ro;l{Hlla X

I.(eHTap 3a ~pKBeHe cryAH,je MeljyHapo.zurn Qemap 3a npasocmume cry~Hje

HHDI, 2013

Epoj 10

/)pKBeHe ciiiyouje, Huut I Church Studies, Nis 10-2013, 239-257

Y/(K 26/28(497.16 Komop) "08/10"

KaTapuua MuTposuli f_Jenmap 3a ucmopujcryzeozpapujy u ucmopujcry aeMozpapujy WUJlo3opcKu pary!lmem, Eeozpaa - Cp6uja e-mail: katmit035@gmail.com

IiEHE,L(IIKTHHU:H Y BII3AHTIIJCKOM KOTOPY*

Ancmpa«m: Y paay ce zoeopu o oKo!lnocmuMa Koje cy yc!loeune aonmaK 6eneauKmUHalfG Ha noapy'lje EoKOKOmopcK02 3GllU6a. y nepuoay oa 9. ao apyze nO!l06UHe 11. 6eKa 6ene:JJCU ce 3HQfrlfiO npucycmeo 0602 peaa y TueamcKOM 3GllU6y, zoe je, nope() Mauacmupa ce. Muxauna ua IIpee!lalJU, ocnoea11o }om HeKO!lUKO MGIVUX M01taUIKUX Hacma.M6U. TaKo/je, zoeopu ce u 0 aea MaHacmupa ua mepumopuju noa 6U3aHmujcKO/vl 6!laUIIiy, oa KO}ux ce jeaaH 11G!la3UO 1/G npu!la3UMa Komopy, a apyzu y CQMOM zpaay. EeneauKmUHlJU cy, ceaKaKo, uzpa!lu ea:JJCHY ynozy y npoiJecwwa xpucmujaHu3aiJU}e C!l06eHCK02 cmaHOBf/UUimBa, aajy/iu U36eC1102 aonpUHOCG pa3BOjy 0oKyMeHmap11e nucMeHocmu, KIVU:JJCeeHOM u yMemHU'IKOM cmeapaRmmey u npoceem11oj aenam11ocmu y Komopy, jeaHOM oa 6G:J/C11UX tfeHmapa meMe /(all~Hat{Uje, KaO u y zpaHU'IHOM nojacy noa BllGUtJiy mpaByHU}CKUX U ayKJbGHCKUX KHe306G.

!Vby'IHe pe'lu: 6eneauKJmtH1JU, onamuje u .~IOHGUtKe 11acmaM6e, Komop, TueamcKu 3GRUB, eu3aHmujcKa ynpaea, meMa /(GllAWtfu}a, xpucmu}altu3atfttJa, cnoeei!CKO cmaH0611UUifrl60, aucmpUKm, azpapHO noapyttje

0CH!1BalhC HajcTapHjllX 6eHC,IlllKTHHCKHX MaHaCTHpa Ha llCTOqHOJ Ja,npaHCKOj o6a.JIH rra,na y ,npyry ITOJIOBHHY 9. BCKa. )J;oJiacKy MOHaxa pe,na CB. DCHC,IlllKTa 110fO,Il0BaJIC cy orriiiTe noJIHTllqKe 11 1\PKBCHc npHJIHKC HJaJsaHe Hana,nHMa Capal(eHa H ycneiiiHHM

HacTojal:hiiMa l(apa BaciiJIHja I MaKe,noHL(a (867-886) .na ycnocTaBn KOHTPOJIY Ha,n jy)J<HOM 11TaJIIIjOM II ja,npaHCKllM aKBaTOpHjCM, IIITO je ,ll011pHHCJIO CHaiKCfhY BH3aHTlljCKOf YTlll(aja

H Ha IICTOqHoj o6anu, o qeMy cse,noqu ,naTocT .na je apxoHTHja )J;anMal(nja ynpaso 70-Hx

fO,IlHHa 9. BCKa IIO,QIIfHYTa Ha paHr TCMe1. BII3aHTIIjCKll YTIIL\aj HHje 6HO OrpaHifqCH

HCKJbY'!HBO Ha rrpHll.mpCKC rpa,nOBC H OCTPBa, Ben CC IIOCTCIICHO IIIHpHO rrpeMa 06JiaCTllMa y J<L'Iel)y Koje cy HacTalhHBaJIII CJIOBCHH2. I1oqes o.n HnKoJie I (858-867), nanc cy

eHepriiqHo JacTynane n.nejy ymmep3a.JIH3Ma pnMcKe 1\PKBe. TaKaB cTaB y.npyiKeH ca ,llOrMaTCKllM pa3MHMOHJiaiKCI:bllMa (,fiJioque") ,llOBCO je ,llO cyKo6a Ca l(apHrpa,nCKHM

* Pa~ je HaCTaO Kao pe3yJITaT HCTpa)KHBa!na Ha rrpojeKTY MHHHCTapCTBa 11p0CBCTC, H3YKC I1

TCXHOJIOIIIKor pa3Boja Perry6JIHKe Cp6nje Hace/ba u cmaHoeHuutmeo cpncKUX 31!.il1a.Jba y no3HOM cpea~ne.M eexy (ea. 6p. 17701 0). I Eneprn:qna aKunja BacnJIHja I yrrepena rrpoTHB Capauena H ¢panaqKor BJial(apa Jlyl(oBHKa II, Kojy je crrpoBOMO rrceycnn sojcKosol)a Hrrhn¢op <l>oKa, pe3ymnpana je ympiiihrrBaffieM BH3aHTnjcKe BJiaCTII Hal(j~HOM I1TannjoM. EeneBeHTaHCKII KHC3 rrprrxsaTHO je Bll3aHTnjcKH rrpoTeKTopaT 873. rol(HHe. I1cTo cy yqnnnmr H rpal)aH!I EapHja 876. y6p3o rrocnc cMpTll Jly,'(oBHKa ll. OCTporopcKn 1959, 234. 0 TCM!I .[(anMaUHjH v. <I>epnyra 1957, 68-86. 2 <I>epnyra 1971,75-107.

239

naT})HjapxoM u .LIO pacKona rro3HaTor IIO.LI Ha3HBOM <DoTnjeBa IIIH3Ma3. Bacnnnje I je

IIOCC6HO Ha IIO'ICTKY CBOje BJia,l.laBHHC O,l.lp)l<aBaO ,l.I06pe 0,/.IHOCC ca AIIOCTOJICKOM

CTOJIHUOM, WTO je nwno Ha PYKY HacTojalhHMa Xa,l.lpHjaHa II (867-872) 11 JoBaHa VIII (872-882) ,l.la ojaqajy yrHuaj pHMCKe upKBe Ha HCTO'IHoj ja!lpaHcKoj o6ann, 6y.nyhn ila je

.l{anMal(Hja jaw BO.JbOM HKOH06opaqKor uapa KOHCTaHTHHa V (741-775) CTaB.JbCHa IIO,L(

jypHC,l.IHKUHjy IJ,apnrpa,l.lcKe rraT})njapumje4

. Harropn ArrocTOJICKe CTonnue HarrocneTKY cy

yp0,l.IHJII1 IIJIO)lOM, TaKO ,l.la je 0,/.IJiyKaMa CIIJII1TCKHX ca6opa H3 925. H 928. rO,l.IHHC

.l{a.JIMal(Hja 11 3BaHH'IHO BpaneHa II0,/.1 OKp11JbC pHMCKC UPKBC5.

Henpnni1Ke ca KojnMa cy ce 6eHC.LIHKTHHUH y jy)fmoj I1Tan11jn cyoqasann rroqes

0,/.1 40-HX rO,l.IHHa 9. BCKa HarOHI1JIC cy HX ,/.Ia CIIaC IIOT})a)f(C y 6e36C.LIHHjHM KpajeB!1Ma6

.

HcTO'IHa ja,l.lpaHCKa o6ana, noce6tiO O.LI speMeHa uapa Bacnnnja I, rrpe)lCTaB.Jbana je

IIOrO,l.IHO TJIC 3a OCHHBalhC HOBI1X MaHaCT11pa 11 WHpCihC aKTHBHOCTH KapaKTepHCTH'IHHX 3a

OBaj MOHaWKH pe,l.l. YrrpKOC 6pojHHM TCWKOllaMa H HCKYWCihHMa KOji1Ma cy 611JIH

H3JIO)f(CHI1 jaw Oil speMeHa JycTI1HI1jaHa I (527-565), Bl13aHmjcKn rpa,l.IOBI1 ycrrenn cy ,l.la

TOKOM rrpoTeKJia T})l1 BCKa O'lyBajy II03HOaHUI'IKO KyJITypHO HaCJiel)e H )"'BpCTC UpKBeHy

opramnauujy. Ha arpapHa rro,l.lpyqja Koja cy HM rpasHTnpana rrocTerreo ce Hace.Jbasano

CJIOBCHCKO CTaHOBHI1WTBO, KOje jow YBCK Hl1je 611JIO y Benoj MCp11 Xp11CTI1jaHH30BaHO 7.

MI1III.Jbelhe rrpeMa KOMe ce rroKpwTaBalhe Cp6a 11 XpsaTa Hl1je O.LIBHjano y CKnorry

MaCOBHHX, ,l.I06po rrpunpCM.JbCHI1HX 11 BCWTO KOOp,l.I11HHCaHHX MHCHOHapCKHX no_nyxaara8,

Kao n eras ,l.la MOHarnTBO reHepanHo Hl1je nrpano npecy.LIHY ynory y noKprnrasalhy 9 .

CJIOBCHCKOr CTaHOBHI1WTBa , CBaKaKO 11MaJY YTCMC.JbCiha Ka,[la cy y IIHTalhy lliHpH

npocTop11 oanKaHcKor nonyOCT})Ba. IlpHJIHKe cy 611ne yHeKOJIHKO .Lipyraqnje y

HCIIOCpC,l.IHOM OKpy)f(ClhY BH3aHTHjCKHX a,l.IMHHI1CT})aTI1BHHX l(CHTapa, 6HJIO _na CC pa)lHJIO 0

IIpB06HTHHM rpa,l.ICKHM )lHCT})HKT!1Ma 11JII1 je y IIHTalhy 611JIO IIO,l.lp)"'jC IIO,l.l KOHT})OJIOM H

¢aKTH'IKOM snawhy cnoseHCKHX rrornasapa . .6y_nyh11 .na cy 6eHC.L111KTHHU11 no3HaTI1 Kao

jesaHI)eJII13aTop11 BCJIHKI1X .nenosa Espone HacralhCHHX repMaHCKHM 11 cnoaeHCKHM

HapO,l.IHMa, HCMa pa3JIOra 3a CYMihY _na HM je O,l.lpC~CHa MHCHOHapcKa ,l.ICJiaTHOCT 6una

CBOjCTBCHa 11 y .l{anMal(l1jH, KaO H y KpajeBHMa jy)KHO O,l.l .l{y6pOBHHKa. DCHC,l.II1KTHHCKC

OIIaTHje 11 MalhC HaCTaM6C cy CC H360pOM MCCTa Ha KOji1Ma cy IIO,l.ll13aHC, CBOji1M

113rJIC,l.IOM, Ha'111HOM rrp11BpCQ11Balha 11 )KHBOTHHM HaBHKaMa MOHaXa ,l.I06po yKJianaJIC y

CBCT CJIOBCHCKOr CCJia. IJpCM,l.la fie pa3Mepe H KapaKTCp TI1X yruuaja 11 MC~yco6HI1X

IIp0)!(11Malha y MHOrHM CCrMCHTHMa 3ayBeK OCTaTH HCCa3HaT.Jbi1BI1, TO He yMalhyje IhHXOB

CYlliTHHCKH 3Haqaj 3a pa3BOj MHKpOCBCTa KOjH je rOTOBO HCIIpHMCTHO Cf3HCTHpao y CCHI(H

BH3aHTI1j CKHX rpa,l.IOBa. Y OCTaJIOM, B11lliC,l.ICI(CHHj CKa HCT})a)KHBalha pa3JIH'IHTHX

3 OcrporopcKH 1959, 223-224,228-229, 231, 234-235; Storia del cristianesimo. II medioevo, 181-185 (M. Gallina); CTaHKOBHn 2003, 53-70. 0 rrarpnjapxy <lloTujy jorn v. BacHJIHa)lHC 2003. 4 ~apurpa)lcKoj rrarpujaprnuju Ta)la cy rrorqHiheHe u o6nacm y jY*Hoj l1Tanujn - Kana6puja u Cnunnnja, OcrporopcKH 1959, 178. 5 AKTH CIIITHTCKHX ca6opa Kostrencic 1967, 30--33 (N~ 23), 35-36 (N2 25), 36-38 (N2 26), 38-39 (N2 27). Cf. )!{uBKOBHn 2004, 107-130. ca rrperne)lOM CTapHje JIHTeparype. 6 EeHe)J:HKTHHCKH MaHaCTHpH y jyllmoj l1Tanuj11 611nH cy II)'HC 'ICTHpH ilCUCHHje 1!3JIO)!(CHH Haiia)lHMa CapaueHa n apyrux pa36ojHH'IKIIX 6aH)lH, lliTO je KYITMHHHpano ocBajalheM MoHTeKacuHa rro'lCTKOM cerrTeM6pa 883. roaHHe. CapaueHn cy 1\!aHaCTHp TCMCJbHO OIIJb'IKanH, aoK cy orraTa EepTapuja H

HCKOJIHUHHY MOHaxa MaCaKpHpanu. Ilpeli(I!BCJIH 6eHe)J:HKTHHUH cy ce CKJIOHHJIH y TeaHo Koa Karrye, aiTH je TaMOlliffill MaHaCTHp IIOCJIC HCKOJII1KO fO)J:I!Ha H3fOpeo y BCJIHKOM IIO)!(apy, Gatto1a 1733, 67--68; Novak 1920, 3-4; Gobry 1999, 110, 123-125. 7 0 oaHoCHMa BH3aHTHjcKHX rpaaoBa u cnoBeHCKHX aocen,eHHKa v. Goldstein 1992, 83-1 11. 8 MaKcHMoBnh 1996, 166. 91fcmopuja l.(pHe Tope!, 358-359 (J. KoBa'leBHn).

240

JIOKa.JlHTeTa

6eHC,l.IHKTIIHJ

npeTBOpH.lll

On rpa,LIOBa, y I

HaMepaMa AJ je TCWKO pel Ha.r~rne.r~aHo

rroJIHTHKe. I xpHCTIIjamn

rrpe,l.lyCJIOB II

H3 OJa'Hl:llLX

,l\OJia3aK 6e rrpe.r~cTaBHJil

llp( COI(HjaJIHO~l

6eHC,l.II1KTIIH

HranHj am1.

Hace.JbaBa..le

npH.LIPYiKIL"ll

CJIOBCHII. I

npe.r~cTaB."ha

j~He lha"I IhliXOBH:\1 ji 3aiiOBC.JHI!K

DaKOH y .J

IICTOpi!Orpai

npecy;.rHO~!

CKYIIHHa y I

'lCMY CBC.:IC

6eHC,l\HKTilH

OHHX KO)ll C

HCKH O.J Ihill

10 ~lij0\1~ i'i II Ilpm!e;:-a .-\JJ.:rp;rJa -:-e...-r. CTC'lCHe 1-.:-:oo 1967. r '-"~: ~e cpe6;'~e

~!OHa!IITBJ. ::JO

3a·nes o.:rro~ PoA>:aTy ca 1 C asieneno:s. i 1\:peum~mp n j!Q!Be.le 6eHeJ

I 2 .. :\on .;-:n' pranL~. 255 u 13 .-\HTOH0!lll

~--+ Cul:~ :((~

Bacrumje I je :a AIIOCTOJICKOM

2! 11 JosaHa VIII .111. 6y.uyh11 na je 5) CTaBJbCHa IJO,[I

(C HaiJOCJICTKY cy II 928. rO,[Il!He

:voqasanu rroqes

!Jmt KpajcBHMa6

.

IpC.:XCTaBJbaJia je

"-repHCTH'IHHX 3a mj mta cy 6mm

Bll ycrreJIH cy .r~a

;qspcre U:PKBCHY

' ce HaceJbasano ICTI!j aHH30BaHO 7•

uj a.1o y cKnorry

·KJrx rro.r~yxsara8 , y IIOKpUITaBalhy

miTan,y umpH

D .:xpyra'!Hje y

o .Ja ce pa,l:IHJIO o

O.:X KOHrpOJIOM H

:UH rro3Hant Kao

I! CJIOBCHCKHM

.]C.1aTHOCT 6HJia

bCHC.[(HKTHHCKC

1.]1!3aHe, CBOjHM

6po yKJiarraJre y

II Mel)yco6HHX

~"\!an,yje IhHXOB

fCTHpao y CCHU:H

.a pa3JIH'!HTHX

'tledioevo, 181-185

in - Ka;ra6pnja n

!6), 38-39 (N2 27).

:JOA(eHn Harra.n:nMa ~KaCHHa noqeTKOM mna Iieprapnja H

T eaHo KO)"I Karrye, tttola 1733, 67-68;

3-! 11.

noKanHrera na rro.r~pyqjy Eapa nasena cy Ilasna MHjosHna na 3aK5by'!aK .r~a cy ynpaso

6eHC.llHKTHHU:H IIO.llCTaKJIH H3Bol)en,e MCJIHpaU:HOHHX pa.llOBa KOjH cy EapcKo noJbe

IIpCTBOpHJIH y TJIC IIOrO,[IHO 3a y3roj MHOrHX IJOJbOIIpHBpC.il.HHX Kyrrrypa 10•

OcHHBan,e 6eHC.il.HKTHHCKHX ManacTHpa y nerrocpe.r~noM cyce.r~cTBY BH3aHTHjcKHX

rpa.r~oaa, y noneKHM cnyqajeBHMa '!aK yny-rap rpa.llCKHX 6e.lleMa, 6mw je y cKJia.r~y ca

HaMepaMa AnOCTOJICKC CTOJIHU:C .Ua ojaqa CBOje I103HU:Hje Ha HCTO'!HOj 06aJIH Ja.r~paHa. )J;aHaC

je TeiiiKO penH y KOjoj MCpH je KpeTalhe 6eHe,[IHKTHHaU:a H3Mel)y .[(Be ja.upaHCKC o6ane 6HJIO

na.r~me.r~aHo H3 PHMa, aJIH je nornyno H3Becno .r~a ce OHO yKJiarrarro y IIIHpe UJiaHose nan eKe noJHITHKe. EeHe.llHKTHHU:HMa je y Hosoj cpe.UHHH 6110 HaMe!heH Ba)!(aH 3a,[laTaK -

XpHCTHjaHH3aU:Hja CJIOBCHCKOr CTaHOBHHIIITBa y IlpHMOpjy. IlpHMalhC XpHIIInaHCTBa 6HJIO je

npe.llyCJIOB npHXBaTa!ha IIOJII1TI1'!KHX, .UpyrnTBCHI1X 11 K")'JirypH11X MO.llCJia KOjl1 cy ce IIIHpHJIH 113 oja'laJII1X U:CHTapa BH3aHTI1jCKC ynpaBe. Ilope;:r rrpe;tCTaBHI1Ka BH3aHTI1jCKI1X BJiaCTH,

,[IOJia3aK 6eHe,[IHKTI1HCKHX 3aje.[(nt!U:a 11 OCHHBalhC ~laHaCTHpa IIO,l:lp)!(aBaJIH cy H

UpC.llCTaBHHU:H rpa,l:ICKOr narp11U:Hjara, KaO 11 CJIOBCHCKJI K1a.Jap1111

.

Ilpa6UJIO C6. EeHeouKma roroao ;:ra Hl!je rrpli.JaBa.lo 3Ha'!aja eTHH'!KOM H

cou:HjaJIHOM rropeKJiy qrranoaa 3aJe;mHu:e12

• Crora cy ocmma'!l! najcrapHjHx 6eHe,[IHKTHHCKHX MaHaCTHpa y )J;anMaU:HjH H KpajCBH~Ia jyJKHO 0.] )J;y6pOBHI!Ka 6HJIH

lhannjaHH, JlaHro6ap,l:IH H IIpHIIa,'lHHI..lH ;:rpymx CTHH'!KHX CKYIIHHa KOje cy y TO .U06a

naceJbaaane j)')KHY Hranujy. IhnMa cy ce y6p3o, Moryne sen y cne.uenoj renepau:ujH,

rrpH.llPY)!(HJIH JbY.LIH ,[IOManer rropeKJia, Hajrrpe PoMaHH, a IIOTOM, y CBC BeneM 6pojy,

CnoaeHH, H HeiiiTO Kacnuje, Arr6aHU:H. Je311'!Ke pa3JII1Ke roroao H3BCCHO HHCY

IIpC.llCTaBJbaJie BCnH IIp06JICM, 6y,1:1ynu ,[Ia cy joiii 0)..1 CpC.[(HHC 7. BCKa MHOrll )!(HTCJbH

jy)!(He HranHje, 3aXBaJbyjyhu HHTCH311BHHM Be3aMa ca CnoaeHHMa, 6HJIH yno3HaTH H ca

IhHXOBllM je311KOM, 0 '!CMY CBC.[(O'lll ,1:106po IJ03HaTa IIpHIIOBCCT 0 PO.[(OaJI.[Iy, BOjHOM

3anoae.r~HrrKy y cJiy)!(611 Mna.r~or 6eHeaenrancKor aojao.r~e Ajona, Kojy rrpeHocrr Ilaane

naKOH y ,[ICJIY Historia Langobardorum. IlpeMa HaBO.llliMa CJiaBHOr JiaHro6ap.UCKOr

HCToprrorpa¢a, Po.[(oan.r~ ce CnoaeHI1Ma, Kojrr cy 643. ro.[(rrHe Hananrr rpa.r~ CrrrroHT, y

npecy.UHOM rpCHYTKY o6paTliO Ha IhliXOBOM je3IIKy13• Ilope,1:1 TOra, rrprrcyCTBO CJIOBCHCKliX

cKynHHa y rroje)..IHHHM KpajearrMa jy)!(He Hranrrje Moryne je nparHTrr joiii O.ll 7/8. BeKa, o

'!CMY CBC.llO'lli 6orara OHOMaCTI1'!Ka rpal)a (TOIJOHliMIIja If aHrpOIIOHHMIIja)14. Mel)y

6eHC.rlliKT11HU:IIMa Koju cy rrpa11 ,[IOIIIJIH y Kpajeae oKo Koropa cacBHM 113BecHo 611no je 11

OHI1X KOjrr cy pa3yMCBaJili CJIOBCHCKI1 je3IIK, a He rpe6a 0.[(6aU:11Tli HIT MOrynHOCT .[(a cy

HCKH 0.[( IhHX 611JII1 CJIOBCHCKOr IIOpeKJia.

I 0 Mijovic 1995, 99. I 1 ITpnMepn cy 6pojnn re lieMo Hasecrn ca:.m HeKe O.Ll Hajyrre'!aTJbHBHjnx. TaKo je Ja.n:apcKn rrpnop AHL(pnja reCTaMeHTOM H3 L{eueM6pa 918. rDLli!He MaHaCTupy cs. KprnesaHa ocras11o 3CMJbi!IliHe rroceL{e cTe'!eHe KYJIOBHHOM, crryre n CJIYIIIKHFbe, crornny osaua, rreqy csnne n je.LlaH rrpeKpnsa'!, Kostrencic 1967, 27 (N2 21). roL{HHe 1122. LIYfiposaqKI! rrarp!!Ul!j CasnH (ryneymrli?) IIOKJJOHHO je MoHTeKacnny t~Be cpe6pne rrocyL{e rernKe OKO L{eaer nn6apa ca MOJJ6oM L{a ce l!3 paca.n:HnKa 6eneL{IIKTHHCKor MOHamrsa rrornaJby JbY,UII Kojn 6n noMomn rnnpeFbe osor peL{a y .[{a;rMaul!jll. IToWTo je na Fberos Jaxres owosopeno nmnrnsHo, CasnH je npncrrennM 6eneL{HKTHHI.IHMa L{aposao upKBY cs. Mapnje y PolKary ca rrpmm.uajynHM rroce.unMa, Leonis Marsicani et Petri Diaconi Chronica monasterii Casienensis, 803. 0 upKBH cs. Mapnje y PmKary v. Ostojic 1964, 432-435. XpsarcKn KpaJb ITerap KpemnMnp IV je y L{Ba Haspara 1060/62. roL{nHe L{ap11sao Manacrnp cs. ToMe y Enorpaey y KOMe y )Jmaene 6enet~HKTHHKe na qeny ca onarnuoM .[{a6pnuoM, Kostrencic 1967, 96-97 (N2 68), 97-98 (N2 69). 12 ,Non convertenti ex servitio praeponatur ingenuus, nisi alia rationabilis causa existat", Redovnicka pravi/a, 255 (cap. 2). 13 AHTOHOBHli2007, 76-77. 14 Culic 2009, 139-174.

241

Y KpajeBllMa jy)I<HO 0).1, ,[(y6pOBHllKa, IIpllCYCTBO 6eHC)J,llKTllHaiJ,a 3a6CJIC)KCHO jc

BCOMa paHO, sen y )J,pyroj IIOJIOBllHll 9. BCKa, Ha IIO)J,pyqjy DOKe KOTOpcKe. CBCTI1 MuxallJIO

Ha I1pesJiaiJ,I1 npe)J,CTaBJbaO je CTO)Kep H>llXOBOf OKYIIJDaH>a. 0)J,aTJIC cy IIp11JDC)KH0

lliHpll!Ill CBOj YT11U,aj TOKOM Hape)J,Ha )J,Ba CTOJiena. Y rpeHyTKY Ka)J,a cy 6eHC)J,llKTllHIJ,I1

)J,OIIIJill Ha I1pesnaKy, IIO)J,pyqje TusaTCKOr 3aJillBa 6uno jc msaH rpa)J,cKor li11CTIJllKTa,

O)J,HOCHO TepllTOp11je IIO.ll Bll3aHTlljCKOM BJiaruny, -r:i. HaJia311JIO CC y rpaHH'IHOM nojacy KOjH

je .llCJIHO cpncKe o6naCTH TpasyHHjy 11 .[(yKJDy15

. Y llCTO speMe llJIH HCKY neuemtjy

KacHuje 6eHc.llllKTllHIJ,ll cy no,llunm 11 .llBa MaHaCTIIpa y smaHTIIjCKOM KoTopy - CseTor

I1erpa, Ha np11na3l1Ma rpa,lly, u CseTOr MuxaRna, yHyTap 6e)J,eMa. OsaKaB pacnopep,

MaHaCTllpa OMOrynno liM je O,llp)KaBaH>c CTa6HJIHllX Be3a Ca u,pKBCHllM II CBCTOBHIIM

C'TpYKTypaMa y rpa,lly 11 llHTCH3llBHO ,lleJIOBaa.e Mcljy CJIOBCHCKIIM CTaHOBHI1IIITBOM ll3BaH

TCpllTOpllje IIO.ll HCIIOCpC,llHOM KOH'TpOJIOM rpa,llCKllX BJiaCTH16

. ill11pea.e 6eHC.IlHKTIIHCKOf

pe,lla Ha llCTO'IHOj ja,llpaHCKOj 06aJII1, CaMHM THM H y IIOTOIDHM 3CTCKHM H aJr6aHCKHM

crpaHaMa, CTajano je y TeCHOj BC311 ca IIpOMeHaMa y KapaKTepy II 11HTeH3llTeTy

BH3aHTHjCKe BJiaCTH. KoTOp je npe,llCTaBJDaO Ba)KaH IJ,CHTap TCMC ,[(anMaiJ,llje, CTOra HC

'IY.llH OKOJIHOCT ,lla cy CC 6eHe,llllKTHHIJ,H Hajnpe IIOjaBllJIH y a.erOBOj OKOJIIIHH, ,llOK cy nap,

Ynu,l1fh 11 Jbern je,llHOCTaBHO 6nnu Kacmenu J(pa'la17

, y npnspe,llHOM H KYIITypHoM

norne,lly, sen Ta,lla y JaocTaTKY 3a cesepHllM cycc,llOM. lhuxos npo.uop y npasu,y jyra 6Ho

je y IIpBO BpCMC OTC)KaH ,llCJIOBafbeM ,[(pa'IKC Mli'TpOIIOJIHje, KOja je IIOCTOjaHO 6paHllJia

CBOje II03llU,Hje KaKO y IIp116pC)KHI1M 30HaMa TaKO H y yHyrpalllfbOCTll18

• 3HaTHHjC

npucyCTBO 6cHe,llllKTHHaiJ,a jy)KHO O,ll DY.llBC 6HJIO je MOryne TCK O,ll .llpyre IIOJIOBI1HC 11. cTorrena, Tj. O.ll speMeHa ycnoHa ,[(yKJDC IIO.ll BojucrrasoM, MuxannoM II DO.llllHOM, rnTo jc

3HaTHO ll3MeHHJIO IIOJlllTll'IKe IIpHJillKe y TOM )J,CJIY I1pllMOpja19

• 0 HaKJIOHOCTll

,llyKJDaHCKllX BJia,llapa npeMa 6CHC,llllKTllHCKOM pe.lly CBC,llO'IH H>llXOBa O,llJiyKa ,lla ce

caxpaH>yjy y MaHaCTHPY CBCTHX Cplja H BaKxa Ha EojaHu20

• OcHM Tara, p,enosaa.e

15 ITpeMa rpa.llHUlijH aKryerrHoj cpe):lliHOM 13. crorrena, KoTop je ITpesrraKy cTeKao ):lapoBHliUOM ):lyKJbaHCKOr KpaJDa nop~a, CliHa OO)J,liHOBOf, li3 1115. fO):\liHC, Smicik1as 1906, 423--424 (N2 367).

,[(eTaJDHO 0 OBOM IIHTaiDy V. AHTOHOBlin 2003, 200--205. I 6 MnKpOTOIIOHliMHja EoKoKoTopcKor 3aJIHBa, rrojasa seoMa ,n:yror rpajaiDa, IIOKaJY.ie ):Ia cy cc poMaHCKli Ha3HBH Haj!zy)KC 3a):lplKaJIH !zy)K CaMe MOpCKC o6aJIC, ):\OK Ha !13):\HHaMa OKOJIHHX 6p):la IIpCOBJia)J,aBajy CJIOBCHCKa HMCHa JIOKaJIHTeTa, liTO CBC):\O'IH 0 eTHH'IKHM IIpHJIHKaMa y !zy)KCM pa3):106Jby H rrpaBUHMa rrpo,n:HpaiDa crroseHcKor craHoBHHlliTBa, Cu1i6 2009, 45-78. ,[(aHac HIII'IC3JIH rroKaJIHTeT Magarisium y o6rraCTH CTOJIHBa, 3a6errelKCH y HajcTapHjHM cy,n:cKo-HoTapcKHM K!hHraMa, cse,n:oqH ,n:a ce Taj ):\CO BpMUa HaJia3HO !10):1 BJiarnny CJIOBCHCKHX rrorrraBapa, TC ):Ia cy Ha lhCMY IIOCTOjaJIH BliHOrpMH If ):lpym IIOCC):\H lKHTCJba paHOCpC):IIhOBCKOBHOf KoTopa, KOjli cy 3a lhHXOBO CJJ060,llHO YlKHBa!he IIJianarrH

,n:aHaK- MoropHrn, CHHJl:liK 1954-1955, 112-114. 17 BmaHmujcKU U36opu II, 34 n. 107. 18 KarrHn 1979, 30--32; )i(HBKOBHn 2004, 150--151. Cf. <Pepnyra 1986,65-130. 19 EeHe):IHKTliHUli cy y Ey):IBy rrpHcrrerrn rro cBCMY cy):lenn sen y ):lpyroj rrorroBHHH 9. BeKa. Y 3arra,n:HoM ):ICJIY rpa,n:a 3aTCKJili cy upKBY CB. Mapnje Ha Pry (Santa Maria in Punta), Kojy cy joiii 840. ro,n:HHe rro,n:nrrra ,n:sojHua 6pahe, 'IHja HaM nMeHa HHCY caqysaHa, n rrpersopHJili je y csoj MaHacrnp. Moryne ,n:a je OBa HCIIpBa o6li'IH3 rpa,n:CKa UpKBa y BpCMC lhHXOBOf ):\OJiaCKa 6HJia y pyurCBHHaMa HliH TCII1KO oiiiTeneHa, 6yeynn ):Ia je Ey,n:sa 840/1. 6Hrra HJJIOlKeHa Harra,n:y capaueHcKor 6po,n:oBJba. fpa,n: ce seoMa CIIOpO orropaB.TbaO O)J, pa3apaiDa, TaKO ,n:a cy 6eHC):IHKTHHUH lf3BCCHO ):laJIH IIO)J,CTHUaja KOHCOJIH)J,OBaibY upKBCHHX rrpnrrnKa. <PparMeHTli KTHTopcKor Hamnca o rro,n:n3alhy Csere Mapnje rrpoH~CHH cy Ha ynyrparn!hoj crpaHn cesepHor 3H):Ia upKBe, Kosaqesnn 1956, 4-8; lluC!fU cpeiJ~UoBjeKOBHoz

namuHumema, 32. 20 ITncau EapcKoz poiJoCRoBa HaBO):IH .na je monasterium sanctorum martyrum Sergii et Bachi rrpe,n:craBJbao MayJonej J:\YKJbaHCKHX KpaJDCBa MHxanrra, Eo,llHHa, Brra):IHMnpa H fpa,n:HxHe, Ljetopis popa Dukljanina, 95, 99, 100, 104; Gesta regum Sclavorum I, 160, 161, 168, 169, 172, 173, 180, 181.

242

6eHC,[IHKTHHaU.a

HaCTOjaH>HMa ,ila

EapcKy Mnrpono;

EeHe.illlli cy y rpcHyrK)" li,CMCTCpHjaJIHIL'I.

onaTnje cy no.:IJ

BOlubiliJ,HMa, BlfH

je aKBaTH'IKH em cy ce HaMepHO .J

CTaHRIIITa 6upa.;:

pa3nora, ann He

O)J,JIIIKyjy IIjarpll

O.IlHOCY Ha mund

6y.llynu ,lla cy o CTora cy, ynpKo

yp6aHHX Il,CHTap feorpa_,

op,rosapanii pel

3a nop,u3aa.e ~ta

ce 3a speMe Bll

BC3aHO CaMO Tal

3axsaJbyjytm 6. y3roj MacnuHa

MOrynHOCT ;:Ia C

sen 6cHC,llHI-..""TII

'IllTaBOf IIO."l)Ol

.)la JC MaHaCTIIp

3aKJiaihaJIC m~ EeHe;:n

caKpanHe rpal)€

IIO,llyxBaTa Jye1 caMo cesepHH

Hana,IJ.a Ha np

MOHaCR cy 3a

liCTO'IHOj crpa

o6nuKa ca YHY

21 0 ocmmalb y I 22 JosaH Kosaqe H3MC!hCHC Bene~ Hcmopuja QpHe 23 Elijade 200·t 24 Cf. Badurina 25 ITpesnaKa ce Tumba, Tj. Tomb

mHaua 3a6eJIC)KCHO je

peKe. CseTn Mnxanno

.JaTJIC cy rrpHihC)KHO

L.Ja cy 6CHC).IHKTHH1(II

rpa.::rcKor .liiiCrpiiKTa,

>aHJiqHOM rrojacy KOjH

1!.1!! HCKY ,liCl(CHHjy

:mr KoTopy - CscTor

ra. OsaKaB pacnope.r~

lleHIIM H CBCTOBHHM

raHOBHHlliTBOM H3BaH

elhc 6CHC,liHKTHHCKOf

~CKI!M II an6aHCKIIM

-epy If HHTCH3HTCTy

ila.1:--Iau11je, cTora He

JKO.lHHH, .liOK cy Eap,

~.JH0:\1 If KYJITypHOM

'P y rrpasuy jyra 6110 : ITOCTOjaHO 6paHHJia

18 3 . llifbOCTH . HaTHHJC

.Jpyre ITOJIOBHHe II. I II bO,liHHOM, liTO je

a·'. 0 HaKJIOHOCTH

xosa o.r~nyKa ).Ia ce

H.\t Tara, .r~enosaiDe

')' CTCKaO ,llapOBHHl(OM IQ6. 423-424 (N2 367).

.a. rroKa:Jyje .n:a cy ce D!Ha\!a OKOJIHHX 6p,n:a i.'la y .!(y)KCM pa3.!(06Jh y IC lilll'Ie3JIH JlOKaJIHTCT n.araMa, cse,n:oqn .n:a ce IOCTOjaJIH BHHOrpa,n:!! H JH o )I)I<HBaH>e rrnali.aJIH

IH 9. BCKa. Y 3aiTa,[(HOM y cy jom 840. ro,~:~nne ~laHacrrrp. Moryne .ua

llCBHHaMa HJJ!I TCIIIKO lOB.'ba. fpa,ll CC BCOMa IIUaja KOHCOJIH).IOBaH>y Hje npoHal)eHu cy Ha :tfu cpeOiho6jeKo6Hoz

rom Sergii et Bachi H r paAHxHe, Ljetopis 72. 173, 180, 181.

6eHC,U11KTIIHau;a je cacBIIM msecHo IIWJIO Ha pyKy MIIxaiiJIOBHM II Eo,n:IIHOBI1M

HacTojaiDIIMa ,n:a Ha rro.11pyqjy .UYKJhaHcKe ,n:p)KaBe CTBope qspcTy upKBeHy opraHmauiijy -

EapcKy MIIrp0110JII1jy, KOja je OCHOBaHa, BCpOBaTHO, 80-IIX fO,UIIHa JJ. CTOJiena21

•

CseTn Mnxanno llpesna'IKH n OKOJIHe nacTaM6e

bCHC).IIIKTIIHUII cy CBCCHO 6HpaJIII MCCTa ca jaKIIM KYJITHIIM rpa,UIIUIIjaMa Ha KOjHMa

cy y rpeHyrKy IDIIXOBOf ,UOJiaCKa 6IIJIII BII,UJhHBII OCTaQII CaKpaJIHIIX rpaljCBIIHa II • . " 22 II l(CMCTCpiijaJIHIIX KOMllJICKCa II3 paHIIJHX, '!aK II rrpe,n:xpiirnuaHCKIIX BpCMCHa . ope,U TOra,

OllaTnje cy 110,UII3aHC y CJIHKOBHTHM rrpe,UCJIHMa OKp~CHIIM o6pa).IHBHM 3CMJhiilliTCM,

BOlliDaQIIMa, BHHOrpa).IIIMa, rajCBIIMa, llOHCKa,U '!aK Ha 060,UHMa BCJII1KI1X rnyMa. Ey,n:yli.n ,Ua

je aKBaTI1'1KI1 CIIM60JIII3aM nrpaO Ba)KHY ynory y IDI1XOBOM 11011MaiDy CBCTa, 6eHC,UI1KTIIH1(H

cy ce HaMepHo ,n:oceJhaBanii y MCCTa Ha o6anaMa peKa, je3epa II Mapa, rroHeKa).l cy 3a csoja

CTaHIIWTa 6HpaJIH OCrpBa. bJIH3HHa H3BOpa 6IIJia je HCOllXO,UHa II3 KpajiDe rrpaKTH'IHHX

pa3JIOra, aJII1 HC rpe6a 3aHCMapHTH HH ,n:y60KII CIIM60JIII'IKH CMI1CaO TCKyne BO,UC KOjy

OM11Kyjy 11jarpii'!Ka 11 rrypmlmKaTopcKa csojcTBa23

• MeljyriiM, rrorpe6a 3a cerrapau11joM y

O,UHOCY Ha mundus y CJiyqajy 6eHC,UHKTIIHCKOf MOHalliTBa BHlliC je 11piiBH,UHa HCfO CTBapHa,

6y,n:yn11 ,n:a cy OI1aTI1je O,Up)KaBaJIC HHTCH3IIBHC BC3C Ca OKOJIHHM arpapHHM llO,UpyqjiiMa.

CTora cy, yrrpKoc H3BCCHoj aypii II30JioBaHOCTH, MaHaCT11pH o6II'!HO rro,n:n3aHII He,n:aneKo o.u

yp6aHHX l(CHTapa H Ba)KHIIX KOI1HCHHX H 110MOpCKIIX cao6panajHH1(a24

•

feorpa<lJcKH II KJinMaTCKH ycnoBII rronyocrpsa IIpesnaKa y rroTrryHOCTII cy

o,n:rosapanii pe30HIIMa KojnMa cy ce pyKBO,UHJIII 6eHC,UIIKTIIHUH npnnnKOM n36opa MCCTa

3a rro,n:H3aiDe MaHacTnpa25

. Oso rronyocrpso, ,n:yro OKO 300m II WIIpOKO OKO 200 m, Koje

CC 3a BpCMC BIICOKC 11JIHMC 110BpCMCHO rrpCTBapano y OCrpBO, 6y,n:yli.n ,n:a je 3a KOI1HO

BC3aHO CaMO TaHKIIM 3CMJhaHHM HaCHllOM, O,U ,UaBHHHa je 6HJIO npHBJia'!HO 3a HaCeJhaBaH.C

3aXBaJhyjynii 6naroj KJIHMH, ,U06poj OCYH'!aHOCTII, llOCTOjaH.y 3CMJhHWTa llOfO,UHOr 3a

y3roj MaCJIIIHa H BHHOBC JI03C, TC llJIO,UHOf rp6aibCKOf llOJha y 3aJieljy. TaKOije, ITOCTOjH

MorynHOCT ,Ua cy 06JIH)KfbC COJiaHC, 1103HaTe II3 KaCHIIjiiX BpCMCHa, IIO).IHfJIH H KOpHCTHJIH

sen 6cHC,UHKTHHQH. OcTaun piiMCKe villae marittimae, Koja je o6yxsaTana rro,n:pyqje

'IHTasor rronyoTOKa, noTH'IY H3 I BeKa Hose epe. Ocehaj monosaHOCTH rrpy)KaJia je ,n:aTOCT

.r~a je MaHaCTHP ca MopcKe crpaHc 611o Te)Ke yo<JJhiiB, 6apeM y rrpBII Max, 6y.uynii .ua cy ra

3aKJiaiDaJie H3,Uy)KeHe <lJopMe ocrpsa CseTII fa6pnjen.

EeHe,UHKTIIHUII cy Ha IIpesnau;n, rrope,n: piiMCKHX HaJia3a, 3aTCKJIH H ocTaTKC

CaKpaJIHC rpaljCBHHC 113 6. BCKa, 110).111fHYTC BCpOBaTHO y ).I06a 3aMalliHHX rpa).IHTCJbCKHX

rro.n:yxsaTa Jycnm11jaHa I. Pa.n:nno ce o rpo6po,n:Hoj 6a3HJIIIUII o.u Koje je in situ caqysaH

CaMO CCBCpHH 3H).I. L(pKBa je, 110 CBCMY cy,nenii, crpa,UaJia TOKOM CJIOBCHCKO-aBapCKOf

Harra.na Ha np11MopcKe o6nacTI1 cpc,ni1HOM ,npyre ACUCHnje 7. seKa. Hosorrp11.110IIIJIH

MOHaCH cy 3a rrorpe6e CBOje 3ajC).IHHUC carpa).IHJIH rpo6pOAHY 6a3HJIHKY Koja CC Ha

HCTO'IHOj crpaHH 3aBprnasana rpHMa arrcn).laMa o.n Kojnx je cpe,niDa - rronyKpy)KHOr

o6n11Ka ca yHyrpaiiiiDe 11 crroJhHe crpaHe - 6nna Hajsena. CpeAHIIIIDH 6po.u je o.n 6o<JHnx

21 0 ocmmafby EapcKe apxnemtcKonuje v. Kannn 1979,45-48. 22 JoBaH KoBa'!eBHfi je .nasHo 3arra:Jno na cy 6eHC.lllfKTHHUH rrpeYJHMaJIH upKBe y )I()TICKHM rrpe.n:enuMa, HaMCH.CHC BeneM 6pojy BepHHKa H3 HCKOJIHKO CCJia, H OKO lhHX 110,[(H3aJIH MaHaCTHpCKC KOMITJICKCC, Hcmopuja l{pHe Tope I, 355-356 (J. Kosaqesnn). 23 E1ijade 2004, 95-99. 24 Cf. Badurina I 978, 131-134; Sisic 2001, 397-426 ca rrperrre)loM JIHTeparype. 25 IlpeBJJaKa ce y JiaTHHCKHM H HTaJIHjaHCKHM msopnMa rroMnn,e y )IOCJJOBHOM rrpeBony Traiectus Hilll

Tumba, Tj. Tomba y 3Ha<Jefby ,6pc:iK)'JbaK" OJl naTHHCKor tumulus.

243

6po.n;oail 6uo o.uaojeH 3H,D;ilHHM cTynUHMil cnojeHHM nonyKpyJKHHM nyKoBIIMa, o qeMy

CBe,UO<Je OCTill(ll IIHJlilCTilpil. IJ;pKBil je rpil~eHil 0.[1 TeCilHHX KilMeHHX KBil,Ucpa JIOKaJIHC

npoaeHujeHl(Hje y3 yrroT?e6y MaJITepil. Cpa3MepHo TilHKH 3H.UOBH yrryhyjy Hil 3ilKJbY'iilK .Llil

je KpOBHil KOHCTPYKUHja 6mm .upaeHa. I.l;pKBil je 6nrril conn.nHnx .n;uMeH3Hjil - .n;yJKHHe

rrpeKo 20 m H rrmpHHe oKo 13 m. Y3ope TPe6il TPiliKHTH y 6eHe.n;HKTHHCKHM UPKBaMa

rro.n;H3ilHHM Hil rro.upyqjy Arrynuje y rrpu6rruJKHO HCTO BpeMe. Ca oBe UPKBeHe rpaljeBHHe

noTnLJe rrilpilrreTHil rrrroL~il, .n;eo omapcKe rrperpa.ne ca rrpliKa30M naBa y rop&eM,

CTHJIH30BilHHM 6HJbHHM opHilMeHTHMil y ,ll,OlheM ,ll,erry, u TPOqJiilHOM JI03Hl(OM Kojil

yoKBHpyje L!HTilBY KOMII03Hl(Hjy, je,UilH O,U Hiljpenpe3eHTaTIIBHHjiiX rrpi1MepaKa

rrpepoMilHHLJKe nrrilCTHKe Hil OBHM npocTopHMil, Kao u TPH tl>pilrMeHTil rpe,ll,e Cil JiilTHHCKHM

HilTIIHCHMil H tPPilfMeHT l(H60pHjyMil. TilKO~e je npOHil~eH ¢pilrMeHT HaTimca y KOMe ce

rroMHlhe orrilT- ad hono ... ri abbatis.26

OrrceJKHil ilpxeonoiiiKil HCKOIIilBillha BpiiieHa nocne.ulhHX ro,ll,HHa rroTBp.rrurra cy na

ce pa,ll,HJIO 0 MaHaCTPHCKOM KOMIIJieKCY 3HaTHHX pa3Mepa KOjlf je 3iliipeMilO BeJllfKll

rrpocTop. CaCTojilo ce on KBaJII1TeTHO 3liJlilHHX 3rpilJlil Koje cy CilCBifM lf3BecHo CJI)JKUJie 3il

CTilHOBillbe If KilO pil,UHOHIIL(e, OCTaBe fl CTilje, Tj. 11MaJIC cy npeU:113HY cKOHOMCKY HaMeHy.

TilKo~e je ycTilHOBJbeHo ,ll,il je MilHilCTHpCKH KOMIIJieKc lfMilO HiljMillhe je.n;ilH BeJIHKif nupr,

,ll,OK cy y3 jyJKHY iliiCH.LIY UPKBe OTKpuBeHu ocTaUH 3BOHI1Kil. Y3 TO cy npoHil~eHu aeoMil

CTilpll ¢pilrMeHTll JKHBOIIHCil, aJill Hlfje ll3BeCHO ,ll,il Jill OHH IIOTHqy Cil 6a31fJillKC lf3 6. BeKil

unu rrpnrril,ll,iljy 6eHe,UHKTHHCKoj upKBH. ApxeonoiiiKH MilTepujan Moryne je rrpilTifTH .uo

OTIIpHJIHKC 60-HX fO,ll,lfHil 11. BeKil, IIOCJie qera IIOCTOje IIpHJIIfL!HO CHrypHe lfH.[IHl(lfje .[lil je

MilHilCTHp 3ilrrycTeo27

•

MilHilCTup Hil IlpeBJiill(lf 6Ho je rrocBeneH CB. ilpXilH~erry Muxilnny, npe.uao,ll,HHKY

He6eCKHX BOjCKll, 3iliiiTIITHHKY 0.[1 pilTHllX He,D;illlil II eneMeHTilpHHX HeiiOfO.[Iil, TilYMilTypry

KOjH y3 IIOMOll BO,ll,e JieLJII H OCJI06il~il 0.[1 rpeXil, IICHXOIIOMIIY KOjH y CMpTHOM 'iilCY

npey3uMil 6piiry o Jby.n;cKuM ,D;yiiiilMil rrpilTehu ux rrpurrHKOM rrperracKil lf3 je,ll,Hor y .npym

o6JIHK er3HCTeHl(IIje. I-b6op IIilTPOHil Hnje 6uo crryqiljilH. EeHe,ll,HKTHHUif y jYJKHOj Ihanuju

cy Bpno pilHO rrpiirpiiiiJIH OBilj KYJIT 3ilXBilJbyjynii YTIIUiljy rnilCOBIITOr cBeTIIJIIIIIITil Hil

MoHTe filprilHy. ,[(y)l( xo.n;oL~ilCHIILJKOr nyTa Kojn je O,ll, EeHeaeHTa BO.LIIIO rrpeMil MoHTe

filprilHy, T3B. Via Sacra Langobardorum, nocTojano je BIIIIIe 6eHe,UIIKTifHCKIIX MilHilCTHpil,

LJIIMC je OBilj MOHiliiiKII pe,ll, y3e0 ilKTIIBHOf y.n;eJiil y TYMilLJelhy II IIIIIpelhy KYJITil CB.

ilpXilH~enil MIIxiliiJiil. 36or rro6pojilHIIX oco6IIHil He6ecKu ilpXIICTPilTIIr MOpilo je 6IIm

6JIH3ilK IIOKJIOHHl(IIMil .n;peBHe CJIOBeHCKe penuriije II TeK IIOKpiiiTeHIIM CTilHOBHIIl(IIMil CeJiil

Hil npiiJia3IIMil BII3ilHTHjCKOM KoTopy, Me~y KOjiiMil cy 6eHe.n;nKTIIHUII o6ilBJbaJIH

MIICIIOHilpCKY ,l],eJiilTHOCi8

. TilKO je CBeTII MIIXiliiJIO npe.n;cTilBJbilO CilKpaJIII30BilHII rrpocTop yHYTilP ilrpilpHor

no.n;pyqjil CilLJIIIbeHor O,ll, npOCTPilHe rp6albCKe pilBHIIl(e II o6pOHilKil BpMl(il II nyiiiml(e KOjH

yoKBIIpyjy BO,ll,e TIIBilTCKor 3aJIIIBa. Y BpeMe IIHTeH3IIBHOr ,ll,eJIOBillhil 6eHe.n;IIKTIIHaua, o.u 9. ,ll,O ,ll,pyre .IIOJIOBIIHe 11. BeKil, OBO IIO,D;pyqje je, ITO CBOj IIpii1IIIUII, 6HJIO peJiilTHBHO ,D;06po

HilCeJbeHo. Pa,ll,IIJIO ce, KilO IIITO je Ben IICTilKHYTO, o rpilHIILJHOM nojacy lf3Me~y TpaByHIIje 11

,[(yKJbe, IIO,ll, BJlillllllY cprrCKHX KHeJKeBil, KOjH je rpaBIITIIpao Ka Bll33HTHjCKOM KoTOpy, IIITO

je MHCHOHilpCKHM IIO,D;yxBilTHMil 6eHe,UHKTHHill(il ,D;ilBaJIO noce6Hy Te)I(IIHY II YTHUaJIO Ha

26 Kopah 2001, 135-170. Pan je HaCTao Ha ocHoay pe3yJITaTa .n;o6njeHHX TOKOM rrpanx apxeonoiiiKHX

HCTpaJKHBalba BpiiicHHX y jeceH 1956. If 1957. fO.[IHHC. HaKHa,D;Ha HCTpaJKHBalha y MHOfOMC c;.

MO.[IH<lJHKOBJia H3HeTC 3aKJb)"'KC. 27 YcMeHo carriiiTclhe Mp Mna.ueHa 3arapqaHHHa, KYCToca 3aBH'iajHor M)'3eja y Eapy, KoMe ce oaov

rrpnJIHKOM cp.n;a'iHO 3aXBa.JL:xjeM Ha rrpyx<eHoj rroMohn.

28 0 CBeTHJIHIIITY Ha MoHTe iapraHY v. Piemontese 1999.

244

lhllXOB KaF

o6ana Tua

113BCCHO .lil

CTaHHWTil

IIJIOBHH TIY y

~pKBa n~

H3Bopn:-.ta

IIHTalby je

Bna.uu:-.mp

ro36c yrrp<

CKJIOH!IO ' OIIITeneH:~ npu6miiKH

,ll,il je l.JI!T.

BpeMcHa ~

HaJiil31!.1e I

6JIHCKO ITO

Hero jilcHC

IIOJ10iK3 j H

cy ce :-.tor. o6nmKlhei

)

fO,UHHe. I

bOKOKOTO]

TeK :>!af.1(

IIOBeCT Be

rpa.:.rJllll!J<

BI!C!!He ·.

[(C~l'C Co? .J

DOCTOJeDe

~tajcropy

C.10B3. H3"

H3Tni!C 3C

Eoropo.JJl

61aZO"LtC1CJ

CliNG JJpfl 677'"': .. Tj. HaBeO KOl

CB. Ilerp~

6.11!311HH

:<J LJe:opi.J .:o Oc-:-pac ;;-e;py"'":oBa.J 06~1J~t.: H

3: ~'1eL1et 3: f\.0\:J...'-e ~.: CTo_i3.Bo

<..KHHM JIYKOBHMa, 0 'ICMy

:a\!CHHX KBa,[(epa JIOKaJIHC

m ynyliyjy Ha 3aKJhy'IaK ,[(a

HI!X ,[(IIMCH3Hja - ,[()')KHHC

~HC.::IHKTHHCKHM u;pKBaMa

~a ose u;pKBeHe rpa~eBHHe ~tKa30M nasa y ropH.eM,

pO'I;laHOM JI03HUOM Koja

HTanmHIIjux nprrMepaKa

.t:CHTa rpC,[(C Ca JiaTHHCKHM

.I:.!CHT HaTllHCa y KOMC CC

{ fOJHHa ITOTBp.ruma cy ,[(a

:OJ!! je 3anpeMaO BCJIHKH

CBl!\! H3BCCHO CJIY)f<HJIC 3a

OOHy CKOHOMCKy HaMeHy.

!otafhe je,[(aH BCJIHKH IIHpr,

3 TO cy IIpOHa~CHH BCOMa

qy Ca 6a3HJIHKC H3 6. BCKa

il..l :-.wrylie je npaTHTH ,[(O

0 Cl!rypHC HH,[(HQHje ,[(a je

,. \htxarrny, npe,[(BO,[(HHKY

iLXHenoro,[(a,TayMaTypry

ry Koju y cMpTHOM qacy

e..1acKa H3 je,[(Hor y ):(pyru

~o.-nmurr y j)')KHOj IfTanrrjrr

lCOBIITOf CBCTHJIHIUTa Ha

HTa BO,[(HO npeMa MOHTC

C.Jl!hc"THHCKHX MaHaCTHpa,

bY II rurrpeH>y KYJITa en.

IKrpanir Mopao je 6nm

!Hl!~! CTaHOBHHQHMa CCJia

eHC:lHKTHHQH o6aBJbaJIH

IpOCTop YHYTap arpapHor a BpMu;a H JlyruTHL(e KOjH

H.a 6eHC,liHKTHHaL(a, 0,1.1 9. ~ 61mo peJiaTHBHO ,[(06po

~acy H3Meljy TpaByHnje n

3aHTnjcKoM KoTopy, ruTo

~· Te)l<liHY II YTIIUaJIO Ha

TOKOM IIpBIIX apxeonoiUKIIX TpaJKHBaH.a y MHOfOMC cy

•"Jeja y fiapy, KOMC CC OBOM

H.HXOB KapaKTep rr HHTCH3HTcT. Tionmelirr O,[( CneTor MHxarrna, 6eHe,nnKTHHUH cy _ny)K

o6ana TrrnaTcKor 3anrrna nocTeneHo rrmpunrr Mpc)Ky cnojux HacTaM6u, Koje cy cacnuM

H3BCCHO naraHo npey3HMane ynory napoxujcKux u;pKana. Tia,na y O'IH ,[(a cy osa MOHaruKa

CTaHHIUTa IIO,[(ll3aHa Ha crpaTciUKHM IIYHKTOBHMa ca KOjHX je 6HJIO MOrylie KOHTIJOJIHCaTH

nnoBHH IIYT o.n KYM6opcKor paTa .no ynma y KoTopcKu 3aJIHB.

Y BpeMe 0 KOMe rOBOpHMO, Ha cyce,[(HOM OCTIJBY CBcTH fa6plljcJI, IIOCTOjaJia je

u;pKBa IIOCBCllCHa CB. apxaH~eJiy faBpHJiy, ,[(OHOCHOUY 6narHX BCCTH. Y IIHCaHHM

H3BOpHMa OBa u;pKBa CC llOMHH.e CaMO je,[(HOM H TO y Jlemonucy nona py/UbaHUHa. Y

nuTaH>y je qyseHa rrprrnOBCCT 0 y6HCTBY rpanyHHjCKOf KHC3a )J;parHMHpa, CTIJHL(a JOBaHa

Bna,nrrMHpa, Koje ce o.nurpano oKo 1018. ro,nuHe. I1o'IHHHJIH cy ra KoTopaHH 3a speMe

r036e ynpaBO Ha OBOM OCrpBy. bC)f(CllH npe,n H.HXOBHM BCpOJIOMCTBOM, KHC3 )J;parHMHp CC

CKJIOHHO y LJ;pKBY CB. apXaH~CJia faBpHJia y KOjoj je H y6ujeH, ,[(OK je XpaM TCIUKO

orrneneH29. ApxeonoruKa ucTpa)KHBaiha Hrrcy sprueHa, TaKo .na Hrrje rro3HaTa Hll

npu6JIH)f(Ha JIOKaQHja llOMCHYTC u;pKBC. 0Ha je !10 CBOj IIpHJIHQH 3aHCTa IIOCTOjana 6y_nynu

,na je 'IHTaB JIOKaJIHTCT HOCHO HMC CBCTH fa6pujeJI, CBC ,[(0 cpe,nHHC 15. CTOJielia. O,n

speMeHa MJieTa'IKe sna,nasuHe ocrpso ce HaJHBa CseTH MapKo cTora IUTO cy ce Ha H.CMY

HaJia3HJIC napuene y BJiaCHHIUTBY KOTOpCKC LJ;pKBC CB. MapKa30

. IJ;pKBa CB. faBpHJia 6uJia je

6JII1CKO IIOBC3aHa ca MaHaCTHpOM CB. MuxauJia, Ha IUTa yKa3yje H H.CHa IIOCBCTa KOja BHIUC

Hero jaCHO any,nupa ynpaBO Ha 6cHC,[(HKTHHCKC rpa,[(HL(Hje. C 063HpOM Ha H.CH H30JIOBaHH

rroJIO)f(aj Ha ocrpsy, MaJio je seposaTHO .na je u;pKBa cs. faspuna 6una napoxujcKa. Y3 H>Y

cy ce MOrJIC HaJia3HTH 3rpa_ne KOje cy CJIY)KHJIC 3a CMCIUTaj H 6opaBaK 6cHC,[(HKTHHau;a H3

o6JIH)f(H.cr CseTor Muxauna.

Y rrncMy rrarre KnuMcHTa VI yrrylieHOM CTetlJaHy ,ll;yruaHy 6. jaHyapa 1346. fO,!J,HHC, HaJia3H CC ITOIIHC 6eHC,[(HKTHHCKHX MaHaCTHpa H HaCTaM6H Ha IIO,D,pyqjy

DOKOKOTOpCKOf 3aJII!Ba, 0 'II!jeM CC IlOCTOjaH>y H ,[(CJIOBaH,y cpc,[(HHOM 14. BCKa Ca'IyBaO

TeK MarnoBHTH cnoMeH31• ToM nprrnrrKOM noMeHyT je CseTrr TicTap fpa,na'IKH, qrrja je

llOBCCT BCOMa 3aHHMJbHBa ca CTaHOBHIUTa IIpO)KHMaH.a 6eHC,[(HKTHHCKHX H BaCHJIHjaHCKHX

rpa,nuu;Hja. CseTH TieTap ce HaJia3no Ha Y3BnrueH>y fpa,nau; (oKo 145 m Ha,nMopcKe

BHCHHe), y aTapy ceJia Iior,naiUHlli! Ha jyro3aiia,[(HOj crpaHH BpMu;a, Ha HCTOM MCCTY Ha

KOMe ce ,naHac y3,nH)Ke KaTOJIH'IKa u;pKBa cs. Tierpa. Ha yHyrparuH.oj crpaHrr jy)KHOr 3H,na

nOCTOjene u;pKBC, Ha OKO 1,5 Ill y,naJbCHOCTH 0,[( Kanene, IIOCTOjH JiaTHHCKH HaTIIHC 0

MajcTopy Perynycy Kojrr je rpa.nno KJiaycTap. JosaH Kosa'Ienrrn je, rrpeMa Mop<!Jonoruju

CJIOBa, HaTITHC ,naTOBaO y 11. CTOJielie32

. Ha npoqeJby UPKBC CB. Tierpa HaJia3H ce nrrpHJICKH

HaTIIHC 3CTCKOr CIIHCKOIIa Heo<!JrrTa y KOMC OH BCJIH ,na je y HMC CseTC Tpojnu;e, I1peCBCTC

EoropO,liHL(C If CneTHX anocTOJia carpa.nrro ,[(OTH'IHH xpaM y o6naCTH CB. MrrxarrJia y oaHe

6Jla20'Iacmueoza u 6ozo.MOp:JICa6H02a u ceemopOOH02 zocnoouHa KpCJJba CmerjJaHa Ypouta,

cuna JipeoeeN'IaNoza !<.pCJJba CmerjJa11a, yNyKa ce. Cu.MeoNa He.Ma1be. HaTrrHc je ,[(aTupaH

6777., Tj. 1269. fO,[(HHOM rrpeMa XpHIUllaHCKOj epu33

. I1a,na y O'IH ,[(a CIIHCKOII Heo<!JuT Hnje

HaBCO KOMC je XpaM ITOCBelieH, BepoBaTHO CTOra IUTO CC pa,[(HJIO 0 ,[(06po II03HaToj u;pKBH

CB. Tierpa, aJIH je Harnacuo ,[(a ce oHa HaJia3H y o6!lacmu ce. Muxau!la, Tj. y Herrocpe,[(Hoj

6nrr3HHH H.eronor errncKorrcKor ce,nrrruTa. ,ll;aHac ce CMaTpa rroy3):(aHo yTnpljeHHM ,[(a cy

29 Ljetopis papa Dukljanina, 85-86; Gesta regum Sclavornm I, 138-141. 30 Oc-rpso je Hocrrno rr Ha3HB C-rpaAHOTH rro naKHM KOH.aHHLIHMa y CJIY)K6H MnCTa'!Ke perry6JJHKe perpyroBaHHM MaXOM Ha IIOJJ.P)"'jy rp'!Ke H Ar!6aHHje. JhHXOB npeBaCXO)l;HH 3a.L(aTaK 6rro je Ha.L(30p Ha.r\ o6anaMa H 6op6a rrpoTHB rycapa. 31 Theiner 1863, 215; Smiciklas 1913, 179-180 (N~ 134). 32 Kovacevic 1973, 50. 33 CTojaHoBHh 19822

, II (N2 23).

245

HaTrrHCH MajcTopa Peryrryca II emrcKorra HeoqmTa in situ, rrpeM)J,a cc csaKaKo He Harra3e na rroJHIJ;HjaMa Ha KojHMa cy 6HrrH opHrHHaJIHO rrocTaBJbCHH. CyMapHa apxeorrolllKa

HCTPa)lmBalha spllleHa 1981. ro)J.HHe y opraHmau;HjH MyJeja y THBTY rroKaJarra cy ,na ce

ocTau;n Heo¢1ITOBe u;pKse HarraJe Ha AY61IHH O)J. 80 em )J.O 1 m, Te )J,a 61I 6eHC)J.IIKTHHCKH

MaHaCTIIP H Peryrrycos KrraycTap TPe6arro TPmKHTII HCIIOA Tor crroja34

• KorrHKO naM je rroJHaTo, naKHa)J.Ha HCTPmKHBalha na TOM rroKaJIHTCTY HHcy rrpCAYJHMana. Ha ocnosy

paCIIOJIQ)KHBC rpalje II MaTepHjaJIHHX OCTaTaKa MO){(C CC H3BCCTII ITOY3JlaH 3aKJbyqaK ,na CC

Ha 6p)J.y fpa)J.au; y rrepHOJlY 10-12. BCKa HaJia3HO 6eHC)J,IIKTIIHCKII MaHaCTHp ca KJiayCTPOM CKpOMHHX )J.HMCH31Ija HaMCihCH MaJIOM 6pojy MOHaXa. Y HOBHje BpeMe Ja6eJIC)l(CHa je

TPaAHIJ;IIja rrpeMa Kojoj cy ce IIMalha cmapux rjJpamapa narraJHrra HJMefjy peq11u;e

fpa)J.HOlllHHIJ;e H ceocKor rryTa35

.

Y naae)J.eHOM rrHcMy KrrnMeHT VI Haso.nn H ,nse 6eHCJlHKTHHCKe HacTaM6e Ha JlylllTHIJ;H- CseTor HHKorry de Petraniza II CseTor JlyKy de Chertale, KojHMa je TO je;umn IIOMCH y IIHCaHIIM ll3BOpiiMa36

. IleTPOBHHa y .[(o6pOTH H PaJ(OBaHIIllH Ha JlylliTlll\11 cy

HCKa 0).1, MCCTa KOje je CTapHja HayKa IIOBC3HBarra ca CBCTIIM IleTPOM IleTPaHH'lKHM37

• Ha

JIOKaJIHTCTY IlpHCTPaHnu;a y Pa)J.oBaHIIlliiMa u ,llaHac cc Y3.LIH)l(C u.pKsa KpCToo6pa:me ocnose rrocsehena cs. HIIKOJIH, Ja Kojy rroKarrno rrpe,nalhe serrH .ua je carpaljena 1117. ro,niine38

• Y HOBHje speMe Hrruja IIyrniih je na rroKarriiTCTY IleTPIIHHu;a y MapoBHllHMa,

TaKolje Ha JlyrnTIIl\11, rrpoHalllaO OCTaTKe apXIITCKType H ITJiaCTHKC KOjii ITpiina,najy J0/11. CTorrehy, TaKo .ua .uanac rrpeosrra.uasa MIIlliJbelhe .ua ce CaeTH HIIKOrra IleTPaHH'lKII narraJHO 6arn na TOM Mecry39

. CMaTPa ce .ua ce CseTII JlyKa narra31IO y KpTOJIIIMa Ha

rroKaJIIITeTy forniih, r.ue je KacnHje rro,niirnyTa rrpasocrrasna u;pKsa. He.uarreKo o.u Tor MCCTa 11pOHaljeHII cy OCTaiJ;H CpC,UlhOBCKOBHC HCKp0110JIC. JlOKaJIHO npe)lalhe BC3liBaJIO je

IlOCTaHaK 6eHC,UIIKTIIHCKOr MaHaCTIIpa Ja 12. CTOJiene40

, liiTO je cpa3MCpHO KaCHO II HC O,UrOBapa yTBpljeHIIM HCTOplljCKIIM 'llllhCHIIl(aMa 0 11p1ICYCTBY 6eHC,UIIKTIIHau;a Ha

rro.upyqjy THsaTcKor JaJIIIBa. Y KaToJIH'lKOj upKBII cs. IleTPa ArrocTOrra y E11jerroj rrponaljeHo je BHrne

JaHHMJbHBIIX HaJia3a, KOjll yKa.Jyjy ,Ua je Ha 11pll6JIH)l(H0 liCTOj JIOKaUHjii IlOCTOjarra MHOrO

CTapllja CaKparrHa rpaljeBHHa. Y IliiTafhy cy J(Ba KOMa,Ua UpKBCHOf HaMClliTaja yKparneHa

KpCTOBHMa, 110 CBOj 11pll!IIIIJ;H obfationarium (rrpOTXCCHC), Ha KOjll cy BCpHHIJ;ll rrpliHOCliJIH ,napOBC, rrpeaaCXO,UHO XJIC6 II BHHO, II IlliCIJ;liHa KOja je CBClliTCHliiJ;HMa CJIY)l(HJia 3a rrpalhe pyKy II cseTHX cacy.ua. Meljy TIIM CTapHHaMa HaJia3H ce 11 ¢parMeHT naTrrHca ca

HCKa,UalliihCr IJ;H60plljYMa, KOjll 6II CC MOrao ,naTOBaTH y IlO'lCTaK 9. BCKa. Y IhCMY CC IlOMlllhC ll3BCCHH CIIHCKOil Josan41

• IleTap illepOBllll 11 ,npyrH ayropll CMaTPaJIH cy ,Ua CC

6ene,UHKTIIHCKH MaHaCTIIp Sancti Petri de Campo, rroMeHyr y IlliCMY KrrHMeHTa VI, o.u 6. jaHyapa 1346. ro,nHHe42

, Harra3HO yrrpaso y E11jerroj, 6y.uyhH .ua ce y H3BOpiiMa YJ Ihera rroneKa.U HaBO.Ull TOrrOHHM in Alba, o.unocno in Albis. Ilope.u Tora, u;pKsa cs. IleTPa

ArrocTorra rrOJlllrHYTa je na JapaslheHOM Tepeny, Tj. y rroJby Koje je 3a reorpa¢cKe ycrrose

34 Milosevi6 2003, 398, 400-402, 404--405. 35 Ostoji6 1964,497. 36 Theiner 1863, 215; Smicik1as 1913, 179-180 (N2 134). 37 Ostoji6 1964, 495. 38 Martinovi6 2002, 439. 39 Mi1osevi6 2003,403 n. 18. 40 Ostoji6 1964, 494. 41 lliepOBllll 1965-1966, 173-177. J10MCHyrll CIIllCKOII je BCpOBaTHO HCTOBCTHa JIWIHOCT ca KOTOpCKHM CIIllCKOIIOM·JOBi:lHOM KOjll je yrrpaBJbO KOTOpCKOM ):llljC!(C30M y TpCH)'TKJ' IIpCHOCa MOIIITHjy CB. Tp11$yna 13. janyapa 809. fOt\ll'He, MIITpoallh 2010, 240. ca rrpemet~OM CTapnje JII!Teparype. 42 Theiner 1863, 215; Smicik1as 1913, 179-180 (N2 134).

246

bOKC KOTOpc,~e IIp IIKJia)J,HHM" -'.

npiiMOpCKC h.lJ< Campo, rroMe!I)

y 6nll3HHH T pe ce CBeTH ITe-r: 6cHC)J,IIKTIIHCKF.

HIIKaKBIIX apry Ta'!Hi:l rrpcTIIOC' HaMCihCH Ma:IO )J,aKi:lKO MHOI'O I

Ha C)

IlepacT, 6ene.11 ll3BOpHMa rrpBl' 19. jyHa 1166. Abbas Sancti

seposaTHO jow jolll .usa 6ene;

MHlliJbCih y Hs apXIIBCKOj rpa HaceJbaBalhe 6 nJiaCTHKC KOjll

MaHaCTHpa JOI

sepoaarro .:~a

HCKOJIHKO Ka~

JlylliTHl\II HaC~ ce npH6nH){(HC .na nponaljen~ Resson51

, .uoK

ca.ua HIICY m MaHaCTllpCKO~

npocTop oKo

43 lllepoanh 19 44 Ostoji6 1964. 4 5 ITo rr ,lzyK. 'ba

UpKBY ):lyKJbaHC

:boJUill, LjetopiJ upKae cs. ITerp; apxHTeKrypy & 1973, 311-338. 46 Far1ati I HOO, 4 7 Theiner 186: 48 Stjepcevic 2~ 49 npKBa CB. ~ apxnsa, Ostoji6 50 MllJIHHKOBII 51 Pu~ic 1977. 52 YcMeHo a 3axBaJbyjCM Ha

e CBaKaKo He Hana3e na :::y~1apna apxeoJIOlllKa

BTY noKa3ana cy .r~a ce .Jil 0!1 6ene,UHKTHHCKH

. 34 . mp . KomtKo HaM Je .JY311Mana. Ha ocHosy ~~-nan 3aKJD}"iaK ,n;a ce

anaCTrrp ca KnaycTPOM BpcMe 3a6cne)!(eHa je

31L!a H3Me~y pe•mu:e

'KfJ!HCKe HaCTaM6e Ha 1€. KOjHMa je TO je,[IHHH

mtm Ha JlylllTHU:H cy ·!-! TI~aHWIKHM37. Ha

UpKBa KpCT006pa3He

1a je carpa~eHa 1117. HHua y MaposnhHMa,

mju rrpHrra,llajy 10/11. HnKona TieTPaHHqKH :a3110 y KpTOJIHMa Ha

sa. He.r~aneKo o.r~ Tor

rrpe.aalhe Be3HBano je Ja3~1epHO KaCHO H He

OCHC,[IIIKTHHaU:a Ha

rrponal)eHo je BHllle mju rrocTojana Mnoro Ha:o.!elllTaja yKpallleHa

. BepmiU:H IIpiiHOCIIJIH

.1a cny:>KHJia 3a rrpaH.e

parMcHT HaTITIICa Ca 9. BeKa. Y H.eMy ce

n C.\taTPaJIH cy .r~a ce r KmiMcHTa VI, o.z:~ 6.

y H3BOpHMa y3 !hera ra. U:pKBa cs. IleTPa a reorpa<PcKe ycJIOBC

1 .TII'IHOCT ca KOTopcKHM a '!OIIITHjy CB. Tpmjl}'Ha oe.

IioKe KOTOpCKe rrpHJJHqHO rrpOCTPaHO, TaKO ,lla ce aTPH6yr Od Jlolba MO)I(c CMaTPaTH npuKJia,liHHM43

• Bepyje ce .r~a je osaj MaHaCTHp HaCTPa.r~ao 3a speMe MOHroncKor yrra.r~a y

npuMopcKe Kpajese 1242. ro.r~une44 . TiocTojii cxsaTaH.e rrpeMa KOMe CseTII TieTap de Campo, noMenyT y ITHCMY KniiMeHTa VI, npe.r~cTaBJDa II03HaTII MaHaCTIIP KO.LI cena 1·h-tqesa

45 M y 6JIH3HHH Tpe6HH.a H ,[Ia ca bOKOM KOTOpCKOM HeMa HHKaKBe Bc3e . HlllJbelba CMO ,[Ia

ce CseTH TieTap y TioJDy csaKaKo HaJia3IIO y TipuMopjy, Kao II rrpeocTanltx ce.r~aM

6eHe,n:HKTHHCKIIX orraTIIja Koje Haso.n:u nana KnuMcHT VI. Y rrpoTHBHOM He 611 6IIno HIIKaKBHX apryMeHaTa ,[Ia Ce OBaj MaHaCTHp Bc3yje 3a KOTOpCKOr CITHCKOTia. YKOJIHKO je ra<JHa npeTnocrasKa ,n:a ce pa,n:u o Eujenoj, CseTII TieTap je 6IIo cKpOMHIIX .LIHMcH3IIja 11

HaMelbeH MaJIOM 6pojy MOHaxa, TaKO ,[Ia je H3BeCHO 3arrycTeO Bell y OCBIIT 12. CTOnena,

,[laKaKO MHOrO rrpe MOHrOJJCKe IIHBa3IIje. Ha cyrrpoTHOM Kpajy TecHau:a Bepiire, Ha OCTPBY IIcrrpe.r~ rroToH.er HaceJDa

IJepaCT, 6eHc,liHKTIIHU:II cy TIO,liHrJIH OITaTIIjy IIOCBclleHy CB. nopl)y. TipeM,[Ia Ce y IIHCaHHM

II3BOpiiMa IIpBH ITYT IIOMH!hc y IICrrpaBII 0 TIOCBeneH.y KOTOpCKe KaTe,llpane CB. TpiirryHa 0,[1 19. jyHa 1166. rO,liHHe, Ka,lla je Mel)y rrpiiCYTHIIM 3BaHHqHIIU:HMa HaBe,lleH II Johannes Abbas Sancti Georgii, osaj MaHaCTIIp je, no csoj rrpiinHU:H, no.r~urHyT MHoro paHuje, seposaTHO jolll y 10. BeKy46

• Y BHllle rryra IIOMIIH.aHOM IIHCMY KniiMeHTa VI HaBe.[(eHa cy

jolll .r~sa 6eHe,liHKTHHKa MaHacTIIpa47. Tipsu O.LI H.IIX je CseTII MapKo de Pinita. TipeMa

MHlllJbeH.y I1sa CTjenqesiiha, HaJia3HO ce y THBTY Ha noKaJIHTeTy KOjii ce y KOTopcKoj

apxiiBCKoj rpai)II jaBJba y o6niiKY ad Pinitam48• Tio.r~p}"ije TltBTa 6uno je rroro.r~no 3a

HaCeJbaBalbe 6eHe,n:HKTIIHaU:a, Ha IIOjc,liHHHM MCCTIIMa IIpOHal)eHII cy OCTaU:H TIJieTepHe

rrnaCTIIKe KOjH rrpiirra,[lajy rrepHO.LIY 9-11. CTOJJena, aJIII TIOY3.LiaHIIX .D:0Ka3a 0 IIOCTOjaH.y MaHaCTIIpa jolll yseK neMa. .[Wyra je orraTuja CseTa Mapiija de Resson, 1a Kojy ce

seposano .r~a ce Hana3una y PIIcHy49

. IJoqes O.[( 70-IIx ro,liiiHa npolllnor cToneha, y

HeKOJIIIKO KaMrraH.a sprneHa cy apxeonornKa IICTPa)I(HBaH.a y MecTy Poce Ha rronyocTPBY flylllTHU:H HacynpoT Xepu:er HosoM, r.n:e cy OTKpiiBeHH ocTau:n npepoMaHuqKe upKBe Koja ce rrpu6JIII)I(HO MO)I(e .r~aToBaTH y 10. IIJIII 11. cTonehe50

• I1niija Tiyrnuh 6uo je MHlllJbeH.a

,lla IIpOHal)eHII OCTaU:II rrpiirra,llajy U:pKBH 6eHe,niiKTIIHCKOr MaHaCTHpa CB. Mapuje de Resson51

, ,noK je MIIxaiino MHJIIIHKOBHh y TOM norne.ny c npasoM Y3.rlp)l(aH 6y.nyhii .na 3a

Ca,lla HIICY OTKpHBcHII rrpaTenii o6jeKTII KOjii 611 MOrJIII ,na TIOTBp,ne ,na ce pa,nii 0 MaHacTupcKoM KOMIIJJeKcy. KaKo apxeonornKa HCTPa)I(HBaH.a Hucy o6yxsaTIIJia rnupu

rrpOCTOp OKO U:pKBe52, He 611 Tpe6ano o,n6aU:HTH MOrynHOCT ,na ce HCTIO.LI 3eMJbe HaJia3e

43 lllepoaun 1925, 151-156; Ostojic 1964,492. 44 Ostojic 1964, 494. 45 Ilorr ):(yK.JbaHHH monasterium sancti Petri de Campo IIOMH!he in Tribuniam regionem Kao rpo6ey upKBY JlYK.!baHcKor Kpa.TLa Pa,nocnana, Kojn ce y TpaB}'HHjy CKJIOHHO IIOliiTO ra je ca rrpecTona 36anno bOJIHH, Ljetopis papa Dukljanina, 95-96; Gesta regum Sclavorum I, ed . .[(. K}'H'Icp, 162-163. OCTal.IH llpKBC CB. 11eTpa y qnqeBy cy KpCT006pa3HC OCHOBC ca HapTCKCOM H ,[{Ba 3BOHHKa H BcOMa IIO,[{Cenajy Ha apxHTCKTYPY 6eHe.[lHKTHHCKHX npKaBa, f!cmopuja l{pHe Tope I, 436 (J. KoBa'!eBnh); Popovic 1972-1973, 311-338. 46 Farlati 1800, 433; SmiCiklas 1904, I 02 (N2 98). Cf. Butorac 19992, 10. 47 Theiner 1863, 215; Smiciklas 1913, 179-180 (N2 134). 48 Sljepcevic 20032

, 112 n. 18. 49 l.WKBa CB. Maprrje y Prrcey ce y BHllle HaBpaTa IIOMH!hc y cy.[{CKO-HOT3pCKHM CIIHCHMa KOTOpCKOr apxuna, Ostojic 1964, 494. 50 Mrr;mHKoarrh 1997, 172-179 ca CTapnjoM JIHTeparypoM. 51 Pusic 1977, 125. 52 YcMeHo caorrl!ITe!he npo¢ . .riP Mnxanna MnnnHKOBnha, KOMe ce OBOM npnnnKoM cp.[la'!HO 33XBaJLyjCM Ha IIp)')KCHOj IIOMOllH.

247

OCTaUII KJiayc-rpa H .Lipyrnx npOCTOpnja HaMCihCHHX CTaHOBalhy H npHBpei)HBalhy MOHa!llKe

3aje.r~HnUe. EeHc.[IHKTHHCKa onanrja cB. Mapiije je no cBoj npmmurr nocrojana Her.r~e Ha

no,Lipyqjy bOKOKOTOpCKOf 3aJIHBa, aJIII IhCHa npel[IJ3Ha JIOKaunja jO!ll YBCK HHje yrspl)ena.

CpenHy oKonHocr npe.r~crasJba .r~arocr .r~a cy 3aKJbY'fiU1 .r~o Kojnx cy .LIOBerra apxeonOIIIKa Hc·rpa:)!<HBalha y carnacjy ca no.r~auuMa Koje npy)!(ajy peTKa rmcaHa

CBC,[IO'-!aHCTBa, a TH'-IY Ce TpeHyrKa y KOMe je ,[IOIIIJIO .[10 HanyniTafha npeBJia<IKOr

MaHaCTIIpa If IbefOBOI' nocTeneHOI' ypywaBafha. fipeMa l103H3TOj Hcrrpami H3 1124. ro.[IIIHe, KojoM cy KoropcKH emKKon Yp1aunje, rrpnop Meno n 'fCTIJHaecTOpHua seniores iJapuea.Jlu ToM6y Ceemoz A111je.w lfpt.:eu ce. TpupyHa oiJ epxa iJo MopcKe o6a.Jle u oiJ .~topcKe o6aRe iJo epxa 6piJa, Ha ITpeBnauH ocHM KoropcKe onrnTHHe HHje 6mro .r~pyrHx

6awTHHHKa c my3cTKOM 'ICTHpH ILl!! neT napuena y o6nacTH CBeTor BnneHTHja53

•

HeKOJIHKO .r~ana KaCHHje, cnHcKon Yp3auHje 11 npuop Me.rro ca jom ncBeTOPHI!OM yrne,UHHX KOTopcKHX nnel\mna KpenynH cy na 6aprm y o6HJla3aK ITpcBJmKe KaKo 6H ;my:no cTeKJIH YBH.U y TaMOIJIIhc npunrrKe. OnnoBHBIIIH nonyoc-rpso uenoM .uy)!(HHOM ycTaHOBHJTH

cy ,[Ia Ha IhCMY IIOCToje CaMO '-ICTl!pH 11p1maTHC napUCJIC 3acaljCHC BHHOBOM JI030l\l, '-IHjH cy

srracHHUH 6mm JoH .r~e CoJia, CHnsccTap J.\C i\1apuo, oNu .LIC ,ll;al[o 11 jeiJ11a EpHcmma, nocne '-!era cy je.r~HornacHo 3aKJbY'-IHJTH .r~a lfeRa Tmt6a oo epxa Ha oo.?e npunaiJa Ceemo.11 All/jeRy54. YrrpaBO y TO BpeMe 3aTIO'-ICTa je 113rpa;:rlba KaTCXrpaJIHC upKBC CB. TpH(pyHa.

)],apHBalbe 3CMJbHIIITa y BJiaCHH!llTBY KOTOpCKC KmiyHc OllO je je,[laH O,U Ha'-!HHa Ha KOjH jc qmHaHCHpaH 3aMaiiiHll rpa,UHTCJbCKH IIOL\YXBaT55. IlOMCH)'TC IICHpaBC IlOKa3y_jy j.la je OL\

-rpenyTKa Ka.r~a cy ce 6eHCL\11KTHHUH nosyKJIH ca ITpes.lJaKe, na .uo cpe,UHHe 20-Hx ronHna

12. BcKa npOIIIJIO HCKOJIHKO L\CI[CHHja TOKOM KOjHX je rrpOCTOp, IllTO ra je HCKaj.la 3aiipCMaO

MaHaCTHpCKH KOMITJieKC, npeTBOpCH y npHBaTHa 11!\lalba 3acal)ei-ra BHHOrpa~U1Ma. Moryne )la cy BJiaCHHUH ,LIOTH'-IHC napl[CJIC OTKynHJIH O,U KOMyHe IL!Jif cy y IhHXOB nOCCll ,l.(OIIIJlH Ha

HCKH .LipyrH Ha'-IHH. HHIIITa He yKa3yjc Lla CC paL[I1JIO 0 HaCHJlHOM npcy3HMalhy

HeKa,l.(aiiiihHX MaHaCTHpcKHX noceL\a. OcTal[H upKBeHor 3,Lialha nana3HJIH cy ce cacBHM

113BCCHO y ,LICJIY nonyoc-rpBa KOjH je npunanao KOTOpCKOj OnlllTHHH. [lpKBa je 6p30

nponaj.laJia, npcBaCXOL\HO CTOra IIITO je KpOBHa KOHCYpYKI[Hja 6HJ1a Ha'-!HlhCHa OL\

,L1pBcTa56. Y .Lipyroj nOJIOBHHH 11., HajKaCHHje no'-!eTKOM 12. CTOJiena, 6eHC,l.(l1KTHHI[H cy

nanycTHJIH H ocTane nacTaM6e Ha TIOL\pyqjy THBaTcKor 3aJIHBa.

CseTu lleTap de Suranna

ITpHniiKOM apxeonoiiiKHX HCKonaBalha Ha Tepeuy y3 KOpHTO noTOKa Ulypalh,

HC,l.(aJicKO 0,1.( jy)!(HHX rpa,LICKHX BpaTa 11 Bpena fyp,LIHD, Ha nyry KOjH je 0,1.( IIaMTHBCKa

BO,l.(HO npeMa UJKamapHMa, npOHal)cHH cy 1956. fO,LIHHC OCTaUH n03HOaHTH'-IKC rpaljCBI1HC

TIO,l.(HrHyTe Ha,l.( HeKpOIIOJIOM KOja je y HCI103HaTO BpCMC c-rpa,l.(aJia y nO)!(apy. Ha HCTOM

Mecry KacHnje je ca3H,Liana -rpo6po.uHa 6a3HITHKa ca IIIIIpHM ueH-rpanHHM 11 y)!(HM 6o'-!HHM

6po,LIOBHMa, KojH cy ce Ha HCTOKY 3aBpiiiaBanH TIJHMa anCHL\aMa nonyKpy)!(HOr o6JIHKa, c

THM ,l.(a je cpe,Lilha ancH,l.(a ca cnOJbHC c-rpane HMaJia npasoyraOHH o6n11K. fpaljeBHHa je

53 ,donamus Tumbam Sancti Angeli ad ecclesiam Sancti Trifonis uidelicet a Uertice usque ad litus maris, eta litore marls usque ad Uerticem mantis". ITpeMa paHHjeM 'IHTaH.y !i3pa3 Uertice ryMaiieH je Kao Ha3HB JIOKa.JIHTeTa Vaize, Vaice, Farlati 1800, 433; Smiciklas 1904, 38 (N2 37). OsoM rrpHJIHKOM KopmnheHo je HOBO H3,[(aH.e ncrrpaBe rrpnpeljeHo Ha ocHoBy uajcrap!Ijer rro3Haror rrperrnca KOjH ce qysa y ns. KomopcKoM 36opHUK}' ,n:aHac y CaHKT-I1erepc6ypry, CHHLIHK 2004, 127-128, 131. 54 CHH,[(HK 2004, 129-130, 132. 55 MIITpOBHh 2010,256-257. 56 0 6eHeL\HKTHHCKHM T}Ja,n:nunjaMa Ha ITpeBrrannjolll v. Stjepcevic 20032

, 111-113.

248

3li)l,aHa o;:r r

KoTopa, ca

BpeMe upKBl

o•m jecTc m Bpeno lllyp; je 11 Mope. I MHOfO onpaJ

rrpe.r~craB,na

HCYMHTHOj ; OCTaTKC MaE

capauCHCKOI

Dp1 rrpucyraH ll

6eHCllHKTI1H

IIOM11lhC 1i y 6penHjapa " KpeHyswu

O,LIJIY1.JHO Je KoTOp Ha je qeny ca enu

KOja je IIOTO

KaTe.npaJIHe O,LIIIrpao ce MaHaCTHp Cl

eniiCKOIIIIJe.

ycnyTHe CTil

~Ia

HOTapCKII~I

HMOBHHCKOI

KpCL\HTOp 1\C

Koje ce y Ih(

Petrus, abb MaHaCTHpCii

napoxHjcKy

jolll yseK n ITepacTa.

Ko

H3a6epy no

nO,Lipyqjy I']

KOpHCT ,LIOTl

3aJIIIBa, C~

57 MRjoBHh 58 Smiciklas 59 Farlati 18~ JIHTeparype ' 60 Monumen (N2 1372).

1P!!BpC~HBainy MOHaiiiKC I!Ul! llOCTOjana HCr.[le Ha

'Ill yseK HHje yrspl}eHa. lil JO KOj!1X cy ).lOBCJTa

rpy/1\ajy peTKa nHcaHa

arrywTafba npeBJJaqKor

roj HcnpaBH H3 1 I 24.

~HaeCTopmxa seniores r:Jo .11opc1<e o6ane u o<J

~iHe HHje 6HJIO Jlpymx

! CseTor BuneHTHja53.

ca jow .LICBCTOpHl(OM ;:'~3:!31\C K3KO 6u JIWIHO

I .JY/1\liHOM YCT3HOBHJIH l!HOBOM Jl030M, qujrr cy

:.:o II }e011a Epucmma, 'Y!7e npunaoa CBemo.11

e U;JKBe cs. TpmpyHa. H O.J HaqHHa Ha KOjH jc

•ase noKa3yjy .[Ia jc OJI

cpe.JIIHC 20-ux rO.llHHa

ra _ie HeKat~a 3anpeMao

3irHorpa;xuMa. Moryhe

'!!\OB TIOCC.ll ).lOlllJJH Ha

Cli:IHOM IIpCy3HMafby -~23!!.111 cy CC CaCBHM

mm1. IlpKsa je 6p3o crna HaqafbeHa O.LI

·b. 6eHC.LIHKTHHUH cy

lfTO fiOTOKa illypafb, Ojl! je O.U ITaMTI1BeKa

!OaHTHqKe rpaljemme ,. flO'iKapy. Ha HCTOM fill~! H Y:lKHM 60'IHI1M

r;·Kpyamor o6Jli1Ka, c )0.1IIK. fpal)eBHHa je

lice usque ad litus maris, ..., T)'Ma<reH jc Kao HaJIIB

Dlf.li!T<OM lmpuruneHo jc 1 Kojn ce 'I}'Ba y T3B.

13.

3H)l3Ha O)l rpy6o JIOMJbCHOr 11 CJia6o TCCaHOr K3MCHa KaKaB CC MO'iKC H3ll11 y OKOJII1HI1

KoTopa, ca .[10.[13TKOM cpC)lfbC3pH3CTOr MaJITCpa, Kpeqa 11 11CI1TfbCHC OIICKC. Y K3CH11jC

BpCMC l.\pKBI1 cy IIp11.LIO)l3TC )lBC K3TICJIHI.(C Ca jy'iKHC H CCBCpHC crpaHC. 0HO IIITO IIaJ.(a y Qql1 jeCTe IIOCTOjalbe )lpeHa:>I<HOr CHCTCMa KOjl1 je CJIY)!(I10 3a O.llBO~CfbC II02.(3CMHI1X BOJ.(a.

BpeJIO illypafb IIOCTaje IIOCC6HO jaKO 3a BpCMC KHWHI1X ;.(aHa, a UpKBCHOM 32.(3fbY rrpeT!IJIO

je 11 MOpe. fiO)l3CMHC BOJ.(C cy rOTOBO HCIIpCCTaHO IIOTKOIIaBaJIC TCMCJbC, T3KO ;.(a CC ca

MHOrO orrpas,naHI1X pa3JIOra MO'iKC IIpCTIIOCTaBHTH ,na je HCMOrynHOCT 6op6e Ca CTHXHjOM rrpe,ncTaBJbaJia rJiaBHI1 pa3JIOr 3a HarryiiiTafbe caKpanHor 3,llafba 11 Iberoso rrperryiiiTal:he

HCYMHTHoj cy,L16HHH. IlasJie M11josrrh HHje HMao ,nsoj6e .na cy apxeoJI03H HaHIIIJIH Ha

OCTaTKC MaHaCT11pCKOr KOMIIJICKCa CBCTOr flerpa Ha lliypal:hy, IIO,llllrHyTor He,nyro HaKOH

capal.\CHCKor Harra,na Ha KoTop 840/1. ro,nnHe57

•

ITpnmrKOM ocsehefba KaTe,npaJie .::s. TprrrryHa I 9 . .iYHa I I 66. ro,n11He 6uo je

rrpncyraH rr fleTap, orraT CseTor flerpa'8

. flo csoj rrpHJIHI.\H pa,nHJIO ce o orraTy

6eHe,nnKTI1HCKor MaHaCT11pa Ha lllypafhy. CseTI1 fleTap ce KpajeM 20-nx ro,nrma I 3. seKa

IIOMiflbC 11 y jC,liHOM HapaTI1BHOM 113BOpy. Y III1Tal:hy je JICKI.(Hja 0 IIpCHOCY CJ!Q6He 2Jla6e 113 6pes11japa KaTC)lpaJIHC l.\pKBC qnj11 je ayrop KOTOpCKH CIIIICKOII BJiacrrje (1221- 1239).

KpeHyBIIII1 113 U:ap11rpa)la, HJlyhrr rrpeKo )J;paqa rr YJIUIIfba, rprosau MaT11ja EoHawa

OJlJiyql1o je )la )lparol.(eHy peJII1KBI1jy, masy rpaJ.\CKOr narpoHa, rrpe KOHaqHor yJiacKa y

KoTop Ha je)laH )laH 113JIO)!{I1 y l.\PKBI1 cs. flerpa prope civitatem. CseqaHa rrpouecrrja Ha

qeJiy ca erri1CKOIIOM BJiac11jeM 3arryr11Jia ce )lO CseTor Ilerpa KaKo 611 rrpey3eJia peJII1KBI1jy,

KOja je IIOTOM y3 IICBafbC XI1MHI1 11 IIOXBaJia CBCUY 3aiiiTI1THI1KY IIOJIO)!(CHa Ha rJiaBHI1 OJITap

KaTC)lpaJIHC l.\pKBC )la 611 je BCpH11l.(lf UCJIIIBaJII1. flpeMa OBOM 113BOpy IIpCHOC CJIG6He 2JIG6e

O)l11rpao CC 18. HOBCM6pa 1227. rO)li1HC59

. 0BI1 IIO)lal.(l1 CBC)lOqe 0 yme)ly KOjl1 je

MaHacmp cs. ITerpa jow OJl paHI1je y)!{I1Bao Me~y cseiiiTeHCTBOM 11 sepH11l.\11Ma KoTOpcKe

errHCKOIII1je. TaKo~e, yrryhyjy Ha 33KJbyqaK )la je MaHacmp npe)lcTasJbao HeKy spcTy

ycnyTHe cTamrue Ha rryry rrpeMa KoTopy. MaHaCT11p CB. flerpa Ha illypafby IIOMI1fbe ce BI1Ille rryra y HajcTap11jHM cy)lCKO­

HOTapCKIIM Kl:hl1raMa. Y rrpsoj IIOJIOBI1Hlf 14. CTOJiella MaHaCT11p je 6110 COJII1)lHOr

11MOBI1HCKOr CTafba, paCIIOJiarao je rOTOBI11\1 HOBUCM TaKO )la je y je)lHOM rpeHyTKY IIOCTaO

KpC)li1TOp KOTOpCKe OIIIIITUHe, KaO U 3CMJblfll1TCM Ha IIIIIpeM IIOJlpyqjy )laHaiiifber TI1BTa

Koje ce y l:herosoM rroce,ny HaJia311JIO o.n ,naHHI1Ha.60

Ha fberosoM qeJiy HaJia3no ce dompnus Petrus, abbas et rector ecclesie sancti Petri de Surana. fleTap je, 3arrpaso, 6110 rrapox

MaHaCT11pCKe l.\pKBe KOja Ce yrrpaBO 1'11X )lCUeHI1ja CBC BI1IIIC rrpeTBapaJia y 0611qHy

rrapoxnjcKy l.\pKBy, IIITO HapaBIIO He 11CKJbyqyje MOrynHOCT )lacy peTKI1 6eHC2.(11KT11HU11 TY jorn yseK npoHaJia3l!JIH }'TO'IIIliiTe, Kao liiTO je TO 6110 CJiyqaj ca CseTI1M nop~eM KO)l

ITepacTa.

KoTopcKa OIIIIIT:ma )lOHeJia je I 364. rO)li1He OJlJIYKY .[(a ce Ha ro)li1HY )laHa

H3a6epy ITO ,liBOjrrl.(a IIJieMIIlla KOjH 6II o6aBJbaJII1 JlY)!(HOCT IIpOKypaTOpa MaHaCT11pa Ha

IIO)lpyqjy rpa,Ua 11 .U11C1JHIKT3. fhiiXOB 3a)laTaK 6110 611 ;.(a ce CTapajy 0 CBCMY IIITO je Ha

KOPHCT )l0TllqH11M MaHaCTHpHMa. ToM rrp11JIIIKOM IIOHaoco6 cy IIOMCH}'Tlf CseTI1 nop~e O,ll

3ani1Ba, CseTa KJiapa KoTopcKa 11 CseTI1 fleTap de Surana. ITneM11hy, Koj11 6n o,n6rro )lace

57 Mnjoaillt 1962-1963, 27-47. 58 Smiciklas 1904, 102 (N2 98). 59 Farlati 1800, 437-438. 0 .zwyroj -rpaHcnarmjn MOlliTHjy ca. Tpmfl)'Ha ca nperneJ(OM H3Bopa n CTapnje mrreparype v. MIIT)Joanli. 2010,245-247. 60 Monumenta Catarensia I, 41 (N~ 66); Monumenta Catarensia II, 322 (N2 124 7), 325 (N2 1261); 349 (N21372).

249

rrpHxsanr .LIYJKHOCTH, rrpeTHJia je KaJHa y HJHocy O.LI 25 Hrreprrepa61

. O.r~JiyKa KoTopcKIIx

sena He.r~socMHcneHo cse.z:~oqlf o ToMe .[Ia je CseTH IIeTap Ha lllypalliy y TO speMc joru yscK

CMaTPaH MaHaCTHpOM. San Piero asuragna ce y rrHcaHHM HJsopHMa rrocne.[lfhH rryT rrOMHfbe 1503.

ro.[IHHe, y TecTaMeHTY rrneMHna BacHnHja .JJ:paro, KOjH je mpa3HO JKeJI,y na ce y TOj upr<BH cnyJKe MHCe Ja rroKoj fberose .z:~yrne. Y TOM TPCHYTKY CseTH IIeTap je cacBHM H3BCCHO

6 . 62

rrpC.[ICTaSJhaO 0 IfqHy rrapOXHJCKY UpKBY .

CseTu MuxauJlo KoTopcKu

Me~y orraTHMa KOjH cy rrpiicycTBOSaJill ocsencfhy CseTor TprmyHa 19. jyHa

1166. ro.[IHHe HanaJHO ce H IIeTap, abbas sancti Michahelis Catarensis63. IIornTo je cacBllM

II3BCCHO .z:~a rroMeHYTII IIeTap HHje 6IIo orraT CseTOr MIIxaiina Ha IIpesnauii, 6ynynn na y TOM MaHaCTIIpy 6eHe.[IIIKTIIHaUa HIIje 6IIJ10 Ben rOTOSO qiiTaBO CTOJJene, IIOMIIillJbaJIO ce Ha

MOrynHOCT ,[Ia je y IIIITafby 6IIJ1a OIIaTIIja IICTe IIOCSeTe KOja Ce HaJia3IIJ1a y CaMOM rpa}ly.

HsaH OcTojHli o.z:~6auHo je osy rrpenwcTaBKY cMarpajynii .r~a je y Herrocpe.r~Hoj oKoJIIIHII

KoTopa sen IIOCTojano HeKOJ1IIKO perrpe3eHTaTIISHIIX 6eHe.[IIIKTHHCKIIX MYillKIIX MaHaCTHpa

nonyT CseTor nop~a II CseTor IIeTPa Ha lllypalliy, Te ,[Ia je .[IOTIIqHII IIeTap Jarrpaso 6HO

peKTop CseTor MIIxaiina, je.r~He O.LI HajcTapiijiix rpa.r~cKIIX upKaBa, KOjii je npeMa o6IIqajy

Ha3IISaH II OIIaTOM64

•

ApXIITeKTOHCKa II apxeonornKa IICTPaJKIISafha CseTor MIIxaiina sprueHa 1982. H

1983. ro.[IIIHe rroKaJana cy .z:~a ce Ha MecTy upKse IIO.[IHrHyTe y 14. seKy HaJJaJHna caKpanHa

rpa~esiiHa .r~aneKo seniiX pa3Mepa Koja je IIMaJia neT nonpeqHIIX TPaseja. BeposaTHO je y

IIIITafhy 6IIna TP06po.r~Ha rrpepoMaHHqKa 6aJllJ1IIKa rro.[IHrHyTa y 9/10. seKy, qifjH cy

TeMeJbii OTKpHSeHII Ha 1,6 m .z:~y6IIHC y O.[IHOCY Ha HHBO IIOCTOjene UpKSC. TaKO~e, y

aiiCII.[III II Ha IICTOqHOM 3IIJlY IIpB06IITHe UPKBe HaiiiiiJ10 CC Ha cpparMCHTC )KllBOIIHCa KOjll

npHKaJyje Hl13 cseTHTCJha y OpHaTy. fipoHa~eHH cy OCTaUII KaMeHe OJITapcKe nperpa.[IC,

qeTBpTacTor cTy6IIna KOjii je npii.LipJKasao rrpso6IITHY cseTy TPIIeJy, CIIHTPOHOHa, Kao 11

tiJparMCHTII HaTIIIICa, illTO cse IIOTIIqe Il3 3penor npepoMaHIIqKOr rrepHO.[Ia. I1Ma IIH.[IHUIIja

,[Ia Ce Kp03 jyJKHa spaTa yna3IIJ10 y sene .[ISOpiiruTe Ca KOMIIJleKCOM MaHaCTIIpCKHX 3rpa.z:~a.

fipso6IITHa UpKBa CB. MIIXaiiJJa BepOBaTHO je IIOCTOjana .[10 cpe.[IH.He 14. BeKa, Ka,[la je

nopyiiieHa y HeKOM O.LI jaq11x 3eMJbOTPeca. Ha fbeHOM MecTy IIO.[IHrHyTa je upKsa Koja . 65

IIOCTOJII II .[laHaC . HeMa .r~soj6e .z:~a cy npoHa~eHII ocTaUII cTapuje caKpanHe rpa~esuHe npHrra.[lanii

6eHC.LIIIKTHHCKoj onaTujii cs. M11xauna noMeHyToj y ucnpasii o ocsenefhy KaTe.r~panHe upKse. Oso je je.[IHHII 6eHe.[IHKTHHCKH MYIIIKH MaHaCTHp KojH ce HanaJIIo YHYTap KOTopcKHx JH.LIHHa. EeHC.[IIIKTHHUH cy ce peTKO HacTafhHSaJIH y rpa.r~osuMa, 6y.z:~yn11 .z:~a osaj MOHaiiiKH pe.[l y Haqeny HIIjC IIOKaJIISaO MHOrO CKJ10HOCTH Ka yp6aHOM HaqiiHY

JKH.soTa. IIopcn Tora, npocTop Koju IIM je cTajao Ha pacnonarafhy YHYTap 6e.r~eMa Mopao jc

ITO IIpllpO.LIIl CTSapii 6HTII CKyqCH, IIITO je O.[ly.Liapano 0.[1 OCHOSHHX KOHUCIIUHja

opraHHJauuje MaHacTupcKor KOMIIJJeKca. CseTII M11xauno je, no csoj npHJJHUH, 3anycTeo

jorn TOKOM 13. cTonena, .r~oKje fberos xpaM rrpeTsopeH y rrapoxnjcKy UPKBY o qeMy HMaMo

jaCHIIX CSe,[loqaHCTasa y HajcTaplljHM cy.[ICKO-HOTapCKHM KfhllraMa KOje IIOMlllliY

61 Statuta Cathari, 11-12 (cap. 18). 62 IAK SN XXIII, 553. 0 CseroM Ilerpy jorn v. Stjepcevic 20032

, 71; Ostojic 1964, 498-499. 63 Smicik1as 1904, 102 (N2 98). 64 Ostojic 1964,499-500. 65 Cubrovic 1983-1984, 151-159; Mapnmosnh 1995,71-74.

250

npeJBIITepa

Cataro. Y SJ Mnxmma r

Eo6osmnTy

Casestre. il rronpytijy Ill rroMeHYT!IX

He speMe Bl!3a

rrpcBaCXO.J.H

analogiam 1

ce HllCY 3~ IIOJ1p9.3}'\!e~

IIpllXBaTe H

CTora cy 6 jet~Hoj cpe~

IIOJ1a3ll 0.]

IIHCMCHOCT1

apxrrsa y yqeHollll1y,

XpH.rnnaHCK

yMCTHli'-IKU

scriptura b IIopeA TOJ

oiiaTHJ a~ra

CHHOBC KO o6ase3a~ta

c y MepH y K qlfHllO je HaMefbcHa

MorynHoC1

CIIHOSa rr:

npiipyqHe

HOpMa.,!HO

ITH.CaH 6e 6II6J1HOTCI

11. SCKa. l

aHaJIII3a~!l

6eHe.[IIIJo..ll

66 Monurm

232 (N2 65i 769), 193 c 67 AHTOHO 68 Kovacic 69 Ostoj1~ 70 Novak 1 7] 0 ~!3HJ; 72 AntO\~~

('

pa ·. O,nnyKa KOTopcKHx

Uf,y Y TO BpeMe joru yBeK

ffil! fl)'T flOMIUi>e 1503. £e.t.y .na ce y Toj LIPKBH

;!Tap je CaCBHM If3BeCHO

:Tor,_TpHrryHa 19. jYHa ~5is~,_ ITornTo je caCBHM

lipcB.rr11QH, 6y,nylm .11a y 1el1e, ITOMHlliJba.rro ce Ha

. 1a3w1a y caMoM rpa.Liy.

Herrocpe,LIHOj OKOJIHHH

JLX "-IYlliKHX MaHaCTHpa

Hl! ITemp Jarrpaso 6uo

Koju je rrpeMa o6wmjy

:taiLla BpllieHa 1982. If

:Ky Ha.Jia3HJia CaKpaJIHa

1aseja. BeposaTHo je y

9 10. BeKy, 'iHjH cy

ene QpKBe. TaKol)e, y ~!CHTe :lKHBOITHCa KOjH

'e o,lTapcKe rrperpa,Lie,

)', CIIHTPOHOHa, Kao 11

Pl!Ol!a. HMa HH.LIHQ11ja

OlaHaCTHpCKHX Jrpa,Lia.

rne 14. BeKa, Ka,[{a je

'~THyra je LIPKBa Koja

paljeBime rrpurra,Lia.rrn

csenefby KaTe,Lipa.rrHe

ce Ha.Jia3HO YHYTap a.JOBHMa, 6y.Liynn ,[Ia

Ka yp6aHOM HaqHHV 'Tap 6e.r~eMa Mopao j~ ~OBHIIX KOHI.{ciii.~rrja 1 rrpHJIHU:H, 3anycreo llpKay 0 'iCMy HMaMO <i.Ma Koje IIOMHfby

14, 498--499.

rrpe3BI1Tepa JoBaHa - dompnus Johannes, abbas et rector ecclesie sancti Michaelis de Cafaro. Y speMe Koje ITOKp11Bajy rrpBe ,[{Be cy.LICKO-HOTapcKe Kfhrrre (1326--1337) LIPKBa CB.

MHxarrna rroce,noBarra je JeMJbHmTa, BHHorpa,Lie 11 soniMKe y Morop11my, THBTy,

Eo6oBHIIITY ncno,n ITorrosor 6p,na, KopBeiiiy, JaKHH,norry, f1pqfhy, ITO.LIHO Kasqa, in Casestre, in Belille66

. KaKo cy ce roTOBO carr rro6pojaHI1 noKarrrrTeTrr Ha.rra3HJIH Ha

ITO,L:Ipyqjy rrpB06liTHOf rpa.QCKOf ,Q11CTPHKTa He Ype6a liCKJbY'ii1TH MOrynHOCT ,na cy HeKa 0,[1 I> 6 . 67 IIOMeHyTI1X 11Mafba HaCrre,JeHa aiii 113 BpeMeHa Bl13aHT11JCKe yrrpaBe .

He rrocTOje caqysaHrr rr11caH11 TParoBrr o ,Lierrosafby 6eHe.[lrrKTrrHaQa y KoTOpy Ja

BpeMe BH3aHTHjCKC BJia):laBime, aJII1 Ce Ha OCHOBY OHOra IIITO je II03HaTO 0 OBOM peey,

rrpesacxo.r~Ho y jY:lKHOj HTarr11jrr 11 )J;arrMaQrrjl1, aJIH rr y .r~pyr11M .r~erroBHMa EBporre, Mary per analogiam msecTH O,L:~peljeHH JaKlliyquu. Ha npBOM Mecry, fbHXOBH MHCI10HapcKH no.r~yxBaTn

ce HHCY 3aBplliaBaJIH 'IHHOM ITOKpiiiTaBafba noje,[IIIHal.{a II MafbHX 11JII1 BenHX CKYITI1Ha, Ben cy

ITO,L:Ipa3yMeBaJII1 CHCTeMaTCKO ,[leJIOBafbe Meljy HOBOITOKplliTeHI1Ma Ca l.{I1JI,eM ,[Ia OHI1 3.LiymHO

llp11XBaTe HOBe o6paCQC MIIIIIJI,efba If :lKIIBOTHe HaBIIKe y CKJia,Liy Ca XpiimnaHCKOM BepOM .

CTOra cy 6eHe,[IIIKTIIHUII rrpaKTIIKOBaJIII MIIC110HapcKH PM ,noKJie ro.r~ je 3a TaKa He'iiiM y

je.r~Hoj cpe,L:IIIHI1 nocTOjana peanHa IIOTPe6a. ITpeM,na caspeMeHa 11CTOpiiorparp11ja o611'iHO

IIOJia311 0,[1 CTaBa ,[Ia je CB. IleHe,[IIIKT HypciijCKII 0,[1 MOHaxa JaXTeBaO TeK erreMaHTapifY

ITIICMCHOci8, OBa ,LiaTOCT, 11IIaK, rrpejy,nl1l.{Hpa IIOCTOjaH>e CKp11IITOpiijyMa, 6II6JIIIOTeKe II

apXIIBa y OKBIIpy MaHaCT11pCKOf KOMIIJieKCa. beHe,[IIIKTI1HQH cy Ce IICTI1QaJIII CBOjOM

yqeHOIIIny, IIpiiJbe:lKHIIM pa,L:IOM Ha qysaH>y II yMHO:lKaBaH>y 6orOCJIY:lK6eHHX Klf>l1fa II

Xp11IIInaHCKHX III1Cal.{a, aJII1 II ayYopa KJiaC11'iHe CTap11He, KaO 11 Op11riiHaJIHI1M Klf>l1:lKeBHHM 11

yMeTHII'IKHM CTBapanaiiiTBOM69• IJJIO,[I BIIllie,[lel.{eHIIjCKHX Hanopa y TOM CMIICJIY npe,L:ICTaBJba

scriptura beneventana, M11IfYCKYJIHO lli1CMO yo6JIII'ieHO y MOHTeKaCIIIfY KpajeM 8. BeKa70

.

ITope.r~ TOra, 6eHe,[IIIKTIIHU11 cy ce 6aBIIJII1 npocBeTHOM .r~enaTHomny, npii H>I1XOBIIM

orraTIIjaMa rrocTojane cy IIIKone He caMo Ja o6rraTe 11 .r~pyre KJiep11Ke, sen 11 Ja rrneMI1nKe

CHHOBC KOjH cy HaKOH 3aBp11IeTKa lliKOJIOBaH>a HaMepaBaJIH ,[Ia Ce IIOCBeTe ITOp0,[111'iHI1M

o6aBe3aMa 11 'iHCTO CBCTOBHI1M 3aHI1Ma!f>IIMa71

.

CTora je orrpaB.LiaHO npeTnocTaBI1TI1 .r~a cy 11 KOTopcKH 6eHe.[II1KTIIHUH Ha Ha'iHH n

y Mepn y Kojoj ce TO Mor.rro pa3snjan11 HaBe.[leHe ,LierraTHOCTII. CseTII M11xa11no ITpeBrra'iKII

'IHHIIO je BeJIIIKI1 MaHaCT11pCKII KOMIIJieKC y OKBHpy KOra je MO:lK,[Ia ITOCTOjana IllKOJia

HaMeH>eHa MOHaiiiKOM 11 csemTeHI1'iKOM rro.r~MrraTKy. TaKolje, He 6u TPe6arro o.r~6aQ11TH

MorynHOCT .[Ia cy ce 6eHe,[IHKTI1Hl.{H KOjH cy ,[leJIOBaJII1 y KoTopy 6aBHJIII OIII1CMeH>aBa!f>eM

CHHOBa IIaTPI11..111jaTa. IJpu ITOMeHyYHM MaHaCT11pHMa CBaKaKO cy ITOCTOjane 6apeM

IIpHpyqHe 6H6JII10TCKC H apX11BH y KOjHMa cy 'iyBaHH ,LIOKyMeHTH 0,[1 BHTaJIHOf 3Ha'iaja 3a

HOpMaJIHO cPYHKQHOHHCaihe 3aje,LIHIU.(C. ,[(eo THX CITHCa H ,[IOKyMeHaTa BepOBaTHO je 6HO

rrHcaH 6eHeBeHTaHOM. Y apxHBCKoj 36HpUH Miscellanea y noce.r~y <DpaH>eBa'iKe

6H6JIHOTCKe y KoTopy 'iyBa Ce HeKOJIHKO rpparMeHaTa ITHCaHHX 6eHeBeHTaHOM H3 10. HJIH

11. BCKa, aJIH OHH HHCY 6HJIH IIO,LIBpfH)'TH 036HJbHHjHM rrarreorpa<flCKHM H TeKCTOJIOillKHM

aHaJIH3aMa, TaKO ,[Ia 3aCa,[la HHje Moryne penH ,Lia Jill eBeHyYaJIHO ITOTH'iY H3 HeKOf 0,[1

6eHe.IlHKTHHCKHX MaHaCTHpa Ha IIIHpeM rro.npyqjy KoTopa72

. JocHrr neJI'iHh, HCTHHa He

66 Monumenta Catarensia I, 63 (NQ 142), 67 (NQ 154), 82-83 (NQ 204), 141 (NQ 382), 229-230 (NQ 651), 232 (NQ 657), 235 (NQ 666), 288 (NQ 837), 432 (NQ 1306); Monumenta Catarensia II, 139 (NQ 558), 191 (N~ 769), 193 (NQ 777), 276 (N~ I 067). 67 AHToHoaHn 2003, 199-209. 0 rrof:lpyqjy KOTopcKe errHcKomrje v. Mitrovic 2007,31-37. 68 Kovacic2010, 100. 69 Ostojic 1963, 151-154. 70 Novak 1920; Novak 19802, 155-163. 71 0 MaHacmpcKHM Il!KOJiaMa y EBporm y rrepHotzy o.r~850. ,1:10 1100. romme v. JlnHq 1999, 121-122. 72 Antovic 2004, 288.

251

HaBO,llCllH H3BOp, llOM!UhC H3BCCHOr rprypa, 6eHC,llllKTHHU,a H3 CBeTor nop~a, KOjH jc

1102. ro.urrHe 3aBpumo rmcalhe Klhrrre je,llHOCTaBHO .ue<}JHHllCaHe Kao codice teologico13

.

DCHC,llHKTHHU,H cy BCJIHKY rra)Klhy llOKJialhaJIH MaHyCJIHOM pa.uy, TaKO ,lla cy pa3Bl1jamr

H3BCCHC THllOBC llOCJIOBalha KOjH cy 4CCTO ,llOllpHHOCIIJIH rrpiiBpC,llHOj a<}JIIpMaUHjii . 74 II . 6 4HTaBHX llO,llpyqja . OCTOJH 0 HJbC CBC,ll04aHCTaBa 0 rrp!1Bpc.UHIIM aKTHBHOCTIIMa H

COJill,llHOM MaTepnjaJIHOM llOJIO)Kajy 6eHC,llHKTHHCKHX OITaTnja y KpajcBHMa ll3Mcl)y

KoTopa n Jbewa no,u cprrcKoM n MJieTa4KOM Brrawny, cTora HeMa Mecra C)'Mlhii ):{a cy

TCMCJbll MaHaCTllpCKC CKOHOMnje y,uapcHII TOKOM rrpBHX BCKOBa nprrcyCTBa

6eHC,llllKTHHal(a Ha OBHM IIpOCTOpHMa, Tj. y ,1l06a Bll3aHTHjCKC yrrpaBC. 0 BCJIHKOM yrne,uy 6eHC,llllKTHHCKOr MOHaWTBa y Bl13aHTifjCKOM Koropy CBC,l.IO'Ut

rrpHCYCTBO HCKOJIHUHHC OITaTa Ha CBC4aHOCTH OCBCllCI:ba KaTC,l.lpa.JIHC u;pKBe CB. TpnnyHa,

Koja je O,llp)KaHa 19. jyHa 1166. rO,llllHC. Ha TpHMa OJITaprrMa HOBOilO,lliirHYTOr xpaMa

cny)KnJIH cy nope,u KOTopcKor MajoRa jow Tpojnua errncKorra, aJI6aHcKn Jla3ap, ,uprrBacTrrjcKrr MapTnH n ym.J,HlhCKn JoBaH, y3 cacJiy)Kclhe qaK ocMoprrue HacTojHnKa 6eHe,llHKTnHCKHX onaTrrja. IIope,u KOTopcKnx 6eHe,unKTHHaua - IIeTpa, onaTa CBeTor

Mnxarrna, IIeTpa, onaTa CBeTOr IIeTpa, ll JoBaHa, orraTa CBeTOr nopl)a, 6HJIH cy rrp11CYTHH rr MrrxarrJio, onaT (apxrrMaH,uprrT) CBeTor JoBaHa y lllTojy Kpaj )J;prrsacTa, IIeTap, onaT

(apxrrMaH.uprrT) CBeTHX Cpl)a rr BaKxa Ha EojaHn, JoBaH, onaT CBeTOr Cnaca EapcKor, Tprr<}JyH, onaT CBCTC Maprrje Ey,uBaHCKC, ll nopi:Je, onaT CBeTor Cnaca Arr6aHCKOL

CBC4aHOCTH cy rrpncycTBOBaJIH H rrpe,llCTaBHHU:H CBCTOBHHX BJiaCTII KHp 1-baHaK, ,uyKC )J;aJIMaurrje n )J;yKJbe, KOTopcKH npnop BnTa, rrpnop ap6aHCKH AH,uprrja rr rr3a6paHrr

II 75 0 . . CBa4Kll CllHCKOI1 CTap . BO JC YJC,llHO H IIOCJIC,lllhH UOMCH 0 npncyCTBY rrpc,llCTaBHHKa

BII3aHTrrjcKe BnacTH y KoTopy. HenyHe ,llBC ,ueu:eHrrje KacHrrje rpa,u ce Ben HaJiaJHO rro.u

Bnawny pawKor BCJIHKor )KyrraHa CTe<}JaHa HeMaiDe. Kao WTO je BCll HCTaKHYTO, 6eHC,llllKTHHUH cy OTHWJIH ca ilpeBJiaKe HCr,lle y

,llpyroj llOJIOBHHH 11. CTOJIClla. MaTCpHjaJIHH OCTaU,H CBC,ll04C ,lla Hrrje 6rrrro HaC!IJba, TC .ua

je npeBJia4Kll KOMilJICKC y HCKOM TpCHYTKY je,llHOCTaBHO HarryWTCH 11 rrperryWTCH 3y6y

BpeMeHa. IIpeurr3aH o,uroBop Ha nnmlhe Koje ce caMo o,u ce6e HaMene HcMoryne je ,uaTII c 063HpOM Ha HC,llOCTaTaK UHCaHHX CBC,ll04aHCTaBa ll OCKY,llHOCT apXCOJIOlliKHX HCTpa)KHBalha, WTO HaC HITaK HC crrpeqaBa ,lla rrpeTITOCTaBIIMO ,lla cy 6eHC,llllKTHHU:H

TrrBaTCKH 3aJIHB HanycTHJIH Ha rro3HB ,uyKJbaHCKHX Bna,uapa. Y ,upyroj rronoBHHH 11. CTOJIClla lhllXOBa HCTOpHjCKa MHCHja Ha TOM llO,llpyqjy 6HJia je ,llOBpWCHa, CTaHOBHHWTBO je BCll yBcJIHKO 6HJIO XpHCTHjaHH30BaHO H llO,ll CBC ja4HM YTHL(ajeM KoTOpCKC CITHCKOITHje.

Ha ,upyroj ·cTpaHH, no,upwKa 6eHC,llHKTHHCKOr MOHawTBa, cBaKaKo, 6Hna je O,ll BCJIHKC KOpHCTH ,uyKJbaHCKHM BJia,uaprrMa y BpeMe ocHHBaiDa EapcKe apxHenHCKOrrHje. IIo4eB o,u

Kpaja 11. BCKa pe,ll CB. DCHC,llHKTa 6eJIC)Kll CTarHaUHjy, llOTOM Olla,llalhC y CaMoj j~Hoj IiTaJIHjH, TaKO ,lla CC y HaqeJiy HHje MOrao 04CKHBaTII BCllll npHJIHB MOHaXa H3

npeKOMOpCKHX KpajeBa, llpCM,lla cy y3ajaMHC BC3C UOCTOjaJIC ll 3HaTHO KaCHHje. IIpeceJbaBalhe MalhHX rr BenHx MOHaWKHX cKyrrHHa y 3aBHCHOCTH o,u aKTyeJIHHX

OKOJIHOCTH ll 110TpC6a rrpC,llCTaBJba KOHCTaHTY y IICTOpHjH 6eHC,llHKTHHCKOr pe.ua, llOCe6HO

Ka,lla cy y IIHTalhy jy)KHOHTaJIHjaHCKC 06JiaCTH, WTO ynynyje Ha 3aKJbyqaK ,lla CC HCWTO CJIH4HO Morno ,uoral)aTH rr Ha npocTopy H3Mel)y KoTopa H Jbewa. HanocneTKy, MO)K,lla cy

ynpaBO BHWCCTOJICTHC 6eHC,lllfKTHHCKC Tpa,llHUHje, 3ajc.UHO Ca aKTycJIHHM llOJIHTH4KHM ll

rrpHBpC,llHHM pa3JI03HMa, ,llOllpHHCJIC ,lla KOTOpCKH CUHCKOll y BpCMC cyKo6a ll3Mefjy ,uy6poBa4KOr ll 6apCKOr apXHCllllCKOUa ,llOHCCC O,llJlYKY 0 CTynalhy llO,ll jypHC,llHKUHjy

. I' . 76 apXHCllHCKOUHJC y uapHJY .

73 Gelcich 1880, 196. 74 Redovnicka pravila, 275-277 (cap. 31, 32, 33, 34), 284-285 (cap. 48), 289 (cap. 57). 75 Farlati 1800, 433; Smiciklas 1904, I 02 (N~ 98). 76 HajpaHHjH IlOMCH KOTOpCKOf Clll!CKOila y CBOjCTBY cyljlparaHa 6apHjCKOf apXHCilliCKOUa, KOjll HC

252

Ka,:ra

CC,llHWTC H3n0]

,[l,peBHB MBHJC

604HH KOH"fi'2

KYIIOJIOM, 0411 HOBH MaH1lCTl Ml!IpOilOITllj e. MOHaXa

78• [Bf

npey3eo je oKt u,pKBY caMO r:

rronpm.mrra o. ciiHCKOIIH CY . apxnacKoj r-p: ITOMlllhC dorm.

)J;aBHO HalT~

CseroMHXO.t.\ CBCTH Ticrap Ha Ulypalh:· 1

Jc,llHHll 6eHC.J

o_up)J(H CBC J noro,uoBa:lc. ( !104CB OJ. 1 2-J OillllTIIHCKIIX

xaaRy Eoz_-, '' no4l!Bajy. :· s

r:::-:~

6eHC,L(!1KTl!E~i

rrereH,llapHor. KoropcKo ca.

UHCMCHO yo6 KrrrrMemy \'I nanCKOM ,JBO

je HaCTOJ'lO yHyrpaWroCC DCHC,llHKTC. .• npc,ucTaB:ba.l

rrpe,ucTase o CTOTHHaK ro.

Bll,llH Ha rrpu

nowreJKe c:->!I

AeTa.JhHO V. ~~ 77 JaHKOBiffi I 78 YcMeHo ca

79 nypnh 19~ 80 Stjepcevic 81 0 Caero~1 40-57; Amo1 82 Farlati 1 :-0 83 Cf Pa:tOBl

84 Themcr '' 302.

I Cseror nopl)a, Koju je

1e Kao codice teologico73•

y. TaKo ,lla cy pa3sujarru

lpiiBpC,IlHOj aqmpMaU:HjH

1-eJHIIM aKTIIBHOCTHMa H

a y KpajeBHMa H3Mefjy

e:o.ta MCCTa CYJ\1H..H ,lla cy

IX SCKOSa rrpucyCTBa laB e.

mjcKoM Koropy cse,llotru LlHe U:PKBe cs. TpurryHa, HOBOIIO,IlHrHyTor xpaMa

mna, arr6aHCKH Jla3ap, K OCMOPHU:C HaCTOjHHKa - I1erpa, orrara Cseror 10pija, 6rum cy rrpucyrHu

.:lpusacra, I1erap, orrar Cseror Crraca EapcKor, ~Tor Cnaca AJI6ancKor. acru KHp lbaHaK, .rlYKC II AH,Ilpuja H HJa6paHH pucycrsy npe,llcrasHrrKa JaJ Ce sen HaJia3HO IIO,Il

if ca ITpesJiaKe Her,lle y mje 6rmo nacuJI.a, re ,lla ITCH 11 nperrylllTCH Jy6y o~die neMoryne je ,!laTH c 0"JHOCT apXCOJIOlllKHX ) .Ja cy 6eHC,IlHKTHHU:H ( .Jpyroj IIOJIOSHHH 1 1. 'BPWCHa, CTaHOSHHlllTSO

• KoTOpcKe errHcKormje. lKO, 6rrJia je O,ll SCJlllKC HeiiHCKOIIrrje. I1otres O,ll na.:~aH..e y caMoj jJ)I<Hoj 111 rrprrmm MOHaxa H3 IC If 3HaTHO KaCHrrje. CHOCTH on aKTyCJIHHX mmcKor pena, rroce6no

3aKJI. )"-laK ):(a ce HCIIJTO HanocJICTKy, MOlK,Ila cy ·yeJIHHM llOJJHTUqKHM H

speMe cyKo6a H3Mefjy

I.H..y ITO):( jypHC):(HKU:Hjy

:cap. 57).

Jr apxrremicKorra. KOjl! He

Ka.ua je Casa HeMaH..un 1220. ro.uuHe ocHosao 3ercKy enucKonujy Ja H..eHo ce.uuwre H3a6pao je HeKa.uawH..y 6eHe.UHKTHHCKY onaTujy cs. MuxauJia Ha I1pesJiau:H

77•

)J,pesHa MaHaCTHpCKa U:pKsa, 'IHja IIOCSeTa HHje npOMCIDCHa, 06HOSJI.eHa je, Ha'IHH..CHH cy 60trHH KOHTpa<PopH KaKO 611 3,UaiDe H3.Up:a<aJIO repeT ROBe KpOBHC KOHCTPYKU:Hje ca KYIIOJIOM, O'IHWneHa je KOCTypHHU:a H OCJIHKaHa yHyrpawiDOCT XpaMa. 3aHHM.JbHSO na HOSH MaHaCTHpCKH KOMllJICKC, npeM,Ua CC,UHWTC CllHCKOllHje, on 1346. fO,UHHC -MHrpOIIOJIHje, HHje 6no HapO'IHTO penpe3CHTaTHSaH, HHTH HaMCIDCH SCJIHKOM 6pojy MOHaxa78

. CseTOf I1erpa fpa_natrKOf, KOjH je, TaKol)e, sen HCKO speMe 6HO HanywreH, npcyJeo je OKO 1269. ronnHe JeTcKn enncKon Heo<!>HT. OH je no csoj npuJIHU:H nocrojeny U:pKsy caMO npeype,UHO _uonasWH rpaHCCllT Ca npasoyraOHHM ITCSHHU,aMa 'IHMC je OHa

. ~ 3 IIOllpHMHJia O,UJIHKC paWKOf CTHJia, noK JC yHyrpaWIDOCT xpaMa )!(HSOIIHCaHa . CTCKH CITHCKOITH cy pano 6opaBHJIH npH CseTOM ilerpy fpanatrKOM, 6y.uynH ,Ua CC y KOTOpCKOj apxHscKoj rpafjn nospeMeHo jasJI.ajy ca arpH6yroM de Graze. TaKo ce 1399. ro.UHHC noMHIDe domus domini episcopi de Graze in contrata sancte Marie Magdalene y KoTopl

0•

)J,asHO HarryWTCHC 6eHC,UHKTHHCKC HaCTaM6C Ha JlyWTIIU:H ITOCTaJIC Cy .UCO . . 81

CseTOMHXOJhCKC MCTOXHJC, TaKO na cy npeTBOpCHC y npaBOCJJaBHC napOXHJCKC xpaMOBC CscTH ITeTap y EnjeJroj ocrao je y HanJie)!(HOCTH KaToJmtrKor csewreHCTBa. CseTn I1erap Ha lllypaiDy n CserH MuxaHJIO y rpa.uy speMeHoM cy npersopeHH y napoxujcKe u:pKse. Je,UHHH 6eHC,UHKTHHCKH MaHaCTHp y KoTOpCKOj CIIIICI<OllHjH, KOjH je KaO TaKaB ycneo ,Ua CC o.up)!(H cse .uo y OCSHT HOSOr no6a, 6Ho je Csenr nopfje ucnpc.u I1epacra. ToMe je noro_uosarra OKOJIHOCT na je KOTOpCKa KOMyHa Y)!(HBaJia narpOHaTCKO npaso Ha,U lf>HM notres on 1247. ronnHe Ka.Lla je enncKon )J,eonar, Ha MOJI6y KanHTOJia Cseror TpHnyHa, OIIWTHHCKHX opraHa H onara nopfja, ,UaHa 12. CCllTCM6pa OCSCTHO MaHaCTHpCKY U,pKsy Ha xea11y Eozy u cRaey Mapuju u ceemuM MyYJemrt{UMa A6iJoHy u CeHeHy, trnje MOWTH ry

nOLil!Bajy, y speMc nane I1HoneHruja IV 11 KpaJI.a Ypowa 182•

I1pncycrso npasocnasHor MOHawrsa Ha I1pesnau:n rrornyHo je HCTHCHYJJO 6Cl!CiJ-HKTHHCKC ·rpap.HU,Hje, Kojc cy MaKap y BH.LIY MarJIOSHTOf CenaiDa npOTKaHOf npHMCCaMa nereH,UapHor, csaKaKo rrocroja;Ie y rpeHyrKy o6HoBc Cseror Muxanna oKo 1220. ro,nHHe

83.

KoropcKO CSCWTCHCTBO 'IYflaJIO je ycnOMCHY Ha npncycTSO H ,UCJiaTHOCT 6CHC.UHKTHHaU:a, ITHCMCHO yo6JIH'ICHY y npencraSKaMa KOje je KOTOpCKa .[{CJICrau:nja IIO,UHCJia Ha pa3MarpaiDe KJiuMCHTY VI KpajeM 1345. n notreTKOM 1346. ro.[{HHe. Pa.JJI03H 6opasKa ose .uenarau:Hjc Ha nancKOM .[{Sopy y ABnH..OHY THU,aJIH cy CC aKTyCJIHHX npeTCH3Hja KOTOpCKOr CllHCKOlla, KOjH je HacTojao .[{a .uo6rrje JBaHH'If!Y rrorsp.uy jypHC.UHKu:uje Han KaTOJIH'IKHM napoxHjaMa y yHyrpawiDOCTH cpncKe .up)!(ase. Y TOM nome.uy no3HBaiDe Ha JanycreJie MaHacrnpe pe.ua cs. DCHC.UHKTa, KOjH cy T060)!(C y HCKO HCO.[{pel)eHO spCMC orprHyTH O.U KOTOpCKOf CllHCKOITa, npe.ucrasJI.aJIO je .uo6ap apryMeHT y npcrosopHMa ca nanoM KOjH Hrrje mrao 6aw HajjacHHje rrpe.ncTaBe o 36nBaH..llMa ll upKBCHHM rrpHJIHKaMa y )J,ywaHosoj .np)!(aBJI

84. 3aHHMJbHBo .[{a je

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Katarina Mitrovic

BENEDICTINES IN THE BYZANTINE KOTOR

Starting from the 830s the Benedictines in the south of Italy were exposed to the Saracen and other outlaw attacks leaving their monasteries endangered and looted. The troubles culminated by the conquest of Montecassino in 883. Due to the strengthening of the Byzantine authorities, the circumstances in the eastern Adriatic coast seemed by far more stable and suitable for the life of the monastic communities. Besides, some Slavic population lived in the hinterland of the Byzantine towns and they were slowly penetrating to the coastal areas for more than two centuries. Those people were gradually building up their relation with the Romans from the urban areas. The Slavs were still the worshippers of the old religion or only partly christianised. The conversion of the Balkan Slavs was one of the primary aims of the Byzantine politics. In that aspect the Benedictines posed an excellent choice when it came to the Slavic neighbours of the Byzantine towns on the Adriatic coast. Those were the monks who set up their monasteries in the rural areas close to the main traffic and town centres whose way of living fitted in the mentality and the habits of the agrarian society and they enjoyed the reputation of being successful missionaries. The christianisation of the Slavic people enabled the spread of the cultural models from the Byzantine authority centres, which invoked the strengthening of the ideological positions and firming the factual power. On the other hand, the popes had to view these feats benevolently since the Benedictines almost immaculately contributed to the strengthening of the Roman Church positions in Dalmatia. Therefore, it is no wonder that in the areas southwards from Dubrovnik the Benedictine presence was recorded first in the vicinity of the Byzantine Kotor and in the town itself as well as in the nearby Budva. The existence of the strong Byzantine authority centre supported the missionary activities and establishing the Benedictine order in the borderline districts of Duklja and Travunija, surely under the rule of the Serbian princes. In the early second half of the 11th century the Benedictines left the Tivat bay, where St Michael's Abbey on Prevlaka was the pillar of their gathering. Sava Nemanjic rebuilt this monastery in 1220 and it became the seat of the Zeta bishop. Metochia sancti Michaelis included the other Benedictine settlements apart from St Peter's in Bijela of which we do not know when it was turned into a Catholic parish. The monasteries of St Peter and St Michael in Kotor gradually turned into the parish churches. It is conspicuous that the Benedictines abandoned their settlements for no visible reason nor the pressure coming from the outside, so that those were mainly some interior motives difficult to be observed clearly. Thus, the only remaining abbey in the area of the Kotor bishopric was StGeorge's Abbey in front ofPerast.

257