BO GIAO THONG VAN TAI CUC HANG KHONG VIET NAM S ...

BO GIAO THONG VAN TAI CUC HANG KHONG VIET NAM

S h2 4 /QD-CHK

CONG 116A XA 1191 CHU NGHIA VIET NAM Diic lap - Tty do - Hanh phtic

Her Nqi, ngety 0-A2 thang 04 neim 2015

QUYET DINH Ve viec ban hanh So tay ma 10t khi tuvng hang khong

0g

CUC TRIXONG CUC HANG KHONG VIET NAM

- Can cd Quyet dinh so 94/2009/QD-TTg ngay 16/7/2009 cua Thuttrong Chinh plait ye yiee Quy dinh chirc nang, nhiem vu, quyen han va co cau to claire cua Cue Hang khong Viet Nam;

- Xet de nghi cua cac co quan, don vi va Ong Trtiong phOng Quart 1)2 hOat dOng bay,

QUYET DINH:

-Dieu 1. Ban hanh So tay ma brat khi Wong hang khong (Tai lieu kern theo)

Dieu 2. SO tay ma luat khi tuong hang khOng nay se dtroc sira doi, bO sung, cap nhat nOi dung rno.i khi can thiet

Dieu 3. Quyet dint) nay c6 hieu lye ke to ngdyk)rT

Dieu 4. TOng giam dOc Tong cong ty Quan 1)"( bay Viet Nam, TOng cong ty Cang hang khOng Viet Nam, TOng cong ty HKVN, Cty CPHK Jetstar Pacific, Cty CPHK Vietjet, Truong Phong Quail l)2 hoat Ong bay, Thit truing cac co quan, dun vi lien quan chiu trach nhiem thi hanh Quyet dinh

KT. CUC TRUItiNG PHO CUC TRU'ONG

Noi nhtin: - Nhts Di&I 3; - Cue twang (d6 b/cno); - ()LC; - TCATB; - TTHK; - Lau VT, QLHDB (I 1 Do Quang Viet

BO GIAO THONG VAN TAI

CUC HANG KHONG VIET NAM

SO TAY

MA LUAT KHI TONG HANG KHONG (Ban hanh kem theo Quyet dinh so: 681/QD-CIIK ngay 08 thong 04 nor 2015

encl. Czic triethig Clic Hang khong Viet Nam)

Ha NC)i, thong 04 nom 2015

So tay ma lu'tjt khi twang hang khong 2015

MUC LUC

LOI NOI DAU So trang Chuang 1: MA LUAT METAR/SPECI 4 1.1. Nhom nhan dang 1.2. Nhom gio be mat 1.3. Nh6m tam nhin ngang 1.4. Nhom tam nhin cluOng CHC 1.5. Nhom hien Wong thOi tiet hien tai 1.6. Nhom may hoac tam nhin thang dirng 1.7. Nhom nhiet c16 kh6ng khi va nhiet c16 diem suang 1.8. Nh6m khi ap quy ye muc bien trung binh (QNH) 1.9. Nhom thong bac, phu 1.10. Nh6m RMK Chuang 2: BAN TIN TH6I TIET THCONG LE MINH NGU' CHI7 TAT (MET REPORT) VA BAN TIN DAC BIET MINH NGU' CHff TAT (SPECICAL) 2.1. Loai bao cao 19 2.2. Dia danh san bay 2.3. Ngdy,thed gian 2.4. Hung va toe c16 gio 2.5. Tam nhin ngang 2.6. Tam nhin duarng cat ha canh 2.7. Hien tuong thoi tiet th?c trang 2.8. May 2.9. Nhiet (16 khOng khi ya nhiet c16 diem strong 2.10. Tri so khi ap 2.11. Thong bao phu Chuang 3: BAN TIN DU' BAO HA CANH - TREND 20 3.1. Nhom thuat ngir bien doi 3.2. Nhom gio be mat 3.3. Nhom tam nhin ngang 3.4. Nhom hien Wong thOi tiet 3.5. Nhom may hoac tam nhin thang dirng Chuang 4: BAN TIN DU' BAO THOI TIET SAN BAY-TAF, TAF AMD 29 4.1. Nhom danh dinh 4.2. Nh6m gio be mat 4.3. Nhom tam nhin ngang

Aeronautical Meteorological Codes Page 1

So lay Ina lua't khi Wong hang khong 2015

4.4. Nhom hien tucmg thbi ti6t 4.5. Nhorn may (ho4c Tarn nhin thing dung) 4.6. Nhorn du doan nhfing clOt Nen 4.7. NhOm thuat nga dOt bien 4.8. Dv bao TAF 1)6 sung (TAF AMD) Chuang 5: THONG BAO SIGMET, AIRMET, CANH BAO TH6I TILT SAN BAY VA CANH BAO HIEN TU'UNG GiO DUI' TANG THAP 5.1. Khai quit chung 5.2. ThOng bao SIGMET 5.3. Thong bac, AIRMET 5.4. CaMh boo died tiet san bay 5.5. Canh bao hien Wong gio dirt tang thap

35

Phy lye 1: Bang dai do cac y6u to khi tuong 64 Phu luc 2: Bang yeu cau dO chinh xac (Irian trac cac yeti to khi Wong 67 Phy Ivc 3:Bang yeu cau dO chinh xac du bao, canh bao yeti to, hien Wong tha(i ti6t 68


So tay ma lucjt khi tuvrng hang khong 2015

WI NOI DAU

Cu6n sO tay nay là cam nang bao gom cac ma luat khi tugng hang khong (METAR, SPECI, MET REPORT/SPECIAL REPORT, TREND, TAF, TAF AMD, SIGMET,, AIRMET, Canh bao theri tilt san bay va canh bao hien Wong gio dirt tang thap). Cu& so tay nay danh cho nhieur doi Wong Su' dung de hoa, giai cac din van quan trac, du bao va canh bac. thei tilt hang khong nhu quan trac vien, du bao vien khi,tuong, phi cong, nhan vien diet' khai tilde bay, kiem soat vien khong luu nhang doi tuong sir dung khac trong nganh hang kh6ng.

Cu6n so tay nay se moi ngueri tra 16i mot ,sO cau hoi co. ban khi giai ma cac ban tin quan trac, du bao, canh bao hien Wong tiled tilt nguy hiem nhu:

- Nhiing thong tin gi can thiet dua vao ban tin; - Trinh to sap xep cac nhom ma luat ra sao;

- Ma h6a, giai ma cac thong tin lien quan nhu the nao. Chi tilt nhang ma luat khi Wong 0 cap trong cuon s3 tay nay duoc trich dan tit cuon

thu ma luat khi Wong do to chirc Khi Wong the gi6ri (WMO- 306 Tap 1.1) phat hanh nam 2013. BO cue cuon s6 tay ma luat khi Wong hang khOng bao gom 05 chuang va 03 Phu lye kem theo, cu the:

Chuang I: MO to cac nh6m ma luat quan trac khi Wong thueng le METAR, dac biet (SPECI) phat ra ngodi san bay.

Chuang II: MO to cac nh6m ban tin thuerng le (MET REPORT), dac biet (SPECIAL

REPORT) clang minh tat phat trong not bo san bay.

Chuang III: MO to cac nham ma luat ban tin dux bao tiled tilt phuc vu tau bay ha canh (TREND).

Chuang IV: MO to ban tin du bao theri tilt san bay (TAF), dux bao bo sung TAF AMD.

Chuang V: MO to thong bao SIGMET, AIRMET, canh bac' theri tilt san bay, canh bao hien Wong gio dirt tang thap.

Phu luc 1: Bang dai do cac yeu to khi tuong Phu luc 2: Bang yeu cau do chinh xac do dac, quan trac khi tuong Phu luc 3: Bang yeu eau d6 chinh xac du bdo, canh bao tiled tilt.

Viec bien soan cuon so tay nay at han khOng the tranh khei nhang sai sot, chi:mg tai rat mong nhang ngueri sir dung cam sO tay nay (Tong gap xay dung de cuon tai litt nay ngay cang hoan chinh va hiru ich hon.

Tran thanh cam an cac thanh vien TO chuyen mon khi tuong theo Quyet dinh sO 320/QD-CHK ngdy 03/02/2015 dm Cue truOng Cue hang khong Viet Nam.


So tay Ind 110 khi tirong hang khong 2015

Chuang 1: MA. [VAT METAR/SPECI

MAU MA LUAT

METAR hoac

SPECI

dddffGfi,f,„

(COR) CCCC YYGGggZ (NIL) (AUTO)

{- KT ho;dc dnci„d,,Vd,d,d, MPS

VVVV hoac V NV N VN VN Dv

CAVOK

RDRDR/VRVRVINRi

w'w' NsN,Nshshslis ho4c VVhshshs ho4c NSC hoac NCD

T'T'/T'dT 'd QPI IP! IP] 'Pi

WS RDRDR REw'w' ho4c

WS ALL RWY

(WTsTs/SS ) h o WTsTs/HI-Isl-IsHs (RDRDR/ERCReRe

RB RB R)

N,N,Nshshshs TTTTT KT VVVV W' ho4c

W' ho4c TTGGgg dddffGGG ho4c flo4c ho4 VVhshshs NOSIG MPS CAVOK NS ho4c

W NSC

(RMK...)

1.1. Nhom nh4n clang:

MAIT ma luat:

METAR hoac (COR) CCCC YYGGggZ (NIL) (AUTO)

SPECI


So tay ma luCit khi wow hang khong 2015

Nhom nay c6 ba phan: - Ten Mc, cao (METAR hoac SPECI). (COR: ban tin sital6i); - CCCC: K}'T hieu dia dank bOn chit ICAO ciia san bay (trong d6 chit C dau chi vimg;

chit C thir 2 chi quOc gia, hai chit CC chi San bay; VD: VVNB (san bay cluck to NOi Bai, Viet Nam thuOc vimg V )

- YYGGggZ:Theyi gian hieu luc dm ban tin quan trac theo gig quOc to (UTC) gOm ngdy cua thang, phUt va lien theo la chit Z; Vi du: 200530Z (ngay 20 Inc 0530 gio UTC (12h30' gio Viet Nam)

Ghi chit: 1<y) hieu chic tat NIL duqc clua vao khi ban tin bi thieu (chtea/khong co trong tap tin phat tie ngan hang OPMET) va chi ap clung doi vai ban tin METAR: ca. tat AUTO cluvc dim vao khi bao cao la quan trac tic clOng hoan toan bang thiet bi.

1.2. Nham gi6 be mat:

MAu ma lust

KT dddffGfi,f,, hoac d,,d,,d„Vd,d,d,

MPS

- Thong thugng nhom nay se gem nem so de chi hugng va toe dO trung binh trong 10 phut va lien sau d6 la chit tat chi don vi do toe dO gio. VD: 05003KT; (huong gio 50 do tOc dO 3KT);

- Neu trong 10 phut ngay trugc l(ST quan trac, hung gio bien doi > 60° nhung nho ho n 180° va tOc do gi6 trung binh lon han hoac bang (3KT, 1,5MPS), hai hugng gi6 cgc tri se dugc chi ra theo thir tit ding chieu kim &mg ho voi chit V xen gitra hai hung gio. VD: 05003KT 020V110;

- Neu trong 10 phiit ngay triton kST quan trac, toc do gi6 etre dai Nen doi so vied tOc do gio trung binh (10KT, 5MPS) thi gio gist se dugc bao cao bang chit G (Gust) sau toe do trung binh, sau do la toe de) gio gist. VD: 05010G22KT; (hugng gio 50 dO tOc dO 10KT gist 22KT)

- Hugng gi6 dugc ma h6a la VRB chi khi:

+ TOc do gio 3KT>VV> 1KT; VD: VRBO2KT + Hiremg gi6 Nen thien >180° fee do gi6 VV> 3KT; VD: VRBO5KT

Khi toe dO gio <1KT(0.5m/s) dugc ma h6a la 00000 va tiep theo la chit tat don vi do gi6. VD: 00000KT;

- Khi tOc dO gio > 50m/s (100KT) dugc ma boa la P49mps (P99KT).


So tay ma 11,0; khi ttrvng hang khong 2015

1.3. NhOm tam nhin ngang:

Mdu ma luat :

VVVV VNV NVNVNDv

Trong ban tin METAR/SPECI gia tri tam nhin ngang ld tam nhin thinh hanh yd. dugcbao cao bang nhom 4 chit so va don vi do bang met. VD: 4000 (4000m); 0800 (800m);

- Khi tam nhin 10Km dugc bao Id "9999" neu thudt ngir "CAVOK" khong pha hop.

- Khi tam nhin 6 cac huang khac nhau va khi tam nhin nho nhat khac tam nhin thinh hanh va

+ NhO han 1500m hoac

+ Nho hon 50% tam nhin thinh hdrih va nhe hon 5000m thi bao them nh6m tam nhin thap nhat (VNVNVNVNDv) kern theo huang (met trong tarn huang cua la ban chi huang) sau nhom tam nhin thinh hanh:

Vi du: Tdm nhin thinh hanh 2000m tam nhin thap nhat 1200m & huang Tay Bac dugc ma h6a nhu sau: 2000 l 200NW;

Tam nhin thinh With 7000m tarn nhin thap nhat 3000m & huong Dong dugc ma h6a nhu sau: 7000 3000E.

Cita Neu tam nhin thap nhat quan trac cluvc 6. nhieu hu.ang thi hu.6.ng quan trong nhat cho hoat ciOng khai that, bay se throe bao cao va neu tam nhin thay cloi nhanh ma khong _vac clink throe loin nhin thinh hanh thi bao tam nhin thap nhat khong can chi ra theo hu.o.ng.

Trong ban tin METAR/SPECI tam nhin <800m dugc bao cao each nhau 50m. Khi tam nhin 800m nhung <5Km dugc bao cao each nhau 100m. Khi tam nhin 5 km nhung <10km dugc bao cao each nhau 1 km.

- Moi gia tri quan trac deu dugc lam trail xuong cap gia tri nhO horn gan nhat.

1.4. Nham tam nhin duang CHC:

Mdu ma luat:

RDRDR/VRVRVRVRi hoac

RDRDR/VRVRVR VRVVRVRVRVRi Nhimg Nen doi ye RVR dupe thong bao ngay cho cac don vi cung cap dich vu

khong luu. SO lieu do dugc hien thi tree cac thiet bi dau cuOi d Tram Quan trac, APP, TWR, ARO (Air traffic Reporting Office - Pheng tha tuc bay), ca quan khi tugng san bay.


So tay ma luejt khi tuveng hang khong 2015

SO lieu RVR ma h6a trong ban tin METAR/SPECI dugc truyen tren mang AFTN den cac dia chi quy dinh trong nude va quOc te.

Bao cao ye RVR dugc the hien sau nhom tam nhin ngang trong ban tin METAR/SPECI va ke ca trong ban tin Local Report. RVR dugc bao cao khi tam nhin ngang hoac RVR nh6 han 2000m. 50m la giai han dui va 2000m la giai han tren cua dai do RVR. Khi tam nhin ngang hoac RVR nh6 han hoac bang 50m thi gia tri RVR dugc bao cao là M050, Khi tam nhin ngang hoac RVR lan han hoac bang 2000m thi gia tri RVR dugc bao cao là P2000. Dan vi bao cao RVR la met. Ban tin METAR/SPECI chi bao cao RVR dai dien cho vUng cham banh theo dang: R11R 0550. Thang do bao cao RVR la 25m d6i voi cac gia tri RVR nh6 han 400m, la 50m d6i vai gia tri RVR khoang gifia 400m va 800m, la 100m dOi vOi cac gia tri RVR 16n han 800m. Bat kST gia tri quan trac RVR nao khong Ong vii thang bao cao tren se dugc lam trot' xuOng tai gia tri nh6 han gan nhat.

Gia tri RVR dugc cap nhat cur m6i 60 giay de xac dinh nhang gia tri hien thai hoac cac gia tri dai dien. Thai gian tinh trung binh cho cac gia tri RVR la 10 phdt doi voi ban tin METAR/SPECI, la 1 philt cho cac ban tin Local routine WI. Special report va thuat ngix RVR teen cac thiet bi dau cuoi.

Trong ban tin METAR/SPECI, neu trong 10 phUt truac gia quan trac xuat hien sit gian doan cua gia tri RVR thi chi nhimg gia tri do dugc sau thai diem gian doan do dugc tinh trung binh va dua vao bao cao. Neu gia tri RVR trung binh 5 phut truck chenh so vai gia tri RVR trung binh 5 phut sau la 100m hoac han thi sr dao Ong RVR dugc bao cao bang tir "U"(Upward) hoac "D"(Downward) chi cac gia tri RVR c6 xu huang tang len hoac giam xuang. Truang hop trong 10 phut truac gia quan -Ude RVR khong c6 sit bien dOi theo khuynh huang nao ro ret thi RVR se dugc bao cao bang tir "N" (No tendency ).

, Neu gia tri trung binh 1 phUt trong thai gian 10 phut truac gia quan trac c6 dao deng bien doi 16n han 50m hoac 16n han 20% so vai gid tri trung binh 10 phut, truang hap nay, thay vi bao cao gia tri trung binh 10 phut thi bao cao gia tri trung binh 1 phUt nh6 nhat va gia tri trung binh 1 phdt 16n nhat. VD: R1IR/0350V0600.

1.5. Nhom hien Wang thai tiet hien tai:

Mau ma luat w'w'

-

Hien Wang thai tiet thirc trang dugc bao cao dang thuat ngir ve loai, dac trung va dac tinh, cueing do hoac \Jung Fan can cua san bay;

-

Loai hien tugng thai tiet thirc trang dugc bdo cao chit tat Wang Ung va chi tieu bao cao dac biet dugc dua ra trong bang sau:


So tay ma lucjt khi tupvg hang khong 2015

LOAI HIEN TUVNG

CHU. TAT* GM CHI'1

+ Giong thity + Mua phfin DZ + Mua RA + Tuyet SN + Tuyet hat SG + Vien bang PL + Hat hang IC MI° cao khi VIS 5000m + Mua cid GR Bao cao khi duemg kinh len nhat

hat mua da.__ 5mm + Mua 6 nho hoac tuyet vien

GS Bac) cao khi dueng kinh len nhdt hat mua da < 5mm

+ Sy- lam ma' Cl, thity hi'M

+ Suong ma FG Bdo cao khi VIS < 1000M tit. khi dinh tinh la "MI", "BC" "PR" hoac

ttro.ng + Mn BR "VC" Bao cao khi tam nhin nho Ilan 5000m

+ Cat SA va 1000m. +Bui(dien DU reng). HZ Dugc sir dung khi hien tuqng lam

+ Su' lam mo. + Mit kho FU rii& tei gem su troi cfia cdc hat ran tai do thach hiO7 tuvng

+ Khoi + Bui nfii lfi.a.

VA

PO

nho li ti va tam nhin < 5000m trir "SA" khi co dinh tinh la "DR" va tro bui nfii lira.

+ Hi:0 ttrowg

+ Bui cat phat trien re ret, cuen

SQ FC

khoc + To DS + May voi reng SS + Bdo bui

+ Bao cat

* Diroc sir dung ca trong hal loal bozo cao cOng ininh nga. va trong ma hicjt METAR / SPECI.

- Nhang dac trong dm hien twang thai tiet can thiL dugc bdo cao va nhang chu' tat tuung irng dirge dua ra trong bang sau:


So tay ma ittc)t khi tug/1g hang khong 2015

DAC TiNH CHU' TAT*

GFII CHU

Deng TS Dugc sir dung de bao cao (long kern mua "TSRA", tuyet "TSSN" mua bui tinh the "TSPE" mua da. "TSGR" hoac mua da nho valhoac vet tuyet hoac hon hop, vi du "TSRASN". Khi nghe (long trong theri kY 10 philt trugc giO quan trac nhung khOng co giang thily quan trac dugc r san bay, chit tat "TS" nen sir dung khong chi Hi dinh tinh.

Dugc sir dung de bao cao mua rao "SHRA" tuyet Mua rao SH rao "SHSN" mua bui tinh the "SHPL" mua da

"SHGR" mua 6 nho va/hoac vet tuyet "SHGS", mua khOng Hi to ti "SHUP" (chi dimg cho he thong ttr dOng) hoac hen hgp, vi du: "SHRASN". Trong ban tin METAR mua rao quan trac dugc o. khu vu.c lan can san bay nen dugc bao cao "VCSH" khong chi rO dinh tinh lien quan den loci hoac cuOng dO

Mua (long ket FZ giang thity.

NhiTing hat nage da dirge (long bang hoac giang they, chi diing voi FG, DZ, RA va UP (chi ding

Boc len cao BL cho he thong to dOng).

Sir dung de bao cao DU, SA hoac SN bOc len do Tung len 6' gig den do" cao 2m (7FT) so vai mat dat. niti.c thap DR

Dtrgc sir dung vgi SA, DU hoac SN dugc tung len Mang MI do gig den dO cao nho hon 2m (7FT) so veri mat Ph an kin BC dat. Phan PR

Nho hon 2m (7FT) so vgi mat dat. Strang mil tirng dam hoac bao phii tirng phan san bay. Chi ding voi FG, khi pha mot phan san bay, phan can lai quang clang.


So lay ma lucit khi toeing hang khong 2015

* Dupv sit' dung ca trong hal loci bao cao clang tninh ngit• va trong Ina lu'at METAR / SPECI.

- Cuing do cang nhu tinh lan can khu Nitre san bay dm cac hien tuang thai tiet thuc trang khi bao cao duac ma hoa thco bang sau:

CUONG DO / TiNH LAN CAN MINH NGU'

CHU' TAT METAR

Nhe FBL - Vim MOD (khangkr Manh HVY hieu)

Chi dtroc sir dung yoi: DZ, FC, GR, GS, PL, + RA, SG, SN va UP (chi dimg cho he Mang to dang) (Trong nhfing trtrang hop nay cuang do hien tuang thich irng vii giang thity) ; BLSN ; BLSA ; BLDU; DS ; SS ; FC. Khong dimg Khu vyr lan can. VC Vitng gitra 8-16km tinh tir diem quy chieu san bay ya chi dugc sir dung cho bdn tin METAR yai DS, SS, FG, FC, SF', PO, BLDU, BLSA, BLSN, IS va VA khi khang sir dung djc tinh cua hien tuong thai tiet hien tat.

- Nhirng quy Cdc chung ve phat brio nhom W'W' nhu. sau: + Mat hojc hon, tai da la ba thujt ngit chit tat cho hien tuong thai tiet duac sir dung de

phdt bao neu thay can thiet; + Bdo cao trixac tien 1(3% hieu ye cuang do vii tinh chat lan can dia hien tuong thai tiet

khi thich hop. Sau do Id djc tinh va loai hien Mang khi thai tiet clang "+ TSRA" hojc "VCFG";

+ Khi hai loaf hien tuong thai tiet khdc nhau ding dugc quan trite thdy, chimg se duvc bdo cat) thanh hai nhom dac 1'0 theo clang "+DZ FG" hoc "DZ VCFG" vai 1(3'7 hieu ye cueing da hojc tinh lan can Mang thich v6i tong hien tuang thai tiet;

+ Khi Cac loci giang thity khac nhau ding xdy ra tai thai diem quan -Ude thi chimg se duvc bdo cao thanh mat nhom yoi cac hien tuvng viet lien nhau yai loaf giang thug chiem uu the se &roc bao cao truck va cuang da dirge xac dinh la cuang do cita tat ca cac loci giang thity nhu: "+TSRASN" hoc "-SNRA FG";

+ Cuang do chi &roc bdo cao yai giang thity (ngodi ra con c6 mat so hien ttrong khdc: bui bac len a mirc cao; bui cuan 'lode cat wen).


S a tay ma luat khi tup.ng hang khong 2015

1.6. Nhom may hoc tam nhin th'ang dimg:

Mau ma lua:t:

N,N,Nshshsh, hodc VVhshsh, hodc NSC hodc NCD

- NsN,Nshshsh, Nhom may bao gom 6 k)% ttr dui hoan canh binh thtrong. + Ba k)"/ ter dau chi luting may vai:

TU. 1/8 den 2/8 dugc bao ld FEW (it may, mot vai); Tir 3/8 den 4/8 dugc bao Id SCT (it may phan tan rai rac); 'Ex 5/8 den 7/8 dugc bao ld BKN (nhieu may xen ke nhirng to hong); 8/8 dugc bao Id OVC (day may).

Ba k.)% tir sau chi d6 cao chan may vai cap 30m (100ft) cho may cao den 3000m (10000ft) va bat dr dO cao chan may ndo khac vefi cac cap dO nay ding dugc lam troll ye gia tri thap gan nhat.VD: 100FT ma hoa la 001, 200FT ma hoa ld 002... 10000FT ma hoa Id 100.

- Nhang loci may khac v&i nhang may d6i km nguy hiem thi khong can xac dinh. May dugc bao cao loci ld may vu tich (CB) ya may tich phat trien manh theo chieu thang dirrig Cucon (TCU-Towering CUmulus).

- Nhom may c6 the dugc ldp lai bao cao cac lop hoc kh'ai may khac nhau niumg so nh6m khOng qua 3 (trir trtreng hop c6 may CB hoc TCU) va theo nhang nguyen tdc 1-3-5 sau:

+ Lop hoc kh6i may rieng biet d thap nhat vai bat IcS/ van krong lido; + Lop may rieng biet ke tiep voi van luting >2/8; + Lop may cao han \Teri van luting >4/8; + Bao them nhom cho May vu tich (CB) va/hodc la may hinh thap (TCU) khi

quan frac dugc neu chimg chua dugc bao cao trong cac nh6m may teen.

- Khi do cao chan may >1500m (5000FT) khong c6 may nguy hiem va thuat nat CAVOK khong thich hap thi nhom may (lucre bao IA NSC (Nil Significant Cloud). (May nguy hiem: la may có ,c1O cao lop may thap du.61 1500111(5000ft) hoc thap han (IC) cao yang bay cho. tot thieu, hoac may CB hoc TCU vat bat kj) .10 cao nao).


So toy ma luat khi tuovg hang khong 2015

- Khi quan trac dugc may CB va TCU co ding do cao chan may thi loci may dugc bao cao gap Chung Id CB va lugng may thi dugc ma boa Id tang luvng cna may CB va TCU c6 ding de cao do.

Vi du: Quan trac dugc:

1/8 may Cu fra 0 de cao 1300FT

1/8 may CB 6' de cao 1700FT

2/8 may Sc de cao 7000FT

5/8 may As 0 do cao 10000FT

May c6 the dugc bag cao la:

FEW013 FEW017CB BKN100 (may Sc khong dugc bao cao trong truang hop nay)

Cac nhom may dugc bao cao theo trinh to tang dan do cao chan may to thap len cao.

- NSC: Khi de cao chan may >1500m (5000FT) khong c6 may nguy hiem va thuat nga CAVOK khong thich hgp thi nhom may dugc bao la NSC (Nil Significant Cloud). (May nguy hiem: la may có do cao lop may thap dual 1500m (5000ft) hoc thcip hon d5 cao vong bay ch& tot thieu, hok may CB hok TCU vol bat kY do cao nao

- VVhshshs: Khi bau troi mit mit khong có MIA nang xac dinh chi tiet ve may nhung,c6 the xac dinh dugc tarn nhin,thang dung thi nhom may dugc thay the bang nh6m tam nhin thang dung. Bat dau bang VV, tiep theo là gia tri tam nhin thang each nhau cac cap 30m (100ft). Khi bau troi mil mit nhung khong the xac dinh dugc tam nhin thang dirng thi nhom nay se dugc bao la VV///.

* Ghi chi"! : Thuat nga "CAVOK" dugc sir dung khi cac dieu kien tam nhin, hien Wong th0i tiet xay ra dang th0i:

+ Tam nhin: > 10 KM. + May: Khang co may thap hon 1500M (5000FT) hoac thap hon de cao vong ch0

t6i thieu c6 tri so cao nhat va + KhOng c6 may nguy hiem (CB, TCu); + Khong di hien ttrgng thOi tiet.

1.7. Nhom nhiet de khong khi va nhiet de diem strong:

ML ma luat:

Tr/T,IT'd

Dugc bao cao bang de C vai gia tri quan trac <0.5 dugc lam trail xueng de nguyen gan nha >0.5 dugc lam troll den de nguyen 16n hurl, vi du +2.5°C dugc lam troll len 3°C va -2.6°C duo(


So tay ma luat khi ttro'ng hang khong 2015

lam tr6n la -3°C. Nh6m nhiet dO khong khi va nhiet dO diem strung dugc bao cao bang 02 chit sc va each nhau bang dau "I" vi du 09/05. Vai nhiet do am hoac nhiet dO diem strong am thi trugc gia tri dat chir M (minus). Vi du: 04/M02 (t=4°C, td = -2°C).

1.8. Nhom khi ap quy ve nage bien trung binh (QNH):

Mau ma luat:

Nhom nay bao cao gia tri khi ap quy ye muc bier' va dugc lam trail xueng so nguyen gan nhat dart vi do la hPa (vi du: khi ap do dugc 1002,8Hpa dugc lam trent la 1002). Nhom bat dau ban chit Q va tiep theo la bgn chit' so vi du: Q1002. C mot so nu& sir dung don vi do khi ap QNH li Inch thity ngan, trong trugng hgp nay chit. Q dugc thay bang cha A.

1.9. Nhom thong bao phu:

Mau ma luat :

WS RDRDR WTsTs/SS' REw'w' hoac hoac

WS ALL RWY WTsTs/HI-IsHstis (RDRDR/ERCRe ReRrBRBR)

Bao g6m thong bao phu, ye hien tugng thari tiet da qua, (lieu kien khi tugng nguy hiem dac biet trong khu vire tiep can hoac lay dO cao va dac biet vi tri may CB, &rig, su hien dien cUa gig dirt ...ding ke den thong bao phu cac hien tugng thi tiet quan trac dugc gig trugc nhung khOng xay ra tai theri diem quan trac nhu: giang thity &Ong ket, mua, tuyet, mua da, vet tuyet, bui tinh the va tuyet, bao bui, bao cat, &Ong hoac tro bui nui lira vim. hoac manh (khong can thiet chi ra cugng do hoac dac tinh cUa giang thUy). Tin tire trang, thai duarng CHC cfing dugc dua vao theo hip ugc khong van khu vuc. Nhom tiled tiet da qua bat dau bang RE sau do la 1()'T hieu dm hien Wong khi tugng. Nhom gig dirt bat dau bang WS, DRDR la 1()"/ hieu dugng cat ha earth.

De phat s6 lieu di qugc to thi phan nay dugc sir dung de bao cao:

- Hien tugng thgi tiet nguy hiem vixa xay ra.

- Thong tin ye gig dirt Of tang thap.

- Cac thong tin khac chi theo quy dinh khOng van khu vire. 1.9.1 Nhom hien tugng thgi tiet vira xay ra: REw'w'

Bao gam thong bao phu ye hien tugng thi tiet da qua, dieu kien khi tuo:ng nguy hiem dac biet trong khu vuc tiep can hoac lay do cao va dac biet vi tri may CB, clang. Cac hien tugng th6i tiet quan trac dugc gig trtrac nhung khong xay ra tai thi diem quan trac nhu: giang thuy &Ong ket, mua, tuyet, mua (IA, vet tuyet, bui tinh the


So lay ma luat khi tupng hang khong 2015

va tuyet, bao bui, bao cat, dOng hoac tro bui nni lira vita hoac manh (khOng can thiet chi ra ctrong do; hoac dac tinh cua giang

1.9.2. Nhom thong tin ye gio dat tang thap: WS RWYDRDR hoac WS ALLRWY.

WS: thong tin gio dirt

RWYDRDR: Ten va so hieu du6ng bang

Vi du: WS RWY35R: có gio dirt 6 tang thap 6 dueng bang 35 phai.

ALLRWY: Tat ca cac dung bang

Vi du: ALLRWY: CO giO dirt 6' tang thap 6 tat ca cac dung bang.

1.9.3. Nhom nhiet dO mat Nen va (-10 cao song:

WTsTs/SS' hoac WTsTs/HHsHsTIs

Nhom nhiet dO mat bien va dO cao song: WTsTs/SS'

Trong do TsTs chi nhiet dO mat nu6c Men. S' dq cao song theo bang duol day:

Ma se; MO to DO cao song (m)

0 Bien Lang; (nhu. guang) Calm (glassy) 0

1 Bien tang; (gon song) Calm (rippled) 0 —0.1

2 Yen a; (lan tan) Smooth (wavelets) 0.1 —0.5

3 Bien dOng nhe, Slight 0.5 --1.25

4 Bien Ong; Moderate 1.25 —2.5

5 Bien dOng manh; Rough 2.5 —4

6 Bien deng rat manh; Very rough 4 —6

7 Bien dOng dir (lei; High 6 —9

8 Bien &Ong rat du dOi ; Very high 9 —14

9 Cgc IcS/ dir dOi; Phenomenal > 14

Neu sic dung Ma WTsTVIHIsHsHs thi HSHSHs duqc tinh bang din


So tay ma lu'cjt khi tuTing hang khong 2015

1.9.4 Nh6m tinh trang dtrOng CHC:

Nhom nay dugc dua ra de chi tinh trang dtrOng CHC khi c6 bang tuyet.

Mau ma luat: RDRDR/ERCRe ReRBRBR trong d6:

DRDR dung CHC ved cac ma sau: (trai neu nho hcm 50, phai neu 16n ban 50 (phai &roc cong them 50)

Vi du: 27 = RWY 27 hoac RWY 27L 77= RWY 27R 88= All RWY 99 = Lap lai ban tin cuoi ding vi kh6ng c6 thong tin moi cap nhat.

ER Tinh trang bao phn teen throng CHC voi cac ma sau:

Ma se; Tinh trang dung CHC 0 RWY sach va kho (clear & dry)

RWY am (damp) 2 RWY trot (wet)

RWYc6 strong muoi hoac yang bang bao phn (rime or frost covered) 3 4 RWY c6 tuyet kilo (dry snow) 5 RWY c6 tuyet trot (wet snow) 6 RWY c6 tuyet dang tan (slush) 7 RWY c6 bang da (ice) 8 RWY c6 tuyet nen chat hoac cu6n (compacted or rolled snow) 9 RWY c6 &mg bang thanh ranh hoac gO (Frozen ruts or ridges) / KhOng throe bao cao

CR do bao phu dm bang tuyet tren mat duemg CHC voi cac ma sau:

Ma so Tinh tran_g dtreYng CHC 1 < 10% 2 11% den 25% 5 26% den 50% 4 51% den 100% / KhOng &roc bao cao

e ReR d6 day cUa bang tuyet bao phti teen throng CHC voi cac ma sau:


So tay and ltOt kid arcing hang khong 2015

Ma so Do day Ma so" 95

Do day 25cm 00 < 1 mm

01 den 90 1 mm den 90mm 96 30cm 91 '<hong dimg 97 35cm 92 10cm 98 40cm 93 15cm 99 RWY kheng khai thac 94 20cm // KhOng do dac

BRBR He so ma sat va tinh trang phanh (Friction coefficient / Braking action) veri cac ma so sau:

Ma so He so ma sat hoac tinh tr4ng phanh 28 He so ma sat =28% (Friction coefficient 28%) 35 He so ma sat =28% (Friction coefficient 35%) 91 Phanh yeu (Braking action poor) 92 Phanh trung binh yeu (Braking action med/poor) 93 Phanh trung binh (Braking action medium) 94 Phanh trung binh hoac tot (Braking action medium/good) 95 Phanh tot (Braking action good) 99 So lieu khOng tin cay (Figures unreliable) // Khong bao cao hoac d6ng dm dueng CHC.

Nhom nay c6 the, duqc thay bang SNOCLO khi duOng CHC (long cira b6i bang tuyet. Khi bang tuyet da duqc lam sach 04 se 6 gida nhom nay se duqc thay bang CLRD trong bao cao VD: 88CLRD95 (tat ca cac dung CHC da such va tinh trung phanh tot)

Vi du: METAR UUDD 230900Z 20005MPS 6000 -SN BKN007 OVC100 01/01 Q1017 64559194 14550194 NOSIG

Decode: Location: UUDD Day of month: 23; Time: 09:00 UTC Wind: True direction = 200 degrees, Speed: 5 m/s Visibility: 6000 m Weather: Light Snow Clouds: Broken sky , at 700 feet above aerodrome level


So tay ma lu Ctt khi ttaIng hang khong 2015

Clouds: Overcast sky , at 10000 feet above aerodrome level Temperature: 01 degrees Celsius; Dewpoint: 01 degrees Celsius QNH (Sea-level pressure): 1017 hPa Runway state:

Runway 14 Right: wet snow, contamination 26% to 50%, braking action is medium/good Runway state:

Runway 14 (or 14 Left): wet snow, contamination 26% to 50%, deposit is 1 mm deep. braking action is medium/good

No significant changes expected in the near future

1.10. Nhorn RA/1K

Nhorn nay chi y cho nguei sir dung ve: - Khi ap mgc,bien. - Nhiet de/diem strung den phan muei do Tnnnnnnnn trong do y nghia chit

so did 1 va did 5 (0 T/Td duong; 1 T/Td am), chic so thin 2-4 chi nhiet de den phan 10 de; chit so thin 6-8 chi nhiet de diem strung den phan 10 de; VD: T00221083 (nhiet de 02.2°C; nhiet de diem suang -08.3°C)

* Ban tin theri tik cfac biet chon loc (SPECI) chive Oat ban khi cac yeti to khi timing clat cac chi tieu sau:

- Gi6 mat dat: + Khi huang gi6 be mat trung binh thay doi hcm hoc bang 60 de so voi bao cao

gan nhat, tee do gio trung binh truec va/ho4c sau khi bien 5m/s (10KT). + Khi tee do gi6 trung binh thay doi 5m/s (10KT) so vei bao cao gan nhat. + Khi c6 su daodeng so vei tOc do giO trung binh (gio giat) tang 5m/s (10KT) so

\Teri bao cao gannhat, tOc do gi6 trung binh truec valhoac sau thay doi 7,5mis (15KT).

+ Khi gio thay doi qua tri se ngueng khai tilde nguy hiem (tri so ngueng nay do Co quan Khi tueng ket hop ph6ng ATS va nguei khai thac lien quan tinh toan) dan den: • Yeu cau thay doi dueng CHC sir dung, va • Thanh phan giO xuei va gio canh duong CHC c6 six thay dOi qua ngueng gia

han hoat deng dm may bay tai san bay. - Tam nhin ngang:

+ Khi tam nhin ngang dat hoac vuet qua ngueng 800m, 1500m, 3000m va 5000m trong trueng hop c6 hog deng bay bang mat (VFR).

Ghi chti:Torn nhin vet do cao chan may khi tho i ti et tot len thi hojc wecrt ng-trang rno.i boo con khi xazt di thi vito.t ngirang mal boo.


So tay ma lucjt khi tuo.ng hang kh Ong 2015

•

De nghi cho vi du cu the ye clot hock vuvt nguang. Vi du tam nhin ngang clang 3000m. Tam nhin giam xuang 2000 la bao(ticc la cla vtrol nguang 3000) hay tam nhin phai vuot xuong dual nguang 1500 mei bao.

- Tam nhinRVR + Thay doi tang len dat hoac vuot qua mot hoac nhieu ngtrOng: 150m, 350m, 600m,

800m. Va xdu di vuot mot hoac nhieu ngnOng: 150m, 350m, 600m, 800m. - Hien tuong theri tiet: Khi xuat hien, ket thlic hoac thay doi cu&ng do mot trong cac hien tuong sau:

• Mua gong ket; • Giang thny vira hoac manh (bao g6m ca mua rao); • Dong (kern giang thtly); • Bao bui, bao cat; • May voi rOng.,

Khi xuat hien hoac ket thlic d() mot trong cac hien tuong sau: • Mua clang ket, • Suo'ng mu dong ket; • Bui, cat hoac tuyet tung thap; • Bui, cat hoac tuyet boc len; • Dong ( khOng kern giang they); + To

- May : • Khi do cao chan may cila lop may thap nhat c6 van luting BKN/ hoac OVC thay

dol. tang len dat/ hoac vuot qua mot hoac nhieu nguOng; hoac khi d() cao chan may cna lerp may thap nhat có van luting BKN/ hoac OVC thay doi giam di vuot qua mot/ hoac nhieu nguOng sau: 30m, 60m, 150m, 300m (200ft, 500ft, 1000ft); 450m (1500ft) trong truOng hop nhieu chuyen bay hoat Ong bay bang mat;

• Khi luting cua lop may có do cao chan thap hon,

450m (1500FT) thay tir SCT/ hoac nhO hon tang len BKN/ hoac OVC; tir BKN, OVC giam xuOng SCT/ hoac nho hon;

• Khi tarn nhin thang, , dling thay tang len dat/hoac vuot qua mot hoac nhieu ngtrOng; hoac khi tam nhin thing clang thay giam di vuot qua mot/ hoac nhieu ngtrang sau: 30, 60, 150 hoac 300m.

Ghi chic Ban tin SPECI cluvc phat ngay khi có 11761 tiet xau va sau 10 phict khi thdri tiet tot ten.


So tay ma luat khi ttryng hang khong 2015

Chtrung 2: BAN TIN THOI TIET THCONG LE MINH NGU' CHU' TAT (METREPORT) VA BAN TIN THOI TIET DAC BIET MINH NGIJ CHI' TAT (SPECICAL).

2.1.Loai bao cao: METREPORT ho4c SPECICAL.

2.2.Dia danh san bay: Dugc bao cao giOng nhu ban tin METAR va SPECI.

2.3.Ngdy,thoi gian: Dugc bao cao gieng nhu ban tin METAR va SPECI.

2.4.Fluerng va toe do gi6: - Huong/toc de va don vi do (dugc lay trung binh trong 2 phirt). - WIND RWY11 TDZ 240/5KT MID 260/6KT END 2409KT; - Lang gi6 bao "CALM". - Thay doi ve gio:

+ Khi huong gio thay dei 60° voi tee do trung binh lOn hon 6km/h (3kt), 2 hueng gi6 cue dai dugc bao cao bang de. Vi "VRB BTN 350/AND 050/". Khi gi6 giat su dao deng so veri toe do gi6 trung binh (giat) len hon 20km/h (10KT) trong thOi gian 10 phut, gia tri cuc dai va cuc tieu dugc bao cao theo mau: " MAX 70 MNM 20". Khi khong the bao cao ye hung gi6 trung binh, giong nhu dieu kien gio yeu <6km/h (3kt) hoc toe do gio manh, vi du clang tran qua san bay thi huong gi6 thay doi thuat ngfr "VRB" dang "VRB 16KT".

2.5.Tam nhin ngang:, Dirge bao cao giong nhu ban tin Metar va SPECI flitting dua "VIS " vao truOc gia tri

tam nhin, don vi do tam nhin cung dugc dua vao (M hoc Km), truck huong dung " TO ". Vi du: "VIS 1200M TO S".

2.6.Tam nhin difarng cat ha canh: Wat dau nh6m bang RVR tiep theo la RWY con each bao cao gieng nhu ban tin

METAR va SPECI nhung ye da lieu dugc bao cao dugc chon cho met vai diem doc theo dueng CHC nhu la viing tiep dat (TDZ), diem Oda (MID) va diem cuei (END). Vi du: RVR RWY11 TDZ 600M MID 500M END 400M. Chit. "P" dugc thay the b'ang "ABV", chir "M" dtroc thay the bang "BLW".

2.7. Hien tuqng th0i tiet thuc trang: 1()% hieu dugc sir dung nhu trong METAR va SPECI, rieng ye cueing do dugc sir

dung nhu sau: • Nhe (FBL-Light). • Vita (MOD- Moderate). • Manh (HVY- Heavy).


So tay ri acz hiast khi twang hang khong 2015

2.8.May: Loai va luong may duoc bao,cdo gi6ng nhu. ban tin METAR SPECI, dO cao dime

bac) cao bang don vi FT (Feet). Tam ohin thang dimg bdo theo m-du VER VIS (Vertical visibility).

2.9.Nhiet dO khong khi va nhiet dO diem suong: Bac) "T" truac gia tri cua nhiet do thong khi va "DP" truck nhi.t do diem strung.

2.10. Tri s6 khi ap: Dugc bao ca.() giOng nhu trong METAR. va SPECI.

2.11. Thong bao phu: Dugc bao cao giOng nhu trong METAR va. SPECI.

Chtro'ng 3: BAN TIN MI BAO HA CANH - TREND

Ban tin du bac) ha canh - TREND: Id phan be sung cho ban tin thgi tiet thuong le METAR hoac ban tin thai tiet chon loc SPECI do du bao vien hoac quan trac vien lap va. la quy tac ngan gon de ma hod ban tin du bdo theo lieu chuan qu6c te. Giai ma nhiang ban tin dux bao nay c6 the do nhieu d6i tuong khde nhau nhu. phi cOng, nhan vien khong ngugi khai thac va nhan vien khi Prong. Ban tin du bdo ha canh TREND c6 hieu lirc 2 gig sau thai diem quan trac. Ban tin du. bao ha canh xac dinh su bien dOi cna mot hoac vdi yeu to khi tuong; gi6 be mat, tam nhin, hien tuong thai tiet va may (chi nhimg yeu to khi tuong du doan bien dOi &roc dua vdo ban tin). Khi khong co su bien doi dac biet, ban tin duoc sir dung thuat ngir chir tat"NOSIG".

Ghi

-

Trong trugng hop du bao c6 kha nang xay ra su Hen dOi, doi vai yeu to may thi tat ca cac nhom may bao gem cac hoac khoi may khong du dodn bien doi cling deu duoc chi ra.

- Trong tnreng hop du bdo bien dOi tam nhin, nhang hien tuong thgi tiet gay nen giam tam nhin cling throe chi ra.

3.1. Nhom thuat ngil Nen d6i :

NIL ma luat:

hoac NOSIG


So tay ma lwjt kid twyng hang khang 2015

Khi met hoac vai yeu to quan -Ude duec du doan bien doi (gio be mat, tarn nhin, hien tux:mg thei tiet, may hoac tam nhin thang &mg) thi met trong nhirng thuat ngit bien doi sau day dirge, sir dung : BECMG hoac TEMPO.

Tiep theo la nhom thei gian GGgg, fru& nhom nay là met trong cac ky hieu chi' FM (from), TL (until), AT (at) dugc sir dung Wong irng. Vi du : TEMPO FM1030

Thuat ngit "BECMG" : Thuat bien doi "BECMG" dugc sir dung de me to six bien doi theo du doan, ma

sir bien dOi do dat tai hoac vuot qua nhirng gia tri da dinh mire de thueng xuyen hay khong thixOng xuyen. Thai kf ma trong do (hoac thei diem ma tai do) du bao six Hen doi xay ra dugc chi dinh bang chit tat FM, TL, AT Wong img.

Khi du bao bien doi bat dau va ket thuc trong khoang thei gian ban tin du. bao khuynh hueng TREND co hieu luc thi tiled diem bat dau va ket thirc six bien doi dugc 1()2 hieu bang chi.'" tat FM va TL tucmg irng, sau do la nhom thei gian, vi du du. bao khuynh huOng có hieu lyc tit 1000 den 1200 UTC la: BECMG FM1030 TL1130

1 I I) )1. yl "

10001JIC 1200 TC

- Khi dir bao six Nen d6i bat , dau chinh tai thei, diem ma du. bao khuynhhungag TREND có hieu lyc, nhung ket fink truck thei diem dy,bao,TREND het hieu lye thi chi dung chi' tat TL va sau do la thei gian ket thiic six Nen doi.

11301


So tay ma twit khi ticong hang khong 2015

1000TJTC

1000UTC

113OUTC

1200UTC

Vi du : Tam nhin tai thoi diem quan trac Id 6KM va du bao se gidm xueng 3KM trong mu cho den 113OUTC, khi do ma hod Id:

BECMG TL1130 3000 BR - Khi du bd.° sit bien doi dugc bat dau trong then ky du bao khuynh huong có hieu luc

va ket thirc tai theri diem ban tin du bao het hieu luc thi sir dung chit tat FM voi nhom theri gian ky hieu bat dau sty bien del.

100OUTC 124)6 '°1'C'

120ou're 14)301. C

Vi du: BECMG FM1030

- Khi du bao sly bien dOi dugc bat dau tai thgi diem xac dinh trong ban tin du bao khuynh huong TREND thi chit tat AT dugc sir dung.


So tay ma luOt khi arcing hang khong 2015

METAR I

1000UTC 1100UTC 1200UTC Vi du: BCMG AT1100

Khi du bac, su bien doi dugc bat dau tai thoi diem ban tin du bac) khuynh hugng TREND bat dau c6 hieu luc va ket thlic tai thoi diem ket thlic dm ban tin TREND hoac khi dii bao su bien doi )(ay ra trong thoi kST ban tin du bao c6 hieu luc nhung thoi diem khang 1-6 rang, khi do kh'Ong sir dung chit tat FM, TL hoac AT, ma chi nen dung thu4t ngir "BECMG" la

1000UTC 1200UIC

4

.0.00.00000.0000#00,-.4•-•--..

4■110141101111110118NIONiiiii•NOMONIMINII ■riimwoi gook ve*

1000UTC 1200


So tay lucjt khi ttcvng hang khong 2015

- Khi du bao six bien doi xay ra vao Inc 0000 (giO UTC), nhom thai gian dugc ky hieu nhu sau + Là 0000 khi viet chtl tat FM va AT + Ld 2400 khi viet vo i chir tat TL. Thuat ngtl. "TEMPO": , Nhom thuat ngir Nen (lei "TEMPO" dupe sir dung de me O. du bao sty Nen doi bat

thlremg va. tam thai cac dieu kin khi tueng dat tOi hoc vuol qua nhung tri so cu the va keo dai trong khoang theyi gian duoi met gia dOi voii tong trueyng flop cu the, va -Long thai gian Men doi nho hon met nira thai kST ban tin du bao có hieu luc. Thai IcST xay ra sir Nen doi bat thuOng va tam then dugc chi ra bang sir dung cac cht.i. tat FM va/hoac TL va tiep theo la nhom thai gian tuang Ung.

- Khi du bao su. Men doi bat thuong va tam thai bat dau va ket dine trong thai kST ban tin du bao khuynh ,htrong "TREND" có hieu Itre, thOi diem bat dau yd. ket thiic bien doi dugc 14T hieu bang chit tat FM va TL, sau do la nhom thai gian.

3000

L Too

3orl-C 1000UTC 12001.YIV

Vi du: TEMPO FM1030 TL1130. - Khi du bao strr bien doi bat thuang va tam thai bat dau tai thai diem ban tin bat dau

có hieu luc nhung ket thitc truck khi ban tin het hieu luc, chi nen sir dung chir tat TL va sau do Id nhom thai gian chi thOi diem ket thfic str Nen doi.


120OUTC 1030U C

METAR

So tay ma luOt khi ttryng hang khong 2015

Vi du: TEMPO TL1130. Khi du bac, sir Nen dO'i bat thuang va tam thai bat dau trong thai l(ST ban tin dux bao khuynh hung TREND có hieu luc va duy tri trong tiled gian hieu luc con lai cUa ban tin du bao, khi do sir dung chit tat FM ciing nhom thai gian khi thai diem bat dau bien dOi.

1000UTC V 1200UTC

Vi d u: TEMPO FM1030. - Khi du bao thed ,kS7 Men dOi bat thuemg va tam thai bat dau thai diem có hieu luc

duy tri trong suet thai kS7 ban tin du bao có hieu lure, khi dO chi nen sir dung thuat ngt1 TEMPO duy nhat.

1.111111111•W

000 LITC 1200 IV


So tay tna lucit khi tupvg hang khOng 2015

Thuat ngir "NOSIG": - Khi du bao khOng c6 su bien doi xay ra , hoac c6 Men do) khOng clang ke (bien dOi

nhung chua vugt nguOng) trong suOt thei kSi ban tin du bao khuynh huong TREND c6 hieu luc, khi d6 nhom Men doi bi loai b6 va thay the bang thuat ngu "NOSIG".

Sau nhirng nhom thudt ngir bien doi la nhimg nhom lien quan toi cac yeti to khi tuo•ng dugc du bao dua vao ban tin. Tuy nhien doi vii du' bao bien dOi may thi tat ca cac nhom may dm bat 1(3/ lop nao hoac khOi nao kliong bao Nen dOi ciing dua vao ban tin.

3.2. Nhom gio be mat :

IVIL ma luat: KT

dddITGfi„f,„ hoac MPS

Dv bao khuynh huang TREND thuat ngir sir bien dOi gio be mat khi:

-

Hung gio trung binh Nen doi 60 dO hoac hon, vii toe do gio trung binh tar& va/hoac sau bien doi la 10KT hoac hon.

-

Bien dOi toe do gi6 trung binh bang hoac hon 10KT . Bien doi cna gi6 vugt qua gia tri ngtiOng khai thac nguy hiem. Gia tri nguOng nay dugc lap do su thoa thuan giira phOng kheng luu, phong khi tugng va nhfing ngueri khai tilde lien quan. Vi bdo toe (10 gi6 tang 35KT vii gio giat 50KT trong thOi k37 ban tin du bdo

c6 hieu luc la : BECMG 25035G5OKT Khi do Qn van se" duqc ma hoa la

BECMG FM1100 25035G50KT

3.3. Nhom tam nhin ngang:

IVIL ma luat: VVVV hoac

CA VOK Du doan tam nhin ngang bien doi tang dat hoac vugt qua mot hoac nhieu nguO'ng sau:

150m, 350m, 600m, 800m, 1500m va 3000m. -Du doan tam nhin ngang bien dOi gidm vugt qua mot hoac nhieu nguOng sau: 150m, 350m, 600m, 800m, 1500m va 3000m. Tuy theo so chuyen bay dugc thvc hien theo guy tac bang mat (VFR) tri s6 tam nhin 5000m co the 1)6 sung vao dank mvc tren. Vi du: Tam nhin suy giam xtiong con 750m trong strong mu, khi d6 lam troll 700m valc3"f hieu la : TEMPO 0700

Ghi chit: Dv boo tam nhin throng eat lig cOnh RVR khong dtrov thvc Dien van ma hoO tiep theo In :


So tay ma lucjt khi ttryng hang khang 2015

BECMG FM1100 25035G5OKT 6000 (Vi du chua phn hop, tren cho vi du tam nhin giam xtiong 750m trong suong mu, duoi de dien van ma h6a tiep theo lai 6000)

3.4. NhOm hien tuong thai tiet:

Mau ma luat: w'w' hodc NSW

-Khi der bao xuat hien, ket fink hoac thay dOi ctrimg dO cita mot hoac nhieu hien

tuvng Wx sau:

+ Giang thug gong ket

+ Giang thug vita hodc manh (ke ca dac tinh SH)

+ Giong (kern giang thus()

+ Bdo bui, bao cat

+ Cac hien tugng thei tiet khac neu trong 4.4.2.3 Appendix 3, Annex 3 khi c6 thea thuan

gitra MET, ATS.

- Khi diy bat) xuat hien ho4c ket tit& cita mOt ho4c nhieu hien tuong Wx sau:

+ Tinh the bang

+ Strang mu clang ket

+ Cat, bui hoac tuyet b6c len 6 muc thap (<2m)

+ Cat, bui hodc tuyet b6c len 6 muc cao (> 2m)

+ GiOng (kern giang thug)

+ T6

+ May voi r6ng (tornado hodc waterspout)

Vi du: BECMG TL1100 25005KT 3000 -RA

NSW: Sir dung khi du bao ket thuc hien tuo:ng th6i tiet do bao trong phan chinh.

Vi du: Du bao TREND c6 hieu luc tir 0300Z den 0500Z, du doan &Ong kern mua tit 0300 den 043OUTC la: TEMPO TL0430 TSRA.

Ket thnc hien Wong thoi tiet nguy hiem Inc 1630Z dugc ma h6a la : BECMG AT1630 NSW

Dien van ma hoa tie'p theo BECMG FM1100 25030G50KT 6000 NSW

3.5. Nhom may hoac tarn nhin thang cinng:

Mau ma. luat : N,N,Nshshsh,


So tay mna lt0 t kid tirvng hang khong 2015

hoac VVhshsh,

hoac NSC

Y6u to may dugc coi la dOt bien khi: - DO cao chan may dm lop may BKN hoac OVC thap hon hoac du kien ha thap dtreii

450M (1500FT) va du bao thay doi tang dat hoac vugt qua met hoac nhieu liguOng sau: 30, 60, 90, 150, 300 , hoac 450M (100, 200, 300, 500, 1000 va 1500FT), hoac du bdo thay dOi giam vugt qua mOt hoac nhieu ngueng sau: 30, 60, 90, 150, 300 , hoac 450M (100, 200, 300, 500, 1000 va 1500FT) Vi du: Du bd.° de cao chan may gidm xtiong 500FT tai theri diem bat dau ban tin du.

bdo TREND ,c6 hieu yrc va ket thnc Inc 113OUTC dugc k)'T hieu, la: BECMG TL1130 OVC005. (De nghi de vi BNK005 vi may CU khong the day trod de phat bdo la OVC005)

- Do cao chan may thap hon hoac du bdo thap hon 450M (1500FT) va du bdo lugng may thay doi : Tir SCT, FEW tang len BKN hoac OVC;Tir BKN hoac OVC giam xuong SCT, FEW Vi du: Du bdo tang nhanh lugng may thap litc 113OUTC tur SCT den OVC kY, hieu la BECMG AT1130 OVC010

- Khi du doan bau troi tro. nen min mit, quan trac dugc tam nhin thang dirng, va du bao Men doi tam nhin thang dirng tang dat hoac vugt qua mot hoac nhieu ngtrOng sau: 30, 60 hoac 150m (100, 200 hoac 500FT), du. bdo Nen dOi tarn nhin thang dimg giam vugt qua met hoac nhieu nguang sau:30, 60 hoac 150m (100, 200 hoac 500FT).

- Khi du doan khong c6 Hen dOi dOt bien ye may trong thaci k3/ ban tin du bao TREND co hieu luc, nhom may ding khOng can lap lai va khong that-1g bdo chi tiet ye may. ,

- De thuat ngir Hen doi trang thdi bau trai den trang thdi tr&i quang sir dung chil, tat NSC (Nil Significant Cloud) thay the cho nh6m may hoac nh6m tarn nhin thang &mg.

- De thuat ngir bien doi khong c6 may thap dui 1500M (5000FT) hoac cao hon dO cao \Tong eh& tOi thieu, chit tat NSC (Nil Significant Cloud) thay the cho nhain may va tam nhin thang dimg khi thuat ngir CAVOK khong Wang thich. Chi tieu Nen doi trong ban tin du bdo khuynh hu.o.ng TREND dugc xay dung, Oa teen co•

so tieu chuan khai thac thap nhat dia phuong, Ong them nhiing tieu chuan cu the neu tren se chi dugc sir dung khi da dugc thoa thuan giira CSCCDV khi tugng va nhfing ngtrai khai thac lien quan.

Vi du hoan chinh :

BECMG FM1100 25035G50KT 6000 NSW NSC Giai ma:


So tay ma luat khi tucing hang khong 2015

Sau 1100 UTC,gio be mat 250 dO 35 knot, gio giat den 50 knot, tam nhin 6km, hien tugng theei ti6t nguy hiem ket thuc va khong có may nguy hiem.

Chtrong 4:

BAN TIN DIY BAO THUI TIET SAN BAY-TAF, TAF AMD

MAU MA LUAT

TAF hoac NIL TAF COR ho4c CCCC YYGGggZ hoac TAF AMD YIYIGIGIN2Y2G2G2

dddffGf,„f m KT VVVV hoac hoac hoac CNL MPS CAVOK

w'w' N,N,Nshshshs hoac VVhshshshs hoac NSC

(TXTFTF /YFYFGFGFZ), (TN TFTF /YFYFGFGFZ)

TTTT hoac

PROB C2C2 hoac

PROB C2C2 TTTT

ho4c TTYYGGgg

YYGG/YeYeGeGe

4.1. Nhorn danh dinh:

MAU MA LUAT

TAF (COR) (AMD) CCCC YYGGggZ (NIL) YIYIGIGI/Y2Y,G)G2 (CNL)

TAF : Ten ma luat ban tin du bao tiled tiet tai san bay.

TAF AMD : Chi ban tin TAF I'') sung (amended)

TAF COR : Chi ban tin TAF sira loi (corrected)

CCCC : Chi danh theo ICAO ciia san bay ma ban tin de cap to.i. (VVNB)


So tay ma Wt khi ttrqng hang khong 2015

YYGGggZ : Ngdy va thdi gian khi phat ban tin du bdo theo gid. quOc to (Z).

Y1YiGIGIN2Y2G2G? : ngdy vd gio' bat &du c6 hieu luc hieu luc/ ngdy va gio' ket thiic hieu luc dm ban tin du bdo.

NIL : khong c6 TAF (missing forecasts)

Vi du ma hoth nhu' sau:

TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406

4.2. Nhom gio be mat:

MAU MA LUAT

dddffGf,f,-, (KT hodc MPS)

Thong thuarng day Id mot nhom nam so, tiep theo Id chit viet tat chi dun vi do toe dO gi6 duoc sir dung. Ba so dau du bdo huong gi6 va hai se sau dkr bd.() toe dO gio.

Vi du: 31010KT Neu dux bdo c6 gi6 giat va toe do gio giat cue ddi larn hon tOc do gi6 trung binh la

20KMH(10KT, SMPS) hoc to n hon se bd.° then chit G ngay sau toe dO gi6 trung binh tiep theo do Id toc dO gio gidt.

Vi du: 31010G26KT MA hod VRB chi duoc sir dung khi:

- (1KT, 0.5MPS)< TOc dO gi6 < (3KT, 2MPS). - Toc dO gi6 len ban 3KT, huong gi6 Nen thien >180° hodc huong gi6 khong the xac

dinh duoc. Ma ho6 vi du tiep theo

TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010KT

4.3. Nhom Calm nhin ngang:

MAU MA LUAT

VVVV (hodc CAVOK )

Nh6m nay Om 4 so chi dux bdo tam nhin ngang, gia tri cdc so tinh bdng met. Khi tam nhin > 10KM ma hod Id 9999.

Ma ho6 vi du tiepr theo /a:

TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010KT 8000

4.4. Nhom hien tuvng thoi

MAU MA LUAT

w'w' (hodc NSW)


So tay mil luCzt khi Wong hang khong 2015

Du bao hien Wong thOi tiet dome sir dung cac chit yiet tat thich hop nhu da dua ra trong phan ma ludt METAR.

Neu khOng c6 hien tuong thOi tiet duce du down xay ra thi nhom hien tuning thoi tiet dugc b6 qua. Tuy nhien, sau nhom dux bao dOt Nen, neu hien Wong thai tiet dac biet cham dirt thi nhom hien tuning thOi tiet w'w' dugc thay the bang nhom NSW (Nil Significant Weather) - khong c6 hien tuning thai tiet nguy hiem.

Ma hoa vi du tiep theo la: TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010KT 4000 TSRA

4.5. Nhom may (hoic tam nhin th"ng dirng)

MAU MA LUAT

N,N,Nshshsh, hoae VVhshsh, hodc NSC

Thong tin ye may dugc trinh bay theo mau gi6ng nhu trong ma ludt METAR. Ma hoa vi du tiep theo TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010KT 4000 TSRA SCT010 SCT027CB

BKN100

Khi du down ban trai mu mit va thOng tin ve tam nhin thang dimg c6 the xac dinh dugc thi nhom may dugc thay,the bOi nh6m VVhshsh, (nhom du bao tam nhin thang dimg), vai ba , cuOi bao tam nhin thang dimg yoi cap each nhau 30m (100FT).

Vi du: Khi du down tam nhin la 8KM va c6 may Ac, Ci cao tren 10000FT thi nhom may se

dirge thay ben thudt ngtr NSC (Nil Significant Cloud). Neu du. down tarn nhin >10Km thi sir dung thudt ngir CAVOK.

4.6. Nhorn,thy down nhirng,diit bien nguy hiem: Nhang bien doi cac dieu kien khi tuning thinh hanh duce coi la dot bien can thiet

bao trong ban tin du bao thai tiet san bay (va cling ld ngtrong cte quyet (filth du bdo bb

sung TAF AMD) la:

Gio be mat:

Khi hung gio be mat du bao thay d6i hon hoc bang 60 dO, toe dO gio trudfc va

sau khi bien doi > Sm/s (10KT);

- Khi tOc dO gi6 dlr bao thay d6i Sm/s (10KT);

- Khi du bao c6 slr dao dOng cna t6c do gio (gio gidt) tang Sm/s (10KT) t6c do gi6

truck hoac sau thay d6i 7,5m/s (15KT).


So tay Ind hkit khi tiip.ng hang khong 2015

- Khi du bao gi6 thay doi qua tri so ngtrOng nguy hiem (tri so nguang nay do Co quan Khi Wong ket hop v6i phong ATS va ngu6i khai lilac lien quan tinh town) dan den:

+ Yeu cau thay dor du6ng CHC sir dung, va

+ Thanh phan gio xtroi va gio earth duong CHC c6 sty thay d6i qua ngtrang gio tri hoat Ong ciia may bay tai son bay.

Tam nhin ngang:

Khi tam nhin ngang throe du bao bien doi dat hoac vuo•t qua mot trong nhfing tri so sau: 150m, 350m, 600m, 800m, 1500m, 3000m, (5000m d6i v6i nhang chuyen bay bang mat).

Hien tu•o'ng thivi tiet:

Khi bat l(ST hien tuvng thOi tiet nao sau day throe bao bat dau, ket thirc hoac thay d6i cuOng dO: mtra (long ket, giang thUy vera hoac manh, bao cat, bao bui, &Ong kern giang th try .

Khi bat kY hien tuong thei tiet nao sau day drive du bao bat dau hoac ket thtic: strong ma (tong ket, dOng khong kern giang they, to, may voi r6ng.

Neu hien thOi tiet nguy hiem nhu da chi ra trong phan chinh ciia dien van TAF dtr bao ket thuc thi tiep sau nhom thuat ngir dOt bien la nhom w'w' duce thay the b6i thuat ngt-r NSW (Nil Significant Weather).

Vi dy: TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010KT 4000 TSRA SCT01.0 SCT027CB BKN1.00 BECMG 1322/1324 NSW SCT025

May:

- Khi do cao chan may ctra 16p hoac kh6i may thap nhat v6i luting may chiem 5/8 hoac hon (BKN hoac OVC) thi du bao bien dOi dat t6i hoac vuot qua cac tri s6 sau: 30m,60m,150m,300m, (450m Trong trueng hop bay bang mat).

- Khi tong luting may cua 16p hoac kh6i may dr dO cao du6i 450m (1500FT) duoc dtr bao bien d6si: + Tir SCT, FEW tang len BKN hoac OVC;

+ Tit BKN hoac OVC giam xu6ng SCT, FEW; - Khi may CB duge dtr down phat trien hoac tan ra;


So tay ma 11,01 khi ttrvng hang khong 2015

- Khi tam nhin thang dimg dugc cltr bao bien doi dat hoac vugt qua cac tri so sau: 30m,

60m, 150m, 300m (100FT,200FT,500FT,1000FT).

- Khi dieu kien khi tuvng dir bao hien doi d4t "CAVOK" ho4c dieu kien khi Wong "

CAVOK" se cham dirt thi thuat ngir CAVOK se dugc sir dung hoac be di.

4.7. Nhom thu4t ngir clot Wert :

MAU MA LUAT

TTTT hoac

PROB C2C2 ho4c

PROB C2C2 TTTT YYGG/YeYeGeGe

hoac

TTYYGGgg

4.7.1. Khi mgt boat dieu kien th6i tiet thinh hanh dugc du doan dgt Nen va nhieu hoac it be

sung hoar' chinh cho loat dieu kien thgi tiet khac thi nhom thuat ngir thai gian

FMGGgg (vai FM là chit tat ciia From" tic " va GGgg là thai gian tinh bang gig va

phUt UTC ) dugc dung de bao thgi diem bat dau mgt phan not dung ciia ban tin citr

bao.Tat ca nhung dieu kien thai -Get dirge dua ra truerc do ciia nhom se dugc thay the

bed cac dieu kien thai tiet dugc bao sau do.

Vi du: TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 27010KT 6000 NSC

FM131215 27016KT 4000 BR BKN010=

4.7.2. Cac nhom BECMG YYGG/YeYeGeGe dimg de chi six bien dei thugng le hoac khOng

thugng le cua nhang dieu kien khi tugng dugc dlx doan xay ra 6 thai diem khOng

xac dinh trong khoang thai gian tir ngay gig YYGG d6n ngdy gig YeYeGeGe. Thong

thugng thai kSi nay khong vugt qua hai gia, nhung trong moi trugng hgp khong bao

gig vuo:t qua ben gig.

4.7.3 Tiep sau thuat ngir bien doi Id cac nhom mg to nhung yeu to khi tugng dirge du

bao clgt bien. Tuy nhien,trong trugng hgp c6 str dgt bien cna may, tat ca cac nhom

may nhu da neu ra a phan truo•c, bao gOm cac lop hoac khei may dugc cltr doan dgt

bien hay khong, deu dirge chi ra.

4.7.4. Nhom TEMPO YYGG/YeYeGeGe dung de chi nhiing Hen dei tam then cUa cac dieu

kien khi Wong dirge dtr bao c6 the xay ra tai batki thgi diem nao trong khoang then


So lay mil luat khi tup.ng hang khong 2015

gian tir YYGG den YeYeGeGe. Nhang dieu kien khi tuong throe du down sau nhom nay chi keo dai cluoi mot trong moi tru6ng hop va tong so thei gian cUa cac trung hop xay ra phai du6i mot nira th6i Ic5/ duoc du bao befi YYGG/Y,Y,G,Ge.

Ma ho6 vi du tiep theo là: TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010KT 4000 SHRA FEW005 FEW027CB BKN100 TEMPO 1314/1316 1000 +SHRA Ghi chic: Neu mot dOt bien tam thei van con keo dai han int hoac tong s6 thei gian cna cac truong hop lan fon mot nira theri kY du bao, khi do can sir dung thuat ngir Men d6i BECMG va se thong bao dieu kien khi Wong tri hon.

4.7.5. Khi d6 chinh xac cita tri so lua chon trong ban tin du bao khong cao, tuy nhien yeu to du bao dtroc coi lA anh htrOng quan trong den boat d6ng bay thi sir dung nhom PROB C2C2 YYGG/Y,YeGeGe. C2C2 chi gia tri phan tram xac suat xay ra va chi sir dung cac gia tri 30% hoac 40%. ThuOng tiep sau nh6m PROB là nhom chi thoi gian YYGG/Y,YeGeGe hoac nhom thuat ngir bien d6i va nhom th6i gian kern theo TTTTT YYGG/YeYeGeGe.

Cdc vi dy:

TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010.KT 8000 -RA FEW005 FEW027CB BKN100 BECMG 1311/1316 1500 BR PROB30 1400/1402 0800 FG

Theo ban tin du bac) thi vao khoang 1100UTC ngdy 13 tam nhin se giam xu6ng 1500 met do mu va v6i xac suat 30% c6 strung mu v6i tam nhin 800 met trong khoang thoi gian tir 000UTC den 0200UTC ngay 14.

TAF VVNB 130500Z 1306/1406 31010KT 8000 -RA FEW005 FEW027CB BKN100 PROB30 TEMPO 1314/1318 4000 TSRA

Theo ban tin du bao thi tir 1400UTC-1800UTC co the c6 mua rao va dOng tam nhin giam xuong 4000m trong rnua v6i xac suat 30%.

Ghi chit': Neu xac suat xay ra la 50% hoac 16n hon, dO tin cay cao thi sir dung tir thuat BECMG,TEMPO hoac FM Wong img. Khi xac suat xay ra nho hon 30%, no khong nguy hiem v6i quan diem khai thac, thi hien tuong do khOng can dua \Tao.

TEMPO vai nghia Id nhang bien (.16i tam th6i se xay ra du6i mot nira khoang thoi gian du bao, khong nen lam lan voi xac suat 30% hoac 40% vai TEMPO, du bao vien tin cay rang nhimg bien d6i tarn th6i se chiem vi tri, v6i PROB30 chi IA xac suat trung binh se xay ra.


So tay tay ma luOt khi tup.ng hang khong 2015

4.8. Dkr bao TAF 13'4 sung (TAF AMD)

Khi mat ban tin du bao thai tiet san bay TAF can thiet ba sung phi hop vai muc 4.8 tren (nh6m do down nhung dot bin nguy hiem), phan bdo ba sung clugc chi bai thuat

ngir AMD xen sau thuat ngir TAF va ban tin du bdo mai nay bao trim thai kS/ hieu hxc can

lai cila ban tin du bao chinh.

Vi du : TAF AMD VVNB 130820Z 1309/1406

Clurceng 5:

THONG BAO SIGMET, AIRMET, CANH BAO THOI TIET SAN BAY VA CANH BAO HIEN TCONG GIO MIT TANG THAP

5.1. Khai coat chung:

Lap va phat hanh thong tin to van cho phi cong va cac nhan vien hang khOng ye dieu kien thai tiet anh huang, den an toan hang khOng la chirc nang quan trong cac don vi khi tuong. Trong thuc te, cac don vi canh bao thai tiet (MWO) chi yeu lap va phat hanh nhfing thong tin ye thai tiet nguy hiem tren duang bay trong yiing trach nhiem. Cac thong tin nay duoc goi la SIGMET va AIRMET. Cac ban tin to van bap nhiet va tro bui nui lira la san pham cac trung tam to van Bao nhiet dai (TAAC) va Tro bui nui lira (VAAC). Cac don vi MWO sir dung cac thong tin nay de phuc vu cho viec rap dien van SIGMET ye bao nhiet dai va may bui,nni lira. Vic phat hanh cac canh bao dieu kien thai tiet nguy hiem tai hoac gan san bay, ke ca canh bao gio dirt, thuang la trach nhiem cua cac don vi khi Wong san bay.

5.2. Thong bao SIGMET

De thuan loi cho viec trinh bay, cau triic va mai dien van SIGMET duoc mO to theo ba loai dien van SIGMET sau day:

-

SIGMET ve cac hien Wong thai tiet tren duang bay, gam: TS, CB, TURB, ICE, MTW, DS, SS va RDOACT CLD); SIGMET nay duoc 1c)'T hieu la WS SIGMET;

-

SIGMET ye tro bui nUi lira, 1c)"T hieu la VA SIGMET hoac WV SIGMET;

-

SIGMET ve bao nhiet dai, kST hieu Id TC SIGMET hoac WC SIGMET.

5.2.1. Can truc dien van SIGMET - Ky hien Au dien vein WMO: Tat ca cac loai SIGMET duoc bat dau bang dau dien van WMO Wang img;


So ray mil hicit khi arcing hang k-hong 2015

- Dong nhlit diem van SIGMET: Gem dia danh cilia do'n vi ATS va MWO, so thir to va thel kS( hieu lac; - Phan chinh SIGMET: Tin tire lien quan den hien tuong thoi tiet quan trac hay du bao dirge ding voi dts bao dien bi 'en hien tuong trong thei kS7hieu Iirc ban tin.

Hai phAn (tail Chung cho tat ca cac loci SIGMET. Phan thir ba mau va not dung khac nhau. DO la 1) do tai sao, nhang nitic sau trong phan khi tuong dia ba loai dien van SIGMET deu ducre mO to rieng.

5.2.2. MAn SIGMET ,

Ghi chi: Sir dung phan trong dati ngoac vuong — yeu to lu'a chon hoac (lieu kien; va trong day ngoac nhQn < > - the hien cac y&I to khac nhau ma trong (lien van SIGMET thyr to nhan cac gia tri so cy the.

5.2.2.1. D'au dien van WMO: T1T2A1A2ii CCCC YYGGgg [CC,]

5.2.2.2. Nhom T1T2A1A2ii lak3'7hi'eu tap tin cho dien van SIGMET. Nhom nay c6 cdu triic nhu' sau:

Ti T2 KS/ hieu loci so lieu WS - SIGMET cho cac hien tuong tiled tiet ngoai till.

bao nhiet d6i hoac may tro bui niii lira. WC - SIGMET bao nhiet doi. WV - SIGMET tro bui nUi lira.

A1 A2 Ici hieu quOc gia hoac la'nh thO

Theo bang Cl, Phan II, Tap I, Global Aspects (WMO-386)

ii SO cilia tap tin Theo muc 2.3.2.2 Phan II, Tap I, WMO-386

5.2.2.3. CCCC - 1‹.) hieu dia danh ICAO Trung tarn truyen tin phan phat dien van (co the trimg kY hieu dia danh do'n vi MWO).

5.2.2.4. YYGGgg - Nhom ngay/giO; trong do YY la ngdy, GGgg la thOi gian (giO, phut UTC) truyen phat dien van SIGMET (thong thuong thei gian nay do cac Trung tam truyen tin AFTN an dinh).


I

So tay ma luOt khi arcing hang khOng 2015

5.2.2.5. Nhom CC, chi dirge dung khi hieu dinh dien van SIGMET da phat di; 1(3'i tlr thir ba "x" 1(3% hieu la A cho hieu dinh lan dau, 1([ hieu la B cho hieu dinh ran 2, v.v...

Vi du : WSTH31 VTBD 121200 WVJP31 RJTD 010230 WCNG21 AYPY 100600 CCA

5.2.3. Deng thir nhAt diO van SIGMET

CCCC SIGMET [nn] n VALID YYGGgg/YYGGgg CCCC-

5.2.3.1. Y nghia cac nhom trong dOng thir nhat dien van SIGMET nhu sau:

CCCC K3'i hieu dia danh ICAO dm don vi ATS phut vu FIR hoac CTA có SIGMET lien quan

SIGMET Nhan dang dien van [nn] n SO thir tit dien van trong ngdy (xem muc 5.2.3.2) VALID 1(3% hieu thOili hieu lu'c YYGGgg/YYGGgg ThOi k3r hieu luc dm SIGMET gOm nhom ngdy/giO bat dau

va nhom ngdy/gier ket thUc ctia thOi I4• (xem muc 5.2.3.3) CCCC 1()% hieu dia danh ICAO dm don vi MWO lap SIGMET — Mu gach ngang de tach phan dau dien van voi phan sau la

not dung chinh dien van

5.2.3.2. So thir to dien van SIGMET m6i ngdy se bat dau tit 0001 UTC. S6 thir tlx có the tai 3 1()"/ hieu va có the ket hop ca chit va so, nhu:

- 1, 2, ... - 01, 02, ... - A01, A02, ...

Vi du : RPMM SIGMET 3 VALID 121100/121700 RPLL-WSJC SIGMET A04 VALID 202230/210430 WSSS-

Ghi chit 1: Khong nen sir dung cym tit khac nhtr "CHARLIE 05" hock "NR7".

Ghi chit 2: MOt so ntrac trong khu vice, nhtr IJc chang On, sir dyng lion 3 ky,hieu (hai chit' va hai so). Trong truang hop encl. Cie ,co sic khac biet svi nhieu MWO cung cap Bich cho mot FIR va 4 kJ') tie &roc sir dung nhan clang phan FIR co dien van SIGMET da phat hank.


So tay yna lucit khi tupng hang khong 2015

Ghi chit 3: Dinh so this' tu. chinh xac dien van SIGMET la rat quan trong vi so this tu. nay Apr Sir dung de thatn chieiu khi trao dal thong tin lien lac giira ATC va phi tong va trong vide phat VOLMET va D- VOLMET.

5.2.3.3. Ltru y mot so digm sau day khi xtic dinh tho'i 147 1101 life clic" ban tin: - Then k$T hieu luc dia. WS SIGMET khong nen qua 4 gi6; - Then kST hieu ltrc cua WC SIGMET hoac WV SIGMET co the len den 6 gib; - Trong truing hop phat hanh SIGMET cho hien tuvng then fi let quan trac duvc, then gian phat hanh (nhom ngay/then gian trong dau dien van WMO nen triing hoac rat gran vii theYi gian trong nhom ngdy/then gian chi CO ski. bat dau cua then IcSihieu luc dien van SIGMET; - Khi SIGMET phat hanh cho hien arcing du' bao:

* Th6i gian bat dau hieu lttc la thoi gian doan bat dau xay ra hien Wong then tiet nguy hiem trong viing trach nhiem cua don vi MWO;

* Then gian phat hanh SIGMET khong qua 4 giey truck khi ban tin bat dau hieu ltrc (tire Id then gian du' doan xay ra hien Wong then tiet nguy hiem); Rieng den v6i TC, VA SIGMET then gian lap dien van có the trtroc 12 gi6.

5.2.3.4. ThOi IcS/ hieu luc dien van la then ky ma dien van SIGMET có hieu lire truyen phat cho tau bay clang bay.

Vi du: 1. SIGMET cho hien twang quan trac duvc:

WSTH31 VTBD 241120 VTBD SIGMET 3 VALID 241120/241500 VTBD-

2. SIGMET cho hien tuvng dtr bao (lave (du' bao then gian se xay ra lfic 1530):

WSSR20 WSSS 311130 WSJC SIGMET 1 VALID 311530/311930 WSSS-

5.2.4. Cat, true phan khi tuvng cfia dien van WS SIGMET (dOi vol clic hien tuvng thiri tiet khong phai lit TC va VA):

5.2.4.1. Phan khi tuvng trong dien van SIGMET gOin 7 yell to trong bang sau:

Bat dau dont dia. 2 ctla dien van 1 2 3 4 5

Ten MO to Quan trite hoac Vi tri Mtn! bay


So tay ma luCtt kid arcing hang khong 2015

FIR/UIR hoac CTA

hien ttromg

du' bao

<CCCC> <Hien OBS Vi tri dia 1. 7 FL<nnn> hoac <ten>FIR tiro•ng> [AT<GGgg>Z] dm hien FL<nnn/nnn> [CTA] FCST ttro•ng dirlyc hoac

[AT<GGgg>Z] mO to bang toa do

SFC/FL <nnn> hoac [TOP [ABV hoac BLW]] FL<nnn>

Ghi chit BLW chi chroc Ang cho CB

6 7 Di chuyen hoac thy bao di

chuyen Thay dill ciro•ng di)

MOV <htrang, toe di)> K1VIH [KT] hoac STNR

INTSF hoac WKN hoi)c NC

5.2.4.1.1. Ten FIR/UIR hoac CTA

CCCC<ten>FIR [/UIR] hoac CCCC<ten>CTA

1()"/ hieu dia dank ICAO va ten cua FIR/CTA dua ra truo•c, tiep theo la nhom chit tat: FIR, FIR/UIR hodc CTA.

Vi du : VTBB BANGKOK FIR


So tay Ana incit khi tupng hang khong 2015

5.2.4.1.2. Hien Wang thOi ti6t nguy hiem

Hien tuong bao gOm chit tat hien tuong va phan m6 to dinh tinh. SIGMET chi phat hanh cho hien tuong quan trac hoac du bao du'oc duoi day tai cac muc throng dai (khong phan biet do cao): - DOng- neu la OBSC, EMBD, FR() hoac SQL kern hoac khong kern mita da; - Nhieu dOng- chi khi SEV; - Dong bang- chi khi SEV kern hoac khong kern FZRA; - Song nfii- chi khi SEV; - Bao bui- chi khi HVY; - Bao cat- chi khi HVY; - May phong xa- RDOACT CLD.

Cac chit viet tat va )"7 nghia cira cac chit viet duot neu trong Phu tic E cu6n tai lieu huerng (ran lap SIGMET khu vue chau A/Thai Binh Duang (ASIA/PAC Regional SIGMET Guide). Cu the nhu sau:

Hien tuvng Mo to OBSC2 TS EMBD3 TS FRQ4 TS SQL5 TS OBSC TSGR EMBD TSGR FRQ TSGR SQL TSGR

V ngltia Deng bi che khudt Dong bi bao phi' Dong day dac , Deng &rang to DOng bi che khuat kern mua da Dong bi bao phi kern mua da Dong ddy dac kern intra da 'Tong duang to kern mtra dd.

Dong (TS)

Bao (TC) TC (+ ten TC) I3do nhiet dOi (+ ten TC) NhiL dOng (TURB) SEV6 TURB Nhreu dOng manh Dong bang (ICE) SEV ICE

SEV ICE FZRA Dong bang manh Dong bang manh do mua (long ket

Song nfii (MTW) SEV' MTW Song nfii manh Bao bui (DS) HVY DS Bao bui manh Bao cat (SS) HVY SS Bao cat mph Tro bui niii lira (VA) VA (+ Ten nfii lira,

neu biet) Tro bui nfii lira (+ten nfii lira, neu biet)

May phong xa (RDOACT CLD)

RDOACT CLD May phong xa


So tay ma lu "(it khi tup.ng hang khong 2015

Ghi chit:

I. SIGMET chi phat hanh cho cac hien twang thai tiet da &'c e liet ke a tren. 2. Che khuat (OBSC): Dong (ke Ca may CB kW/1g kern &Ong, neu can thiet) bi

khoi, mit kho the khuat hoac khOng the de clang nhin thay do bong tot; 3. Bao phu (EMBD): Dong (ke ca may CB khong kern Bong, neu can thiet) bi bao phu

trong cac lop may va khong the de dang phat hien ra. 4. Day dac (FRQ)- drc la vimg dong hoat clOng tai do có rat it hock khong co str toch biet

giira cac dam dong ben canh vai do the phU khong gian toi da lon hail 75% cna vitng bi anh htrang, hoac du' bao se bi anh huang do hien twang (kg alai diem cu the hoac trong khoang thai kJ) hieu list).

5. Duang to (SQL): Cac darn dOng nam doc theo mot duang co it hoac khong CO kho ang trong giva cac aarn may rieng biet.

6. Nhieu clOng (TURB) manh (SET chi cip dung cho: - Nhieu dOng tang thap kern vai gio be mat manh; - Dong chuyen dOng roi (rotor streaming); - Nhieu clOng trong may hoac nhieu dOng trai trong (CAT) gan clang chay Nhi 7eu dOng duac coi la manh khi chi so curt dat can bac ba he so tan xoay EDR vtrat qua 0,7.

7. Song nut (MTW) throe coi la manh khi van tOc dOng giang 3,0 m/s (600 ft/min) hoac han va/hoac quan trac &roc hay dtr Mo co nhiju dOng manh.

5.2.4.1.3. K)ri hieu hien tucYng la quan trac hoac du bao &roc:

OBS [AT <GGgg>Z] hoac FCST [AT <GGgg>Z]

Quan trac hoac du bao hien Wong thOi tiet nguy hiem dugc ky hieu bang chit viet tat OBS ho4c FCST. Tiep theo sau OBS va FCST la nhorn thoi gian tuy

Neu theo mAu AT

GGggZ, trong do GGgg la thi gian quan trac tai giO va phut UTC. Neu khOng biet chinh xac thai gian quan frac thi khong dua vao ban tin. Khi sir dung thuat ngu FCST, nhOm thai gian chi thai diem du bao bat dau xay ra hien tugng thgi tiet nguy hiem.

Vi du: OBS AT 0140Z FCST AT 0200Z

5.2.4.1.4. Vi tri hien Mang:


So tay 'cit khi ticvng hang khong 2015

Vi tri hien tuong thoi tiet nguy hiem duoc m8 to theo toa do dia ly (vi do \ra kinh do theo de va phut). Cdc don vi MWOs nen c6 gang bao cao vi tri hien Wong cang cu the cang tot, clang theri tranh thong tin dia lY rac rOi khien viec xfr 1Y, nhan biet kho khan. SO ltrong toa do khai bao nen sir dung mire tei thieu va thu8ng khOng qua 7 (bay).

Met so each m3 to vi tri hien tuoug thOng dung nhat nhu sau:

hieu phdn FIR tham chieu theo vi de: N OF holac,S OF <Nnn[nn]> <Snn[nn]>

- I()'T hieu phan FIR tham chieu theo kinh. de: E OF hoac ,W OF <Ennn[nn]> holic <Wnnn[nn]>

- 1()'T hieu phan FIR tham chieu theo vi de va kinh de: Ket hop hai trtromg hop tren

- Vi tri co tham chieu den met clueing (LINE) not 2 diem duoc me to theo vi de/kinh do cUa diem au va diem cuoi.

Me td chi tiet hon vi tri hien tuong cluec neu trong Phis h/cc 6, Phu trot' 3 va Phu lite F cuon tai lieu hueing ddn lap SIGMET khu vtrc chau A/Thai Binh Duong (ASIA/PAC Regional SIGMET Guide).

5.2.4.1.5. Muc bay va pham vi:

FL<nnn> ho4c FL<nnn/nnn> ho4c SFC/FL <nnn> hOc TOP FL<nnn> hol)c [TOP] ABV FL<nnn> hoac [TOP] BLW FL<nnn>

Ghi chit: BLW chi &rev sir dung dOi voi may CB

Vi tri hoac pham vi hien Wong theo phuong th'an.g dimg clugc mO ta, Ip'dng met hoac nhiett chit' viet tat sau day: - Bdo cao mite bay don - FL<nnn> ; - Bdo cao met lop - FL<nnn/nnn>, trong do WC thdp hon duvc bao cao tru8c; each me td nay d4c biet dtroc sir dung khi bao cao hien tuong nhieu deng va (long bang; - Bao cao tir be mat den met nitre bay — SFC/FL<nnn>


So tay ma lucit khi tupng hang khong 2015

- Bao cao mot muc bay hoac mot 16p tham chieu den mot mire bay, sir dung chit tat ABV ho'0.c BLW - Bao cao muc dinh may clOng (TS), sir dung chit tat TOP

Vi du: MBD TS ... TOP ABV FL340 SEV TURB FL180/210 SEV ICE ... BLW FL150 SEV MTW FLO90

5.2.4.1.6. Di chuyen:

MOV <Hu'&ng> <TOc dO > KMH[KT] hoac STNR

Huong di chuy6n dirge mo to tham chieu theo 1 trong 16 hu6ng la ban. TOc do rno to theo KMH hoac KT. Chit via tat STNR dugc sir dung khi du down la khong c6 six di chuyen dang

Vi du: MOV NNW 30KMH MOV E 25KT

5.2.4.1.7. Du bao thay d6i cooing do hien Wong:

Dtx bao sir thay doi ctrOng d6 hien tugng dugc me to bang mot trong cac chit viet tat sau:

INTSF — Manh len WKN — Yeu di NC — KhOng thay dOi

5.2.5. CAtt trtic dien van VA SIGMET:

5.2.5.1. Cu trac chung dien van VA SIGMET theo bang sau:

Bat dau dong thti' 2 ctra dien van


So tay ma lucrt khi tup'ng hang khong 2015

1 2 3 FIR/UIR hoac

CTA Hien tuvng

Ntii lila Quan trac !mac du' bao dtryc may tro bui ntii

lira Ten Vi tri

<CCCC> <ten> FIR [/UIR] [CTA]

VA [ERUPTION] [MT <ten>]

[PSN <vi, kinh de >]

VA CLD OBS AT <GGgg>Z VA CLD FCST AT <GGgg>Z

4 5 Pharr vi cila may Du' bao di chuyen

Thang dirng

Nam ngang VI tri

FL <nnn/nnn>

[APRX <nnn> KM[NM] BY <nnn> KM[NM]]

[<vi, kinh de>

<vi, kinh &_5> - • • •1

MOV <Huong> <Toe de>

6 Du. Wm may tro bui mil hia tai cuili thol kji hieu him

Thei gian du. bao Vi tri FCST<GGgg>Z VA CLD APRX <vi, kinh de> - <vi, kinh de> -...

ENTIRE FIR

ENTIRE CTA

NO VA EXP

5.2.5.2. Ten va vi tri nui Iua va/hoac ky hieu may tro bui nui lira VA:

VA [ERUPTION] [MT <ten>] [PSN <vi, kinh di)>] VA CLD hoac VA CLD

5.2.5.2.1. Me to nui Ida phun bao go'm cac yeti to sau day:


So tay ma luat khi ticong hang khong 2015

-

Chit viet tat dau tien VA — tro bui nui lira;

-

Tir ERUPTION dirge sir dung phat hanh SIGMET khi da biet re; nui lira phun nham thach;

-

Tin tirc ye vi tri/dia 1)2: i. Neu da biet ten nUi lira, nni lira dugc mO to bang chit viet tat MT (mountain),

sau do la ten.

Vi du: MT RABAUL

ii. Vi tri ill:1i lira dugc mo to bang chit viet tat PSN (position), sau dO la vi dO, kinh do theo do va

Vi du: PSN N3520 E09040

- Phan cuei dien van nay la cac chit viet tat VA CLD (may tro bui nni

5.2.5.2.2. Neu FIR bi anh hugng bari may VA nhung khong có tin tire ye nUi phun nham thach tao ra may tro khi dO chi dua chit viet tat VA CLD vao dien van SIGMET.

5.2.5.3. Thei gian quan trac hoac dlx bdo:

VA CLD OBS AT <GGgg>Z ho4c

VA CLD FCST AT <GGgg>Z

Thgi gian quan trac lay tir ngu&I so lieu quan trac: Anh ve tinh, bd.° cdo dac biet tir tau bay, bdo cdo tir tram gidm sat nni lira, v.v...,Neu may VA khong quan trac dugc trong viing FIR nhung da nhan dugc dien van tu van ye tro bui nui lira tit trung tam tu van VAAC có trach nhiem chi ra rang may tro bui nisi lira se anh huong den viing FIR trong 12 gio teri, can phat hanh thong bdo SIGMET va sir dung chit viet tat VA CLD FCST AT <GGgg>Z.

Vi du : VA CLD OBS AT 0100Z VA CLD FCST AT 1200Z

5.2.5.4. Vi tri, muc bay va pham vi may tro bui nisi lira:


So tay ma lurjt khi ttryng hang khOng 2015

Option 1- Vi tri - muc bay

WI<P1(vi, kink di)) — P2(vi, kink dii)- >SFC/FL<nnn> hok FL<nnn/nnn> hoac ENTIRE FIR hok ENTIRE CTA

Option 2- Mile bay - pham vi

FL<nnn/nnn> [APRX <nnn>KM

hok FL<nnn/nnn> [APRX <nnn>NM

hok FL<nnn/nnn> nnKM WID LINE hock FL<nnn/nnn> nnNM WID LINE

BY <nnn>KM] [<P1(vi, kinh do) — P2(vi, kinh

BY <nnn>NM] [<P1(vi, kinh — P2(vi, kinh

BTN <P1(vi, kinh do) — P2(vi, kinh di))- ...>

BTN <P1(vi, kinh di)) — P2(vi, kinh di))- ...>

Ghi chic

Du 2 diem six dung APRX va nhieu flan 2 diem sir dung WID LINE BTN.

WI<P1(vi, kinh di)) — P2(vi, kinh d()) - ... >

Su inO to tuong doi may VA bang mot so diem có toa dO dia 13"T; cac diem se &roc phan biet bang d'au gach ngang

ENTIRE FIR May nui Ida VA anh hu.Ong town bO FIR

SFC/FL<nnn> or FL<nnn/nnn> Lop khi quyen bi may tro bui VA anti Imang dtroc me) td bang 2 mgc bay tir danh gioi muc thap den danh gieri hive cao dia. may

[APRX <nnn>KIVI BY <nnn>KM] hok [APRX <nnn>NM BY <nnn>NMI hok [nnK1VI WID LINE BTN] hock

Pham vi nam ngang Wong dOi cua may tro bui VA tinh bang KM hoac NM; hoac doe theo dtrOng có be rOng xac Binh (WID)


So tay ma ltia't khi tucrng hang khong 2015

[nnNM WID LINE BTN]

Neu may tro bui VA lan rang bao phn nhieu FIR, cac don vi MWO co FIR bi anh huang can phat hanh SIGMET rieng. do, mai dun vi MWO can me to may tro bui nni lira anh hung den viing trach nhiem cna minh. Cdc don vi MWO co gang ma td may min Ida phii hop bang each kiem tra dien van SIGMET nhan duoc tir cac don vi MWO lan can.

Vi du: FL100/180 APRX 10KM BY 50KM NO100 E09530 — N1215 E11045 FL 150/210 S0530 E09300 — NO100 E09530 — N1215 E11045

5.2.5.5. Di chuyen bode du bao di chuyen dm may VA:

MOV <htro'ng> <ttic dO>KMIIIKT] hoac STNR

Hung di chuyen &roc ma to bang chit viet tat MOV — di chuyen, sau do la 1 trong 16 hixerng la ban: N, NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, SSW, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, va NNW. Tac do di chuyen tinh b'ang KMH hots KT.

Vi du: MOV E 35KMH MOV SSW 20KT STNR

5.2.5.6. Du bao vi tri may VA tai cuOi thari ky hieu lire dien van SIGMET:

FCST <GGgg>Z VA CLD APRX <P1(vi, kinh dO) - P2(vi, kinh - >

Nh6m GGggZ chi thari diem ket thnc thai ky hieu lire trong clang dati tien dien van SIGMET. Viec ma to vi tri du bao may tro bui nui lda tir cac diem hinh hoc tao nen hinh dang tuang doi cita may tro bui nin lira. Ngoai ra, cac muc cna hien tuong giir nguyen trong suat thai kST der bac).

Vi du: FCST nnnnZ ENTIRE FIR


So tay in ltOt kid tttong hang khong 2015

FCST nnnnZ ENTIRE CTA

M6 to vi hi du bao may tro bui nal khi viing may tro bui nni lira nay duqc du bdo se m6 r6ng ra bao phu town b6 FIR hoac CIA.

FCST nnnnZ NO VA EXP

Mo to vi tri dir bao may tro bui niii lira khi viing may tro bui nui lira nay duvc du kien se di ra khoi FIR hoan town.

5.2.5.7. Khi phan b6 huong gio theo chieu cao cho thay tai cac 16p d6 cao khdc nhau may tro bui VA phat tan theo chieu ngang theo cac Mrang khac nhau thi c6 the mo to may VA bang nhieu lop; cac lop khdc nhau dugc chi ITO bang cac muc bay theo mau FL<nnn/nnn>.

5.2.6. CAu true phAn khi ttnyng cua dien van TC SIGMET:

5.2.6.1. Cau true chung phan khi Wong dien van TC SIGMET nhtr bang sau day:

Bcit d&u clang Mir 2 cua di0 van

1 2 3 4 FIR/UIR hoi.ic

CTA Ten TC Quan triic duvc hay du' bac)

Vi tri tam TC

Pham vi Thai gian

<CCCC> <ten> FIR [/UIR][CTA]

TC <Ten>

OBS AT<GGgg>Z [FCST] AT<GGgg>Z

<vi, kinh d6>

CB TOP [ABV hoac BLW] FL<nnn> WI<nnn>KM[NM] OF CENTRE

5 6 7 Dir bao di chuyen Thay dal cuifng dO Du• bac) vi tri tam tai thoi

diem cuoi thoi ky hien Ityc


MOV <huang> <tOc de)>KMH[KT] hoac STNR

INTSF hoac WKN hoac NC

FCST <GGgg>Z TC CENTRE <vi 0, kinh 4>

So tay ma luCtt khi ttrang hang khong 2015

5.2.6.2. Ten bao nhiet TC <ten>

Mo to bao nhiet doi bao gom chic viet tat TC, sau do la ten quOc t6 bao nhiet deri theo quy dinh cua WMO RSMC. Neu du bao xody thuan se manh len thanh TC, nhung TC chua duac dat ten tai thai diem phat hanh du bao, NN dirge sir dung cho ten TC. Viec sir dung NN (thay cho NIL) de tranh nham ran cho nguai sir dung.

Vi du: TC GLORIA TC 04B TC NN

5.2.6.3. Thai gian quan trac hoac dlr bao:

OBS AT <GGgg>Z hoac FCST AT <GGgg>Z

Thai gian theo UTC throe mo to theo gia va phut, sau do la ky hieu Z. Thong thuang thai gian nay duac lay theo thai gian quan trac cua chinh don vi MWO hoac theo dien van to van TC nhan dirge to trung tam TCAC co trach nhiem. Neu chua quan trac dime TC trong FIR nhung dien van to van bao nhiet doi nhan dirge tn trong tam TCAC có trach nhiem hoac theo bat cir du. bao TC nao khac cna don vi MWO chi ra rang TC se anh huang vao FIR trong 12 gia tai thi can Oat hanh SIGMET, va khi dO sir dung chit viet tat FCST AT <GGgg>Z.

Vi du: OBS AT 2330Z FCST AT 0900Z

5.2.6.4. Vi tri cua tam TC: <location>

Vi tri cna tarn TC duoc rno to bang toa de) dia 1)i (vi 0, kinh 0) theo do va phut.


So tay ma luat khi tu'vng hang khong 2015

Vi du: N1535 E14230

5.2.6.5. Pham vi theo phtrong thang dung va phuong nam ngang cita may CB hinh thanh bao quanh tam TC:

CB TOP [ABV or BLWI <FLnnn> WI <nnnKM or nnnNM> OF CENTRE

Vi du: CB TOP ABV FL450 WI 200NM OF CENTRE CB TOP FL500 WI 250KM OF CENTRE

5.2.6.6. Di chuyen hoac dir bao di chuyen:

MOV <hu*ng> <t6c d > KIVIII[KTI ho4c STNR

HuOng di chuyen dirge m'a to tham chieu theo 1 trong 16 huong la ban. Tec do tinh theo KMH hoac KT. Neu du bao bao di chuyen khOng clang ke thi sir dung chir tat STNR.

Vi du: MOV NNW 30KMH MOV E 25KT

5.2.6.7. Thay dOi cueyng

Dix bao thay dOi ctreyng dO xoay thuan nhiet dOi dtroc 1()"7 hieu bang mot trong nhirng chit viet tat sau day:

INTSF — Manh len WKN — y6u di NC — KhOng thay doi

5.2.6.8. Du bao vi tri tam TC tai cuOi then Icii• hieu luc cua dien van SIGMET:

FCST <GGgg>Z TC CENTRE <vi tri>


So tay ma lucjt khi arceng hang khong 2015

ThongthuOng thai gian GGggZ se trUng voi thai diem cuOi thOi ky hieu hxc &roc chi ro tai (long dau tien cua dien van SIGMET. Vi thai ky hieu hrc ban tin len te(i 6 gier (thong thuaeng 6 gie), nen day la du bac) 6 giO, cUa vi tri tarn TC.

Vi tri tam TC duqc me to bang toa de vi do, kinh de theo quy t"ac chung bao cao thong tin vi de, kinh de nhu trong Phu lye F cuen tai lieu htrOng dan lap SIGMET khu vgc chau A/Thai Binh Ducmg (ASIA/PAC Regional SIGMET Guide).

Vi du:

FCST 1200Z TC CENTRE N1430 E12800

5.2.7. SIGMET tiny: 5.2.7.1. Neu trong th&i ky hieu li,rc SIGMET, hien Wong then tiet ket thuc hoc dtr bao ket thUc, SIGMET can phai 114 bed don vi MWO phat hanh SIGMET do. Viec huy SIGMET duqc thgc hien bang viec phat hanh met SIGMET ding Ioai vdi cau true nhu sau: - Dau dien WMO ding ky hieu loci dien van; - Thad ky hieu hrc d clang thin nhat la thoi ky hieu luc con lai cna ban tin gee; - Dong thin 2 gem ten FIR hoc CTA, to hop CNL SIGMET, sau do la so thd tax dien van g6c SIGMET va thai ky hieu hxc cUa no.

Vi du:

1. Dien van WS hoc WC SIGMET huy:

WSXY31 YUSO 101200 YUDD SIGMET 5 VALID 101200/101600 YUSO-YUDD SHANLON FIR ...

SIGMET huy:

WSXY31 YUSO 101430 YUDD SIGMET 6 VALID 101430/101600 YUSO- YUDD SHANLON FIR CNL SIGMET 5 101200/101600=

2. HUy dien van VA SIGMET:

WVXY31 YUSO 131518 YUDD SIGMET 03 VALID 131515/132115 YUSO-


So tay ma kit khi tuong hang khong 2015

YUDD SHANLON FIR ...

SIGMET huy:

WVXY31 YUSO 132000 YUDD SIGMET 04 VALID 132000/132115 YUSO- YUDD SHANLON FIR CNL SIGMET' 03 13151500/132115=

Hodc, trong trueng hgp may tro bui nui lira di chuyen sang FIR lan can:

WVXY31 YUSO 132000 YUDD SIGMET 04 VALID 132000/132115 YUSO- YUDD SHANLON FIR CNL SIGMET 03 13151500/132115 VA MOV TO YUDO FIR=

5.2.8. Thong tin lien lcie:

5.2.8.1. Dien van SIGMET la met phan dm tin tirc khi tugng khai thac (OPMET). Theo Phu tree 3 cac phuGng tien thong tin vien thong dugc sir dung de trao dei tin tdc khi tuvng khai thac phai la dich vu thong tin Hang khOng ce dinh (AFS).

5.2.8.2. Dich vu AFS bao gem hai cong dodn, AFTN, hodc ATN (AMHS) va cong dodn ve tinh bao gem phat ve tinh SADIS do UK cung cap. Chit )'T rang de uu tien dien van SIGMETk)r7hieu la FF cho cac dien van an town bay (Phu ugc 10 Tap II, 4.4.1.1.3).

5.2.8.3. Hien tdi, cac don vi MWOs sir dung AFTN de giri cac dien van SIGMETs nhu sau:

- Sir dung dia chi AFTN gui true tiep cac dien van SIGMET cho cac don vi MWO va cac don vi ACC ran can;

- Gin SIGMET cho cac Trung tam lien quan den cung cap dich vu VOLMET khi duoc yeu cau cho VOLMET hodc D-VOLMET;

SIGMET cho tat ca cac ngan hang OPMET khu vue (RODB); - Chuyen cac dien van SIGMET theo quy dinh cho nha cung cap SADIS de phan

phat bang ve tinh va cho nha cung cap dich vu WIFS va Secure SADIS FTP de cung cap du lieu qua mdng Internet cong cong, cung nhu chuyen den cac trung


So tay ma ludt khi ttrvng hang khong 2015

tam WAFC London va. Washington theo ke hoach ROBEX hoac true tiep do cac dun vi MWO phat hanh. SIGMET ve tro bui nui Ina nen dugc phan phat den trung tam VAAC c6 trach nhiem.

5.2.8.4. Thong qua cac, he thong SADIS 2G/Secure SADIS FTP va WIFS, cac dien van SIGMET truyen cho tat ca cac dei tugng dugc phep sir dung. Theo each nay, so lieu SIGMET san cc') tren co. ban toan cau, dap Ung yeu cau hang khong.

* Ghi chfi: Doi voi viec phan phat nay SIGMET cluvc yeu cau san co tai cac clan vi ACC de chuyen phat len cho tau bay clang bay trong ly clwang bay se bay cl'n twang fing vori hai gio' bay.

* Ghi chfi: De tranh trung l5p cac dien van tu' van cluvc tinh vao phan tich thU nghiem TC va VA SIGMET, chi cac dien van FK va FV nhOn cluzyc bZing AFTN (khong qua GTS va WAFS) la cltro'c tinh de phan tich.

5.3. Thong ban AIRMET

5.3.1. Khai gnat

5.3.1.1. Theo hiep tree khOng van khu vgc, don vi Canh bao thei tiet (MWO) se phat hanh thong bac, AIRMET de dam bao holt deng khong luu dui mire , bay FL100. Thong bao AIRMET mo ngan gon ai,dang minh chit viet tat lien quan den sir xay ra va/hoac dg bao xay ra hien tugng thei tiet nguy hiem tren dueng bay, anh hung den de an man cac chuyen bay tang thap va sir Oat trien nhang hien tugng thei tiet d6 theo khOng gian va thei gian.

5.3.1.2. Thong bao AIRMET dtrock)% hieu met trong cac hien tugng duoi day: Tai mire bay bang duari FL100 (hoac duei FL150 o viing nui, hoac cao holt khi can

thiet):

a) TOc dO gio be mat:

- Tec de gio be mat trung binh SFC WSPD (+tee do gio va dun vi tren dien reng tren 15m/s (30kt): do).

b) Tam nhin be mat:


So tay in luclt lchi arong hang khong 2015

- Tam nhin giam duei 5000M tren dien reng, gem ca hien tuong thai tiet gay gram tam nhin.

c) Ming:

- Deng dec lap khong kern mua

- Deng rdi rde khong kern mua - Deng dee lap kern mua - Deng rai rac kem mua

d) Nui bi bao phii:

- Ndi bi bao phu mil mit:

e) Mfiy:

- Tren dien reng nhieu may c6 le hong xen ke (BKN) hoac day may (CNC) c6 do cao chan may, duei 300m (1000FT) so v6i mat dat:

+ Nhiert may c6 le hong xen ke (che phi' 5/8-7/8 bau trei):

+ Day may (che phu 8/8 bat' trei):

- May CB khong kern (long voi: + Dec lap: + Rai rdc: + Day dae:

- May Cu hinh thdp (TCU) voi: + Dee lap: + Rai rde:

SEC VIS (+tdm nhin) (+met hoac ket hop cac hien Wong thei tiet sau day: BR, DS, DU, DZ, FC, FG, FU, GR, GS, HZ, PL, PO, RA, SA, SG, SN, SQ, SS, hoac VA).

[SOL TS

OCNL TS ISOL TSGR OCNL TSGR

MT OBSC

BKN CLD (+de cao chan may, dinh may va den vi do).

OVC CLD (+de cao chan may, dinh may va don vi do).

ISOL CB OCNL CB FRQ CB


So tay ma luat khi ttrong hang khong 2015

+ Day dac: ISOL TCU OCNL TCU FRQ TCU

f) Bong bang:

- Dong bang cuang do vita (trir MOD ICE dong bang trong may dai luu).

g) Nhieu deing:

- Nhiju dOng ctrang do vita (trir MOD TURB nhleu dOng trong may dal luu).

h) Song mil:

- Song nui cuang de, vita: MOD MTW

5.3.1.3. Thong bao AIRMET se khong china dung nhitng to lieu mo to khong can thiet. Khi mo ta. hien Wang thai tiet trong dien van AIRMET khong ma to bo sung nhtIng tit ngfix ngodi quy dinh,trong Mlle 5.3.1.2 neu tren. Thong bao AIRMET lien quan den clang hoac may CB se khong de Op den hien Wang nhieu &Ong va clang bang.

5.3.1.4. Thai gian hieu luc cUa dien van AIRMET khOng qua 4 gia.

5.3.1.5. ThOng bao AIRMET duac huY khi hien tuang thai tiet ket thik hoac du bao ket thitc trong viing trach nhiem ctia MWO.

5.3.2. Bien van AIRMET bao gOm nhcrng tin tire, ky hie;u theo trinh tkr nhu' sau:

a) KY hieu dia dank ICAO don vi khong luu phuc vu FIR hoac ACC ma dien van AIRMET dap 1:rng.

Vi du : VVNB VVTS

b) Ky hieu dien van va so aid tit dien van: SO thir tit dien van AIRMET phat hanh cho FIR duac tinh tit 0001UTC cua ngdy lien quail (Khi dun vi MWO (Min nhc:In troth


So tay ma luclt khi tupvg hang khOng 2015

nhiem nhieu FIR thi MWO ph& lap va phat hanh dien van AIRMET torch rieng cho timg FIR).

Vi du: AIRMET 2

c) Nh6m ngay - th6i gian 1(32 hieu thei ky hieu 1.rc ban tin theo gio UTC (Thuat ngir "VALID" ki; hieu thth kj) hieu ellen van AIRMET. Thai ky hieu lur dien van AIRMET khong qua 4 gi6).

Vi du: VALID 221215/221600

d) Ky hieu dia danh,da n vi Canh,bao theri tiet (MWO) lap dien van g6c, tiep sau d6 la dau gach ngang d torch phan dau dien voi not dung chinh ban tin.

Vi du: VVGL—

e) Trong (long tiep theo la ky hieu dia danh ten viing thong bao bay (FIR) c6 dien van AIRMET phat hanh.

Vi du: HOCHIMINH FIR

f) Hien tuvng thei tiet va me to hien tuvng thai tiet phat hanh trong dien van AIRMET (theo quy trO.c tai muc 5.3.1.2. neu tren).

Vi MOD MTW

g) Ky hieu la quan trac hoac du. bao: Sir dung chit vi& tat "OBS [AT nnnnZ]" quan trac tai UTC, hoac sir dung chit. viet tat "FCST [AT nnnnZ]" du bao tai UTC.

Vi du: OBS AT 12102 FCST AT 1815Z

h) Vi tri (vi do, kinh do (theo d6 va philt)).

Vi N48 E010 N OF N1515 AND W OF E13530

i) Muc bay hoac d6 cao va pham vi dm hien Wong thefi tiet nguy hiem.


So tay ma lu -cjt khi tup.ng hang khong 2015

Vi du: FLO50/080 SFC/FLO70 TOP ABV FL100

j) Di chuyen hoac dtr down di chuyen (huang va tee dO) tham chieu theo mgt trong 16 hung la ban vgi toe deg KMH hoac KT, hoac khong di chuyen.

Vi du: MOV E 40KMH (MOV E 20KT) STNR

k) Du bao thay doi cugng dc): Ma to cugng dg hien Wong Su' dung mgt trong cac chit viet tat "INTSF — manh len" hoac "WKN — yeu di" hoac "NC — khong thay dOi".

Vi WKN

1) HUy dien van AIRMET: Dien van AIRMET see dugc huST khi hien tugng theei ti6t k6t thUc hoac du bao ket thdc trong viing trach nhiem cua MWO.

Vi du: CNL AIRMET 151520/151800

Vi du dien van AIRMET &Hifi chink:

VVNB AIRMET 2 VALID 221215/221600 VVGL- HANOI FIR MOD MTW OBS AT 1205Z AND FCST N20 E105 FLO80 STNR NC.

5.3.3. Bang matt lap dien van AIRMET: Ap dung theo Bang A6-1 (trong Phan II, Tap II, WMO-No 49 tai ban 2013), dugc gim thieu trong Phu

luc — Bang mau lap dien van AIRMET.

5.3.4. Trao d6i dien van AIRMET

Dien van AIRMET dugc phan pha den cac don vi MWO trong cac viing FIR Ian can va cho cac MWO khac hoac cac don vi khi tugng san bay (AMO) do nha chirc trach khi tuong lien quan guy dinh.


So toy Ind luat khi tup.ng hang khong 2015

- Dien van AIRMET dugc phan phat den cac ngan hang cid lieu khi tugng khai thac qu6c to va cac trung tarn theo th6a thuan khong van khu vgc da an dinh dap img cho khai thac he thOng phan phat bang ve tinh Bich vii ce dinh hang khong. - Dien van AIRMET dime phan phat kip th6i den cac don vi Khong luu phuc vu FIR; cac nha khai thac va cac dOi Wong sir dung khac lien quan theo quy dinh.

5.3.5. Chi tieu cac hien tuvng lien quan phat hanh dien van AIRMET:

5.3.5.1. rieng (long va may CB la -vent xet khi:

a) Che khuat (OBSC)- tirc la viing dong va may CB bi the khuat do mit khO (haze) hoac khoi (smoke) hoac khong the nhin thay de clang do bong toi;

b) Bao phii (EMBD)- tirc la viing dong va may CB bi bao phir trong cac 16p may va khong the d6 clang n.han ra;

c) Doc lap (ISOL)- tirc la vimg dong va may CB rieng biet c6 do bao phu khong gian toi da nho lion 50% cua khu vu'c bi anh huong, hoac du bao se bi anh hung do hien tugng (tai thai diem cu the hoac trong khoang th6i gian co hieu luc);

d) Rai rac (OCNL)- tirc Id viing dOng va may CB duqc phan tach r6 rang c6 do bao phu khong gian toi da nam Oda 50% va 70% dm khu vuc bi anh htrong, hoac du bao se bi anh huerng do hien arcing (tai thoi diem cu the hoac trong khoang thai gian có hieu lire).

e) Way dac (FRQ)- tirc la viing dOng hoat clOng tai d6 c6 rat it hoac khong có sir tach biet gifra cac darn clang ben canh c6 dO bao phi khOng gian toi da chiem hop 75% cua khu vue bi anh haring, hoac du bao se bi anh twang do hien Wong (tai th6i diem cu the hoac trong khoang th6i gian c6 hieu lure).

Throng to (SQL)- tirc la cac dam may dOng keo doc theo mot dtremg c6 it hoac khOng c6 khoang trong gifra cac darn may rieng biet.

g) Mira da (Hail-GR)- (lucre sir dung de mO to them cho dam may &Ong, khi can thiet.

h) Nhieu thing có ciro'ng do manh (SEV) va vira (MOD) chi lien quan: - Nhieu dOng tang thap kem gib be mat manh; - Dong chuyen dOng rei; hoac


So tay ma incjt khi tup-ng hang k-hong 2015

Nhieu dOng trong may hoac trong trod trong, (CAT) gdn cac deng chdy xiet. Nhieu dOng khOng duqc dung khi de cap den may doi luu.

• Nhieu dOng dwuc xem là:

a) Manh- khi chi so cuc dai can bac ba he so tan xoay EDR yuot qua 0,7; ya

b) khi tri so cgc dai tan xoay (EDR) tren 0,4 ya dtre'i hoac bang 0,7.

Dong hang (ICE) có cu6ng do mph va vira nen tham chieu them dOng bang trong may dOi luu. Mud. &Ong ket (FZRA) nen tham chieu den cac dieu kien &mg bang manh gay ra mua clang ket.

• Song nal (MTW) dtro'c xem a) Manh- khi clang giang la 3.0 m/s (600 ft/min) hoac yalhoac nhieu dOng manh la quan trac hoac der bao &lye; ya

b) khi d6ng giang ld 1.75-3.0 m/s (350-600 ft/min) ya/hoac nhieu dOng vim la quan trac hoac dix bao duqc.

• Boo cc t/beto bui du'o'c xem là:

a) Manh- khi tam nhin dui 200 m ya bdu tr6i bi mu mit; va

b) khi tam nhin Id: i) Duai 200 m ya bau troi khong bi mu mit; hoac ii) Gifra 200 m ya. 600 m.

5.4. Canh bao thoi tiet sail bay

5.4.1. Muc dich canh bao th6i tiet san bay Id thong bao tom tat dui clang minh ye dieu kien khi tuvng có the anh huong den tau bay tren dat bao gom tau bay dang dO va cac phuang tien phuc vu san bay.

5.4.2. Ban tin canh bao th6i tiet san bay lien quan den sty xuat hien hoac du kien xay ra cua mot hoac nhieu hien tu'gng sau day:


So tay ma htOt khi twing hang khong 2015

- Xody thuin nhiet dgi (khi toe de gip be mat trong binh 10 ph6t tai san bay dupe du bao la 17m/s (34 kt) hoac lion; - Deng; - Mua da, - Tuyet (du bac) duce hoac quan trac dugc tuyet roi); - Mua clang ket; - Hat bang trong hoac due; - Bib cat; - Bao bui, - Cat hoac bui cuon len; - Cii6 be mat manh va giit; - TO; - Bang gia; - Tro bui nUi lira;

-

Song than;

-

Tro bui nui lira lang dong (volcanic ash deposition);

-

Dec to hoa hoc;

-

Nhitng hien tugng khac theo quy dinh dia phtrang.

Canh bao thOi tiet san bay do don vi khi tugng sin bay cung cap cho san bay do, va phat hanh phit hop v6i mau trong Bing A6-2 tOi cac nha khai tilde hoac dich vu san bay va cac dpi tugng sir dung khac lien quan theo quy dinh co so'.

, S6 thir to cap trong Bang A6-2 phai Wang irng vol so ban tin canh bao thei tiet san bay di phat hanh ke tir 0001 UTC cua ngay lien quan.

Viec sir dung be sung nei dung (text) ban tin bang cac chit via tat liet ke trong mau Bang A6-2 nen (lucre giu o' mire thieu. Nei dung (text) b6 sung dupe lip,dugi clang minh ngil sir dung cac gia tri so va chit vitt tat di dugc ICAO phe chuan. Neu khong co san nhang chit vitt tat do ICAO phe chuan, ngOn ng,ir tieng Anh don gian nen dugc sir dung.

5.4.3. Canh bao thei tiet san bay gilm nhfing tin tic, ky hieu theo trinh tty nhtr sau:

a) Ky hieu dia danh sin bay. Vi du: VVNB1

b) Loai dien van va so thir to dien van. Vi du: AD WRNG 2


So tay ma lucit khi tupng hang khong 2015

c) Ngdy va th6i gian hieu lrc theo UTC. VI du: VALID 211230/211530

d) Hien tugng va mo to hien Wong la nguyen nhan de phat hanh earth bdo th6i tiet san bay.

Vi du: SFC WSPD 20MPS MAX 30

e) Hien tugng quan trac hoac du bao dugc. Vi du: OBS AT 1200Z

f) Du doan thay dOi cuemg de (dung thuat ngir INTSF or WKN or NC). Vi du: WKN

g) Hoac

h) HUy ban tin canh bao tiled tiet san bay. Vi du: CNL AD WRNG 2 211230/2115306

5.4.4. Bang man lap ban tin canh bao thoi tiet sari bay: Ap dung theo Bang A6-2 (trong Phan H, Tap II, WMO-No 49 tai ban 2013), dugc gi6i thieu trong Phu luc — Bang mau lap ban tin canh bao th6i tiet san bay.

5.4.5. Chi tieu dinh lacing de earth bao thoi tiet san bay: Khi yeu cau chi tieu dinh lacing de phat hanh canh bao theri tiet san bay, vi du nhu du. doan tOc gio cuc dui hoac doan tong lugng tuyet raj, nhimg chi tieu nay dugc thiet lap do six th6a thuan gifra co' quan khi tugng san bay v6i cac doi tugng sir dung canh bao thoi tiet san bay.

5.5. Garth bao hien tuiyng gio dirt tang thap

5.5.1. Gio,dirt dugc coi nguyen nhan hoac nhan to phi' gay ra met so lagng yeu tau bay tai nan. Can thiet phai lam bO sung cung cap "thOng bao phu" canh bao hien tieing gi6 dirt thong qua don vi khong ltru, qua d6 phi cong biet dugc, ton tai hoac du doan six ton tai cua hien Wong quan trong nay trong theri diem thich hgp nhat.

5.5.2. Phat hien gi6 dirt: Gio dirt doe theo duemg tiep can va duemg cat canh trong tire th6i, khOng the quan trac thoa man tix mat dat. Bang chimg ye su ton tai ciia hien Wong gi6 dirt dugc Oat hien tir: (a) Tren mat dat-Thiet bi cam bien do gio dirt tir xa, vi du: Radar Doppler;


So lay ma 1w:it khi tupng hang khong 2015

(b) Iron mat dat-Thiet bi phat hien gi6 dirt, vi thOng cac cam bien do gi6 be mat va/hoac khi ap nam trong he thOng giam sat cu the mot &rang cat ha canh hoac cac duOng cat ha canh ket hop voi vet bay cat canh va vet bay tiep can; (c) Tau bay quan trac trong giai doan cat can't lay dO cao hoac tiep can ha canh duoc thgc hien bao cao theo quy dinh, 110c; (d) Cac thOng tin khi Wong khac, vi Ti cac dau do cam bien ttrung img dat tren cac cot hoac choi cao trong vimg lan can dm san bay hoac gan go dat cao.

Ghi chit: Dieu kien gi6 dirt thong thuOng lien quan nhirng hien tucmg sau:

- DOng, vi no (microbursts), voi rOng (tornado or waterspout) va giat do fronts (gust fronts); - Front lanh hoac nong; - Gio be mat manh ket hop voi yeu to dia hinh; - Fronts gi6 Nen — dat lien; - Song niti (gam ca chuyen dOng roi tang thap trong khu vu.c trung tan); - Lop nghich nhiet tang thap.

5.5.3. Muc tieu cua earth bao hien Wong gio dirt la dua ra thong bao ngan gon ye thuc trang quan trac hoac dux doan hien tugng gio dirt ton tai c6 the anh hung den tau bay trong giai doan tiep can ha canh hoac cat canh gifta muc &Yong cat ha canh va dO cao 500m (1600FT) so voi muc nay, hoac cao hon tai not c6 dieu kien dia hinh sinh ra gi6 dirt 6. do cao nhat. Canh bao nay do don vi khi tuong san bay lap va cling cap cho cac dich vu cho san bay lid dugc truyen di phi' hop ved thod thuan cua co so ding vOi don vi Khong luu Wang ung va cac dOi tuong khai thac sir dung lien quan.

5.5.4. HUy ban tin canh bao gio dirt khi bao cao to tau bay dugc xac dinh rang hien tugng gio dirt khOng keo dai. Chi tieu huY canh bao hien Wong gio dirt nen duoc xac dinh cho timg san bay theo quy dinh gifra co quan Khi tugng voi co quan KhOng luu tuang Ong va cac doi Wong khai thac sir dung lien quan.

5.5.5. Man bieu hip ban tin can't bac) hien tu.cmg gio dirt tang thAp:

Ghi chit: Tin tic ve hien tuong gio dirt cling duct dua vao nhu thOng tin b6 sung trong cac bao cao thuong le va dac biet sir dung tai san bay va trong ban tin METAR va SPEC1 theo mau bang A3-1 va A3-2, Appendix 3 trong tai lieu WMO-NO.49.

5.5.5.1. Ban tin canh bao hien Wong gio dirt dugc phat hanh phi hop theo mau bieu tai Bang A6-3 va se duoc phan phat di phi' hop voi quy dinh cua co s6..


So tay ma luc:it khi ttrcing hang khong 2015

5.5.5.2 SO thir ttx de cap trong Mau bieu Bang A6-3 phai Wang irng vdri so ban tin canh bac) hien tuong gig dirt da phat hanh cho san bay Ice tir 0001 UTC cua ngdy lien quan.

5.5.5.3 Canh bao gi6 dirt se dtroc truyen phat di tir cac thiet bi phat hien gig dirt, hoac cac thiL bi cam bi6n tilt xa do gi6 dirt dat tren mat dat, tilt Ong canh bao phn hop vai quy dinh dm co sot.

5.5.5.4 Khi hien tuong vi no (microbursts) dirge TO lai quan trac bao cao hoac dugc phat hien bang cac thiet bi phat hien gig dirt hoac cac thiet bi cam bie'n tir xa do gig dirt dat tren mat dat, ban tin canh bao se de cap cu the den microburst.

5.5.5.5. Truerng hop tin tirc tilt thiL bi phat hien gig dirt hoac tir thi6t bi cam Nen tit xa do gi6 dirt dat tren mat dat &roc dung de, lap ban tin canh bao gig dirt, canh bao neu cg the de cap cp,the cac phan khu dueyng cat ha canh va cp ly doc theo vet bay tiep can hoac vet bay cat canh nhu da quy dinh gifia co quan khi tuong, co quan ATS tucmg irng va cac nha khai tithe lien quan.

5.5.5.6. Canh bao hien ttrong gio dirt gOm nhiing tin tire, 4 hieu theo trinh hr sau:

a) Ky hieu dila danh san bay. VI du: VVNB1

b) Loai dien van va so thir to dien van. Vi du: WS WRNG 1

c) Ngdy, gilt phat hanh theo UTC va theiikS/ hieu 'pc khi xac dinh. Vi du: 211230 VALID TL 211330

221200 VALID 221215/221315

d) Hien Wong va vi tri dm hien Wong. Vi du: WS APCH RWY11

MOD WS RWY29 WS IN CLIMB-OUT MBST APCH RWY29 MBST IN CLIMB-OUT

e) Hien Wong quan trac hoac dtr bao &roc. Vi du: REP AT 1510 B747

OBS AT 1205


So tay luclt khi arcing hang khong 2015

f) MO to hien Mang Id nguyen nhin phat hanh canh bao gio &rt. VI du: SFC WIND: 320/5MPS

60M-WIND: 360/I3MPS (SFC WIND: 320/10KT 200FT-WIND: 360/26KT)

60KMH LOSS 4KM FNA RWY13 (30KT LOSS 2NM FNA RWY13)

g) Ho:ac

h) Huy ban tin canh bac) hien tuang gio dirt.

Vi du: CNL WS WRNG 1 211230/2113303

Phy. laic 1: Dai do cac yen to lchi ttrollg

1) Bang A3-4 Phu trere 3 ICAO ap dung cho ban tin MET REPORT/SPECIAL MET REPORT

Yen to Dal do DO Olin iai Duang CHC 01-36 01 Huang gio Da thgc 010-360 10 Tee de) gio MPS 1-99 1

KT 1-199 1 T'am nhin M 0-750 50

M 800-4900 100 KM 5-9 1 KM 10- 0 (10KM la so

cuoi ) Tam nhin &rang CHC (RVR) M 0-375 25

M 400-750 50


So tay ma luat khi arcing hang khong 2015

M 800-2000 100 Tam nhin Mang dirng M 0-75 15

M 90-600 30 FT 0-250 50 FT 300-2000 100

IN cao chan may M 0-75 15 M 90-3000 30 FT 0-250 50 FT 300-10000 100

Nhiet dO/diem strung °C -80 - +60 1

Khi dp mktc bien/mgc tram hPa 0500 — 1 100 1 QNH/QFE

2) 13Ang A3-5.Phu infic 3 ICAO Ai) dung cho ban tin METAR vA SPECI

DO thuc

x±e_u Dun CHC Htrong gio

Dal do 01 — 36

000 — 360

Toc do gio MPS

KT

M

M

M

M

00 — 399*

00— 199*

0000 —0750

800- 4900

5 000 — 9 000

10000

50 100 1000 0( 9999

'ram nhin dung CHC (RVR):

M

tarnnhin_tha. n'" 2_ &m a: 30's M (100's FT) Deo chan may 30's M (100's FT)

0000 — 0375 0400 — 0750

0800 - 2 000

00a- 020

000 — 100

25

50

100

1


01 — 36: 88: 99 0 —9

1. 00 — 92 —

00 — 95:

So lay ma lucit khi tuvng hang khong 2015

Nhiet do/Diem suong oc 1-80 — +60

ONH: hPa 0850 — 1 100 Nhie~do be mat nu& hien °C x-10+40 -- Trang thai hien 0 — 9

1

1

1

Trang thai duerng CHC

KAr( hieu duerna CHC Duerna C_H_C bi hao ahn Pham nhn

day baoDhu He so ma sat

3) Bang A5-3. Phu trov 3 ICAO ap dung cho ban tin du' bao TAF

Yeu to Dai do _ffixon_a_aio DO 000 — 360 T6c do gio 00 — 99

M 00 — 199

Tam nhin M 0000 — 0750

M 0800 — 4900

M 5 000 — 9 000 10000

DO phan

10 1 1

50 100 1 000 0(9999)

Tarn_nhin_thang dirna_ 30s_M (100's FT) 000_- 020 1 DO cao chan_mav , 30's M (100's I'D 000 — 100 1 Nhiet dO toic_ao/than °C —80_— +60 L

Bang A6-4. Phu tare 3 ICAO ap dung trong din van ttr,van FV, FK va SIGMET/AIRMET, canh bao sin bay va hien ttrung giO clot tang thap

r

M

FT

Dili do

000 — 8 100 000 — 27 000

DO phan giai

Yeu to

Muc cao


So tay ma lucit khi tuvng hang khong 2015

VA SO to van: 000 — 2 000 (index) 00 — 99 1

TC Gio cuc dai MPS 00 — 399

KT 00 — 199

an vfina__tam __Khi hPa 850 — 1 050 1 roc dO gio be mat 60 — 199

M 30 — 99 1

Tam nhin ngang M 0000 — 0750 50

M 0800 — 5 000 100

DO cao chart may 000 — 300 30 M 000 — 1 000 100

DO cao dinh may 000 — 2970 30 M 3 000 — 20 300

000 100

M 000 — 9900 1 000 10 000 — 60

Kinh dO O 00 — 90 1 (degrees) 00 — 60 (minutes)

Vi dO 0 000 — 180 1 (degrees)

iinutes 00 — 60 1

Mgc bay 000 — 650 10

Di chuyen KMH 0 — 300 10

KT 0— 150 5

Phu loc 2: Bang yeu can dO chinh xac quan trac cac yi"u to khi twong

Yeu to quan trac DO chinh xac mong muon Gi6 mat dat Hoeing: + 100

TOc dO: 1- lOkt ± 0.5m/s (lkt) ± 10% khi ff >10kt


So tay luc:it /chi tuong hang khong 2015

T'am nhin ngang 01 - 600in ± 50m 600m- 1 500m ± 10%

>1 500m + 20% TAm nhin &long CI-IC 01 - 400m + 10m

400m- 800m + 25m > 800m ± 10%

Luang may ± 1/8 DO cao may 1 (33ft) — 100m (330ft) ± 10m

>100m (330ft) + 10% Nhiet dO/nhiet dO diem

sung ± 1°C

Khi ap + 0.5hPa

Phu luc 3: Bang yen cau do chinh xac bao cac yen to khi ttrung, hien ttrong thoi tiet

Yen to du' bat) Sai so cho pile') TAF

DO chinh xac

Huang gio 1 20° 80% Toe dO gi6 + 2.5 m/s (5kt) 80%

T'am nhin ngang - Om-800m + 200m - 800m — 10km + 30%

80%

Giang they Xuat hien hoc khong 80% Luning may - 01 cap khi do cao may cluoi 450m

(1500ft) - Xuat hien hoc khong xueit hien

lop may BKN hoc OVC veri do cao to 450m-3000m

70%

DO cao may - Tir 00 - 300m ± 30m - Tir 300m-3000m + 30%

70%

Nhiet dO - + 1'C TREND

Huang gi6 + 20° 90% Toe dO gio ± 2.5 m/s (5kt) 90%

Tarn nhin ngang - Om-800m ± 200m - 800m — 10km 130% XtCat hien hoa-c khong t,

90%

90% Giang thity


So toy ma luat k-hi nscing hang khong 2015

Luang may - 01 cap kill do cao may duari 450m (1500ft)

- Xuat hiri ho:ac khong xuat hin lop may BKN ho-ac OVC veri dO cao tir 450m-3000m

90%

D(15 cao may - Tir 00 - 300m + 30m - Tir 300m-3000m + 30%

90%


BO GIAO THONG VAN TAI CUC HANG KHONG VIET NAM S ...

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