Bahamas - World Bank Group

Bahamas

Acknowledgments

The (I)NDC Content Briefs were produced by the Climate Policy

Team of the World Bank Climate Change Group. The team was led

by Sebastian Wienges and Ana Bucher under the supervision of

Stephen Alan Hammer. Detail analysis of country (I)NDC was

provided by Tom Witt, Jiawei Song, Karan Chouksey (mitigation

components), Yin Qiu, Yunziyi Lang, and Prajwal Baral (adaptation

components). The team is grateful for all comments and

suggestions received from regional and sector specialists

regarding the presentation and synthesis of relevant information.

© 2016 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433, U.S.A. Internet: www.worldbank.org

Climate Policy Team | World Bank Group

LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN | Bahamas | (Intended) Nationally Determined Contribution

Introduction In response to a growing interest in understanding (Intended) Nationally DeterminedContributions ((I)NDCs) and with regard to the ultimate goal of supporting countries'implementation of their national climate targets, the World Bank Climate Policy Team (WBCPT) has

reviewed all developing countries (I)NDCs' submitted to the UNFCCC. The (I)NDC Content Brief

aims to provide a summary analysis of existing and instead country mitigation and adaptation

policies and plans, commitments and targets, implementation strategies and sector priorities,

associated costs and conditionalities, and stated gaps and needs, among other issues.

The (I)NDC content briefs are created solely on the basis of information from submitted(I)NDCs and makes no inferences about robustness, quality, or viability of intended policiesor actions.

The (I)NDCs review will help implementing organizations like the World Bank Group (WBG) identify

and familiarize with a range of country priorities in terms of sectoral engagement, and needs in

terms of capacity building, technology transfer, and financing. Based on this comprehensive

mapping exercise, the WBG will develop a useful, easytouse, and interactive database and briefs

of all (I)NDCs to inform a wide range of WBG initiatives and client engagement processes, including

the development of Systematic Country Diagnostics (SCDs) and Country Partnership Frameworks

(CPFs), and at a later stage respond to the more specific requests from all WBG Global Practices

(GPs), regions, and country units for the identification of potential development opportunities,

analytical studies and technical assistance to support countries' implementation of planned policies

and actions. Indepth summaries of (I)NDCs by sectors and regions will be prepared at a later stage.

In regards to Adaptation, although no global adaptation mechanism is established, the ParisAgreement parties are required to engage in adaptation planning and implementation of actions

which include preparation of adaptation plans. The Adaptation section of a large number of

submitted (I)NDCs, aims to increase development planning and scale the ability of countries to

adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse

gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten sustainable development. In

addition to requested finance, the implementation of country commitments is largely tied to

significant amounts of external assistance to support development and execution of adaptation

plans. Although subsequent (I)NDCs are not explicitly required to have an adaptation component,

the process will ensure increased resilience is recognized under the UNFCCC and climate finance

mobilization is enhanced with an aim to achieve a balance between adaptation and mitigation flows.



Table of Contents

I Overall Planning and Preparation Process

II Mitigation

Economywide Targets

Economywide Policies

Mitigation Actions and Policies

III Adaptation

Adaptation Targets

Adaptation Context

Adaptation Actions and Policies

Acronyms

BAU Business as Usual NAMA Nationally Appropriate MitigationActions

CIFPPCR Climate Investment Funds PilotProgram for Climate Resilience

NAP National Adaptation Plan

DRM Disaster Risk Management NAPA National Adaptation Programmesof Action

INDC Intended Nationally DeterminedContributions

REDD+ Reducing emissions fromdeforestation and forestdegradation and the role ofconservation, sustainablemanagement of forests andenhancement of forest carbonstocks in developing countries

LEDS Low Emission DevelopmentStrategy

LULUCF Land Use and Land Use Changeand Forestry

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Overall Planning and

Preparation Process

How reliable is the prioritization of the (I)NDC? How serious is thegovernment about implementing policies and actions to achieve the (I)NDCtargets?

Political decision of adoption of INDC at:Head of state level

Interministerial level

Parliament

Ministry Level

Technical development of INDC through a participatory processStakeholder involvement YES

Multisector commision YES

Have development benefits been assessed and considered in the planningprocess?

Are there climate policies and actions already in place/under development?

LEDS YES

NAMAS

NAPA


$N/A

(in Billion USD)

TOTAL COST OF

IMPLEMENTATION (mitigation and adaptation)


Existing policies:Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change (2009-2015)

Amended Forestry Act (2014)

National Energy Policy (2013)

National Climate Adaptation Policy (2006)

Has the INDC development been supported by a development partner?Technical support

Financial support

Implementation Plans and Needs

Specific requests for international provision of means of implementation:

Technology Transfer YES

Financial support YES

Capacity Building YES

Does the INDC intend the private sector to be involved in theimplementation of the NDC?

Are carbon pricing/international market mechanisms intended?YES

Are there any barriers identified?

Link list:• Bahamas INDC Factsheet (projected per capita emissions): http://www.climateenergycollege.net/files/site1/factsheets/Bahamas_INDCFactsheet_UoMPRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf


http://www.climate-energy-college.net/files/site1/factsheets/Bahamas_INDCFactsheet_UoM-PRIMAP_GWPAR4.pdf

n/a

n/a

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Mitigation

ECONOMY-WIDE TARGETS

Conditionality: INDC page link

Unconditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:Estimated costs for implementation:

Coverage of Gases: CO , CH , N O

Other Targets:

POLICIES:

National Forest Estate

Energy-efficiency building code

Taxes on inefficient vehicles; lower import duties on hybrid and electric vehicles

TARGET YEAR

2030TARGET TYPE

-30%Relative Emission Reduction

Compared to BAU (%)

0.90(in Billion USD)

COST OFIMPLEMENTATION

2 4 2


n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

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n/a


MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIESENERGY

Targets: INDC page link

10% Residential Energy Self Generation Programmes P. 6

Estimated total costs for implementation:

Capacity building needs:

Technology needs:

Unconditional part of mitigation target:

Estimated costs for implementation:

Conditional part of mitigation target:


Emission reduction potential:

Plans:

Energy: General P. 6

Demand-Side Efficiency: Buildings P. 7

Renewable Energy P. 6

Renewable Energy: Biofuels P. 7

Renewable Energy: Waste-to-Energy P. 6

Renewable Energy: Wind P. 6

Energy Efficiency

Renewable Energy: Ocean


http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Bahamas/1/Bahamas%20INDC%20Submission.pdf#page=6







n/a

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MITIGATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

DEMAND-SIDE

EFFICIENCY:

BUILDINGS

Policies: INDC page link

Energy-efficiency building code P. 7



Technology needs:








n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a



RENEWABLE

ENERGYTargets: INDC page link

A minimum of 30% renewables in the energy mix by 2030 P. 6



Technology needs:








n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a



ENERGY

EFFICIENCYActions: INDC page link

Energy efficiency initiative P. 7



Technology needs:








n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a



SUSTAINABLE

LAND

MANAGEMENT

Policies: INDC page link

National Forest Estate P. 8



Technology needs:








n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

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n/a



VEHICLE FLEETPolicies: INDC page link

Taxes on inefficient vehicles; lower import duties on hybrid and electricvehicles

P. 7



Technology needs:








N/A

N/A


Adaptation

ADAPTATION TARGETS

ADAPTATION CONTEXT

Existing National Development/Resilience Policies and Plans

National Communications

NAPs

NAPAS

CIF-PPCRs

Sectoral StrategiesNATIONAL ENERGY POLICY (2013)

AMENDED FORESTRY ACT (2014)

Cross-cutting

NATIONAL CLIMATE ADAPTATIONPOLICY (2006)

REGIONAL FRAMEWORK FORACHIEVING DEVELOPMENTRESILIENT TO CLIMATE CHANGE(2009-2015)

Conditionality:

Unconditional part of adaptation implementation

Conditional part of adaptation implementation

Conditional upon international provision of meansof implementation

TARGET YEAR

N/AN/A

(in Billion USD)

COST OFIMPLEMENTATION


n/a

n/a

Total Implementation Cost for UnconditionalActions: n/a

Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: n/a

Technology Transfer:

Capacity Building: n/a


ADAPTATION ACTIONS AND POLICIES

COASTAL ZONE

COASTAL

MANAGEMENT

Target: INDC page link

P. 3

In 2008, as a part of the Caribbean Challenge Initiative, we committed tothe protection of 20% of our near shore marine environment by 2020, andhave this year (2015) achieved half of our goal.

Actions:

CONDITIONAL ACTIONS: INDC page link

Coastal and Marine Resources and Fisheries: Adopt short-, medium-, andlong-termmeasures to protect coastlines and increase the resilience ofcoastal ecosystems, enforcement of setbacks, and restoration of coastalwetlands

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation

Total Implementation Cost per Subsector:

Implementation Needs:




n/a

n/a







HEALTH

HEALTH SERVICES

AND ASSESSMENT

Actions:


Tracking data on environmental conditions, disease risks, and conditions,related to climate change.

Enhancing the science base to better understand the relationshipbetween climate change and health outcomes.Identifying locations and population groups at greatest risk for specificgroups at greatest risk for specific health threats, such as heat waves.Expanding capacity for modeling and forecasting health effects that maybe climate -related.

P. 4

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a







DISASTER RISK

MANAGEMENT (DRM)

DISASTER RELIEF

AND RECOVERY

Actions:


Financial and Insurance Sectors: An option available is to reduce propertyinsurance cost for high-elevation lots and impose higher property insurancefor properties at lower elevations.

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a







DISASTER

PREPAREDNESSActions:


Human settlements: Relocation of communities from the shoreline. Newcoastal defenses have been built and existing ones strengthened. Buildingcodes have been made more robust to mitigate against increase windloadings; and adapted to a loss of freshwater by employing reverse osmosisfacilities throughout our islands to provide access to potable water

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a







TOURISM

TOURISM:

GENERAL

Actions:


Work with stakeholders in the tourism sector to develop a strategic plan,

which incorporates Climate Change considerations and appropriatemeasures such as water conservation programmes, as well as generalsustainability concerns.

P. 4

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a







AGRICULTURE

FOOD SECURITY

Actions:


Agriculture, livestock development and Fisheries: Formulate and implementstrategies and measures which will help to enhance food security andsustainable food production

P. 4

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a


Total Implementation Cost for ConditionalActions: usd 100.00 million





LULUCF/FORESTRY

SUSTAINABLE

FOREST

MANAGEMENT

Actions:


Further quantify costs for Forest Estate Management Plan for monitoring,

imagery and sustainable forestry management practices.P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a







ENERGY

ENERGY: GENERAL

Actions:


Promote the use of less carbon intensive fuels

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a







WATER

WATER

INFRASTRUCTURE

Actions:


Address retrofitting water and sewage infrastructures: Continue the trend ofemploying reverse osmosis facilities throughout our islands to provideaccess to potable water to adapt to loss of freshwater by saltwater intrusion.

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





n/a

n/a







TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT:

GENERAL

Actions:


Regulate motor vehicle emissions by setting and enforcing standards, andenforcing proper maintenance of private and public vehicles;Introducing a system that captures data critical to climate change. E.g.

Number of motor vehicles; national mandatory communications and datasubmissions with/to Dept. of Statistics

P. 5

Funder

Implementing Agency

Cost Estimation





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