwaswritten forparentswhowan t to become involved in theirchi ld ’s education. It touches on every aspect ofelementary schooling, provides insights aboutthe classroom and is aimed at enablingparentsto learn how toworkwi th school personnel andwi thin the communi ty for amore effectiveschool system.

DavidMerrill is servingas head of the Agencyof lntemationalDevelopment Missionin Jakarta, Indonesia (Department of State )from July 1987 to July 199 1 . Earlier this yearhe was visited by Les lie“Babs"Posner '65 ofBaltimore, MD whowas on official businessthere .

Peter Z assenhaus 2 0 11 is general managerofBHFCapitalMarkets

,Ltd . The company

recently had its official openingin London.

Peterwould enjoy hearingfrom other Londonalumni regardinglocal association. His addressis 39 Oakley Street

,London SWS SHA

,

England .

Lost alumni : Stuart Borman,Ruth S .

Botchan,Marcel P. Broecke

,David Chan , Ellen

Chiarovalloti, Mikael Ciftan ,Jonathan Cohen

,

Ruth E . Cohen,Jean Danner

, Jon G . Davies,

CarolW. Dethy, Elizabeth A . Dowling,Ms. GilaDucat

,Aglaia Efstathiou.

’

65

Melanie Rovner Cohen, a partnerwith theChicago firm ofAntonow St Fink

,recently

coauthored the ”Real Estate in Bankruptcy”

chapter for the 1988 edition ofBasic RealEstatePractice Volume 11 , published by the IllinoisInstitute forContinuingLegal Education . She

is the author of several chapters in IICLEhandbooks and has served as a speaker forprograms sponsored by HCLE, the Chicago BarAssociation,

the Commercial Law League andother organizations . An instructor on securedconsumer transactions and debtor-creditor

law at DePaul Universi ty School ofLaw,

Me lanie is amember of the HearingPanel ofthe Attorney Registration andDisciplinaryCommission and chairman of the Bankruptcyand Reorganization Committee of theChicago BarAssociation.

Lost alumni : Marvin Edelman,Abram

Engelman , Alan M. Field, Harry Fincher,Stephen Fine, Diana K . Fogelman, LauraFoner, R ichard Frucht,Miriam Gilbert, KarenGilbom ,

Katie S . Gillmor,Anthony J. Gnazzo,

Leonie B . Goldberg, MarleneM . Goldstein .

Nancy Foner,professor ofanthropology

at SUNY,Purchase, NY has edited a book

portrayingthe significan t impact of immigrantsonNew York Ci ty. New Immigrants inNewYork, published by ColumbiaUniversityPress, highlightsDominicans, Haitians, St .

Vincentians, Grenadians, Jamaicans, Koreans,Chinese and Soviet Jews . The nine originalessays, one written byDr. Foner

,dealwith a

wide range of social and political issues fromthe growth of successful Korean greengrocersand themeaningof race amongWest Indiansto the arrival of Soviet Jews in Brooklyn ’sBrighton Beach .StephenWiesner andhiswife Beverly happilyannounce the birth of their daughter ChayaSarah onDecember 24, 1987 .

Lost alumni : Robert Chwast, Ellen R . Cox,Elisa B . DeMakrides, Bert Devries, Theodore P.Druch, Paul Easton,

Barry Feinberg, Roslyn B .

Feldberg, Mrs . Toni T. Feltus,Charles P. Fisher

,

Mary E . Flanagan,Michael A . Fleisher, John P.Fogarty, ElsaD . Freud .

Stephen Bendich is a psychologist doingtherapy inManhattan , ismarried,is active in

his 9-year-old son ’s PTA,and

”wan ts to hear

from old Brandeis friends forgeneral chat .”His address is 42 Grove Street, NewYork,NY 100 14.

Lost alumni : William S . Boeschenstein,Patti

E . Brenneche,Manuel Buchwald

,Richard D .

Castle, Alan L . Chaikin, Sunchee Chou,

JeffreyCivins, Frederick R . Cohen

,Leo Cohen

,Phi lip

T. Cohen,DavidM . Cohn, Richard A . Cohn

,

Gene Corman,Leonard Corman .

Roger Gottlieb (Ph.D.

’

75 ) is author of the book,History and Subjectivity : The TransformationofMarxist Theory, publishedNovember 1987by Temple University Press . In his theory

, Stevere jectsMarx ’s central assertion that themeansofproduction determines social life . He

contends that three equal ly important socialforces shape social life : economic class,

socialization processes and politicalorganizations .

Lost alumni : Dorothy R . B ishop,Benjamin C .

Blatt, Ronald A. Blattel, Margaret E Bradley,Jane Budowsky, R ichard Burgin,

Sally F.

Campbell, Toni -Lee Capossela, Carol S .

Cashman,Laura R . Chasen,

Jeffrey R . CohenGwenn G . Copple

,Aloysius Cuyjet, Stephen

B . Daitsch .

Dick Goldberg continues to pursuehiswr itingcareer on several fronts . This pastyear

,a feature film he wrote entitled The

lmagemaker, starringMichael Nouri, JerryOrbach and Farley Granger, premiered onHBO

’

67

Susan SolenderBailis, executive vice presidentofADSManagement

,Inc .

,Lawrence

,MAwas

recently appoin ted to the newly formed AD SConsultingGroup. The company is the ninthfastest growingnursinghome organization inthe nation . The consultinggroupwill advisehealth care providers in developingeffectivesolutions andmethods for attain inghigherlevels of quality and efficiency in patient careandhuman services— ou a consultative orspecific pro ject basis . Susan has been a hospitaland nursinghome management specialist forover 15 years . She joined ADS in 1986, leavingher previous positions as associate director ofNew EnglandMedical Center and assistantprofessor ofpsychiatry atTufts Universi tySchool ofMedicine .

An thony G. Scariano, senior partnerwith theChicago firm of Scariano

,Kula, Ellch St H

'

Chtd., recently coauthored the ”

General andCivi l Rights L itigation"chapter for the 1988supplement of Illinois School Lawpublishedby Ill inois Institute forContinuingLegalEducation . He is amember of the Illinois StateandChicago BarAssociations, the NationalOrgan ization on Legal Problems ofEducationand the National Council of School Attorneys .

and other cable channels andwas released onvideocassette

,

”The CateredAffair,” an episode

he authored for the CBS series ”Kate andAllie”was broadcast hewas appoin ted creativedirector of the Philadelphia ad agencyLetven/Diccicco, hewrote and produceda video forNCR on corporate managementfor the l t century; and he was awardeda fellowship from the Pennsylvania Council onthe Arts for screenwri ting. Dick continues towrite restaurant reviews forThe PhiladelphiaInquirer and is under contract toWarner Bros .TV to develop two television series . Thissummer

,his film,

Family Business, starringMilton Berle, will be seen on the Arts StEntertainment cable channel and releasedon videocassette .

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

Lost alumn i : Jennifer L . Brandt,Eran E .

Brandwein,Walter J. Brazil, PhyllisM . Brenner,

Deborah Brienn e, Barbara J. Bryant,WilliamJ. Burke, Daniel G . Cerundolo, EvelineM .

Chiasson,Jonathan Chipman, Gail V. Chmara,

Rick S . Cho, Joseph Chow,Louis Chow.

’

76

Liane KupferbergCarter and herhusbandMarc

joyfully announce the birth of Jonathan Roy,who was delivered by Dr. Kenneth Kaplan ’

79.

Raina Chamovitz-Rosenbergmoved to Israel10 years ago and is now livingin Jerusalemwith herhusband Z vika and their 3 l/i -year-olddaughterMaia. She has completed her studiesat the Hadassah Hebrew UniversityMedicalSchool andwill be beginn ingher internship atShaare Zedek Hospital in Jerusalem .

RichardGreenewas recentlymarried to LisaEvans, who is the assistan t director ofnursingat Northeastern University ’s Forsythe Clinic .

He alsowas appointed vice president forShearson Lehman Brothers andmaintainsthe posi tion ofdirector of sales for theirBoston office on State Street .Larry andWendeeWolfson Kanarek ’

77 sendnews of the birth of their first child David Brianon January 1, 1988— ”

a real ly nice way to startthe New Year”

Joan KriegerMitchell and herhusband Larryhappily share the news of the birth of theirsecond child Rachel Jenn ifer on October 27,l987 . BrotherDanny is 2 and his best friend isHanaMeckler

,daughter ofRonMeckler ’76

and Bella Shapero '

78 . Joan and Larry areinvolved in their own business, Larry ’s BabySafe ty Services, which helpsmakes homeschild-safe .

Julieanna Richardson is founder, presidentand chief executive officer of Shop Chicagoa local home shoppingcable TV service, whichdebuted inApril 1987 . Shewas formerly anattorneywi th Jenner St B lock and also served

as cable administrator for the City ofChicagoaswell as

'

chairman of the Chicago CableComm ission .

”Shop Chicago” recently

expanded its weekly cablecast schedule from28 hours aweek to an average of 72 hours aweek on six cable systems currently carryingthe program. The show featuresmerchandiseand services and in cludes brand-name smallappliances

,toys

,jewelry and discounted locally

oriented products such as Chicago Bears items .

Maurizio Vannicelli has been promoted toassociate professor ofpolitical science at HolyCross College,Worcester, MA . He also hasbeen awarded tenure . Amember of the HolyCross political science faculty since 1982,Maurizio has coauthored one book onEurocommunism and one on the politicalstrategy ofEuropean trade unions, and haswritten or coauthoredmany articles inscholarly journals . He has served as directorOf the Holy CrossWashington Intern Program,

currently serves as direc tor of the StudyAbroad Program and is advisor to the studentHanify-Howland Lecture Comm ittee .

Bethamy DubitzkyWeinberger ofW. Peabody,MA recently was promoted to assistan t vicepresident ofAmerican Properties Team,

Inc .

Shemanages the condominium division of

this real estatemanagement firm.

E lenaNiermanWidder andherhusbandJoel announce the birth of their daugh terSaman tha Rose on February 12, 1988 .

R ick and SusanMande Zucker ’77 announcethe birth of their second son Jonathan in June1987 . He iswelcomed into the fami ly by bigbrother David .Lost alumni : Louise F. Carreiro

,George D .

Cirnino, LoisM . Coates,Deborah R . Cohen,

Janet E . Cohen, Jay A . Cohen

,Charlotte

Coopersmith, Joseph C . Crane,ThomasM .

Croteau,David G . Dalin,

Barbara A. Deck,

Dwight T. Decker,Bruce J. Devenow,

Ted

Diarnandopoulos.

'

77

Debra GoldbergButler and Steven H. Butler(GSAS

’

84 ) recentlymoved to Seattlewith theirson Eric, born August 20, 1987 . Their newaddress is 6200 Sand PointWay NE,

Apt . 402,Seattle,WA 98 1 15 .

S teven R . Londonrecentlywas elected apartner in the Boston-based law firm of Brown,

Rudn ick,Freed 81 Gesmer. Agraduate of

Georgetown Universi ty Law School, he is amember of the firm’

s sections on generalcorporate law,

securities law and corporatefinan ce .

Reenie Hershman Shaw and herhusbandGregory announce the birth of their twinsons, Matthew Raymond and JeremyMichaelonNovember 27, 1987 . The family residesin Brookline, MA .

NancyWilsker is a newly elected partner in thelaw firm of Brown

,Rudnick

,Freed 81 Gesmer

,

Boston,MA . A graduate of Boston College Law

School, she practices primarily in the fields Ofbankingand intellectual property rights .Lost alumni : Marc H . Bloom,

Lisa F. Blum,

M ichael Bratton,Candace E . Browning, Craig

R . Chamey, Susan M . Clements, Deborah L .

Coburn,Jeffrey Cohen, Robert M . Cohen,

Steven C . Cohen,Marshall A . Corson,

MiniardCulpepper

,Joan A. Dallis

,Shaun C. Deane.

’

78

JeffKesslerwas appointed as associate deanof students at Polytechnic University ’sFarmingdale, NY campus .

Robin Goldm an Leikin and herhusband Jerryare pleased to announce the birth of their sonScottMichael on October 23 ,

1987 . Robin is apostdoc torate in the department ofhematology/oncology at NorthwesternUniversity. Jerry is physician-in -charge of thedepartment ofmedicine at the University ofIllinois

,Chicago. The family resides in

G lencoe, IL.

Mark S . Levenson recently left private practicewith Kay, Scholer et al and has joined AmericanExpress Company as a senior attorney in theGeneral Counsel ’s office Specializingin realestate. Mark and hiswife Eta also happilyannounce the birth of their first child EricEliezer on July 4

,1987 .

”All three are lookingforward to the loth-year reunion”

Lost alumni : Hillary Blackman,John R .

B levins,Elaine Braun Keller

,Joanne P. Brown

,

Sabrina F. Brown,Martha L. Chason,

DeborahColburn,

RichardM . Coplon,Jennifer L .

Costley,Michael R . D

’

Onofrio,MaryM . Daly

,

Gordon S . Drever,Leslie A . Dubinsky.

’

79

Drew Brodsky,MD . is a pediatric

anesthesiologist servinga tour at the FrankfurtArmyMedical Center,West Germany.Cindy Brody Caplan andMitchell Caplanannounce the birth of their son Gregory RyanonDecember 4, 1987 . They are also the proudparents of55-year—old Elyssa Jill .Eric D . Cohen,

MD . of Pittsburgh, PA ispleased to announce hi s recent appointment asdirector of the Center forChildren and Familiesat theWestern Psychiatric Institute andClinic,alongwith rank of assistant professor inpsychiatry at the University of PittsburghSchool ofMedicine .

Jonathan H. Hirsch, a vice president ofTransportation Capital Corp. was elected adirector of the corporation at a boardmeetingon December 1 1 , 1987 . He is in charge of theBoston regional office of the corporation .

Transportation Capital Corp. is one of thelargestminority enterprise small businessinvestment companies in the Uni ted Stateswith offices inNewYork, Boston, ChicagoandDetroit .

Joe Lustigandhis wife Susanne proudlyannoun ce the birth of their daughter KimberlyBrooke on December 24, 1986 . Joe is a legaleditor at Research Institute ofAmerica Inc . ,

inWashington,DC .

Roy and LisaNaturman '

80 are expectingtheirsecond chi ld inMay 1988 . Scott Neil was bornAugust 6, 1986, one day after their seventhweddingann iversary. Roy, a board-certifiedinternist, is completingan anesthesia residencyand fellowship at Brigham andWomen

's

Hospital,Boston . Lisa completed herM .B.A.

from Boston College inDecember 1987 andoperates a testingand consultingfirm,

MedCon, for themedical device andpharmaceutical industries .WayneT. Samuels andhiswifeValerie arepleased to announce the birth of their thirdchi ldAshleyAugusta on January 13, 1988 .

Ashley ’s older brotherNathan, 8, and sisterEryn, S,

”are thrilled?

Lost alumni : Steven R . Chan,Gay C .

Cheltenham, Kent H . Cheng, Cyn thia J. Clay,Deborah Coburn,

Anthony A. Cogliandro,Barbara E . Cohen,

Steven D . Cohen,Steven L .

Cooper, Allan Corbe il, Kurt V. Cybulski, Lisa J.Daniels, SaeqaDil .

’

80

DanielM. Berger has been appointed vicepresident andmanager of the secondarymarket insurance department ofMunicipalBond Investors Assurance Corporation,

Whi tePlains, NY . He joined the company in 1985 as amunicipal bond analyst in the uni t investmenttrust group. Previously, hewas an investmentanalyst atMetropoli tan Life InsuranceCompany, and prior to that an assistant vicepresident at Shearson Lehman Hutton,

Inc .

A resident ofManhattan,he holds amaster’s

degree in business administration fromNewYork University. He is amember of theMunicipal Analysts Group ofNewYork and theNational Federation ofMunicipal Analysts .Jody Garfinkle is now livingin Jerusalemwhereshe is credi tmanager of the Sheraton JerusalemPlaza. She andMichele Chabin ’

8 1 are sharinglivingquarters, ”tryingtomake endsmeet ontheir Israeli salaries?JuliaReiss Penan and herhusbandDanieljoyfully announce the birth of their daughterJillian onNovember 8 , 1987 . Dan iel ispracticingdentistry in Sturbridge, MA and

Julia is enjoyingtakingcare of the baby.Neil and Lori Kleinhammer Petchers joyfullyannounce the birth of their son BrianMichaelonNovember 14, 1987 .

Rick Shapiro and Judy Dickert Shapiro ’

8 1 are

happy to announce the birth of their daughterSara Beth onNovember 5 , 1987 .

Dr. Amy Beth Taublieb ofBuffalo, NY will bedeliveringa paper at the 59th-annualmeetingof the Eastern Psychological Association. In

addition tomain tainingan active privatepractice, she recently accepted a position asclinical psychologist at Child andAdolescentPsychiatric Clinic. She also is an adjunctprofessor at Canisius College .

Lost alumni : E lena Bychkov, Tila CarrasquilloRamin,

Grace Chavarria, Ralaina Christian,

Vadirn Chudnovsky, Rena J. Clamen,Achsah

G . Clark,Beverly A . Cohen, Jan ice S . Cohen,

Jeffrey D . Cohen,LisaH . Cohen, Susan J.

Cohen,Nan cy L . Cooper, Paul B . Davidson.

’

8 1

SolW. Bernstein has joined the NewYork Citylaw firm ofWindels

,Marx

,Davies Ives as

associate attorney in the bankingdepartment .Michele Chabin is an editor at The JerusalemPost in Jerusalemwhere she and Jody Garfinkle’

80 are sharingan apartment .Robin Frueh Cohn andherhusband Jerryare delighted to announce the birth of theirfirst chi ldAdamHanan on January 30, 1 988 .

Both Robin and Jerry practice law inWashington, DC .

Michael Lyon has been appoin ted specialassistan t to the chairman of the FDIC inWashington, DC. He alsomarried the formerCarrie Fisher '83 last September.Joseph B . Singer has left sunny SouthernCalifornia and taken the position ofmanagerof technical services at Centerchem

,Inc .

,

Tarrytown , NY. Centerchem is a distributorof rawmaterials to the cosmetics, food andpharmaceutical industries . Joe currentlyresides in Darien, CT.

Lost alumni : Ralph Deleon,Mary J. Dewille,William H. Diamond

,Michael Dorfrnan

,

Kenneth A . Dressler, John R . Eichholz,Anna F.

Esquivel,MariaT. Fernandes,Livia Figueiredo

Barreto, Luis Figueredo, DavidA. Fillingham,

Peter J. Fitzgerald, Ellen F itzpatrick,MariorieA. Flacks .’

82

PeterAllen's artworkwas exhibited at TheMorrisMuseum

,Morristown

,New Jersey

,fromMarch 1 8 toMay 1 , 1988 .

Stuart Gran t and Suzanne Barton Grant'

83 are livinginWilmington,DE . S tuart, after

completinga clerkship in the Southern DistrictofNew York

,joined the law firm of Skadden,

Arps as an associate . Suzanne, after four andone-half years onWall Street, is pursuingherM .B .A . at theWharton School .Lori LobelUnderberger is livinginTucson,

AZ with herhusband Dr. DanUnderberger.

She is associatedwith the law firm ofHawley81 Nystedt, has passed the Arizona Bar, and isSpecializingin pensions andwills . Dan is doinghis residency at the University ofArizona inthe field ofanesthesia .

Lost alumni : Julie Davidson,Susan J. Dempsey,

DelaD . Dinion, Robin L . Drexler,Judi th S .

Eisen, Spencer G . Feldman,Lisa Fialkow—Feriel,

Andrew S . Fisher,Alan M . Friedman ,

PerryFriedman

, Janine L . Garfinkel,Linda C .

Gerlach, Ellen J. Gordon,Andrew J. Gran .

’

83

LaurenWeiss Cohen is in her second yearof Columbia University ’s doctorate programin organizational psychology. She and herhusbandDaniel are expectingtheir first childin January 1989 .

BurtonHomonoff and hiswife Robin are proudto announce the birth of their first childDavidAlexander on January 1 7, 1988 .

Andrew J. Perel is now an associatewi th thelaw firm ofAdams, Duque andHazeltine inNew York City

,which special izes in insurance

defense litigation.

DonnaWeinzimer andDarrelM . Seifeweremarried in September 1987 . She is currentlya supervisor ofplanningand research at DDBNeedharnWorldwide, an advertisingagencyinNewYork Ci ty.Lost alumni : Jerry H. Brown,

Art ieA.

Bucheister,William E . Buckley

,RalphN. Camp

,

Leslie E . Chesick, J.Ni taCogburn, BetsyG. Epel,Kenneth R . Epste in

,Dan Evron,David L . Feinberg,

ScottD. Field,Nara Figueroa, BrettM . Finley.’

84

LisaAdlerwasmarried toMaury Goldstein onSeptember 13, 1987 . They live in Cleveland,OHwhere Lisa currently serves as director ofCentral Region United Synagogue Youth . SusanStein Cuperfain '

84 andArnold Savenor ’

84

were in theweddingparty andNorman Katzoff’

84 designed theweddinginvi tation . Attendingthe weddingwere Andrew Josef '86, cousin of

the bride Beth Sirull '84 and ScottMenter '85 .

Jonathan Lightman'

83 and JanisMillerLightman

'

83,whoweremarried theweek

before, made a surprise appearance .

MartinAlintuck recentlywas named accoun texecutive at Cabot Public Relations, Boston,

MA . As amember ofCabot 's Corporate/PublicAffairs Group, Martin Specializes in specialevents development and corporatecommunications . Prior to joiningCabot, hewas on the staff ofMassachusettsGovernorMichael S . Dukakis .Alyson Arbeitermarried StevenDistel, herhigh school swee theart, in September 1984 .

They joyfully announce the recent birth of theirson CraigS tuart . Alyson and Steven own and

run a full servicewarehouse and distributioncompany in central New Jersey, near theirhome in Somerset .Linda Engler is engaged to Andrew Eisenand theweddingwill take place in June 1 989 .

Linda received an M .A . in c linical psychologyat SUNY,

B inghamton and she is currently adoctoral student in clinical psychology there .

Marc E. Shovers and Shari R. Solomon ’

84

weremarried in April 1987 . Members of theweddingparty included : Andy Burstiner '

85,Jeff Iandau '

85 and Jimmie LeeWooten '83 as

ushers; and Linda B lazer '83, Stefanie Singer'

83 and Janice Kravitz-Schlickman’

84 as

bridesmaids . Shari andMarc spent part of theirhoneymoon in theHimalayaswi th fellowBrandesian and able tourguide Robert Yee '

83 .

Shari recently accepted a faculty position inthe department ofacoustical engineeringatthe Universi ty '

oiWisconsin atMadison,

whereMarc is currently pursuinga law degree .

DavidG. Farber and Pierrette Gallaannounced their engagement onDecember 3 1

,

1987 . The weddingis planned forearly 1989 .

David is production manager forManagementNews magazine, published by theNationalPaperTrade Association ofGreat Neck, NY.

Pierrette is casemanager forOperationSuccess, located in Brooklyn ,

NY .

Donna Fields and Raf Lefkovicweremarriedin NewYork onDecember 27

,1987 . They

currently are livinginAnn Arbor, MI , whereDonnawri tes for theAnnArborNews and Rafis a second-yearM .B .A . student at theUniversity ofMichigan Business School .Sam Gris has been elected investment officerat C&S Investment Advisors, Inc. in Atlanta,where heworks as a portfoliomanager. Healso placed third in the Lake Lanier IceMan

WindsurfingRegatta in January 1988 .

DennisM. Kelleher has joined the Bostonoffice of the NewYork law firm of Skadden,

Arps, Slate,Meagher 81 Flom aftergraduatingcum laude fromHarvard Law School in 1987 .

He recently (March 8 ) defeated, by a 25 percentmargin, an incumbent Democratic statecommi tteeman andwon a four-year term .

Bruce 1 .March announces his engagementto Lori A.Wiesenthal . Theweddingdate is setforSeptember 1988 . Bruce is an attorneywithSimpson

,Th acher and Bartlett Lori is an

attorneywi th Thacher,Profi tt andWood . Both

firms are located inNewYork, NY .

Norma I . Sanchez received a JD. degree fromBoston College Law School inMay 1988 and

is clerkingwith theMassachusetts SuperiorCourt for one year. She will then join the lawfirm of Bai ley andWechsler in Hartford

,CT.

Alan D. Schlein is owner and president ofATG Inc .

,the largest limousine service in

the GreaterHartford, CT area. ATG Inc .

is doingbusiness asAstor/MadisonAvenueLimousine . Alan became interested intransportation services while at Brandeisand alsowhileworkingin CIGNA'

s legaldepartment,Bloomfi eld

,CT; in preparation for

law school . InMay 1987 he took the helm of

Airways Transportation Group ofCompanies .

Allan Spitzer received hisM .B .A. fromGeorgeWashington Universi ty in February1987 . In September of that year, he joinedThe Egan Group, a consultingfirm locatedin Washington,

DC,which specializes in

business aspects of the space program. His

article ”TheDevelopment ofMaterials

Processingin Space appeared in theNovember 1987 issue of Space Policy.Jonathan Vankin, a staffwriter forWorces terMagazine inWorcester, MA,

won the

New England Press Association ”HighestAchievement inWritinga Sports Story1987

”award in the association ’s large

circulationweekly category. His July 22 coverstory entitled ”On the Ropes :Worcester’sOnce and Future BoxingChampions” profiledboxers from the 19205 through the 19805 andincluded promisingnewcomers . The awardwas presented at the annual NE PA conventionJanuary 22

,1988 in Cambridge,MA.

L.MichaelWeiss and Ellen S . Baker ’85happily announce their engagement, six anda half years aftermeetingat Brandeis . Ellenreceived herM .B .A . at NewYork Universityand is nowworkingfor IBM . Michael is asecond-year student at New YorkMedicalCollege .

HayleyWiseman and Joseph Arone became

engaged December 5 , 1987 . Hayley is theaccountingmanager of a distribution companyin Woburn,

MA and Joseph is an aircraftengine special ist at General Electric inLynn . A fall 1989weddingis planned .Lost alumni : MichaelW. Forcier, RoderickL . Foxworth

,Kenneth A . Getz, Sharon

C . Goldharner, Iren L . Guararye, SeleneGuerrieri, Gamett C . Headley

,Renee J.

Heberle,Rodger E . Hebert

,Clarence C .

Heeter,Theodore K. Horwitz

,Evan A .

Jenness,Jonathan L . Kaplan

,Erika Kates .

’

85

Bernard Gerson ofNewYork Ci ty is pleased toannounce his engagement to Suzanne Parker.The weddingis plann ed forAugust 1988 . The

future bride andgoom study at the JewishTheological Seminary ofAm erica.

Susan Horowitz is pleased to announce herengagement toDavid Fink . Theweddingisplanned for June 1988 . She is currentlyworkingfor a divison ofXerox Corp. inWashington,

DC.

Michael Gliedman and his band of two years,

Waterworld, have released their first album . As

a student, Michael was founder of the BrandeisOccasional Sax campus band . He is employedby Logical Resources, Inc .

,located in

Natick,MA .

OrnaHananel is in her second year ofmedicalschool at the Technion in Haifa, Israel . Shewelcomes news from her friends everywhere.

Lo st alumni : Denise Connors, Caitlin J. Cook,Kim N . Coughl in ,

TeresaM . Dunn, Steven J.

Edelheit,PeterA . Eng, Ann E . Erwin

,Marcey

Fogelman,Robyn H . Frank, Moshe Fridental,

Jeri L . Ganz, RobertM . Gladstein, Beth L .

Goldstein .

Susan Elsner ofRandolph, MA is engaged toBarry Lit, who is from herhometown and is amusician completinghis B A. atUMass Boston.

She isworkingin th e field of internationalmarketingatAddison-Wesley PublishingCo .

RichardH. Epstein and Susan J. Lazev planto bemarried September 4, 1988 . Susan iscompletingher second year in the Rabbinicalprogram at the Jewish Theological Seminaryin New York Ci ty. Richard is a second-yearstudent atNewYork Universi ty School ofLawandhas accepted a position as a summerassociatewith the firm of Breed, AbbottandMorgan in New York City.Lost alumni : Susannah F. Cohen, BenjaminE . Coopersmith, Reynaldo Cordero,

SandraDavis,Michael De La Pena, Susan A. Dembo,Shari J. Dermer

,Jill M . Dietz, Mia J. Donnelly,

MelissaH . Einberg,Wendy C . Etkind, DonaldJ. Farber, Petra L . Farias.

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