ÎÒ ÁÀËÒÈÊÈ ÄÎ ÓÐÀËÀ:

ÈÇÛÑÊÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÀÐÕÅÎËÎÃÈÈ

ÊÀÌÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÂÅÊÀ

Ñûêòûâêàð 2014

ÓÄÊ 902/904“631/634”(470.1/.5)ÁÁÊ 63.4 (235) Î-80

Îò Áàëòèêè äî Óðàëà: èçûñêàíèÿ ïî àðõåîëîãèè êàìåííîãî âåêà. Ñûêòûâêàð, 2014. 232 [24] ñ., ñ èëë. (ÈßËÈ Êîìè ÍÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ).

ISBN 978-5-906394-10-1

Ñòàòüè ñáîðíèêà ïîñâÿùåíû ðàçëè÷íûì àñïåêòàì àðõåîëîãèè êàìåííîãî âåêà Áàëòèè, Êàðåëèè, ñåâåðà Ðóññêîé ðàâíèíû è Ñðåäíåãî Óðàëà. Ââîäÿòñÿ â íàó÷íûé îáîðîò è àíàëèçèðóþòñÿ ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå íîâûå ìàòåðèàëû. Ñäåëàíû ãëóáîêèå îáîáùåíèÿ, òàêèå êàê, íàïðèìåð, âûäåëåíèå îòäåëüíîãî ïåðèîäà êàìåííîãî âåêà (ïîçäíèé ìåçîëèò) â Ïðèáðåæíîé ïîëîñå âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè Áàëòèè, âûäâèíóòà è îáîñíîâàíà ãèïîòåçà î åäèíñòâå çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîãî è óðàëüñêîãî ïåùåðíîãî ïàëåîëèòè÷åñêîãî èñêóññòâà.

Èçäàíèå ïðèóðî÷åíî ê 60-ëåòèþ Àëåêñàíäðà Âàñèëüåâè÷à Âîëîêèòèíà – èññëåäîâàòåëÿ ïàëåîëèòà Àíãàðû è ìåçîëèòà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêà Åâðîïû.

Äëÿ àðõåîëîãîâ, èñòîðèêîâ ïåðâîáûòíîãî îáùåñòâà, ñòóäåíòîâ è ïðåïîäàâàòåëåé ÂÓÇîâ, êóëüòóðîëîãîâ, êðàåâåäîâ è ëþáèòåëåé àðõåîëîãèè.

From the Baltic to Urals: Essays on the Stone Age Archaeology. – Syktyvkar, 2014. – p. (ILLH Komi SC, UD, RAS).

This collection of articles is devoted to various aspects of the Stone Age archeology of Eastern Baltic, Karelia, the northern part of Russian Plain and the Cis-Ural. New archaeological materials and their analysis are published. The authors present some new challenging ideas, such as 1) the definition of the particular archaeological period (Late Mesolithic) for the eastern Baltic and 2) the hypothesis about the unity of Western European Paleolithic cave art and that of the Urals.

The publication is arranged to coincide with the 60th anniversary of Alexander V. Volokitin, who has contributed a lot to our understanding of the Angara River Paleolithic and the Mesolithic of northeastern Europe.

The studies are addressed to archaeologists, anthropologists, students and university lecturers as well as to amateurs of archaeology.

ÓÄÊ 902/904“631/634”(470.1/.5)ÁÁÊ 63.4 (235)

Îòâåòñòâåííûé ðåäàêòîðÂ.Í. Êàðìàíîâ (ÈßËÈ Êîìè ÍÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, Ñûêòûâêàð)

Ðåöåíçåíò:Ï.Þ. Ïàâëîâ (Êîìè ÍÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, Ñûêòûâêàð)

Ïåðåâîä íà àíãëèéñêèé Ê.Â. Èñòîìèí (ÈßËÈ Êîìè ÍÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, Ñûêòûâêàð)

Íà îáëîæêå: Âèä íà àðõåîëîãè÷åñêèé ïàìÿòíèê Âûëûñ-Òîì 2, ð. Èæìà. Ôîòî À.Âîëîêèòèíà

ISBN 978-5-906394-10-1© ÔÃÁÓÍ Èíñòèòóò ßËÈÊîìè ÍÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, 2014

© Êîëëåêòèâ àâòîðîâ, 2014

CONTENTS

Introduction....................................................................................................

Kriiska A., Gerasimov D. Late Mesolithic Period in the Eastern Baltic: the Formation of the Coastal Settlement System from the Riga Bay till the Vyborg Bay..................................

Shakhnovitch M.M., Takala H., Malinen À., Tarasov A.Yu. The New Mesolithic Site Hettyöä (Khetuoia) to the North of Lake Ladoga........

German K.E. Excavations Settlement Petrozavodsk 1 (Republic of Karelia)........................

Shakhnovitch M.M.Searching for Rock Paintings in Western Karelia............................................

Shirokov V.N. Uralic and Franco-Cantabrian Paleolithic Cave Art: an Attempt of Comparison.......................................................................................................

Sorokin A.N. On Bone and Antler Artefacts from the Locality 1 of the Minino 2 Camp and Burial Site near Moscow....................................................................................

Averin V.A., Novikov A.V., Averina A.V. New Mesolithic findings from the Fedorovo Dwelling place, Kostroma Province (The results of excavations made in 2008)..........................................

Zhilin M.G. The Content of Fishing Yields, Fishing Tools and the Economic Role of Fishing among the Mesolithic Population of the Volga-Oka Interflow...............

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Vasilyeva N.B. A. Bryusov and His Role in the Rise of Archaeology in the Vologda Region...............................................................................................................

Kosorukova N.V. On the Dating of Karavaikha 4 Wetland Campsite in the Lake Vozhe Basin........

Nedomolkina N.G. Geometric Microliths from the Early Neolithic Settlement Veksa III on the Upper Sukhona River: the Problem of Its Dating and Cultural Affiliation..........

Karmanov V.N. Investigation of the Early Neolithic Campsite Keros, Middle Vychegda............

Budzanivskiy I.A., Volokitin A.V. Axes from the 4rth Cultural Layer of the Multilayered Site Vylys Tom 2 on Izhma River.......................................................................................................

Loginova E.S. Mesolithic Assemblage of the Settlement Enty III in the Region of the River Vychegda...........................................................................................................

Lychagina E.L. Stone Inventory of the Ogurdino Settlement (The Results of 2002 Excavation).

Serikov Yu.B. Mesolithic Axes and Adzes Producing Workshops in the Middle Trans-Uralic Region...............................................................................................................

Index.................................................................................................................

Meet the contributors......................................................................................

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È. À. Áóäçàíèâñêèé, À. Â. Âîëîêèòèí Èíñòèòóò ÿçûêà, ëèòåðàòóðû è èñòîðèè Êîìè ÍÖ ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, Ñûêòûâêàð

ÒÎÏÎÐÛ ×ÅÒÂÅÐÒÎÃÎ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎÃÎ ÃÎÐÈÇÎÍÒÀ ÌÍÎÃÎÑËÎÉÍÎÃÎ ÏÀÌßÒÍÈÊÀ ÂÛËÛÑ ÒÎÌ 2 ÍÀ ÈÆÌÅ

Ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ ñòðóêòóðà ÷åòâåðòîãî êóëüòóðíîãî ãîðèçîíòà ìíîãîñëîéíî-ãî àðõåîëîãè÷åñêîãî ïàìÿòíèêà Âûëûñ Òîì 2.  íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò äâóõ ðÿäîì ðàñïîëîæåííûõ î÷àãîâ îáíàðóæåíû äâà øëèôîâàííûõ òîïîðà è ìíîãî÷èñëåí-íûå ñêîëû, ïîëó÷åííûå ïðè èõ ïåðåîôîðìëåíèè. ×àñòü îòùåïîâ è îáëîìêîâ â ðåçóëü-òàòå ðåìîíòàæà ïîäîáðàíà ê òîïîðàì, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäñòàâèòü èõ ïåðâîíà-÷àëüíóþ ôîðìó, è âåðèôèöèðóåò ïëîùàäü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ñêîëîâ òîé ïîðîäû êàìíÿ, èç êîòîðîé òîïîðû èçãîòîâëåíû.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ð. Èæìà, ìíîãîñëîéíûé àðõåîëîãè÷åñêèé ïàìÿòíèê, ìåçîëèò, øëèôîâàííûå òîïîðû, ðåìîíòàæ (ðåôèòòèíã).

I.A. Budzanivskiy, A.V. Volokitin Institute of Language, Literature ànd History, Komi Science Centre of the Ural Âranch of the

Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar

AXES FROM THE 4RTH CULTURAL LAYER OF THE MULTILAYERED SITE VYLYS TOM 2 ON IZHMA RIVER

The article examines the structure of the 4rth cultural layer in the multilayered archaeological site Vylys Tom 2. In the close proximity of the two connected hearths, there have been found two ground axes and a number of flakes produced while remaking them. Some of the flakes and fragments could be re-fitted to the axes, which gave us their initial form and suggested which set of findings could be related to the particular act of re-making the axes.

Keywords: Izhma river, multilayered archaeological site, Mesolithic, ground axes, refitting.

Ïàìÿòíèê Âûëûñ Òîì 2 íàõîäèòñÿ ó þæíîé îêðàèíû ïîñ. Òîì Èæåìñêîãî ðàéîíà Ðåñïóáëèêè Êîìè, íà ïðàâîì áåðåãó ð. Èæìà. Ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ â 0,2 êì âûøå ïî òå÷åíèþ ðåêè îò âïàäåíèÿ â íåå ð. Âûëûñ Òîì. Êóëüòóðíûå îñòàòêè ñâÿçàíû ñ îòëîæåíèÿìè ìûñà 10 ì òåððàñû (ðèñ. 1, öâ. âêëåéêà).

Ïåðâûå íàõîäêè íà ïàìÿòíèêå ñäåëàíû âî âðåìÿ ðàçâåäî÷íûõ ðàáîò â 2003 ã.  2010 ã. ïðè ïðîâåäåíèè ðåêîãíîñöèðîâî÷íûõ ðàñêîïî÷íûõ ðàáîò íà ïàìÿòíèêå âûÿâëåíû ÷åòûðå êóëüòóðíûõ ãîðèçîíòà, çàëåãàþùèõ îáîñîáëåííî äðóã îò äðóãà (ðèñ. 2).  òå÷åíèå ïîëåâûõ ñåçîíîâ 2010-2013 ãã. ïåðâûé è âòîðîé êóëüòóðíûå ãîðèçîíòû âñêðûòû íà ïëîùàäè 41 êâ. ì, òðåòèé è ÷åòâåðòûé – 38 êâ. ì.

Ïåðâûé êóëüòóðíûé ãîðèçîíò, äàòèðóåìûé êîíöîì ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ àíàíüèíñêîé îáùíîñòè ðàííåãî æåëåçíîãî âåêà, òî åñòü êîíöîì I òûñ. äî í.ý., çàëåãàåò â ñîâðåìåííîé îãëååííîé ëåñíîé ïî÷âå. Íàõîäêè âòîðîãî êóëüòóð-íîãî ãîðèçîíòà, ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî îòíåñåííûå ê ñðåäíåìó íåîëèòó, ðàñïîëîæå-íû â âåðõàõ êîðè÷íåâîãî ñóãëèíêà íà ãëóáèíå 0,3-0,5 ì îò ñîâðåìåííîé äíåâíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè.

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Òðåòèé è ÷åòâåðòûé êóëüòóðíûå ãîðèçîíòû âûÿâëåíû íà ãëóáèíå áîëåå 2 ì îò ñîâðåìåííîé äíåâíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè è, ñâÿçàíû ñ ãóìóñèðîâàííûìè ïðîñëîÿìè ñóãëèíêà\ñóïåñè, ìåæäó êîòîðûìè çàëåãàþò ñëîéêè ïåñêà (ðèñ. 2, öâ. âêëåéêà). Õîòÿ ýòè êóëüòóðíûå ãîðèçîíòû îòëè÷àþòñÿ ïî ñòðóêòóðå ñâîåé îðãàíèçàöèè, à òàêæå êîëè÷åñòâó (â ÷åòâåðòîì ãîðèçîíòå èõ çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëüøå) è ñîñòàâó íàõîäîê, åñòü âñå îñíîâàíèÿ ãîâîðèòü î ñõîäñòâå èõ èíâåíòàðåé.  òîì ÷èñëå, â îáîèõ ãîðèçîíòàõ îòìå÷åíû ïðåäìåòû ñî øëèôîâêîé. Ïðàâäà â òðåòüåì êóëü-òóðíîì ãîðèçîíòå åñòü òîëüêî îñêîëêè è îòùåïû, ñíÿòûå ñî øëèôîâàííûõ îðóäèé, íî åñòü äâà àáðàçèâà, à â ÷åòâåðòîì, ïîìèìî ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ îòùåïîâ, âûÿâëåíû äâà øëèôîâàííûõ òîïîðà.

Îñíîâó ñòðóêòóðû ÷åòâåðòîãî êóëüòóðíîãî ãîðèçîíòà íà âñêðûòîé ê íàñòîÿ-ùåìó âðåìåíè ïëîùàäè ñîñòàâëÿþò äâà êîñòðèùà. Îíè ïðèìûêàþò äðóã ê äðóãó è âûòÿíóòû â ëèíèþ ïî íàïðàâëåíèþ ñ þãî-çàïàäà íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîê. Îäíî – ìàëîé ìîùíîñòè (äî 5 ñì), âêëþ÷àëî ïðîêàë õàðàêòåðíîãî ðîçîâîãî öâåòà, óãëèñòóþ ëèíçó, ïåðåêðûâàþùóþ ïðîêàë, è ìåëêèå ôðàãìåíòû îáîææåííûõ êîñòåé. Âòîðîå êîñòðèùå èìåëî ïðîêàë áîëüøîé ìîùíîñòè (äî 15 ñì).  åãî âåðõíåé ÷àñòè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü óãëè, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå «íåäîãîðåâ-øèå ïîëåíüÿ». Îíè çàëåãàëè â ïåñ÷àíîé ïðîñëîéêå, ïåðåêðûâàþùåé ÷åòâåð-òûé êóëüòóðíûé ãîðèçîíò, íî îñíîâàíèåì íàõîäèëèñü â î÷àãå.  ïðîêàëå, â âåðõíåé åãî òðåòè ìíîãî÷èñëåííû êàëüöèíèðîâàííûå êîñòè, èç-çà ÷åãî îí èìååò â ýòîé ÷àñòè áóðóþ îêðàñêó. Èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíû (Ï.À. Êîñèíöåâ, ÈÝÐèÆ Óðî ÐÀÍ) êîñòè ïòèö, øóêè, êàðïîâûõ, ëîñÿ, ñåâåðíîãî îëåíÿ, êóíüèõ, áåëêè, à òàêæå êîñòè ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñåãî ñêåëåòà áîáðà. Íèæå ïðîêàëà çàëåãàëè óãëèñòûå ïðîñëîéêè ñ âêëþ÷åíèåì î÷åíü êðóïíûõ óãëåé. Îáùàÿ ìîùíîñòü êîñòðèùà äîñòèãàëà 0,5 ì (ðèñ. 2).

×åòâåðòûé êóëüòóðíûé ãîðèçîíò èìååò ðàäèîóãëåðîäíóþ äàòó – 8540±70 (ÃÈÍ-14594) [Âîëîêèòèí, Àíäðåè÷åâà, Çàðåöêàÿ, 2013].

Íàõîäêè êîíöåíòðèðóþòñÿ âîêðóã î÷àãîâ. Çíà÷èòåëüíîå èõ êîëè÷åñòâî âûÿâëåíî â ñàìèõ î÷àãàõ. Ïðè÷åì òîëüêî ÷àñòü èç íèõ îáîææåíà. Äàííîå îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî ïðèñóùå ñòîÿíêàì â àëëþâèàëüíûõ îòëîæåíèÿõ è ñâÿçàíî ñ ïðîöåññîì óïîêîåíèÿ è ÷àñòè÷íûì ïåðåìåùåíèåì êóëüòóðíûõ îñòàòêîâ â âîäíîé ñðåäå. Ñ þæíîé ñòîðîíû íàõîäîê çíà÷èòåëüíî ìåíüøå, èõ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ðåçêî îáðûâàåòñÿ, íåñêîëüêî þæíûõ êâàäðàòîâ è îñîáåííî þãî-çàïàäíûõ íà âñêðûòîé ïëîùàäè ñîâñåì íå èìåþò íàõîäîê (ðèñ. 3, öâ. âêëåéêà). Èìåííî íà þæíîé ãðàíèöå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ íàõîäîê îáíàðóæåíû äâà ÷àñòè÷íî øëèôîâàííûõ òîïîðà. Âåðíåå îäèí öåëûé òîïîð è îáóøêîâàÿ ÷àñòü âòîðîãî òîïîðà.

Íà îáîèõ òîïîðàõ õîðîøî çàìåòíû êðàñíûå ïÿòíà – íàëåò îõðû. Òàêîé íàëåò îòìå÷åí è íà ðÿäå êðåìíåâûõ ïðåäìåòîâ, ñðåäè êîòîðûõ íóêëåóñû è ïëàñòèíû, à íà ïëîùàäè êóëüòóðíîãî ãîðèçîíòà ôèêñèðóþòñÿ ëèíçû, èíòåíñèâ-íî îêðàøåííûå îõðîé. Ñêîðåå âñåãî, ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ ãåîõèìèåé îòëîæåíèé òåððàñû, íàñûùåííûõ ðàññîëàìè ñ îêèñëàìè æåëåçà, êîòîðûå àäñîðáèðóþòñÿ íà ó÷àñòêàõ êóëüòóðíîãî ñëîÿ è ïîâåðõíîñòÿõ íåêîòîðûõ àðòåôàêòîâ.

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Òîïîðû èçãîòîâëåíû èç äîëîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî èçâåñòíÿêà(?). Ñðåäè íàõî-äîê (îáùåå ÷èñëî èõ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ôàóíèñòè÷åñêèõ îñòàòêîâ – 2195 ýêç.) èìååòñÿ 77 ïðåäìåòîâ èç ýòîé æå ïîðîäû.  ýòî ÷èñëî âõîäÿò äâà óêàçàííûõ âûøå îðóäèÿ, à òàêæå îòùåïû (60), ïëàñòèíêè (9), îáëîìêè ïëèòêè (4) è ÷åøóé-êè (2). 35 èç íèõ èìåþò ñëåäû øëèôîâêè. Ðàñïðåäåëåíû îíè áûëè äîñòàòî÷íî ðàâíîìåðíî ïî ñêîïëåíèþ íàõîäîê ÷åòâåðòîãî êóëüòóðíîãî ãîðèçîíòà (ðèñ. 3). Èñõîäÿ èç òàêîãî êîëè÷åñòâà îòùåïîâ è îáëîìêîâ ñî øëèôîâêîé, ìîæíî ïðåä-ïîëîæèòü, ÷òî âñå áåç èñêëþ÷åíèÿ ñíÿòèÿ èç ýòîé ïîðîäû áûëè ïîëó÷åíû óæå â ïðîöåññå èñïîëüçîâàíèè ãîòîâûõ îðóäèé è èõ ïåðåîôîðìëåíèÿ. Ðåìîíòàæ, êîòîðûé ê íàñòîÿùåìó âðåìåíè áûëà âîçìîæíîñòü ïðîâåñòè, ïîêàçàë, ÷òî âåêòîðû ñâÿçåé ïîêðûâàþò ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñþ ïëîùàäü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ äîëî-ìàòèçèðîâàííîãî èçâåñòíÿêà íà ðàñêîïå (ðèñ. 4). Ê íàéäåííîìó öåëûì òîïîðó áûë ïîäîáðàí (ðåìîíòàæ) êðóïíûé îòùåï, ÷òî âåðíóëî àðüåðôàñó îðóäèÿ åãî ïåðâîíà÷àëüíóþ ôîðìó (ðèñ. 5, öâ. âêëåéêà). Ê îáóøêîâîìó ôðàãìåíòó âòîðîãî îðóäèÿ ïîäîáðàíà íåäîñòàþùàÿ ÷àñòü òåëà òîïîðà, èìåþùàÿ íåãàòèâû ñíÿòèé, èçìåíèâøèõ åãî î÷åðòàíèÿ. ×àñòü ýòèõ ñíÿòèé â ðåçóëüòàòå ðåìîíòàæà ïîäî-áðàíà (ðèñ. 6, öâ. âêëåéêà), ÷òî òàêæå ïîçâîëÿåò ðåêîíñòðóèðîâàòü îðóäèå. Îáà òîïîðà îñòðîîáóøíûå – ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü, ÷òî äàííàÿ ôîðìà íå ñëó÷àéíà.  ïîïåðå÷íîì ñå÷åíèè òîïîðû èìåþò ïîäòðàïåöèåâèäíóþ ôîðìó ñ îñíîâàíèåì ó àðüåðôàñà.  ïðîôèëå – åñëè ëåçâèÿ ñèììåòðè÷íû, òî îáóøîê ñêîøåí ê ðàáî÷åìó ôàñó. Âåðîÿòíåå âñåãî îíè èçãîòîâëåíû èç îäíîé ïëèòêè, òàê êàê ó íèõ îáîèõ îñòàâøèåñÿ íåîáðàáîòàííûìè ó÷àñòêè ïîâåðõíîñòè ôàñà (ðàáî÷åãî ôàñà) è àðüåðôàñà îäèíàêîâû ïî ñòðóêòóðå. Øëèôîâàëèñü òùàòåëüíî ëåçâèÿ è êðàÿ îðóäèé. Ïðè÷åì ïîñëåäíèå èìåþò íå äî êîíöà çàøëèôîâàííûå íåãàòèâû ñêîëîâ îáðàáîòêè. Íåáîëüøèå øëèôîâàííûå ó÷àñòêè íàáëþäàåòñÿ ïî òåëó ðàáî÷åãî ôàñà, à íà àðüåðôàñå øëèôîâêà ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóåò.

Îäèí èç îòùåïîâ, ïîäîáðàííûõ êî âòîðîìó òîïîðó, èìååò îòâåñíóþ ðåòóøü íà ïðÿìîì äèñòàëüíîì êîíöå (ðèñ. 6: 2).

Íà åâðîïåéñêîì Ñåâåðî-Âîñòîêå â êîëëåêöèÿõ ìåçîëèòè÷åñêèõ ïàìÿòíè-êîâ ðóáÿùèå îðóäèÿ íåìíîãî÷èñëåííû, øëèôîâàííûå æå âîîáùå ðåäêè. Îíè åñòü â ìàòåðèàëàõ, ñâÿçûâàåìûõ ñ Âèññêèì 1 òîðôÿíèêîì [Áóðîâ, 1967], íî, íè ïî ôîðìå, íè ïî õàðàêòåðó îáðàáîòêè îíè íå èìåþò ñõîäñòâà ñ îïèñàííûìè âûøå îðóäèÿìè. Áîëüøå ñõîäñòâà ìîæíî íàéòè ñî øëèôîâàííûìè ðóáÿùèìè îðóäèÿìè, íàéäåííûìè Â.È. Êàíèâöîì íà ïå÷îðñêîé ìåçîëèòè÷åñêîé ñòîÿíêå Òîïûä-Íþð 5 è ðàñïîëîæåííîì íåïîäàëåêó ìåñòîíàõîæäåíèåì Òîïûä-Íþð 2 [Êàíèâåö, 1973, ðèñ.10]. Îíè èçãîòîâëåíû èç êðåìíèñòîé îïîêè è àëåâðîëèòà. Íà ñòîÿíêå Òîïûä-Íþð 5 åñòü îñòðîîáóøíîå îðóäèå, à ñ äðóãîãî òîïîðà ñíèìà-ëèñü îòùåïû, êîòîðûå ïîñëå ðàñêîïîê áûëè ïîäîáðàíû (ðåìîíòàæ) ê îðóäèþ. Ñëåäóåò òàêæå îòìåòèòü, ÷òî íà ðàñêîïàííîé ãîðàçäî ïîçäíåå â òîì æå óðî÷èùå ìåçîëèòè÷åñêîé ñòîÿíêå Òîïûä-Íþð 7, áûëè òàêæå íàéäåíû îòùåïû èç îïîêè ñî ñëåäàìè øëèôîâêè, ñíÿòûå ñ êðóïíîãî îðóäèÿ [Âîëîêèòèí, 1987]. Äàííîå îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî ïîñëóæèëî äîïîëíèòåëüíûì àðãóìåíòîì â ïîëüçó ïîëíîãî ñõîäñòâà ýòèõ äâóõ ïå÷îðñêèõ ñòîÿíîê. Íåêîòîðûå ïàðàëëåëè â êðåìíåâîé

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èíäóñòðèè Òîïûä-Íþðà 5 è 7, ñ îäíîé ñòîðîíû, è ÷åòâåðòîãî êóëüòóðíîãî ãîðèçîíòà ñòîÿíêè Âûëûñ Òîì 2, ñ äðóãîé, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðèåìû ðàñ÷ëåíåíèÿ ñêðåáêîâ, ïîçâîëÿþò ãîâîðèòü, âåñüìà îñòîðîæíî, îá èõ âçàèìîñâÿçè.

 êîëëåêöèè ÷åòâåðòîãî êóëüòóðíîãî ãîðèçîíòà ñòîÿíêè Âûëûñ Òîì 2 åñòü òðè îòùåïà ñî ñëåäàìè øëèôîâêè èç ýïèäîçèòà(?) (ðèñ. 6:3), ñëåäîâàòåëüíî êðóïíûå øëèôîâàííûå îðóäèÿ èçãîòàâëèâàëèñü è èç ýòîé ïîðîäû, à øëèôîâà-íèå íå áûëî ÷åì òî îñîáåííûì äëÿ äàííîãî òåõíîêîìïëåêñà.

Ðàáîòà âûïîëíåíà ïðè ïîääåðæêå Ïðîãðàììû ìåæäèñöèïëèíàðíûõ ôóíäàìåíòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ó÷ðåæäåíèé ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, ïðîåêò ¹ 12-Ì56-2037.

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Áóðîâ Ã.Ì. Äðåâíèé Ñèíäîð (èç èñòîðèè ïëåìåí Åâðîïåéñêîãî Ñåâåðî-Âîñòîêà â VII òûñÿ÷åëåòèè äî í.ý. – I òûñÿ÷åëåòèè í.ý.). Ì.: Íàóêà, 1967. 220 ñ.

Âîëîêèòèí À.Â. Îñîáåííîñòè èíäóñòðèé ìåçîëèòè÷åñêèõ ïàìÿòíèêîâ Òîïûä-Íþð 5 è 7à íà Ñðåäíåé Ïå÷îðå // Ìàòåðèàëüíàÿ è äóõîâíàÿ êóëüòóðà íàñåëåíèÿ Åâðîïåéñêîãî Ñåâåðî-Âîñòîêà / Îòâ. ðåäàêòîð Ý.À. Ñàâåëüåâà. Ñûêòûâêàð, 1987. Ñ. 6-15. (Òð. ÈßËÈ. Âûï. 40).

Âîëîêèòèí À.Â., Àíäðåè÷åâà Ë.Í., Çàðåöêàÿ Í.Å. Ãåîàðõåîëîãè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ íà ð. Èæìå. Ìíîãîñëîéíàÿ ñòîÿíêà Âûëûñ Òîì 2 // Âåñòíèê Èíñòèòóòà ãåîëîãèè Êîìè íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà ÓðÎ ÐÀÍ, 2013. ¹ 8 (244). Ñ. 13–18.

Êàíèâåö Â.È. Ìåçîëèòè÷åñêèå ñòîÿíêè íà Ñðåäíåé Ïå÷îðå è Óñå // Ïîñå-ëåíèÿ êàìåííîãî è ìåäíî-áðîíçîâîãî âåêà íà Ïå÷îðå è Óñå / Îòâ. ðåäàêòîð Â.È. Êàíèâåö. Ñûêòûâêàð, 1973. Ñ. 3-23. (ÌÀÅÑÂ. Âûï. IV).

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Ðèñ. 1. Âûëûñ Òîì 2. Òîïîïëàí ïàìÿòíèêà. Óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ:1 ëèíèÿ ëåñà; 2 ðàñêîïû; 3 ïîäúåìíûé ìàòåðèàë. – – –

Ê ñòàòüå È. À. Áóäçàíèâñêîãî, À. Â. Âîëîêèòèíà «Òîïîðû ÷åòâåðòîãî êóëüòóðíîãî ãîðèçîíòà ìíîãîñëîéíîãî ïàìÿòíèêà Âûëûñ Òîì 2 íà Èæìå».

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1 – òîïîðû è èõ îáëîìêè; 2 – îòùåïû è ïëàñòèíû ñî ñëåäàìè øëèôîâêè;3 – îòùåïû è ïëàñòèíû áåç øëèôîâêè.

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