7TH

BALKAN CONFERENCE

ON ANIMAL SCIENCE

BALNIMALCON 2015

Book of Abstracts

Sarajevo

June 3–6, 2015

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7TH BALKAN CONFERENCE ON ANIMAL SCIENCE

organized by

Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo,

Bosnia and Herzegovina

in cooperation with

Namik Kemal University, Republic of Turkey

Honorary Board

Prof. Dr. Muharem Avdispahić, Rector, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and

Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Osman Şimşek, Rector, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdağ,

Republic of Turkey

Organizing Committee

Prof. Dr. Muhamed Brka, President, Faculty of Agriculture and Food

Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. İhsan Soysal, Deputy President, Namik Kemal University,

Tekirdağ, Republic of Turkey;

Prof. Dr. Zlatan Sarić, Dean, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,

University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Ahmet İstanbulluoğlu, Dean of Agriculture Faculty, Namik

Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Republic of Turkey;

Prof. Dr. Sabahudin Bajramović, Faculty of Agriculture and Food

Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Salko Muratović, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,

University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Halil Omanović, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences,

University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Stanko Ivanković, Faculty of Agriculture, Mostar, Bosnia and

Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Božo Važić, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka,

Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Hanefija Topuz, Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry

of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Senaid Memić, Mayor municipality Ilidža, Bosnia and

Herzegovina

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Scientific Committee

Prof. Dr. Ante Ivanković, President, Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Zagreb, Croatia;

Asst. Prof. Ervin Zečević, Ph. D., Deputy President, Faculty of Agriculture

and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Vladan Bogdanović, Prof. Dr. Radica Đedović, Faculty of

Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia;

Prof. Dr. Zvonko Antunović, Prof. Dr. Pero Mijić, Faculty of Agriculture,

Josip Juraj Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia;

Prof. Dr. Snežana Trifunović, Prof. Dr. Miroslav Plavšić, Faculty of

Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Serbia;

Asst. Prof. Božidarka Marković, Biotechnical Faculty, University of

Montenegro, Montenegro;

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Parride D'Ottavio, Universitá Politecnica delle Marche,

Dipartmento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Italy;

Prof. Dr. Drago Kompan, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana,

Slovenia;

Prof. Dr. Horia Grosu, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary

Medicine, Bucharest, Romania;

Prof. Dr. Muhittin Özder, Prof. Dr. Ersin Şamli, Namik Kemal

University, Tekirdağ, Republic of Turkey;

Prof. Dr. Andreas Georgoudis, Aristotle University, Faculty of Agriculture,

Department of Animal Production, Animal Genetics and Breeding,

thessaloniki, Greece;

Prof. Dr. Zoran Popovski, Prof. Dr. Sreten Andonov, Ss. Cyril and

Methodius University in skopje, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food,

F.Y.Republic of Macedonia;

Prof. Dr. Svetlana Georgieva, Prof. Dr. Nikolai Todorov, Prof. Dr.

Radoslav Slavov, Agriculture Faculty, Trakya University, Stara Zagora,

Bulgaria;

Asst. Prof. Admir Dokso, Asst. Prof. Senada Čengić-Džomba, Asst. Prof.

Alma Rustempašić, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of

Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

Prof. Dr. Feyzi Uğur, Prof. Dr. Türker Savaş, Onsekiz Mart University,

Çanakkale, Republic of Turkey,

Prof. Dr. Kristaq Kume, Albania

Conference Website: http://balnimalcon.nku.edu.tr/

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CONTENT

INVITED PAPERS

Application of biochemical and molecular tools in animal science:

Case studies on marker assisted selection, evolutionary studies,

identification of animal products and gene expression 20

Popovski, Z.T., Dimitrievska, B.R.

Opportunities for development of Bulgarian livestock breeding

within the context of the European Framework Programme for

Research and Innovation „Horizon 2020“ 21

Slavov, R., Stankov, I., Georgieva, S., Mihaylova, G., Panayotov,

M., Radev, V.

Heritability of dairy traits in the first three lactations of black and

white dairy cows 22

Đedović, R., Bogdanović, V., Stanojević, D., Brka, M., Stojić, P.,

Jakovljević, G.

ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH and

NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES AND

RURAL DEVELOPMENT - Oral presentations

Relationship between milk insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)

concentration and body condition score with reproductive

performance and milk yield in Jersey cows 24

Kul, E., Erdem, H.

Comparison of different models for milk fat and protein content

curves in goats 25

Coskun, F., Sahin, A., Kul, E., Ugurlutepe, E.

A novel approach in broiler housing and management: Slat floor

housing and on-farm hatching 26

Petek, M., Cavusoglu, E., Topal, E., Abdourhamane, I. M.

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Applicability of non-feed removal molting programs instead of

conventional feed withdrawal method in brown layer hens 27

Sariozkan, S., Kara, K., Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B.

The effects of initial chick weight and dietary symbiotic

supplementation on growth performance, gastro intestinal tract

development, ileal histomorphology and caecal pathogen

microorganism in broiler chickens 28

Coskun, I., Tat, M., Filik, G., Altop, A., Şahin, A., Erener, G.,

Şamli, H.E.

Determination of muscle fiber types of native sheep breeds in Turkey 29

Şirin, E., Ulutaş, Z., Aksoy, Y., Önenç, A., Ensoy, U., Uğurlu, M.,

Kuran, M.

A Short Review: Large Carnivore Damage Pressure on Livestock in

European Countries 30

Yilmaz, O., Coskun, F., Ertugrul, M.

GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY - Oral

presentations

Milk yield of different genotype goats 32

Erduran, H., Dağ, B.

The effect of DGAT1 on milk production traits in Turkish Holstein

and Jersey cattle breeds 33

Çobanoğlu, Ö., Gürcan, E.K., Çankaya, S., Kul, E., Abaci, S.H.,

Ülker, M.

Molecular genetic application in animal nutrition: Nutrigenomics 34

Işık, R., Bilgen, G., Ipçak, H.H., Alçiçek, A.

Comparison of fattening performance of fat tailed and thin tailed

sheep breeds 35

Karabacak, A., Boztepe, S.

Quantitative trait loci of reproductive trait in cattle 36

Das, H., Paksoy, Z.

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Why so many correlation coefficients? 37

Şan, A., Mirtagioğlu, H., Mendeş, M.

LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND

MARKETING - Oral presentations

Animal husbandry at Cukurova Delta biosphere reserve area in the

Mediterranean coast of Turkey 39

Koluman, N., Göncü, S., Gültekin, U., Mevliyaoğulları, E.

The structure of dairy cattle farms of Pozantı county, problems and

alternative approach 40

Pirinççi, E., Göncü, S., Bostan Budak, D., Mevliyaoğulları, E.

Small ruminant breeding strategy and infrastructure of sheep and

goat breeder association of Turkey 41

Daskiran, I., Koluman, N., Ayhan, V., Konyalı, A. , Savaş, T.

Proposals for development strategies of livestock sector in Central

African Republic 42

Kingueleoua, K.K.C., Canyurt, M.A.

Alternative livestock production networks: is it a paradigm for rural

development 43

Ocak, S., Ogun, S.

Genetic analysis of growth curve parameters in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep 44

Talebi, M.A., Vatankhah, M.

Implementation of Internet of things for animal identification 45

Ostojić, G., Stankovski, S., Trivunović, S., Kučević, D., Zhang, X.

REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY -

Oral presentations

Effect of incubation temperature during maturation and antioxidants

in embryo culture on developmental competence of bovine oocytes 47

Sen, U., Kuran, M.

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Cryopreservation of sperm in aquatic species 48

Bozkurt, Y.

Effects of different extenders and centrifugation/washing on

postthaw microscopic-oxidative stress parameters and fertilizing

ability of Angora buck sperm 49

Sarıözkan, S., Bucak, M.N.,Tuncer, P.B., Tasdemir, U., Kinet,

H., Ulutaş, P.A.

Role of the melatonin hormone on reproductive control in small

ruminants 50

Kırıkçı, K., Çam, A. M.

Early pregnancy detection of Iraqi female camel (Camelus

dromedarius) using different methods 51

Abdulkareem, T.A., Al-Rawi, H.M., Abdul-Rahaman, Y.T.,

Eidan, S.M.

Effect of adding manganese to Tris extender on some post-

cryopreservation semen characteristics of Holstein bulls 52

Eidan, S.M., Abdulkareem, T.A., Sultan, O.A.A.

Gene expressions and conceptus signals for maternal recognition of

pregnancy in cattle 53

Paksoy, Z., Das, H.

ANIMAL NUTRITION - Oral presentations

Posthatch growth and skeletal muscle development in response to

branched chain amino acids supplementation of low-protein diet for

turkey poults subjected to early or delayed feeding 55

Kop-Bozbay, C., Ocak, N.

The path of honey-from the apiary to the final consumer 56

Živoder, D., Pavičić, J., Tudor, P., Dražić, M.

The influence of lighting photoperiods with triticale diets on broiler

performance and abdominal fat deposition 57

Başer, E.

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Effects of carvacrol and/or thymol on performance, blood and rumen

parameters in Merino lambs 58

Hanoglu, H., Biricik, H., Talug, A.M., Gezen, S.S., Dikmen, S.

The possibility of planting Lupin albus at Iraq for its nutritional

importance (human, animal, and livestock) 59

Al-Hamdani, H., Al-Hamdani, A.

Determination of organic acids in barley silage of recombinant

inoculant contributıon 60

Bozkurt Kiraz, A., Kutlu, H.R.

Selenium status of wool of Akkaraman sheep in grazing season

related to pasture selenium content in some districts of Ankara

Province 61

Yaman, S., Ünay, E., Karakaş, V.

Effects of dietary selenium source, storage time and temperature on

the quality of quail eggs 62

Baylan, M., Canogullari, S., Copur, G., Ayasan, T.

Effects of dietary supplementation of dried distillers grain with

soluble (DDGS) and yucca (Yucca schidigera) on carcass and meat

quality of broilers in finishing period 63

Konca, Y., Sarıözkan, S., Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B., Kara, K.,

Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S., Kaliber, M.

The effect of rations containing different levels of expanded corn on

performance in broilers 64

Çolak, A., Cufadar, Y.

Determination and comparison of element levels in the milk samples

of cow, goat and sheep naturally fed in Turkey 65

Ağyar, O., Özkaya, A., Sucak, M.G., Yilmaz, E.

Does increase immunoglobulins in broiler breeding when added

propolis to the diet? 66

Ozturk, E., Konanç, K., Cifci, A., Sahin, H.A.

Interaction between fattening periods and energy on carcass fat

deposit of Iranian native lambs 67

Karami, M.

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ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH -

Poster presentations

The effects of different feeding system on milk production and milk

composition in dairy cows 69

Awlad, M.E.M.M., Görgülü, M.

Evaporative coolıng systems usage in subtropic climate conditions of

Mediterranean region 70

Önder, D., Mevliyaoğullari, E., Göncü, S., Koluman, N.

The lactation performances and some reproductive traits of heifers

raised in different growth performances 71

Göncü, S., Görgülü, M., Mevliyaoğulları, E.

Assessment of Fasciola hepatica miracidium motility by computer

assisted sperm analyzer 72

Villa-Mancera, A., Reynoso-Palomar, A., Utrera-Quintana, F.,

Hernández-Guzmán, K., Cruz-García, M. Olivares-Pérez, J.,

Carreón-Luna, L.

Animal welfare management in extensive breeding of goats –

legislative and economic view 73

Balieva, G., Otuzbirov, R.

Determination of characteristics and management models of animal

attendants at dairy farms in the central Anatolian region of Turkey 74

Murat, H., Aral, Y., Çevrimli, M.B., Gökdai, A.

Current situation of dairy cattle breeding sector in Thrace Region of

Turkey 75

Çevrimli, M.B., Arikan, M.S., Polat, M., Akin, A.C., Murat, H.

Effects of feed withdrawal stress on blood biochemistry and meat

quality of Japanese quails fed supplemental dietary humic acid 76

Demir, N., Güler, H.C., Kurbal, Ö.F., Babacanoğlu, E.

Effect of feeding system on meat quality and fatty acid profile of

lambs slaughtered at the same age or live weight 77

Karaca, S., Kor, A.

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Effects of wholesaler and consumer conditions on egg quality

parameters in different seasons 78

Yenilmez, F., Uruk, E., Serbester, U., Çelik, L.

Determining the characteristics of reproduction and growth

performance of Morkaraman and Romanov x Morkaraman

crossbreed 79

Turkyilmaz, D., Esenbuga, N.

General situation of laying hen production in Turkey 80

Yenilmez, F., Uruk, E.

Prevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic

rapid test in the feces of diarrheic calves in east and southeast of

Turkey 81

Içen, H., Arserim, N.B., Işık, N., Özkan, C., Kaya, A.

Effect of Dermanyssus gallinae on carcass composition and carcass

nutrient content from whole body analysis in Japanese quails 82

Erdem, H., Akbağ, H.I., Demircan, A., Konyalı, C., Savaş, T.

Determination of Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in relation with

tick infest among sheep in Bursa 83

Coşkun, B., Savaş, T.

The effect of calving season on some milk yield traits and physico-

chemical properties of Anatolian buffaloes 84

Şahin, A., Ulutaş, Z., Yildirim, A., Kul, E., Uğurlutepe, E.

Effects of nutritional and environmental on meat quality

Karami, M. 85

Analysis of official samples of fresh raw milk in the Central

laboratory for milk quality control in Croatia 86

Pintić Pukec, N., Stručić, D., Solić, D., Blažek, D.

GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY - Poster

presentations

Genetic characterization and diversity of Kıvırcık sheep breed raised

in three different locations 88

Yilmaz, O., Cemal, İ., Karaca, O., Ata, N.

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Type-I error rate and test power under normal and various symmetric

distribution in comparison of independent groups 89

Demir, E. Ö., Delialioğlu, R. A., Kocabaş, Z., Başpinar, E.

The comparison of lactation curve with different models in Anatolian

water buffalo 90

Soysal, M.İ., Gürcan, E.K., Aksel, M.

Studies on Turkey new sheep types 91

Kaymakçı, M., Ataç, F.E., Gevrekçi, Y.

Using generalized linear mixed modeling in repeated measures in

animal data and SAS’s GLIMMIX applications 92

Ser, G., Okut, H., Yılmaz, M.C.

Comparison of predictive ability performance of Bayesian

regularization, Levenberg-Marguardt and scaled conjugant gradient

learning algorithms in artificial neural networks 93

Yilmaz, M.C., Ser, G., Okut, H.

Comparison of DNA marker technologies and SNPs applications in

animal breeding programs 94

Gunduz, Z., Yilmaz, O., Cemal, İ., Biçer, O.

Using of mitochondrial DNA in animal genetics 95

Ata, N., Cemal, İ., Yilmaz, O.

Polymorphism of the ABCG2 gene in the Southern Anatolian sheep

population 96

Kiraz, S., Koncagul, S.

Domestication in aquaculture 97

Bozkurt Y.

Comparison of some tests for testing interaction effect in time-course

microarray experiments 98

Tran, N.Q., Kocak, M., Mendeş, M.

A study on the live weight increase on the young Anatolian water

buffoloes according to the months with the profile analysis method 99

Ağyar, O., Üçkardeş, F., Küçükönder, H., Şahin, M.

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Modeling of individual lactation curve of Anatolia water buffalo 100

Ağyar, O., Şahin, M., Dal, B.

Estimation of genetic parameters for somatic cell scores of Holsteins

in Iran 101

Talebi, M.A., Dehghani, A.

Polymorphism of prolactin (PRL) gene in the East Anatolian red

raised as genetic resource in Turkey 102

Sonmez, Z., Ozdemir, M.

Examination of multivariate multiple linear regression analysis 103

Günaşti, N.E., Topal, M.

The relationship between von Willebrand factor gene and von

Willebrand factor antigen levels in dogs 104

Aslan, Ö., Arslan, K., Keleş, İ., Akyüz, B., Ulusan, M., İlgar,

E.G., Akçay, A.

LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND

MARKETING - Poster presentations

Effect of barn and free-range production systems on some growth

traits of geese 106

Boz, M.A., Sarica, M., Yamak, U.S.

Comparison of growth performance and carcass quality of crossbred

and purebred beef calves reared under organic conditions 107

Çakmakçı, C., Jørgensen, K.F., Kristensen, T., Kargo, M.,

Vestergaard, M.

The effect of pre-slaughter stress on beef quality: incidence of DFD 108

Çakmakçi, C., Karaca, S.

Impact of recent socio-political conflicts over the prices of

agricultural products in Central African Republic 109

Kingueleoua, K.K.C., Canyurt, M.A., Kengeueleoua, A.K.

Evaluation of site selection criteria in livestock farm with Analytic

Hierarchy Process 110

Kurc, H.C., Kocaman, I.

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Effects of breeder age on egg characteristics, incubation length and

chick development 111

Babacanoğlu, E.

REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY -

Poster presentations

Changes in body weight, body fat, lipid profile and proinflammatory

markers in rats after administration of sucrose and aspartame 113

Sandeva, R., Sandeva, G., Tsoneva, V., Nancheva-Koleva, K.,

Mihaylova, S.

Haematological parameters in Alpine goats during pregnancy 114

Antunović, Z., Novoselec, J., Domaćinović M., Đidara, M., Klir

Ž.

Some reproductive traits in Turkey domestic sheep breeds 115

Ataç, F.E., Kaymakçi, M., Arsoy, D., Üstener, H.

Sexual behaviors and testosterone levels of Saanen x Hair goat

crossbred bucks 116

Karaca,S., Yılmaz, A.

The viability and cell-cycle synchronization of sheep adult fresh and

frozen muscle and fibroblast cells; effects of confluency, roscovitine

and serum starvation 117

Arat, S., Eren, A., Tuna, M., Bircan, R.

TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY -

Poster presentations

Proximate and mineral profile of snail meat (Helix lucorum) from

Trakia Valley in Bulgaria 119

Zapryanova, D., Ivanov, V., Cagiltay, F., Ekim, O., Dospatliev, L.

Effect of the stocking density on the hydrochemical parameters and

growth of Angel fish (Pterophyllum skalare) 120

Atanasoff, A., Nikolov, G., Bozakova, N., Cagiltay, F., Secer, F.S.,

Ekim, O.

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Factors affecting days open in Holstein dairy cattle in conventional

and organic husbandry 121

Šoškić, T., Štrbac, Lj., Janković, D., Trivunović, S., Plavšić, M.,

Šaran, M.

The future of robotic dairy farming in Turkey 122

Önenç, A., Gönülol, E., Şimşek, Ş.

The design and manufacture of variable capacity type vacuum

packaging machine silage 123

Tan, F.

Evaluation of bovine teat condition and cleanliness scoring systems 124

Onal, A.R., Tuna, Y.T., Yarar, E., Ozder, M.

Compost bedded pack dairy barns 125

Onal, A.R.,Tuna, Y.T., Koycu, E., Ozder, M.

The effects of different breeding systems on morphological traits of

Anatolian water buffalo 126

Tuna, Y.T., Onal, A.R., Yaman, S., Ozder, M.

NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES AND

RURAL DEVELOPMENT - Poster presentations

A year-long study on the disinfection of drinking water supplied to

rural areas in Stara Zagora Municipality, Bulgaria 128

Sandev, N., Sandeva, G., Deliradeva, R., Gidikova, P.,

Platikanova, M.

Some yield features of Anatolian water buffaloes grown people's

hand in Diyarbakir province 129

Han, Y., Tez, Ş., İpek, P., Vural, M.E., Karataş, A., Keskin, B.,

Bakır,G.

Some yield features of Zom sheep grown people's hand in Diyarbakir

province 130

Tez, Ş., Han, Y., İpek, P., Vural, M.E.

Milk yield and some udder traits at reared In situ - In vivocondition

in Karakul sheep 131

Erol, H., Unal, N.

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Textıle potential of down fibers of indigenous goats in Turkey 132

Göktepe, F., Cilveli, G., Soysal, İ., Gök, B., Vural, M.E.

Morphological characteristics of Zom sheep 133

Akça, N., Koncagül, S., Vural, M.E., Karataş, A., Bingöl, M.

Determination of wool traits and wool lanolin content in

Morkaraman and Hemşin sheep grown extensively 134

Sezgin, E., Yüksel, S., Kopuzlu, S., Keskin, M., Karaçuhalilar, A.,

Ünal, M.,Esenbuğa, N., Bilgin, Ö.C.

Exterior characteristics indigenous Busha cattle breed in Bosnia and

Herzegovina 135

Brka, M., Dokso, A., Zecevic, E., Rustempasic, A.

ANIMAL NUTRITION - Poster presentations

Classification of forage quality: Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) and

Relative Feed Value (RFV) 137

Güney, M., Bingöl, N.T., Aksu, T.

The effect of clove oil supplementation to wheat straw on cell wall

components 138

Özelçam, H., Özüretmen, S., İpçak, H. H., Dereboylu, A.

The effects of feeding by different level of organic selenium on

progeny during late gestation of Norduz ewes 139

Erdoğan, S., Karadaş, F., Yılmaz, A., Karaca, S.

The effects of in ovo injection lysine and methionine to fertile broiler

eggs on hatchability, growth performance, gastro intestinal tract

development, gut microbiota and ileal histomorphology 140

Erener, G., Coskun, I., Akkan, A.

The effects of bioactive secondary plant metabolites supplementation

to broiler chickens diets on some blood parameters 141

İpçak, H. H., Alçiçek, A.

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Usage of cumin in animal nutrition 142

Soycan-Önenç, S., Turan, A.

The effect of zinc oxide supplementation in rations on fattening

performance of weaning lambs 143

Sariçiçek, B.Z.

The effects on fattening performance of using in lambs rations of

different boron sources 144

Sariçiçek, B.Z., Yildirim, B., Boğa, M.

Some fattening and slaughter charecteristics of Dağliç, Hasak x

Dağliç (F1), and Hasmer x Dağliç (F1) 145

Canatan, T., Kan, M., Akbulut, K., Halici, İ., Doğan, Ş., Tekik,

H., Dağ, B.

The effects of lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation,

aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestibility of sunflower

silages 146

Özdüven, M.L., Tepeli, C., Okuyucu, B.

Nutrient and metabolic energy content of different originated milk

thistle grown under Izmir conditions 147

Basmacioğlu-Malayoğlu, H., Ipcak, H.H., Ajalli, S.,

Taghiloofar, A.H.

Effect of different dietary supplemented oils on growth

characteristics of broiler chickens 148

Cengic-Dzomba, S., Muratovic, S., Dzomba, E., Hadzic, Dz.

New alternative protein source ın poultry nutrition: Insects 149

Özcan, M.A.

The effect of feeding different milk programs on dairy calf growth,

health and development 150

Yavuz, E., Todorov, N., Ganchev, G., Nedelkov, K.

Effect of physical form of starter feed on intake, growth rate,

behavior, and health status of female dairy calves 151

Yavuz, E., Todorov, N., Ganchev, G., Nedelkov, K.

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Comparison of different protein sources in ration for dairy cows 152

Yildiz, E., Todorov, N., Nedelkov, K.

Comparison of rations for dairy cows with soybean meal or with

rapeseed meal in which the main source of protein is sunflower meal 153

Yildiz, E., Todorov, N., Nedelkov, K.

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INVITED PAPERS

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Application of biochemical and molecular tools in animal science: Case

studies on marker assisted selection, evolutionary studies, identification

of animal products and gene expression

Popovski, Z.T.1, Dimitrievska, B.R.

1

1Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences - Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

Summary

The further development of animal production and reproduction can not be

imagined without systematic application of modern molecular and

biochemical tools. The Department for Biochemistry and Genetic

Engineeringin the frame of The Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science in

Skopje in last 15 years is permanently implementing techniques for marker

assisted selection, biodiversity studies, identification of animal products and

gene expression in different animal models. Marker assisted selection (MAS)

was systematically applied in different branches of livestock production

threw the characterization of polymorphisms in the following genes: in cattle

breeding κ-casein gene and BLAD factor, in swine breeding RYR-1 gene,

and in sheep breeding αS1-casein, screpie resistance and β-lactoglobulin

genes. Biodiversity studies on molecular level were performed using DNA

microsatellites in determination of genetic distance among autochthonic

breeds and strains of sheep in Macedonia and wider on Balkan peninsula. The

identification of meat and dairy products origins and gender identification in

fish was done using protein profiling. Gene expression in muscle growth

development was studying on different growth factors and inhibitors at RNA

level. Most of the DNA analyses are PCR based, while protein analyses were

done using different electrophoretic techniques. Marker genes were mostly

characterized with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP), and

some of them using DNA sequencing. DNA microsatellites or Short Tandem

Repeats (STR) were determined by fragment analysis and DNA sequencing.

Protein profiling of animal products and gender identification in fish plasma

samples were done using SDS and native urea PAGE. Muscle growth

development was investigated by determination of RNA/DNA ratio and

Reverse transcription PCR analysis of different genes involved in producing

of muscle mass. This presentation includes case studies on more than 3.000

animal samples analysed in the Laboratory for biochemistry and molecular

biology at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food in Skopje.

Key words: DNA, protein, methods, animal, science

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

21

Opportunities for development of Bulgarian livestock breeding within

the context of the European Framework Programme for Research and

Innovation „Horizon 2020“

Slavov, R.1, Stankov, I.

1, Georgieva, S.

1, Mihaylova, G.

1, Panayotov, M.

1,

Radev, V.1

1Faculty of Agriculture at Trakia University, town of Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

Summary

Favourable weather conditions and natural resources, along with the established

traditions throughout the centuries, are at the heart of opportunities for the development

of Bulgarian livestock breeding.

There is continuous strive to improve the organization of production processes in

livestock breeding and the introduction of innovative technological solutions.

The state policy of Bulgaria in the field of livestock breeding is aimed at creating

conditions for sustainable development of the sub-sector, by establishing consolidated,

efficient farms while maintaining small and medium-sized farms.

For the sustainable livestock development in Bulgaria in the period 2014-2020 the

following priorities can be outlined: a balanced sectoral and structural development of

the agricultural sector; consolidation of land ownership; support for the development of

organic production in livestock breeding; increasing the competitiveness of animal farms

and the processing industries; achieving a fair and stable level of income for producers

in the livestock sector; technological innovation, modernization of infrastructure and

implementing innovations in farming practices; encouraging the transfer of knowledge

and innovations in the field of livestock production; improving education and

qualification of employees in livestock breeding; development of the system for

dissemination of knowledge and advisory services; integrating producers of animal

products in the food chain; diversification of animal products in the food industry and

the growth of value-added products; sustainable development and management of the

sector "Fisheries and Aquaculture".

Especially important for the development of the overall research and innovation

(including in the sphere of livestock breeding), there will be a European framework

programme for research and innovation "Horizon 2020".

More productive, environmentally friendly, resource-efficient and sustainable farming

and livestock systems will be assisted that supply sufficient food, forage, biomass and

other raw materials, while preserving biodiversity and supporting the development of

rural communities.

Multidisciplinary approaches to improve the productivity of animals and organic

livestock breeding, genetic improvement of animals in terms of their adaptation, health

and productive characteristics, as well as conservation and better use of genetic

resources will be encouraged.

Keywords: livestock breeding, sustainable systems in livestock breeding, genetic resources, organic livestock breeding, "Horizon 2020"

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

22

Heritability of dairy traits in the first three lactations of black and white

dairy cows

Đedović, R.1*, Bogdanović, V.

1, Stanojević, D.

1, Brka, M.

2, Stojić, P.

3,

Jakovljević, G.4

1Institute for zootechniques, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture,

2Institute for zootechniques, University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture

and Food Sciences, 3Institute PKB Agrieconomic, Belgrade- Padinska Skela,

4Livestock Veterinary Center, Velika Plana

Summary

Modern trends in improving dairy cattle comprise a number of data

significant for improving their breeding and genetic performances. The most

important parameters in that respect are the coefficients of heritability of

dairy traits which are directly dependent upon breeding stock average and

variance as well as upon the size and production level of the herd.

Phenotypic and genetic variabilities of milk yield and the content and yield of

milk fat were examined on the sample of 17505 first three concluded

lactations in Black and White cows, originating from 7 farms of the

Agricultural Corporation of Belgrade, improved by Holstein-Friesian breed

and daughters of 62 bull-sires.

Phenotypic and genetic variabilities were determined by the means of a

mixed model (LSMLMW), Harvey (1990). Heritabilities of milk yield were

low: 0.151, 0.160 and 0.108 (from I to III lactation). Values of heritability

coefficients for the yield of milk fat per lactations were also low and had

following values: 0.111, 0.146 and 0.120, respectively. Estimated genetic

variability of dairy traits will contribute to a more reliable estimation of cows

breeding values, as well as to creating further procedures on genetic

improvement of milk production in examined population.

Key words: heritability, dairy traits, Black and White cows

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

23

ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH

and

NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES AND

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Oral presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

24

Relationship between milk insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)

concentration and body condition score with reproductive performance

and milk yield in Jersey cows

Kul, E.1*

, Erdem, H.2

1Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science, Kırşehir, Turkey, 2Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of

Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey,

*ertugrul.kul@ahievran.edu.tr

Summary

This study was conducted to investigate the relationships between milk

insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration and body condition score

(BCS) with reproduction performance and milk yield of 166 Jersey cows

raised at the Karakoy State Farm in Samsun. The mean milk IGF-I

concentration and BCS were calculated by taking the mean of the three

lactation periods (70±14, 140±14, and 210±14 days) using the repeated

measures analyses procedure. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

(ELISA) method was applied for milk IGF-I analyses. BCS was assessed

using a scale of 1 to 5 points.

The effects of mean IGF-I concentrations on interval calving to first service

(ICFS) (0.041), calving interval (CL) (0.042), and the dry period (DP)

(0.030) were found to be significant. Significant correlations were also

determined between mean IGF-I and ICFS (-0.184), CL (-0.183), or lactation

length (LL) (-0.155), and ICFS, CL, and LL were found to be shorter in cows

with higher IGF-I. Both reproduction and milk yield traits were not affected

by BCS.

The results of the study revealed that milk IGF-I concentration may be used

as a parameter to detect reproduction characteristics of dairy cows.

Project Number: PYO-ZRT-4010.15.009

(Acknowledgement: This research are summarized from Ph.D. thesis of the

first author)

Key words: Jersey cow, insulin-like growth factor-I, body condition score,

milk yield, reproductive performance

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

25

Comparison of different models for milk fat and protein content curves

in goats

Coskun, F.1, Sahin, A.

1, Kul, E.

1, Ugurlutepe, E.

1

1Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science, 40100 Kirsehir, Turkey

Summary

The aim of this study was to determine a more reliable model that describes

the shape of lactation curve regarding fat and protein content in goat milk.

Researh data were collected from fat and protein records corresponding four

lactation periods of 16 Saanen crossbred and 27 Damascus crossbred goat

raised in Kirsehir province in 2014. The models used for this research were

Wood, Quadratic and Exponential model. According to the Wood model,

meansquare error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) value for fat

and protein contents in Damascus crossbred goats were found as 0.216 and

0.62; 0.036 and 0.60, respectively. In Saanen crossbred goats, MSE and R2

were found as 0.046 and 0.94 for fat content, 0.040 and 0.64 for protein

content. Average MSE and R2values for fat content of both breeds were

calculated as 0.151 and 0.72, also 0.036 and 0.64 for protein content. As a

result of this study, it can be suggested that wood model was more reliable

model to estimate milk fat and protein content according to the curve of

lactation in Goats.

Key words: Goat milk, lactation curves, wood model, milk composition.

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

26

A novel approach in broiler housing and management: Slat floor housing

and on-farm hatching

Petek, M.1, Cavusoglu, E.

1, Topal, E.

1, Abdourhamane, I. M.

1

1Department of Zootechnics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of

Uludag, Bursa, Turkey

Summary

Cage and slat floor housing of broiler chicken was not as popular as deep-

litter floor system, because of the problems like carcass quality, lameness and

higher initial investment. Birds raised in litter-based systems are able to

express more of their natural behaviour. But poor litter quality and related

problems in deep litter housing system has been criticized for the animal

welfare in broiler production. As a result of this, cage housing is becoming

more popular because of the health and welfare problems of the birds and

high litter cost in deep-litter housing systems. Similar to battery cages for the

laying hens, cages for broiler present a number of welfare concerns. Because

of the poor welfare and initial investment disadvantages of cage system, slat

flooring seems more feasible and animal friendly for broiler meat production.

In the same time slat flooring system gives the birds more total space and

greater opportunity for exercise compared to cage system. Chick quality is

one of the main factors for the successful broiler production. There are lots of

factor affecting chick quality such as hatchery condition, first week nutrition,

time to access to water and feed. It was reported that a new system has been

developed allowing for on-farm hatching of broiler chicks. On-farm hatching

of chicks can positively impact the health and production of the broiler

during its whole lifespan. This new system to broiler production eliminates

transport stress of day-old chicks and related problems such as cold and

dehydration. In the same time it enables the broiler chicks to access feed and

water directly without delaying.

Key words: Broiler, slat floor housing, on- farm hatching

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

27

Applicability of non-feed removal molting programs instead of

conventional feed withdrawal method in brown layer hens

Sariozkan, S.1, Kara, K.

2, Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B.

2

1Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of

Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University Kayseri, Turkey, 2Department of

Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

Summary

This study aimed to compare the applicability of non-feed removal (NFR)

programs by using alfalfa meal and barley grain in molting of brown laying

hens (Hy-Line) instead of conventional feed withdrawal in terms of

performance, egg quality and profitability. Totally 240 Hy-Line brown, (age,

75wk) laying hens were randomly divided into three groups as conventional

feed withdrawal (CONV, 10 days no feed + 11-28 days barley grain + 29-105

days commercial feed), alfalfa meal (A+F, 10 days alfalfa meal + 11-105

days commercial feed) and barley grain (B+F, 10 days barley grain + 11-105

days commercial feed), and each containing 80 hens with 20 replicates (4

hens x 20 replicates = 80 hens). After 10 d of molting, the lowest BW loss

(20.01%) was found in the (B+F) method (p<0.01). Onset of egg production

days were significantly different between groups (p<0.001) and hens of NFR

groups (A+F and B+F) were reached 50% egg production earlier than CONV

group (p<0.05). Most of the performance (average egg production, daily feed

intake, feed efficiency and mortality rate) and external egg quality parameters

(egg weight, specific gravity, shell thickness and brekage) of A+F and B+F

programs were similar with conventional one (p>0.05). Haugh unit of CONV

group was better than NFR groups, however, A+F and B+F programs

improved egg yolk color (p<0.001). Despite higher feed cost of NFR

programs, egg income and profit was better than CONV group (p<0.001). In

conclusion, molting with alfalfa meal and barley grain may use as an

alternative without negative effects on most of the performance and quality

parameters, even more higher income and profitability.

Key words: alfalfa, barley, , molting, performance, profit, quality

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

28

The effects of initial chick weight and dietary symbiotic supplementation

on growth performance, gastro intestinal tract development, ileal

histomorphology and caecal pathogen microorganism in broiler chickens

Coskun, I.1, Tat, M.

2, Filik, G.

3, Altop, A.

1, Şahin, A.

1, Erener, G.

1,

Şamli, H.E.4

1Ahi Evran University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science,

2Ahi Evran University: Medicine Faculty, Pathology Department,

3Ahi Evran

University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 4Namik Kemal University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal

Science

Summary

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different chick weights

and dietary symbiotic supplementation on growth performance, digestive

tract development, ileal histomorphology, caecal E coli, coliform,

enterobactericaea count. Mannanoligosaccaride and Saccharomyces

cerevisiae mix used as symbiotic. In this research 2X2 factorial arrangement

was used. Two body weight group (L= Light and H= Heavy chicks) and two

feeds B= basal diet and S= 0,2% Symbiotic suplemented diet. Each treatment

group had 3 repplicate and 10 chicks for per replicate. Trial lasted for 21

days. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio kg feed/g gain)

recorded weekly. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio,

digestive tract development were not affected by treatments. Symbiotic

supplementation increased villi length. Symbiotic supplementation decreased

pathogenic microorganisms in caeca irrespective to the live weights of

chicks. Symbiotic supplementation increased livability in light chicks. To

conclude, symbiotic supplementation can be used to improve villi

morphology and to stress pathogenic microorganisms in caeca.

Project Number : PYO-ZRT-4010.15.011

Key words: Broiler chicks, feed additive, symbiotic, performance

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

29

Determination of muscle fiber types of native sheep breeds in Turkey

Şirin, E.1, Ulutaş, Z.

2, Aksoy, Y.

3, Önenç, A.

4, Ensoy, U.

5, Uğurlu, M.

6,

Kuran, M.7

1Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agrıcultural

Bıotechnology, 40100 Kırşehir, Turkey, 2Nigde University, Faculty of

Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Department of Animal Production

and Technologies, 51240 Nigde, Turkey, 3Gaziosmanpasa University,

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 60250, Tokat,

Turkey, 4Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Animal Science, 59000 Tekirdağ, Turkey, 5Gaziosmanpasa University,

Faculty of Naturel Science and Engineering, Department of Food

Engineering, 60250 Tokat, Turkey, 6Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of

Veterinary, Department of Animal Breeding of Husbandry, 55200 Samsun,

Turkey, 7Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Agrıcultural Biotechnology, 55139 Samsun, Turkey

Summary

At this work determined muscle fiber types of native sheep breeds (Orta

Anadolu Merino, Akkaraman, Awassi, Kıvırcık, Karayaka and Morkaraman)

in Turkey. Semitendinosus (ST), Longissimus Dorsi (LD) muscles were

excised from the right side of the carcasses for histochemical analysis of

muscle fibres. These samples were stored -80 0C until histochemical analysis

of muscle fibres. Contractile type (Type I, IIA and IIB) of muscle fibres in

LD and ST muscle were determined using myosin ATPase staining technique

described by Brooke and Kaiser (1970) with some modifications. This study

was determined total number, area and ratio of muscle fires types. There were

significant differences between ratio of Type IIB fibres in LD muscles.

(P<0.05).The ratio of Type IIB fibres in LD muscles were determined 41.31,

61.81, 56.59, 62.50, 62.09 and 46.10 %, respictively.

Key words: Sheep, Longissimus Dorsi, Semitendinosus, Histochemical,

Muslu Fibre Type

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

30

A short review: Large carnivore damage pressure on livestock in

European countries

Yilmaz, O.1*

, Coskun, F.2, Ertugrul, M.

3

1Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Animal Science, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey, *Correspondence:

zileliorhan@gmail.com, 2Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agriculture,

Department of Animal Science, 40100, Canakkale, Turkey, 3Ankara

University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 06110,

Ankara, Turkey

Summary

In this paper large carnivores were reviewed under damage pressure on

livestock animals in European countries. In Europe livestock animals were

decreased after industry revolution because of mechanization and

industrialization. Ungulates were ignored as transport or pack animals. Small

ruminants were decreased because lesser importance of wool and hair

additional grazing areas were decreased because of using those areas as field,

industrial or human buildings. Water buffalo populations were also decreased

for several reasons. In ancient times majority of people were farmers but

nowadays farmers are minority almost in all developed countries. Because of

those reasons while pastoral areas were decreasing, urban areas were

increased which caused smaller living areas for wild animals. Besides that

developed gun industry facilitated killing wild animals for hunting or other

reason. In most of European countries, large carnivores have been decreased

because of those reasons. Farmers tend to raise animals from extensive

systems to intensive systems in order to get more yield by giving less feed or

spend less money. All those reasons push farmers for intensive farming

systems.

Key words: Predator, bear, lynx, wolf, wolverine

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

31

GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY

Oral presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

32

Milk yield of different genotype goats

Erduran, H.1, Dağ, B.

2

1Bahri Dağdaş International Agricultural Research, Konya, Turkey,

2Selçuk University, Faculty of Agricultural, Department of Animal Science,

Konya, Turkey, *Correspondence: herduran42@hotmail.com

Summary

This study was conducted to compare milk yield traits of and indigenous Hair

(Kıl) goats Saanen x Hair F1 goats and Alpine x Hair F1 goats that raised in a

private farm in Konya under semi intensive conditions.

The effects of factors such as genotype and age on lactation of goats were

evaluated. Means of the values showed that lactation milk yield were 185.9,

303.3 and 271.8 kg and lactation length were 215.6, 228.6 and 228.5 days

for pure Hair goats, Alpine x Hair F1 genotypes, and Saanen x Hair F1

genotypes respectively. The effect of genotype and age on lactation milk

yield (P<0.001) and lactation length (P<0.01) were significant.

Lactation milk yield and lactation length were ranged from 129.9 to 312.5 kg,

from 219.2 to 449.4 kg, from 211.9 to 388.2 kg and from 181 to 248 days,

from 207 to 250 days and from 200 to 249 days of the pure Hair goats,

Saanen x Hair F1, and Alpine x Hair F1 goats goats respectively.

It can be said that, milk production values of pure Hair goats can be increased

by crossbreeding Saanen and Alpin.

*This study was supported by TUBİTAK (The Scıentıfıc And Technologıcal

Research Councıl Of Turkey,Project No: 213O292).

Key words: Hair (Kıl) goat, Saanen, Alpine, milk yield, semi intensive

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

33

The effect of DGAT1 on milk production traits in Turkish Holstein and

Jersey cattle breeds

Çobanoğlu, Ö.1, Gürcan, E.K.

2, Çankaya, S.

3, Kul, E.

4, Abaci, S.H.

5,

Ülker, M.6

1Uludag University, Faculty of Veterinary-Medicine, Department of

Genetics, Bursa, Turkey; 2Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture,

Department of Animal Science, Tekirdag, Turkey; 3Ordu University, Faculty

of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ordu, Turkey; 4Ahi Evran

University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Kırşehir,

Turkey; 5Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey; 6Ataturk University, Faculty of

Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Erzurum, Turkey

Summary

This research has been carried out to determine the effect of a Acyl-

coAdiacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) on milk yield and milk

component traits in Turkish Holstein and Jersey breed cows raised in the

commercial farms located in Black-Sea regions of Turkey. Milk samples

were recorded as the test day milk yield and adjusted based 305–day milk and

also milk fat and protein contents were analyzed by MilkoScan FT1 milk

analyzer. DNA was isolated from about 156 Holstein and 272 Jersey cows.

411 bp fragment in DGAT1 gene was amplified and the animals were

genotyped by using RFLP-PCR technique. The allele and genotypic

frequencies of EaeI gene polymorphism were calculated. The possible

association were also evaluated between the DGAT1 genotypes and dairy

traits. Three DGAT1 SNP genotypes (KK, KA, and AA) were identified at

position of 232th

amino acid located in untranslated region of the gene. As a

result, the genotypic frequencies of KK were much higher than others in two

populations. Particularly the KK allele coding lysine appeared to be favorable

for fat percentage of the milk in both breeds (P<0.01). On the other hand, test

day milk yield was much higher in Jersey cows carrying the KA allele

(P<0.01). Therefore, it is better to determine reasonable selective objective to

improve herd production level based on economical aspect.

This study was part of the project supported by Tubitak; Project # 110 O 821.

Key words: DGAT1, Turkish Holstein, Jersey, Polymorphism, Milk

production

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

34

Molecular genetic application in animal nutrition: Nutrigenomics

Işık, R.1, Bilgen, G.

2, Ipçak, H.H.

2, Alçiçek, A.

2

1Ege University, Graduate School of Natural And Applied Science,

Department of Biotechnology, İzmir, Turkey; 2Ege University, Faculty of

Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, İzmir, Turkey

Summary

New applications have been developed in animal nutrition area with the

advances of molecular genetics. One of these applications is nutrigenomic

science which is among the most discussed and attention. Nutrigenomics or

nutritional genomics explain how dietary components (protein, carbohydrate,

lipid, mineral, vitamin) regulate gene expression and interaction between

genes-gene products with nutrients. In addition, genomics, proteomics,

transcriptomics, and bioinformatics seek to understand the basic role of

specific genes through pathway. Nutrigenomics have revealed new

information on relationship between the genetic structure and ingredient

quality, digestibility, absorption of nutrients, immune system in animal

nutrition. Nutrigenomic applications optimize to reducing high costs of farm

animals feed inputs for healthy and profitable farming. In this review, it has

been aimed to give information about applications of nutrigenomic studies on

farm animals.

Key words: Nutrigenomics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, animal

nutrition

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

35

Comparison of fattening performance of fat tailed and thin tailed sheep

breeds

Karabacak, A.1, Boztepe, S.

1

1Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of

Selcuk, 42075, Konya, Turkey

Summary

This research was carried out to compare fattening performance of fat-tailed

Akkaraman and Daglic and thin tailed Kivircik and Karacabey Merino and

half fat tailed Malya sheep breeds. In this research, a total of 50 lambs were

used and each genotype group consisted of about 2 ½ months-old 10 male

lambs whose beginning live weight averaged 20 kg. They were fed up with

ad libitum concentrated feed and given 150 g alfalfa to each animal for a

fattening period of 68 days.

Feed conversion ratios were found as follows; 4.31, 5.25, 5.33, 4.53, 4.34 and

total feed consumption rates were; 86.6, 81.3, 79.9, 90.1 and 85.7 kg for

Akkaraman, Daglic, Kivircik Malya and Merino respectively. Daily live

weight gains were 304, 234, 211, 303, 279 g respectively. There were

significant differences between groups in respect of daily live weight gains

(p<0.05) and feed consumption rates (p<0.01). Whereas there is no

significant difference in feed conversion ratios.

Key words: Sheep breeds, fat-tailed, thin-tailed, fattening performance

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

36

Quantitative trait loci of reproductive trait in cattle

Das, H.1, Paksoy, Z.

1

1Gumushane University, Vocational High school, Department of Veterinary

29100, Gumushane, Turkey

Summary

Reproduction in the living organism covers complicated processes. In view of

one aspect, It is include many of protein and gene network stretching arms to

each other. In point of one another, ıt is long chain connected to each other.

Problem that could occur between links makes whole chain useless.

Reproduction is also the core of works of livestock breeding. Most

emphasized characters are yield, health and reproduction traits. Despite the

disadvantages such as long generation interval and high breeding cost there

are many QTL research in cattle. The characters having middle and high

heritability can be used for MAS. The purpose of this article is to review

quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with reproduction trait in cattle. It was

introduced reproductive trait and illustrated some examples of researches and

found results. In addition to this, markers and methods used for QTL

determination were introduced briefly.

Key words: Cattle, Reproduction, QTL, Reproductive traits

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

37

Why so many correlation coefficients?

Şan, A.1, Mirtagioğlu, H.

2, Mendeş, M.

1

1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Animal Science, Biometry and Genetics Unit, Çanakkale-Turkey, 2Yüzüncüyıl University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science, Biometry and Genetics Unit, Van-Turkey

Summary

In practice, researchers are often interested in investigating the linear

association between two variables. Such data can be obtained as continuous,

interval, ratio, categorical, nominal, ordinal, binary etc., depending on the

purpose the research. Thus, the appropriate statistical test to be used for

determining linear relationship between two variables varies depending on

the measurement level of the variables of interest. There are many different

correlation coefficients including Pearson-Moment, Sprearman-Rank,

Kendall-Tau, Winsorized, Permutation-based, Tetrachoric, Biserial, Point

Biserial, Concordence, Kendall Concordence Corelation coefficients. In this

study, first of all we defined each of these correlation coefficients along with

an example to demonstrate when could we use and how did we to compute

these correlation coefficients . Then we shared some simulation results

comparing the relative performance (Type I error rate and test power) of the

most commonly used correlation coefficients under different experimental

conditions.

Key words: correlation, simulation, type I error rate, test power

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

38

LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND

MARKETING

Oral presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

39

Animal husbandry at Cukurova Delta biosphere reserve area in the

Mediterranean coast of Turkey

Koluman, N.1, Göncü, S.

1, Gültekin, U.

1, Mevliyaoğulları, E.

1

1Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Animal Science Department,

Adana, Turkey

Summary

The Çukurova Delta is an internationally important coastal strip ecosystem

and situated in the southeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in Adana

Province, Turkey. The Delta encloses an area about 5000 km² with 110 km

coastal strip, including Turkey’s largest natural sand dune ecosystems. The

Delta is the largest coastal river basin in Turkey and created by the sediments

from Berdan, Seyhan and Ceyhan Rivers. These complex ecosystems contain

valuable habitats not only for water birds but also for many other living

organisms; therefore, the Delta has an outstanding biological diversity

including a large number habitats and species listed in Bern Convention. The

problems indicated particularly derive from the conflicts between the

biodiversity conservation and development in the region. Hence, the Delta

was designated as a biosphere reserve to contribute to the biodiversity

conservation and creation of alternative economic incentives (e.g. ecotourism

and organic agriculture) for the rural poor and marginalized groups (e.g.

people with least access to farmland) to lift their lives out of poverty in the

region. Considering this point of view, animal husbandry potential of the

Çukurova Delta was investigated to assist the long term conservation of the

biological diversity and sustainable use of natural resources; to minimize

negative impacts on the natural resources and socio-cultural environment; to

increase awareness towards the conservation of biological diversity, natural

resources and environment are examined in this paper. Animal production is

one of the main income resources of the habitants. Both intensive and

extensive production systems have been conducted for animal production in

the region. Animal production is based on keeping animal at natural area and

using natural resources. In this paper, the general structure of animal

husbandry, sustainability, health problems and economical analyses will be

discussed.

Key words: Çukurova, Mediterranean, Biosphere, sustainability, animal,

technical environmental and economical analyses.

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

40

The structure of dairy cattle farms of Pozantı county, problems and

alternative approach

Pirinççi, E.1, Göncü, S.

1, Bostan Budak, D.

1, Mevliyaoğulları, E.

1

1Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Animal Science Department,

Adana, Turkey

Summary

In this study, the overall situation of enterprises dealing with dairy cattle

operations in Pozantı county, milk production system, business structural

conditions, to reveal the organizational structure with milk sales and

marketing situations, focused on the business of the activity status. In

addition, determining the problems faced by businesses, solutions to these

problems will be presented. According to the 2011 census, the population is

20.147 people live in the rural part of the city is that 9,886 people 10.281

people. Town Centre which was established on the outskirts of Central

Taurus altitude is 778.4 m. Karaisalı East, West Ulukışla, is adjacent to and

north of Tarsus Çamardı District in the South. Çakıt of a branch of the

Seyhan River, passes through the reed afraid of Valley Stream. Surface area

of 772 km2. Although the Pozantı economy based on agriculture, forestry and

mining labor, relocation and livelihood are among the few people though

trade. Including as a small family business field, orchard, garden and

livestock cultivation is done. Extensive conditions in the livestock sector 1-5

heading to the breeding is done usually in the form of indigenous breeds.

Dairy farming as the main material in the work of the township constitutes. In

the survey, many data will presented farm, farmer, animal information, barn,

record system, cooperation between the farmers, production system and also

marketing will be given to issues. The data with the results of this study

mountainous regions, consumers, policy makers and will be provided an

important source of information for effective use.

Key words: Pozantı, Dairy, surveys, barn structure and solutions

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

41

Small ruminant breeding strategy and infrastructure of sheep and goat

breeder association of Turkey

Daskiran, I.1*

, Koluman, N.2, Ayhan, V.

3, Konyalı, A.

4 , Savaş, T.

5

1*Min.of Food, Agriculture&Livestock, Gen.Direct.Agri. Research&Policies,

Ankara, Turkey, 2Cukurova University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dep.Anim.

Sci., Adana, Turkey, 3Sheep and Goat Breeders Associations of Turkey,

Ankara, Turkey, 4COM.University, Faculty ofAgriculture, Ç.Kale, Turkey,

5COM.University, Faculty of Agriculture, Ç.Kale, Turkey

Summary

Small ruminant sector of Turkey is playing important economic role in

medium input production systems and also to preserve important components

of cultural heritage or typical landscapes for centuries.

Small Ruminant sector (Sheep and Goat production) of Turkey have about 32

million sheep and 10 million goats and Turkey is first statue in Europe in

trems of goat population and second statue is in termes of sheep population

after United Kingdom. Due to various climatic, vegetational and geographical

conditions, production systems (intensive, semi intensive, extensive, nomadic

etc.) exist in Turkey and private sector investment has been increased in

sheep and goat production sector as intensive and semi intensive systems in

last ten years.

In addition to all of positive development the main problems of small

ruminant sector are concentrate on the production on fix term period, lack of

small ruminant production policies and breeding strategies for Sheep and

goats, lack of regular market prices/strategies, goat products are producing in

improper conditions. Small ruminant sector has been motivating for five

years by goverment with national small ruminant project and breeder

associatios are taking role in this project.

In recent years, the growing interest of the private sector as well as the state

of sheep&goat farming subsidy program that of takes place in the small

ruminant livestock is in pleasing situation. In this presentation present

structure of the Turkish small ruminant sector and main sheep and goat

breeder association infrastructure, faced problems, future perspectives and

strategies will be discussed.

Key words: Turkey, small ruminant, sheep and goat, breeder associations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

42

Proposals for development strategies of livestock sector in Central

African Republic

Kingueleoua, K.K.C.1, Canyurt, M.A.

2

1Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir,

Turkey, 2Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey,

*Corresponding author: karlking07@yahoo.fr

Summary

The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country with no access

to the sea and a total area of 622,980 km2. According to the General Census

(2009), CAR's current population is estimated at about 5 million. 56% of

Central Africans live in rural areas. The Central African economy is

essentially based on agriculture (55%). Agricultural production and livestock

systems are identified, from north to south, by the dominant bioclimatic

conditions in such manner as cropping systems are highly dependent on

rainfall. Climate variability and weather events therefore have a direct impact

on agro pastoral production. The livestock sector in Central African Republic

consists mainly of cattle, and to a lesser extent of sheep, goats, pigs and

poultry. It is estimated that nearly 300 000 cattle are marketed each year

including 250 000 cattle consumed within the country and 50,000 cattle

exported abroad. Beef is particularly appreciated by the population. It’s the

major source of animal protein in CAR and is involved in the composition of

many dishes. An ordinary citizen eats beef about 3 to 4 days at least a week.

This meat is consumed in several forms: cooked, fried, stewed, dried,

smoked... The annual per capita consumption over the whole territory is

about 17 kg and over 30 kg in the capital Bangui. Unfortunately, recent

socio-political troubles have destroyed this balance. These disorders have

caused the fall of the national herd of almost half of its headcount before the

conflict. It is therefore necessary to find and to invent new strategies to –(i)-

meet the needs of the constantly growing population –(ii)- to develop this

sector which is a potential source of foreign exchange for the country and –

(iii)- to preserve the gene pool that is in danger today. These are the

objectives referred to in this article.

Key words: livestock, cattle

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

43

Alternative livestock production networks: Is it a paradigm for rural

development

Ocak, S.1, Ogun, S.

2

1Nigde University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies

Department of Animal Production &Technologies, 51000 Nigde, Turkey, 2Redrock Agricultural Pastoral R&D, Istanbul, Turkey

Summary

Agricultural livestock production networks on their own being unable to

provide a sufficient means of sustainability of rural diversification and

development, new paradigms are needed to provide answers. In this paper we

assess the development and success of alternative livestock production

networks within a global context and summarize the complexity of rural

livelihood processes. Accepting diversity as the key factor in building

resilient rural communities we compare and evaluate the varying cultural

initiatives presently being trialed around the globe. In particular as they relate

to the interaction among production network and rural communities, efficient

natural resource management techniques and gender factors.

In order to determine how these networks interact with the present conditions

and expectations both from consumer and pre-existing rural “cluster” and

“districts” some novel applicable case studies were assessed and evaluated.

The paradigm shift that is required to provide novel contributions to this

transition to improve rural communities social performance and sustainability

under the network pressure is discussed in a wide context. In this paper we

attempt to specify the main outcomes of different production networks and

the relations that flow them.

Key words: production network, sustainability, rural community, natural

resource management, gender

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

44

Genetic analysis of growth curve parameters in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep

Talebi, M.A.1, Vatankhah, M.

1

1Animal Science Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Shahrekord,

Iran

Summary

Brody’s growth function was fitted to body weight and age data from 3398

Lori-Bakhtiari lambs, to study the parameters of growth curve and their

genetic and phenotypic parameters. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were

also estimated between growth curve parameters with. Weight records of

lambs, from birth to yearling, recorded every 3 mo, were analyzed using

REML methods from a set of three-trait animal models. A is the asymptotic

weight in the equation Wt=A× (1-Be-kt

), where W is the weight at time t and

B and k are constants. Heritability estimates were 0.31, 0.28 and 0.35 for A,

B and k, respectively. Genetic correlations between A and B, A and k, B and

k were 0.33, -0.30 and 0.18, respectively. Heritability estimates of A and k

indicate that progress in improving these traits can be made through

selection. A phenotypic and genetic negative between mature weight and rate

of maturing was found, indicating that earlier maturing lambs would have

lighter mature weights than late maturing lambs.

Key words: Brody function, growth curve, genetic parameters, sheep

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

45

Implementation of Internet of things for animal identification

Ostojić, G.1, Stankovski, S.

1, Trivunović, S.

2, Kučević, D.

2, Zhang, X.

3

1Faculty of Technical Sciences Novi Sad,

2Faculty of Agriculture Novi Sad,

3China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

Summary

The world's largest producers of livestock (referring primarily to cattle), such

as U.S, Canada, Brazil and Australia, have started during the last few years to

introduce the digital identification of livestock (RFID tag-based), and

imposed it as an obligation for producers. This fact made it possible to run a

number of different studies. They are primarily focused on tracking the

livestock movements, both between the farms and between farms and

slaughterhouses. These studies were initiated in order to collect data on the

time and place where the animals arrived. This way, commissions at the

national level for monitoring the health state can rapidly respond to

appearance of a disease, its monitoring and also preventing its further

spreading. Currently intensive research is being carried out, that will also

enable the use of the above mentioned identification tags for better

management on farms. This would enable more efficient nutrition, better

monitoring of health, reproduction and production traits, as well as a number

of savings in food, energy, and labor force. Studies that integrally observe an

already set RFID technology combined with wireless sensor networks which

is also part of Internet of things concept are practically at the beginning. The

main reason is that so far there has not been any well-developed

infrastructure for RFID technology. Bearing in mind that the use of wireless

technology in the supply chain will most certainly intensify, finding of the

adequate solutions for obtaining the data will also surely be solved, for the

cases when the partial or total failure of one technology leads to using the

redundancy that is present in the entire system in order to preserve the quality

of the considered system. In this paper state of art of implementation of

Internet of things concept in animal identification is presented.

Key words: RFID technology, wireless sensor networks, labelling,

identification

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

46

REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY

Oral presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

47

Effect of incubation temperature during maturation and antioxidants in

embryo culture on developmental competence of bovine oocytes

Sen, U.1, Kuran, M.

2

1Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Agricultural, Department of Agricultural

Biotechnology, TR40100, Kirsehir, Turkey, 2Ondokuz Mayis, Faculty of Agricultural, Department of Agricultural

Biotechnology, TR55139, Samsun, Turkey

Summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 36.5°C and 38.5°C

incubation temperatures during in-vitro maturation (IVM) and use of

antioxidants in in-vitro embryo culture (IVC) on developmental competence

of embryo, and cell numbers, diameter and quality of blastocyst. Oocytes

obtained from bovine ovaries were maturated in bicarbonate-buffered TCM–

199 supplemented with 10% FCS for 22 hours with a humidified 5% CO2 in

air at either 36.5 or 38.5°C. Matured oocytes were subjected to in vitro

fertilization (IVF). Putative zygotes were allocated randomly into SOFaa

medium with or without antioxidant (a mixture of 1mM GSH and 1500 IU

SOD) and were cultured in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at

38.5°C for 8 days. Embryo developments were evaluated on days 3, 5, 7 and

8 of culture. While incubation temperatures in IVM had no effects on

developmental competence of embryo, supplementation of antioxidants into

IVC increased developmental competence (P<0.05). Although 38.5°C

incubation temperature in IVM and supplementation of antioxidants into IVC

increased (P<0.05) inner cell mass cell number of blastocysts, decreased total

cell and trophectoderm cell numbers (P<0.05). İncubation temperatures in

IVM had no effect on quality and diameter of blastocysts, but

supplementation of antioxidants into IVC increased quality and diameter

(P<0.05). The results of present study show that decreasing the in vitro

maturation temperature (36.5°C) that represent in vivo conditions did not

have dramatic effects on oocytes maturation and embryo development.

Culture of bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation at 36.5°C incubation

temperature may provide a suitable thermal environment for the completion

of nuclear maturation and subsequent embryo development.

Project number: PYO-ZRT.4010.15.002

Key words: Bovine, In vitro maturation, Culture temperatures, Antioxidants,

Embryo development

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

48

Cryopreservation of sperm in aquatic species

Bozkurt, Y.1

1Mustafa Kemal University,

Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Aquaculture

İskenderun, Hatay, Turkey

Summary

Cryopreservation has become a standart method for the long-term

maintenance of large variety of cells. This technique has great practical value

for ex situ breeding programs. Cryopreservation of sperm from numerous

aquatic species is now possible, but it is not available for the eggs and

embryos except for trachophore larvae of the eastern oyster. Research on fish

sperm cryopreservation has achieved great advances since the first successful

sperm cryopreservation in herring. Compared to eggs, sperm cells are simpler

to preserve because of their large number, the ease and repeatability of

collection and also their suitability for cryopreservation. Cryopreservation is

beneficial in many areas such as conservation of genetic diversity, selective

breeding, hybridization, and maintaining continuous supply of gametes for

hatchery seed production or laboratory experimentations. Therefore,

development of sperm cryopreservation procedures will aid recovery of the

threatened and endangered species as well as genetic selection and

maintenance of selected stock lines. Cryopreservation technique involves

addition of cryoprotectants, freezing and thawing of sperm samples, all of

which may result in some damage to the spermatozoa and may decrease egg

fertilization rate. Therefore, before cryopreservation of sperm, through

evaluation of different extender solutions, cryoprotectants, straw sizes and

thawing rates are essential to develop optimum cryopreservation protocol for

various species.

Keywords: genetic resources, cryopreservation, gamete, aquaculture

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

49

Effects of different extenders and centrifugation/washing on postthaw

microscopic-oxidative stress parameters and fertilizing ability of Angora

buck sperm

Sarıözkan, S.1, Bucak, M.N.

2, Tuncer, P.B.

3, Tasdemir, U.

3, Kinet, H.

4,

Ulutaş, P.A.5

1Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction

and Artificial Insemination, Kayseri, Turkey; 2Selcuk University, Faculty of

Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination,

Konya, Turkey; 3Aksaray Vocational School, Aksaray University, TR68100

Aksaray, Turkey; 4Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lalahan Livestock

Central Research Institute, 06852 Lalahan, Ankara, Turkey; 5Adnan Menderes

University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Aydın,

Turkey

Summary

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of extender type and centrifugation/washing

prior to cryopreservation on the postthaw sperm parameters, lipid peroxidation, and

superoxide dismutase activity of Angora buck sperm. Ejaculates collected from three

Angora bucks were used. Two consecutive ejaculates from each buck were pooled

and split into equal parts in four Falcon tubes. Two tubes were diluted at 37ºC and

then centrifuged to remove semen plasma. After centrifugation, two sediment parts

were diluted with a Tris-based extender and commercial Bioxcell extender,

respectively. The remaining two parts, which were not centrifuged/washed, were

diluted with the above-mentioned extenders, respectively. After thawing, the semen

part with centrifugation/washing in the Bioxcell extender (BC) demonstrated a

higher rate of subjective motility compared with that of groups with (TC) or without

(T) centrifugation/washing in the Tris-based extender (P<0.01). Angora buck sperm

frozen with (BC) or without (B) centrifugation/washing in the Bioxcell extender

demonstrated higher percentages of motility compared with T and TC groups. The

postthaw progressive motility rate was significantly greater for semen parts diluted

in B compared with that of other groups. For sperm acrosome and total

abnormalities, TC gave the highest values (P<0.01). In the group frozen in BC, the

percentage of membrane integrity assessed by HOST was higher than that of the

other groups (P<0.001). With respect to fertility results based on 35-d pregnancy

rates, BC gave a higher rate than that of TC (P<0.05). Malondialdehyde formation

was found to be lower in BC than in the other groups after the freeze-thawing

process (P<0.001). In the semen part frozen in BC, superoxide dismutase activity

was higher compared with that of the other groups (P<0.05). Further studies are

required to obtain more precise results for the characterization of oxidative stress

parameters and fertilizing ability in cryopreserved buck spermatozoa.

Key words: Antioxidant activities, cryopreservation, buck, sperm parameters

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

50

Role of the melatonin hormone on reproductive control in small

ruminants

Kırıkçı, K.1, Çam, A. M.

2

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahi Evran

University, Kırşehir 40000, Turkey; 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs

University, Samsun 55139, Turkey

Summary

Small ruminants have been known that is seasonally-reproducing animals.

Being seasonal of reproductive events in these animals is to limit meeting the

demand for milk and meat products obtained from them, especially during

out season. Therefore, it´s essential to enhance the yield bring under control

of reproductive activity in off seasons as well. The reproductive cycles of

seasonally-reproducing animals are influenced by a number of hormones and

environmental factors such as day length.

Melatonin, one of the hormones effecting on reproductive activity has an

important place on small ruminants due to its secretion is depend to darkness

when it compared to other some hormones. Melatonin hormone, because of

this trait, is to come the beginning of the hormones used with the aim of

controlling reproductive activity.

To date, in several studies concerning small ruminants of different breeds,

melatonin administration has been found to advance the onset of reproductive

activity. Furthermore, melatonin has been reported to exert beneficial effects

on oocyte quality, ovulation, and conception rates and sperm quality.

Consequently, melatonin can offer a powerful tool for the manipulation of

breeding seasons to gain optimum market profit, intensively in small

ruminants.

In this review, we aimed to give information about the mechanism of action

of the melatonin hormone and its use in small ruminants to synchronize

reproductive cycle.

Key words: Small ruminants, seasonally-reproducing, reproductive control,

melatonin hormone

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

51

Early pregnancy detection of Iraqi female camel (Camelus dromedarius)

using different methods

Abdulkareem, T.A.1, Al-Rawi, H.M., Abdul-Rahaman, Y.T.,

Eidan, S.M.1

1College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, College of Veterinary

Medicine, University of Anbar

Summary

This study was conducted at the Animal Farm, College of Veterinary

Medicine, University of Anbar during the period from 1/8/2012 until

1/8/2013. This experiment included 12 multiparous, non-lactating Iraqi one-

humped female camels (Camelus dromedarius) of 7- 8 years old and average

body weight of 450-500 kg. Early detection of pregnancy in Iraqi female

dromedary camels using three different methods (plasma progesterone

concentrations, ultrasonography and rectal palpation). The sensitivity of

progesterone assay for detecting pregnant female camel decreased (p<0.01)

from 100 to 80% during the experimental period, being highly accurate

(p<0.01, 100%) at day 20 PM and moderately accurate (p<0.01, 80%)

throughout the remaining periods. The specificity (%) for detecting non-

pregnant female camels increased obviously (p<0.01) from 71.4% at day 20

PM to 85.7 at day 30 PM, and 100% at 40, 50 and 60 days PM. The

sensitivity for detecting pregnant female camels using ultrasonography was

highly accurate (p<0.01, 100%) at day 20 PM and moderately accurate

(p<0.01, 80%) at remaining experimental periods. The specificity (%) for

detecting non- pregnant Iraqi female camel increased obviously (p<0.01)

from 71.4% at day 20 PM to 85.7 at day 30 PM, and 100% during 40, 50 and

60 PM. The rectal palpation sensitivity and specificity were 100 % at 60 and

90 days PM.

Key words: Pregnancy detection, Progesterone, ultrasonography, Camel

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

52

Effect of adding manganese to Tris extender on some post-

cryopreservation semen characteristics of Holstein bulls

Eidan, S.M.1, Abdulkareem, T.A.

1, Sultan, O.A.A.

1

1College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad

Summary

This study was undertaken to explore the adding effect of manganese (Mn+2

)

to Tris extender on post cooling and cryopreservation semen characteristics

of Holstein bulls for different periods. Seven Holstein bulls of 3.5-4.5 years

old were used in this study. The assessments were conducted for fresh semen,

which was later pooled, equally divided using Tris extender. Pooled

semenwas divided into three groups.First group diluted with Tris only (A1).

Mn+2

was added to Tris extender as A2 (0.7 mM) and A3 (0.9 mM)

respectively. The effect of these additions on Holstein bulls semen quality

was studied during different periods (cooling at 5 Celsius, 48 hours, one, two

and three months post cryopreservation, PC). Addition of two Mn+2

levels

(A2 and A3) led to significant increases of total (×106) motile spermatozoa,

normal morphology of sperms, acrosomal integrity of sperms, plasma

membrane integrity of sperms and total function sperm fraction as compared

with control groups during all the experiment periods. It can be concluded

that the addition of Mn+2

led to improved post-cryopreservation semen

quality of Holstein bulls. This will in turn enhance fertility rate of artificially-

inseminated cows and owner's economic income consequently.

Key words: Mn+2

, Semen cryopreservation, Holstein bulls

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

53

Gene expressions and conceptus signals for maternal recognition of

pregnancy in cattle

Paksoy, Z.1, Das, H.

2

1Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane Vocational School, Veterinary

Sciences, 29000, Gümüşhane, Turkey;2Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane

Vocational School, Veterinary Sciences, 29000, Gümüşhane, Turkey

Summary

Many hormones and cytokines that they released from ovary, uterus and

embryo play an important role in the maternal recognition of pregnancy.

Firstly, it is required inhibition of release of uterine prostaglandin F2 alpha

(PGF) and the estrogen receptor (ESR1) synthesis after the implantation of

the embryo for pregnancy recognition. Because estradiol induces PGF

secretion and luteolysis will occur when presence of ESR1 in the uterus.

When compared with cyclic cows, levels of estradiol are more less in

pregnant cows. Therefore, it is intended to reduce the level of estradiol in

order to establish pregnancy. Progesterone (P4) is a hormone that is

important for the recognition of pregnancy. P4 has effect on the expression of

endometrial gene. This effect of P4 occurs with the secretion of

progestamedins. Bovine interferon-tau is one of the factors that allows the

recognition of pregnancy in the critical period of pregnancy. Bovine

interferon-tau binds to type 1 IFN receptors on the luminal epithelial of

endometrium and activates Interferon Regulatory Factor-2. In this way, it

inhibits the transcription of the ESR1 gene. Following oxytocin receptor

production is reduced and activated COX inhibitors. Accordingly, it is

prevented luteolytic release of PGF. Bovine interferon-tau enables the

production of certain endometrial proteins that is important for embryo. The

first of these is bovine granulocyte chemotactic protein-2. The second protein

is ubiquitin cross-reactive protein. Endometrium produces another proteins

such as P8, Mx, and beta-2 microglobulin. As a result, progesterone, bovine

interferon-tau, progestamedins, and chemokines provide recognition of

conceptus by mother.

Key words: Conceptus, pregnancy,endometrial genes, bovine interferon tau

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

54

ANIMAL NUTRITION

Oral presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

55

Posthatch growth and skeletal muscle development in response to

branched chain amino acids supplementation of low-protein diet for

turkey poults subjected to early or delayed feeding

Kop-Bozbay, C.1, Ocak, N.

1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey

Summary

This study was conducted to determine the effect of posthatch feeding time

and the efficacy, if any, of BCAA (3 L-Leucine: 1 L-Isoleucine: 2 L-Valine)

supplementation in low- protein diet (with a 3% protein reduction) on the

growth performance and physical characteristics of skeletal muscle of turkey

poults at 21 days of age. Immediately after hatch, 288 poults were allocated

randomly into experimental six treatments, according to a 3×2 factorial

arrangement for three feed access time (immediately feeding (IF), withheld

feed and water for 48 h (WF48) or for 72 h (WF72)) and two starter diets

(with no supplementation (0BCAA) or supplemented with 2 g BCAA/kg

(0.2BCAA)). The body weight gain of IF poults were higher than those of

both WF birds (P < 0.001) and the 0.2BCAA increased the body weight gain

of poults (P < 0.05). The relative weight of pectoralis muscle (PM) of IF and

WF48 poults were higher than WF72 birds while absolute PM weight of IF

poults were higher than WF72 birds (P < 0.05). The BCAA supplemented-

diet resulted in increase in the relative and absolute weight of PM (P <

0.001). The effect of factors on iliotibialis muscle (ITM) weights was not

found significant (P > 0.05). The ash of IF and WF72 poults were higher

than WF48 birds. 0.2BCAA increased the dry matter and crude protein (P <

0.001) while it decreased the crude fat of PM (P<0.01). In early posthatch,

delayed feeding and low-protein diet without supplementation resulted in

poults with a poorer weight gain, muscle development and nutrition value of

PM. The supplementation of BCAA was relatively adequate to avoid adverse

effects of low-protein diets and delayed feeding on the performance and

physical characteristics of skeletal muscle of turkey poults.

Key words: poultry, branched-chain amino acids, withholding feed and

water, skeletal muscle.

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

56

The path of honey-from the apiary to the final consumer

Živoder, D.1, Pavičić, J.

1, Tudor, P.

1, Dražić, M.

1

1Croatian Agricultural Agency, Croatia

Summary

The unique and recognizable labels which are put on the domestic

agricultural products, with the purpose of increasing their consumption is

often used in the European Union where the producers, processors and

consumers work together on establishing of projects, and the entire

organization is taken by an institution responsible for quality control of these

products. Followed by this example, Croatian Agricultural Agency, in

collaboration with bee keepers has created a c system of honey path from the

apiary through laboratory testing of honey quality to the final consumer, who

can buy that kind of product marked with red recognizable HPA label.

Bee-keeping is traditional agricultural branch In the Republic of Croatia,

which has great economic importance. Honey often called the gold of nature

is an unavoidable part of a healthy diet because it has unique structure, and it

is beneficial due to its antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

It is important to ensure the quality of honey and prevent its adulteration

which enables the consumer to buy a high quality, healthy and above all safe

domestic product labelled with additional trademarks. That sign also ensure

an extra value of beekeeper's product.

After sampling of certain type of honey, product is analysed in the laboratory.

If the sample meets required parameters, the Certificate of quality is issued to

the beekeeper with specific number of labels marked with unique serial

number that beekeeper puts on the product during packing that makes the

product unique on the market.

Consumer can check every information from the jar of honey using an

Internet aplication and be sure that they consume healthy product made on

domestic apiaries.

Key words: Croatian Agrucultural Agency, honey, label, laboraty, Certificate

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

57

The influence of lighting photoperiods with triticale diets on broiler

performance and abdominal fat deposition

Başer, E.1

1BDUTAEM, Bahri Dağdas International Agricultural Research Institute-

Konya Turkey, e.mail: ebaser32@gmail.com

Summary

This study was carried out to determine the influence of four lighting

photoperiods with two levels of triticale on broiler yield and abdominal fat

deposition. The total 960 day-old, sexed Ross 308 broilers were used in total 48

groups at 4 lighting rooms divided 12 floor pens with four replicates. Lighting

schedules was 23 h light (L):1h dark (D) for all pens in first three days. Lighting

treatments were 1st group was continuous [(CON, control): 23L:1D from days 1

to 42], 2nd group was intermittent [(INT), 3L:1D from days 4 to 42], 3rd group

was increasing [(INC), 12L:12D from days 4 to 14; 14L:10D from days 15 to 21;

16L:8D from days 22 to 28; 18L:6D from days 29 to 42], and 4rd group was

decreasing [(DEC) 18L:6D from days 4 to 14; 16L:8D from days 15 to 21;

14L:10D from days 22 to 28; 12L:12D from days 29 to 42]. Starter (23% CP and

3000 kcal ME/kg of feed), grower (21% CP and 3175kcal ME/kg of feed), and

finisher ration (20 CP and 3225 kcal ME/kg of feed) were provided from 0 to 11,

from 12 to 28, from 29-42 days of age respectively. Broiler chickens fed maize

(as a control) and two levels of triticale (50%– T50 and 100% - T100) in a corn

(C)-soy based diet without exogenous enzyme supplementation. They provided

starter, grower and finisher diets % 50, 55 and %58 25%, 27.5, and 29% (in T50)

respectively. Body weight (BW), feed consumption (FC) feed conversion ratio

(FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) were determined weekly. Total 288 birds

were slaughtered with 3 male and 3 female chickens from each sub group for

determine carcass traits and abdominal fat. It was found that there were

significantly differences between lighting*triticale interactions at 42d. The BW

of INC*C group (2137.74g) was 5% heavier than CON*C (2022.29g -control

group). The FCR of INC*CT, CON*C and Corn-Triticale groups (CT) were

2.13, 2.12, 1.91 respectively. Livability was not affected by treatments.

Abdominal fat yield were 6% lower than those of female (P<0.01). Abdominal

fat yield of INC*CT group was 27.3% lower than those of INT*M group. As a

result of experiment, feed access restriction by the use of lighting programs (that

have altered the feeding behavior) and triticale (that have difficulty digestion for

chicks) might give a solution to reduce growth rate and abdominal fat deposition.

Key words: Broilers, lighting, photoperiod, performance, abdominal fat

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

58

Effects of carvacrol and/or thymol on performance, blood and rumen

parameters in Merino lambs

Hanoglu, H.1, Biricik, H.

2, Talug, A.M.

1, Gezen, S.S.

2, Dikmen, S.

3

1Sheep Breeding Research Station, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey;

2Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of

Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag, Bursa, Turkey; 3Department of

Zootechincs, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Uludag, Bursa,

Turkey

Summary

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing doses

of carvacrol (C) and/or thymol (T) on performance, rumen fermentation and

blood parameters in Merino lambs. In this trail, eighty-four 12 week-old male

Merino lambs (22±0.5kg of BW at trial initiation) were randomly assigned to

1 of 7 treatments in a completely randomized design.During the experiment

(10-wk), lambs were fed diets with 0:100 forage:concentrate ratio. The

concentrate mixture were included (on DM basis) control, carvacrol 100

mg/kg (C100), carvacrol 300 mg/kg (C300), thymol 100 mg/kg (T100), thymol

300 mg/kg (T300), carvacrol+thymol (50+50) 100 mg/kg (C50+T50) and

carvacrol+thymol (150+150), 300 mg/kg (C150+T150). Each experimental

treatment was randomly assigned to 12 lambs. Lambs were weighed at 15

days intervals throughout the trial and average daily gain was determined by

dividing weight gain by number of days. Feed conversion was calculated as

the ratio between dry matter intake and average daily gain. Ruminal pH was

measured once per animal at 0, 3 and 6 h after feeding on day 70.At days 0,

35, and 70, blood samples were collected from each lamb via jugular

venipuncture in non-heparanized tubes immediately before the morning

feeding.

The C and/or T supplementation did not affect on average daily gain, final

weight, and feed conversion. Lambs fed with C and/or T diet had higher

rumen pH,NH3-N and total VFA than those fed with the control. However,

the molar concentration of VFA did not change the supplementation of

essential oil. Serum urea and glucose in C and/or T diet fed lambs were not

found significant on 0, 35, and 70 day as compared to controls.

In this study showed limited effects of C and/or T supplementation on rumen

and production parameters when lambs were fed with the high concentrate

diet.

Keywords: Carvacrol, Thymol, Rumen, Blood, Parameters

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

59

The possibility of planting Lupin albus at Iraq for its nutritional

importance (human, animal, and livestock)

Al-Hamdani, H.1, Al-Hamdani, A.

2

1Market research & consumer,

http://www.mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/PageViewer.aspx?id=47, 2Instructor

Council Affaires/Uni. Bahgdad, abidnoorayahoo.com,

Protection center/ Uni. Bahgdad

Summary

Food security in rural communities can be improved by diversifying the

existing farming systems. One of the important legume crops is lupin albus

which can play an important role due to its multipurpose function. Lupin is

adapted to well drained, light to medium textured soil with acid to near-

neutral condition soil PH ranging between (5.5-7). Therefore, due to Iraqi

climatic and availability of water, make it possible to grow lupin plant which

has advantages by encourage farmers to grow it, and try to experience the

multiple use and nutritional benefit for it which has advantages over more

favored legume species in term of nutritional, economical value and tolerance

to adverse climatic condition. The present study focuses mainly on planting

possibilities of this crop. This crop can use as green forage, mature, and

fixing atmospheric nitrogen in soil.

A field experiment was undertaken in three winter dates December, January,

and February months, through 2014 in Jadireya Farm/Univ. of Baghdad. This

study was to determine the effect of planting date (1/12, 1/1, 1/2), and the

within row spacing (10 and 20 cm) on green yield, seed yield of Jordanian

and Egyptian sweet lupin albus. The results shows that the high yield of both

green yield and seed yield were in the first date of planting which was on

December 1/12/2014, and the 20cm space within rows was the higher for

planting which got the highest yield for both green and seed yield. Also, the

results shows the percent composition of protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, and

carbohydrate were 32.5, 12.4, 8.2, 12.2 and 28.2 in Egyptian lupin,

respectively significantly higher than Jordanian lupin content.

Key words: Lupin Albus- planting-physico-chemical analysis

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

60

Determination of organic acids in barley silage of recombinant inoculant

contributıon

Bozkurt Kiraz, A.1, Kutlu, H.R.

2

1University of Harran, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science; 2University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Animal Science

Summary

In this study, six different barley silage treatment groups were prepared as

control, Sill-All (Alltech, UK), LC1363, LCLDH, LBPL (Lactobacillus

plantarum) and inoculant additive LBPL+Lik. LC1363 (Lactococcus laktis

subsp. cremoris), LCLDH (LDH mutant Lactococcus laktis subsp. cremoris)

and LBPL+Lik (Lactobacillus plantarum) groups contained recombinant

inoculants with ß-(1.3-1.4) glucanase (likenaz) enzyme gene. Inoculants were

added to silages at the level of 1.5x107 cfu/g. Analysed for organic acids at

56-day period. Acetic acid levels were not significantly (P>0.05) different

between the groups. Butyric acid was not detected in silage groups. In

conclusion the result obtained in the study showed that recombinant

inoculant, inclusion especially to the barley silage improve feeding value.

Key words: Barley Silage, Inoculant, Organic Acids

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

61

Selenium status of wool of Akkaraman sheep in grazing season related to

pasture selenium content in some districts of Ankara Province

Yaman, S.1*

, Ünay, E.2, Karakaş, V.

2

1Niğde University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies,

Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Niğde Turkey; 2Livestock Central Research Institute, Ankara, Turkey;

*semayaman@nigde.edu.tr

Summary

In Turkey, sheep rearing is dwelling on extensive conditions and dependent

on natural pastures. In the grazing period starting from spring until fall sheep

flocks of Ankara region meets its nutritional demands only from pastures

without any supplementation as it is usual for many other regions of Turkey.

Soils of interior region of Turkey is lacking from selenium mineral.

This study was conducted to determine selenium (Se) status of wool in

Akkaraman sheep grazing on natural pastures without any supplementation in

relation with Se content of pastures grazed by Akkaraman sheep. Sampling

study was carried out in 3 different times within each grazing period of two

years in Ankara region. Ankara region was divided 4 sub-regions according

to geographical and vegetation conditions. Related to these regions,

considering sheep population density and pasture conditions 13 villages of 6

districts were determined as study area. Wool samples were collected from 2-

5 years old Akkaraman sheep grazing on the pastures. Wool samples

collected from at least two flocks of sheep in the same village. In the same

sampling period with wool, plant samples were collected representing

pastures.

In this study wool Se content was ranged between 41.10±5.377 ve

129.16±11.846 ppb and except one sampling period in district of Haymana

which was 129.16±11.846 ppb, wool Se content of all districts was remain

under the critical level.

Pasture Se levels were differed between 24.22±3.227 ppb and 49.07±6.599

ppb and were always remain under critical level.

As interpreting wool and pasture Se content in the study area, we concluded

that grazing sheep should be supplemented with Se throughout the year.

Key words: selenium, sheep, wool, pasture

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

62

Effects of dietary selenium source, storage time and temperature on the

quality of quail eggs

Baylan, M.1, Canogullari, S.

2, Copur, G.

3, Ayasan, T.

4

1Cukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Adana, Turkey;

2Nigde

University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde,

Turkey; 3Mustafa Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Hatay, Turkey;

4Cukurova Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Turkey

Summary

We report the effects of time of storage, temperature and supplementation

with sodium selenite and selenium enriched yeast on the quality of quail

eggs. For this study 90 ten week-old, female Japanese quails (Coturnix

coturnix Japonica) with similar body size were caged individually and

randomly divided into five groups of 18 quails each.

One group was fed a normal diet and served as control. A second group was

supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg sodium selenite (In-Se) and three groups

supplemented with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg of a commercially available

selenium-enriched yeast (O-Se1, O-Se2 and O-Se3, respectively). The eggs

were collected at third and fourth weeks of the experiment and were stored at

4°C and 20°C for 0, 15, 30 and 45 days.

Extension of the storage time to 45 days at 20°C resulted in significant

deterioration of egg quality. The albumen Haugh unit (HU), pH, albumen

index, yolk index and egg weight loss were the most important parameters

influenced by the nature of the selenium sources, storage time and

temperature. Storage time and temperature were also significant for egg

weight loss, HU, albumen and yolk indexes. The results show that

supplementation with selenium yeast significantly affected shell weight, shell

tickness, HU, albumen index, yolk index and pH. The HU decreased with

increased storage time and temperature. Higher levels of Se-yeast

administration resulted in greater HU compared to the selenite and control

groups.

Key words: Selenium, storage time, temperature, internal quality, quail egg

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

63

Effects of dietary supplementation of dried distillers grain with soluble

(DDGS) and yucca (Yucca schidigera) on carcass and meat quality of

broilers in finishing period

Konca, Y.1, Sarıözkan, S.

2, Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B.

3, Kara, K.

3,

Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S.1, Kaliber, M.

1

1Erciyes University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science,

38039 Kayseri-Turkey; 2ErciyesUniversity, Faculty of Veterinary Med.,

Dept. of Animal Health, Economics and Management, 38039 Kayseri-

Turkey; 3Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Med., Department of

Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, 38039 Kayseri-Turkey

Summary

This study was conducted to determine the effects of diet supplementation of

DDGS and yucca (Yucca schidigera) on broiler carcass traits and meat

quality. A total of 360, 21 day old male and female mixed Ross-308 broiler

chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicate (n=15). The

treatments were as follows; 1:control (C, corn-soybeanmeal based diet, no

DDGS and yucca supplementation), 2:C+Yucca 100 mg/kg diet (CY),(CD)

3: DDGS 30% in diet, 4:DDGS 30%+Yucca 120 mg/kg in diet (DY). The

study was performed between 21 to 42 days of age. The ration type and yucca

supplementation did not affect on slaughter weight, cold carcass weight, yield

of carcass parts and inner organ weights. 30% supplementation of DDGS to

diet was increased the carcass yield (%) compared to yucca supplemented

groups and in the DDGS+yucca supplemented group’s carcass yield was

lower that of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences

among the groups in terms of tight and breast muscle pH and color traits such

as lightness (L*) redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) in the liver, leg skin, leg

muscle, breast skin and breast muscle of broilers. In conclusion, inclusion of

%30 DDGS in broiler diets may use without any negative effect on carcass

traits and meat quality, and yucca supplementation to control and DDGS

diets may not positive effect on carcass and meat traits.

Key words: broiler, DDGS, yucca, carcass traits, meat quality

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

64

The effect of rations containing different levels of expanded corn on

performance in broilers

Çolak, A.1, Cufadar, Y.

1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University,

42075, Konya, Turkey

Summary

In this study was conducted to effect of expander corn supplementation of

different levels to diet on performance in broilers. A 6-wk experiment, 390

unsexed day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) was used in the experiment. Five

treatments consisting of different expander corn levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and

100%) were used with six replicates of seventy-eight chicks each treatment.

Feed and water were supplied as ad libitum during the experiment.

Different levels of expander corn addition to broilers diet were not

significantly effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, carcass

weight and yield at the end of the experiment. Different levels of expander

corn addition to broilers diet were significantly effect on feed conversion

ratio.

The result of this study that containing to 100% corn expander instead of corn

to broiler diets can be used without adversely affecting performance.

Key words: Broiler, corn, expander corn, performance

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

65

Determination and comparison of element levels in the milk samples of

cow, goat and sheep naturally fed in Turkey

Ağyar, O.1*

, Özkaya, A.2, Sucak, M.G.

1, Yilmaz, E.

2

1Adiyaman University, Kahta Vocational School, Department of Veterinary,

Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Adiyaman,Turkey; 2Adiyaman University,

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Adiyaman, Turkey;

*e-posta: oguzagyar@gmail.com,

Tel:+90 (506) 531 63 88, Fax: +90 (416) 725 77 92

Summary

The levels of elements of Anatolian goat, sheep and cow milks in Turkey

were determined by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission

spectrometer (ICP-OES), respectively. For this purpose, 15 samples from

each animal were analyzed and the following elements, calcium, iron,

magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, potassium, sodium, and silicon, were

determined. The levels of these elements in the cow milk samples were

determined as1183.75 mg/L, 0.8390 mg/L, 104 mg/L, 916.25 mg/L, 4.3632

mg/L, 1200.25 mg/L, 297.62mg/L, 1.0870 mg/L; in the goat milk samples, as

1212.875 mg/L, 0.3407 mg/L, 124.37 mg/L, 816.875 mg/L, 3.6022 mg/L,

1557 mg/L, 317.50 mg/L, 0.6645 mg/L; and in the sheep milk samples, as

2077.375 mg/L, 0.6316 mg/L, 187.75 mg/L, 1539.75 mg/L, 5.5786 mg/L,

1084.625 mg/L,401.375 mg/L, 1.5407 mg/L, respectively. When the sheep

milk samples compared to the milk samples of cow and goat, the levels of

calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, sodium and silicon were higher for

the sheep milk samples (p<0.05). In general, the element levels of all these

animals are important for human health metabolism. The results obtained for

sheep milk, however, are over that of other two animals. In conclusion, we

think that the high element levels of sheep milk further increases its

nutritional importance according to cow and goat milks.

Key words: Cow, Goat, Sheep, Milk, Element

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

66

Does increase immunoglobulins in broiler breeding when added propolis

to the diet?

Ozturk, E.1, Konanç, K.

1, Cifci, A.

2, Sahin, H.A.

1

1Ondokuz Mayis University, Agricultural Faculty, 55139 Kurupelit-Samsun,

Turkey; 2Ondokuz Mayis University, Veterinary Faculty, 55139 Kurupelit-

Samsun, Turkey; eozturk@omu.edu.tr

Summary

This research was performed to determine the influence level of maternal

antibodies of 33 weekly broiler breeders eggs with added different levels of

propolis extracts in their diets. Breeders were fed based on soybean-corn diet

for 4 weeks and 0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 ppm propolis extracts were mixed

to the rations and eggs were collected individually. For the detection of

maternal antibodies in the egg yolk and white IgY, IgA and IgM levels were

assessed by ELISA. At the end of the experiment 400 ppm propolis extract

group, including egg yolk IgY value was significantly higher than the control

group and the other groups (P<0.05). Differences were not observed in the

egg white and yolk of IgM values. In egg yolk, for IgA levels, 400 ppm

group were higher than the control group while in the egg white 100 ppm

group were higher than the control group. Results showed that in parent line

when was added 400 ppm propolis extract in their diets, was a positive

impact on the value of IgY in the egg yolk.

*The authors are grateful to the Scientific and Technical Research Council of

TURKEY (TUBITAK, 213O212)

Key words: Immunoglobulins, broiler breeders, hatching egg

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

67

Interaction between fattening periods and energy on carcass fat deposit

of Iranian native lambs

Karami, M.1*

1Department of Animal Science, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research

Center of Shahrekord, 415, Iran,

*Corresponding author: karami_morteza@yahoo.com

Summary

This study was investigating interaction between different levels of

metabolisable energy (DME) (2.3 and 2.5) and fattening period (FP) (90 and

120 days) on carcass composition of Chalishtori male lambs. Rations were

isonitrogenous (14% CP/DM) and used of completely random designs with

factorial method (2*2). Finally 32 lambs randomly slaughtered and data

analyzed by SAS. Interaction between (FP) (120 days) in (DME) for final

weight, metabolic weight and carcass weight had significant (p< 0.05). The

mean of daily weight gain was 162.37g/d, interaction between (FP) and

(DME) did not influence on daily weight gain and feed intake. The mean of

dressing percentage was 53.67% and interaction between (FP) (120 days) in

(DME) for dressing percentage was significant (p<0.05). Interaction between

(FP) in (DME) for surface of loin area and back fat thickness were significant

(p<0.05). The mean of total carcass meat, total bone, and total subcutaneous

fat and fat tail percent were 46.94, 11.71, 15.96 and 22.87 percent

respectively and interaction between (FP) and (DME) on carcass

compositions. However, interaction was between (FP) and (DME) influence

on some traits and recommended (FP) 90 days with 2.3 ME, because higher

daily weight gain, loser daily feed intake, better of feed conversion ratio and

other wise loin area surface and carcass composition were not significant.

Key words: Fattening periods, Energy, Growth, Carcass characteristics and

Chalishtori lamb.

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

68

ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH

Poster presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

69

The effects of different feeding system on milk production and milk

composition in dairy cows

Awlad, M.E.M.M.1, Görgülü, M.

1

1Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Animal Science Department,

Adana, Turkey

Summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different feeding

systems on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows. 32 dairy

cows having similar lactation number, DIM, live body weight and milk

production were divided into four groups. First group received total mixed

ration (TMR) ad libitum, second group received roughage and concentrate

limited and separately, but roughage was offered in two meals and

concentrate was offered in four meals, third group fed with partial TMR

which included half of the concentrate in roughage part of the diet and

remained concentrate was offered in two meals, and the last group were fed

on roughage and concentrate separately and both of them were offered

limited and in two meals. The TMR formulated about 57/43 concentrate

roughage ratio. Alfalfa hay and corn silage were used as roughage.

The data obtained from the study revealed that feeding systems affected dry

matter intake (P<0.05). Limited feeding decreased feed intake and the cows

which received (TMR) ad libitum had higher dry matter intake. Limited

feeding groups were fed on roughage and concentrate separately, roughage

intake in these groups was decreased, concentrate ratio was increased in the

diet as well especially in the group receiving concentrate in two meals

(P<0.05). In TMR group, milk yield significantly increased due to increase in

their feed intake (P<0.05, 2 kg/day higher than others)

Milk total solid, fat and urea nitrogen contents were affected by feeding

systems. Restricted and separate feeding system groups had lower total solid,

fat and urea nitrogen in milk (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results showed that

restricted and separate feeding of concentrate and roughage may not be

applicable in practice as it decreased feed intake, milk yield and milk fat test.

Key words: Milk yield, milk composition, feeding systems

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

70

Evaporative coolıng systems usage in subtropic climate conditions of

Mediterranean region

Önder, D.1, Mevliyaoğullari, E.

1, Göncü, S.

1, Koluman, N.

1

1Çukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Adana, Turkey,

e-mail: deryaonder2007@gmail.com

Summary

The ideal ambient temperature for a dairy cow is between 40ºF to 77ºF. At

temperatures above 77ºF cows show signs of heat stress as they have to use

energy to cool themselves. Their primary means of cooling is by heat loss

through surface skin and the respiratory tract. As the ambient temperature

and humidity increase, it becomes more difficult for a cow to cool herself.

Cows that suffer from heat stress have reduced feed intake and consequently

milk production. High-sproducing cows are especially susceptible to heat

stress. Pregnancy rates are also affected by heat stress. They decrease sharply

when the air temperature exceeds 86ºF. The negative effects of heat stress

can be reduced to be the barn design options (shade, sprinkler, barn

dimensions, ventilation etc) in some regulations and practices. Most dairies

rely on natural ventilation to remove heat, but it may be necessary to provide

supplemental ventilation to cool cows during periods of heat stress.

Additional cooling can be provided through evaporative cooling systems.

Some studies reported that the positive effect of shower and ventilation on

milk production during hot season. Heat loss from a cow occurs primarily by

conduction and convection, as well as by evaporation. As the temperature

rises, it becomes increasingly difficult for a cow to dissipate heat. Rising

relative humidity also affects a cow’s ability to lose heat via evaporation

Some studies discussed the direct effects of evaporative cooling, achieved

through a combination of sprinklers and fans, on milk yield and fertility. In

this context, this study will be focused on the shower-fan system at

Mediterranean region.

Key words: Evaporative Coolıng, Subtropic, Mediterranean

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

71

The lactation performances and some reproductive traits of heifers

raised in different growth performances

Göncü, S.1, Görgülü, M.

1, Mevliyaoğulları, E.

1

1Çukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Adana, Turkey,

e-mail: emevliya@gmail.com

Summary

In dairy cattle, the success of the heifer raising, is to have great importance in

terms of return of investment. Heifers for breeding purpose are to ensure that

profitability has given birth to her first calf at age 22-24 months. However,

for this purpose controlled conditions and some special requirements must be

provided. Many literature reported that the different growth pattern for

optimal heifer raising performances. But it must be quite technical critical

threshold value for the get optimum performances in the future. The ideal

value of the first calving of Holstein heifer is to 22-24 months of age. Bu in

the practical result did not show the ideal value. Ion field results showed big

variation from 18 months to 36 months of age. This high first calving age

affected the animal future performances. Dairy farms must be considering the

critical threshold value for the optimum heifer raising program. For this

purpose 2010-2013 year are born between 118 head heifer were monitored

and recorded during the 3 year study and status from birth to first lactation

were evaluated depending on the growth performances. In this study were

given the results of 118 heifer lactations and reproductive performances.

Key words: Heifers, growth, lactation, reproduction

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

72

Assessment of Fasciola hepatica miracidium motility by computer

assisted sperm analyzer

Villa-Mancera, A.1*, Reynoso-Palomar, A.

1, Utrera-Quintana, F.

1,

Hernández-Guzmán, K.1, Cruz-García, M.

1, Olivares-Pérez, J.

2,

Carreón-Luna, L.1

1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad

Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco Puebla, México, 2Unidad Académica de

Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero,

Ciudad Altamirano, Guerrero, México

Summary

The motility parameters of Fasciola hepatica miracidia were assessed at

different temperatures and times post-hatching using computer-assisted

sperm analysis. Eggs were incubated at 22°C or 25°C for 14 days. Five

motion parameters were evaluated at different incubation temperatures up to

10 hr post-hatching. No differences were observed in the percentage that

hatched after incubation at the two different temperatures. However, the

straight-line velocity of miracidia following incubation at 22ºC was

significantly different from that observed at 25ºC (p< 0.01). All miracidium

motion parameters at different post-hatching temperatures showed an overall

decreaseat the end of the experiment. Those miracidia hatching from eggs

incubated at 25ºC had a higher velocity of 1673.3 µm/s compared with

1553.3 µm/s at 22ºC. Velocity parameters increased as the post-hatching

temperature increased from 22ºC to 37ºC.

Key words: Fasciola hepatica, Egg, Miracidium, Computer Assisted Sperm

Analyzer, Motility

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

73

Animal welfare management in extensive breeding of goats – legislative

and economic view

Balieva, G.1, Otuzbirov, R.

2

1Trakia University – Stara Zagora, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Department of Veterinary Legislation and Management; 2Trakia University –

Stara Zagora, Faculty of Economics, Department of Management

Summary

The increasing demand for foodstuffs of animal origin worldwide results in

modern technologies for intensive systems of stockbreeding. Intensification

and mechanization of almost all processes in animal breeding always raise

animal welfare issues concerning production and exploitation. At the same

time consumers become more interested in buying foodstuffs, derived from

animals reared in a way, identical or similar to their natural living conditions.

Regarding these trends, our study focuses on the main characteristics of the

extensive goat breeding, with making an analysis of certain regulatory

requirements of the international, European and national legislation,

concerning animal welfare of goats. Based on the experience of some

countries, we discuss the advantages of extensive goat breeding as a factor

for sustainable rural development in Bulgaria.

Key words: animal welfare; goats; extensive breeding

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

74

Determination of characteristics and management models of animal

attendants at dairy farms in the central Anatolian region of Turkey

Murat, H.1, Aral, Y.

2, Çevrimli, M.B.

2, Gökdai, A.

2

1Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of

Animal Health Economics and Management, Sivas, Turkey; 2Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal

Health Economics and Management, Ankara, Turkey

Summary

Animal attendants who lack necessary qualifications and do not work for

sufficient time periods are one of the leading problems among general cattle

farming issues in Turkey. The aim of this study is to determine the current

conditions and causes of problems of the cattle attendants who work at dairy

farms in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. This study was carried out

with 770 attendants who work at 650 different livestock farms in 13

provinces in the Central Anatolian Region. Enterprises with 1 to 10 head of

cattle were classified as small scale, enterprises with 11 to 50 head of cattle

were classified as medium scale and enterprises with 51 or more head of

cattle were classified as large scale enterprises. Each animal attendant was

interviewed using face to face survey method. There are 353 enterprises

having a permanent animal attendant and 297 enterprises having a temporary

animal attendant. There are 425 attendants who are younger than 30 years of

age while the number of attendants older than 30 years of age is 345. The

small and medium-scale enterprises generally pay salary on term basis. 101

enterprises were providing clothing aid, 3 enterprises paid bonuses and 11

enterprises paid premiums. In conclusion, the sense of belonging was higher

in attendants who had permanent jobs, who earned a regular and sufficient

salary and also premiums and bonuses. Furthermore, management of

enterprises which had a lower staff turnover rate, which provided social

facilities and which showed kindness for the personnel were more successful.

The enterprises which had low milk production and non-economic technical

performance parameters had a higher staff turnover rate, more unhappy and

unproductive personnel.

Key words: Animal Attendant, Dairy Farm, Farm Management, Cattle

Breeding

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

75

Current situation of dairy cattle breeding sector in Thrace Region of

Turkey

Çevrimli, M.B.1, Arikan, M.S.

1, Polat, M.

1, Akin, A.C.

1, Murat, H.

2

1Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal

Health Economics and Management, Ankara, Turkey; 2Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of

Animal Health Economics and Management, Sivas, Turkey

Summary

The aim of this study is to analyse the sectoral structure of dairy cattle

breeding in Thrace Region using current data. It is an important investment

area and sources of income and employment for the people living in Thrace

Region. Since 2013, the number of milk cows in Turkey has reached

5.607.272, Thrace Region has 204.209 and the total amount of cow milk

production in Turkey has become 16.655.009, Thrace Region has 756.781

tonnes. Approximately 3,6% of milk cows present in Turkey are in Thrace

Region and about 4,5% of the total cow milk production in Turkey is carried

out here. While the percentages of foreign breed cattle, crossbred cattle and

native breed cattle in Turkey are 41,3%, 42,7% and 16% respectively, Thrace

Region shows a different distribution. While the average cow milk

production in Turkey is 2634 kg, Thrace Region is 2678 kg which is 44 kg

higher than the average of Turkey. This difference is 73 kg between foreign

breed cattle and 99 kg between crossbred cattle. While the average scale of

cattle enterprises in Turkey is 9,1, Thrace Region is 12,5 animals/enterprise.

To make an assessment of Thrace Region, which is based on scales of

enterprises and milk production figures, the figures regarding cow milk

production and scales of enterprises in the three cities (Edirne, Kırklareli,

Tekirdağ) are higher than the average of Turkey. In order to optimize the

scales of enterprises, make use of export advantages as a disease free region,

improve producer organizations, address the raw milk demands of the

industry which is based on breeding dairy cattle and animal breeding and

comply with EU standards in terms of production, market conditions and

placing on the market, it is required to make use of the potential of dairy

cattle and support producers regarding these issues.

Key words: Turkey, Thrace Region, Dairy Cattle, Milk Production,

Productivity

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

76

Effects of feed withdrawal stress on blood biochemistry and meat quality

of Japanese quails fed supplemental dietary humic acid

Demir, N.1; Güler, H.C.

1*; Kurbal, Ö.F.

1, Babacanoğlu, E.

1

1Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Yüzüncü Yıl

University, Van, Turkey, *Corresponding author: cemguler@yyu.edu.tr.

Summary

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pre-slaughter feed

withdrawal stress on blood biochemistry and meat quality of Japanese quail

fed supplemented different levels of dietary humic acid. For this purpose, a

total of 184 mixed sex quail were divided into four dietary treatment groups

in terms of anti-stress effect as follows: 1) a basal diet (H0), 2) basal diet plus

% 0.1 (H1), 3) basal diet plus % 0.15 (H1.5) and 4) basal diet plus % 0.2 (H2)

humic acid (DoctoHumanate) supplementations. All birds were housed in

grower cages and ad-libitum feeding with a 23+1 h lighting program was

applied. Before slaughter, all dietary treatments were separated into two

groups. Half of birds were fed ad-libitum (AL) while the other half feed was

removed (FW) for 14 hours to induced physiological stress. Blood samples

were collected before slaughter for total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase

(LDH), glucose (GL) and creatine kinase (CK) analyses. At 24 h after

slaughter, meat colour [lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*)] and

ultimate pH (pH24) was measured. Finally, pectoralis major muscles were

frozen for subsequent determination of thawing (TL)-cooking (CL) loss and

Warner-Bratzler shear value (WB).

Feed deprivation of birds before slaughter resulted in increased blood LDH

and CK while decreased TP and GL levels compared with birds being fed.

There was no humic acid effect on blood parameters except for LDH. H1.5

birds showed highest concentration of LDH. Feed deprivation has

significantly affected (P<0.05) all meat quality traits. The FW fillets had

paler colour than AL fillets. Humic acid did not affect breast meat; however

H1.5 birds exhibited the highest pH value. These results indicated that feed

deprivation stress before slaughter affected quail breast meat quality while

supplemented dietary humic acid did not any impact in to improve stress.

Key words: meat quality, feed withdrawal, humic acid, Japanese quail

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

77

Effect of feeding system on meat quality and fatty acid profile of lambs

slaughtered at the same age or live weight

Karaca, S.1, Kor, A.

1

1Yuzuncu Yıl University, Department of Animal Science, 65080, Van,

Turkey

Summary

Forty-five Karakaş male weaned lambs used to determine the effect of

feeding system on fattening performance, slaughter-carcass traits, meat

quality and fatty acid composition of lambs slaughtered at the same age or

live weight. Lambs were divided into three groups of 15 each as follows: CL

(fed with concentrate and slaughtered at 38 kg); PLA (pasture lambs

slaughtered with CL lambs at the same age); PLW (pasture lambs slaughtered

at 38 kg). The slaughter weights of CL, PLA and PLW were 38.07, 30.46,

37.83 kg at the end of the fattening periods as 77, 77 and 126 days,

respectively. CL group has significantly higher carcass weight, tail fat and

dressing percentage than PLA and PLW groups (p<0.05). After 24 hours of

slaughtering, the analyses were done at longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) to find

out meat quality traits. pH24 of CL, PLA and PLW groups were 5.71, 5.80

and 5.92, respectively (p<0.05) and it was found that CL and PLA groups has

lighter (L*) meat than PLW (p<0.05). PLA and PLW groups have higher

moisture and lower ether extract than CL group in rack joint (p<0.01).

Moreover, Longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus (SM), triceps brachii(TB),

subcutaneous (SC) and tail fat (TF) samples were used to evaluate fatty acid

composition. PUFA:SFA ratio of LD in CL, PLA and PLW were found as

0.14, 0.28 and 0.42 (P<0.01) while omega-6:omega-3 ratio found 8.42, 2.71

and 2.61 (P<0.001), respectively. PUFA:SFA ratio of SM, TB, TF and SC

were similar between PLA and PLW groups. In conclusion, lambs fed with

concentrate have heavier and fattier carcasses than pasture lambs with better

pH24 and WHC values. However, pasture lambs have significantly high

desirable fatty acids in comparison with concentrate lambs. On the other

hand, slaughtering pasture lambs with concentrate lambs at the same age has

better pH24 and L* and leaner carcass than slaughtering at the same live

weight with them.

Key words: Karakaş lamb, diet/management, slaughter weight, pasture,

omega-3

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

78

Effects of wholesaler and consumer conditions on egg quality parameters

in different seasons

Yenilmez, F.1, Uruk, E.

2, Serbester, U.

3, Çelik, L.

3

1Cukurova University, Vocational School of Tufanbeyli, Adana, Turkey;

2Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry, Adana, Turkey;

3Cukurova University, Agriculture Faculty, Animal Science Department,

Adana, Turkey

Summary

The present study was conducted to investigate whether effects of wholesaler

and consumer conditions on egg quality parameters in summer and winter

seasons. Two experiments were carried out with a total of 360 eggs obtained

from Lohman Brown hens 44 weeks old age in summer and with a total of

360 eggs obtained from 76 weeks of age same chickens in winter. The quality

criteria were evaluated the eggs stored under different temperature

conditions. Eggs were divided into two groups in each season. The groups

were stored in wholesaler conditions (28Cº summer, 21Cº winter) and

consumer conditions (+ 4Cº) for 4 weeks. External and internal quality traits

of eggs were measured weekly. Egg weight, shape index, breaking strength,

albumin index, yolk index, Haugh unit (HU), shell weight, and albumin pH

value were measured.

The results of the experiment, egg weight loss increased linearly with storage

time. These weight losses were higher in summer and wholesale condition.

According to the both experiments breaking strength, shell weight and shape

index were not affected by storage conditions, but albumin index, yolk index

and Haugh unit were also affected by storage conditions and different season

(P <0.01). The pH of the eggs which stored in the wholesaler conditions were

found higher than that stored in consumer eggs conditions in both seasons.

Internal quality characteristics were influenced by the storage temperature

during the storage period in both seasons.

As a result, egg qualities which are stored in the consumer conditions were

similarly determined in summer and winter season. The results suggest that

eggs which are stored wholesaler conditions can be safely consume for one

week of storage in summer time whereas egg of shelf life was elongated until

two weeks of storage in winter time.

Keywords: Egg quality, storage temperature, seasonal effects, shelf life

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

79

Determining the characteristics of reproduction and growth

performance of Morkaraman and Romanov x Morkaraman crossbreed

Turkyilmaz, D.1, Esenbuga, N.

1

1Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Atatürk University,

25240, Erzurum, Turkey

Summary

Morkaraman and Romanov x Morkaraman crossbreed (RxM) reproduction

traits and the growth properties of their lambs were investigated in research.

As a general mean of born varieties, parturition, infertility rate, lambing rate,

the number of fecundity and the number of litter size were determined as

0,926, 0,88, 0,12, 1,08, 1,039 and 1,115; 0,808, 0,90, 0,10, 1,61, 1,539 and

1,882, respectively. In reproduction traits, the difference between

Morkaraman and RxM lambs in the number of fecundity and litter size was

found highly significant (p<0.01). No significant differences were obtained

for pregnancy rate and parturition between Morkaraman and RxM lambs.

Average birth weight, weaning weights and post grazing weights of lambs

obtained the ewes were determined as 3,70, 17,81 and 23,93 kg in

Morkaraman lambs; 2,89, 17,14 and 22,32 kg in RxM lambs. The weight

difference between Morkaraman and RxM lambs at birth and at the end of

grazing period was found highly significant (p<0.01).

Keywords: Morkaraman, Romanov, crossbred, reproduction, growth

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

80

General situation of laying hen production in Turkey

Yenilmez, F.1, Uruk, E.

2

1Çukurova University, Vocational School of Tufanbeyli, Adana, Turkey

2Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry, Adana, Turkey

Summary

Rapid increase of the world population gives rise to the increase in the food

needs as well. The researches has been started to increase the resources

available, to find new sources and to obtain more products from existing

sources. The animal originated foods are required to meeting the needs of

protein and play an important role in our nutrition. Animal originated foods

should form aproximately half percentage of the daily protein need of adult.

It is important for healthy nutrition. Egg is one of poultry products which

people of all ages to satisfy the demand of animal protein with to produce is

easy and cheap, high nutrition value, high digestibility, low calorie value and

containing growth promoting materials.

The development of poultry in Turkey has been faster than other agricultural

activities. Being started to be performed for the purpose of meeting the egg

needs of families long time ago, poultry production has turned into

commercial organizations in today’s Turkey. According to the data of 2014,

there are totally 273 million number of chicken, 89 million number of them is

laying hens and 17.1billion number egg has been produced in Turkey. On the

other hand, organic egg production has being performed by 6 manufacturers

and totally 48 million number of organic eggs have being produced with 523

thousand laying hen. The amount of annual per capita egg consumption is

194 units in Turkey, while about 247 units in the United States. This is an

indication that, Turkey is self-sufficient country about egg production, but

inadequate country about consumption of egg.

The purpose of this review is to determine the status of the laying hen

production in Turkey. At the same time, to be raise awareness about benefits

of egg consumption and improvement of egg consumption habit for a healthy

lifestyle for adequate and balanced diet.

Keywords: Laying hen, egg production, benefits of egg consumption

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

81

Prevalence of four enteropathogens with immunochromatographic rapid

test in the feces of diarrheic calves in east and southeast of Turkey

Içen, H.1, Arserim, N.B.

2, Işık, N.

3, Özkan, C.

4*, Kaya, A.

4

1Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University

of Dicle,21180, Diyarbakır, Turkey; 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty

of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle,21180, Diyarbakır, Turkey; 3Laboratory of Research, Diagnosis and Control of Animal Diseases,

Microbiology, 21010,Diyarbakır, Turkey; 4Department of Internal Diseases,

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Yuzuncu Yil, 65080,

Van,Turkey; *e-posta: hasanicen@dicle.edu.tr

Summary

In this study, fecal specimens taken from 192 diarrheic and 14 healthy calves

(2-40days old) were examined for the presence of bacterial and parasitic

agents. Fecalsamples from diarrheic calves with the four

immunochromatographic rapid testswere 92.7% positive for four

enteropathogens. The individual prevalence was 25,21.8, 9.4 and 2.1% for

Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium parvum, E. coli K99 andCoronavirus,

respectively. Concomitant infections caused by two agents were15.6% for

Rotavirus+Cryptosporidium, 1.0% for Rotavirus+Coronavirus, 5.2%

forCryptosporidium+E. coli K99, and 7.3% for Rotavirus+E. coli K99.

Besidesconcomitant infections caused by three agents were 3.1% for

Cryptosporidium+Rotavirus+E.coli K99 and 1.0%,

Cryptosporidium+Rotavirus+Coronavirus. Inaddition one calf (1.0%) was

infected by combination of four agents asCryptosporidium, Rotavirus,

Coronavirus, and E. coli K99. The calculatedindividual prevalence was

56.9% for Rotavirus, 47.8% for C. parvum, 26.0% for E.coli K99 and 5.2%

for Coronavirus. However, 88 samples were positive in smeardetection for

Cryptosporidium while 92 were positive in rapid test. As a result ofthis study

it can be concluded that multiple etiologies of diarrhea can be seen andthis

can help in the development of a specific treatment and preventative

measuresfor practitioners in east and southeast of Turkey.

Key words: Calves, rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium, E. coli K99,

Diarrhea, Rapid diagnostic test

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

82

Effect of Dermanyssus gallinae on carcass composition and carcass

nutrient content from whole body analysis in Japanese quails

Erdem, H.1, Akbağ, H.I.

1, Demircan, A.

1, Konyalı, C.

2, Savaş, T.

1

1Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of

Animal Science, Turkey; 2Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Vocational

School of Lapseki, Turkey

Summary

Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer, 1778), is a blood-sucking ectoparasite of

many bird species. Although it can also problems in mammalian animals as

well as humans are causing. The poultry red mite caused anemia, decrease or

cessation of egg production, and in some cases death, especially in acute

infestations. This study investigated the infestation on carcass parts and

nutrient composition of whole carcasses in Japanese quails. In this study,

mite infested and non-infested each 40 one week old chicks were used. Food

and water are offered ad-libitum and lighting program was practiced 16 L: 8

D. The quails were slaughtered at an age of six weeks. LS-means for hot and

cold carcass weights were 166.98g, 165.54g for control group and

143.27g,141.55g for infested group respectively (P=0.0006). Breast, buttocks

and drumstick weights are determined 60.91g, 10.99g and 7.15g for control

group and, 52.02g, 9.80g and 6.47g for infested group respectively

(P=0.0221). Wing and neck weights are determined 6.23g and 4.50g for

control group and, 6.05g and 4.74g for infested groups respectively

(P=0.2133). The dry matter contents ratios were determined 37.21% for

control carcasses and 32.72% for infested group (P=0.0016). The differences

of crude protein ratio (22.84%, 22.06%), crude fat ratio (12.91%, 12.84%)

and ash ratio (2.84%, 2.77%) of the groups were not significant. The

infestation of the red mite caused significant weight losses in warm and cold

carcass. The significantly lower dry matter ratio of the bodies of the infected

group could be attributed to the immune response against the mite. A higher

lymph and edema may cause a higher water content of the body. However,

nutrient compositions of the carcasses are not affected by Dermanyssus

gallinae infestations.

Key words: Carcass parts, Biochemical Analyses, Crude Protein, Crude Fat,

İnfestation

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

83

Determination of Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in relation with tick

infest among sheep in Bursa

Coşkun, B.1*

, Savaş, T.1**

*baver@comu.edu.tr,

**turkersavas65@gmail.com,

1ÇOMÜ, Faculty of

Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Turkey

Summary

The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii

at sheep in city of Bursa. A total of 264 blood sera were collected from

aborted (194) and non-aborted (70) ewes during the 2006-2008 lambing

season and analysed for the presence of antibodies Coxiella burnetii by

ELISA method. In addition, tick samples were collected and knowledge

concerning tick prevention was acquired. A hundred (100) samples (51,56%)

of collected sera from 194 aborted sheep were determined seropositive. No

determined seropositivity was detected in healthy sheep. A significant

difference (P<0,001) between aborted and non-aborted healthy sheep was

concluded after the study. The statistical significance of seropositivity

between tick prevented and non-tick prevented sheep farms was found at a

level of P=0,35. In this study, it has been detected that the Coxiella burnetii

which is a zoonatic infection at the sheep farms in Bursa is common and may

cause a risk concerning the human health.

Key words: Coxiella burnetii, seroprevalence, tick, ELISA

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

84

The effect of calving season on some milk yield traits and physico-chemical

properties of Anatolian buffaloes

Şahin, A.1, Ulutaş, Z.

2, Yildirim, A.

3, Kul, E.

1, Uğurlutepe, E.

1*

1Ahi EvranÜniversity, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal Science,

40100, Kırşehir– Turkey; 2Niğde University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences

and Technologies, Animal Production and Technologies, 51240, Niğde–

Turkey; 3Gaziosmanpasa University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of

Animal Science, 60250, Tokat – Turkey;

* emre.ugurlutepe@ahievran.edu.tr

Summary

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stage of lactation on

some milk yield traits and physico-chemical properties of Anatolian buffaloes

reared under different farm conditions. The study materials included 1440

milk samples from 360 buffaloes raised at 95 farms of the Erbaa, Turhal,

Almus, and Pazar counties in the Tokat Province. Milk samples were

collected during the morning milking between the years of 2013 and 2014.

The study results demonstrated that the mean lactation milk yield, morning

milk yield, evening milk yield, daily milk yield, dry matter, nonfat dry

matter, fat, protein, lactose, density and freezing point degree (FPD) content

of the raw milk samples were 785.90±0.300 kg, 2.07±0.012 kg, 2.22±0.012

kg, 4.29±0.023 kg, 17.39±0.040%, 10.01±0.022%, 7.38±0.032%,

5.66±0.065%, 5.52±0,011%, 1030 g/cm3 and -0.460C, respectively. The

effect of calving season on this traits of Anatolian buffaloes was significant

(p<0.01).

Project Number: PYO-ZRT-4010.15.010

Key words: Anatolian Buffalo, morning, evening, daily milk yield

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

85

Effects of nutritional and environmental on meat quality

Karami, M.1

1Department of Animal Science Agriculture and Natural Resources Research

Center of Shahrekord, 415, Iran; karami_morteza@yahoo.com

Summary

Consumers are much more aware of the relationship between diet and health,

seeking for higher quality food to consume. The past decades were

characterized by changes in the trend of consumers regarding the

consumption of meat, since it is a source of fat in the human diet, especially

saturated fatty acids, which are associated with coronary diseases. In recent

years, the amount and type of fat in meat products have emerged as topics of

increasing concern to consumers, producers and government agencies.

Consumers who suffer from coronary problems are advised to choose low fat

or low saturated fat food/meat and high antioxidant sources products in an

attempt to reduce risk factors. In animal diets may improve both the quantity

and quality of the final product. Diet can influence the fatty acid composition

of ruminant meats. The major sources of saturated fatty acids include palm

oil, palm kernel oil, tallow and lard while olive and contain relatively high

amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids. Plant derived (canola, soybean,

sunflower, flaxseed, linseed oil, etc.) and marine oils (salmon, menhaden,

tuna, mackerel oil, etc.) are the most important sources of PUFA. Fat of

animal origin is accused for the development of arteriosclerosis, diabetes,

tumors and other civilization diseases. This forced the food producers to

deliver to the market some animal products with minimum content of fat

characterized with favorable fatty acid profile, to protect better the consumer

health. To improve the dietetic value of ruminant meat, in the feeding

programmed of animals the supplementation of the diet with either seed of

oil-bearing plants or plant oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids allows to modify

the profile of fatty acids in the animal tissues.

Key words: Nutrition, Environment, Meat, Cattle, Sheep, Goat

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

86

Analysis of official samples of fresh raw milk in the Central laboratory

for milk quality control in Croatia

Pintić Pukec, N.1, Stručić, D.

1, Solić, D.

1, Blažek, D.

1

1Croatian Agricultural Agency, PoljanaKriževačka 185, 48260 Križevci,

Croatia

Summary

The quality control system of raw milk for all milk producers and all dairies

acts since 2002 in the Republic of Croatia. Central Laboratory for quality

control of raw milk of the Croatian Agricultural Agency is authorized by the

Ministry of Agriculture to perform analysis of food and feed for the official

control. Samples of raw milk that does not meet the prescribed criteria in

accordance with the Ordinance on the quality of fresh raw milk OG 102 /00

are subjected to official control in accordance with the Regulations on the

examination of raw milk intended for public consumption (OG 110/10).

Sampling of official samples are carried out by licensed veterinarians and

delivered in some of the authorized official laboratory. It could be concluded

that control of official samples of fresh raw milk has a major contribution to

the improvement of good manufacturing practice and greatly contributes to

ensuring health safety and improving the overall quality of milk.

Key words: milk, quality, control, official samples, Croatia

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

87

GENETICS, BREEDING AND BIOMETRY

Poster presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

88

Genetic characterization and diversity of Kıvırcık sheep breed raised in

three different locations

Yilmaz, O.1, Cemal, İ.

1, Karaca, O.

1, Ata, N.

1

1Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science, Aydin, Turkey

Summary

Genetic characterization and diversity of Kıvırcık sheep breed (n=246) reared

in three different locations (Aydın, Bandırma and Eşme), were investigated

by 21 microsatellite markers recommended by FAO. The microsatellite

markers used in this study showed high levels of polymorphism. A total of

461 alleles were detected in Kıvırcık populations. The mean values of

polymorphic information content (PIC=0.84), observed heterozygosity

(Ho=0.81) and expected heterozygosity (He=0.85) proved that Kıvırcık

populations possess remarkable genetic variability. The mean number of

alleles ranged from 11.67 (Bandırma) to 17.05 (Eşme). The results

demonstrated that the microsatellite markers that were used were adequately

polymorphic, and these markers can be successfully used to investigate

genetic diversity in these three populations.

Key words: Microsatellite, genetic diversity, Kıvırcık

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

89

Type-I error rate and test power under normal and various symmetric

distribution in comparison of independent groups

Demir, E. Ö.1, Delialioğlu, R. A.

1, Kocabaş, Z.

1, Başpinar, E.

1

1Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science,

Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey

Summary

In comparison of two or more independent groups, if parametric methods are

used it’s assumed that data has normal distribution. Therefore, this simulation

study was undertaken to investigate the observed type-I error and test power

in case of various symmetric distribution. To do this, samples were taken

from normal(Z) and symmetric distributions (t(6), Beta(2,2), Laplace(0,4)

and Weibull(3.6,1)). The simulation program was run 1000000 times. The

results of this study indicated that pre-determined power of test and type I

error rate wasn’t obtained for small sample size for symmetric distribution,

except for the normal distribution. However, as sample sizes increase, the

results of symmetric distributions were resembled to normal distribution. As

a result, it would be recommended that if there’s enough observation in the

compared groups, the parametric methods could be applied to the data that

has symmetric distribution, but not normal.

Key words: Simulation, Type I error rate, Power of test, Normal distribution,

Symmetric distribution

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

90

The comparison of lactation curve with different models in Anatolian

water buffalo

Soysal, M.İ.1, Gürcan, E.K.

1, Aksel, M.

2

1Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science, Tekirdag, Turkey; 2Istanbul Water Buffalo Breeders Association,

Turkey

Summary

In this study, biometry of lactation was investigated to use daily milk yield

records of Anatolian water buffalo. Wood and Wilmink models were used at

the present study. All animals raised a private farm in Istanbul and grouped

according to number of lactation. The lactation period and total lactation milk

yield averages were found 244 days, 1567.3 kg for all animals respectively.

The highest determination coefficients were founded at third lactation for

Wood and Wilmink models as 0.77, 0.75 respectively. At the same time,

persistency (S), maximum milk yields (Ymax) and the time of obtaining the

milk yield (Tmax) values were calculated for Wood model. Persistency (S),

Ymax and Tmax values were found as 7.07, 7.44 (kg) and 67.26 (day) for

general groups, respectively. As a result, Wood and Wilmink models were

acceptable similarly and whole lactation curves were found as standard

lactation curve type according to sign of the parameters in the model.

Key words: Anatolian Water Buffalo, lactation curve, Wood model, Wilmink

model

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

91

Studies on Turkey new sheep types

Kaymakçı, M.1 Ataç, F.E.

2, Gevrekçi, Y.

3

1 mustafa.kaymakci68@gmail.com, Prof. Dr., Ege University, Turkey

2 funda.erdogan.atac@ege.edu.tr, Dr., Ege University, Turkey

3 yakut.gevrekci@ege.edu.tr, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ege University, Turkey

Summary

Pure husbandry and selection studies were conducted in public breeding

institutions with Republic of Turkey in order to breeding of several various

traits of Turkey domestic sheeps. In these studies limited genetic progress can

be achieved was appeared to be a general acceptance. Therefore, in the

breeding of domestic breeds, a method has been favored the crossbreeding

studies with highly yield culture breeds. Initially starting with only Merino

improvement crossbreeding studies then later continued with milk and meat

yields too. In the crossbreeding studies sheeps with wool, meat wool, meat

and milk productions have been obtained by rotational and combination

crossbreeding Major Wool Yield Types; Karacabey Merino, Malya sheep,

Anatolian Merinos and Central Anatolia Merino (Konya Merino).The

creation of Meat-Wool Yield, initally Rambouillet, Ile de France and Texel,

then Border Leicester, Hampshire, Dorset Down, Lincoln and German

Blackheaded Mutton Sheep like several meat sheeps were used. Types of

them; Ramlıç, Menemen Sheep and others.

For Milk and Fertility Tahirova, Sonmez, Acıpayam and Türkgeldi types

considered. Finally Turktahirova is created by combining Türkgeldi with

Tahirova.

Key words: Turkey, crossbreeding, sheep, wool types, meat-wool types, milk

and fertility types

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

92

Using generalized linear mixed modeling in repeated measures in animal

data and SAS’s GLIMMIX applications

Ser, G.1, Okut, H.

1, Yılmaz, M.C.

1

1Yüzüncü Yil University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal

Science, Van-Turkey

Summary

Mixed models are the models preferred most especially frequently in

repeated data designs. These models provide several advantages such as not

requiring a balanced data structure, flexibility these ensure in modelling

variance-covariance structures in data design having a repeated structure and

monitoring individual changes by including random effects as well as fixed

effects. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) is a quite well approach

for the data having non-normal distribution in the event that there are random

effects available within data. Particularly, these are used in data having non-

normal distribution in the field of animal sciences (for example, animal

behaviour studies, panel tests etc.). Application principles of PROC

GLIMMIX procedure in SAS program was introduced in this study. These

aims, sample data on animal science were provided. For this reason,

Compound Symmetry (CS), First Order Autoregressive (AR(1)), Unstructure

(UN), Toeplitz (TOEP), Heterogeneous ARH(1) Heterogeneous Toeplitz

(TOEPH) structures are modelled together with three different model

algorithms in determination of variance-covariance structures between

repeated measurements within PROC GLIMMIX in this study. Created

model algorithms are models that are random intercept, random slope,

random intercept and slope. The best variance-covariance structures was

selected on the basis of goodness of fit criteria such as AIC (Akaike's

Information Criterion) and BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion). Together

with obtaining the covariance parameters estimations from GLIMMIX

output, some information on status of individuals in the beginning, rates of

change, within-individual variability are obtained. In conclusion, in the

analysis of generalized linear mixed model, the researcher will reach a

detailed output, powerful and beneficial information thanks to model

algorithms of SAS’s GLIMMIX procedure.

Key words: Generalized linear mixed model, repeated data, covariance

structure

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

93

Comparison of predictive ability performance of Bayesian

regularization, Levenberg-Marguardt and scaled conjugant gradient

learning algorithms in artificial neural networks

Yilmaz, M.C.1, Ser, G.

1, Okut, H.

1

1Yüzüncü Yil University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal

Science, Van, Turkey

Summary

In the analysis of data sets contain a large number of parameters such as

genomewide dense markers may not be amenable to classic statistical

modeling. Therefore, there is a growing interest in non-parametric methods

can combine parameters comprise common information. Some of these

methods are LASSO, ridge regression, reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces,

BayesA, BayesB, BayesC, BayesCpi and artificial neural networks (ANN).

ANNs become prominent due to they can include non-linear relationships

and interaction terms in their architecture by way of a series of

transformations called activation functions which may be critical in the study

of quantitative traits and complex diseases. Thus, the objective of present

study was to compare ability of predicting relationships between dense

markers and complex traits of three basic learning algorithms (Bayesian

regularization (BR), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), scaled conjugate gradient

(SCG) for ANN. Data from 599 wheat lines with 1,279 Diversity Arrays

Technology (DArT) markers and phenotype (grain yield) information were

used for the analysis. Predictive performance of learning algorithms was

evaluated using predictive correlation and mean squared error of prediction.

A linear and three non-linear neural network architectures which have

neurons from one to three in their hidden layers were trained and examined

using each learning algorithms via MATLAB’s neural networks toolbox. In

conclusion, BR’s predictive performance was significantly better than the

other two learning algorithms and followed by SCG and LM respectively.

Additionally, it can be concluded that relationship between marker genotypes

and quantitative trait is linear in the wheat data as there is not considerable

difference between linear and non-linear neural networks with all three

learning algorithms.

Key words: Artificial neural networks, learning algorithms, dense markers

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

94

Comparison of DNA marker technologies and SNPs applications in

animal breeding programs

Gunduz, Z.1, Yilmaz, O.

2, Cemal, İ.

2, Biçer, O.

1

1Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey

2Adnan Menderes University, Turkey

Summary

In recent years, molecular genetic technologies allowed to identify genetic

structure in farm animals have great advantages for animal breeding.

Especially, in developed countries these methods began to be widely used to

assist animal breeding studies. It can be said that there are various molecular

genetic markers. These markers can be classified by taking into consideration

a number of factors such as the principle of the detection technique, type of

polymorphism, etc. SNP chip technologies, which are one of the most

important developments in molecular genetics field, have provided genomic

breeding value estimation and genomic selection in farm animals. In this

review, SNPs and other genetic markers and their usage in animal breeding

were discussed.

Key words: Molecular markers, SNPs, animal breeding

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

95

Using of mitochondrial DNA in animal genetics

Ata, N.1, Cemal, İ.

1, Yilmaz, O.

1

1Adnan Menderes University, Agriculture Faculty, Animal Science

Deparment, Aydın, Turkey

Summary

Mitochondrial DNA has some advantages in terms of not only followed

maternal inheritance, transmitted to the progeny by replicative segregation

but also its mutation rate higher than the nuclear DNA. Hence, it can be

revealed phylogenetic relationships because of having calculated genetic

distances in both breeds and among individuals. Also, origin of food can be

detected by some markers that species-specific mtDNA regions. In the

medical field, some diseases were found which mtDNA based. Therefore, in

recent years, the structure and function of mtDNA are extensively used for

molecular evolution, population genetics, classification of species, forensic

medicine, diagnosis of diseases, mechanism of apoptosis and quantitative

trait loci. This review aimed to be summarized structure, functions and

related studies of mtDNA's in recent years.

Key words: Mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA adventages, molecular genetics,

genetic diversity

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

96

Polymorphism of the ABCG2 gene in the Southern Anatolian sheep

population

Kiraz, S.1, Koncagul, S.

2

1University of Harran, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science

2University of Ankara, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science

Summary

ABCG2 protein (ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 [Ovis aries])

located in membrane of mammary glands alveolar epithelial cells, is one of

the most important active transport protein and responsible for passing of

drugs from blood to milk. ABCG2 protein (NP_001072125) consists of 658

amino acids. ABCG2 protein encoded by the ABCG2 gene. ABCG2 is

located on chromosome 6 in sheep. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood

using Genomic DNA Purification Kit according to the manufacturer's

instructions. A number of fragment were sequenced, including the exon 7

region, in samples collected from 16 Awassi and 16 White karaman sheep.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified.

Key words: ABCG2 gene, Sheep, SNP

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

97

Domestication in aquaculture

Bozkurt, Y.1

1Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology,

Department of Aquaculture, İskenderun, Hatay, Turkey

Summary

Domestication of animals have been one of the most important events in the

history of mankind. It has increased the amount of available food and has

supported the growth of human population and their capability to expand into

new environments and has influenced mankind’s cultural evolution. From

this point of view, animal domestication has involved selection for food

reduced aggresissiveness, earlier sexual maturity, tolerance for living in

confinement and a number of morphological traits. Domestication is

beneficial in aquaculture, because it produces more docile fish, those that

thrive on artificial feed which increases growth rate and those that tolerate

crowding, handling and degraded water quality conditions that might induce

stress and subsequent disease. In aquaculture, domestication is regarded as an

acclimatization to captive conditions. Rapid growth rate and induced

spawning in captive conditions are the key factors for domestication in

aquaculture.

Key words: domestication, aquaculture, acclimatization, captivity, selection

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

98

Comparison of some tests for testing interaction effect in time-course

microarray experiments

Tran, N.Q.1, Kocak, M.

1, Mendeş, M.

2

1Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of

Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis-TN, USA; 2Çanakkale Onsekiz

Mart University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science,

Biometry and Genetics Unit-Çanakkale, Turkey

Summary

Microarray technology enables us to measure expression levels for several

thousand genes simultaneously, and it is required to filter out those that are

not differently expressed. Using more appropriate statistical test or methods

for analyzing time-course microarray data sets is very crucial to obtain

reliable results as well as other microarray experiments. In this study, we

compared the performances of four commonly statistical methods namely

maSigPro, BATS, RM-ANOVA, and Classical Repeated Measurement

ANOVA with Monte Carlo Simulation Methods under different experimental

conditions. The results of simulation studies suggested that the BATS and the

maSigPro are generally more appropriate methods than the ANOVA-based

methods. Although the performances of the ANOVA-based methods are

generally lower than those of the BATS and the maSigPro, the ANOVA-

based methods have a good performance for the short-term data sets. But,

when the period length extends the performances of these tests get worse.

Based on these results it is possible to conclude that for the short-term time-

course microarray data sets the ANOVA-based methods may be preferred to

the BATS. Results of this study also suggested that the performances of these

methods are affected from different factors but the major factors are the

period length and profile types. On the other hand, even though the period

length and the profile type are two important factors that affect the

performances of the methods they may not be enough to evaluate the

performances of these methods more detail. Since gene expression levels in a

given cell can be influenced by different factors, it can be needed to consider

some other new factors especially population prevalence values, changes in

number of replication, effect of missing value, effect of outliers as well. Notice: This manuscript has been created from BIDEB-2219 International Post

Doctoral Research Fellowship Program in 2013 (first term) which supported by

the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK).

Key words: time-course microarray, maSigPro, BATS, sensitivity, specificity

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

99

A study on the live weight increase on the young Anatolian water

buffoloes according to the months with the profile analysis method

Ağyar, O.1*, Üçkardeş, F.

2, Küçükönder, H.

3, Şahin, M.

4

1Adiyaman University, Kahta Vocational School, Department of Veterinary,

Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Adiyaman, Turkey; 2Adiyaman

University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical

Informatics, Adiyaman, Turkey; 3Bartin University, Faculty of Economics

and Administrative Sciences, Bartin, Turkey; 4Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam

University, Agricultural Faculty, Animal Science Department,

Kahramanmaraş, Turkey; *e-posta: oguzagyar@gmail.com,

Tel:+90 (506) 531 63 88, Fax: +90 (416) 725 77 92

Summary

In this study, live weight gain changes among genders according to the

months in young buffalo cub was investigated. With this aim, 25 female, 30

male young anatolian river buffaloes in the city named Muş were weighed as

30, 60, 90, 120, 180 days respectively. Profil analysis was used in order to

determine whether live weight gain shows parallelism or not according to the

months (P>0.05) and no parallelism has been observed over live weight

according to the months. Moreover, a significant increase among months in

terms of genders according to multivariate analysis results was found

(MANAVO) (P<0.05). The importance of live weight gain among genders in

the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months was defined (P<0.05). Live weight of males in

this month was determined higher when compared to females.

Key words: Anatolian Water Buffalo, Breeding, Profil Analysis, Live Weight

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

100

Modeling of individual lactation curve of Anatolia water buffalo

Ağyar, O.1*

, Şahin, M.2, Dal, B.

2

1Adiyaman University, Kahta Vocational School, Department of Veterinary,

Laboratory and Veterinary Health, Adiyaman, Turkey; 2Kahramanmaraş

Sütçü İmam University, Agricultural Faculty, Animal Science Department,

Kahramanmaraş, Turkey; *e-posta: oguzagyar@gmail.com,

Tel:+90 (506) 531 63 88, Fax: +90 (416) 725 77 92

Summary

In this study, modeling of individual lactation curves of Anatolia river

Buffalo has been aimed. For this purpose, "Muş Province Folk Crafts in

Anatolian Buffalo Breeding Project" within the scope of 70 buffalo, 7 days a

total of 490 records of the control milk has been used. In the modeling of

individual lactation curves of the Anatolian river buffalo, Wood, Milman

Link, Logarithmic linear, spline and Grossman linear models has been used.

The mean squared error and adjusted coefficient of determination as a model

selection criterion has been taken into consideration. In the autocorrelation

control for models, Durbin-Watson statistic test has been used. As a result,

Wood model has been detected as the best model for the modeling of

individual lactation curve of the Anatolia river buffalo (mean square error:

0.508, adjusted R square: 0978, Durbin-Watson; 2.66), while the worst model

log-linear (mean square error: 0537 adjusted R square: 0654, Durbin-Watson,

2633).

Key words: Anatolia River Buffalo, Individual Lactation Curve

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

101

Estimation of genetic parameters for somatic cell scores of Holsteins in

Iran

Talebi, M.A.1, Dehghani, A.

2

1Animal Science Research Department, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari

Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Shahrekord,

Iran, 2Department of Animal Science, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic

Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Summary

The study was conducted to analyze the genetic parameters of somatic cell

score (SCS) of Holstein cows in Esfahan province, Iran. Test-day records of

somatic cell counts (SCC) of 305-day lactation design from first to fifth

lactations were collected on Holsteins during 2002 to 2014. Somatic cell

scores were calculated. Records of animals at the first, second, third, fourth

and fifth parities were analyzed. Lactation averages of SCS (LSCS1 through

LSCS5) were derived by further adjustments of each test-day SCS for five

age groups in particular lactations. All LSCS traits were treated as individual

trait and, analyzed through bivariate animal models. The mean LSCS of five

lactations were between 2.980 and 3.956. Heritability estimates were within

the range of 0.04 to 0.12 for all LSCS. Heritability was the highest at

lactation 5 (0.12) and lowest at lactation 1 (0.04). Genetic correlations

between LSCS traits were moderate (0.38 to 0.52).

Key words: Somatic Cell Score, Animal Model, Genetic Parameters, Holstein

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

102

Polymorphism of prolactin (PRL) gene in the East Anatolian red raised

as genetic resource in Turkey

Sonmez, Z.1, Ozdemir, M.

1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University,

25240 Erzurum, Turkey

Summary

Prolactin plays an important regulatory function in mammary gland

development, milk secretion and expression of milk protein genes. This is a

candidate gene and a potential genetic marker for production traits in dairy

animals. In this study, native East Anatolian Red cattle, three different exons

of prolactin gene were examined by PCR-RFLP method and the gene and

genotype frequencies were determined. In the analysis of exon 1, we used

HaeIII while RsaI restriction enzymes for exon 3 and exon 4. PCR-RFLP

analysis was resulted with monomorphic genotype in exon I for the

population. AA, AB and BB genotype frequencies in exon 3 were 0.59, 0.34

and 0.07 and, AA, AG and GG genotype frequencies in exon 4 were 0.01,

0.51 and 0.48 for EAR cattle. In prolactin exon 3 the population was in the

H-W equilibrium (p>0.05) but in the exon 4 was not in the H-W equilibrium

(p<0.05).

Keywords: Prolactin gene, Polymorphism, PCR-RFLP, genetic resource,

cattle

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

103

Examination of multivariate multiple linear regression analysis

Günaşti, N.E.1, Topal, M.

1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University,

25240 Erzurum, Turkey

Summary

Regression analysis is a statistical method determining the functional

relationship between dependent (Y1, Y2, . . . , Yq) and independent (X1, X2,

. . . , Xp) variables. In regression model, if there are one dependent (Y1) and

one independent (X1) variables, the simple liner regression is used, if there

are one dependent variable (Y1) and more than one independent variables

(X1, X2, . . . , Xp), multiple linear regression model is used, and if there are

more than one dependent (Y1,Y2, . . . , Yq) and more than one independent

variables (X1, X2, . . . , Xp) multivariate multiple linear regression model is

used. The fundamental purpose of regression analysis is to determine the best

method in order to predict the dependent variable or variables. Besides

canonical correlation used for analyzing the relationship among data sets, the

function obtained by multivariate multiple linear regression analysis can also

determine the effect of which independent variable on dependent variable. In

the study data sets, Ivesi sheeps’ live weight, (LW), cold carcass weight

(CCW), refer to dependent variable, chest depth, (CD), height at withers

(HW), thigh circumference (TC), forehead length (FL), and head width

(HW/), refer to independent variable. Canonical correlation coefficient and

multiple determining coefficient have been used in order to determine the

relationship between dependent and independent variables.

Keywords: Multivariate Multiple Linear Regression, Multiple Linear

Regression, Coefficient Estimation, Simple Linear Regression

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

104

The relationship between von Willebrand factor gene and von

Willebrand factor antigen levels in dogs*

Aslan, Ö.1, Arslan, K.

2, Keleş, İ.

1, Akyüz, B.

2, Ulusan, M.

1, İlgar, E.G.

2,

Akçay, A.3

1Erciyes University, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey; 2Erciyes University, Department of Genetic,

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey; 3Erciyes University,

Department of Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey

Summary

In this study, to investigate the relationship between plasma vWF antigen

level and polymorphism occurring due to the leucine (L) to proline (P)

substation at position 2380 in exon 42 in vWF gene in dogs was aimed.

The present study was performed in 161 dogs of various breeds and ages (95

male, 66 female) referred to Faculty of Veterinary Clinics at Erciyes

University between January 2014 and 2015. Blood samples were collected in

EDTA and Na citrate tubes after clinical examination of dogs. PT, APTT,

TT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, thrombocyte, vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) levels and

vWF gene were determined from the blood samples. Genotypes were

examined using PCR and restriction endonucleas enzymes. In the laboratory

examination, 34 (21.1%) of the cases were positive and 127 (78.9%) of the

cases were negative with concern to von Willebrand. The genotype of vWF

gene was not statistically significant in both positive and negative dogs with

concern to vWF: Ag values (P=0.675). When comparison were made in

terms of proportional distribution in positive and negative dogs, statistical

importance were not observed between genotype and the disease ratio

(P=0.969).

In conclusion, relationship between vWF gene and vWF level were not

determined in dogs.

Key words: coagulation, dog, haemostasis, mutation, von Willebrand faktor

(vWF)

*This study was supported by funding from Erciyes University (project no:

TSA-2013-4375)

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

105

LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEMS AND

MARKETING

Poster presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

106

Effect of barn and free-range production systems on some growth traits

of geese

Boz, M.A.1, Sarica, M.

2, Yamak, U.S.

2

1Bozok University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department

of Animal Science, Yozgat, Turkey; 2Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of

Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Samsun, Turkey

Summary

In this study, the effect of different production systems (barn and free-range)

on live weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and viability of geese

were investigated in 18 weeks production period.

Artificially hatched 104 local Turkish geese at day old age were used in the

study. Each production system had 4 replicates. 12-13 goslings were

randomly allocated to each compartment in the dimensions of 3x3 m. All

goslings were reared in barn conditions until the age of 41 days, and then half

of the goslings started to use free-range area (3x11 m for each compartment).

The free-range area was enriched with meadow grass and clover additional to

natural grass. Wood shavings were used as litter (42 kg for each

compartment), feed and water given adlibidum in the study. The geese were

fed with commercial feed with the ingredients of 19% CP, 11.7 MJ/kg ME

from hatch to 6 weeks; and 18% CP, 11.3 MJ/kg ME between the ages of 7-

18 weeks.

The live weights at hatch, 4, 8, 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks were found as 88-91,

1885-1935, 4053-4042, 4712-4760, 4967-4923, 5146-5045ve 5226-5197 g

respectively in barn and free-range systems. The differences between live

weight, feed conversion ratio and viability among production systems were

found insignificant at the ages of 8, 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks. male geese had

higher live weights at all ages.

In conclusion, insignificant differences between growth traits at different

production systems showed that free-range system could be used for

providing welfare standards to geese.

Key words: Geese, production system, live weight, feed consumption, feed

conversion ratio

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

107

Comparison of growth performance and carcass quality of crossbred

and purebred beef calves reared under organic conditions

Çakmakçı, C.1,5*

, Jørgensen, K.F.2, Kristensen, T.

3, Kargo, M.

4,

Vestergaard, M.1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus

University, Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; 2Knowledge Centre for

Agriculture, Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; 3Department

of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University,

Foulum, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; 4Department of Molecular Biology and

Genetics, Faculty of Science and Technology Aarhus University, Nordre

Ringgade 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; 5Department of Animal Science,

Faculty of Agriculture, Yuzuncu Yil University, Zeve, 65080 Van, Turkey; *Correspondence (e-mail:cakmakcicihan@gmail.com; tel:+90 432 225 10 24-2647)

Summary

The objective of the present study was to compare growth performance and

carcass quality of spring-born crossbred Limousine x Holstein bulls (CB) and

Limousine x Holstein heifers (CH) with Holstein bulls (HB) reared under

organic conditions. The study included 15 HB, 15 CB and 15 CH purchased at

20 d of age. Calves were kept indoor in groups of 5 animals until weaning at 3

mo. ADG from birth to weaning was 724 g/d and not different between

treatment groups. Calves were gradually introduced to a grass-silage based ration

from 3 to 4 mo, and were raised on a mixed ryegrass-white clover pasture from 4

to 7 mo. During winter, animals were housed in deep litter stalls and kept in the

same groups of 5 animals and fed a grass-haylage ration. ADG during winter

was 1012, 1052 and 930 g/d for HB, CB and CH, respectively. The second

summer, animals were grazing in a rotational paddock system (18 paddocks) in

the same groups of 5 animals (9 groups) and generally moved to a new sward

every week. Animals were slaughtered directly from pasture in mid-august (3 x 5

animals, one block) or early September (6 x 5 animals, two blocks). Before turn-

out, during 1st summer, and during 2nd winter, HB and CB had higher ADG

than CH (P<0.02). During the first 11 wk of 2nd summer, ADG of HB, CB and

CH were 1081, 1357 and 847 g/d (SE 50 g/d, P<0.001). LW at slaughter was

534, 575 and 480 kg and ADG from birth to slaughter was 948, 1018 and 841

g/d for HB, CB, and CH, respectively (P<0.001). Carcass wt, EUROP

conformation, and fatness was 272, 315 and 249 kg, 3.0, 7.0 and 5.3, and 1.0, 1.2

and 2.9 for DB, CB and CH, respectively (P<0.001). Crossbreeding markedly

improved conformation but fatness of pasture-fed bulls was not acceptable.

Key words: Organic beef production, cross-breeding, growth performance,

carcass quality

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

108

The effect of pre-slaughter stress on beef quality: incidence of DFD

Çakmakçi, C.1*

, Karaca, S.

1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yüzüncü Yıl

University, Zeve, 65080-Van, Turkey; *Correspondence (e-mail:cakmakcicihan@gmail.com; tel:+90 432 225 10 24-2647)

Summary

Animal handling and transportation are mainly stressful pre-slaughter events

which cause problems such as dark cutting or DFD (dark, firm and dry) and

carcass bruising for animals during farm to abattoir. Magnitude of any

adverse effects may vary depending on the type, duration, level and animal

sensitivity to pre-slaughter stress. Due to stress, the concentrations of

glucocorticoids such as cortisol increases in blood and this leads to depletion

of muscle glycogen storage. Ultimate high pH of beef is caused by depletion

in muscle glycogen and inability to provide adequate lactic acid accumulation

in muscle depending on pre-slaughter physiological stressors. Post-slaughter

main problem is DFD meat which posed by high level of pH (pH>6.0) in

carcass of cattle exposed to pre-slaughter stress. DFD problem cause

significant economic losses in meat industry. Pre-slaughter stress factors

could be studied under two viewpoint: intrinsic factors such as species, breed,

age and sex, and extrinsic factors as production system, season, fasting

situation, exercise, handling, transport, lairage conditions etc. In addition to

poorer meat quality and economic losses, stress can also negatively affect

animal welfare. Therefore, measures to be taken regarding the welfare of

animals intended to eliminate stress factors can also improve carcass and

meat quality. Animals may suffer from different degree of bruising and injury

as a result of fighting related to mixing with strange animals or overcrowding

during transportation and lairage. Although lairageing is to enable animals to

rest and to recover from transportation stress, it can be a major source of meat

quality problems. Especially bulls that housed with strange animals prone to

have high DFD incidence due to their more aggressive behaviors during

lairage. Therefore, these can be reduced in order to limit the physical activity

by lowering stocking density and restraining or housing bulls individually.

This review highlights on some of the things to consider in handling animals

for remediating and preventing pre-slaughter stress, and possible effect on

meat and carcass quality.

Key words: ultimate pH, dark cutting, animal welfare, transport

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

109

Impact of recent socio-political conflicts over the prices of agricultural

products in Central African Republic

Kingueleoua, K.K.C.1*

, Canyurt, M.A.2, Kengeueleoua, A.K.

3

1EgeUniversity, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Izmir,

Turkey; 2EgeUniversity, Faculty of Fisheries, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey;

3Votre

institution Svp Tonton; *Corresponding author: karlking07@yahoo.fr

Summary

The CAR is a country rich in natural resources: it has one of the richest

faunas in Africa, an agro demographic potential of over 70 to 80 million

people, while its population is only about 5 million and a major forest

reserves besides its rich basement rich in diamonds, uranium, gold and oil.

The Central African well watered soil (1800 mm per year on average) and

sunny (tropical belt) is very fertile. This allowed, a few years ago, a glut of

agricultural commodities on markets.

However, the Central African Republic is in the heart of a deeply unstable

region, shaken by a succession of violent events and conflicts between

different political and military elites. The latest of these armed conflicts,

which has been the most violent and most bruised, has led, among others, to a

scarcity of prime agricultural products of vegetal origin such as vegetables,

spices, tubers, fruit or of animal origin such as meat, milk, eggs, fish ... that

constitute the major food ingredients of a typical Central African household.

That's why we have decided to assess the impact of these conflicts on the

prices of agricultural products in some markets of the capital Bangui. To

achieve our goals, we made a comparative study of the prices of these

commodities before (2012), during and after the conflict (March 2014).

According to that study, we conclude that recent conflicts have significant

effects on the prices of agricultural products on the markets.

Key words: agricultural products

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

110

Evaluation of site selection criteria in livestock farm with Analytic

Hierarchy Process

Kurc, H.C.1, Kocaman, I.

1Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Biosystem Engineering

Department, Turkey

Summary

In order to ensuring either environmental or economical sustainability in

livestock farms, site selection is first stage have to be considered. Settlement

areas, water bodies, surface and subsurface water sources, soil and land

conditions should be considered as site selection criteria with regard to

preventing environmental issues arise from animal wastes. Besides, other

criteria such as climate conditions, topography, vegetation situations,

infrastructure, transportation and marketing possibilities have great

importance to enabling maximum production efficiency.

Generally, the criteria are evaluated based on some limit values and

independent of each others in site selection of livestock farms. This situation

makes hard resolving of site selection problem with integrated approach. The

criteria are taking part of site selection in livestock farms should be ranked

considering current conditions. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a

multi-criteria decision-making method, secondary criteria are able to be

compared each other and significance level of main criteria are able to be

determined within AHP. In this reason, AHP has significant potential to

resolve site selection problem of livestock farm as well as other sectors.

In this study, The Analytic Hierarchy Process were emphasized in order to

resolve site selection problem of livestock farm.

Key words: livestock farms, site selection, analytic hierarchy process

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

111

Effects of breeder age on egg characteristics, incubation length and chick

development

Babacanoğlu, E.1

Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Yüzüncü Yıl

University, Van, Turkey; *Corresponding author: babacanogluelif@yyu.edu.tr

Summary

Hatching egg weight is associated with increasing broiler breeder age

influences embryogenesis, incubation length and chick development.

Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of broiler breeder age on

egg characteristics, egg water loss, total incubation length and chick

development. A total of 600 eggs were obtained from broiler breeders at 4

different ages; 30, 40, 51 and 57 weeks of age. Eggs were divided equally

into 4 groups (150 eggs/breeder age) and incubated. Prior to incubation, egg

characteristics were measured. Relative egg water loss was calculated at 18th

day of incubation. External piping and hatching times were determined

between 460 and 516 h of incubation. At hatch, chick weight and length,

weights of yolk sac, heart and liver were determined.

With increasing the broiler breeder age, egg weight increased, percentage

eggshell weight and yolk index decreased. Percentage albumen weight and

eggshell weight per unit of surface area were higher while percentage yolk

weight and yolk weight/albumen weight were lower in eggs from 30 weeks

of age than in eggs from the other ages. Egg water loss in eggs from 40

weeks of age was significantly higher than eggs from the other ages. The

longest external piping and hatching times were obtained at 30 and 40 weeks

of age. The heaviest and the longest chicks were obtained from the oldest

breeders. The percentage yolk sac weight increased at 51 weeks of age. The

percentage liver weight decreased significantly with increasing breeder age.

In conclusion, broiler breeder age influenced incubation lenght, furthermore,

it has significant effects on egg characteristics which is directly related to the

chick development.

Keywords: Broiler breeder, breeder age, chick development, hatching egg

characteristics

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

112

REPRODUCTION, PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY

Poster presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

113

Changes in body weight, body fat, lipid profile and proinflammatory

markers in rats after administration of sucrose and aspartame

Sandeva, R.1, Sandeva, G.

1, Tsoneva, V.

2, Nancheva-Koleva, K.

2,

Mihaylova, S.1

1 Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

2 University Hospital, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

Summary

The excessive consumption of natural sweeteners is considered a major cause

for body mass increase. Aspartame (ASM) as a hypocaloric artificial

sweetener is implicated in the development of obesity and metabolic disease,

despite the intention of limiting the caloric intake. The mechanisms

responsible for this association remain unclear. On the other hand, obese and

diabetic individuals consume more diet soft drinks and ASM-containing

products than non-diabetics. Aim of this study was to examine the impact of

8-week consumption of sucrose or low dose aspartame on anthropometric

and metabolic parameters in laboratory Wistar rats. Ad libidum sweeteners

were added to the drinking water of two groups of seven male rats, each

weighting circa 250 g: Group 1, 10% sucrose; Group 2, 0,3% aspartame.

Group 3 (control, 7 rats) drank water. All studied animals had limited access

to food (standard chow diet). The daily volume of fluids and food

consumption, and weekly gain of body mass were assessed. Results indicated

that sucrose solution promoted the highest caloric consumption and body

mass gain, statistically different from the control and aspartame groups

(p<0,05). Rats that drank water with aspartame ingested the same amount of

food and had a caloric intake similar to the control group. Levels of serum

glucose, triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol were significantly increased

in the sucrose group. C-reactive protein, urea, ASAT and ALAT were also

highest in the sucrose group, while in the aspartame group the increase was

not significant compared to controls. Administration of low doses of

aspartame, although associated with slight increase in weight and changes in

metabolic parameters, causes pro-inflammatory changes in the liver,

expressed in an increase of C-reactive protein and liver transaminases. These

results imply that artificial sweeteners can cause metabolic disease at higher

doses. More research is needed to determine the effect of aspartame on the

incidence of obesity, diabetes type 2 and other chronic noninfectious

diseases.

Key words: aspartame, sucrose, obesity, C-reactive protein, Wistar rats

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

114

Haematological parameters in Alpine goats during pregnancy

Antunović, Z.1, Novoselec, J.

1, Domaćinović M.

1, Đidara, M.

1, Klir Ž.

1

1Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, P. Svacica 1 d, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

Summary

The aim of this paper was to determine the movement of haematological

parameters in the blood of goats during pregnancy. The research included 24

French Alpine goats during winter feeding season. Goats were divided per 8

in the group according stage of pregnancy (up to 3 months, from 3 to 4

months, and more than 4 months). Feeding of goats was with a mixture of

grains and meadow hay. In the blood of goats were determined

concentrations of the haematological parameters (white blood cell count –

WBC and red blood cells count – RBC as well as content of haemoglobin,

haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume – MCV, mean corpuscular

haemoglobin – MCH and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration –

MCHC) and relative ratio of the individual cells of leukocytes (lymphocytes,

neutrophils seg., eosinophils, monocytes and basophils). A significant

decrease (P<0.05) in the content of RBC (from 15.16 to 13.11 x 1012

/L) and

haemoglobin (from 114.43 to 98.17 g/L) in the blood of goats during

pregnancy were determined. Analysing the distribution of leukocytes is

evident decline in the number of lymphocytes (from 60.86 to 57.00%) and

eosinophils (from 3.14 to 1.83%) as well as increase segmented neutrophils

(from 34.57 to 38.17%) and basophils (from 0.29 to 1.00%) in the blood of

goats during pregnancy, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05).

Comparing determined haematological parameters with reference values in

the blood of goats during various stages of pregnancy, significant differences

were not evident. Mentioned above indicates that in determining

haematological parameters in the research model should include the stage of

pregnancy and goat breeds.

Key words: Alpine goats, haematological parameters, pregnancy, breed

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

115

Some reproductive traits in Turkey domestic sheep breeds

Ataç, F.E.1, Kaymakçi, M.

2, Arsoy, D.

3, Üstener, H.

4

1 funda.erdogan.atac@ege.edu.tr, Dr., Ege University, Turkey

2 mustafa.kaymakci68@gmail.com, Prof. Dr., Ege University, Turkey

3 dilek.arsoy@neu.edu.tr, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Near East University, KKTC

4 hustuner@uludag.edu.tr, Assist. Prof. Dr. Uludag University, Turkey

Summary

The sheep breeding was dominated during Turkey's history. Nevertheless, to

investigate the traits of domestic sheep breeds and breeding studies were

conducted at a limited level. In recent years has made significant efforts to

increasingly closing the deficit. In sheep and rams there are a lot of factors as

day length, breed, feeding, body weight, age, temperature, and some climate

traits, mating season and year, lambing season and with the ram are affecting

sexual activity. Turkey domestic sheep breeds have generally short mating

season length. In this paper related with some of our domestic breeds, first

oestrus age and weight, using productive life in the first year, oestrus life,

single oestrus cycle, oestrus frequency, mating season length, anoestrus

season length in females; sexual maturity criterions and semen characteristics

in the males will be provide information.

Key words: Turkey domestic sheeps, reproduction, sexual maturity, oestrus,

semen

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

116

Sexual behaviors and testosterone levels of Saanen x Hair goat crossbred

bucks

Karaca, S.1, Yılmaz, A.

2

1Yuzuncu Yıl University, Department of Animal Science, 65080, Van,

Turkey; 2Siirt University, Department of Animal Science, 56000, Siirt,

Turkey

Summary

Fifteen sexually inexperienced Saanen x Hair goat crossbred bucks with an

average age of 1.5 years were used to evaluate the relationships between the

sexual behaviors and testosterone concentration. Bucks were exposed

individually for 15-min period with three estrus ewes during tests. Bucks

were fenced to prevent visual contact with ewes before tests, and 4 sexual

behavior tests were performed every other day for each buck. In this period

we observed the sexual behaviors as follows: the flehmen response (FR), the

frequency of mount (MF), the first mount attempt duration (MD), the

frequency of ejaculation (EF); the first ejaculation duration (ED). Moreover,

the blood samples were collected to determine serum testosterone

concentration (TC) and bucks weighed in different times during the mating

season. The descriptive statistics for the scrotum circumstances (SC), FR,

MF, MD, EF, ED, TC and weight loss (WL) of all bucks were found

25.73±0.49 cm, 2.38±0.22, 10.75±2.03, 119.38±29.68 sec, 0.70±0.11,

236.63±95.88 sec, 2.68±0.24 ng/ml and 2.46±0.20 kg, respectively. The

results of sexual behavior tests were used to categorize bucks as active or

inactive according to their sexual activity. It was found that the sexually

active bucks have higher FR, MF, EF, TC and WL than passive bucks

(P<0.05-P<0.01). There are no statistically significant differences among the

test days for both TC and sexual behavior characteristics. Moreover, the

following significant correlations were detected between the traits: ED and

MD (0.82); EF and ED (-0.65); TC and SC (0.26); MF and SC (-0.37); EF

and MF (0.49); MF and WL (0.49); EF and WL (0.53) (P<0.05-P<0.01). In

conclusion, there are no significant differences among test days for sexual

behaviors of bucks. However, it was confirmed that highly sexually active

bucks are significantly higher TC and WL than the inactive ones.

Key words: sexual behavior, mating, testosterone, reproduction, flehmen

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

117

The viability and cell-cycle synchronization of sheep adult fresh and

frozen muscle and fibroblast cells; effects of confluency, roscovitine and

serum starvation

Arat, S.1, Eren, A.

2, Tuna, M.

3, Bircan, R.

2

1Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural

Biotechnology Department, Tekirdag, Turkey; 2Namik Kemal University,

Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Biology Department, Tekirdag, Turkey; 3Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field

Crops, Tekirdag, Turkey

Summary

The cell cycle synchronization of donor cells are important factors influencing

the success of nuclear transfer. Cells were cultured either in culture medium

containing 10% FBS (group 1, control), in culture medium with 30µM

roscovitine for 24 h (group 2, roscovitine-1), 15µM roscovitine for 24 h (group

3, roscovitine-2), in culture medium until 100% confluent (group 4, early

confluent), 100% confluent for 3 days (group 5, late confluent), or in culture

medium containing 0.5% FBS for 3 days (group 6, 72 h serum starvation), 0,5%

FBS for 5 days (group 7, 120 h serum starvation) for the cell cycle

synchronization. Analysis of cell cycle distribution of sheep fresh and frozen

muscle cells by flow cytometry showed that the ratios of arrested cells in the

G0⁄G1 phase were higher (p < 0.05) in group 7 (95.40%, 94.68 respectively) than

other groups. Same analysis of sheep fibroblast cells showed that the ratio of

arrested cells in the G0⁄G1 phase were higher in groups 4,5,6,7 (84.62%, 82.63%

82.79%, 82.71%) for fresh cells and in group 6 for frozen cells (96.38%) than

other groups. Although double staining by PI and Annexin V FITC analysis of

fresh fibroblast cells showed that the lowest cell viability ratio (P<0.05) was in

group 5 (94,03%), but in frozen fibroblast cells there were no negative effects of

synchronization experiments compaired to control group. Same analysis of sheep

fresh and frozen muscle cells by flow cytometry showed that the lowest cell

viability ratios were in group 6 (91.24%) and group 3 (90.89%)respectively. In

conclusion the use of confluency and serum starvation are suitable for cell cycle

synchronization in both cell types but serum starvation is more effective than

other. In addition fresh cells are more sensitive than frozen cells base on cell

viability to cell synchronization protocols. Grant numbers TOVAG-1120932 and

Namik Kemal University with grant numbers NKUBAP.00.24.AR.12.10.

Key words: cell cycle, synchronization, sheep, nuclear transfer, flow cytometre

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

118

TECHNOLOGIES OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Poster presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

119

Proximate and mineral profile of snail meat (Helix lucorum) from Trakia

Valley in Bulgaria

Zapryanova, D.1, Ivanov, V.

2, Cagiltay, F.

3, Ekim, O.

4, Dospatliev, L.

1

1Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, 6014 Stara Zagora,

Bulgaria; 2Trakia University, Faculty of Medicine, 6000 Stara Zagora,

Bulgaria; 3Istanbul University, Faculty of Fisheries, 34130 Istanbul, Turkey;

4Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, 06110 Ankara, Turkey

Summary

Snail`s meat is consumed as a traditional product in countries in the

Mediterranean region but its consumption in Bulgaria is very low. One

hundred forty snails (Helix lucorum) were analyzed for proximate

composition and mineral content of the edible potion. The content of protein,

fat and ash and concentrations of iron, potassium, sodium, calcium,

phosphorus, magnesium, copper, selenium and zinc were determined by

automatic systems and electro thermal atomic absorption spectrometry

(ETAAS) after microwave digestion. Mean values and their coefficients of

variation were calculated from the measured concentrations. The results from

the analysis showed that snail meat is rich in protein (18.56%) and low in

both ash (1.61%) and fat (1.40%). The major minerals found in this study

were calcium (159.3 mg/100 g), phosphorus (102.2 mg/100 g), potassium

(94.3 mg/100 g), sodium (87.6 mg/100 g) and magnesium (38.0 mg/100g).

However, iron, zinc, manganese and copper content were less than 10

mg/100 g. The results of this study indicated that snails meat (Helix lucorum)

are good sources of protein and micro elements and that its consumption can

promote health, proper growth and development of the human body.

Key words: Snail meat, proximate analysis, Helix lucorum, mineral content

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

120

Effect of the stocking density on the hydrochemical parameters and

growth of Angel fish (Pterophyllum skalare)

Atanasoff, A.1, Nikolov, G.

2, Bozakova, N.

1, Cagiltay, F.

3, Secer, F.S.

4,

Ekim, O.5

1Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, 6014 Stara Zagora,

Bulgaria; 2Trakia University, Faculty of Agriculture, 6014 Stara Zagora,

Bulgaria; 3Istanbul University, Faculty of Fisheries, 34130 Istanbul, Turkey;

4Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, 06110 Ankara, Turkey;

5Ankara

University, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, 06110 Ankara, Turkey

Summary

The trial was conducted in aquaria tanks with Angel fish (Pterophyllum

skalare) for period of 60 days, to examine the effect of three stocking density

on hydrochemical parameters and growth performances. The fish were

stocked in three density 40 (D1), 80 (D2) and 100 fish (D3) per tank in tree

replication. They were fed with a food containing 45% protein and food ratio

of 3% of its body weight per day. Water quality parameters (pH, CO2, T,

BOD, DО, NO2) were recorded on a daily basis. Stock densities had a

significant impact on dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand

(BOD). Changes in pH and nitrates concentrations were insignificant

(P<0.05). During the study period, measured values of the hydrochemical

parameters were within the effluent limits for ornamental fish. Finally the

body weight was insignificantly affected by water quality and stocking

density.

Key words: Angel fish, stock density, hydro chemical parameters

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

121

Factors affecting days open in Holstein dairy cattle in conventional and

organic husbandry

Šoškić, T.1, Štrbac, Lj.

1, Janković, D.

1, Trivunović, S.

1, Plavšić, M.

1,

Šaran, M.1

1Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;

e-mail: (tomica.soskic@stocarstvo.edu.rs)

Summary

Consumer demands for safe and nutritionally valuable food, while respecting

environmental protection and animal welfare, has led to increased number of

organic farms and increased interest in comparison with conventional farms,

but farmers are worried that are the reproductive indicators is much weaker in

organic farms. The present study compares reproductive efficiency of one

organic and one conventional dairy farm in Vojvodina, which are similar

with the number of cows and housing system, by days open (DO) which is

important criteria for profitable dairy farming. We analysed effect of farm

type i.e. management (organic and conventional husbandry), breeding season

and parity on days open in Holstein dairy cattle using general linear model

(GLM). Data consisted of 875 observation recording from October 1, 2013 to

September 30, 2014. Of all observed factors only farm had statistical

significance effect (P<0.05). Average days open for cows identified as

pregnant was 177 days (range 21-768 days). Average days open in

conventional husbandry was 171 days and in organic was 189 days. Two-

sided t-test was shown significant differences between conventional and

organic husbandry. Longer days open was in autumn - winter seasons in

relation to spring summer seasons. The longest days open was from October

to December (195 days). The Duncan test was shown highly significant

difference between Apr-May-Jun season and Oct-Nov-Dec, and significance

difference between Jul-Aug-Sep and Oct-Nov-Dec. The third parity cows

have the longest days open (in average 183 days) but no significant

differences between parity. Although the results show that cows breed on

these two farms show significant differences in reproductive performance,

i.e. duration of open days open (DO), considering all the advantages of

organic farming, difference in the average number of open days between

organic and conventional farms (18 days) is not much weaker.

Key words: days open, conventional, organic, season, parity

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

122

The future of robotic dairy farming in Turkey

Önenç, A.1 Gönülol, E.

2 Şimşek, Ş.

3

1Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Fac., Animal Sci. Dept., Tekirdağ,

Turkey; 2Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Fac., Biosystem Engineering

Dept., Tekirdağ, Turkey; 3ONET Robotic Farm, Balıkesir, Turkey

Summary

Automatic Milking Systems (AMS), also referred to as robotic milkers, were

developed in Europe and became available there in 1992. This technology

was introduced to the Turkey in 2010 and the first robotic milker was

installed on commercial dairy farms on the Trakian part of Turkey, in 2011.

After a few years of slow development, the new technology became

increasingly popular on the dairy sector in 2014. There are currently 6 dairy

farms in Turkey using robotic milking technology. On some farms the

transition to robotic milking occurred with the transfer of the management or

operation of the dairy to the next generation.

In Turkey, increased labour cost and quality labour requirement, improved

social life and health concerns were the primary causes for the investment to

robotic farm. Also, investor expect that automatic milking increase milk

yield, improve animal health and milk quality.

The purpose of this poster is to review the developments of robotic farms

investments in Turkey and analyze the potential of robotic farms in future.

Key words: robotic dairy cattle farm, robotic milker, automatic milking

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

123

The design and manufacture of variable capacity type vacuum

packaging machine silage

Tan, F.1

1Namik Kemal University, Agriculture Faculty, Biosystem Engineering,

Tekirdag, Turkey; www.nku.edu.tr

Summary

Livestock production has very important place in current agricultural policies and

supported by many ways. Roughage is the main source of livestock production.

When we compared livestock and feed sources, it can be easily seen that roughage

sources is very far away from meeting the needs. It is not possible to increase

production of forage without increasing forage crop fields and grassland. In this

case, prevention of harvest and post-harvest losses and obtaining high quality forage

is one of the most important issues .Roughage in animal feeding ratios is causing

increasing usage of fabricated concentrate feed. This situation is lead to an increase

in costs and health problems at animals related to nutrition.

Especially decrease in milk prices is causing economic losses. because even feed

costs are higher than overall gain. Silage is an important source at roughage

production and new technologies are continuously in search related to problems are

explained above. Vacuum type, variable capacity silage packaging machine is

designed for meeting the needs of producers and preventing producing problems.

Vacuum technology is very new at this field. Forage quality will be increased related

to higher rate of air intake inside the package. This technique is more effective than

compression applications.

Bale silages, made it easy to buying and selling and has led to the creation of new

business areas. However, despite these advantages also there are some problems too.

dependence on the high cost outsource materials cause, wrapping with less material

than needs. and as a result of this losses are increased due to insufficient coverage.

All of these negative situations are caused to economic losses and environmental

pollution.

By using vacuum type, variable capacity silage packaging machine;

Silage of different type crops can be done with this machine, decreasing problems

due to compression by using vacuum, adjusting the package size for meeting the

needs of feeding ratios, decreasing outsource needs. New business areas will be

created for local manufacturers, packaging costs will be decreased, package weights

will be equal to each other, easy to use and quality stability.

As a result of this project a new alternative system to bale silage machines will be

produced. Quality and success of new system will be determined by analyzing

physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of packages. Post harvest losses

can be prevented and quality will be increase.

Key words: vacuum, .package silage, electronic control

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

124

Evaluation of bovine teat condition and cleanliness scoring systems

Onal, A.R.1, Tuna, Y.T.

1, Yarar, E.

1, Ozder, M.

1

1Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science,

Tekirdag, Turkey

Summary

Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland and udder tissue, and is a

major endemic disease of dairy cattle and causing important economic losses

in dairy herds. Mastitis caused by microorganisms, usually by bacteria that

invade the udder.

Teat condition and cleanliness scoring are most important parameters to help

mastitis control in dairy farms. Research has shown poor teat condition

negatively impacts milk quality and udder health. Udder and teat cleanliness

correlates with the prevalence of mastitis and higher somatic cell count

(SCC). Different classification systems for cleanliness scoring, teat-ends and

skin condition have been published.

The objective of this study was to evaluate teat-ends and skin condition, and

cleanliness scoring methods in dairy cattle breeding.

Keywords: Udder, teat cleanliness, teat condition, mastitis, dairy cattle

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

125

Compost bedded pack dairy barns

Onal, A.R.1, Tuna, Y.T.

1, Koycu, E.

1, Ozder, M.

1

1Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Dept. of Animal Science,

Tekirdag, Turkey

Summary

Animal welfare, cow comfort and longevity have more impact on dairy farm

profitability. An alternative housing system is compost bedded pack dairy

barn has been evaluated by the University of Minnesota in 2001. Compost

bedded pack dairy barn are a new housing option.

The main advantages of these housing systems regard animal welfare and

manure management. A compost bedded pack dairy barn allows cows more

freedom of movement than conventional tie stalls or free stalls. Cows lie

wherever they want to and congregate in social groups on a bedded pack.

Compost bedded pack barns are mostly used US and Israel and it began to be

built in the EU in recent years.

The characteristics of compost bedded pack barns will evaluated in this

study.

Keywords: Compost bedded pack barn, dairy housing, cow comfort

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

126

The effects of different breeding systems on morphological traits of

Anatolian water buffalo

Tuna, Y.T.1, Onal, A.R.

1, Yaman, S.

1, Ozder, M.

1

1Namik Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal

Science, Tekirdag, Turkey

Summary

Present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different breeding

systems (intensive, extensive) on morphological traits of Anatolian water

buffalo.

By this aim, body measurement of 59 heads of Anatolian Water Buffalo in

two different breeding systems (30 intensive, 29 extensive) in Istanbul city

Arnavutkoy province evaluated in this study. Withers height, back height,

rump height, pin bone height, chest depth, body length, trunk length, rump

width and pin bone width evaluated.

Results showed that most of body measurements were significantly different

beetween two breeding systems. It was no significant effect in withers height

and body length between two groups (P>0.05).

Key words: Intensive, extensive, Anatolian Water Buffalo, body

measurements

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

127

NATIVE ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES AND

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Poster presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

128

A year-long study on the disinfection of drinking water supplied to rural

areas in Stara Zagora Municipality, Bulgaria

Sandev, N.1, Sandeva, G.

2, Deliradeva, R.

2, Gidikova, P.

2,

Platikanova, M.2

1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6014 Stara Zagora,

Bulgaria; 2Faculty of Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora,

Bulgaria

Summary

According to national reports Bulgarian villages and small towns are often

affected by failures in drinking water disinfection due to inaccurate manual

chlorination and negligence from water supply employees. Last year the risk

for the village and small town population increased further because of

increased rainfall and flooding. The aim of the study was to monitor drinking

water disinfection by measuring significant indicators (free chlorine,

coliforms and E. coli) in samples from villages in Stara Zagora region and to

determine the health risk for the population. Water samples were taken

according to protocol from water taps in 50 villages in Stara Zagora

Municipality in March (during a period of heavy rainfall) and October 2014

(during a dry period). Levels of free chlorine were measured using HACH

DR/850 colorimeter and compatible reagents. 100 mL samples were

inoculated with the medium Readycult®Coliforms 100. The samples were

incubated and E. coli were identified using Kovac’s reagent. The results

showed а significant rate of samples with deviation from the established

norms for all measured indicators. In 63% of the samples the levels of free

chlorine were below the recommended 0.3 mg/L. Only in 13% of the samples

free chlorine was adequate to the established norm. In 22% of the samples

were found coliforms and in 14% of the samples were determined E. coli

above the acceptable norms (0/100 mL). Percentage of coliform and E. coli

positive samples was much higher than the maximum of 5% recommended

by the World Health Organization Guidelines. Samples taken during a dry

period showed slightly higher rate of compliance than samples taken during

the period of heavy rainfall. The results from the study proved unsatisfactory

disinfection of drinking water in rural areas around Stara Zagora. Effective

measures should be taken to ensure the safety of the water supply in the

studied villages, especially during rainy periods.

Key words: drinking water safety, rural areas, E. coli, free chlorine

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

129

Some yield features of Anatolian water buffaloes grown people's hand in

Diyarbakir province

Han, Y.1*

, Tez, Ş.1, İpek, P.

1, Vural, M.E.

1, Karataş, A.

1, Keskin, B.

1,

Bakır, G.2

1Gap Internatıonal Agrıcultural Research And Traınıng Center, Diyarbakır,

Turkey; 2Department of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Faculty, Siirt

University, Siirt, Turkey; *e-posta: yavuzhan32@hotmail.com,

Tel:+90 (412)3261323, Fax: +90 (412)3261324

Summary

This research was conducted in Anatolian Water Buffalo herds grown in

people's hand in Diyarbakir Province. Breeding of Anatolian Water Buffalo

was started in 21 villages with 2014 Anatolian Water Buffalo in the end of

2011. Villages that had 80 Anatolian Water Buffaloes which are 2 years old

and older were included in the Project. Milk yield, birth weight and live

weight were recorded In Breeding Project of Anatolian Water Buffalo. The

mean birth weights of calves of Anatolian Water Buffalo were 26.9±0.14,

27.4±0.15 kg respectively in 2012 and 2013. Average of 6 th and 12 th month

weight calves were 86.8±0.80, 83.8±0.61 ; 135.4±1.19, 136.8±1.38 kg

respectively. The average lactation milk yield of Anatolian Water Buffaloes

was 837.8±12.10, 952.4±15.40 kg respectively in 2012 and 2013. With this

project, Anatolian buffalo which are grown in the hands of the people are

aimed to breeded in terms of growth and improvement, milk and fertility. As

a result of intended breeding, as well as the contribution to total income of

agricultural enterprises which include buffalo breeding it will also contribute

to the protection of this species in danger of extinction.

Key words: Anatolian Water Buffalo, live weight, Diyarbakır, lactation milk

yield

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

130

Some yield features of Zom sheep grown people's hand in Diyarbakir

province

Tez, Ş.1, Han, Y.

1, İpek, P.

1, Vural, M.E.

1

1Gap International Agricultural Research And Training Center, Diyarbakır,

Turkey; **e-posta: sahintez@gmail.com,

Tel: +90 (412) 326 13 40, Faks: +90 (412) 326 13 24

Summary

This research was conducted in Zom Sheep herds grown in people's hand in

Diyarbakir Province. Breeding of Zom Sheep was started in 9 villages with

6387 Zom Sheep in 2013. 5 month Milk yield, birth weight and live weight

were recorded In Breeding Project of Zom Sheep. The mean birth weights of

lambs of Zom Sheep were 4.1±0.01, 3.8±0,01 kg respectively in 2013 and

2014. Average of 60 th and 90 th day weight lambs were 15.3±0,05,

13.7±0.05, 21.2±0.07, 19.2±0.08 kg respectively. The average lactation

period of Zom Sheep was 151.1±1.38, 165±2.57 day respectively in 2013 and

2014. The average lactation milk yield of Zom Sheep was 71.4±1.40,

46.2±1.73 kg respectively in 2013 and 2014. With this Project, Zom sheep

which are grown in the hands of people are aimed to be bred in terms of

growth and fertility. The Project aims to increase economic yield properties

of Zom sheep, meet high yield breeding goat and increase herd which have

high fertility and growth speed. Thus, effectiveness of this breeding

programme will both create sheep population which have high yield and

increase breeder income directly.

Key words: Zom Sheep, Diyarbakir, live weight, lactation milk yield,

lactation period

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

131

Milk yield and some udder traits at reared In situ - In vivo condition in

Karakul sheep

Erol, H.1, Unal, N.

2

¹Livestock Central Research Institute Lalahan, Ankara, Turkey;

²Department of Animal Husbandry, Ankara Üniversity, Faculty of Veterinary

Medicine, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey

Summary

Introduction: Karakul sheep are conserved in situ in vivo conditions with the

project entitled ‘Community Based Conservation of Domestic Animal Genetic

Resources’ since 2005. Conservation programme aims to prevent process of

extinction, to provide descriptive information about the performance and to develop

a sustainable production system of karakul sheep in rural areas within the context of

conservation and sustainable utilization of animal genetic resources. This research

was carried out to determine milk production, duration and some udder traits of

Karakul sheep.

Materials and Methods: The data were collected from Karakul sheep herds raised

at Tokat province, Ulaş and Gülpınar village in 2013 years. The animal material of

research consisted of different lactation number from 60 head Karakul sheep. One of

the sheep the second lactation group were excluded from the study due to mastitis.

The first milk control is made 45nd

day of birth in the next 90 and 135 days. Udder

measurements were recorded 45 and 135 days of milking in the morning just before

milking with measure and caliper. Various periods of daily milk yield in sheep

determined with interpolation and milk yield was calculated the Trapeze II method.

The effect of milk production, duration and udder traits on lactation number and

herds were examined with Least Squares Method.

Results: Milk production and lactation length were 104.0 kg and 159.0 days,

respectively. Mean daily milk yield during entire lactation period was 0.635 kg and

the highest daily milk yield (0.860 kg) was obtained from 45th day of lactation. The

effects of lactation number and herd on daily milk yield and lactation milk yield

were significant (p<0.05, p<0.01). The least squares means for udder width, udder

depth, udder circumference, right teat length, left teat length, right teat diameter, left

teat diameter, teat distance and distance udder to ground were 13.7, 15.0, 44.2, 3.3,

3.3, 1.8, 1.7, 17.5 and 26.5 cm 45th day of lactation, respectively. The effects of

lactation stages and herd on some udder measurements were determined as

significant with various levels (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001).

Conclusion: The first times detected milk production, duration and udder traits on

Karakul sheep in Turkey. Astrakhan is basic product in Karakul sheep. Milk and

milk products may be additional source of income for farmers living in rural areas.

Key words: Karakul sheep, lactation yield, lactation length, udder traits, insitu-

invivo condition

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

132

Textıle potential of down fibers of indigenous goats in Turkey

Göktepe, F.1, Cilveli, G.

2, Soysal, İ.

3, Gök, B.

4, Vural, M.E.

5

1Textile Engineering Department, Çorlu Engineering Faculty, Namık Kemal

University, Turkey; 2Yünsa Worsted&Woolen Production and Trading Co.,

Turkey; 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık

Kemal University, Turkey; 4GAP International Agricultural Research and

Training Centre, Turkey; 5Konya B. Dağdaş Agricultural Research Institute,

Turkey

Summary

Turkey has over 8 million indigenous goats, many of which have two

different coats of fiber, namely a fine down (cashmere-type) and a coarse

guard hair. These goats are primarily kept for their meat, milk, skin products

and other traditional purposes while potential of high quality down fibers are

ignored. This work mainly explores the fiber quality this raw-material to be

used as cashmere-type fibers in textile industry. For this aim, down hairs of

native goats are collected from various parts of the country and characterized

in terms of fiber fineness and fiber length as well their surface characteristics

in comparison with other wool-type luxury fibers like cashmere and mohair.

The test results show that generally these fibers have fineness less than 18,5

micrometer while their length changes from 30mm to 61 mm showing their

potential as a valuable raw-material for industrial applications in textiles.

Key words: Native goat down hair, cashmere-type goat fiber, luxury fibers

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

133

Morphological characteristics of Zom sheep

Akça, N.1, Koncagül, S.

2,Vural, M.E.

1, Karataş, A.

1, Bingöl, M.

3

1Gap Internatıonal Agrıcultural Research And Traınıng Center, Diyarbakır,

Turkey, 2Department of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara

University, Turkey, 3Department of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Faculty,

Yuzuncu Yıl University Van Turkey, *e-posta:

nalanakca@hotmail.com,Tel:+90 (412)3261323, Fax: +90 (412)3261324

Summary

This research was a descriptive study and carried out on Zom sheep raised in

the mount Karacadağ province in Diyarbakir, Turkey. The study was

conducted to determine some morphological characteristics of the Zom sheep

according to different age and sex groups. A total of 16 males and 195

females were measured. Overall means and standard errors of some

characters of rams and ewes were: live weight 65.0±2.0 and 46.0±1.25 kg,

wither height 76.2±1.57 and 67.9±0.94 cm, height at rump 75.5±0.83 and

67.9±0.50 cm, body length 66.1±0.91 and 60.2±0.55 cm, heart girth

circumference 99.8±1.73 and 94.7±1.04 cm, chest depth 34.4±0.59 and

29.9±0.36 cm, chest width 21.1±0.49 and 18.2±0.30 cm, respectively. The

overall results of this study show that the Zom sheep have some similarities

with Karakas, Awassi and Akkaraman sheep according to morphological

characteristics.

Key words: Zom sheep, Morphological traits, Flecea colour

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

134

Determination of wool traits and wool lanolin content in Morkaraman

and Hemşin sheep grown extensively

Sezgin, E.1*

, Yüksel, S.1, Kopuzlu, S.

2, Keskin, M.

1, Karaçuhalilar, A.

1,

Ünal, M.3, Esenbuğa, N.

2, Bilgin, Ö.C.

2

1East Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute, Republic of Turkey Ministry

of Food, Agriculture and Livestock General Directorate of Agricultural

Research and Policy, Erzurum, Turkey; http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/datae; 2Agricultural Faculty Department of Animal Science, Atatürk University,

Erzurum, Turkey; http://www.atauni.edu.tr/#!birim=ziraat-fakultesi; 3Livestock Research Institute Lalahan, Ankara, Turkey;

http://arastirma.tarim.gov.tr/lalahanhmae

Summary

In the years 2013-2014, this research was carried out to determine physical and

morphological traits and lanolin content of wool obtained from Morkaraman

sheep grown in Erzurum and Bingöl province and from two different varieties of

Hemsin sheep grown in Artvin province having black and white wool. Animal

material of the research comprised 160 heads of Hemsin sheep including 80

females and 80 males, and 80 heads of Morkaraman sheep including 40 females

and 40 males. The wool samples were taken from the shoulder, rib and thigh

regions of the sheep belonging to two different races.

In these samples, the average fiber length-H with respect to the number of fibers,

fiber length-B with respect to the fiber volume and fiber weight, fineness,

elasticity(%), tensile strength and greasy fleece weight, clean fiber

percentage(%) and lanolin amount were determined as respectively 56.44±0.746

mm, 91.88±1.189 mm, 41.94±0.405 μ, 37.93±0.290 %, 29.09±0.391 Cn/Tex,

2.56±0.028 kg, 68.74±0.518% and 0.119±0.004 g for Hemşin sheep with black

wool; 55.53±0.862 mm, 55.53±0.862 mm, 42.23±0.408 μ, 37.93±0.290%,

29.09±0.391 Cn/Tex, 2.56±0.028 kg, 68.74±0.518% and0.104±0.005 g Hemşin

sheep with white wool; 32.03±0.746 mm, 44.06±1.189 mm, 44.06±1.189 mm,

23.07±0.327 %, 13.24±0.355 Cn/Tex, 1.79±0.027 kg, 65.37±0.549%

and0.127±0.005gfor Morkaraman sheep, respectively.

From the result of the variance analysis, it is seen that race have significant

(P<0.05) effect on the average fiber lengh-H, fiber lengh-B, fineness, elasticity

(%), tensile strength and greasy fleece weight. The lanolin percentage in Hemşin

sheep with white wool is higher than the lanolin percentage in Hemşin sheep

with black wool.

Key words: Hemşin, Morkaraman, wool, wool characteristics, lanolin amount

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

135

Exterior characteristics indigenous Busha cattle breed in Bosnia and

Herzegovina

Brka, M.1, Dokso, A.

1, Zecevic, E.

1, Rustempasic, A.

1

Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and

Herzegovina

Summary

The aim of this study was to establish exterior characteristics of indigenous

Busha cattle population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Withers height, hip

height, chest girth and body length were measured. Results of measuring

showed values in interval which was characteristic for this breed as it was

founded at the beginning of XX century. Some deviations have been founded

as result of crossbreeding with other breeds, out of breeding plan. Deviation

was presented in exterior measures and colour variations. Average withers

height and body length ratio at the beginning of XX century was from 114 to

118%. Above mentioned ratio in this study was 117.48% which also indicate

on unplanned crossbreeding. In all investigated body characteristics tendency

to maximum values has been founded, related to earlier literature sources.

Key words: Busha, exterior, cattle, indigenous

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

136

ANIMAL NUTRITION

Poster presentations

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

137

Classification of forage quality:

Relative Forage Quality (RFQ) and Relative Feed Value (RFV)

Güney, M.1, Bingöl, N.T.

1, Aksu, T.

1

1Yuzuncu Yil University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Animal

Nutrition and Nutritional Disease, Van, Turkey

Summary

The shortages in supply of quality forage as well as the lack of any standard

for estimation of quality forage affects the livestock economy negatively by

increasing the cost of concentrate feed. RFD (Relative Feed Value), which is

calculated utilizing the ADF (Acid detergent fiber) and NDF (Neutral

detergent fiber) in determining forage quality is an index consisting of single

figure with the adoption of alfalfa as 100 at full bloom period. Relative

forage quality index (RFQ), similar to the relative feed value, is instead based

on the digestibility of fiber at calculation and is used to estimate the forage

quality by using total digestible nutrients instead of digestible dry matter. The

introduction and dissemination of RFV and RFQ based on animal

performance in order to determine forage quality is crucial.

Key words: Relative Feed Value, Relative Feed Quality, Forage, Alfalfa

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

138

The effect of clove oil supplementation to wheat straw on cell wall

components

Özelçam, H.1, Özüretmen, S.

1, İpçak, H. H.

1, Dereboylu, A.

2

1Ege University, Faculty of Agricultural Department of Animal Science,

İzmir, Turkey; 2Ege University, Department of Biology, İzmir, Turkey

Summary

The aim of this study, to determine the effects on cell wall component of

wheat straw of additions of different doses of clove oil (Syzigium aromaticum

L.). For this purpose, wheat straw was treated with 100 and 200 ppm clove

oil. Study was applied at two different time period (1 and 5 h). Untreated and

treated of the straw was made cell wall components with microscopic

analysis. According to the research findings, depending on increasing doses

and time period of clove oil, particularly, in NDF and ADF content of straw

was determined important (p<0.05) reduction. This decrease was

approximately at the level of 15 % for NDF and 13 % for ADF. In study, the

lowest NDF, ADF, ADL and cellulose contents was found in 200 ppm dose

and 5 h period. However, it was determined the lowest stem section thickness

likewise in 5 h period (p<0.05), but this period was no significant difference

between the dose (p>0.05).

Consequently, it could be said that the addition of clove oil have a positive

influence on cell wall components and stem section thickness of wheat straw.

Key words: Wheat straw, clove oil, cell wall components

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

139

The effects of feeding by different level of organic selenium on progeny

during late gestation of Norduz ewes

Erdoğan, S.1, Karadaş, F.

1, Yılmaz, A.

2, Karaca, S.

1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of

Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey; 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of

Agriculture, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkey

Summary

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between postpartum-

postnatal maternal-fetal serum selenium concentrations in Norduz sheep feed

with organic selenium supplemented feed at different levels during the last

three months of pregnancy. At the same time, the effects of maternal organic

selenium were determined on the colostrum and serum selenium

concentrations after birth. There were 4 groups one control and the treatments

groups. All groups were fed with 13 % crude protein and 2600 kcal/kg

metabolic energy containing concentrate, plus alfalfa hay. Treatments groups

feed were supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg, 0.30 mg/kg and 0.45 mg/kg

organic selenium.

Selenium supplementation on maternal diet for three months prior to birth

increased selenium concentration in placenta, serum and colostrum. The

placenta and serum selenium levels in control group were found 15.97 and

64.53 ng/ml, respectively. Se concentration in placenta (32.50 ng/ml), serum

(207.45 ng/ml) and colostrums in Se supplemented groups (424.45 ng/ml)

were significantly higher than control groups (p<0.05). No significant

(p>0.05) differences in the maternal serum free triiyodotironin concentrations

(fT3) were detected among groups. However, maternal serum free tiroksin

concentration of treatment groups (fT4) was found to be statistically higher

than control group (p<0.05). Increased Se levels in the concentrate feed

tended to increase in maternal serum fT4 concentration. Likewise, serum fT3,

fT4 and IgG concentrations of lambs consumed colostrum within the first

half an hour after birth were significantly greater in the Se supplemented

groups than control group (p<0.05).

It is concluded that it selenium deficiency is net prevented serious health

problems and consequently economical loses may occur, because selenium is

important for animal health, nutrition, yield and reproduction. Adding of

selenium to diets at appropriate levels would affect animal health and yield in

the region.

Key words: Maternal nutrition, Organic selenium, Colostrum and Placenta,

Blood

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

140

The effects of in ovo injection lysine and methionine to fertile broiler

eggs on hatchability, growth performance, gastro intestinal tract

development, gut microbiota and ileal histomorphology

Erener, G.1, Coskun, I.

1, Akkan, A.

1

1Ahi Evran University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science,

Kirsehir, Turkey

Summary

The effect of in ovo injection lysine and methionine to fertile broiler eggs on

hatchability, chick weight, growth performance, digestive tract development,

caecal Total Aerobic Bacteria, E Coli, Coliforms, Enterobactericaea and ileal

histomorphology of broilers were invetigated. 300 fertile ROSS 308 eggs

obtained from 60 d old broiler breeders were used. Before this study, tree

different preliminary studies were conducted to determine the optimal amino

acid (aa) dose. Optimum aa doses were determined as 2mg/0,2ml. Before the

hatch, 300 eggs weighed individually and numbered. On day 16 of incubation

these eggs were subjected to treatment (C= Control (non injection), NC=

Negative Control (distile water injection 0,2 ml), L= Lysine (0,2 ml), M

Methionine (0,2 ml) and LM=Lysin + Methionine (0,2 ml)). Hatching

window lasted 32 hours. During the hatching the first and the last 6 hour

hatched chicks were discarded from study to ensure equal hatching time.

After hatching, 160 day old healty chicks were housed according to

belonging treatment groups for 21 days. These chick were fed on starter diet

(3200 ME and 23% HP) during the trial. The results showed that in ovo

injection of L, M and LM did not affect relative chick weight, livability,

growth performance, gut microbiota and ileal villi length and thickness. In

ovo injection of L increased hatchability compared to C and M groups and

digestive tract length comparedt to C group. To conclude, in ovo lysine

injection has a positive impact on hatchability of eggs in older parent stock.

Key words: broiler performance, in ovo injection, amino acid, hatchability

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

141

The effects of bioactive secondary plant metabolites supplementation to

broiler chickens diets on some blood parameters

İpçak, H. H.1, Alçiçek, A.

1

1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University,

İzmir, Turkey

Summary

In this study, effects of bioactive secondary plant metabolites such as

carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, capsicum oleoresin supplemention to broiler diets

on some blood parameters were investigated. In trial, four hundred Ross-308

genotype day-old, unsexed broiler chicks were used and randomly assigned

to five dietary treatments, each with five replicates. The 5 treatment groups

formed in trial were fed diets; (control) without feed additives and with

carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, Capsicum oleoresin and mixture (fifty each

mg/kg carvacrol+cinnamaldehyde+capsicum oleoresin) at the level of 150

mg/kg. The trial was maintained 6 weeks. It was taken blood from the wing

vein of 10 broilers which randomly choosed from each groubs at 42 day of

age and determined levels of glukoz, AST, ALT, albümin, total protein,

triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. According to the research

findings, glukoz, ALT, total cholesterol, HDL were not affected by dietary

bioactive secondary plant metabolites supplementation (p>0.05),

cinnemaldehyde and mixture groubs caused to significantly reduce AST

levels, carvacrol, cinnemaldehyde and capsicum oleoresin groubs led to

decrease level of triglycerides, carvacrol and mixture groups importantly

(p<0.05) affected LDL levels were detected.

As a result, the supplementaion carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, capsicum

oleoresin and mixture at the level of 150 mg/kg to broiler diets affected

positively some examined blood parameters.

Key words: Broiler, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, capsicum oleoresin, blood

parameters

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

142

Usage of cumin in animal nutrition

Soycan-Önenç, S.1, Turan, A.

1

1Namık Kemal University, Agriculture Fac,. Animal Sci. Dept., Tekirdağ,

Turkey

Summary

Cuminum cyminum belonging to the family Umbelliferea, are one of the

earliest cultivated herbs in Asia, Africa and Europe. Cumin is an important

medicinal herb in Asia and has antioxidant, anticholesterol and antimicrobial

properties. Cumin increased activity and excretion content of bile acids and

also increased pancreas and small intestine digestive enzymes such as

amylase, tripsine, chymotripsine and lipase in rats.

Medicinal plants and their products including plant extracts or essential oils

are adopted as suitable candidates for use in broiler and ruminant diets due to

their beneficial effects as phytogenic feed additives. They can stimulate feed

intake, the endogenous secretion or may antibacterial, antioxidant,

anticoccidial activities. A wide range of plant metabolites that belong to class

isoprene derivates, flavonoides and a large number of these compounds may

acts as antibiotics and antioxidants. These compounds have been shown to

favorably manipulate ruminal fermentation and improve nutrient utilization

in ruminants. The cumin adding to cotton seed meal, dry timoty grass, barley

increased the ruminal pH and decreased ruminal NH3-N concentration. The

use of cumin in broilers improved feed conversion and feed intake on day 14.

The purpose of this poster is to present cumin using possibilities as feed

additive in animal nutrition.

Key words: cumin, animal nutrition, alternative feed additive

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

143

The effect of zinc oxide supplementation in rations on fattening

performance of weaning lambs

Sariçiçek, B.Z.1

1Ankara University of Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal Science,

Ankara, Turkey;

E-mail: zsaricicek@ankara.edu.tr, Tel:+903125961406, Fax:+90312 4176724

Summary

This study was carried out to determined the effects of supplementation

different level of (0, 45 and 60 ppm/kg) zinc oxide to concentrate feed on the

fattening performance of Karayaka lambs which were just weaned.

In this study, a total of 24 Karayaka male lambs which were weaned at 2.5

months of age. Lambs were divided into 3 groups, one control: two

experimental groups (45 and 60 ppm/kg zinc oxide), each of comprised 8

lambs. Lambs were placed in individual cages. The trial was ended in 90

days. During the trial lambs in control and experimental groups fed alfalfa

hay and lamb grower feeds as ad libitum. Live weight of lambs were

determined with period of a week.

There were no statistically significant difference between the average live

weights of groups in begin of the experiment (P>0.05).

At the end of the 90 day experiment, the average live weight of two

experimental groups (supplementation with 45 and 60 ppm zinc oxide) had

significantly greater compared with control group (P<0.05). Also, the mean

live weight gains of two experimental groups (supplemented with 45 and 60

ppm zinc oxide) were significantly higher than those of the control group

(P<0.01).

Supplementation of zinc oxide not affect the roughage and concentrate feeds

intake and feed conversion ratio.

An according to result of the experiment that zinc oxide supplementation of

lambs rations had significant positive effects on fattening performance.

Key words: Lambs, Karayaka, ration, fattening performance, zinc oxide

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

144

The effects on fattening performance of using in lambs rations of

different boron sources

Sariçiçek, B.Z.1*

, Yildirim, B.1**

, Boğa, M.2

1Ankara University of Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal Science,

Ankara, Turkey; *E-mail: zsaricicek@ankara.edu.tr, Tel:+903125961406, Fax:+90312 4176724;

** E-mail: yildir@ankara.edu.tr, Tel:+903125961408, Fax:+90312 4176724; 2Niğde University, Vocational School, Niğde, Turkey;

E-mail: mboga@nigde.edu.tr Tel: +90 5073499705

Summary

This study was conducted to determined the effects of different boron sources

(kolemanit, üleksit and etibor) in diets with low Ca and P levels on fattening

performance in the lambs.

In the study was used 50 male Akkaraman lambs which were weaned at 2.5

months of age. Lambs were divided into 5 groups, two control (1. standart, St

and 2. low Ca and P level, low), three experimental groups (3.low Ca and P

level+90 ppm kolemanit, L+kol; 4.low Ca and P level+90 ppm üleksit,L+ül;

5.low Ca and P level+90 ppm etibor, L+eti), each of comprised 10 lambs.

Lambs were placed in individual cages and the trial ended in 90 days. During

the trial lambs in controls and experimental groups fed dry grass and lambs

grower feeds as limited (roughage/concentrate ratio 60/40) in twice a day.

Body weights of the lambs were determined with period of a week.

The body weight gain of groups were determined as 14.32± .530 kg,

15.01±0.961 kg, 13.06± 0.729 kg, 12.73 ± 0.543 kg, 14.07±0.560 kg,

respectively, (P>0.05). There were numerically differences between the

average body weight of all groups. but there were no significant (P>0.05)

difference.

It was observed that supplementing the akkaraman lambs diets with different

boron sources raised mean live weight gains. The highest mean live weight

gains was found for 2. group and the lowest was found for 3. and 4 groups

(P<0.05). but There were no significant difference between 1 and 5 groups

and the other group for average mean live weight gains.

The addition of different boron sources also not affect the roughage and

concentrate feeds intake and feed conversion ratio.

Key words: Lambs, Akkaraman, ration, fattening performance, boron

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

145

Some fattening and slaughter charecteristics of Dağliç, Hasak x Dağliç

(F1), and Hasmer x Dağliç (F1)

Canatan, T.1*

, Kan, M.1, Akbulut, K.

1, Halici, İ.

1, Doğan, Ş.

1, Tekik, H.

1,

Dağ, B.2

1Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Konya, Turkey;

2Selcuk University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Zootechnics, Konya,

Turkey; *E-mail: tcanatan20@gmail.com

Summary

This research was carried out to present the slaughter and fattening

characteristics of pure and crossbred lambs, obtained from commercial

crossing activity of native bred Dağlıç ewe with Hasak (31.25% Hampshire

Down x 31.25% German Black Head x 37.50% Akkaraman), and Hasmer

(31.25% Hampshire Down x 31.25% German Black Head x 37.50% Merino)

hams, which have been improved by Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural

Research Institute (BDIARI) in terms of meat and wool, in Ad libitum

feeding condition. The animal material of the research consisted of 20 pure

Dağlıç bred (male and female), 20 Hasak x Dağlıç (F1), and 20 Hasmer x

Dağlıç (F1), in total 60 head pure and crossbred lambs. The lambs, which had

average 20 kg birth weights, had been being fed as ad-libitum with lamb

grower feed until they reached to 40 kg live weight. Their live weights were

determined with 14 day intervals. At the end of fattening period, 6 heads

male and female lambs from each genotype, in total 36 head lambs,

slaughtered and their hot and cold carcass weights were recorded.

The live weight at the first day of fattening period (Initial Live Weights),

total live weight, fattening period (day), average daily live weight gain, feed

consumption at the end of the fattening period, feed efficiency value at the

end of the fattening period,hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight and

carcass yield were determined as 20.34 kg, 16.63 kg, 100.05 days, 177.39 g,

1.18 kg, 7.30, 17.87 kg, 17.81 kg and 46.09% for Dağlıç bred; 20.21 kg,

19.93 kg, 71.65 days, 296.65 g, 1,34 kg, 4.76, 19.67 kg, 19.36 kg, and

47.80% for Hasak x Dağlıç (F₁); 20.05 kg, 20.52 kg, 70.10 days, 305.37 g,

1.29 kg, 4.06, 19.99 kg, 19.68 kg, and 48.53% for Hasmer x Dağlıç (F₁). The

differences between genotypes for observed characteristics were found

statistically significant (p<0.05).

Key words: Dağlıç, Hasmer, Hasak, Carcass Characteristics, Fattening

Performance, Turkey

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

146

The effects of lactic acid bacterial inoculants on the fermentation,

aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestibility of sunflower

silages

Özdüven, M.L.1*

, Tepeli, C.1, Okuyucu, B.

1

*E-mail: lozduven@nku.edu.tr 1Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Faculty, Namik Kemal

University, Tekirdag, Turkey

Summary

This study was carried out to determine the effects of homofermentative

(LAB) inoculants and/or heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on the

fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro organic matter digestibility

characteristics of sunflower silages. Hungarian vetch-Wheat mixtures were

harvested at early bloom: milking stage. Inoculant 1188 (Pioneer®, USA),

was used as homofermentative lactic acid bacteria and inoculant 11A44

(Pioneer®, USA) was used as heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria

inoculant. Inoculants were applied to silages at 6.00 log10 cfu/g levels. After

treatment, the chopped whole crop sunflower was ensiled in 1.0 liter special

anaerobic jars, equipped with a lid enabling gas release only. The jars were

stored at 25±2°C under laboratory conditions. Three jars from each group

were sampled for chemical and microbiological analysis 2, 4, 8 and 45 days

after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period all silages were subjected to

an aerobic stability test for 5 days. In addition, in vitro organic matter

digestibilities of these silages were determined. Homofermentative lactic acid

bacteria inoculants increased characteristics of fermentation but impaired

aerobic stability of sunflower silages (P<0.05). However, application of

heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria increased the concentration of acetic

acid (P<0.05) and aerobic stability (P<0.01) of sunflower silages. There was

no (P>0.05) treatment effect on any variables measured on in vitro organic

matter digestibility.

Key words: Lactic acid bacterial inoculants, silage fermentation, whole plant

sunflower, aerobic stability

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

147

Nutrient and metabolic energy content of different originated milk

thistle grown under Izmir conditions

Basmacioğlu-Malayoğlu, H.1*

, Ipcak, H.H.1, Ajalli, S.

1,

Taghiloofar, A.H.2

1Ege University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Animal Science, 35100,

Bornova-İzmir; 2Ege University, Agriculture Faculty, Department of Crop

Fields, 35100, Bornova-İzmir; *E-mail: hatice.basmacioglu@ege.edu.tr

Summary

Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaerth) is an annual plant of the Asteraceae

family which grows spontaneously roadside and vacancy agricultural land.

Generally, the active substance silymarin is extracted from seeds, it is used in the

pharmaceutical field for nutraceutical. In animal feeding studies includes that the

plant especially its seed used for protecting liver and antioxidant effect. The aim of

this study is to determine nutrient and metabolic energy contents of different

originated milk thistle plant which are grown under Izmir condition and to reveal

using potentially as a forage source in ruminant nutrition. In this study, after the

seeds of plant were simultaneously collected from 4 different cities (Ankara, Aydın,

İzmir and Manisa) of Turkey and 5 different cities (Ahvaz, Ardabil, Damavand,

Darram and Firouzabad) of Iran, they were sowed at Trial Court of Field Crops

Department in Ege University. After the flower was removed from the plant in

harvest, nutrient and metabolic energy contents of the residue (leaves and stems)

was detected. According the research findings, milk thistle populations in dry matter

(DM) include the mean values of crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF),

crude cellulose (CC), nitrogen free extract (NFE) and ME that were respectively

determined as 12.89-18.2%, 4.36-6.57%, 1.66-2.2 %, 20.68-28.69%, 42.04-51.27%

and 1775.65-2098.98 kcal/kg for Turkey originated milk thistle populations and

13.51-17.53%, 4.75-7.89%, 1.72-2.45%, 21.26-28.99%, 31.60-47.06% and 1638.83-

2026.22 kcal/kg for Iran originated milk thistle populations. In addition to milk

thistle populations in dry matter (DM) examine the mean values of neutral detergent

fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), hemicellulose

and cellulose that are respectively determined as 39.13-45.5%, 31.63-34.33%,

18.13-19.96%, 4.8-13.69% and 11.8-16.2% for Turkey originated milk thistle

populations and 38.91-42.86%, 29.02-35.32%, 13.38-20.33%, 5.28-12.78% and

13.83-16.01% for Iran originated milk thistle populations.

As a result of this study, nutrient and metabolic energy content values of different

originated milk thistle plant show that it is possible to use as an alternative forage

source in animal nutrition.

Key words: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaerth), silymarin, alternative forage

source, nutrient, metabolic energy

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

148

Effect of different dietary supplemented oils on growth characteristics of

broiler chickens

Cengic-Dzomba, S.1, Muratovic, S.

1, Dzomba, E.

1, Hadzic, Dz.

1

1Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and

Herzegovina

Summary

The paper describe growth characteristics of broiler chickens fed by different

oils. 500 one day-old unsexed broiler chicken Ross 308 provenience

randomly assigned into 10 experimental groups. During different period (last

7, 14 and 21 day of fattening) broilers’ fed by one of three PUFA

experimental diets contained: 1% fish oil + 2% linseed oil + 3% rapeseed oil

(D1), 1.5% fish oil + 1.5% linseed oil + 3% rapeseed oil (D2) and 2% fish oil

+ 1% linseed oil + 3% rapeseed oil (D3). Diet contained 6% of sunflower oil

was control (C). Up to 21 day the all chicken fed by same commercial starter

diet. The birds weighted every 7 days during whole fattening period. Two

factorial ANOVA was used to evaluate the effect of diets and feeding period

on weight of birds. Nonlinear logistic model was used to describe growth

parameters (asymptotic body weight, inflection point and rate of exponential

growth) of broiler. The broiler received diets with PUFA oils had higher

asymptotic weight and later growth inflection points compared to broilers fed

by sunflower oil. Among experimental diets D3 diet had higher rate of

exponential growth. Broilers from all experimental treatments had similar

(P˃0.05) final body weight.

Key words: PUFA oils, broiler, growth characteristics

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

149

New alternative protein source ın poultry nutrition: Insects

Özcan, M.A.1

1Ordu University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Animal Science,

Turkey; www.odu.edu.tr

Summary

It is known that feed costs constitute part of the 60-80% of the cost in animal

production as well as approximately 15% of the cost of feed is composed of

protein costs. Protein is an important nutrient for poultry rations and are

essential for the renewal of worn-out tissues and organs and sustaining

growth and development. In particular, such as soybean meal, peanut meal

and fish meal which the high cost of protein-rich feding redients affects

productivity negatively. Therefore, increasing demand for low-cost poultry

feed. Soybean acreage is limited product. Fishmeal is not producing enough

due to the decrease in the abundance of fish in the sea. Increased demand for

the these materials, and decrease in production costs of these resources leads

to a further increasing of cost. So, for the poultry that come to the forefront of

protein quality that urgently there is a need for alternative new sources of

protein. New alternative protein source as insects can be grown on organic

wastes such as manure and fish waste. Adult insects can be considered as raw

material, also these insects during the larvae land pupae can be used as the

raw material. Insects have a higher protein content compared to the protein

sources such as soybean meal and fish meal, and in terms of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe

and C, such as minerals are richer. The protein contents ranged from 43.9%

to 77.1%. Insects play important role for the poultry manure in the reduction

of biomass wastes in turning vane, in addition to the high protein content.

Nowadays, the biggest obstacles for the use of insect species in the poultry

feeding is the high production cost. Although insect species are a significant

potential in point of feed quality, European Union in terms don’t not allow

the evaluation of insect proteins as raw material at the moment.

In this rewiev, the effects of the use of some insect species as protein source

in poultry rations will be put out by scanning various literature.

Key words: Insects, Poultry Nutrition, Protein Source

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

150

The effect of feeding different milk programs on dairy calf growth,

health and development

Yavuz, E.1, Todorov, N.

1, Ganchev, G.

1, Nedelkov, K.

2

1Agricultural Faculty and

2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia

University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria

Summary

Object was to evaluate the effect of quantity and duration of milk feeding on

growth and development of calves until 70 days of age. Sixty Black and

White female calves (38.4 kg live weight) were included in trial to test 3 milk

feeding programs: 1) Low milk (LM), 4 L/day, totally 172 L to weaning on

49 days of age. 2) Moderate milk (MM), 6 L/day, 315 L milk to 56 days. 3)

High milk (HM) 8 L/day, 416 L to weaning at 56 days. Calf starter with 19%

crude protein (CP) consisting of 50% whole maize grain and 50% pelleted

protein concentrate (29% CP) was offered free choice to all groups. Alfalfa

hay was offered ad libitum after 35 days of age. Beginning of rumination was

observed and duration of rumination was recorded on 53 – 56 and 67 – 70

days of age. Dry matter (DM) intake, net energy (FUG) intake and live

weight gain (LWG) until 35 days of age were different (P<0.05) for LM,

MM, and HM groups. From 36 to 56 days of age DMI, FUG intake and LWG

differed (P<0.05) only between LM and HM groups. The DM conversion

ratio was higher for HM than LM group until 35 days of age, but not later.

There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in FUG efficiency between

groups. Size growth followed LWG, but differences between groups of

calves were significant only after 35 days of age for withers height, and after

56 days of age for heart girth. Rumination time differed between groups only

at 53 – 56 days of age. After weaning, the growth, health condition,

rumination and feed efficiency were equal for the three groups of calves. In

conclusion abundant colostrum and milk feeding resulted in significant

advancing in live weight and frame size growth during the first 35 days of

life, before rumen development and increased dry feed intake.

Key words: Dairy calf, milk feeding, growth, health, feed efficiency

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

151

Effect of physical form of starter feed on intake, growth rate, behavior,

and health status of female dairy calves

Yavuz, E.1, Todorov, N.

1, Ganchev, G.

1, Nedelkov, K.

2

1Agricultural Faculty and

2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia

University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria

Summary

The aim was to compare the effect of physical form of starter feed on growth

and development of dairy calves until 70 days of age. Forty female Black and

White calves at one day of age and average live weight (LW) of 39.2 kg are

divided in four equal groups. Treatments were four physical forms of starter

feed: 1) Whole maize grain plus pelleted protein concentrate (WMP), 2)

Pelleted starter feed (PSF), 3) Starter in meal form with coarsely grounded

maize (MSF), and 4) 95% MSF + 5% Nutrilait (contains 35% whey powder)

(MSN). The calves from the 4 groups received 6 L/day colostrum in 3

feedings the first two days, gradually increasing the quantity of milk until 6

days of age, and 8 L/day in 2 feeding unmarketable pasteurized whole milk

until 56 days of age. From 35 days of age all calves were provided alfalfa hay

ad libitum. Live weight and frame size (withers heights and heart girth) were

measured at birth on 35, 56 and 70 days of age. There were no significant

differences in the intake of different starters, both pre- and post-weaning.

Live weight gain, frame size gain and feed efficiency of calves receiving

different starters feed were practically similar. WMP and PSF starter allowed

similar intake, performance and health status to those of calves fed coarsely

ground starters. Eating time was significantly longer, and there was a

tendency for increasing rumination time, when calves received whole maize

grain, compared to other starters. In conclusion, the starter with equal

ingredient and nutrient composition in coarsely ground or pelleted form, and

starter of whole maize plus pelleted protein concentrate ensured equal gain,

feed efficiency and health of calves.

Key words: calves, physical form of whole grain, pellet, intake, growth

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

152

Comparison of different protein sources in ration for dairy cows

Yildiz, E.1, Todorov, N.

1, Nedelkov, K.

2

1Agricultural Faculty and

2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia

University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria

Summary

The aim was to compare sunflower meal (SFM), as a protein source in rations

of dairy cows with rape seed meal, canola type (RSM), dry distillers grain

with solubles (DDGS) from maize, and soybean meal (SBM). Twenty for

Holstein cows averaging 51 days in milk and 603 kg body weight are

randomly assigned in 4x4 Latin square design trials with 21 days period.

Total mixed ration with 17.1% crude protein (CP) consisted of 4.3 kg alfalfa

hay, 22 kg maize silage (31% DM), and 12.2 kg compound feed. Protein

source for 4 treatments was: 1) 39% SFM, 2) 46.6% RSM, 3) 62% DDGS,

and 4) 32% SBM in compound feed. By adding sunflower hulls to diets with

SBM, RSM and DDGS, and maize germ as source of fat to ration with SFM,

RSM and SBM all ration were equalized by net energy, CP, crude fiber and

fat in DM. Intake of DM tended to be higher for diet with DDGS and SBM.

Milk production per day was lower for cows receiving SFM diet (30.1 kg),

compare to SBM diet (33.2 kg) (P<0.05). There was not differences (P>0.05)

between SBM, RSM and DDGS rations. Milk protein yield was 1.08, 1.05,

1.04 and 0.96 kg/day for cows receiving diets with SBM, RSM, DDGS and

SFM respectively, and protein in milk 3.24, 3.22, 3.19 and 3.18%

respectively (P>0.05). Non protein nitrogen in milk from SFM diet was

higher, then for other diets (R<0.05). There were not significant differences

in yield of fat, and percentage of fat in the milk for 4 treatments. Energy

corrected milk from 1 kg DM intake were lowest in cows fed SFM diet (1.54

kg) (P<0.05), followed by DDGS (1.63 kg), RSM (1.67), and SBM (1.69 kg).

From 1 kg CP in ration with SFM was produced less true protein in milk

(P<0.05) than from other rations. Farm gate price was 15 to 23% higher for

SBM than for other three rations.

Key words: protein sources, dairy cows, milk yield, milk composition

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

153

Comparison of rations for dairy cows with soybean meal or with

rapeseed meal in which the main source of protein is sunflower meal

Yildiz, E.1, Todorov, N.

1, Nedelkov, K.

2

1Agricultural Faculty and

2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia

University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria

Summary

The aim of experiments is to check whether the inclusion of soybean meal in

the diet will improve performance of dairy cows fed ration with sunflower

meal as main protein source. The trial is conducted with twenty four Holstein

cows at 39±10 days in milk in the beginning of the experiment, using the

switch-back scheme. The cows were divided into two groups and were fed

rations with or without soybean meal for 4 weeks, and then rations were

exchanged each for the other during another 4-week period. The cows in both

groups were fed ad libitum with totally mixed rations. The two experimental

rations contained approximately 2.5 kg alfalfa hay, 23 kg maize silage, 0.6 kg

molasses and 11.5 kg concentrate mixture. For the first ration concentrate

mixture contained 12.7% soybean meal. In the concentrate for second ration,

soybean meal and 5.9% of grain were replaced by 19% rape seed meal,

canola type (RSM ration). The two concentrate mixtures contained 26%

sunflower meal (SFM) and 8% DDGS from maize. The two experimental

rations were equal in feed units for milk and crude protein content, but RSM

ration had lower protein digestible in intestine level by 4.4% during the first

period of trial compared to SBM ration. During each experimental period, as

well as average for the two periods of trial, there were no significant

differences (P>0.05) in dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, as

well as in dry matter and net energy utilization for milk production, between

rations. There was a tendency for higher live weight losses, and for bigger

decrease in body condition score in cows receiving RSM ration. In

conclusion under the conditions of the experiment, it is possible to replace,

the expensive soybean meal with rapeseed meal, canola type in ration with

sunflower meal as a main protein source.

Key words: Dry distillers grain with solubles (DDGS), rapeseed meal,

sunflower meal, soybean meal, milk yield

Authors' index

A

Abaci, S.H. 33

Abdourhamane, I. M. 26

Abdulkareem, T.A. 51*, 52

Abdul-Rahaman, Y.T.51

Ağyar, O. 65*, 99*,

100*

Ajalli, S. 147

Akbağ, H.I. 82

Akbulut, K. 145

Akça, N. 133*

Akçay, A. 104

Akin, A.C. 75

Akkan, A. 140

Aksel, M. 90

Aksoy, Y. 29

Aksu, T. 137

Akyüz, B. 104

Alçiçek, A. 34, 141

Al-Hamdani, A. 59

Al-Hamdani, H. 59*

Al-Rawi, H.M. 51

Altop, A. 28

Antunović, Z. 114*

Aral, Y. 74

Arat, S. 117*

Arikan, M.S. 75

Arserim, N.B. 81

Arslan, K. 104

Arsoy, D. 115

Aslan, Ö. 104*

Ata, N. 88, 95*

Ataç, F.E. 91, 115*

Atanasoff, A. 120*

Awlad, M.E.M.M. 69*

Ayasan, T. 62

Ayhan, V. 41

B

Babacanoğlu, E. 76, 111*

Bakır, G. 129

Balieva, G. 73*

Başer, E. 57*

Basmacioğlu-Malayoğlu, H. 147*

Başpinar, E. 89

Baylan, M. 62*

Biçer, O. 94

Bilgen, G. 34

Bilgin, Ö.C. 134

Bingöl, M. 133

Bingöl, N.T. 137

Bircan, R. 117

Biricik, H. 58

Blažek, D. 86

Boğa, M. 144

Bogdanović, V. 22

Bostan Budak, D. 40

Boz, M.A. 106*

Bozakova, N. 120

Bozkurt, Y. 48*, 97*

Bozkurt Kiraz, A. 60*

Boztepe, S. 35

Brka, M. 22, 135*

Bucak, M.N. 49

Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S. 63

C

Cagiltay, F. 119, 120

Çakmakçı, C. 107*, 108*

Çam, A. M. 50

Canatan, T. 145*

Çankaya, S. 33

Canogullari, S. 62

Canyurt, M.A. 42, 109

Carreón-Luna, L. 72

Cavusoglu, E. 26

Çelik, L. 78

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

155

Cemal, İ. 88, 94, 95

Cengic-Dzomba, S. 148*

Çevrimli, M.B. 74, 75*

Cifci, A. 66

Cilveli, G. 132

Çobanoğlu, Ö. 33*

Çolak, A. 64*

Copur, G. 62

Coşkun, B. 83*

Coskun, F. 25*, 30

Coskun, I. 28* , 140

Cruz-García, M. 72

Cufadar, Y. 64

D

Dağ, B. 32, 145

Dal, B. 100

Das, H. 36*, 53

Daskiran, I. 41*

Dehghani, A. 101

Delialioğlu, R.A. 89

Deliradeva, R. 128

Demir, E.Ö. 89*

Demir, N. 76*

Demircan, A. 82

Dereboylu, A. 138

Dikmen, S. 58

Dimitrievska, B.R. 20

Doğan, Ş. 145

Dokso, A. 135

Domaćinović M. 114

Dospatliev, L. 119

Dražić, M. 56

Dzomba, E. 148

Đedović, R. 22*

Đidara, M. 114

E

Eidan, S.M. 51, 52*

Ekim, O. 119, 120

Ensoy, U. 29

Erdem, H. 24, 82*

Erdoğan, S. 139*

Erduran, H. 32*

Eren, A. 117

Erener, G. 28, 140*

Erol, H. 131*

Ertugrul, M. 30

Esenbuğa, N. 79, 134

F

Filik, G. 28

G

Ganchev, G. 150, 151

Georgieva, S. 21

Gevrekçi, Y. 91

Gezen, S.S. 58

Gidikova, P. 128

Gök, B. 132

Gökdai, A. 74

Göktepe, F. 132*

Göncü, S. 39, 40, 70,

71*

Gönülol, E. 122

Görgülü, M. 69, 71

Güler, H.C. 76

Gültekin, U. 39

Günaşti, N.E. 103*

Gunduz, Z. 94*

Güney, M. 137*

Gürcan, E.K. 33, 90

H

Hadzic, Dz. 148

Halici, İ. 145

Han, Y. 129*, 130

Hanoglu, H. 58*

Hernández-Guzmán, K. 72

I

Içen, H. 81*

İlgar, E.G. 104

Ipçak, H.H. 34, 138,

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

156

141*, 147

İpek, P. 129, 130

Işık, N. 81

Işık, R. 34*

Ivanov, V. 119

J

Jakovljević, G. 22

Janković, D. 121

Jørgensen, K.F. 107

K

Kaliber, M. 63

Kan, M. 145

Kara, K. 27, 63

Karabacak, A. 35*

Karaca, O. 88

Karaca, S. 77*, 108,

116*, 139

Karaçuhalilar, A. 134

Karadaş, F. 139

Karakaş, V. 61

Karataş, A. 129, 133

Karami, M. 67*, 85*

Kargo, M. 107

Kaya, A. 81

Kaymakçı, M. 91*, 115

Keleş, İ. 104

Kengeueleoua, A.K. 109

Keskin, B. 129

Keskin, M. 134

Kinet, H. 49

Kingueleoua, K.K.C. 42*, 109*

Kiraz, S. 96*

Kırıkçı, K. 50*

Klir Ž. 114

Kocabaş, Z. 89

Kocak, M. 98

Kocaman, I. 110

Kocaoğlu Güçlü, B. 27, 63

Koluman, N. 39*, 41, 70

Konanç, K. 66

Konca, Y. 63*

Koncagul, S. 96, 133

Konyalı, A. 41

Konyalı, C. 82

Kop-Bozbay, C. 55*

Kopuzlu, S. 134

Kor, A. 77

Koycu, E. 125

Kristensen, T. 107

Kučević, D. 45

Küçükönder, H. 99

Kul, E. 24*, 25, 33,

84

Kuran, M. 29, 47

Kurbal, Ö.F. 76

Kurc, H.C. 110*

Kutlu, H.R. 60

M

Mendeş, M. 37, 98

Mevliyaoğulları, E. 39, 40, 70,

71

Mihaylova, G. 21

Mihaylova, S. 113

Mirtagioğlu, H. 37

Murat, H. 74*, 75

Muratovic, S. 148

N

Nancheva-Koleva, K. 113

Nedelkov, K. 150, 151,

152, 153

Nikolov, G. 120

Novoselec, J. 114

O

Ocak, N. 55

Ocak, S. 43*

Ogun, S. 43

Okut, H. 92, 93

Okuyucu, B. 146

Olivares-Pérez, J. 72

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

157

Onal, A.R. 124*, 125*,

126

Önder, D. 70*

Önenç, A. 29, 122*

Ostojić, G. 45*

Otuzbirov, R. 73

Özcan, M.A. 149*

Ozdemir, M. 102

Ozder, M. 124, 125,

126

Özdüven, M.L. 146*

Özelçam, H. 138*

Özkan, C. 81

Özkaya, A. 65

Ozturk, E. 66*

Özüretmen, S. 138

P

Paksoy, Z. 36, 53*

Panayotov, M. 21

Pavičić, J. 56

Petek, M. 26*

Pintić Pukec, N. 86*

Pirinççi, E. 40*

Platikanova, M. 128

Plavšić, M. 121

Polat, M. 75

Popovski, Z.T. 20*

R

Radev, V. 21

Reynoso-Palomar, A. 72

Rustempasic, A. 135

S

Şahin, Ah. 28

Sahin, Az. 25, 84*

Sahin, H.A. 66

Şahin, M. 99, 100

Şamli, H.E. 28

Şan, A. 37*

Sandev, N. 128*

Sandeva, R. 113*

Sandeva, G. 113, 128

Sarica, M. 106

Sariçiçek, B.Z. 143*, 144*

Sariozkan, Sa. 27*, 63

Sarıözkan, Se. 49*

Savaş, T. 41, 82, 83

Secer, F.S. 120

Sen, U. 47*

Ser, G. 92*, 93

Serbester, U. 78

Sezgin, E. 134*

Şimşek, Ş. 122

Şirin, E. 29*

Slavov, R. 21*

Solić, D. 86

Sonmez, Z. 102*

Soycan-Önenç, S. 142*

Soysal, M.İ. 90*, 132

Stankov, I. 21

Stankovski, S. 45

Stanojević, D. 22

Stojić, P. 22

Stručić, D. 86

Sucak, M.G. 65

Sultan, O.A.A. 52

Šaran, M. 121

Šoškić, T. 121*

Štrbac, Lj. 121

T

Taghiloofar, A.H. 147

Talebi, M.A. 44*, 101*

Talug, A.M. 58

Tan, F. 123

Tasdemir, U. 49

Tat, M. 28

Tekik, H. 145

Tepeli, C. 146

Tez, Ş. 129, 130*

Todorov, N. 150, 151,

152, 153

BALNIMALCON 2015___________________________________________________

158

Topal, E. 26

Topal, M. 103

Tran, N.Q. 98*

Trivunović, S. 45, 121

Tsoneva, V. 113

Tudor, P. 56

Tuna, M. 117

Tuna, Y.T. 124, 125,

126*

Tuncer, P.B. 49

Turan, A. 142

Turkyilmaz, D. 79*

U

Üçkardeş, F. 99

Uğurlu, M. 29

Ugurlutepe, E. 25, 84

Ülker, M. 33

Ulusan, M. 104

Ulutaş, P.A. 49

Ulutaş, Z. 29, 84

Ünal, M. 134

Unal, N. 131

Ünay, E. 61

Uruk, E. 78, 80

Üstener, H. 115

Utrera-Quintana, F. 72

V

Vatankhah, M. 44

Vestergaard, M. 107

Villa-Mancera, A. 72*

Vural, M.E. 132

Vural, Me.Em. 129, 130,

133

Y

Yamak, U.S. 106

Yaman, Sa. 126

Yaman, Se. 61*

Yarar, E. 124

Yavuz, E. 150*, 151*

Yenilmez, F. 78*, 80*

Yildirim, A. 84

Yildirim, B. 144

Yildiz, E. 152*, 153*

Yılmaz, A. 116, 139

Yilmaz, E. 65

Yılmaz, M.C. 92, 93*

Yilmaz, On. 88*, 94, 95

Yilmaz, Or. 30*

Yüksel, S. 134

Z

Zapryanova, D. 119*

Zecevic, E. 135

Zhang, X. 45

Živoder, D. 56*