Boccalon R :“L'arte della cura e la cura dell'arte, dalla clinica alla formazione”, in Ferrari...

19

Transcript of Boccalon R :“L'arte della cura e la cura dell'arte, dalla clinica alla formazione”, in Ferrari...

*

www.psicoart.unibo.it

PPssiicchhiiaattrraa,, PPssiiccootteerraappeeuuttaa,, DDiirreettttoorree IIssttiittuuttoo ddii PPssiiccootteerraappiiaa EEsspprreessssiivvaa-- AATTII BBoollooggnnaa 2

II qquuaaddeerrnnii ddii PPssiiccooAArrtt

Roberto Boccalon*

L'arte della cura e la cura dell'arte: dalla clinica alla formazione

!"#$%&"#'($%"(%)'('#$*%+$,'-)'%.(%/'-.0'%).%12"3$+&$"#$4*%

5% 6-'%)$7(.% +,'&.% &#.-,.&"(.% 8)$((9"#0$% )$(% ,6#"#$:;% <"('#"%

&$#=*%("%&"#'("%5%6-"%+&'-)"%"-,'#"%0#'&&'%('-0"-"*%.-,">

&",$%).%'??#.#$%.//$)."0"/$-0$%6-%+'+0$7-'*%&$#%#.?($00$>

#$*%&$#%)"#$%+$-+'%$%&$-+"@.(.0A%"((9$+&$#.$-B"%6/"-";C%D"%

E+.,'0$#"&."%F+&#$++.G"% 5%6-"%/')"(.0A% ).% .-0$#G$-0'*% ")%

'#.$-0"/$-0'% &+.,').-"/.,'*% ,2$% &#'/6'G$% (960.(.BB'% .->

0$7#"0'%)$(%,').,$%$+&#$++.G'H,'/6-.,"0.G'%G$#@"($%$%&#$>

G$#@"($*% G"('#.BB"-)'*% .-% &"#0.,'("#$*% 7(.% +0#6/$-0.% $% ($%

0$,-.,2$% )I.-0$#G$-0'% +&$,.?.,2$% )$((IJ#0$% '% )$(("% !"-B"%

K'G./$-0'% <$#"&.";% D$% $+&#$++.'-.% "#0.+0.,2$*% "00#"G$#+'%

("% &#')6B.'-$% 7#"?.,'>&.00'#.,"% '% .(%/'G./$-0'% ,'#&'#$'*%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

3

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

,.% '??#'-'% +0#6006#$% &#$('7.,2$% &$#% +G.(6&&"#$% ,"&",.0A%

+./@'(.,2$%$% (.-76$%")"00$%"%,'/6-.,"#$%$+&$#.$-B$% .-0$>

#.'#.N%8(9'&$#"%)9"#0$%5%6-%+./@'('%-'-%).+,'#+.G'%,2$%#.$>

+,$%")%"#0.,'("#$%,.=%,2$% #.+6(0"% .-$??"@.($% .-% 0$#/.-.%G$#>

@"(.*%$++"%$+&#./$%,'-+"&$G'($BB"%).#$00"*%$/'B.'-$*%.)$->

0.0A*%("%/"0#.,$%)$(%/$-0"($:;O%P%&#',$++.%$)%.%&#')'00.%$+0$>

0.,.*%/'0'#.%'%7#"?.,.*%+'-'%6-%"(?"@$0'%"#,".,'%$%8&$#%'??#.>

#$% 6-"% +&$#"-B"% ).% G.0"% "-,2$% "(($% &"#0.% &.Q% -"+,'+0$% $)%

.-"+,'(0"0$%).%+R*%',,'##$%/$00$#($%.-%,'-).B.'-$%).%$+&#.>

/$#+.*% &#$+0"-)'% ('#'% 6-% +6'-'*% $% &'.% 6-"% (.-76":;S%% !D9$>

+&$#.$-B"%,#$"0.G"%5%?.-%)"((9.-.B.'*%'%?.-%)"%-6'G.%.-.B.%#$+.%

-$,$++"#.%)"(($%G.,.++.06).-.%)$(%).+"7.'%&+.,2.,'*%6-%)."('>

7'%&'++.@.($N%%

!

T6"-)'%.(%)'('#$%5%,'+U%.-0$-+'%)"%-'-%"G$#$%&.Q%",,$++'%

"(("% ,'+,.$-B"*% V6"-)'% .% &$-+.$#.% +'-'% ,'+U% ).+&$#+.% )"%

-'-% $++$#$% &.Q% ,'/&#$-+.@.(.% ".% &#'&#.% +./.(.*% V6"-)'% .%

,'-0"00.%&.Q%G.0"(.%,'-%.(%/'-)'%+'-'%#$,.+.*%-$&&6#$%"(('>

#"% ('% +&.#.0'% )$((96'/'% +',,'/@$% $% .(% @.+'7-'% ).% ,#$"#$%

&6=%&$#+.+0$#$"W%

%%

X"-%Y'72%-$((I"&#.($% 4ZZ[%5% #.,'G$#"0'%-$((I'+&$)"($%&+.>

,2."0#.,'%).%1".-0>LR/\;%P(%!'00'#%Y",2$0*%,2$% ('%$@@$%.-%

,6#"*%%",,'-+$-0U%%,2$%,'-0.-6"++$%%"%%).&.-7$#$;%%%%!.&.-+$%.(%%

%

%].7;%4%^%X;%X"-%Y'72*%#$%&*%4ZZ[;%

%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

4

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

%].7;%C%^%X;%X"-%Y'72*%'%($)%*+!),--.+&/,)(-,!(!0(%*123456*%4ZZ[;%

%

/'-)'% ,2$% &$#% (6.% $#"% ",,$++.@.($N% .% ?.'#.% $% 7(.% "(@$#.% )$(%

7."#).-'% _?.77;% 4% $% C`% ,'-% &$--$(("0$% G.G",.% ,2$% #$-)'-'%

(I.)$"%).%/'G./$-0';%D"% 0"G'('BB"% ,2$% ./&.$7=%$#"%7$-$>

#"(/$-0$%,'/&'+0"%)"%0.-0$%&.Q%/'#@.)$*%&.Q%+/'#B"0$%).%

V6$(($%")'&$#"0$%-$.%).&.-0.%?"00.%")%J#($+;%X.++60.%0#"6/">

0.,.% ($7"0.% "((9$+&$#.$-B"%"+.("#$*% #./'++.%)"(("%&#')6B.'-$%

$+0$0.,"% .//$)."0"*% $/$#7'-'*% &$#=*% "% ).+0"-B"% .-%/')'%

.-).#$00'%$%-'-%,"0"#0.,'*%.-%6-I"(0#"%'&$#"%_?.7;%O`;%D"%($0>

0$#"% ,'-% (9"--6-,.'% 0#"6/"0.,'%)$((9.//.-$-0$%/"0#./'>

-.'%)$(%?#"0$(('%5%&6-06"(/$-0$%#$7.+0#"0"%-$(%V6")#'*%/"%

("%+$/&(.,$%$+&#$++.'-$%)$(%?"00'%-'-%,'-+$-0$%).%#.$("@'>

#"#-$%.(%G.++60'%$%).%&#$G$-.#$%7(.%"7.0.%"60').+0#600.G.%_?.7;%

S`;%

D"% +0'#."% ).% a"#('*% #.,'G$#"0'% -$(%/"-.,'/.'% ).% X$#'-"*%

$#"%)$+0.-"0"%")%$++$#$%.-G.+.@.($%.-%G.0"%$%)./$-0.,"0"%)'>

&'%("%/'#0$;%b-%7.'#-'*%$#"%.(%4[WW*%#",,'(+$%6-%+"++'%"&>

&6-0.0'%$%"GG.,.-"0'+.%")%6-"%&"#$0$%.-,'/.-,.=%"%0#",,.">

#$%6-%7#"??.0'*%?.-'%"%V6"-)'%6-%.-?$#/.$#$%-'-%('%.//'>

@.(.BB=%./&$)$-)'7(.%).%+&'#,"#$%V6$(("%+6&$#?.,.$;%%%K"%,.%%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

5

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

%].7;%O%^%X;%X"-%Y'72*%7(!$+*)(!),%!/$%8%+*%,$%*%4Z[c;%

%].7;%S%^%X;%X"-%Y'72*%9(1:$(!5+$1(!;+*!;%/+--,*%4ZZ[;%

%

#.&#'G=%+$#G$-)'+.%V6$+0"%G'(0"%).%6-%&$BB'%).%($7-'N%#"&>

&#$+$-0=%6-"%+,$-"%/.+0$#.'+"%$%+0#"-";%P(%/$).,'%)$(%#$>

&"#0'%.-0$#&#$0=%V6$(%7$+0'%,'/$%6-%@.+'7-'%).%$+&#./$#+.%

7#"?.,"/$-0$% $% &$-+=% ).% )"#7(.% /"0.0$% $% ?'7(.;% a"#('% $#"%

6-'%+,2.B'?#$-.,'*%+.%$#"%#.0.#"0'%)"(%/'-)'*%)"7(.%"??$00.*%

.(%+6'%(.-76"77.'%$#"%6-9.-+"("0"%).%&"#'($;%D"%/"("00."%$#"%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

6

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

$+&('+"%"%G$-09%"--.;%F-0#=%"(%/"-.,'/.'%-$(%4[S4%$%G.%#.>

/"+$%?.-'%"%V6"(,2$%"--'%&#./"%).%/'#.#$*%-$(%4[dS;%<#$->

09% "--.% ).% ?'((."% -'-% ?"--'% +0'#.";% a"#('% &$#=% ,'-% V6$(($%

/"0.0$%$%,'-%V6$.%?'7(.%@."-,2.%"G$G"%.-.B."0'%6-%#",,'-0'%

,2$%-'-%2"%.-0$#$++"0'%+'('%7(.%&+.,2."0#.%,2$%($77$G"-'%0#"%

?.76#$%$%,'('#.%("%+6"%?'((."*%/"%"-,2$%7(.%"#0.+0.*%,2$%G.%#.->

G$-.G"-'%$+&#$++.'-.%&'$0.,2$%_?.77;%W%$%e`;%

f$(% 4[ee% g$"-%!6@6??$0% $% J-)#R%M#$0'-% &6@@(.,"-'% 6-"%

/'-'7#"?."%+6%a"#('%h.-$((.%-$(("%,'(("-"%iD$+%a"2.$#+%)$%

(9J#0%M#60i;%

P-%$&',"%&'+0%($77$%4Zc*%6-%&"B.$-0$*%)6#"-0$%6-%#.,'G$#'%

'+&$)"(.$#'% &$#% ).+06#@'% &+.,'0.,'% ",60'*% ).+$7-"% 6-"%

/"&&"%)$((9F6#'&"%,'-%.(%+6'%G'(0'*%+,'/&'+0'%$%#.,'/&'>

+0'%"(("%/"-.$#"%,6@.+0"*%&'+0'%"(%,$-0#'%0#"%6-%&#'?.('%7$>

'7#"?.,'% )$((9P0"(."*% 0$##"% /")#$*% $)% 6-% &#'?.('% "-0#'&'>

/'#?'*%/"%.-V6.$0"-0$*%)$(("%Y$#/"-."%,'-%$(/$00'%/.(.>

0"#$%$%0"-0$%,#',.%#$0"77.'%)$(($%76$##$%_?.7;%d`;%%P(%&#')'00'%

$+0$0.,'%#.$+,$%"%#"&&#$+$-0"#$%'(0#$%"(("%/$/'#."%).%,'->

?(.00.%%#$"(.*%%("%%).-"/.,"%%)$(%,'-?(.00'%0#"%'77$00.%.-0$#-.%.-%%

%].7;%W%>%a"#('%h.-$((.*%<+$5(!;+*!+$+-+8%+!(!;+*1+$*%!*,$%*%4[eS;%

%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

7

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

%].7;%e%^%a"#('%h.-$((.*%0,*=(!1%1+-+*%4[ec;%

%

"(0$#-"0.G"% "(("% +6"% $+0$-6"-0$% #$.0$#"B.'-$% &+.,'0.,";% D"%

#.?($++.'-$% )$(% &"B.$-0$H"#0.+0"% +6% 6-% "(0#'% +6'% &#')'00'%

$+0$0.,'% #$"(.BB"0'% )6#"-0$% ("% )$7$-B"% _?.7;% Z`*% "&#$% 6-"%

?.-$+0#"%+6(("%/"0$#."%)$(("%/$-0$%$%.-).,"%"(%0$/&'%+0$++'%

6-"% 0#".$00'#."*%-$,$++"#."% $%&'++.@.($*% )$(("% #$("B.'-$% 0$>

#"&$60.,"N!816(("%)$+0#"%,95%.(%&.00'#$*%+'-'%.'%,'-%.(%,"&&$(>

('j%$%V6$(('%-'-%5%6-%@"+0'-$%5%.(%&$--$((';% %J(%,$-0#'%,95%

6-"%7#'00"%,'-%)$-0#'%6-%?"-0"+/"%,2$%G"%%"%%B.7%%B"7%0#"%($%%

%].7;%d%^%1;%];*%>+-1+!,)!?:$+/("%

%

,'+$%G.G$%_0#$%"(@$#$((.`%$%($%,'+$%/'#0$%_.(%-6/$#'%4OZC`@%

.(%?"-0"+/"%(92'%,'('#"0'%).%7."(('*%/"%-'-%('%+.%&6=%G$)$#$%

$% -'-% ('% +.% &6=% ",,2."&&"#$*% &$#,2R% )$-0#'% ("% 7#'00"% ,95%

@6.'j%")%6-%,$#0'%&6-0'%.(%?"-0"+/"%+.%+&.",,.,"%+6(("%&"#$>

0$%)$(("%7#'00"%$%,'+U%('%&'++."/'%#.,'-'+,$#$:;!16(("%&"#$>

0$% +.-.+0#"% )$(("% 7#'00"% +.% &'0$G"% '++$#G"#$% 6-"% ,'/&'+.>

B.'-$%).%0.&'%"+0#"00'%,2$%&$#%($%?'#/$%$)%.%,'('#.%60.(.BB"0.%

#.,'#)"G"%6-%V6")#'%).%K.#=;%P(%&"B.$-0$%"G$G"%?#$V6$-0">

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

8

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

0'%+'('% ($%+,6'($%$($/$-0"#.*%-'-%,'-'+,$G"% 8,'-+"&$G'(>

/$-0$:% .(%/.0'%)$(("%,"G$#-"%).%E("0'-$*%-R% (9"#0$%/')$#>

-"*%/"% -$(("% +6"% &#')6B.'-$% $#"-'% ,'/6-V6$% 80$+0./'>

-."0$:% $% ("% #.?($++.'-$% +6%).% $++"% &'0$G"% ?"#% 0$+'#'%).% 0"(.%

#.+'#+$%+./@'(.,2$;%

b-9")'($+,$-0$%,'-%6-%&#'@($/"0.,'%&#'?.('%).%&$#+'-"(.0A%

.-%6-%(6-7'%&$#,'#+'%0$#"&$60.,'%"/@6("0'#."($%+&$#./$->

0"*%"00#"G$#+'%.%/"0$#."(.%"#0.+0.,.*%0#"+?'#/"B.'-.%)"(%/"7>%

%

%

].7;%Z%^%1;%];*%<(*1(&5(!*,--(!8$+11(;%

%

].7;%[%^%J;%Y;*%A(-!5(85(;%

%

/"%_?.7;%[`%"(("%?'#/"%_?.7;%4c`*%)"(($%#'006#$%"(($%#.&"#"B.'>

-.*%?.-'%")%"&&#')"#$%"(("%)./$-+.'-$%)$(("%#.$("@'#"B.'-$%

$%+./@'(.BB"B.'-$%_?.7;%44`;%J%V6$(%&6-0'%&6=%#"&&#$+$-0">

#$%.(%+6'%,'-?(.00'%.-0$#-'%"-,2$%,'-%($%&"#'($*%#",,'-0"->

)'%6-"%+0'#."N!!%

DI'/@#"% )$(("% +'(.06).-$;% P(% ,"G"(.$#$% .--'/.-"0'% $#"% .(%

&#'0$00'#$%)$(("%?'#$+0"*%6-%7.'#-'%+.%"(('-0"-=%&$#%"-)"#$%%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

9

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

%

].7;%4c%^%J;%Y;*%9:+B,!C+$5,;%

%

%

].7;%44%^%J;%Y;*%7.+5D$(!),--(!&+-%1:)%*,;%

"%,$#,"#$%6-%/'+0#'%,2$%$#"%("%+'(.06).-$k%!.%V6$+0'%,">

G"(.$#$%-'-% +.% ,'-'+,'-'% ($% '#.7.-.% $*% V6.-).*% -'-% "G$G"%

.)$-0.0Ak%1.%+"%+'(0"-0'%,2$%(I'/@#"%)$(("%+'(.06).-$%"G$>

G"% ).+0#600'% ("% +6"% ,"+"% $% +.% $#"% ./&")#'-.0"% ).% 0600'k%

K$-0#$%(6.%$#"%('-0"-'%&$#%,$#,"#$%V6$+0'%-$/.,'*%("%+'(.>

06).-$% +.% ./&")#'-U% "-,2$% )$(("% ?'#$+0"% $% ).$)$% ?6','% "%

0600'kDI$#'$%.--'/.-"0'%"##.G=%-$(("%,"+"%)$(("%+'(.06).>

-$%$%-'-%0#'G=%-$++6-'*%$#"%0600'%).+"@.0"0'k%J(('#"%)$,.>

+$%).%0'#-"#$%.-).$0#'%$%+6(("%G."%.-,'-0#=%7(.%"@.0"-0.%)$(("%

?'#$+0"% ,2$% ?677.G"-'% "% ,"6+"% )$(% #'7'k% ,'#+$% G$#+'% .(%

-$/.,'%$%(I"77#$)U%"(($%+&"(($%/"%(I'/@#"%('%7$00=%"%0$##A%

+,'-?.00'*% "(('#"% (I.--'/.-"0'% 0'#-=% "((I"00",,'% $% G.-+$%

+0"G'(0"%(6.k(I'/@#"%0'#-=%)$-0#'%"(%,'#&'%$%(I.--'/.-"0'%

7(.%,2.$+$%,'+"%+"&$G"%)$(("%+6"%+0'#."%$%&$#,2R%"G$G"%#'>

G.-"0'%0600'k%("%+'(.06).-$%-'-%#.+&'+$%&$#,2R%$#"%0#'&&'%

+0"-,"%&$#%.(%,'/@"00./$-0'%/"*%"&&$-"%G.)$%0'#-"#$%.->

).$0#'%7(.%"@.0"-0.%)$(("%?'#$+0"*%,"&U%,2$%.-%?'-)'%"G#$@@$%

G'(60'%?"#+.%)$7(.%"/.,.%$%?'#+$%?",$G"%)$(%/"($%&$#,2R%$#"%

0#'&&'%+'("kl%

%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

10

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

D"%&#')6B.'-$%).%.//"7.-.%$H'%,'#$'7#"?.$%,'#&'#$$*%&6=%

".60"#$%"%#.&#$-)$#$%.(%?.('%).%6-%).+,'#+'*%0"('#"%+'+&$+'%'%

+&$BB"0';%D"%#.,,2$BB"*%("%,'/&($++.0A%$%(9.-0$-+.0A%)$.%,'>

).,.%$+&#$++.G.%-'-%G$#@"(.%&6=%?",.(.0"#$%(9",,$++'*%.-%+$->

+'% 0#"+?'#/"0.G'*% )"(("% )./$-+.'-$% )$(% 8+.7-.?.,"-0$:% "%

V6$(("% )$.% +6'.% &'++.@.(.% 8+.7-.?.,"0.:*% ,2$% #./"-)"-'% ,'>

/6-V6$% ")% 6-"% +&'-)"% #$("B.'-"($;% f$(("% E+.,'0$#"&."%

F+&#$++.G"% +.% "00.G"-'% &#',$++.% $% +0.(.% ,'/6-.,"0.G.% ,'(($>

7"0.%".%&'0$-B."(.%,#$"0.G.%&#./"#.j%+.%.-0#$,,."-'*%.-%?'#/$%

$%/').%G"#.$7"0.%"%+$,'-)"%)$.%/'/$-0.*%&#'G$%).%)."('7'%

).#$00'% 0#"% /'-)'% .-0$#-'% )$(% &"B.$-0$% $% )$(% 0$#"&$60";%

F-0#"#$%.-%,'-0"00'%,'-%.(%&"B.$-0$%$%("%+6"%,#$"B.'-$*%".6>

0"%"%,'/&#$-)$#("%-$(("%,'/&($++.0A%)$(($%+6$%./&(.,"B.'>

-.%$%")%.-0$#G$-.#$%.-%?6-B.'-$%)$(%&#',$++'%0$#"&$60.,'%.-%

,'#+';% D"% ,'/&#$-+.'-$% )$((I.-0$#>).&$-)$-B"% ,2$% $+.+0$%

0#"% &#',$++'% ,#$"0.G'% $% &#',$++'% 0$#"&$60.,'*% ?"% +U% ,2$% .(%

("G'#'%+G'(0'%"00#"G$#+'%("%)./$-+.'-$%$+0$0.,"*%/'0'#."%'%

7#"?.,"*% #.+6(0.% 6-'% )$.% &#.-,.&"(.% +0#6/$-0.% ).% "-"(.+.% $%

)I.-0$#G$-0';%P-%0"($%&#'+&$00.G"*%("%$,-(=%+*,!1,$(/,:1%;(*%

'(0#$%")%$++$#$%"-"(.BB"0"%.-%0$#/.-.%).%1$(*&C,$1!$%;+*1$+2

1$(*&C,$1*% G.$-$% .)$-0.?.,"0"%-$(("% ?'#/"*%-$(% ,'-0$-60'% $%

-$(%&#',$++'%)$((I$+&#$++.'-$%"#0.+0.,"%$%,'#&'#$";%

DI'#.BB'-0$% 0$'#.,'>/$0')'('7.,'% )$(("% E+.,'0$#"&."% F>

+&#$++.G"%2"%"00.-0'%.-.B."(/$-0$%"(("%&#'+&$00.G"%).%K$(">

-.$%m($.-e%$%"(("%0$'#."%)$(($%#$("B.'-.%'77$006"(.%+G.(6&&"0"%

)"% $+&'-$-0.% )$(("% ,'##$-0$% )$7(.% 8&+.,'"-"(.+0.% .-).&$->

)$-0.:%@#.0"--.,.*%,'/$%K"#.'-%K.(-$#d*%n.(?#$)%M.'-Z*%.-%

&"#0.,'("#$*% !'-"()% n.--.,'00[*% ,2$% 2"% .-0#')'00'% $% "&>

&#'?'-).0'%($%?6-B.'-.%)$(%7.','%,#$"0.G'%$%)$(%).+$7-'%-'-%

+'('%V6"(.%.-).,"0'#.%).%,'-?(.00.%'%@.+'7-.%$G'(60.G.*%/"%+'>

&#"00600'%,'/$%,"-"(.%).%,'/6-.,"B.'-$%$%).%+,"/@.'%,2$%

&'++'-'% +."% "##.,,2.#$% ("% ,'/6-.,"B.'-$% &#$,'-+,."% 0#"%

&"B.$-0$% $% 0$#"&$60"*% +."% ?",.(.0"#$% (I.-0$7#"B.'-$%

)$((I$+&$#.$-B"%&+.,2.,"%$%,'#&'#$";%

DI"00.G.0A% $+&#$++.G"*% ,2$% -$(("% 8G$,,2."% &+.,2."0#.":% $#"%

+'&#"00600'% &+.,'&"0'('7."% )$((I$+&#$++.'-$4c*% &6=% ).G$->

0"#$*%+$,'-)'%Y"$0"-'%M$-$)$00.44*%&.$-"%$+&#$++.'-$%)$(("%

&+.,'0$#"&."*%&$#,2R%&"B.$-0$%$%0$#"&$60"%&'++'-'%$+&$#.>

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

11

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

#$%-$(($%.//"7.-.%$%-$.%7$+0.%?"+.%)$(%,'/6-$%&$#,'#+'%)$(%

&#',$++'%.-0$#.'#$;%

P-%6-%V6")#'%0$'#.,'%).%#.?$#./$-0'%"/&."/$-0$%,'-).G.>

+'%,'-%"(0#$%&+.,'0$#"&.$%")%'#.$-0"/$-0'%&+.,').-"/.,'*%

("% E+.,'0$#"&."% F+&#$++.G"% 0#'G"% 6-"% +6"% +&$,.?.,.0A%

-$((I6+'% ).% +0#6/$-0.% $% /$0')'('7.$% )$#.G"-0.% )"7(.% +G.>

(6&&.%)$((IJ#0$%<$#"&."%$%)$(("%!"-B"%K'G./$-0'%<$#"&.";%

<"(.%).+,.&(.-$*%?'#/"(.BB"0$%-$7(.%"--.%T6"#"-0"%)"%K"#>

7"#$0%f"6/@6#7%$%K"#."-%a2"+$*%K"#\%10"#3+%n2.0$2'6>

+$*4C%+6%,'-,$006"(.BB"B.'-.%).%/"0#.,$%?#$6)."-"%_,'-,$00'%

).%+6@(./"B.'-$`%'%o6-72."-"%_.//"7.-"B.'-$%"00.G"`%,2$%

.-).#.BB"G"-'%")%6-%6+'%+&$,.?.,'%)$(('%+0#6/$-0'%G.+.G'%'%

/'0'#.'*% +'-'% +0"0$% ,'--'0"0$*% .-.B."(/$-0$*% ,'/$% .-0$#>

G$-0.%).%+6&&'#0'%.-%+.06"B.'-.%7#"G.*%7.6).,"0$%-'-%",,$+>

+.@.(.%"(("%&+.,'0$#"&."*%'%,'/$%0$#"&.$%,'/&($/$-0"#.*%#.>

+&$00'%")%6-"%&+.,'0$#"&."%G$#@"($;%16,,$++.G"/$-0$*%7#">

B.$% "(% #"??.-"#+.% )$((I$+&$#.$-B"% ,(.-.,"% $% "((I"/&(."/$-0'%

)$.%+$00'#.%).%"&&(.,"B.'-$%5%+'#0"%(I$+.7$-B"*%)"%6-"%&"#0$%

).%+.+0$/"0.BB"#$%"% (.G$(('%0$'#.,'>/$0')'('7.,'%0"(.%).+,.>

&(.-$*4O%)"((I"(0#"%).% .-0$7#"#$% ("% +0#6/$-0"B.'-$%+&$,.?.,"%

)$((IJ#0$% <$#"&$60"% $% )$(% !"-B"% K'G./$-0'% <$#"&$60"*%

,'-%($%,'/&$0$-B$%$%($%#$+&'-+"@.(.0A%)$(("%&#$+"%.-%,"#.,'%

)$(('% &+.,'0$#"&$60"*% 0#").B.'-"(/$-0$% $V6.&"77."0'% +6(%

&."-'% )$(('% +,"/@.'% &#$G"($-0$/$-0$% G$#@"($;% J(("% ?.-$%

)$7(.% "--.% 1$00"-0"*% 7#"B.$% "(% ,'-0#.@60'% ).% J#026#% L'@>

@.-+%$%)$((IP-+0.060$%?'#%Fp&#$++.G$%J-"(\+.+%).%f$q%r'#34S%

6-"%/"77.'#$%.-0$7#"B.'-$%)$(%/')$(('%0$'#.,'%)$(($%#$(">

B.'-.% '77$006"(.% ,'-% (I"&&"#"0'% 0$,-.,'% &#'&#.'% )$((IJ#0$%

<$#"&."%,'-+'(.)"G"*%-$(("%?'#/"B.'-$%,'/$%-$((I$+&$#.$->%

B"% ,(.-.,"*% ("% &#'+&$00.G"% % +&$,.?.,"% )$(("% E+.,'0$#"&."% F>

+&#$++.G";%L'@@.-+*%+'00'(.-$"-)'% .(%&"#"(($(.+/'%0#"%&#'>

,$++'% ,#$"0.G'% $% &#',$++'% 0$#"&$60.,'*% #.,'-'+,$G"% ,'/$%

&"#").7/"%+&$,.?.,'%)$(('%&+.,'0$#"&$60"%$+&#$++.G'%V6$(>

('%).%&'0$#%'??#.#$%6-"%+0#6006#"%$%6-%#.0/'%,2$%G")"-'%)"%

6-%$++$#$%+$-B"%?'#/"%"%6-%$++$#$%?'#/"%$%&'0$#+.%/6'G$>

#$% "G"-0.% $% .-).$0#'% .-% V6$+0'% &#',$++';% E"#"(($("/$-0$%

g6).02%m$+0$-@$#74W%$%.%+6'.%,'(("@'#"0'#.%)$(%81"-)%E'.-0%

106)\% Y#'6&:% &#$++'% 8<2$% a$-0$#% ?'#% E"#$-0+% "-)% a2.(>

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

12

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

)#$-:% ?'-)"0'%-$(% 4[dC%"%f$q%r'#3*%60.(.BB"-)'%7(.% +06).%

+6(%/'G./$-0'%).%L6)'(?%D"@"-*%?'-)"/$-0"(.%-$(("%!K<*%

.-% &"#0.,'("#$% .(% +.+0$/"% ).% '++$#G"B.'-$% )$(% /'G./$-0'%

D"@"-% K'G$/$-0% J-"(.+\+% *% "&&#'?'-).+,'-'% "00#"G$#+'%

+06).%+&$,.?.,.%$%,'-%+0#6/$-0.%+'?.+0.,"0.*%("%($006#"%$%,'/>

&#$-+.'-$%)$(%/'G./$-0'%$%)$(($%+6$%./&(.,"B.'-.%&+.,2.>

,2$;% P-'(0#$% .-)"7"-'% $% ",6.+,'-'% .-% /"-.$#"% +&$,.?.,"%

(I'++$#G"B.'-$%).#$00"%)$(%/'G./$-0'% #$("0.G"%"(('% +G.(6&>

&'%$G'(60.G'%)$(%@"/@.-'*%"(("%#$("B.'-$%/")#$%@"/@.-'%$%

&"#"(($(.+/.%&+.,2.,.% $% #$("B.'-"(.*% +G.(6&&"-)'% +0#6/$-0.%

)."7-'+0.,.%$%60.(.%"(('%+G'(7./$-0'%)$(% 0#"00"/$-0';%g'"-%

a2')'#'q*4e%&#$+.)$-0$%)$((9J/$#.,"-%!"-,$%<2$#"&\%J+>

+',."0.'-%)"(%4[dS%"(%4[de*%&+.,'"-"(.+0"*%/$/@#'%)$(%a;Y;%

g6-7% P+0.060$% ).% 1;% ]#"-,.+,'% )"(% 4[ZO*% 2"% "&&#'?'-).0'*%

-$(% +6'% "&&#',,.'% &+.,'"-"(.0.,'% o6-72."-'*% (I60.(.BB'% )$(%

/'G./$-0'%"60').#$00'%,'/$%?'-0$%&#.G.($7."0"*%.-+.$/$%"(%

+'7-'*%&$#%#"77.6-7$#$%.%,'-0$-60.%)$((I.-,'-+,.'%$%&'#0"#>

(.%"(("%,'+,.$-B"*%+G.(6&&"-)'%("%/$0')'('7."%)$%8P(%a'#&'%

.-% J-"(.+.:;% g"-$0% J)($#% 2"% ?'-)"0'% -$(% 4[Z4% (9P+0.060'%

K"#\%10"#3+%n2.0$2'6+$%-$(%f'#02"/&0'-%K"++",26+$00+%

$)%2"%"&&#'?'-).0'%("%#.,$#,"%).%,.=%,2$%",,")$%-$(%,"/&'%

#$("B.'-"($%0#"%&"B.$-0$%$%0$#"&$60"*%8/'G$#%$%q.0-$++:%+."%

-$(("%#$("B.'-$%).").,"%+."%-$(%7#6&&'*%+G.(6&&"-)'%("%+6"%

+&$,.?.,"% /$0')'('7."% )$(%K'G./$-0'% J60$-0.,';4d% P-% 6-%

0"($% 0.&'% ).% +$00.-7% +&$,.?.,'*% &'++'-'% &#$-)$#$% ?'#/"%

0#",,$%/-$+.,2$%.+,#.00$%-$(%,'#&'%$%/$/'#.$%"-0.,2$%,'-%

,6.%.(%0$#"&$60"%$-0#"%.-%,'-0"00'*%7#"B.$%"(%0#".-.-7%+&$,.>

?.,'*%"00#"G$#+'%(I$/&"0."%,'#&'#$"*%#.+'-"-B"*%+.-0'-.BB">

B.'-$% &$#% "##.G"#$% ")% 6-"% &'++.@.($% #$+0.06B.'-$% G$#@"($%

?.-"($;% s"--'% ,'-0#[email protected]'*% +6,,$++.G"/$-0$*% "(% ,'-+'(.>

)"/$-0'%)$(("%0$'#."%$%)$(("%0$,-.,"%)$(("%E+.,'0$#"&."%F>

+&#$++.G"%($%#.,$#,2$*%&+.,'"-"(.0.,2$%$%-'-*%+6(('%+G.(6&&'%

6/"-'*4Z% +6.% #"&&'#0.% 0#"%&+.,2$*% $+&$#.$-B"% ,'#&'#$"*% $>

+&#$++.'-$%"#0.+0.,"*%,'/6-.,"B.'-$%$+0$0.,"%$)%.-,'-+,.'4[%

+6(("%,'##$("B.'-$%0#"%,#$"0.G.0A*%#$7'("B.'-$%)$(($%$/'B.'>

-.%$%@$-$++$#$%&+.,'?.+.,';Cc%%

D9J++',."B.'-$%J#0%<2$#"&\%P0"(."-"*%)"(("%+6"%?'-)"B.'-$%

-$(% 4[ZC*%"-,2$%"00#"G$#+'% .(% ,'-?#'-0'%).#$00'%$)%"&&"+>

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

13

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

+.'-"0'% ,'-% $+&'-$-0.% +.7-.?.,"0.G.% )$(($% J#0.% <$#"&.$% )$(%

/'-)'%"-7('+"++'-$*%2"%/"06#"0'*%6-9$+&$#.$-B"%,(.-.,"%$%

?'#/"0.G"C4*%,2$%2"%?"G'#.0'%('%+G.(6&&'*%"-,2$%.-%P0"(."*%).%

6-"% &#'+&$00.G"% ).% &+.,'0$#"&."% &+.,').-"/.,"% "% /$).">

B.'-$%$+&#$++.G";%D9P+0.060'%).%E+.,'0$#"&."%F+&#$++.G"*%#.>

,'-'+,.60'%)"(%KPbL%-$(%CccS*%5%?#600'%).%0"($%$+&$#.$-B"%

$% -$% ,'+0.06.+,$% 6-% 6(0$#.'#$% $% ,#$"0.G'% +G.(6&&';% % f$(("%

&#'+&$00.G"%)$(("%E+.,'0$#"&."%F+&#$++.G"% (I"00'%)$(%,#$"#$%

6-I.//"7.-$% '% 6-"% )"-B"*% -'-% 5% "(('-0"-"/$-0'% )"(%

,'/&.0'*%"00",,'%"(%&#',$++'%,'-'+,.0.G'%$%"(%+$00.-7%,2$%('%

+'+0.$-$*%/"%5%&"#0$%.-0$7#"-0$%)$(%&#',$++'%0$#"&$60.,';CC%

f$(%,'#+'%)$(%("G'#'%.%G.++60.%&#'?'-).*%&6#%#./"-$-)'%.-.>

B."(/$-0$% ('-0"-.% )"((I$++$#$% ,'-+"&$G'(.*% +.% $+&#./'-'%

-$((I"00'%,#$"0.G'%+0$++'% 0#'G"-)'*% .-% "(0$#-"0.G"%"(% +.-0'>

/'*%6-%&#'&#.'%,"/&'%).%$("@'#"B.'-$;CO%f$(("%E+.,'0$#">

&."%F+&#$++.G"%("%&#')6B.'-$%$+0$0.,"*%.-%0$#/.-.%).%+$7-'%

7#"?.,'% '% /'0'#.'*% +.% ,'((',"% ,'/$% 0$#B'% &'('*% G$#0.,$% $%

/$)."0'#$%).%,'/6-.,"B.'-$% 0#"%&+.,'0$#"&$60"%$%&"B.$->

0$*%&$#/$00$-)'%(I"#0.,'("B.'-$%).%-6'G$%).#$00#.,.%).%.-0$>

#"B.'-$;% F++$% ,'/&#$-)'-'% .(% #"&&'#0'% 0#"% &"B.$-0$% $%

&#')'00'*% -$(% V6"($% .(% &"B.$-0$% +0$++'% &#'7#$++.G"/$-0$%

./&"#"%"%#.,'-'+,$#+.%$%G$)$%#.+&$,,2."0$%&"#0.%).%+R*%).??.>

,'(0A*% ).?$+$% .-,'-+,$*% ?"-0"+.$% '% @.+'7-.j% .(% #"&&'#0'% 0#"%

&"B.$-0$%$%0$#"&$60"%"00#"G$#+'%.(%&#')'00'*%.-%,6.%+.%"#0.,'>

("-'% $% &#$-)'-'% ?'#/"% ).-"/.,2$% 0#"-+?$#"(.% $% ,'-0#'>

0#"-+?$#"(.*%)"-)'%,'#&'%"(%,"/&'%)$(("%#$("B.'-$j%$)%.-?.>

-$% (I.-0$#"B.'-$%).#$00"% 0#"%&"B.$-0$% $% 0$#"&$60"% ,2$% ,'->

+$-0$%(I.-0$#G$-0'%0$#"&$60.,'%$%('%+,"/@.'*%G$#@"($%$%-'-*%

-$((I"#$"% 0#"-+.B.'-"($*% .-% (6'7'% $H'% .-+.$/$% "(% ,"/&'%

0#"-+% ?$#"($;CS% D"% ,'/&#$+$-B"% ).% V6$+0$% 0#$% )./$-+.'-.%

,'/6-.,"0.G$%&$#/$00$%"(%("G'#'%).%&#',$)$#$%"%&.Q%(.G$((.%

.-%V6"-0'%("%&#$+$-B"%)$((I'77$00'%G.$-$%.+,#.00"%.-%6-%,'->

0$+0'%).%+.7-.?.,"B.'-$%+./@'(.,";%Y(.%+G.(6&&.%)$(($%%-$6#'>

+,.$-B$CW% 2"--'% $G.)$-B."0'% .(% &#'?.('% 8.-,"#-"0':% )$(($%

?6-B.'-.%&+.,2.,2$%$)%2"--'%,'-?$#/"0'%.(%#6'('%)$.%,').,.%

$+&#$++.G.%&#$>G$#@"(.%)$(("%&#')6B.'-$%$+0$0.,"%/'0'#."%$%

7#"?.,"*% -$(("% #$7'("B.'-$% )$((9$+&$#.$-B"% $/'0.G"% $% )$.%

&#',$++.%).%")"00"/$-0';!

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

14

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

D"% E+.,'0$#"&."% F+&#$++.G"% 2"% +G.(6&&"0'*% ",,"-0'% "(("%

/')"(.0A%).%0#"00"/$-0'%.-).G.)6"($*%V6$(("%,2$%.-).G.)6"%

-$(%7#6&&'%6-"%+&$,.?.,"%#.+'#+"%0$#"&$60.,";%D"%Y#6&&'">

-"(.+.*%)".% +6'.% .-.B.Ce%"7(.% +G.(6&&.%&.Q% #$,$-0.*Cd%'??#$%6-%

/')$(('%0$'#.,'%$%0$,-.,'%,2$%?"G'#.+,$%.(%,'-?#'-0'%,'-%("%

&(6#"(.0A% )$.% +'77$00.% $% (9.-0$7#"B.'-$% )$(("% &(6#"(.0A% )$.%

(.-76"77.% _G$#@"(.*%/'0'#.*%7#"?.,.`% .-%6-"%&#'+&$00.G"%,(.>

-.,"% &+.,').-"/.,"/$-0$% '#.$-0"0";CZ% D$% .-).,"B.'-.% "(%

0#"00"/$-0'%).%E+.,'0$#"&."%F+&#$++.G"%+'-'%?'#/6("0$%.-%

@"+$%")%6-"%G"(60"B.'-$%)$.%@.+'7-.*%)$(("%/'0.G"B.'-$% $%

)$(($%#.+'#+$%&+.,'('7.,2$%)$(%&"B.$-0$;%DI6+'%).%+&$,.?.,2$%

/')"(.0A% 0$,-.,2$*% /606"0$% )"((9J#0$% <$#"&."% $% !"-B"%

K'G./$-0'% <$#"&."*% )$G$% $++$#$% +$/&#$% ?6-B.'-"($% "(%

&#',$++'%0$#"&$60.,'%$%G"%/')6("0'%.-%@"+$%"(("%,'-+"&$>

G'($BB"% )$(% &"#0.,'("#$%/'/$-0'% )$(("% 0$#"&."% $% )$.% )"0.%

,(.-.,.%#.($G"0.%-$(%,'#+'%)$((9.-0$#G$-0';%

D"% E+.,'0$#"&."% F+&#$++.G"% &6=% #$"(.BB"#+.% -$(('% +&"B.'%

)$(("%&#"0.,"%&#.G"0"*%'&&6#$%.-%,'-0$+0.%.+0.06B.'-"(.%_"/>

@6("0'#."($*%+$/.#$+.)$-B."($%'%#$+.)$-B."($`*%,'-%.%,'-+$>

76$-0.%#.?($++.%.-%0$#/.-.%#$"(.%$%?"-0"+/"0.,.;%P(%,'-0$+0'%).%

"&&(.,"B.'-$% &#$G"($-0$% 5% +0"0'% V6$(('% &+.,2."0#.,'*% ,'-%

.-).,"B.'-$% $($00.G"%-$(% 0#"00"/$-0'%).%).+06#@.% ,2$% ,'/>

&'#0"-'% ./&'G$#./$-0'% )$((I$+&#$++.'-$% G$#@"($% '% ,'-%

7$-$+.%-$(("%?"+$%&#$G$#@"($%)$((I$+&$#.$-B"%,'/$N%

^% -$(% ("G'#'% ,'-% .% D(5D%*%*% +.% 5% )./'+0#"0"% ,"&",$% ).%

#."00.G"#$% &#',$++.% )$(('% +G.(6&&'% &+.,'+$++6"($% -'#/"($%

"00#"G$#+'%6-%6+'%)$(% ,'#&'% $% )$(%/'G./$-0'% ?6-B.'-"($%

$)% ")"00.G'% '% "00#"G$#+'% (9$+&#$++.'-$%/'0'#.";% P-0$7#"0"%

"(("%!"-B"%K'G./$-0'%<$#"&."*% .-%&"#0.,'("#$*%5%#.+6(0"0"%

$??.,",$% -$(% #$>.-+0"6#"#$% '% -$(% &#'>/6'G$#$% .(%

#"77.6-7./$-0'% )$(("% ,"&",.0A% +./@'(.,"*% (A% )'G$%

?$-'/$-.% ).% #$7#$++.'-$% '% ?.++"B.'-$% ).?$-+.G"%

&$#+.+0$G"-'%

! -$(%("G'#'%,'-%7(.%()+-,&;,*1%!?",.(.0"*%"00#"G$#+'%(I6+'%

)$(%&#',$++'%,#$"0.G'*%("%,"-"(.BB"B.'-$%)$(($%G.,.++.06).-.%

+$++6"(.% $)% "77#$++.G$*% ,'-% .% #$("0.G.% ,'-?(.00.*% &#'&#.% ).%

V6$+0"%?"+$%$G'(60.G"%

^% -$(($% 1,$(/%,! ),--,! /&%;+&%E% )'G$% 7(.% '@.$00.G.%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

15

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

)$((9.-0$#G$-0'% +'-'% ("% #$/.++.'-$% ).% "(,6-.% +0"0.%

,'-?6+.'-"(.%'%)$(.#"-0.*%?"G'#.+,$%6-"%+$-+.@.($%#.)6B.'-$%

).% ,'/&'#0"/$-0.% "60'($+.G.% 7#"G.% $*% &.Q% .-% 7$-$#"($*% .(%

,'-0#'(('%)$7(.% ./&6(+.*% (I"(?"@$0.BB"B.'-$%$/'0.G"%$)%6-"%

/"77.'#$%,"&",.0A%).%'#.$-0"/$-0'%$%).%#$("B.'-$;%f$.%,"+.%

/$-'% 7#"G.% "(./$-0"% $)% ",,'/&"7-"% ("% _#.`-"+,.0"% ).% 6-%

&$-+.$#'% +./@'(.,'% $*% ,'/&($++.G"/$-0$*% 6-I$G'(6B.'-$%

/"06#"0.G"%)$(%+.+0$/"%).?$-+.G'*%.(%#.-?'#B'%)$(($%?6-B.'-.%

)$((I.'*% .-% &"#0.,'("#$% )$(($% ,"&",.0A% .)$"0.G$*% $% ")% 6-"%

&$#,$B.'-$%).%6-I.)$-0.0A%+6??.,.$-0$/$-0$%.-0$7#";%T6$+0.%

.-0$#G$-0.*% +$% +6??.,.$-0$/$-0$% +0#6006#"0.% $% &#'(6-7"0.*%

#.$+,'-'%")%"#7.-"#$%("%?#$V6$-B"%)$.%#.,'G$#.%$)%"%#$-)$#$%

&'++.@.(.%&#'7$00.%).%#."@.(.0"B.'-$%+',."($%

^%-$.%)%&1:$D%!)%!/,$&+*(-%1FE!&$#/$00$%).%",,$)$#$%")%6-"%

)./$-+.'-$%&#./"#."%).%$+&$#.$-B"%$%).%$("@'#"B.'-$%"%,6.%

6-% ,$#0'% 6+'% ).?$-+.G'% )$((I.-0$(($00'*% )$(("%

#"B.'-"(.BB"B.'-$%$%)$(($%&"#'($%-'-%,'-+$-0'-'%/'@.(.0A;%

1.%G$#.?.,"-'*% .-%@6'-"%&$#,$-06"($%6-%/.7(.'#$%,'-0#'(('%

)$7(.% "7.0.*% 6-"% /"77.'#$% ,"&",.0A% ).% $("@'#"#$% $%

0#"+?'#/"#$% .% &#'&#.% G.++60.j% (9$G'(6B.'-$% ).% ,"&",.0A% ).%

&$-+.$#'% $% +./@'(.,2$j% .(% &"++"77.'% ")% 6-% +.+0$/"%

).?$-+.G'% &.Q% ?6-B.'-"($% $)% ")"00.G'j% 6-"% /"77.'#$%

,'+,.$-B"% ).% +R% $)% 6-"% /.7(.'#$% ,"&",.0A% ).% +0"@.(.#$%

#$("B.'-.%+.7-.?.,"0.G$%

^% -$(($! &%*)$+5%! /+&121$(:5(1%;G,% )'G$*% .-% /')'%

&"#0.,'("#/$-0$%$/@($/"0.,'*%.(%).+"7.'%+$/@#"%$/$#7$#$%

)"((I./&'++.@.(.0A% ).% &$-+"#$% '% ).% )"#% G',$% ")%6-% G.++60'%

)'G60'% "(("% -"06#"% 0#"6/"0.,"% ).% 6-I$+&$#.$-B"*% #.+6(0"%

&"#0.,'("#/$-0$%G"(.)"%$)%$??.,",$%

^% -$(($% +.06"B.'-.% ).% ;$%&%% $% ).% )%&(8%+! /&%;+-+8%;+!

&+11+&+8-%(E% ($7"0$% "-,2$% "(($% G.,.++.06).-.% )$.% ,.,(.% )$(("%

G.0"% _06#@$% )$((I6/'#$% .-% ")'($+,$-B"% '% .-% /$-'&"6+"%

$0,;`*% #"&&#$+$-0"% 6-I$??.,",$% /')"(.0A% )I.-0$#G$-0'% .-%

V6"-0'% ?",.(.0"% ("% -$60#"(.BB"B.'-$% ).% ./&6(+.% ).+0#600.G.*%

?"G'#.+,$% 6-"% /"77.'#$% ?($++.@.(.0A% )$(($% ).?$+$% $% )$(($%

#.+'#+$%,#$"0.G$%)$(%&"B.$-0$%&$#%?.-"(.0A%")"00.G$;%

D'%+G.(6&&'%).%6-"%&#'+&$00.G"%&.Q%7('@"($%$)%.-0$7#"0"%).%

+"(60$*% 2"% "(("#7"0'% .(% ,'-0$+0'% ).% "&&(.,"B.'-$% "% ).G$#+$%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

16

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

"#$$%)$(("%K$).,.-"NC[%

^% -$(($! /(1+-+8%,! *,:$+-+8%;G,! ;$+*%;G,*% 60.(.BB"0"% .-%

/')'%@#$G$%$%+6&&'#0.G'*%0#'G"%"&&(.,"B.'-$%+."%.-%"/@.0'%

"/@6("0'#."($*% +."% ).% #.,'G$#'% '+&$)"(.$#'*% +'#0$-)'%

#.+6(0"0.%$??.,",.%-$(%+'+0$7-'H#$,6&$#'%)$((I.)$-0.0A%$%-$(("%

,6#"% )$(($% +.-)#'/.% )$&#$++.G$% +$,'-)"#.$% "((I.-+'#7$-B"%

)$(("%/"("00."%

^% .-% (5D%1+! +*;+-+8%;+% ("% &#'+&$00.G"% $+&#$++.G"% +.% 5%

)./'+0#"0"% &"#0.,'("#/$-0$% .-).,"0"% &$#% 7"#"-0.#$%

.-0$#G$-0.% ).% &#$G$-B.'-$% $% ).% ,6#"% #.G'(0.% ".% &"B.$-0.*% ".%

?"/.(."#.%$%"(('%+0"??%,6#"-0$%

P%&#',$++.%+',."(.% .-,.)'-'*%-$,$++"#."/$-0$*%+6.%&#',$++.%

).%,'+0#6B.'-$%$%).%)$,'+0#6B.'-$%)$(($%.)$-0.0A%.-).G.)6"(.%

$%,'(($00.G$*%-$(("%)$,(.-"B.'-$%)$(%@$-$++$#$%$%)$(%).+"7.';%

D"% &#')6B.'-$% $+0$0.,"% 2"% ,'-?$#/"0'% ("% +6"% G"($-B"% ).%

(.-76"77.'% 6-.G$#+"($% $% ("% E+.,'0$#"&."% F+&#$++.G"% +.% 5%

)./'+0#"0"% 6-I.-,.+.G"% /')"(.0A% ).% ".60'% .-% ;+*1,&1%!

%*1,$,1*%;%! ,! %*1,$;:-1:$(-%% .-% ,6.% +.% .-0#$,,."-'*% .-%/')'%

&#'@($/"0.,'*% ($% ).??.,'(0A% ,'-0.-7$-0.% )I.-+$#./$-0'%

+',."($*% .% 0#"6/.% ).% $+.(.'% $% ).% 76$##"% ,'-% G.++60.%

)$((9.//.7#"B.'-$%0#"+/$++.%)"%7$-$#"B.'-.%&#$,$)$-0.;%

P% (.-76"77.% )$(($% "#0.% &'++'-'% ",,'7(.$#$*% 0#"+?'#/"#$% $%

#$-)$#$% .-0$(($7.@.($% .(% /"7/"% $/'0.G'% '#.7.-"#.'% $%

.-,'-+"&$G'($;% F++.% +.% '??#'-'% ,'/$% +,2$#/'% +6% ,6.%

&#'.$00"#$%.-%/')'%.//$)."0'%.%&#'?.(.%)$(%/'-)'%.-0$#-'%

$% ,'/$% +&$,,2.'% ,2$% ?",.(.0"% 6-I.-0$#.'#.BB"B.'-$% &.Q%

,'-+"&$G'($% ).% ,'-0$-60.% /$-0"(.% &#./.0.G.% $)% .(% ('#'%

",,$++'%"(%&$-+.$#'%$)%"(%(.-76"77.';%

D$% E+.,'0$#"&.$% F+&#$++.G$% &$#% ("% /"77.'#$% G"($-B"%

&#./"#."% )$.% ,').,.% ,'/6-.,"0.G.% -'-% G$#@"(.% $% )$(%

&#',$++'% ,#$"0.G'% ,2$% &'++'-'% "00.G"#$*% +'-'% .-,'-0#.%

&"#0.,'("#/$-0$% #"GG.,.-"0.% ,'-% (IJ(0#'% ,2$% 5% .-% f'.% $%

&'-7'-'%+&$,.?.,.%&#'@($/.%).%<$'#."*%).%<$,-.,"%a(.-.,"%$%

).% ]'#/"B.'-$;!E$#% $++$#$% 8"00'#.% &'(.+$/.,.:% -$((I"0$(.$#%

)$(("% ,6#"*% 5% -$,$++"#.'% ,2$% 7(.% &+.,'0$#"&$60.% $+&#$++.G.%

"@@."-'N%%

^% 6-"% +&.,,"0"% +$-+.@.(.0A% &$#% .(% &#',$++'% ,#$"0.G'% $%

(9$/'B.'-$%$+0$0.,"j%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

17

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

^%%%%6-"%?'#/"B.'-$%6-.G$#+.0"#."%).%@"+$j%

^% 6-"% ?'#/"B.'-$% +&$,."(.+0.,"% &'+0% 6-.G$#+.0"#."%

?.-"(.BB"0"%"N%%

"`% ",V6.+.#$% $)% .-0$7#"#$% .-%/')'% ,'$#$-0$% ,'-0$-60.%

0$'#.,.%)$(("%&+.,'"-"(.+.*%)$(($%-$6#'+,.$-B$*%).% 0$'#."%

$%0$,-.,"%)$(($%"#0.j%%

@`%",V6.+.#$%,'/&$0$-B"%,(.-.,"%"00#"G$#+'%6-"%&#"0.,"%

,$#0.?.,"0"%$)%"#0.,'("0"%+$,'-)'%("%&#'+&$00.G"%0#.&'(">

#$% $)% 6-"% +6&$#G.+.'-$% #$"(.BB"0"% "((9.-0$#-'% ).% 6-%

7#6&&'%$+&$#.$-B."($%")%"(0"%G"($-B"%,#$"0.G"j%

^% 6-% &$#,'#+'% &+.,'0$#"&.,'% &$#+'-"($%

&+.,').-"/.,"/$-0$%'#.$-0"0';%%

J??.-"-)'% ("% ,"&",.0A% ).%)."('7"#$*% "% (.G$(('% .-0#"&+.,2.,'%

$)% .-0$#&$#+'-"($*% "-,2$% "00#"G$#+'% .(% +$7-'% 7#"?.,'% $% .(%

/'G./$-0'% ,'#&'#$'*% 8,$((6($% &#./'#)."(.:% ).% ,'/6-.,">

B.'-$*% % 5% &'++.@.($% +'+0$-$#$% $% ).??'-)$#$% 6-"% /"77.'#$%

,'-'+,$-B"% #.?($++.G"% )$(($% &'0$-B."(.0A% $% )$.% (./.0.% )$(("%

8&#'+"%6/"-":;

ft<F%%

%

4%n;%12"3$+&$"#$*%H(;D,1G*% .-% P);*%I:11,! -,!J/,$,*% 1"-+'-.*%].#$-B$%

4[eS;%

C%D;%J-,'-"*%K$,!&%5D+-%;+!,!&%5D+-%;+*% .-%D;%J-,'-"*%F;%!$%L'+"*%a;%

].+,2$00.*%"%,6#"%).*%7(!B,$8%*,!),-! -(11,*%a'+/'&'(.*%M'('7-"%4[[W%$%

Y;%K;%F)$(/"-*%0:--(!5(1,$%(!),--(!5,*1,*% 0#");% .0;%J)$(&2.*%K.("-'%

4[[O;%

O%1;%m;%D"-7$#*%<%-+&+C%(!%*!:*(!*:+B(!;G%(B,L!:*+!&1:)%+!&:-!&%5D+-%2

&5+!),--(!$(8%+*,E!),%!$%1%!,!),--M($1,*%0#");%.0;%J#/"-)'*%L'/"%4[Zc;!

S%J;%!.%M$-$)$00'*%K$%5(!),--(!/($+-(!-.(&;+-1+!/&%;+(*(-%1%;+!),-!*+*!

),11+!(11$(B,$&+!-,!C+$5,!),--.($1,E%]#"-,'%J-7$(.*%K.("-'%Ccce;%

W%1;%J#.$0.*%7(!&%*1,&%!5(8%;(*%P(%E$-+.$#'%1,.$-0.?.,'*%L'/"%4[dS%$%K;%

m($.-*%0;$%11%*%0#");%.0;%M'#.-72.$#.*%<'#.-'%4[dd;%

e%K;%m($.-%0;$%11%*%0#");%.0;%M'#.-72.$#.*%<'#.-'%4[dd;%

d%K;%K.(-$#*%7(!C+--%(!$%5+&&(!),--,!/,$&+*,!&(*,E%0#");%.0;%M'#("*%L'>

/"%4[Zd%$%K;%K.(-$#*%A%&,8*+!,!;$,(1%B%1F*!0#");% .0;%D"%f6'G"%P0"(."*%

].#$-B$%4[de;%

Z%n;%M.'-*%I$(&C+$5(=%+*%*%0#");%.0;%J#/"-)'*%L'/"%4[dO;%

[%!;%n;%n.--.,'00*%'%+;+!,!$,(-1F*%0#");%.0;%J#/"-)'*%L'/"%4[d4;%

4c%Y;%M$)'-.%$%M;%<'+"00.*%N$1,!,!/&%;G%(1$%(E%K"BB'00"*%K.("-'%Cccc;%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

18

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

44%Y;%M$-$)$00.*%0,8*+E!&%5D+-+E!-%*8:(88%+E%M'(("0.%M'#.-72.$#.*%<'#.>

-'%4[d4;%

4C%K;% f"6/@6#7*%A6*(5%;(--6! +$%,*1,)! ($1! 1G,$(/6L! #1&! K$%*;%/-,&!

(*)! K$(;1%;,E% Y#6-$% "-)% 10#"00'-*% f$q% r'#3% 4[eej! 1;% a2".3(.-*%7(!

)(*=(!1,$(/%(*%.-%1;%J#.$0.*%"%,6#"%).*%H(*:(-,!)%!K&%;G%(1$%(*%M'(("0.%

M'#.-72.$#.*%<'#.-'%4[e[%$%E;%E"(("#'*%H+B%5,*1+!N:1,*1%;+*%a'+/'>

&'(.+*%<'#.-'%CccO;%

4O%L;%D"@"-*%IG,!H(&1,$6!+C!H+B,5,*1*%K",)'-"()uFG"-+*%D'-)'-%

4[ecj%g;%m$+0$-@$#7*%OG%-)$,*!(*)!K($,*1&L!K&6;G+(*(-%1%;!01:)%,&!%*!

A,B,-+/5,*1E%g"+'-%J#'-+'-*%f$q%r'#3%4[dWj%K;%1;%n2.0$2'6+$*%g;%

J)($#%$%g;%a2')'#'q*%N:1G,*1%;!H+B,5,*1*%g;m;E;*%D'-)'-%4[[[%$%s;%

F2#$-Bq$.7*%IG,!P%)),*!J$),$!+C!N$1*%b-.G$#+.0\%'?%a"(.?'#-."%E#$++*%

D'+%J-7$($+%4[d4;%

4S%J;%L'@@.-+*%?Q/$,&&%B,!IG,$(/6*%s6/"-%1,.$-,$+%E#$++*%f$q%r'#3%

4[Ze%$%P);*%N!H:-1%5+)(-!N//$+(;G!I+!O$,(1%B,!N$1!IG,$(/6E%g;m;E*%

D'-)'-*%4[[S;%

4W%g;%m$+0$-@$#7%J/.72.*%1;%D'/"-*%E;%D$q.+*%m;%K;%1'++.-*%IG,!H,(*2

%*8!+C!H+B,5,*1*%Y'#)'-%"-)%M#$",2*%f$q%r'#3%4[[[;%

4e%g;%a2')'#'q*%A(*=(!I,$(/%(!,!/&%;+-+8%(!),-!/$+C+*)+E!-.:&+!/&%;+2

1,$(/,:1%;+!),-!5+B%5,*1+*%0#");%.0;%L$)*%a'/'%4[[Z%$%f;%1,2q"#0B>

1"("-0%$%K;%10$.-*!#-!;+$/+!%*!(*(-%&%*%0#");%.0;%K"7.*%L'/"%CccS;%

4d%g;%J)($#*%#-!;+$/+!;+&;%,*1,*%0#");%.0;%J+0#'("@.'*%L'/"%Ccce;%

4Z%K;%K"2($#*%];%E.-$%$%J;%M$#7/"-*%7(!*(&;%1(!/&%;+-+8%;(!),-!D(52

D%*+*%0#");% .0;%M'(("0.%M'#.-72.$#.*%<'#.-'%4[dZj%J;%J(G"#$B*%P-!;+5/(2

8*+!B%B+*%0#");%.0;%J+0#'("@.'*%L'/"%4[[O%$%!;%10$#-*%#-!5+*)+!%*1,$2

/,$&+*(-,!),-!D(5D%*+*%0#");%.0;%M'(("0.%M'#.-72.$#.*%<'#.-'%4[Zd;%

4[% J;% !.% M$-$)$00'*% K$%5(! ),--(! /($+-(! -.(&;+-1+! /&%;+(*(-%1%;+! ),-!

*+*!),11+!(11$(B,$&+!-,!C+$5,!),--.($1,*%]#"-,'%J-7$(.*%K.("-'%Ccccj%

!;%K$(0B$#*%7(!;+5/$,*&%+*,!),--(!D,--,==(*%0#");%.0;%D'$+,2$#*%<'#.-'%

4[Z4j%a;%M'(("+*%7.+5D$(!),--.+88,11+*% 0#");% .0;%M'#("*%L'/"%4[Z[j%<;%

t7)$-*%#-!-%5%1,!/$%5%8,*%+!),--.,&/,$%,*=(*%0#");%.0;%J+0#'("@.'*%L'/"%

4[[C% $% g;%a2"++$76$0>1/.#7$(*%K,$!:*(!/&%;+(*(-%&%! ),--.($1,! ,!),--(!

;$,(1%B%1FE%0#");%.0;%L"??"$(('%a'#0.-"*%K.("-'%4[Z[;%%

Cc%E;%F;%L.,,.%M.00.*%3,8+-(=%+*,!),--,!,5+=%+*%!,!($1%!1,$(/%,*%a"##',>

,.*%L'/"%4[[Z;%

C4%K;%!$(("%a"7-'($00"*%K;%M$(?.'#$%$%L;K;%Y'G'-.*%7(!&;:+-(E!+$%8%*,!

,!/,$;+$&%*%8T6")$#-.%J<P:%_"%,6#"%).%K;%M$(?.'#$%$%D;%K;%a'((.`*%-;%4*%

4[[d;!

CC%L;%K;%Y'G'-.%IG,!R+)6!(&!IG,(1$,!+C!K(&&%+*&!(*)!O+*C-%;1&L!NC2

C,;1&! ?5+1%+*&! (*)!A,C,*;,&*% iM')\*%K'G$/$-0% "-)%!"-,$% .-% E+\>

,2'02$#"&\i*% G'(;% C*% -;% C*% Cccd% $% K;% M$(?.'#$*% D;% K;% a'((.*%

A(--.?&/$%5,$,!(-!O+5:*%;($,*%8T6")$#-.%J<P:*%-;%C*%4[[Z;%

CO%L;%M',,"('-*%A(--MN8%$,!(-!K,*&($,L!,&/,$%,*=,!;$,(1%B,!,!/,$;+$&%!!

/&%;+1,$(/,:1%;%*% 8J#><5*% T6")$#-.% P0"(."-.% )$(($% J#0.0$#"&.$:*% -;% C*%

L'@$#0'%M',,"('-% DI"#0$%)$(("%,6#"%$%("%,6#"%)$((I"#0$%

%%!"#$%!%!"#$&!$%#"'&%!&!()*+,-./!+/!'0/12"-3!4!.5!6!!6786!

19

!&9:;!4!<=>?>>?<7@66A?8?B%

).,$/@#$%Cccd%$%K;%E$,.,,."%$%Y;%M$-$)$00.*%7.%55(8%*,!*,--(!/&%;+2

1,$(/%(!/&%;+(*(-%1%;(!),--,!/&%;+&%*%.-%J;%K"(.,'-.,'%$%K;%E$,.,,."*%"%

,6#"%).*%N-!)%!-F!),--,!/($+-(E!B%,!*:+B,!/,$!-(!1,$(/%(!(*(-%1%;(!),--,!

/&%;+&%*%K"7.*%L'/"%Ccce;%

CS% E;% D6BB"0'*%N$1,! I,$(/%(L! :*(!8:%)(! (-! -(B+$+! &%5D+-%;+! /,$! -M,2

&/$,&&%+*,! ,! -M,-(D+$(=%+*,! ),-! 5+*)+! %*1,$*+*% a.00")$(("*% E$#67."%

Ccc[;%

CW%X;%Y"(($+$*%K;%f;%F"7($*%E;%K.7'-$*%#*1,*1%+*(-!(11:*,5,*1L!5%$$+$!

*,:$+*&! (*)! 1G,! *,:$(-! :*),$/%**%*8&! +C! %*1,$/,$&+*(-! $,-(1%+*&*%

8g'6#-"(%'?%02$%J/$#.,"-%E+\,2'"-"(\0.,%J++',."0.'-:*%-;%WW*%Cccdj%f;%

s"++>a'2$-*%L;% a"##*%N$1! IG,$(/6!(*)!O-%*%;(-!9,:$+&;%,*;,E% gmE*%

D'-)'-%CccZ%$%J;%1,2'#$*%7(!$,8+-(=%+*,!),8-%!(CC,11%!,!-(!$,8+-(=%+2

*,!),-!04E%0#");%.0;%J+0#'("@.'*%L'/"%CccZ;%

Ce%n;%M.'-*%?&/,$%,*=(!*,%!7#6&&.*%0#");%.0;%J#/"-)'*%L'/"%4[Zc;%

Cd%J;X;D;% 1,2$#/$#*%K;%E.-$+*% #-! ;,$;G%+!)%! C:+;+"!NCC,11%! /$%5%1%B%! ,!

$,-(=%+*%!+88,11:(-%!*,--(!/&%;+1,$(/%(!)%!8$://+*%L"??"$(('%a'#0.-"*%

K.("-'%4[[Z;%

CZ%!;%n"(($#*%'$+:/! %*1,$(;1%B,!($1! 1G,$(/6L! %1&!:&,! %*! 1$(%*%*8!(*)!

1$,(15,*1*%L'60($)7$*%D'-)'-%4[[O;%

C[% m"% K"(,2.').*%H,)%;(-! ($1! 1G,$(/6L! ;+*1$%D:1%+*&! 1+! 1G,! C%,-)! +C!

($1&!5,)%;%*,*%8g'6#-"(%'?%J#0+%K$).,.-$:*%G'(;%C*%-;%C*%4[[O;%

%

%

%