AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
217
REPORT NO. DOT-TSC-NHTSA-79-29.1 DOT-HS-804 460 • t. • AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM Volume I: Master Product Schedu les Thedore Taylor, Jr. Alan R. Cunningham Dominic A. Iannelli Madelyn C. Isaccs Corporate-Tech Planning Inc. 275 Wyman Street Waltham, Massachusetts 02154 . . NOVEMBER 1979 FINAL REPORT D0CUMENl IS TU"I PUBLIC THROUGH 1 HE NATInNAl TECHNICAL SERVICE SPR'"GFIEl.LJ, VIRGU.JIA Prepared by U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION Office of Research and Development Washington DC 20590 REPRODUCED BY . NATIONAL TECHNICAL , INFORMATION SERVICE u. So DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE .., VA. Z2}61
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Transcript of AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
REPORT NO. DOT-TSC-NHTSA-79-29.1 DOT-HS-804 460
•
t.
•
AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
Volume I: Master Product Schedu les
Thedore Taylor, Jr.Alan R. CunninghamDominic A. IannelliMadelyn C. Isaccs
Corporate-Tech Planning Inc.275 Wyman Street
Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
.~ .
.
NOVEMBER 1979FINAL REPORT
D0CUMENl IS AVA!l.ABl~ TU"I ~'iE PUBLICTHROUGH 1 HE NATInNAl TECHNICALIr.f0RMA11'~lNSERVICE SPR'"GFIEl.LJ,
VIRGU.JIA ~216·1
Prepared by
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONNATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION
Office of Research and DevelopmentWashington DC 20590
REPRODUCED BY. NATIONAL TECHNICAL, INFORMATION SERVICE
u. So DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE.., ~"'RI~IELD,_VA. Z2}61
NOTICE
This document is disseminated under the sponsorshipof the Department of Transportation in the interestof information exchange. The United States Government assumes'no liability for its contents or usethereof.
NOTICE
The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers'names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report.
•
1. Repo" No.
DOT-HS-804 460
2. Government Acces5ion No. J. Recipient's Catalog No.
· PB 80 1456344. Titl. and Subtitle
AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING ASSESSMENT SYSTEMVOLUME I: MASTER PRODUCT SCHEDULES
5. Repo,' Do'e
November 19796. Perform ina- Organi zatia" Cooe
DOT-TSC-NHTSA-79-29.II--::,..----.,-.,.-----------------------~ 8. Performing O'ioni zotion Report No.
7. Au'ho".) Theodore Taylor, Jr.; Alan R. Cunningham,Madelyn C. Isaccs; Dominic Iannelli
9. Performing Orgoni zohon Nome ond Addres5
Corporate-Tech Planning Inc.*275 Wyman StreetWaltham, Massachusetts 02154
12. Sponsoring Agency Nome 0"4 Adelress
U.S. Department of TransportationNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationOffice of Research and DevelopmentWashington DC 20590
10. Wo,k Un;' No. (TRAIS)
HS027/R040411. Contract or Grant No.
DOT/TSC-1383
FINAL REPORTJune 1977 - August 1978
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
17. Key Wo,d.Automotive Manufacturers - U.S.Light Truck Manufacturers - U.S.Import Auto ManufacturersProduct Timing - Autos &Light Trucks
18. Distribution Stotement
Li(JCLJMi::NTfSAVAIL.<1ltslE. 10 fHE::PUHll""rHROUbH ','Ht:: rJATIONAL I E:{~!,I"JICAL
INfO ;'lMAT ION ~ERVlLf:..SPH INl;,f-IE I ~).
VIR\.:iINIA :~2161
19. Security Clos.if. (of this report)Unclassified
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-721
20. Security Classd. (of .hi s page)
UnclassifiedI
Reproduction of comple'ed poge authorized
21- No. of Pages 22. Price
PREFACE
Volume I (Master Product Schedules) was prepared for theDepartment of Transportation, Transportation Systems Center(TSC) and presents the results of research and analysis of thehistorical and projected introductions of new autos and lighttrucks of the major domestic and import vehicle manufacturers.The work was directed by the Transportation Industry AnalysisBranch under the sponsorship of the Energy Programs Division.
The motor vehicle manufacturers' ability to meet 1979-1985fuel ec~nomy goals is heavily dependent upon the timeliness anddegree by which they are able to reduce the size and weight oftoday's fleets, and incorporate more fuel efficient power plants,drivelines, safety and emission control devices. When eachmanufacturer's past and announced future plans in these areas aremonitored, a better understanding of the overall manufacturingprocess is obtained including the impact of regulatory requirements behind new vehicle introductions, and the lead time andplanning involved. The results of this analysis for each of themanufacturers are in the form of Master Product Schedules whichprovide graphically, time phased relationships of model changesby make, year and market class.
Volume I contains the results of one of four major areas investigated under the Automotive rlanufacturing Assessment Systenl(AMAS) which was designed to evaluate the capability of the automotive industry to produce fuel efficient cars and light trucks,and to assess the impact such conversion will have on producersand consumers. The other three areas are: Product Schedules ofEngine/Driveline Combinations (Volume II); Materials/WeightAnalysis (Volume III); and Engine Manufacturing Analysis (VolumeIV) .
This volume is divided into four sections and appendices.Section One presents the methodology used to develop the MasterProduct Schedules and the product development cycle for new autoand engine introductions. Sectins 2, 3, and 4 cover productschedules for the U. S. domestic auto, domestic light truck, andimport manufacturers, respectively. Supporting notation and reference sources are located in the appendices.
Corporate-Tech Planning wishes to acknowledge the guidanceand assistan(~e provided by Mr. George E. Byron, TransportationIndustry Analysis Branch at TSC, who was the Technical Monitorfor this program.
iii
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CONTENTS
Page~,
1-1 )
1-11-11-8
2-1
2-12-52-82-92-11
3-1
::~-l
3-3
3-33-4
3-53-6
3-7
4-1
4-14-44-25
A-l
3.1 Introduction3.2 Optional Equipment
3.3 General Motors Light Trucks
3.4 Ford Light Trucks3.5 Chrysler Light Trucks3.6 American Motors Light Trucks
3.7 International Harvester Light Trucks
4.1 Introduction4.2 Japanese Imports4.3 European Imports
2.1 General2.2 General Motors2.3 Ford Motor Company2.4 Chrysler Corporation
2.5 American Motors
1.1 Background And Purpose1.2 Production Timing Phases
1.3 Master Product Schedules
3. THE DOMESTIC LIGHT TRUCK MANUFACTURERS
2. THE DOMESTIC AUTO MANUFACTURERS
4. THE MAJOR IMPORT MANUFACTURERS
1. INTRODUCTION
APPFNDIX A - DOHESTIC AUTO NOTES A:n:: CROSS-:?EFEPENCELISTS
APPENDIX B - DOMESTIC LIGHT TRUCK NOTES AND CROSS- B-1REFERENCE LISTS
APPENDIX C - IMPORT MANUFACTURERS' CROSS-REFERENCE LISTS C-lAPPENDIX D - REPORT ~F NEH TECHNOLOGY D-l
Section
v
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
1-1 Standard Vehicle Timing Plan (Ford Motor Co.) 1-3
1-2 Standard Engine Timing Plan (Ford Motor Co.) 1-5
1-3 Composite Of Successive Model Year Timing 1-7Schedules
2-1 General Motors Product Schedule, 1975-80 2-13
2-2 General Motors Product Schedule, 1980-85 2-15
2-3 Ford Product Schedule, 1975-80 2-17
2-4 Ford Product Schedule, 1980-85 2-19
2-5 Chrysler Product Schedule, 1975-80 2-21
2-6 Chrysler Product Schedule, 1980-85 2-23
2-7 American Motors Product Schedule, 1975-80 2-25
2-8 American Motors Product Schedule, 1980-85 2-27
3-1 General Motors Light Trucks Product Schedule, 3-91975-80
3-2 General Motors Light Trucks Optional Equipment 3-13Schedule, 1975-80
3-3 Ford Light Trucks Product Schedule, 1975-80 3-17
3-4 Ford Light Trucks Optional Equipment Schedule, 3-191975-80
3-5 Chrysler Light Trucks Product Schedule, 1975-80 3-21
3-6 Chrysler Light Trucks Optional Equipment 3-23Schedule, 1975-80
3-7 American Motors Light Trucks Product Schedule, 3-251975-80
3-8 American Motors Light Trucks Optional Equipment 3-27Schedule, 1975-80
3-9 International Harvester Light Trucks Product 3-29Schedule, 1975-80
3-10 International Harvester Light Trucks Optional 3-31Equipment Schedule, 1975-80
4-1 Toyota Product Schedule, 1975-80
4-2 Datsun Product Schedule, 1975-80
4-3 Honda Product Schedule, 1975-80
4-4 Subaru Product Schedule, 1975-79
vi
4-15
4-17
4-19
4-21
Figure
4-54-64-7
4-84-94-10
4-11
A-l
A-2
A-3
A-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
C-lC-2C-3C-4
C-5
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Mazda Product Schedule, 1975-78Volkswagen Product Schedule, 1975-80Fiat Product Schedule, 1975-80
British Leyland Product Schedule, 1975-80Volvo Product Schedule, 1975-80Mercedes-Benz Product Schedule, 1975-79
Saab Product Schedule, 1975-78
General Motors Automobile Product ScheduleCross-Reference List (5/78)Ford Automobile Product Schedule CrossReference List (5/78)Chrysler Automobile Product ScheduleCross-Reference List (5/78)
American Motors Automobile Product ScheduleProduct Schedule Cross-Reference List (5/78)
General Motors Light Truck Product ScheduleCross-Reference List (5/78)
Ford Light Truck Product Schedule CrossReference List (5/78)Chrysler Light Truck Product Schedule CrossReference List (5/78)American Motors Light Truck Product ScheduleCross-Reference List (5/78)International Harvester Light Truck ProductSchedule Cross-Reference List (5/78)
Toyota Product Schedule Cross-~eference ListDatsun Product Schedule Cross-Reference List
Honda Product Schedule Cross-Reference ListSubaru Product Schedule Cross-Reference List
Mazda Product Schedule Cross-Reference List
vii
Page
4-234-394-41
4-434-454-474-49
A-7
A-25
A-38
A-45
B-4
B-10
B-15
B-19
B-22
C-2C-7C-10C-13
C-15
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Figure
C-6C-7C-8
C-9C-10
C-ll
Table
Volkswagen Product Schedule Cross-Reference ListFiat Product Schedule Cross-Reference ListBritish Leyland Product Schedule CrossReference ListVolvo Product Schedule Cross-Reference ListMercedes-Benz Product Schedule Cross-ReferenceListSaab Product Schedule Cross-Reference List
LIST OF TABLES
Page
C-18C-24C-26
C-29C-31
C-35
1-1 Production Timing Phases2-1 Categories Of Vehicle Change4-1 Nissan Passenger Car Model Line-up
A-1 General Motors Automobile Product ScheduleNotes (5/78)
A-2 Ford Automobile Product Schedule Notes (5/78)A-3 Chrysler Automobile Product Schedule Notes
(5/78)A-4 American Motors Automobile Product Schedule
Notes (5/78)
B-1 General Motors Light Truck Product ScheduleNotes (5/78)
B-2 Ford Light Truck Product Schedule Notes (5/78)B-3 Chrysler Light Truck Product Schedule Notes
(5/78)B-4 American Motors Light Truck Product Schedule
Notes (5/78)B-5 International Harvester Light Truck Product
Schedule Notes (5/78)viii
1-42-24-8
A-2
A-20A-34
A-44
B-2
B-7B-13
B-18
B-21
AICAE
AI
AL
AMAS
AMC(AM)
AMM
AN
bbl
BL
B-O-PBRAT
BW
C
CAFE
CID
CIS
CO
CRCTP
CVCC
c.w.DFPDOT
ECC
EEC
EFI
EFM
EGR
EPA
ESC
ESTF
FDB
FI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Air ConditionerAutomotive Engineering
Automotive Industries
(Alum.) AluminumAutomotive Manufacturing Assessment SystemAmerican Motors Corporation
American Metal Market Metalworking News Edition
Automotive NewsBarrel
British Leyland
Buick-Oldsmobile-Pontiac
Bi-drive Recreational All-terrain Transporter
Business Week
Chrysler
Corporate Average Fuel Economy
Cubic Inch Displacement
Continuous Injection System
Carbon Monoxide
Consumer ReportsCorporate-Tech Planning Inc.
Compound Vortex Controlled Combustion
Curb Weight
Detroit Free Press
Department Of Transportation
Electronically Controlled Carburetor
Electronic Engine ControlElectronic Fuel Injection
Electronic Fuel Management
Electronic Gas RecirculationEnvironmental Protection Agency
Electronic Spark Control
Electronic Spark Timing
Ford Motor CompanyFront Disk Brakes
Fuel Injection
ix
FIODFWD
GLCGMGMCGVWGVWR
HCH.D.HPIHL (f)
L-MMB
MCAMFRMPCMPGMPHMT
MVMA
MY
NHTSANO
xOHCOHVORVPBPFDB
PMPROCOPSPSPS-BPU
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)
Ford Integral OverdriveFront-Wheel DriveGreat Little CarGeneral Motors CorporationGMC Truck & Coach Division, General Motors Corp.Gross Vehicle WeightGross Vehicle Weight RatingHydrocarbons
Heavy Duty(hp) Horse PowerInternational HarvesterLiterLincoln-MercuryMercedes-BenzMitsubishi Clean Air(mfr) ManufacturerMulti Purpose Carrier(mpg) Miles Per Gallon(mph) Miles Per HourMotor TrendMotor Vehicle Manufacturers Association Of The UnitedStates, Inc.Model YearNational Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationOxides Of NitrogenOverhead Camshaft
Overhead ValueOff Road VehiclePower BenchPower Front Disk Brakes
Popular MechanixProgrammed CombustionPower Steering (In Notes)Popular Science (In References)Power Split BenchPick-Up Truck
x
PVRFIR&TSASAESEEC-T
T
TGPTHMTSCTTCSVV
VW
WARWAWWAYWBWEUWSJ4WD
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)
Pick-Up, Van And 4WDRadio Frequency InterferenceRoad & TrackScientific AmericanSociety Of Automotive EngineersSubaru Exhaust Emission Control - Thermal And Thermodynamic ControlTimeTurbulence Generating Pot
Turbo HydramaticTransportation Systems CenterToyota Total Clean SystemVariable Venturi
VolkswagenWard's Auto~tive ReportsWard's Auto WorldWard's Automotive YearbookWheelbaseWard's Engine UpdateWall Street Journal
(4-WD) Four-Wheel Drive
xi/xii
1. I NTRODUCTI ON
1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The development of the Master Product Schedules for the major
U.S. automotive manufacturers resulted directly from work performed
on the design of the Automotive Manufacturing Assessment System
(AMAS) data base. The purpose of AMAS was to provide the Department
of Transportation with a means to evaluate the capability of the
automotive industry to produce fuel efficient cars and to assess the
impact--both on producers and consumers--of converting to such vehi
cles. During the development of this system, a need arose for a
better understanding and representation of the automotive product
planning cycle, including scheduled introduction dates of both vehi
cles and technology improvements, and the lead times required.
Master Product Schedules were designed to fill this need.
The schedules provide a means for tracking changes in each man
ufacturer's product plans. Historical as well as projected intro
duction of new vehicles, and the frequency of change in the exist
ing vehicles by make, model, and year are depicted. When used in
conjunction with the Product Planning Cycles (timing diagrams) the
schedules also assist in estimating the lead time a manufacturer
may require towards meeting the fuel economy and emission standards
of subsequent years.
1.2 PRODUCTION TIMING PHASES
Each manufacturer uses internal Production Timing Schedules to
track each of the many product programs which are on-going at any
one time. These Schedules present the significant milestones and
lead times required to institute changes for any given year
The introduction of each new auto, as ~Jcll as major body and styl
ing changes requires a considerable degree of planning and advanced
scheduling. It is a complex process with hundreds of interlocking
events. The planning process and major phases leading up to Job
Number 1 (full volume production) consist of: cycle planning and
concept definition; vehicle sizing and concept development; styling
and design; engineering; prototype building and testing; tooling and
1-1
facilities; and full volume production. This process spans aperiod from thirty months to six years depending upon the extentof change, technology required, and resources committed. Theautomotive industry generally uses a 60-month nominal cycle forevolutionary type changes such as the introduction of completelynew automobile or major body restyling.
Figure 1-1 is an example of the Production Timing Scheduleapplied to the development of an all new domestic auto. The timeduration and degree of overlapping between each phase should be
noted. The major milestones are not precise dates, but often periods extending for weeks, or as much as a month, depending uponcomplexity of the program, and tempo of competitive forces, economic·market, and corporate strategy. The Final Program Approval (Month28) is a significant event in that a decision is made for volumeproduction and capital expenditure. Up to that time, only a relatively small proportion of the total investment for that model yearhas been spent. Applying this example to a new 1984 model vehicle,initial planning would have just started in 1978 if the manufacturer expects to achieve volume production by August 1983. TheProgram Approval decision will have to be made in April 1981. Amore detailed description of the production timing phase activities
is provided in Table 1-1.
The Timing Cycle, a product of fifteen to twenty years of fine
tuning the automotive design and manufacturing process, is a compromise between resource commitment, lead time, and ability to reactto consumer and competitive forces with last minute work-in-processchanges. Except for differences among individual phases, the 60month timing cycle seems to apply to engines as well (see_Figure 1-2);although historically, new engine introductions are less frequent(production duration of ten years or more are typical) than stylingchanges.
Recent evidence indicates that product planning cycles havebeen stretching out over the years. Prior to 1975, the normal cyclewas 42 months (versus the 60-month cycle discussed above). Reportssuggest this cycle may well expand to ten years in the near future.The extention of the cycle reflects the intense additional effort toplan new products to meet increasingly stringent federal regulations
1-2
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TABLE 1-1. PRODUCTION TIMING PHASES
Phase Activities
Cycle Plan andConcept Definition
Vehicle Sizing andConcept Development
Design
Engineering
Prototype and Test
Tooling and Facilities
Production
Styling, engineering and product planningManufacturing costs, competitive pressures and projectedmarket options and alternativesTentative new car line proposalAdvanced testing of experimental system for emission, fueleconomy
Car production program initiation-establishment of broad cardevelopment objectives. Number of models offered, performancelevel, equipment and options, size and weight, cost trade-offs,producibility investigation, body styling, space envelope, exterior and interior dimensions, etc.Program approval, management review of preliminary design,commitment of major corporate resources
Hard point establishmentDetailed styling with alternatives
Clay model development and review
Final styling selection
Detailed parts, components and subsystenl designDetailed specifications and drawings
Material listsManufacturing methods and production orocpss engineeringTooling design, patterns, and facility requirement,;, plant ~i\',:':.t
Material and parts flow
Engineering prototype build
Full scale model approvalPrototype testing-mechanical, engineering and fPA cer'if :C;ti1r:
Parts procurementSelection of vendors and suppliers
Teol constructionTooling installationSpecial ized machinery and tool ing test and cheCKoutPilot assembly and experimental production runs
Production build up
Full scale production
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(emissions safety, fuel economy) and still be competitive in the
marketplace. This expansion of the planning cycle appears to contra
dict the current need to shorten the lead time in order to be more
responsive to change in the regulatory climate. New products are
replacing old at a much faster pace resulting in the commitment of
vast amounts of capital in a relatively short span of time.
Conventional timing cycles are not valid for products that
differ from the standard internal combustion engine and front engine
mounted - rear drive domestic auto. GM and Ford estimate as much as
six years for design, engineering and tooling of the new power plants
to meet the proposed emission, safety and fuel economy standards of
the mid 1980's and as much as 15-20 years for alternative turbine and
stirling engines. These durations are primarily due to: absorption
of new technology in solving basic regulatory pro~lems (emissions,
safety, etc.); development or conversion of manufacturing plants and
tooling to mass produce the new more efficient vehicles; testing and
certification of such vehicles; and the orderly phase-in of the new
vehicles as the production of conventional autos winds down.
The magnitude of these efforts can be appreciated from the timing
diagrams of a given model year. As an example (Figure 1-3), in going
into the 1979 model year, one manufacturer has: (a) wound-up produc
tion for the 1978 year; (b) initiated 1979 volume production on com
pletely new full size vehicles and performed facelifts on all other
models; (c) placed tooling orders and started prototyping testing for
1980 model year vehicles, some of which will undergo major body
changes while others will have facelifts; (d) is in the middle of styl
ing, review of base clay, and engineering for the 1981 models; and (e)
is in the planning and concept phase for the 1982 through 1984 models.
Interlaid among these activities are the engine and vehicle modifications necessary to meet the more stringent emission and fuel economy
standards in successive years. Moreover, resource and capital limit
ations restrict the amount of change a manufacturer can perform yearly.
As the example shows, major redesign or an all new vehicle introduction is limited to a few model lines while the majority of vehicles
undergo only minor or no change.
1-6
STANDARD(FULL SIZE)
1978
1979
1ST QUARTER
Production
2ND QUARTER 3RD QUARTER : 4TH QUARTER
·········:··········
1980
1981
Toolino &
Design
·········:
'------'-"-"-'-'-'-T"-:'-------r
··1982 Vehicle Sizino &Concept Development
····...
1983
1984
LEGENDAll New Car ~
Cycle Plannino & Concept 'YI Vehicle Sizinq & Concept Development 7······I Cycle Planning & Concept
·········
FIGURE 1-3. COMPOSITE OF SUCCESSIVE MODEL YEAR TIMING SCHEDULES
1-7
1.3 MASTER PRODUCT SCHEDULES
With the industry product timing cycles as a basis for defining
the automotive production process, Master Product Schedules were
developed for the domestic automobile and light truck manufacturers,
and a select number of the foreign import manufacturers. The effort
involved extensive research and synthesis of publicly available
information (trade journals, news media) starting with the 1975
model year through to the present, with projections to 1985
to the extent that data was available.
The domestic auto Master Production Schedule was the basis of
methodology development, and was extended, with some modification,
to light trucks and selected foreign import manufacturers. The
basic methodology for the domesti~ autos was the develop',~nt of a
series of charts, (one for each manufacturer) which recorded con
tinuously, yearly changes in a manufacturer's product offerings by
model series, body size, and market class. The changes identified
included: all new auto introductions, major body and styling changes,
downsizing, new en! ines, driveline and other technological advance
ments, and their respective time phase relationships.
The charts are designed to provide an overall perspective of a
manufacturer's product plan, and how these plans changed in response
to current and future regulatory requirements. The charts also in
dicate a manufacturer's product mix (along with basic specifications
of wheelbase and curb weight), what vehicles are derivatives of others,
length of time since the last vehicle's change, and when vehicles'
name plates are added or changed to counter competitive offerings
or to revise market position.
A detailed description of the domestic auto Master Product
Schedules is contained in Section 2.
The methodology used for the light trucks (Section 3) is basic
cally the same as for passenger cars except that the variation of
mission for each vehicle is emphasized rather than the market class.
To facilitate ease in comparison, the format of the light trucks is
similar to that of passenger cars. More detailed specifications are
provided for each vehicle to reflect the subtle changes usually made
1-8
from year to year. Model changes for light trucks are shown inthe same manner as for passenger cars.
The format used for domestic passenger cars and light trucks
was also retained for the foreign passenger cars (see Section 4).
In addition to the U.S. introduction date, the introduction datein the home market is highlighted since many models have been
previously tested in the domestic market.
1-9/1-10
2. THE DOMESTIC AUTO MANUFACTURERS
2.1 GENERAL
The current and projected product schedules of new domesticpassenger cars reflects technology improvements based on researchsources through May I, 1978. The Master Product Schedules for allfour domestic manufacturers are presented in Figure 2-1 throughFigure 2-8 with explanatory notes and cross-reference lists pertaining to the schedules in Appendix A. Some general comments applicable to all schedules are as follows:
Market classification, as used here, broadly categorizes modelsaccording to size or particular market segment (i.e., luxury, compact). The convention follows the industry trade and media practices* except for some minor changes to maintain consistency. Forexample, the Buick and Oldsmobile C-Bodies, along with Cadillac CBody models, are all considered Luxury-Standards. Moreover, LuxuryStandard applies only to large luxury cars (Lincoln, full-sizedCadillacs, New Yorker, etc.) even though other luxury models existin the smaller classes, such as the intermediate size CadillacSeville. Specialty cars such as the Riviera, Corvette, Thunderbird,Cordoba, etc., are located in the class closest to their size or
market.
The four basic levels of body changes used by each manufacturerare shown by number coding the models each year. These changes are:
~ All new car, new body
~ New sheet metal
~ New grille, tail lights, trim
® Carryover, no change
Table 2-1 describes these changes in more detail. Although eachauto manufacturer may differ on terminology, there is general agreel1cnt on substance. The lead tine froQ clay approval to voluoe
production refers to the production timing phases discussed in
*Wards Automotive Reports and Automotive News Market Classification
2-1
Section 1. An all new vehicle requires the most lead time whereas
a new grille, minor sheet metal or ornamentation change requires less.
TABLE 2-1. CATEGORIES OF VEHICLE CHANGE
CATEGORY TYPE LEAD TIME ! DEGREE OF CHANGE(CLAY APPROVAL I
TO VOLUME IPRODUCTION) ;
!All New 2~ months ; All new car; or all new ~o~~; or completeiVehicle I
, exterior sheet metal inc u 1ng new roof.I
All new body ! (Requires new hard points/basic vehicleI I dimensions).I. I
I,,
Major New i 23~ months i All new sheet metal below the window line;ISheet Metal I ! or new front and rear-end sheet metal; or
I new front or new rear sheet metal with newI roof.ii
New Gri lle, ! 20 to 22~ New front or new rear end sheet metal; or newTail Lights, months fenders; or new quarter panels; or new roof;Minor Sheet and/or new grille, new taillamps, new exteriorMetal, and ornamentation.Trim
Carry Over I 18 months No change at all to vehicle; or very slight, change to ornamentation at most.
An all new car or completely new body is a major resource expenditure; hence, the changes are made sparingly and not on all modelsin a single year. Once a new model or body has been introduced, itreceives little or no change (carry-over) the following year, and thenminimal facelift (trim, grille, tail light, etc.) each succeeding yearthereafter until the style has run its course. Ford's Maverick andPinto were introduced in 1970 and 1971 respectively as new models andwere offered in the 1977 model year with little styling change otherthan minor sheet metal and trim.
The fact that the same type of body change is often shown forall model series within the same classification is not by coincidence. Industry typically will introduce a basic body or new
2-2
auto for a given class, and then derive all other models in the
same class from this basic style. The derivatives will often be
introduced in the same model year in order to maximize promotional
benefits. Name plate changes and body derivatives have been empha
sized, particularly when it affects a change in market segment.
Major technology improvements are presented at the bottom of
the chart or within the market class to which they apply. Such
improvements include: all new engines and transmissions; new engine
control systems; and other innovations affecting fuel economy such
as material substitutions, etc.
The emission control requirements alone constitute an all new
car change when it comes to resource expenditures and investment,
and these changes contribute little to the shape or style of the car.
The response to demands for smaller engines, lighter vehicles and
shorter wheelbases shows up on all charts for 1976 on. The reduc
tion of models and options offered for 1976, as well as minimization
of styling changes, is due in large part to redirection )f resources
towards meeting emission control and fuel economy requirements for
1979 and beyond. The standard and intermediate size vehicles saw
a concentration of weight reduction and shorter wheelbases in 1977
and 1978 as industry attempted to maintain large car sales levels
by offering "roominess" on a more economical basis. This same
strategy prevails in 1979 as all manufacturers attempt to re-size
their complete model line up.
The extension of product changes to 1985 is based onmanufacturers' changes prior to 1980 in conjunction with future
plans as reported in the media. Consequently, five to six year
intervals between major styling changes were carried through for
General Motors, six to eight year intervals for Ford and Chrysler,
and eight year intervals for AMC. AMC's product scheduling has
been the most difficult to estimate due to the severity of its
current business problems and estimations beyond the 1979 model
year are speculative in nature. Beyond 1981, estimations are equal
ly speculative for the other three manufacturers.
A wheelbase change is h convenient measure for monitoring down-
2-3
sizing trends. Name plates and wheelbase data therefore, are pro
jected in as much detail as is known. Known specific weights of
models are also identified and are helpful in tracking weight
reduction programs.*
As the vehicle wheelbase and curb weight are reduced, the
engine sizes required to maintain equivalent performance levels
correspondingly become smaller. Therefore, cases where a manu
facturer drops a large engine from its inventory are noted.
As mentioned previously, capital and other resource limitations
allow only a few new model introductions in a given year. Occasion
ally. d newl\' introduced downsized car in one market class may end
up equal in size or even smaller than its counterpart in the next
smaller market class. This results in two vehicle lines competing
against each other in the same weight range, a dilemma faced by
all manufacturers trying to downsize their complete vehicle spectrum
by the 1982 model year.
This situation may be circumvented in a number of ways. One
option is to drop competing lines. Chrysler plans to do this in
1979 by discontinuing the older intermediate B-Body and replacing
it with the new full sized R-Body cars (which were reduced to the
former B-Body weight class). Another approach is to allow the two
lines to compete in the same weight class for one year until the
next class is downsized. GM pursued this strategy in 1977 when
the weight of the new, downsized, standard B-Bodies competed in
the same weight class as the old intermediate A-Body in order to
preserve the A-Body customer base.
The following commentary summarizes each manufacturer's
past and future product plans in the vehicle and technology areas.
'''Refer to Volume 1II. Materials-Weight Analysis for mon' detaileddiscussion.
2-4
2.2 GENERAL MOTORS
GM's six year plan calls for each car in the entire corporate
passenger car lineup (except the Chevette which was new for 1976)to be reduced in size between 1977 and 1982. In domestic automobile manufacturing, GM is number one and provides the leadershipdue to its greater resources and ability to accomplish model introductions and weight reduction in a more systematic manner.Figures 2-1 and 2-2 present GM's passenger car Master ProductTiming for 1975 to 1980 and 1980 to 1985 respectively.
Technology is advancing so fast, that information can become
obsolete in a matter of months. Because of the rapid changes inengine developments at GM, many new engines planned for the 1980'shave come to light since May 1978 when the Schedules were completed.As a result, only about half of the potential new engines are shownon the Schedules.
1977 - The complete line of Band C Bodies (Standard andLuxury Standard models) were downsized with an all new structure,frame and styling. Wheelbases were reduced five to nine incheswith a corresponding weight loss of 700 to 800 pounds. Pontiacintroduced the 151 CID, L-4 "Iron Duke" engine which replaced theChevy 140 CID, L-4 aluminum block engine in 1978.
1978 - Downsizing extended to the Intermediate class as GMintroduced all new A-Bodies. Vehicle weight was reduced by 400
to 800 pounds as the wheelbase dropped to 108.1 inches from 112to 116 inches. Chevy and Buick each introduced new 900 V-6 enginesof 200 and 196 CID, respectively, for use by the new A-Body models.The aIds 350 CID diesel V-8 engine (GM's first passenger diesel) wasintroduced on full-sized aIds models and the Cadillac Seville inmid-year. The relatively unpopular Vega and Astre Subcompact nameplates were dropped with the Monza and Sunbird lines expanding toinclude hatchback and wagon models. A new Chevette 4-door modelwas introduced with a wheelbase three inches larger than the twodoor at 97.3 inches. The Chevette also received the first passivebelts to be offered on a domestic vehicle available in the springas an option. Buick introduced its new 231 CID turbocharged V-6
2-5
engine on the Regal and LeSabre which is the first turbochargedengine to employ electronic spark control to retard the spark atthe first sign of engine knock. Introduction of the first 3-waycatalyst equipped car using electronic carburetion was initiatedon several California models.
1979 - The front-wheel drive Toronado and Eldorado E-Bodyluxury cars and the Riviera B-Body rear drive will be downsizedto new front-wheel drive E-Body models. This new E-Body isessentially a stretched A-Body frame with front-wheel drive. Anew THM 325 automatic transaxle will be used in these new models.The Riviera will use a turbocharged 231 CIn V-6 engine as standard,the Toronado will use a 260 CIn V-8, and the Eldorado will use a350 CIn V-8. Oldsmobile is expected to introduce a new 260 CIndiesel V-8 during the model year. A new turbocharged 151 CIn L-4engine will be introduced by Pontiac for use on selected models.The introduction of all new front-wheel drive X-Body compacts hasbeen delayed until the Spring of 1979 and will be introduced as
1980 models. I~provements in carburetors and the use of lightweight materials continued selectively on all models.
1980 - The new X-Body compacts with front-wheel drive will beintroduced as early 1980 models in the Spring of 1979 with an expected wheelbase of 103.5 inches and a curb weight of 2700 pounds.Buick and Oldsmobile will have two and four door notchback sedansand Pontiac and Chevrolet will have two and foor door hatchbacksedans. A new THM 125 automatic transaxle and four speed manualtransaxle will be available on the new X-Bodies. Chevy will havea 2.8 liter, 600 V-6 and Pontiac, a transverse 151 CIn L-4available on the compacts. The Cadillac Seville will be an all newK-Body on a stretched A-Body frame with a wheelbase of 114 inches.The Band C-Body standard cars will have all new sheet metal withweight reduction of 200 pounds. Other new engine introductionsinclude: a 267 CIn Chevrolet V-8; a 2.2 liter transverse PontiacL-4; and a Buick 231 CIn diesel V-6. A new three-speed automatictransmission with lock-up torque converter should be availableon the larger cars. The Chevrolet Corvette will get new lightweight
2-6
materials and a smaller 305 CIO V-8 engine which will reduce the
weight of this car by 400 pounds.
1981 - The subcompacts will be downsized and changed to front
wheel drive and separated into two distinct designs. The Monza and
Sunbird will be new U-Body front-wheel drive subcompacts and the
Starfire and Skyhawk new sporty X-Special front-wheel drive subcom
pacts. A new front-wheel drive X-Body station wagon with a wheel
base of 104.9 inches and a curb weight of 3000 pounds is expected
to be introduced. A-Body models will receive all new sheet metal,
and a new four-speed automatic transmission with overdrive and
lock-up torque converter will be available. Airbags will again be
offered as optional equipment on large cars. The 5.0 liter (305 CIO)
V-8 will be the largest gasoline engine. (The 350 CIO diesel
V-8 will still be offered). New engines will include a turbocharged
260 CIO Oldsmobile V-8, and a 1.8 liter Chevy L-4. Phase II 3-way
catalytic converters with closed loop electronic fuel metering will
be offered on all non-diesel powered engines. EFI single point
injection systems will be offered on selected models
1982 - The F-Body Camaro and Firebird will be downsized to
a wheelbase of 102 and 103 inches and will retain the conventional
rear wheel drive configuration. This completes the downsizing of
the entire General Motors passenger car line-up. The front-wheel
drive, E and K-Bodies will receive new sheet metal and Chevrolet
is expected to introduce an all new, from the ground up, 350 CIO
diesel V-8 engine.
1983 - The second round of downsizing starts this year with the
C-Body luxury standards being reduced to a wheelbase of 118 inches
and converted to front-wheel drive. The B-Body standard cars will
also be downsized to a wheelbase of approximately 112 inches. A
new four-speed overdrive automatic transax1e will be available for
the new downsized front-wheel drive C-Bodies. The Chevette is also
expected to be converted to front-wheel drive on a 90 inch wheelbase.
The 267 CIO Chevy V-8 will be the largest engine available on any
model with the exception of the Corvette which ~ill still have a
305 CIO engine offered.
2-7
1984 - The Corvette will be an all-new Y-Body downsized to a
curb weight of 2500 pounds. A smaller turbocharged engine is ex
pected to be offered in the Corvette at this time.
2.3 FORD MOTOR COMPANY
Ford has allowed GM to test the market's acceptance of down
sizing and has decided not to start its general downsizing program
until 1979 with the introduction of new standard size cars, two
years behind General Motors. To stay competitive with GM, Ford in
troduced new compact models in 1978 which were designed to compete
againstGM'snew downsized A-Body intermediates. The complete re
vision of the intermediate/mid-size line-up of cars in 1980, and the
introduction of new luxury standard models will essentially bring
Ford up to date with General Motors in their downsizing strateries.
Figures 2-3 and 2-4 present Ford's passenger car Master Product
Timing for 1975 to 1980 and 1980 to 1985 respectively.
1977 - ]n addition to the new Cougar and Thunderbird, the
Versailles Wc3 introduced as a new luxury intermediate at mid
model year This was the last year of production for the Maver;,k
and Comet.
1978 - New compacts to replace the Maverick and Comet were
offered. Named Ford Fairmont and Mercury Zephyr, they include
a complete line of two and four door sedans and station wagons in
the 3,000 pound inertia weight class. With a wheelbase of 105.5
inches and increased interior volume, these models were marketed
against the new GM A-Body intermediates in the mid-size class.
The Fiesta front-wheel drive imported mini car was introduced to
test the small car market. Electronic engine control (EEC I) was
introduced on the Versailles 302 CIn V-8 engine with the capability
of controlling both spark advance and EGR flow rate. Three-way
catalysts were introduced for the first time on a limited number
of California models (Pintos and Bobcats). Torque converters on
all automatic transmissions were improved to increase their ef
ficiency and improve fuel economy.
1979 - Ford's new downsized standard models, as well as an all
new upsized Mustang and Capri highlight the model year. Aluminum
2-8
intake manifolds will be offered on 351 CIO V-8 engines. The Mus
tang and Capri will be available with a new 140 CIO turbocharged L-4
engine. EEC II (Electronic Engine Control of Spark, EGR, and air/
fuel ratio using a three-way catalyst and feedback carburetor) will
be in wide use on California models. Improvements in weight reduc
tion continue to be selectively used on all engines and models.
1980 - Luxury-Standard models will be downsized with wheelbases
six to ten inches less. New intermediate models will be introduced
with wheelbases similar to the Granada/Monarch which will be merged
into the intermediate line. A new 255 CIO V-8 engine will be
introduced as the 400 CIO V-8 engine is dropped. This new engine
will be widely used in the intermediate as well as standard models.
Passive belts will be available on some models.
1981 - A new front-wheel drive (European/American) Pinto notch
back compact will be introduced with a two-seat sport version. By
this time, the Fairmont/Zephyr will have been upgraded to low price
int~'~mediates and the new Pinto along with the Mustang and Capri will
become compacts. All vehicles will be equipped with three-way cat
alysts and exhaust sensors with either feedback carburetors or
electronic fuel metering systems. New 1.6 liter and 1.3 liter four
cylinder engines with aluminum intake manifolds and aluminum heads
will be used on the new front-wheel drive Pintos. Air bags will
be optional on large cars.
2.4 CHRYSLER CORPORATION
Chrysler's master plan is to standardize all models on four
basic wheelbases with two wheelbases being used in the subcompact
and compact classes in front-wheel drive configurations. and two
wheelbases being used in the intermediate and standard classes with
conventional rear-drive configurations. This standardization will
allow Chrysler to offer a full line of models yet still be able
to obtain manufacturing efficiencies and cost savings which will
keep it competitive in the market. Figures 2-5 and 2-6 present
Chrysler's passenger car Master Product Timing fOi 1975 to 1980 and
1'=18G te' 19B.; respectively.
2-9
1977 - The M-Body Dodge Diplomat and Chrysler LeBaron wereintroduced as intermediates in mid-year. Two and four-door coupesand sedans with 318 CID V-8 lean burn engines were included in theinitial offering. This was the last year for the C-Body Grand Fury,Royal Monaco, and Newport sedan and wagon.
1978 - Station wagons were added to the Diplomat/Lebaron lineas no more full-sized wagons are offered. The Fury and Monaco BBodies became the interim standard-sized car pending the introductionof the new R-Body in 1979. The Magnum XE edition of the Charger SEwas introduced and will replace the Charger for 1979. The DodgeOmni and Plymouth Horizon subcompact L-Body models were introducedmid-year as four-door hatchbacks with front-wheel drive and a transverse VW 1.7 liter four cylinder engine. The use of the lean burnspark advance system was extended to all V-8 engines and a newlock-up torque conterter was standard on most six and eight cylinderengines using automatic transnlissions.
1979 - The new downsized R-Body standard and luxury standardmodels will be introduced on a wheelbase of 118.5 inches. This isa reduction of three to six inches over the old models. The 400CID and 440 CID V-8 engines will be dropped making the 360 CID V-8engine the largest engine. The Fury, Monaco, and Charger SE intermediate models will be dropped. On the other end of the scale, newtwo-door, front-wheel drive subcompact Omni/Horizon models will beintroduced to complement the four-door models introduced in 1978.A new three-speed automatic transaxle with lock-up torque converterwill be available on the L-Body subcompacts. The lean burn systemwill be dropped on four and eight cylinder engines in favor of anelectronic spark control system. Advances in weight reduction willcontinue to be instituted selectively on all models.
1980 - The entire intermediate line received new sheet metal andwheelbase changes to conform to the Volare/Aspen size. The Cordoba/Magnum two-door models will be reduced slightly to a wheelbase of112.7 inches which is the same as the Diplomat/LeBaron and Volare/Aspen four-door sedans. The Diplomat/LeBaron two-door coupes will be
reduced to a wheelbase of 108.7 inches, the same size as the Volare/
2-10
Aspen two-door coupes. This is the last year for the conventionalVolare/Aspen, since they will be changed to front-wheel drive in 1981.The Imperial nameplate will be revived on a new luxury Y-Body intermediate with a wheelbase of 112.7 inches in mid-year. A turbocharged1.7 liter four cylinder engine will be available for the sporty twodoor L-Body subcompacts.
1981 - The Volare/Aspen compacts will be downsized to a wheelbaseof 100 inches and changed to a front-wheel drive configuration calledthe K-Body. Weight will be reduced 600 to 700 pounds. A new 2.2liter four cylinder Chrysler engine with a new Chrysler four speedoverdrive manual transaxle will be used in the new front-wheel driveK-Body. The Omni/Horizon will receive new sheet metal and will beresized to a wheelbase of 94 inches.
1982 to 1984 - In 1982, a new front-wheel drive luxury compactK-Body will be introduced giving Chrysler luxury models in the compact, intermediate, and full sized classes. A second round ofdownsizing is expected to start in 1983 with the full-sized R-Bodiesbeing reduced to a wheelbase of approximately 110 inches and theintermediate models being reduced to a wheelbase of 106.7 inches in1984. Several diesel engines will be introduced and also a newsmall four cylinder engine to replace the 1.7 liter VW engine.
2.5 AMERICAN MOTORS
Business problems, continuing deterioration of sales, ashortage of capital and other resources for design, developmentand tooling, permit very few improvements in AMC passenger carlines. Beyond the Pacer station wagon, introduced in 1977, nonew introductions are planned before 1984. Changes which areimplemented will be cosmetic and limited to sheet metal only.Figures 2-7 and 2-8 present American Motor Corporation's passengercar Master Product Timing for 1975 to 1980 and 1980 to 1985 respectively.
1977 - The two-door Pacer station wagon was introduced as anall-new model in the compact class. The Gremlin received major
sheet metal improvements and an optional Audi four cylinder 2 liter
engine.
2-11
1978 - The Pacer sedan and wagon received a new hood and front
end with an optional 304 CIn V-8 engine. The complete Hornet line
was upgraded with new interior, instrument panel, headlights, grille,and new front and rear ends. The Hornet nameplate was dropped in
favor of the AMX for hatchback coupes and Concord for the rest of
the line. In mid-year, a SPacer van package was introduced as a
dress-up option for the Pacer wagon.
1979 - The subcompact Gremlin will receive all-new sheet metal
and will be renamed. All automatic transmissions will receive the
Chrysler lock-up torque converter.
1980 - The Audi four cylinder 2 liter engine will be dropped
and AMC will pruchase the Pontiac 151 four cylinder engine in its
place. This move will be made to conserve capital which would have
been required to build the Audi engine.
1981 to 1984 - Sheet metal changes predominate as the Pacer
sedan, wagon and Concord are revised, one per year. A new mini
car is expected to be introduced in 1984 weighing approximately2,000 pounds and obtaining forty miles per gallon.
2-12
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3. THE DOMESTIC LIGHT TRUCK MANUFACTURERS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
The current and projected product schedules of new light truckintroductions and major styling changes for the five domesticlight truck manufacturers are shown from 1975 through 1980 in
Figures 3-1 through 3-10. Light trucks covered by the ProductSchedules are restricted to vehicles of 10,000 pounds GVW orless. Some general comments applicable to all schedules are:
a. Vehicle Classification - A classification system is
used to lJrovide some means for categorizing vehicles according
to their market and mission. Each classification is defined asfollows:
• Pickup - open bed cargo carrier available in thefollowing configurations:
1. Regular Cab2. Extended Cab3. Crew Cab4. Chassis Cab5. Stake and Platform6. Car Type7. Imported Compact
• Van - enclosed box shaped cargo or passenger areaavailable in the following configurations:
1. Cargo (generally without side windows)2. Passenger (generally with side windows)
3. Step4. High Cube5. Chassis Cab6. Imported Compact
• Utility - on or off road vehicle, generally four-wheeldrive, with a small cargo or passenger area (enclosed
or open).
• Wagon - Similar in style to the passenger auto stationwagon but built on a truck chassis providing largerpayloads.
3-1
The vehicles are also classified by size as follows:
CompactIntermediateFull Size
Wheelbase
Less than 110"Less than 120"Over 120"
Overall Length
and Less than 180"and Less than 190"and/or Over 190"
b. Silhouettes - a set of silhouettes which generallyshow the outline of the vehicles within each class are providedfor each series. For example, for the Ford Motor Company pickups,Styleside and Flareside regular cab pickups are shown as well asthe Supercab, Crew Cab, Chassis Cab and Stake models.
c. Technology Improvements - significant technology improvements as they relate to light trucks. These include newlight truck engines and other innovations such as the introduction of diesel engines and light weight materials (i.e., plasticfender liners).
d. Body Changes - body changes are shown by number coding
the models each year in a similar manner to the domestic automobile master product schedules. A comparison between the lighttruck and dOillestic automobile schedules shows that body changesare not as prevalent in ligi.1t trucks. Each light truck Elanu
£acturer uses increased availability of optional equipment,rati1er t"i.lan sty:i..ii.15 c:lc::.n;;es, 2S a i:.-.eans 0:: di~:cerentiating yearlymodel changes.
e. Statistics - basic statistics pertaining to each modelare shown on the charts. These include payload, curb weight, GVW,wheelbase, engines and transmissions as well as two or four wheeldrive options. These statistics are provided whenever available.
f. Projections - the extension of product changes to1980 is based on what the manufacturer did prior to 1978 as wellas published reports in the media. Intervals between major styl
ing changes are carried forward where it appears that a regularinterval actually exists. Most light truck manufacturers do notfollow a standard interval between major styling changes and, as
a result, projections are not possible in those cases.
Recently, fuel economy standards have been established for
light trucks up to 8,500 pounds GVW for 1980 and 1981 which all
manufacturers must meet. These standards are divided for two
different categories of light trucks, two-wheel drive and four
wheel drive, and are shown below with the 1979 industry estimate.
Final Standard (MPG)
1980 1981
2WD4WD
Industry Estimate (MPG)
1979
14.6
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16
14
18
15.5
Trucks are still primarily work-horses despite increased
recreational use, hence emission and fuel economy goals are more
modest. The requirement to haul heavy loads safely means that
weight reduction potential for light trucks is limited due to
durability constraints.
As each manufacturer changes its product line to comply with
increased fuel economy, safety, and emissions requirements, more
changes in the near future will become evident. These changes are
now just starting to become available through the traditional ref
erence sources.
3.2 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT
A Master Product Schedule similar to the one described above
was compiled for each manufacturer, showing the major changes in
optional equipment for each model by year in lieu of the basic
changes in statistics. These charts depict more clearly the way
light truck manufacturers differentiate their year to year offerings
by the increased use of comfort/convenience and special trim options
rather than by actual changes in styling.
3.3 GENERAL MOTORS LIGHT TRUCKS
Two makes of light trucks are produced by General Motors (GM) ,
Chevrolet, and GMC. The make and series names shown on the Master
Product Schedule are for the Chevrolet line of light trucks. The
GMC line is identical except for minor trim differences and the
name plates. The trend in pickups has been similar to Ford in that
3-3
an all new body or new sheet metal is introduced every six years.
The general trend of increasing availability of comfort options
and other extras in the light truck line is being actively fol
lowed by GM.
GM Product Schedules are shown in Figures 3-1 and 3-2; the
notes and cross-reference lists are in Appendix B.
1976 - The Blazer was redone to
design and conventional steel doors.
equipped with automatic transmissions
wheel drive transfer box.
include a new steel cab
All four-wheel drive vehicles
received the full time four-
1977 - Most light truck lines received onl) minor changes to
include new trim. New comfort/convenience options were added to
most lines to include the industry's first adjustable steering
column available in vans.
1978 - The El Camino is all new as it is derived from the new
GM A-body cars. The aIds 350 CID V-8 diesel engine is available
as optional equipment on the pickups. This is the first use of a
diesel engine by GM in a light truck. Additional comfort/con
venience and exterior decor options are available in most light
truck lines.
1979 - Pickups are scheduled for new bodies as they had new
sheet metal in 1973. All other lines will be carryovers.
1980 - A new front wheel drive compact van with a 105" wheel
base will be introduced. It is currently called the MPC and is
derived from the new front wheel drive X-Body compact car.
3.4 FORD LIGHT TRUCKS
The trend in pickups has been to have an all new body or new
sheet metal every six years, whereas the vans ;.re on a seven year
cycle. A new major introduction is announced almost every year in
one of the Ford lines. Again, the major trend has been to increase
the availability of comfort/convenience options and other extras
in the light truck line since more people are looking at light
trucks as basic transportation instead of being solely for com
mercial use.3-4
Ford Product Schedules are shown in Figures 3-3 and 3-4; the
notes and cross-reference lists are in Appendix B.
1975 - Ford introduced the first body on frame vans midway
through the model year. In the pickup area, a new F-150 pickup
truck line was introduced between the F-IOO and F-250 models.
1976 - All light truck lines received new comfort/convenience
options with the pickups also getting new grilles and trim. A
new F-150 four wheel drive pickup truck was introduced in a 133
wheelbase only. Vans received the first optional factory installed
swivel highback bucket seats.
1977 - The Ranchero car-type pickup received all new sheet
metal. Pickup trucks again received new grilles and trim. A
new F-250 redesigned 4 x 4 with increased payload, smoother ride,
special options, and easier steering was introduced. The Courier
imported pickup truck was all new, with two different wheelbases
and cargo box sizes available. The 360 and 390 CID engines were
dropped as the 351 and 400 CID V-8 engines took their places. A
new 2.75:1 economy axle was introduced. Pickups got new plastic
front inner fenders and rear wheel house liners. The Broncho
four-wheel drive utility vehicle received a new l4-gallon plastic
fuel tank. Again, all light truck lines received improved comfort/
convenience options.
1978 - The Broncho Utility vehicle is all new. Designed like
a chopped down version of the pickup truck, it competes head-on
with the Chevy Blazer. An optional 300 CID L-6 dual-displacement
engine was scheduled to be introduced in mid-year, but was dropped
due to problems.
1979 - An all new pickup truck line is due. Continuation of
the trend to more comfort/convenience and decor options is expected.
3.5 CHRYSLER LIGHT TRUCKS
Chrysler withdrew from the heavy truck market in 1975, and the
medium truck market in 1977, to concentrate on the very profitable
light trucks. With the Dodge line of light trucks, Chrysler
3-5
Corporation is expected to introduce two new compact vehicles for
the 1979 model year in order to maintain its momentum as the fast
est growing light truck manufacturer.
Product Schedules for Chrysler are shown in Figures 3-5 and
3-6; notes and cross-reference lists are in Appendix B.
1976 - Only minor changes were made to all light truck lines.
All models are considered carryovers and vans are equipped with auto
matic transmissions with a new electronic transmission fluid
level and temperature sensor.
1977 Pickups and the Ramcharger utility vehicle were gjven
new grilles and trim while the Ramcharger was offered in both four
wheel drive and two-wheel drive versions.
1978 - All vans got new sheet metal. Pickups received a newoptional 6 cylinder 105 horsepower diesel engine by Mitsubishi for
mid-year introduction (a first for Chrysler). Other models werecarryovers.
1979 - New compact pickup will be introduced along with a new
f~ont wheel drive compact van. A new diesel version of the 225
CIn Slant Six engine will be introduced.
3.6 MlliRICAN MOTORS LIGHT TRUCKS
The optimism which American Motors (AMC) has for its Jeep line
can clearly be seen by the major structure and design changes which
have been made in these vehicles. The increase in buyer preference
for utility and four-wheel drive vehicles, and the dominance of theJeep name in this market segment, will result in the light truck
line contributing more than its share toward the profitability
of AMC in the future. Changes in each model line are expected tobe dramatic and popular to capitalize on its current marketing
position.
AMC Product Schedules are shown in Figures 3-7 and 3-8; notesand cross-reference lists are in Appendix B.
1976 - AMC introduced the new CJ-7 utility vehicle with an allnew structural polycarbonate plastic hardtop option. The CJ-6 was
3-6
dropped from the U. S. market and will only be produced for export.
All Jeep lines received new improved frames and suspension systems
as well as minor cosmetic changes.
1977 - Cherokee Wagon became available in two and four door
versions as the bottom of the line four door Wagoneer was dropped.
Gross vehicle weight ratings (GVWR) were increased three to four
hundred pounds for the J-20 pickup trucks.
1978 - All models were carryovers with only minor increases
in optional equipment availability.
1979 - New "Shorty" Flareside Pickup will be introduced with
a 108.7" wheelbase. This is 10 inches shorter than the standard
Jeep pickup. A new 2.7 liter four cylinder 70 horsepower diesel
engine will be available on the CJ series of Utility Vehicles.
1980 - New "Jeep II" downsized utility vehicle with a 76 in,~h
wheelbase will be offered with a new 2 liter four cylinder engine.
3.7 INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER LIGHT TRUCKS
Information pertaining to the advanced product planning of
International Harvester (IH) is very difficult to obtain due to
its small market position and the limited number of models avail
able. Its general strategy has been to drop lines which are not
profitable and expand those lines which are popular.
International Harvester Product Schedules are shovffi in Figures
3-9 and 3-10; notes and cross-reference lists are in Appendix B.
1975 - A new 150 series of light duty pickups, Travelall
wagons, and Scout utility vehicles were introduced to augment the
existing line.
1976 - The Travelall wagon and conventional light duty pickups
were dropped completely. The Scout line of utility vehicles was
expanded to include new intermediate sized pickups and wagons called
the Terra and Traveler. A new 6-cylinder diesel engine was intro
duced as optional equipment on all light truck lines. making IH the
first domestic light truck manufacturer to offer a diesel engine.
The Scout II Travel Top was a carryover from 1975.3-7
1977 - All Scout models received new trim. New comfort/convenience options and off road driving packages were introduced inall Scout lines.
1978 - The trend toward more comfort/convenience options wascontinued as a convertible top (with or without a sun roof), rearstep bumper, and other options were added to each model.
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19
n19
78IFI
CATIO
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1037
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t.36
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1347
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4. THE MAJOR IMPORT MANUFACTURERS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 General
The current and projected product timing schedules for selected
foreign automotive manufacturers, illustrated in Figures 4-1
through 4-11, provide a means for comparing differences and
similarities among the various manufacturers and their products.
Domestic manufacturers group models into specific market
classes by body type and/or wheelbase size. The import manufacturers,
on the other hand, do not group models by the same criteria;
emphasis is placed on vehicle weight and engine size and not the
body styles. Moreover, a larger wheelbase need not imply a
heavier vehicle or one which is less fuel efficient or produces
higher emissions.
Information presented on the schedules was derived from many
reference sources including technical and trade journals, MVMA
specification forms, annual reports, company literature, etc.
Although these sources provide some insight into the current
products offered by import manufacturers, data is sparse regarding
future import product plans when compared to the information avail
able on the domestic manufacturers' plans.
Foreign manufacturers are cognizant of U.S. vehicle standards
regarding fuel economy, safety, and emissions in product planning,
and allocate resources to comply with these standards as well as
to react to consumer and competitive forces. Import manufacturers
must also contend with forces and standards imposed in their own
home market which often exceed those in the U.S. Nevertheless,
some producers seem to make styling changes and technological
improvements within the bounds of limited resources in a faster and
more precise manner compared to U.S. manufacturers. The level
of change, technology, resources, and lead times required in intro
ducing new vehicles or modifying current products is proportionally
as considerable for foreign manufacturers as it is for U.S.
manufacturers, although affecting a smaller volume of vehicles.
4-1
Analysis of appropriate sources indicates that the introduction
of a new model involves approximately six planning process activities.
*Those used by Toyota are:
Concept Definition
Styling
Engineering
Prototype and TestingTooling and Manufacturing
Full Volume Production.
This product planning cycle is representative of other import
manufacturers.
The product planning cycles of foreign manufacturers often
seem erratic or non-existent when correlated to the introductory
date into the U.S. market. Actually, a car may have been produced
for the horne market for two or three years before it is "Americanized"
and exported to the U.S. The decision to introduce a car to the
U.S. market may be due to a combination of factors, among them:
Excessive productivity at horne
Salability to a small but specific segment of the U.S. market
The mystique of owning a foreign auto
Lower prices than domestics
Innovative technology
Opportunity for increased profits from larger sales volume
Market analysis indicating a need for this vehicle.
Weight reduction and fuel economy are generally not the
greatest problems faced by import manufacturers (although there are
a few notable exceptions). The U.S. market has a larger variety
of market segments than most import manufacturers have products in
which to compete. As a result, as domestic manufacturers' vehicles
become smaller and compete more directly with the import manufacturers,
the limited variety of vehicles offered by import manufacturers may
be their major problem.
*Refer to The Wheel Extended (a Toyota in-house publication),Spring 1975, pages 38-46, for a full discussion.
4-2
4.1.2 Product Schedules
The selected sample vehicles displayed for each manufacturer
are arranged in ascending curb weight. The derivatives of a basic
vehicle are clustered around this curb weight, even if the weight
of one derivative vehicle is higher than another "core" vehicle.
For example, while a Toyota Celica coupe weighs less than a Corona,
a Celica liftback may be heavier than a Corona; however, the liftback
is displayed between the Celica coupe and the Corona to highlight the
derivation from the basic Celica mod~l. Trucks, pick-ups and vans
are always displayed last.
Vehicle class, though not as clearly discernible fur the imports
as for the domestics, follows engine displacement rather than body
size. The engine displacement in cubic centermeters is noted for
each year's models. Many importers designate models by series with
the model numbers referring to passenger capacity, doors, number of
barrels in carburetor, body style, or other distinguishing features.
Unlike domestic vehicles, where once a new body or all new
car is introduced will usually not be changed again Tor a
number of years, foreign vehicles offered in the U.s. market car. more
readily be replaced by a vehicle already offered in the horne
market (once U.S. emission and safety regulations have been met).
New body or new auto introductions are restricted each year by
limited resources, with most new auto or body changes derived from
existing vehicles. This is possible because, generally speaking,
foreign manufacturers offer only a portion of their entire fleet
to the U.S. market.
Body changes are shown by number coding the models each year
in a similar manner to the domestic automobile master product
schedules. These changes are: 1) all new car, new body; 2) new
sheet metal; 3) new grille, taillights, trim; and 4) carryover, no
change. In addition to body changes, the import manufacturers will
periodically make major component changes to selected models. These
changes are shown by using "dashed lines" for the year in which the
change occurred.
4-3
Because auto manufacturers are traditionally reticent about
disclosing future styling plans, projections beyond the 1979 model
year are somewhat speculative. Sources of information are identified
on each chart by numbers in parentheses which refer to the cross
reference matrices found in Appendix C.
Technological advances. as they relate to safety, emissions,
and fuel economy, are displayed on the bottom of the schedules
to track prototype and research changes.
Since introduction dates for the home country and the U.S.
can vary widely, different symbols are used to show this variance.
4.2 JAPANESE IMPORTS (Figures 4-1 through 4-5)
Japanese automobile manufacturers have been very successful
in marketing their products in the U.S. market. These products
have consisted of small, lightweight, fuel efficient automobiles
and compact light trucks which are well engineered, reliable,
provide high quality, and feature many items as standard equipment
which are usually optional on domestic vehicles. With emission
standards in Japan considered to be more severe than in the United
States, along with higher gasoline cost, much research has gone
into innovative engines and emission control systems which provide
reduced emissions with minimal effects on fuel economy.
As U.S. manufacturers reduce the average vehicle size of their
fleet to meet fuel economy regulations, and the U.S. dollar contin
ues to devaluate against the yen, the Japanese manufacturers will
face greater competition in the small car market. This generally
means that the traditional emphasis on attracting price-conscious
buyers will have to be modified. The 1979 model cars will be dressed
up to appeal to a "more youth-oriented market" and will include more
American-type styling including a wider range of exterior and in
terior trim options.
4-L,.
Recent sharp price increases have hurt sales causing inventor
ies to rise. Further drops in the value of the dollar could signal
the end of some low-volume, relatively low-profit models in the U.S.
to reduce overall dealer inventories. As a result of these pricing
and sales problems, each major Japanese auto maker is considering
building assembly plants in the U.S. if the cost and stability of
U.S. labor make it advantageous.
4.2.1 Toyota
Toyota first sold passenger cars in 1957 but produced four-wheel
drive utility vehicles prior to that. Since Toyota is more likely
than any other importer to take a model off the U.S. market and re
place it with another one previously available only in Japan, any
significant model change or introduction of a new vehicle in Japan
is of primary significance here in the U.S. Toyota offers six
basic models in the United States. These include: the Corolla;
the Celica; the Corona; the Mark II/Cressida; the Land Cruiser; and
a compact pick-up truck. (See Figure 4-1 for product schedule~
The Corolla line (introduced in 1973) includes two and four-
door sedans, a three-door hatchback, and a five-door wagon, avail
able with either a four-speed manual or optional automatic trans
mission. In 1976, new SR-5 sport coupe and deluxe liftback models
with five-speed overdrive manual transmissions were introduced. A
new, smaller, 1200 cc engine was introduced in 1977 as standard
equipment on the base two-door sedan to provide improved fuel economy;
in addition, a new grille, front air dam, instrument panel and in
creased sound insulation were added. A new front-wheel-drive sub
Corolla was introduced in Japan for 1978 with a 1452 cc four-cylinder
longitudinally mounted engine; four and five speed manual, as well
as automatic transmissions were offered. This sub-Corolla may be
introduced in the United States in 1979 at the same time the base
Corolla receives new sheet metal.
4-5
The Ce1ica is the sporty Toyota with three versions offered:the GT Liftback; the GT Sport Coupe; and the ST Sport Coupe.Standard features on the Ce1ica include a 2189 cc overhead camfour-cylinder engine, transistorized ignition, and a five speedmanual transmission; automatic transmission and power steeringare available as options. The Ce1ica, when initially introducedin 1971, included only ST and GT coupe models. In 1975, the newlarger 20-R four-cylinder engine was made standard replacing the18-R engine. In 1976, the GT Liftback model was added to the lineand aside from this, there was little change until 1978. TheCelica was all new for 1978 providing 35 percent more glass area thanthe old model, a five-speed manual transmission as standard ratherthan the four-spee~ and a curb weight reduced by one hundred pounds.For 1979 and 1980, all Celica models are expected to be carry-overs.
The Corona is a larger, roomier model available in two-dooror four-door sedans, and a five-door wagon version. Initially
introduced in 1974, the Corona is available with the same overheadcam engine used in the Celica; four or five-speed manual or anautomatic transmission are available. In 1977, the Corona receiveda restyled hood, grille, and taillights. Power steering was addedfor the first time and the suspension system was improved. ALuxury Edition Corona was added to the series to fill the gapcreated by the discontinuation of the Mark II in 1976.
Toyota has three types of diesel cars in production all basedon the Crown four-door sedan, which are sold only in Japan. Theone with a four-cylinder overhead cam 2188 cc diesel engine and afour-speed manual transmission may be offered in the United States
if diesel emission standards can be met.
The Mark II, Toyota's largest and most luxurious sedan, wasdropped at the end of 1976 in preparation for the production oftwo new cars derived from the Mark II. One model, the Chaser, issold only in Japan. It has a three-way catalys~ two liter sixcylinder fuel injected engine and is expected to comply with all
4-6
4.2.2 Datsun
The Datsun trade name was derived from the initials of the
three financial backers of the Kaishinsha Motor Works, predecessor
of Nissan Motor Company. Their names were Den, Ayoama, and Takeuchi.
At first the company name selected was "Datson," intended to mean
"son of DAT, " but the word "son" sounded too much like the Japanese
word for "loss" so the car was renamed "Datsun."
Except for a few commercial vehicle lines, such as Nissan Caball
and Nissan Junior, all the company's exported products are called
"Datsun." In the domestic market, both Nissan and Datsun are used
as product names. For example, the Datsun 810 in the U.S. is a
Datsun Bluebird in Japan but the Datsun 710 in the U.S. is a Nissan
Violet in the horne market. The Nissan label extends to the top of
the line vehicles while the Datsun name mainly applies to lower
priced cars. All vans, trucks and busses carry the Nissan designation
in Japan. Table 4-1 presents the complete model lineup for all
Nissan passenger cars. Figure 4-2 shows the 1975-80 Product Schedule.
TABLE 4-1. NISSAN PASSENGER CAR MODEL LINEUP
Domestic Market USA and Canada Other Overseas Markets
Nissan Cherry F-ll F-IO 100-A, 120-ADatsun Sunny B-210 120Y
Nissan Silvia 200-SX Not soldNissan Violet 710 l40-J, l60-JDatsun Bluebird 810 160-B, 180-BNissan Skyline :~ot sold 180-K, 240-KNissan Laurel Not sold 200-LNissan Fairlady 2 280-2 260-2Nissan Cedric Not sold 200-C, 260-CNissan Gloria Not sold 200-C, 260-CNissan President Not sold Not sold
Source: Automotive NeHs, Octoher 31, 1977 , page 1-9.
4-8
emission standards of both Japan and the U.S. The other, the
Cressida, was introduced to the U.S. market at the beginning
of 1978 and is available in a four-door sedan or five-door wagon.
It uses the same six-cylinder 2563 cc engine as the old Mark II but
is 146 pounds lighter and is available only with an automatic trans
mission. The Cressida styling is essentially the same as the
Chaser except for different front grille designs.
The Land Cruiser, available as a two-door hardtop or four-door
wagon, has been sold for twenty-six years. The wagon has a 106 inch
wheelbase, uses a six-cylinder engine and, at 4300 pounds, is the
heaviest Toyota imported.
Toyota also produces compact pick-up trucks for the U.S. market.
Initially available with only a standard bed with either a deluxe
four-speed or automatic transmission, an SR-5 sport version with
a five-speed manual transmission was introduced in 1975. In 1976,
the new long bed version was introduced along with a more powerful
2189 cc four-cylinder engine.
Toyota has engaged in fuel economy research since 1972 and
emissions research since 1973 with research on the Toyota Total
Clean System (TTCS) ongoing. To meet Japan's tough 1978 emissions
standards, Toyota will utilize its turbulence generating pot (TGP)
combustion method in the 1600 cc 12T-U type engine.
The F110, a front-wheel drive prototype vehicle with a rotary
engine under consideration for introduction in the ~900'S, will be
d six passenger luxury sedan wit~ a slidin~ door.
An expErimental stratified clla~ge rotary engine w,th greater
fuel economy than the cwo liter piston engine has been tested in
Toyota Crown and Mark II vehicles. At 21 mpg in 1978, a ten percent
increase is expected before production. When this engine is approvedfor production, it may first appear in the U.S. mqrket in a Cressida.
4-7
The B-2l0, which arrived in the U.S. in 1974 and replaced the
old model 1200, has undergone only minor changes since its introduction.
These mi.nor changes have included: a larger 1397 cc engine in 1975;
a new grille, five-speed manual transmission option, and a seventy-
five pound weight reduction for 1977; and an automatic transmission
option for 1978. Major changes are scheduled for 1980 when it will
be squared off, have more glass area, and will undergo a weight
reduction of one hundred pounds. The B-2l0 is available in two-door
coupe, three-door hatchback, and four-door sedan versions.
The front wheel drive F-lO is available in a hatchback with
a five-speed manual transmission and a two-door sport wagon with
a four-speed manual transmission. Introduced in the United States
in the middle of 1976, the F-lO uses the same engine as the B-2l0
but is not available with an automatic transmission. A front-wheel
drive vehicle based on the B-2l0 is expected to replace the F-lO
in the U.S. market in the middle of 1979.
In 1978. a new 510 model was introduced in the United States
to replace the old 710 model which was originally introduced in
1973. This new 510 is similar to the 510 model sold in the United
States from 1968 to 1972 with the exception of some suspension
changes. Currently, the 510 is available in two and four-door
sedans and a five-door wagon version with a four-speed manual
transmission or an optional automatic; a three-door hatchback is
also available with only a five-speed manual transmission. The
510 uses the same 1952 cc four-cylinder engine which was introduced
on the old 710 in 1975. A new 710 model was introduced in Japan
in 1977 but is not currently scheduled for introduction in the
United States.
A new 810 model was introduced in the U.S. in 1977 as a
replacement for the smaller 610 model. The 810 uses a 2393 cc six
cylinder engine rather than the 1952 cc four-cylinder engine used
on the 610 and has a 104.3 inch wheelbase compared with the 98.4
inch wheelbase on the 610. This engine is a detuned version of
the one used on the old 240-2 sports car.
4-9
At the beginning of 1978, a new B-310 model was introduced in
Japan. This vehicle is currently not scheduled for introduction
in the United States.
The 200-SX introduced to the U.S. in 1977, has the same wheel
base as the B-2l0 but uses the same 2 liter engine found in the 510.
The 2DO-SX has a five-speed manual transnassion as standard equipment
with optional automatic transmission.
The 280-2, which replaced the 260-2 in 1975, had electronic
fuel injection offered on the 2753 cc engine. (The 260-2 replaced
the 240-2 in the early 1970's.) The 280-2 2+2 version introduced
at the end of the 1975 model year is longer and provides a rear
seat not offered on the base 280-2. Electronic fuel injection was
standard with the 2753 cc engine. In 1977, the more advanced
Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection system was standard and an
automatic transmission was offered as an option. A new model
introduced in 1978 in Japan will probably be offered in the U.S.
in 1979 as the 290-2.
Datsun also offers compact pick-up trucks in the U.S. market.
In 1976, a long body version was introduced with an 88.6 inch
long bed versus the 73.2 inch bed in the standard pick-up. Alsointroduced in 1976 was a king cab version with additional space
behind the front seat for storage. This is the only compact pick-up
truck currently offered with this feature. A "cab-over" pick-up
truck is currently in production for the Japanese market and may
be introduced in the United States in 1979.
4.2.3 Honda (Figure 4-3)
Honda entered the U.S. market in 1973 with the introduction
of the Civic, available in two-door sedan or hatchback versions.
The Civic remained unchanged until 1978 when it received new trim
and a name change to the Civic 1200 to distinguish it from the
Civic CVCC series. Offered with a 1237 cc conventional four-cylinder
engine, the Civic is not available in California or high altitude
locations due to emissions requirements. (Sec Figure 4-3 iorrroduc~ Schedule.)
4-10
The Civic CVCC is available in two-door sedan, three-door
hatchback, and five door wagon versions. The compound vortex
controlled combustion (CVCC) engine was introduced in 1975 and is
currently available on all Honda models except the Civic 1200.
The Civic CVCC models use a 1488 cc four-cylinder engine; the two
door sedan and three-door hatchback have an 86.6 inch wheelbase
and the five-door wagon has an 89.9 inch wheelbase. As in the
Civic 1200, all Civic models received new trim for 1978 and will
be all new in Japan for 1980.
The Accord CVCC was first introduced in the United States in
the middle of 1976. Built on a 93.7 inch wheelbase with a wider
track than the Civic, the Accord uses a 1600 cc CVCC four-,~ylinder
engine. A luxury LX model with variable assist power steering,
air conditioning, and other luxury items was introduced in the
United States in 1978. At the same time, a four-door Accord was
introduced in Japan. For 1979, a new 1800 cc CVCC engine will
replace the current 1600 cc engine; the four-door Accord 'vill be
offered to the U.S. market at this time only in the LX version.
A 2+2 sports car based on the Accord will be introduced in Japan
in 1980.
All Honda passenger cars are equipped with transverse mounted
engines and front-wheel drive and can use leaded fuel. Available
transmissions include: a two-speed semi-automatic on all models;
a four-speed manual transmission on all Civic models; and a five
speed manual on the Civic CVCC sedan and hatchback and all Accords.
Honda is currently testing a CVCC V-8 engine for possible
future application iT passenger cars.
4.2.4 ~ubaru
Subaru started exporting cars to the United States in the
late 1960's when Malcom Bricklin was its chief U.S. distributing
agent. The increased popularity of the Subaru line is easily
evidenced by its climb from twelfth in import sales in 1976 tofifth in 1978. New vehicle introductions are not restricted to
4-11
the beginning of the model year but occur throughout the year.
All Subaru models use front-whee1-drive and horizontally opposed
four-cylinder engines. (See Figure 4-5 for the Product Schedule.)
The SEEC-T (Subaru Exhaust Emission Control - Thermal and
Thermodynamic control) engine was introduced on all 1976 models
in both the 1400 cc and 1600 cc engine sizes. In 1977, the 1400 cc
engine was dropped and all Subaru models now use the 1600 cc SEEC-T
engine. In 1977, the Subaru was called the cleanest car in the
world.
Subaru conducted a two-phase improvement program for all its
models. Phase I was completed in 1977 with the upgrading of its
engine and drivetrain. A sheet metal change made on all models
in 1978 completed Phase II.
The GF hardtop is a two-door model with roll-down rear windows.
In 1976 it was offered only with an automatic transmission but a
five-speed manual was added for 1977.
The DL series includes a two-door coupe, four-door sedan, and
five-door wagon. The coupe has "pop out" rear windows and is avail
able only with a five-speed manual transmission. The sedan and
wagon are available with four or five-speed manual transmissions
as well as automatic. In 1976, the wagon was introduced and the
coupe and sedan were redesigned.
Also introduced in 1976 was the 4WD wagon (four-wheel drive)
based on the DL wagon. This is the only factory-produced four-wheel
drive compact vagon offered in the U.S. market. In 1978, a four
wheel drive vehicle which looks like a mini pick-up truck but
equipped with two seats facing the rear in the bed was introduced
for the recreational market and called the BRAT (Bi-drive Recreational
All-terrain Transporter). Both four-wheel drive vehicles are
available only with a four-speed manual transmission.
4-12
4.2.5 Mazda
Mazda's commitment to the rotary engine is the strongest
of any car manufacturer. Since the early sixties, it has manu
factured more rotary-powered cars and trucks than any other
company. High speed acceleration and performance are considered
to be among the rotary's chief selling strengths, and the Mazda
RX7 is the sportiest rotary made. After the successful intro
duction in the U.S. of Mazda's first rotary powered car in 1973,
sales suffered due to bad publicity about the low fuel economy
of the rotary engine. Mazda is trying to rebuild the image of
the rotary engine as a high performance sports car engine rather
than as an efficient engine for compact or smaller vehicles.
Since then it has received recognition as an alternative to the
internal combustion piston engine where small size and high per
formance are important. Mazda is currently putting more emphasis
on the conventional piston engine vehicles it produces. (See
Figure 4-5 for Production Schedules.)
Mazda vehicles are distributed by three different distributors
in the United States, broken down into three different geographic
areas: the West Coast; Central States; and East Coast. Not all
models are offered in each zone nor is a given model introduced
at the same time by each distributor. In addition, prices may vary
in the three different areas.
In 1976, the Mazda 808 Mizer was introduced as a fuel economy
version of the 808 sedan with a smaller 1272 cc four-cylinder
piston engine versus the 1586 cc engine in the sedan. All 808
models were dropped in the United States at the end of 1977
after the successful introduction of the GLC three-door hatchback.
The GLC uses the same 1272 cc four-cylinder piston engine as the
old 808 Mizer and was expanded in 1978 to include five-door hatch
back and three-door sport versions. The GLC is available with
either a four or five-speed manual transmission, as well as a
three-speed automatic.
4-13
The RX3 coupe was the first rotary car introduced in the
United States by Mazda in 1973. For 1978, it was made into a
sportier version and called the RX-3SP. This was used as the
forerunner of the RX-7, a very classy two-seat sports car, which
was introduced in May 1978. The RX-7 uses a slightly larger 1300 cc
two rotor engine and is designed to compete with the Datsun 2802
and Chevrolet Corvette.
In 1974, Mazda introduced the RX-4 sedan in two-door, four
door, and wagon versions. This is a larger, heavier car than theRX-3 and uses a 1308 cc two rotor engine. The Cosmo hardtop was
introduced in 1976 as a luxury version of the RX-4 sedan. It
uses the same engin~ drivetrai~ and wheelbase as the RX-4 and
received the same trim changes in 1977. The Cosmo is also known
as an RX-5 in some markets and as the Legato in Europe.
A new model called the Luce Legato, was introduced in Japan
for 1978 and utilizes either a rotary engine or a new two-liter
four-cylinder engine. There are no plans at this time to export
this vehicle to the U.S.
The Mazda pick-up introduced in 1976, was offered with a
rotary engine through the end of 1977. In 1978, there were three
versions offered: the older B-1600, now with a four-cylinder 1586 cc
engine on a 104 inch wheelbase; the new short bed B-1800 pick-up
with a 1796 cc four-cylinder engine and a 107 L1ch wheelbase; and
the new long bed B-1800 with a 113 inch wheelbase.
For 1979, Mazda will offer only three basic vehicles in the
U.S., and only one will have a rotary engine. The GLC and RX-7
passenger cars will remain along with the pick-up trucks. All
other models will be dropped in an effort to rebuild the image
of the rotary engine and to establish Mazda as a leader in piston
engine technology.
4-14
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4.3 EUROPEAN IMPORTS
Since European auto manufacturers export a significant portion
of their production, they must be conscious of the regulatory dif
ferences between many countries. A lack of international coopera
tion indicates a need for more common market initiative in solving
problems shared by all manufacturers including emissions, energy,
safety, and economic restraints, such as import/export tariffs and
regulatory controls. Bureaucratic intervention frequently has had
a counter-productive impact on the European automobile industry
due to excessive controls from government agencies that do not fully
understand the industry or market. Excessive taxation and state
ownership without regard to principles of free enterprise plague the
industry as well.
External factors also cause concern among the West European
countries. East European countries often price exports well below
identical models sold domestically in order to acquire needed
currencies for exchange; at the same time, West European countries
are usually excluded from marketing their products in the East
European bloc. In some cases, a West European manufacturer contracts
to provide a "turnkey" plant for an eastern country to produce models
essentially identical to vehicles offered in the west. Competition
is further enhanced when the eastern nation then exports those same
vehicles, much to the dismay of the providing company. Japanese ex
ports also have a deleterious effect as they begin to compete more
heavily in the European market. In addition, European companies
have difficulties marketing their models in the lucrative developing
nations as the latter move to protect their own emerging industries.
In Europe, productivity is the key element in the automobile
business as it is most elsewhere in the world. It is defined as:
a) Number of cars built per worker;
b) Capital investment per worker.
In 1977, Renault was ne3r the top in both measures while Ford and
Chrysler European affiliates were near the bottom. Productivity
4-25
improvements become harder to achieve due to frequent wildcat
strikes and the job protection requirements of labor unions. In
addition, regulatory requirements of the various governments put
an increased burden on both personnel and capital which tends to
lower productivity.
All foreign auto manufacturers exporting vehicles for the United
States market must comply with the United States fuel economy,
emissions, and safety standards designated for model years 1978-1985.
Currently, the average European car imported to the United States
satisfies the 1980 and 1981 CAFE requirements of 20 and 22 miles per
gallon. While a number of individual production models meet the 1985
CAFE requirement, such as the diesel version of the Volkswagen Rabbit
which has a combined fuel economy rating of 45 miles per gallon, no
manufacturer's current corporate average achieves the 1985 CAFE
requirement of 27.5 miles per gallon, nor does any manufacturer's
fleet meet the 1980-1985 emission standards.
Alternatives available to meet the CAFE regulations are restricted
by the lead times required to develop and implement new technologies.
Application of new engine types and alternative power systems are,
therefore, not feasible for the short-term period from 1979-1985.
Instead, the European companies are concentrating on weight reduction
techniques, expanded use of diesel and turbocharged engines, and
vehicle designs which incorporate aerodynamic principles. For example,
substitution of lightweight plastic, aluminum and high strength steel
for mild steels; improved manufacturing processes; and replacement of
heavy and complex parts with electronic equipment all contribute to
weight reduction. Volkswagen has estimated that a 10 percent reduc
tion of the aerodynamic drag coefficient could result in a 3.5 percent
fuel saving. The majority of European manufacturers already offer or
are developing diesel and/or turbocharged engines which achieve
higher fuel economy ratings than comparable sized gasoline engines.
However, until diesel emissions standards are established by theUnited States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), continued diesel
engine development by the European manufacturers will not be without
some degree of risk.
4-26
Based on currently available data, it appears that manufacturers
can comply with 1985 fuel economy standards if certain circumstancesprevail. The predominant factor is continued acceptance of diesel(and turbocharged) engines both by the consuming public and EPAemissions standards; other factors include availability of financialand technological resources to expand vehicle offerings and weightreduction programs, as well as additional engine improvements.
4.3.1 Volkswagen
Volkswagen was the second foreign manufacturer to export vehiclesto the United States for sale in 1949 (British Leyland was first in1948). Since 1949 when two Beetles were sold, VW sales climbedsteadily to more than 500,000 per year in 1968 through 1971. As thevalue of the dollar declined against the German Mark so did Volkswagen sales until by 1976 only 200,000 vehicles were sold in the U.S.The decision was made at that time to establish a vehicle assemblyplant in the United States in order to soften the impact of currency
fluctuations. With the start of assembly operations of the technologically advanced front wheel drive Rabbit in the United States,
Volkswagen hopes that it will once again regain its position asthe number one import manufacturer (including the sales of its dom
estically assembled vehicles). Figure 4-6 shows the Volkswagen
Prouuct Schedule.
The VW Beetle, introduced in the United States in 1949, was themost popular import vehicle ever. This popularity, in part, was dueto its inexpensive price and the fact that it experienced only minorchanges between then and 1978 when it was discontinued. The SuperBeetle is slightly larger than the regular Beetle but uses the same1,584 cc 4-cylinder air cooled rear engine equipped with the Bosch-LJetronic electronic fuel injection system. The Super Beetle sedanwas also dropped in 1978 so only the Super Beetle convertible is stillavailable in the U.S.
The VW Rabbit (called Golf in Germany), has front-wheel-drive
with a transversely mounted overhead cam, and uses either water cooledgasoline or a diesel engine. When initially introduced in 1975, theRabbit was offered with a conventional carburetor and a catalytic con-
4-27
verter but in 1976, the engine size was increased from 1,470 cc to
1,588 cc and the catalytic converter was eliminated. At this time
the brakes were modified so that when the brake linings were worn
down to the safety limit a "bump" would be felt in the brake pedal
to alert the driver that the linings needed to be replaced. In
1977, since there were problems with the conventional carburetor,
it was replaced by Bosch-K-Jetronic CIS (conti~uous injection system)
fuel injection; the diesel version was also introduced. In 1978, the
engine was scaled down from 1,588 cc to 1,457 cc but the power was
increased by 7 horsepower. This technical change provided a smoother
running engine and increased fuel economy by 1 mile per gallon. Other
changes included new suspension, larger radiator, and passive seat
belts as standard on the deluxe version. Late in 1978, the U.S. manu
factured Rabbits appeared with rectangular headlights and a new grille.
A l-barrel carburetor instead of fuel injection may be offered on a
limited basis in 1979. The custom version of the Rabbit is the only
model currently produced in the United States but a luxury version may
be added later along with new pick-up and wagon versions. For 1979,
a five-speed manual transmission will be added to the four-speed
manual and automatic currently available.
The diesel Rabbit is only assembled in Germany and not at the
Westmoreland, Pennsylvania plant. It uses a 1,471 cc transversely
mounted engine and achieves an EPA rated fuel economy of 50 miles per
gallon on the highway. The diesel Rabbit is unly available with a
four-speed manual transmission.
The VW Polo, which is not exported to the U.S., is said to have
influenced the style of the Ford Fiesta. The Derby, another version
of the Polo produced in Europe has a new notch-back style and is a
foot longer. A Rabbit notch-back with similar styling may be available
in the future.
The Scirocco is essentially identical to the Rabbit except that it
has a sporty body style. It shares the same wheelbase, engine anddrivetrain as the Rabbit. New in 1975, trim changes for 1978 included
polyurethane coated bumpers, front spoilers, and wraparound turn
signals. In 1977, a special limited edition called the Sidewinder I
4-28
was offered and a Sidewinder II version was introduced in 1978. A
Spider coupe model may also be produced for 1979.
The Dasher (called Passat in Germany), first introduced to the
U.S. in 1974, has a front-wheel drive with a longitudinally mounted
1,470 cc four-cylinder water cooled overhead cam engine. Initially
offered with a standard carburetor, the engine received the new
Bosch-K-Jetronic (CIS) fuel injection system in 1976 when the engine
size was increased to 1,588 cc. Styling changes for 1978 include
new front end sheet metal which gives it a sleeker look, wraparound
polyeurethane covered bumpers in both front and rear, a front end
spoiler, a new dashboard, and a new suspension system. Two and fourdoor sedans, three door hatchback, and five door wagon versions are
available with either an automatic or four speed manual transmission.
There are no plans for a Dasher diesel at this time.
The Audi Fox, introduced in 1973 with a Bosch-K-Jetronic fuel
injector system, is available in two and four door sedans and a five
door wagon, and is essentially a Dasher twin. Changes for 1978 de
minished the similarity as the Fox received new sheet metal, a wrap
around grille, dual head lamps, new tail lights, a plastic fuel tank,
and aluminum cylinder heads. For 1980, the Audi sedans may be pro
duced at the Westmoreland, Pennsylvania plant with the station wagon
following at a later date.
The Audi 100 LS, introduced in 1970, was dropped from the U.S.
market in 1978 with the introduction of the Audi 5000 C. The 100 LS
used a 1,871 cc 4-cylinder engine while the 5000 C uses a 2,144 cc
in-line 5-cylinder, both in front-wheel drive configurations. The
100 model is being used to test different Wankel and diesel engines
which may be introduced later. The 5000 model uses a new
solderless radiator, has light alloy cylinder heads, a Bosch
CIS fuel injection system, and a controlled deformation front end.The front end is designed based on the Timoshenko theory that certain
steel members of the body deform in regular folds to disperse energy
in a shorter length than when body sections are allowed to crumple.
This allows the passenger compartment to maintain an unusually high
level of integrity in a front end collision. A 6-cylinder diesel and
4-29
a turbocharged diesel should be available in 1979 and 1980.
The VW bus/campmobile, also called the Type II and Kffi1BI, uses
an air cooled rear mounted 1,970 cc 4-cylinder engine with the same
Bosch-L-Jetronic fuel injection system as the Beetle. New glass and
sheet metal were added to the bus for 1978. A diesel version is
being considered for an unspecified future date.
An experimental vehicle, called Integrated Research Volkswagen
(IRVW) , was accepted by the U.S. Department of Transportation for
testing in June 1977. It has a combined EPA rating of 60 miles per
gallon using a turbocharged diesel and a five-speed manual trans
mission. Also available on the vehicle are 40 mile per hour frontal
crash protection, a passive restraint system, and extremely low
emissions. Most of the components used on the IRVW will start to
appear in other models before 1980.
4.3.2 Fiat
Of the 1.1 million cars sold in Italy per jear, Fiat has 49 percent
of the market. The Fiat 127, which is not sold in the U.S., holds
17 percent of that share, making it the top selling car in Europe
since 1973.
By 1980, Fiat hopes to install a total electronic engine con
trol system in all its cars. As an interim step, certain models
will feature electronic spark advance in 1979 with the model 128
as the most likely candidate. (Figure 4-7 shows the Product Schedule.)
Introduced in the U.S. in 1969, the Fiat 128 was the firstfront-wheel drive car it produced. In 1971, the sporty 128 SL
three-door hatchback was introduced but underwent a name change to
the 128 3P in 1976. Currently,the 128 is available in the U.S. in
two and four-foor sedans and a three-door hatchback; the 128 waglln
was discontinued in 1978. The 128 is due for a change in 1979
when a 1,500 cc engine and 5-speed manual transmission will be
added. Three-door and five-door hcttchbacks will be offered with
4-30
optional automatic transmission. The Fiat 133 sedan, introduced
in Europe in 1978, is a derivitive of the 128 sedan. The model
128 GLX, a modified version of the 128 coupe, was introduced in Italy
in 1978 and like the 138 sedan, is not currently scheduled forexport to the United States.
The X 1/9 mid-engine sport coupe was introduced to the United
States in 1973. In 1979, a new 1,500 cc engine will replace the
current 1,290 cc 4-cylinder unit. A new 5-speed manual will be
standard for 1979 along with restyled bumpers and interior trim.
In 1979, the Fiat 124 Spider will have a new 2,000 cc engine
replacing the current 1,756 cc version and an optional automatic
transmission.
The Fiat 131 sedan and wagon were new in 1975. A diesel version
was offered in Italy for 1978 but is not expected to be exported to
the U.S. Improvements to the 131 in 1978 included new interior trim,
performance and economy improvements, as well as a styling "face
lift. "
The Fiat 132 is the top of the line model but is not
exported to the U.S.
The front-wheel drive Lancia Gamma was introduced in Italy in
March 1976 as a replacement for the 130, which was dropped in 1975.
Luxury sedan and coupe versions will be introduced in the United
States in 1979 to compete with other cars in the $20,000 price
range.
The Lancia Beta sedan and coupe were introduced ~o the U.S.
in 1976 and, like the Lancia Gamma, are front-wheel driv.~ vehicles.
All Lancia models are expected to have a new 2,500 cc fu··l injected
4-cylinder engine for 1979
4 3.3 British Leyland CBL Ltd.)
British Leyland manufactures five different makes of automobileo:
MG; Triumph; Jaguar; Rover; and Austin; and, in 1948, waF the first
foreign manufacturer to export to the Unitcd States.
4-:n
BL produces a Mini which has been in production in England for
eighteen years but is not sold in the U.S. A new Mini is scheduled
for production at the end of 1979 and may be offered in Europe while
the old Mini is still being produced. (See Figure 4-8 for Production
Schedule.)
The MG MidgEt is a small two-seat sports car converrib1e on
an 80" wheelbase with a 1,493 cc 4-cylinder engine. It bas
remained unchangec since 1974 and no changes are planned for the
near future. The MGB is slightly larger, built on a 91" wheelbase
and uses a 1,798 cc 4-cylinder engine. In 1977, it received a new
instrument panel, sealed cooling system, and front and rear anti
roll bars. The MGB is also available as a convertible.
The Triumph Spitfire, introduced in 1963, has received only
minor modifications since that time. It is built on an 83" wheel
base and is equipped with the same 1,493 cc 4-cylinder engine as
the MG Midget. In 1977, the Spitfire received a new intake manifold
and carburetor, and improvements to the cylinder head, exhaust
manifold, and distributor which resulted in improved fuel economy.
The Triumph TR7, new in 1975, is built on an 85" wheelbase and
uses a 1,998 cc 4-cy1inder engine. In 1978, an automatic trans
mission was introduced as an option. a first for a BL Sports Car.
The TR8 was new in 1978 in England and uses an aluminum V-8 engine
developed in the 1960's for the Oldsmobile F-85. This vehicle is
expected to be introduced to the United States in the near future.
The Jaguar XJ6L has undergone only minor changes since its
introduction in 1969. In 1977, the wheelbase was increased to
112.8" from 109" but the 4,235 cc 6-cylinder engine was retained.
For 1978, a three-way catalytic converter and fuel injection were
introduced. The Jaguar XJ12 was introduced in 1974 2S both sedan
and coupe versions. It received fuel injection on its 5,345 cc
l2-cylinder engine in 1975 and a new automatic transmission in1978. When the wheelbase was increased to 112.8" in 1977, the
coupe was dropped. The XJS was introduced in 1976 as a replacement
for the XKE and use the same 5.343 cc 12-cylinder engine as in the
XJ12. Utilizing the Lucas fuel injection system, and built on a102" wheelbase, this vehicle is the most aerodynamically designedof any produced by British Leyland and is the most expensive,priced at approximately $24,000.
The Rover, Europe's car of the year for 1977, has not beensold in the United States since 1974; it will be reintroduced in,1980 when emission and fuel economy problems can be overcome. Twonew Rover models for 1978, the 2,300 using a 4-speed manual transmission and the 2,600 using a 5-speed manual transmission, eachwith a new 6-cy1inder engine will not be sold in the U.S.
The Austin Marina was built on a 96" wheelbase and used thesame engine as the MGB but was dropped from the U.S. market in 1976.Austin still produces models in England but none are scheduled forexport to North America.
4.3.4 Volvo
Volvo models are numbered using a three digit code to representspecific characteristics of each vehicle. The first digit representsthe body styling; the second, the number of cylinders in the engine;and the third, the number of doors. For example, the 244 is style2, uses a 4-cylinder engine. and has 4-doors. (See Figure 4-9 for
Product Schedule.)
In 1975, Volvo replaced its 140 series (in production since
1967) with the new 240 series. Two and four-door sedans and a
five-door wagon are offered. A new front end, front suspension,and other engineering changes were the direct result of work doneon the Volvo experimental safety car. The 6-cy1inder 164 sedan
was replaced in 1976 by a new 260 series which included both twoand four-door sedans and a five-door wagon equipped with a fuelinjected 2,664 cc aluminum alloy V-6 engine. A new aluminum alloy2,127 cc overhead cam 4-cy1inder engine was also introduced in the4-cylinder 240 series in 1976.
4-33
The Volvo 3-way catalyst Lambda-Sond emission control system
was introduced in the 240 series in 1977 on cars sold in California.
In 1978, this system became optional throughout the United States
and was made standard on all Volvo models in 1979. It uses an
oxygen sensor in the exhaust and feed-back control of the air/fuel
ratio to maintain the optimum oxygen level in the exhaust for
maximum emission control by the 3-way catalyst. In the continuous
injection system (CIS) used by Volvo, fuel is metered based on the
air flow volume. A turbocharger, planned for installation by 1981,
will fit between the air flow meter and intake manifold. This
placement will allow the meter to automatically adjust the fuel
flow based on the volume of air forced into the engine by the
turbocharger.
All 1978 Volvos received a new grille and headlights. At the
same time, 242-GT and 262-C coupes were introduced. These new
coupes were designed primarily for the North American market. By
1979, Volvo intends to have a VW designed diesel engine available
on European cars and perhaps on U.S. models by 1981.
The Volvo 343 mid-sized car introduced in Europe in 1976 is
not expected to be exported to the U S.
4.3.5 I~rcedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz, ~he second largest West German passenger car
producer (behind Volkswagen), is West Germany's most successful
manufacturer of large luxury cars.
Mercedes future research programs concentrate on problems
related to U.S. fuel economy, emission, and safety standards.
Plans include: 1) further development of diesel engines (which
constitute 46 percent of 1977 U.S. sales), turbocharged engines,
catalytic converters, and passive restraint systems; 2) research
into diesel emission controls in alternative power systems; and
3) implementation of weight reduction programs, primarily lightalloy engines and selected body components. Figure 4-10 shows the
Product Schedule.
4-34
Model designations used by Mercedes describe the engine size
and type and body size. The numbers represent the engine displace
ment; e.g., 230 represents approximately a 2,300 cc or 2.3 liter
engine. Letters designate body size and/or engine type; e.g., D for
diesel, E for fuel injection, and S for the series of large cars. All
fuel injected Mercedes models use the Boch-K-Jetronic continuous
fuel injection system.
Mercedes-Benz introduced the Wl14/ll5 Serief. in 1967. Develop
ment on a new W123 Series began in 1970; it was introduced in Europe
in 1976, and replaced the old Wl14/ll5 Series in the U.S. in 1977.
This series consist of the 230, 240D, 280E, 300D, 280CE, and 300CD
models. Mercedes also imports the 116 series of vehicles which
includes the 280 SE and all 450 models except the L,50SL, two door,
two oassenger, soort convertible, which is a 107 series vehicle.
Mercedes usually introduces a new vehicle in Europe one year before
the U.S. introduction. A six-year model development cycle is gen
erally used by Mercedes-Benz with production runs scheduled for
eight years. The designed vehicle life span is twelve years compared
to only ten years for U, S. vehicles.
In 1985, the downsized, lightweight successors to the 123 Series
will be introduced to the U.S. market in both turbo-diesel and
gasoline versions. The gasoline engine construction will be either
all aluminum or thin walled cast iron with an aluminum cylinder head.
Mercedes projects that aerodynamic efficiency will be increased by
5 percent, as will transmission efficiency.
The body/chassis engineering which was used for the larger 116
series models, was used in the design of the W123 Series. The
front sub-frame was eliminated on the 123 Series and the engine
and front suspension are now attached directly to a unitized body/
frame. Center offset steering, sometimes called centerpoint
steering, was added. The instrument panel also received engineering
and styling changes.
In 1981, Mercedes will replace the current 116 Series (280SEand most 450 models) with a smaller 126 Series of cars powered by
4-35
lighter weight six and eight-cylinder gasoline engines and turbo
charged diesel engines. A 3-way catalyst and continuous fuel injec
tion will be fitted on the gasoline engines; increased acceleration
and fuel economy will result from a new 4-speed automatic trans
mission. Body styles will feature a lower and wider grille, rubber
and plastic bumpers with chrome inserts, improved aerodynamics, and
weight savings of approximately 450 pounds.
The model 230 will be fitted with a continuous injection system
and 3-way catalytic converter in 1982 for the European market;
however, the vehicle's popularity is down in the U.S. and it has
been phased out of this market in 1978. The 240D is scheduled toreceive a new turbocharged 4-cylinder diesel engine in 1983. The
280E was equipped with fuel injection for the U.S. market when it
was newly introduced in 1977. The 300CE 5-cylinder diesel coupe
and 280CE fuel injected 6-cylinder coupe are the coupe versions of
the W123 Series sedan but share a slightly smaller wheelbase (106.7
inches for coupes versus 110 inches for sedans).
Between 198~ and 1984, the L,SOSL sport version (2-scat conver
tible) will be replaced by a smaller version which will have alumi
num front and rear deck and the same lighter weight engine used in
the sedans. The 450SLC received a new 5-liter aluminum block engine
to become the 450SLC 5.0 for the European market in 1978. Other
changes included an aluminum hood, trunk. and wheels, which, when
added to the aluminum engine. result in a total weight savings of
220 pounds. The addition of front and rear spoilers currently only
available in Europe, reduced aerodynamic drag by 9 percent. The
280S£ sedan, new in 1975, uses a 2,746 cc 6-cylinder engine with
a continuous ~nJection system. The 300 SD sedan. introduced to
the U.S. in mid-1978, was the first turbocharged diesel production
car to enter the market. Sharing the same body as the 280SE, the
300SD is equipped wi~h a 5-cylinder, fuel injected diesel engine,
a Garrett turbocharger. and automatic transmission. The 450SEL
sedan is equipped with a V-8 fuel injected engine and 3-speed auto
matic transmission Introduced in 1977 to the U. S. and equipped
4-36
- ---_._-----
with a 6.9 liter V-8 fuel injected engine and 3-speed automatic
transmission, the 450SEL 6.9 sedan is essentially the same as the
450SEL except for the engine. In early 1979, Mercedes will intro
duce a 5-cylinder diesel powered station wagon in the U.S. This
300TD wagon will have a new self-leveling rear suspension and other
technological improvements and will undoubtedly be the most
expensive station wagon available.
4.3.6 Saab
Saab produces three basic types of automobiles: two-door
sedans; three-door hatchbacks; and five-door hatchbacks. These
cars are generally available in three trimlines: the GL standard
trim; GLE luxury trim; and EMS heavy duty sport package. The
present styling of all models was introduced in 1969. In 1976, the
only changes to the model line were minor refinements of engineering
or styling details; e.g., rear brake caliper pistons, push button
trip odometer, side lights, and some minor trim changes. In 1977.
a five-door wagonback was added to the three-door model. The entire
model line-up for 1977 included the 99GL in two and four-door sedans,
and three and five-door wagonbacks; the 99GLE in two and four-door
sedans only; and the 99EMS two-door sedan. All Saabs are front-wheel
dr~~e and ~se the same engine. four-speed manual transmission, and
optional t~ree-speed automatic transmission (Sec Figure 4-11 for
Product Schedule.)
In 1970, electronic fuel injectio~ was added; a new 2-liter over
head cam four-cylinder engine was made standard in 1973; and, i~
1975, the Bosch CIS (continuous injection system) mechanical fuel
injection replaced electronic fuel injection. In 1977, the Lambda
Sond exhaust emission system with oxygen sensor and feedback control
of the air/fuel ratio, ~nd a 3-way catalyst was introduced in Cali
fornia and high altitude areas. This system, which meets all
future U.S. emission requirements, was extended to all models sold
throughout the U.S. in 1978.
4-37
Several modifications were made in 1978. The wagonback name wasdropped in favor of hatchback and the style was extended to the GLE
and EMS models as well as the GL. The two-door EMS and four-door
sedan GL models were dropped completely. The complete line for
1978 consists of the 99GL in two-door sedan, three-door hatchback
and five-door hatchback versions; the 99 GLE in three-door hatchback
model available with or without a turbocharger.
The Turbo EMS was first introduced to the U.S. in 1978. Onlyavailable with the 4-speed manual transmission, it is equipped with
the same Lambda-Sond emissions control system and 2-liter four
cylinder engine as all Saab models. The turbocharger provides an
additional twenty horsepower to the engine; and, as a result, the
Saab Turbo EMS is designed to compete with other performance cars.
4-38
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back
APPENDIX A
DOMESTIC AUTO NOTES AND CROSS-REFERENCE LISTS
This appendix contains notes and cross-reference matrices
pertaining to the domestic automobile manufacturers. The notes
(Tables A-l through A-4) are keyed by reference number (as shown
on the Master Product Schedules in Section 2, Figures 2-1 through
2-8) and model year(s). The cross-reference matrices (Figures
A-l through A-4) correlate the appropriate reference number with
the original research sources.
Information provided in this appendix can be used to obtain
additional details beyond those highlighted on the schedules.
Original sources may be identified for further research and loca
tion of diagrams, photographs, etc. Source abbreviations are
located in the List of Abbreviations at the front of this report.
A-l
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE A-I. GENERAL MOTORS
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
1978
1978
1979
1978
1978
1978~
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1978
1978
1978
1978
Oldsmobile to offer 350 CID V-8 Diesel option on Delta 88sand Ninety-Eights.
New A-Bodies 550-972 Ibs. lighter, WE 108.1 in. using bodyand full-frame construction. Station wagons to have twopiece tailgate/window assemblies and 4-door sedans have fixedglass in rear doors.
New FWD Toronado, Eldorado, and Riviera E-bodies, WE 114 in.Riviera to use Turbo 231 CID V-6 engines, Toronado the 260CID V-8, and Eldorado the 350 CID V-8. New THM 325 Automatictransmission will be used.
New Chevrolet 200 CID 90 o V-6 engine with aluminum intakemanifold and Dualjet carbo
New Buick 196 CID 90 oV-6 even-firing engine.
Oldsmobile Diesel V-8 to be available on the Cadillac Seville.
New FWD K-body Seville, WE 114 in.
New FWD X-body to be introduced'in the Spring of 1979, WB103.5 in., curb wt. 2700 Ibs. Chevy and Pontiac to have 2door and 4-door hatchback models, Buick and Olds 2-door and4-door notchback versions.
Chevy 1.6 liter L-4 engine converted to diesel by Pontiac.
New THM 125 auto transaxle for X-bodies in 1980. Manual 4speed version will also be available.
New X-bodies will have MacPherson strut suspensions.
The Vega and Astre to be discontinued as well as the Alumindm140 CID L-4 Chevrolet engine. The Pontiac 151 CID L-4 ironengine will be used in its place on the Monza and Sunbird,which have been expanded to include the old Vega/Astre linesincluding the station wagon.
A temporary space-saving spare tire will be standard on allnew A-bodies.
Chevette to be offered in a 4-door hatchback version, WE97.3 in. vs 94.3 in for the 2-door.
The Buick 231 CID 90o V-6 engine converted to even firing.
fI.- 2
TABLE A-I. GENERAL MOTORS
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
16.
17.
18.
19.
1978
1978
1978
19771978~
1980
Turbocharged 231 eID v-6 with ESC (electronic spark control)available on Regal and LeSabre models.
Three-way catalyst with electronic feedback carburetor onsome California models with Pontiac 2.5t and Buick 3.8tengines.
Camaro gets soft front and rear bumper similar to the Firebird.
New 151 L-4 Pontiac iron block engine.High-performance version of the 151 CID engine.Transverse and light-weight versions of the 151 CID enginewith aluminum intake manifolds for the new X-bodies andother models.
20 1978 Two new carburetors introduced:carb for all "V" engines and thefor all inline engines. Limitedin 1979.
Dua1jet 2 bbl single stageVarajet 2 bbl 2-stage carbuse only in 1978, expanding
21 1979
22 1980
23 1980
24 1979
25 1980
26. 1978
27 1983
28 1981
2ij • 1981
New turbocharged 151 CID L-4.
New 3-speed automatic transmission with lockup torque converter to be steadily phased in through 1985.
New transverse 2.8 liter (171 CIn) 60o V-6 engine built byPontiac for FWD X-bodies.
The in-line six cylinder engine to be dropped.
New Chevy 267 CIn V-8 engine possibly with turbocharging,and dual-displacement version of the 305 CIn V-8.
New Regal to be an A-special body.
New downsized bodies with conventional rear drive; WB 112 in.
New car/van wagon FWD X-body called MPC; WE 104.9in, curbwt. 3000 lbs.
New V-body FWD subcompact replacement for H-body Chevy Monzaand Pontiac Sunbird. Olds Starfire and Buick Skyhawks becomesportier X-special models on a smaller compact X-body.
A-3
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE A-I. GENERAL MOTORS
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT ~r.BEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cant.)
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
197919811983
198119831984
1985
1980
1980
1981
1983
1987
1978
1978
1978
1979-80
Chevette gets mild facelift.Skin change for Chevette with major wt. reduction.New Chevette FWD T-body; WB 90 in.
5.0 liter V-8 largest engine.5.0 liter V-8 dropped except in Y-body.3.8 liter V-6 largest engine, 5.0 liter V-8 dropped inY-body.Diesel usage of 25% expected as a result of a 5% increaseper year in the early 1980s.
New Chevrolet aluminum block 165 CID 60 oV-6 for FWD andmodels.
All California gasoline engines to have Phase II 3-waycatalyst.All non-diesel cars will have closed-loop fuel controlsystems, electronic engine controls, and 3-way catalystsystems.
Cadillac, Buick and Olds C-bodies to be switched to FWD,and downsized to a WB of 118 in.B-bodies to be switched to FWD.
Corvette to get B complete face-lift both fore and aft,switching to a fastback design.
Chevrolet A-bodies get plastic front header panels (resulting in wt. saving of 7-12 lbs.) with a polyurethane primerto cover up imperfections which permits finishes comparableto those on sheet metal parts. The Monte Carlo gets softplastic front and rear bumpers with aluminum reinforcementbars. Chevy, Olds, and Buick A-bodies get plastic innerfender liners saving over 10 lbs.
Pontiac revives the Grand Am nameplate on a sporty versionof the LeMans.
Corvette weight to be cut 400 lbs. by using a new fiberglasstechnique called in-mold coating, new plastic seats, lightergauge steel, alum. or plastic wheels, one-piece plastichood, composite doors, and completely redesigned bumpersystem. Engine in 1980 will be the 305 CID V-8.
A-4
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TARLE A-I. GENERAL MOTORS
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
39.
40
41.
42.
43.
44.
45
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
1978
1980
1978~
19791981
1978
1978
19791980
1980
1978
1982
1980
1981
1981
1983
1981
1981
1979
Chevelle name dropped in favor of Malibu, Ventura droppedfor Phoenix.
Major sheet metal changes for Band C bodies to reduceweight by 200 lbs. through the use of light-weight materials.
Passive seat belts optional on Chevettes in late spring.Passive belts available on several more models.Air Bags optional on full size cars.
Aluminum intake manifold saves 31 lbs. on Seville 350 CIDV-8. Aluminum hood on most C-body Cadillacs saves 45 lbs.
Aluminum intake manifold on Chevy 305 and 350 CID V-8s; wt.savings 35 lbs.
New Olds 260 CID V-8 diesel engine available on the Cutlass.Buick 231 V-6 diesel.
New 165 CID (2.7L) 60 o V-6 ~ransverse and conventional Chevyiron block engines with aluminum intake manifold.
Cadillac Seville offers optional Tripmaster electronic dashboard giving many functions in digital format.
New F-body Camaro/Firebird models with conventional drive.
New Pontiac 2.2 liter (135 CID) L-4 engine.
New Hodel 200/4R 4-speed automatic transmission with overdrive and lock-up torque converter.
New turbocharged version of the Olds 260 CID v-8.
New 4-speed 0.0. automatic transaxle for FWD C-body models.
New Chevy 1.8 liter L-4 engine with iron block and head.Diesel version also being tested.
New EFT system using 2 injectors in the throttle body, eachservicing half the cylinders (single point injections).
Chevy l.t liter L-4 engine gets aluminum intake manifold.
A-5
TA8LE A-l. GENERAL MOTORS
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Ref. ModelNo . Year
55.
56.
1984
1982
Corvette gets all new Y-body using the 151 CrD L-4 turbo~·
charged engine. Curb wt. 2500 lbs.
Chevy 350 crD diesel V-8 new from the ground up.
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H19
2121
22
23
2412
521
272
82
93(
3132
133
3H
33
8P
9le
141
1424
44
'6
4141
95(
~1
5254
555
07
58~96(
1/1
6/7
8AM
IX
lCX
pp
1~24
1/2
0/7
8wt
~X
XX
pp1
,4,5
1/1
3/7
8AM
IX
P17
1/2
3/7
8W
AIX
P25
11
30
/78
AM!
XX
P5
2/7
8P
SX
P46
2/7
8W
AWX
XX
pp
90
-92
2/7
8R~T
Xp
p8
8-9
0
2/1
/78
AI
XX
pp
19
-20
2/6
/78
ANX
~X
XX
XX
XX
Xp
p1~33
2/6
/78
ANX
P39
2/6
/78
WAR
XX
P43
2/1
3/7
8AM
!X
XP
16
PIGU
REA
-I.
GENE
RAL
MOTO
RSAU
TOM
OBIL
EPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
{Con
t.)
> I ...... "
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
.78
90
11
21
14
15
61
18
19
221
22
23
i4b
52
t2
72
82
9JC
313
2b
3~Id'
3t
33
8)
9~(1+1~2
4f4
44
56
44~f49
5C1
525
545
55
575
85
90
2/1
3/7
8AN
XX
Xpp
1&46
2/2
0/7
8AN
XP
3
2/2
7/7
8W
ARX
XP
67
2/2
7/7
8AM
HX
P2
2/2
7/7
8AN
XX
P1
2/2
7/7
8AN
XX
pp26
&27
2/2
7/7
8W
ARX
XX
XP
68
3/7
8H
TX
XP
12
3/7
8PS
XX
XX
P46
3/7
8W
AWX
XX
Xpp
31&
32
3/7
8PH
XX
XX
XP
87
3/9
/78
WEU
XP
1&3
X
FIGU
REA
-I.
GENE
RAL
MOTO
RSAU
TOM
OBIL
EPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
(Con
t.)
:J> I i-'
(Xl
SOU
RC
ES1
2J
45
67
89
01
12
114
15
61
18
19
2C21
22
23
245
26
27
28
29
3C3
13
23~4
31
36
33
8J9~C
41
24
3~4
4S6
47
41
f<9
5C152~3
5455
65
758
~9
60
3/6
/78
ANX
Xp
J
3/1
3/7
7AN
XP
63
3/1
J/7
8A
H1
lX
XX
XX
P20
3/1
5/7
8D
FPX
P8D
3/1
7/7
8W
EUX
P1
3/2
0/7
8AN
Xp
p2&
106
3/2
C/7
8W
ARX
P91
3/3
1/7
8W
EUX
P5
3/3
1/7
8W
EUX
Xpp
1&4
4/7
8R&
TX
XP
124
4/7
8W
AWX
XP
75
4/7
8PS
XX
P18
4/3
/78
ANX
P47
FIGU
REA
-I.
GENE
RAL
MOTO
RSAU
TOM
OBIL
EPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
(Con
t.)
:J> I i-'
1.0
SOU
RCES
12
34
S6,
78
90
112
11
41
S6
11
81
92(
2122
232
42
5H
27
28
29
30II32~3
14
1\H
33
83
9,c
4114
243
1444
\6
147
4B14
95C~1
523
5455
65
78
5-9
()
4/1
0/7
8AN
XP
1
4/1
0/7
8AN
XP
43
4/2
/t/7
8m
XX
XX
XP
21
4/2
4/7
8AN
XP
53
4/2
4/7
8W
AIl
X~
pp
12
9-1
30
4/2
4/7
8""
"X
P19
4/2
4/7
8""
"X
pp1&
24
4/2
8/7
8W
EUX
XX
lIP1&
8
4/1
7/7
8AH
IIX
XX
Xpp
1&35
FIGU
REA
-I.
GENE
RAL
MOTO
RSAU
TOM
OBIL
EPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
(Con
clud
ed)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE A-2. FORD
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9
1978
1979
1980
1978-79
1978
1978
1978
1981
1979
Mark V "Carriage Roof" option -- solid white vinylwith a canvas weave over steel. Miles-to-emptyoption using 2 digital microprocessor. All Lincolnsget windshield-washer fluid level indicator.
Standard sized Ford and Mercury models to be downsized. Curb weight 3600 lbs., WE 114.4 in., length208 in. Approximately 700-800 lbs. lighter and 14 in.shorter.
lincoln and Continental Luxury-full sized models tobe downsiz~d and share underbodies with standards.Mark V WB 114.4 in., Continental WB 117.4 in. Curbweight 4000 lbs.
Little change for intermediates.
Versailles will have all Aluminum h00d.
New Ford F-body Fairmont/Zephyr using 140 CID L-4,200 CID L-6, and 302 CID V-8 engines.Models include 2-dr, 4-dr, & station wagons (LTD IIand Cougar wagons dropped). Approximately 300 lbs.lighter and 4 inches shorter than Maverick/Cometwhich they replace. WB 105.5 in. New gauge package and power options available with the Zephyr Z-7and Farimont Futura personal specialty cars beingintroduced mid-year (2-door coupes).
Fairmont/Zephyr have unibody construction, revisedMacPherson strut front suspension with the coilsprings between the lower A-arms and the numbp.r twocrossmember, and a new 7~ in differential with lessoffset allowing lower ratios. Variable ratio rackand-pinion power steering available (also Pinto/Bobcat and Mustang II), with a pressure bypass circuit that decreases the driving power required whenpower assist is not called for.
Current compacts become intermediates after 1980.
Mustang all new 4-seater in notchback and hatchback,new Capri domestic derivative of Mustang in notchback only. Built on shortened Fairmont frame with
A-20
TABLE A-2. FORD
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
soft front and rear ends, resulting in 200 Ibs. lessweight. Upsized from the current 96.2 in. WB to100.4 in. Turbocharged 4-cylinder engine availablefor Mustang, Capri and Pinto.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1978
1978
1979
1979
California Pintos and Bobcats with auto transmissionand 2.3 liter engine have 3-way catalysts and feedback carburetors using analog electronics. Carbssupplied by Holley. Versailles' 302 CID V-8 hasEEC-l electronic engine control of spark timing andEGR flow rate as veIl as a Variable Venturi (VV)carburetor. ThE VV carb is also on all California302 CID V-8 engines.
PROCO (Programmed Combustion) Stratified Chargedirect injection engine starts tests on 302/351 CIDV-8 engines.
Model 2700 Variable Ve~turi carburetor tc be availablein all states (Mass produced for V-8 engines). Model2150 (ECC) electronically controlled feedback carburetor available nation-wide on selected engines.
Chrome plated aluminum bumpers on selected models.
14. 1979 New light weight rear axles with new ratios:8~ in. for new downsized standard cars, 6-3/4the Mustang and Capri.
7'2 andin. for
15.
16.
17.
198]
1981
1982
Ford I s "Erika" Eur. / Arner. F\o.TD replacement for thePinto and Escort will be a notchback rather than ahatchback design; WB 94.0 in.
Exhaust sensors and 3-way catalyst, on all vehicles.EEC III (electronic engine control of EGR, sparktiming, and air/fuel ratio) using electrcnic fuelmetering rather than a carb on selected vehicles.Electronics designed by Motorola. Robert Bosch Corp.will supply the fuel injector components.
New V-6 Production: a 3.8 (232 CID) and a 3.2 liter(195 CID) to be ready. The 3.8 liter engine will bea 900 V with alum. cylinder heads.
A-21
TABLE A-2. FORD
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
18.
19.
20.
1982
1980
1985
1978
PROCO stratified charge, direct injection engine tobe ready cn the 302 CID V-8 first in limited production.
New 255 V-8 engine pulled off the 302 C1D V-8 block.Biggest engine will be the 351 CID V-8.Largest engine will be the 302 C1D V-8.
Aluminum intake manifold u~ed on some 302 CID v-8engines.
21. 1978 t'ey; FWD Fiesta with amodified for th~ U.S.ments, 4-speed manualfront suspension, andfront ~heel bearings.
1.6 liter OHV 1-4 Kent enginemarket and emissions requiretransaxle, MacPherson strutlifetime sealed Timken preset
WB 90.0 in.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27
28
1978
1978
1978
1978
1979
1979
New improved more efficient reduced slip torque converters for all automatic transmissions.
All Ford and L-M models are cerryovers except for allFarimont/Zephyr and Fiesta and new grille, headlightsanc tcil lights on the Granada/Monarch (first minorstyle change since 1975 intro.)
Warranty coverage broadened to include service adju~t
ments for 12 months or 12,000 miles.
Several Ford and L-M models (especially the newmodels) get improved aerodynamics, i.e. frontspoilers.
Pinto/Bobcat get digital AM clock radio option, firstof many for all Ford models.
EEe II on selected models - electronic control ofEGR, spark timing, and air/fuel ratio control withfeedback carb and 3-way catalyst and exhaust sensor.Electronic voltage regulator to be standard on allFord cars. (Intrcduced in 1978 on selected models).
Composite Graphite Test Car -- intermediate size butonly 2500 lbs. w/graphite wheels, bumpers, hood, decklid, seat frames, front end assembly and doors.
A-22
TABLE A-2. FORD
AUTOl-fOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
3'4.
35.
36.
1980
1981
1985
1985--
1978
1978
1978
1978
1980
New intermediate car introductions. LTD II name tobe dropped (in favor of Granada). Cougar (insteadof Monarch) and T'Bird models will use underbodiessimilar to Fairmont/Zephyr but will be a little larger. WB 108.0 in. Granada/Monarch compacts dropped.
Two transverse 1.6 and 1.3 liter 4-cylinder enginesfor Erika. Hemispherical combustion chambers willbe used. Tbey ~'ill have alum. intake manifolds andpossibly alum. heads. A new U.S.-built auto transaxle will be introduced for these engines. The manual transaxJe will be imported form Toyo Kogyo ofJapan.
Average Ford car to weigh 3000 lbs. vs. 4000 lbs. in1978 and 4200 lbs. in 1977.
Two-seat commuter cars to be on the market with Jessthan 1000cc engines and 65-70 mpg.
Plastic fuel tanks on Mustang II 8-cylinder models the only car with them.
"Unique Cooling" approach makes aluminum heads costeffective. Testing 302 CID V-8.
New Optional road-abrasion package -- a spray-onstrip of polJ~inyl chloride along the lower edge ofthe car between tte prime coat and finish coat tored~ce paint chipping from road gravel (all cars).
Plans cancelled for dual displacement 300 crD L-6engine.Dual displacement or vari-cube V-8 engine still intesting for the 1980's with the 302 CID V-8 versionto be installed in selected mid-sized models in1980. Emissions appear to be causing prcblems.
37. 1978 Aluminum rear cover plates for L-6 engines. Weightsavings of 1-2 Ibs. realized.
1979 Aluminum rear cover plates for 140 CID L-4 and 302CID V-8 engines.
A-23
TABLE A-2. FORD
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43
44
45
Mid '80s FWD van prototype off the: new Erika which has 2 doorsand is a multipurpose vehicle.
1981 Super Pinto high performance version of the Erikawill be e sporty 2-door hatchback with a turbccharged1.6 liter OHC 4-cylinder engine with an aluminumcylinder head and CVCC stratified charge combustionchambers.
1985 Second round of downsizing will begin two years behind GM.
1978 New ignition system in testng which eliminates distributor and reduces RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) .
1980 Ford testing plans include introduction of a passivebelt system in some models.
1981 An air bag option will be available for its largecars and passive belts in serne small cars.
1978~ A commercial mini-van, the Pinto Pan~l Delivery Van~
l"ill be introduced for businesses that do not needlarger trucks.Also being introduced is a Thunderbird T-Roof optio~
with tinted glass roof panels.
1981 FWD 2-seater sports car may be introduced, derivedfrom the all new Pinto.
1980s Ford considering an all aluminum version of its 2.3liter 4-cylinder engine.
46 1979 Bobcat and Pinto get new head lamps and grille.Bobcat name to be dropped.
A-24
» I N U1
SO
UR
CE
S1
23
45
67
89
01
1211
1415
~6
11
1819
2C21
2223
242
526
2728
2930
31
323
334
31; 3
63
138
P9
,.0W
EU12
/24/
76.
P1
xW
EU2
/4/7
7P
4x
WAR
2/1
4/7
P53
xW
EU'1
./18
/7p
1x
AMM
2/2
8/7
P1
xM
T3/
77P
13x
AMM
3/1
4/7
p1
xx
WEU
3/1
8/7
1P
1x
xAM
M3
/28
/7,
p1
xAN
4/4
/77
P2
xx
xW
AR4
/4/7
7P
109
xAM
M4
/11
/71
P24
xAM
M4
/11
/77
p38
X}I
WEU
4/1
5/7
7p
5x
~U
4/1
5/7
7p
1x
~AR
4/2
5/7
7P
130
x~T
5/77
Ip
16x
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCE
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)
)::> I N O'l
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
90
11
12I'
14
15
61
11
81
92C
2122
2324
25
26
27
28
29
3C3
13
2~3~43~
36
37
38~9~C
AMM
5/1
6/7
7p
15
xAM
M5/23~77
P6
xAM
M5
/23
/77
P2
0x
AMM
5/2
3/7
7P
24x
WEU
5/2
7/7
7P
1x
WEU
5/2
7/7
7p
5x
xAN
5/3
0/7
7P
2x
xW
AR5
/30
/77
P1
71
xx
xAM
M6
/6/7
7p
20
xAM
M6
/6/7
7P
22x
AN6
/6/7
7P
34
xW
EU6
/10
/77
P3
xW
EU6
/10
/77
Ip
p1
Ii.5
xx
WAR
6/1
3/7
7P
18
8x
AN6
/27
/77
P3
8x
MT
7/7
7p
19
xx
ANJ/4
/77
p5
x
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
OULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.)
:J> I N .......
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
90
112
114
15
b.61
,1
819
2C21
2223
2425
2627
2829
303
132
133
134
353
63
/3
813
9~O
IwAR
7/4
/77
p21
2x
WEU
7/8/
77.
pp
1&
8x
x~MM
7/1
1/7
7P
18x
iAMM
7/2
5/7
7p
5x
~N
7/2
5/7
7..
P8
x~T
8/7
7P
13x
~T
8/7
7P
16x
WEU
8/5
/77
p6
xW
AR8
/8/7
7P
252
xW
AR8
/15
/77
P25
9x
IAN
8/1
5/7
7P
4x
OFP
8/3
0/7
7P
12A
xIM
T9/
77p
p28
-43
xx
xx
PS9/
77p
p80
-83
xx
xx
xW
EU9
/2/7
7p
p2
&3
xAN
9/5
/77
pp
14,1
8,&
31x
xx
xx
xX
/
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.)
» I N co
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
11
121
1415
1617
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
293
03
132
33
343
"3
637
38~9~O
WAR
9/5
/77
.P
284
xW
AR9
/5/7
7.
Ip2
85x
DFP
9/1
5/7
7p
lle
xW
EU9
/16
/77
p2
xx
iAMM
9/1
9/7
7..
pp1&
14x
xIR
&T10
/77
P14
2x
xx
~T
10/7
7pp
80-8
1x
AE10
/77
pp36
-41
xx
xx
AI
10
/1/7
7pp
28-3
6x
xx
xx
AI
10
/1/7
7pp
51-5
3x
xx
xAN
10
/3/7
7P
1x
AMM
10
/10
/7p
5x
xAN
10
/17
/7,
pp1&
66x
AN1
0/2
4/7
I
pp1&
58x
xx
!wAR
10
/24
/7,
P33
8x
lWEu
10
/28
/7,
p1
&5
x.
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.)
)::> I N <.D
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
11
121
141
516
111
819
2C21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3031
3213
3~43~
3637
3813
94C
WEU
10
/28
/7.
p8
xM
T1
1/7
7P
21x
WAW
11
/77
pp33
-35
xx
AN
11
/7/7
7p
44x
AMM
11
/7/7
7..
pp2&
20x
AMM
11
/7/7
7p
18x
AMM
11
/14
/7pp
1&22
xA
N1
1/2
1/7
P3
Pt~N
11
/21
/7P
32x
WEU
11
/25
/7P
1&
8x
AMM
12/1
'2/7
p17
xAM
M1
2/1
q/7
p20
xx
xW
EU1
2/2
5/7
p1
xW
EU1
2/2
3/7
pp1
(,5
xx
xx
AMM
12
/26
/7pp
1&32
xAM
M1
2/2
6/7
p15
xM
T1
/78
P12
xx
xx
xx
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCT
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.)
If
):> I W C)
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
90
1'
121
14
15
1161
71
819
2C21
2223
2425
2E27
2829
)(J
31
323
334
3<; 3
637
383
9~O
WAW
1/7
8.
p10
xx
xx
AE1
/78
pp32
-37
xW
AR1
/2/7
8P
5x
AN1
/2/7
8P
7x
xx
xx
WEU
1/6
/78
pp1
&8
xW
EU1
/6/7
8p
5x
iAMM
1/9
/78
pp1&
19x
~N
1/9
/78
P13
xIW
SJ1
/10
/78
P15
xID
FP1
/10
/78
P6B
x~N
1/1
6/7
8P
38x
~N
1/1
6/7
8pp
1&38
x~U
1/2
0/7
8pp
1&8
xW
EU1
/20
/78
p5
x~SJ
1/2
7/7
8p
4x
WAR
1/3
0/7
8P
35x
xx
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.
)
):> I W ......
s.oU
RC
ES
12
34
56
78
9Ito
112
I'
14
15
61
11
819
2C21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C31
3213
3~4
3536
3/
383
9~C
MT
2/7
8P
11x
MT
2/7
8P
12x
WEU
2/3
/78
P8
xW
EU2
/3/7
8P
7x
AN2
/13
/78
..p
p1&
46x
xAM
M2
/13
/78
P4
x~I
2/1
5/7
8P
4x
lWEu
2/1
7/7
8p
p1
&8
xx
lWEu
2/1
7/7
8p
3x
~N
2/2
0/7
8P
1x
IAN
2/2
0/7
8P
124
x~N
2/2
0/7
8P
102
xx
V\MM
2/20
/7H
pp
1&2
')x
x~SJ
2/2
1/7
8p
15x
~AR
2/2
7/7
8P
67~
IPs
3/7
8p
46x
xx
x
~&T
3/7
8
IP
31x
IFI
GU
RF
1\-2
.FO
RD
jlII
Tm
10B
ILE
PRO
DUCT
SCHE
DULE
CRO
SS-R
EFER
ENCE
LIS
T(5
/78
)(C
ont.
)
);> I W N
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
91
01
112
11
41
56
1/
18
192C
2122
2324
25
2627
282
930
313
23
33
43~
36
3/
38
39~O
IWAW
3/7
8.
p31
&32
xx
xx
xx
IPM3
/78
P12
x~E
3/7
8pp
69
-72
~U
3/3
/78
pp
1&8
xW
AR3
/6/7
8..
p74
xW
AR3
/6/7
8p
p75
&76
xx
xI\N
3/6
/78
pp1
&4
X'x
xx
xI\N
3/6
/78
pp1
&6
xx
xDF
P3
/14
/78
p7B
WEU
3/1
7/7
8p
1&3
xW
AR3
/20
/78
P91
xi\N
3/2
0/7
8pp
1&
2x
i\N3
/20
/78
pp
8&78
i\MM
3/2
07
8P
8x
~N
3/2
7/7
8p
1x
~EU
'3/H
/78
pp1
&5
x
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.)
x
x
x x
)::> I W W
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9110
1]
121
1415
~6
1718
192C
2122
2324
252E
2728
293C
31
32~3~4
3<36
3738
139,.0
WA'W
4/7
8P
9x
WAW
4/7
8P
76AN
4/1
0/7
8P
43A
N4
/10
/78
p1
xAN
4/1
7/7
8P
6x
xx
xAN
4/1
7/7
8P
55x
xAN
4/2
4/7
8P
2
FIGU
REA
-2.
FORD
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(S/7
8)(C
oncl
uded
)
x
Ref. ModelNo. Year
1. 1978
2. 1979
3. 1978
TABLE A-3. CHRYSLER
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
Electronic Lean Burn on all V-B engines.
New R-body cars to have fabricated aluminum wreelsand chrome-plated aluminum bumpers.
Gran Fury, Royal Monaco, and Newport Town & CountryWagon and Sedan discontinued; Fury and Monaco interimstandardf until 1979.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1979
1979
1979
1978
1978
Jew R-body standard size cars, Dodge (4-dr. St. Regis)and Chrysler (~& 4-dr. Newport & New Yorker) only-no Plymouth. WB-IlB.5 in.
Fury and Monaco B-bodies discGntinued.
318 CID V-8 with electronic spark control system andfuel metering standard for new R-bodies.
New Magnum XE 2-dr. coupe, sporty version of ChargerSE (unchanged). Cordoba gets new front and rear ends.Chcrger SE to be scrubbed in 1979.
Lock-up torque converter standard on auto~atic transmissions A-904 and A-727 with all engines except the440 CID V-8.
9. 1980
10. 19771978
11. 19&C
12. 1978
13. 1978
Cordoba/Magnum will be redesginec and built on the112.7 in. WB as a variation of the M-body.
New Diplomat/LeBaron fpring introduction in 2- and 4dr. models. Station wagon versions added.
New 225 CID 1-6 pre-chamber diesel derived from theslant six.
Introduction of Mitsubishi diesel in light trucksonly. Engine is 6-cylinder, 243 CrD, 103 hp.
New Omni/Hori?on FWD L-body with 1.7 liter VW L-4engine with aluminum head, 4-speed VW manual transaxle, and 3-speed Chrysler auto transaxle. Curb wt.2 , 137 1 b s " ioiB 99. 2 in.
A-34
TABLE A-3. CHRYSLER
AU TO:-l0B ILE PRODl1CT SCHEDULE t\OTIS (5/7 8) (Con t. )
Ref. ModelNo. Year
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
1978
1978
1980~
1983
1979
1982
1980
1980
1978
1981
1978
New Onlni /Horizon tc be a 5-door hatchback wi th onepiece bcdy sides, optional air conditioning using aswashplate drive compressor, and aluminum bumpers -a first for Chrysler.
New Sapporo/Challenger subcompact luxury sports carsfrom Mitsubishi: WB 99.0 in.; curb wt. 2,400 lbs.;4- and 5-speed manual and 3-speed automatic transmission; 1.6, 2.0, 2.6 liter 4-cylinder engines withMCA-Jet stratified charge system.
New 2.2 liter 4-cylinder engine with EF~, MCA-Jetsystem, and electronic spark control. Aluminum headsare being considered.
New advanced technology one-chamber diesel 225 CID6-cylinder engine.
The 400 & 440 CIn V-8 engines to be dropped. The 360CID V-8 will be largest engine.
Diesel version of the 2.2 liter 4-cylinder engineplanned.
Turbocharged 1.7 liter enginE for the sporty 2-doorversions of the Omni/Horizon.
Diplomat/LeBaron 2-door coupes will be reskinned andbuilt on the 108.7 in. WB of the Volare/Asper. F-body.The 4-door models will get a facelift and remain ona 112.7 in. WB.
Introduction of an advanced solid-state search-tuneradio controlled by a digital microprocessor.
Smaller versions of thE Volare/Aspen will be introduced as K-bodies with F~TI; 100 in. WB, 212 literengine, 2- and 4-door and wagon. Weight reduced600-700 lbs.
Turbo 225 CIn L-6 ~n development.
A-35
TABLE A-3. CHRYSLER
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
1978
1978
1981
1979
1978
1979
1978
1978
1978
1979
1980~
1981
1979
Swashplate drives 5-cylinder air conditioner compressor for all 6-cylinder engines: 10.2 lbs. lessweight and requires less space.
Vol are/Aspen and New Yorker new grille and taillights.
evee stratified charge version of the 2.2 liter 1-4engine.
Omni/Horizon will be offered in a 2-door hatchbackversion called the Solo and Mirada with specialstyling; WB 96.7 in.
All cars from Mitsubishi have MCA-JET enginesstandard.
Introduction of new chrome-plated aluminum bumperson the R-bodies-- a first for U.S. industry.
Omni/Horizon 1.7 liter engine is equipped ~ith electronic lean burn end a "Hall-effect" distributor.
New 4-speed OD manual transaxle to mate with the new2.2 liter FWD 4-cylinder engine as well as the 1.7liter engine.
~~w light weight 1-6 engine with more aluminum partsincluding a two-piece, electronic-bearn-welded intakemanifold.
New lock-up torque converter for auto transaxle onOmni/Horizon.
Ne~' "prestige" smell luxury car Y-body. possiblename: Imperial. Curb weight 3,500 lbs., WE l12.7in.
Nev' aluminum heads for the 225 CID L-6 engine.
Introduction of induction manifold fuel injection.and 3-way catalyst on Calif. lV, 6-cylinder engines.Lean burn system dropped in favor of an electronicspark control system. Air/fuel ratio of 16:1 vs.18:1 initially on all 4- and 8-cylinder engines.
A-36
TABLE A-3. CHRYSLER
AUTOMOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (.~on t . )
Ref. ModelNo. Yeer
38.
39.
40.
1983
1981
19821983
1984
1979
New 4-cylinder engine smaller than 2.0 liters toreplace the 1.7 liter VW engine.
New sheet metal on L-bodies. Wheelbase reduced to94 in. Electronic feedback carbs, fuel metering,and fuel injection systems with 3-way catalyst indevelopment for the 19805.A new luxury K-body may be introduced.New H-body downsized to replace the R-body; WB110 in., Curb weight 3,500 lbs.New J-body to replace the M and Y bodies; WB 106.7in.
New Mitsubishi mini named the Mirage with FWD and1.6 liter enginE.
A-37
)::> I W C)
SO
UR
CE
S1
23
45
67
89~O
112
11
41
5~6
171
819
2C21
2223
2425
H27
2829
303
132
3334
353
637
38f3
940
lWEu
11/2
6/7E
.p
Rx
~N
12/2
7/1E
P21
xIW
ElJ2
/4/7
7P
3x
x~N
2/2
1/7
,pp
1&34
xiAM
M2
/28
/71
P6
xx
~N
2/2
8/7
7p
64x
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3/7
7p
p21
&22
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3/7
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3/2
8/7
7P
101
xx
xx
HAW
4/7
7p
10x
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4/4
/77
P1
x;.t
AR4
/4/7
7P
109
x~
4/1
1/7
7p
15x
I\N5
/2/7
7p
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root
5/2
/77
pp
1&29
x~U
5/1
3/7
7p
p1
&5
x
/
FIGU
REA
-3.
CHRY
SLER
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)
)::0 I W <.0
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
910
11
12
11
41
56
1/
18
19
2(
2122
2324
25
26
27
28
29
3C3
13
23
33
43
'i3
63
73
83
9~O
AMM
5/2
j/7
7.
P14
xW
EU5
/27
/77
p1
xx
xx
WEU
5/2
7/7
7p
3x
MT
6/7
7P
22x
WEU
6/1
0/7
7p
1x
AMM
6/1
3/7
7pp
1&28
x.
xx
AMM
6/1
3/7
7P
26
xAN
6/1
3/7
7pp
1&98
xW
AR6
/13
/77
P1
88
xW
EU6
/24
/77
p6
xM
T7
/77
P20
xAN
7/4
/77
P27
xW
EU7
/8/7
7pp
1&6
xx
xAN
7/1
8/7
7P
42x
AN7
/18
/77
P2
xx
xx
WAR
7/1
8/7
7p
22
8x
WEU
7/2
2/7
7pp
1&8
xx
FIG
UR
EA
-3.
CHRY
SLER
AUTO
MO
BILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CRO
SS-R
EFER
ENCE
LIS
T(5
/78
)(C
on
t.)
SOUR
CES
11
21
3I
4I5
I61
7181
9~
all*211~1411
*6
11
7f18
1191
2q21
1221
2312
412
512~2
7128
12913~3113
213
31341
3~3
613~3
813
9\4
C
AN7
/25
/77
.P
8M
T8
/77
P16
AMM
8/1
5/7
7pp
1&17
WEl
l8
/19
/77
pp
1&2
AN8
/29
/77
P1
PS
9/7
7p
76W
EU9
/2/7
7p
p1&
8
:t:>IDFP
9/8
/77
~p
lIB
Ixo
AN9
/12
/77
pp10
&2J
xW
AR9
/12
/77
P29
3Ix
AN9
/12
/77
pp
2&50
AN9
/19
/77
P52
N9
/26
/77
pp
1&3
U9
/30
/77
p2
T1
0/7
7pp
82
-81
0/7
7p
p35
-371
I I
Xix
Ix
x x
x XiX
xIxI'.
Xl IX
x x x
Ix
x
Xix
XIX
X
x x x X x x
x x x
x
x
x
x
x X
x
X
X X x
FIGU
REA
-3.
CHRY
SLER
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.
)
:t:
I .j:> .....
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1]
121
14
15
[61
/1
819
2C21
2223
242
526
27
282
93
03
13
2~3~43~
36
37
38~9~C
MT
10
/77
pp3
5-4
(x
xx
xx
PS1
0/7
7pp
96
-9x
xx
xx
AI
10
/1/7
7pp
36
-39
xx
xx
~I
10
/1/7
7I1
p5
3-5
4x
xx
xx
R&T
11
/77
pp
40
-42
xIW
AW1
1/7
7pp
31
-35
xx
~E
11
/77
pp2
8-l
Jx
~U
11
/11
/71
pp4
&~
x~&T
12
/77
pp1
10
-11
2x
xx
xx
xf\
I1
2/1
/77
pp1
3-1
5x
x~U
12
/9/7
7pp
6&
7x
xx
xx
~AR
12
/12
/77
~p
39
7x
xx
xN
12
/12
/77
p6
xx
xA
R1
2/1
9/7
7P
40
4x
xx
x
~U
12
/23
/77
pp2
&3
xx
xx
xA
R1
2/2
6/7
7i
p4
13
x, I
FIGU
REA
-3.
CHRY
SLER
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
S)'(C
ont.)
):> I -Po
N
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9P.o
112
11
41
5p'6
11
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
3132
~3~43~
36
373
8~9
4CWA
W1
/78
pp37
-40
xx
xx
xx
xWA
W1
/78
.P
9x
MT
1/7
8pp
29-3
4x
xx
xPS
1'/7
8p
37IX
XR&
T1
/78
pp48
-52
,xX
XAM
M1
/2/7
8p
11Ix
pcX
XX
WEU
1/6
/78
p5
XAN
1/1
6/7
8pp
1&38
XX
AMM
1/2
3/7
8P
2X
XAM
M1
/23
/78
P15
Xx
xAN
2/1
3/7
8P
46Ix
WEU
2/1
7/7
8P
8Ix
XW
AR2
/20
/78
X
P59
IxAN
2/2
0/7
8pp
2&17
Xx
Xx
XPc
XX
XX
xIt
AMM
2/2
7/7
8X
xx
x
p14
xx
PS3
/78
P46
x
FIGU
REA
-3.
CHRY
SLER
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.)
~ I ~ W
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
l'
12I'
14
15~6
1j1
819
2(21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3(31
32133
~~3
C36
3138
139~(
AN
3/6
/78
,p
p1&
6x
xx
AMM
3/2
0/7
8p
8x
AN
4/2
4/7
8p
53x
AN
4/1
0/7
8p
43~
WEU
4/1
4/7
8p
2x
WEU
4/1
4/7
8p
3x
xx
xW
EU4
/28
/78
pp
1&
5x
FIGU
REA
-3.
CHRY
SLER
AUTO
MOB
ILE
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
oncl
uded
)
TABLE A-4. AMERICAN MOTORS
AL70MOBILE PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1978
1978
1978
1977
1979
1984
1978
1979
1978
1978
1978
1979
1981
New Concord luxury compact to replace the Hornet. Availablein 2 and 4-door sedans, hatchback, and 4-door wagon. The 2door weighs 3,200 lbs.Audi's 4-cylinder 121 CID engine to be available mid-year.
Hornet dropped, AMX hatchback sport version remains pulled offthe basic Concord.
304 crD V-8 option available on the Pacer.
Mid-year introduction of the 121 CID 4-cylinder Audi engineon the Gremlin.
New fastback subcompact. Gremlin name to be dropped, Javelinpossible name.
New mini car delayed to 1984.
AM working on new Electronic Spark Timing (EST).
Barcelona II luxury trim package now available in 4-door sedanas well as 2-door coupe Matadors.
AM to get Chrysler's locking torque converter for automatictransmissions.
Pacer uses HSLA steel face bar on bumper (new).
Minor trim change to Gremlin and a new dashboard.
Mid-year introduction of the SPacer - van package for thePacer wagon.
Matador dropped. Will make only compact and smaller cars.
Redesigned Pacer Sedan.
1982 Redesigned Pacer wagon.
15.
16.
17.
1983
1980
1978
Revised Concord.
AM will buy approximately 100,000 of GM's 151 crD 4-cylinderPontiac engines a year instead of the Audi engine starting~n 1980.
fu~ testing 4-wheel drive Concord wagon--future plans unknown.
A-L:-4
)::> I .j»
Ul
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9b.
01
]12
114
15b.
617
18
192(
2122
2324
25H
2728
2930
31
32~3~4
3536
3738
~9~C
AI
2/1
/77
xpp
14&
15A
I3
/1/7
7x
xpp
15&
16AN
3/7
/77
xp
.lW
AR4
/25
/77
xx
xx
p13
1AM
M5
/2/7
7x
pp1&
18W
EU5
/27
/77
xp
6W
AR5
/30
/77
xx
P17
1M
T8
/77
xx
p16
DFP
8/2
7/7
7x
xx
P6B
WAR
8/2
9/7
7x
xp
275
AN8
/29
/77
xx
xx
xpp
1&20
WAR
9/5
/77
xp
282
WAR
9/2
6/7
7x
p30
5M
T10
/77
xx
xx
xx
pp33
&34
R&T
10
/77
xx
xx
.p
142
.A
I1
0/1
/77
xx
xx
xp
39PS
10/7
7x
xx
x FIGU
REA
-4.
AMER
ICAN
MOTO
RSAU
TOM
OBIL
EPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
:to I +:>
0'\
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
114
15
116
111
819
2C21
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2728
2930
3132
133~4
3c
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10/7
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/77
xx
xx
p46
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1/7
/77
xx
p1
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-1
1/2
8/7
7x
II
pp1&
79D
FP1
2/1
6/7
x
pSA
WEU
12
/23
/7x
p7
WAW
1/7
8x
p53
MI
1/7
8x
p14
WSJ
1/1
9/7
8x
p7
DFP
1/1
9/7
8x
Pla
cAN
1/2
3/7
8x
PP1&
32W
AR1
/23
/78
xp
28AN
1/3
0/7
8x
xP
40WA
W2
/78
xp
92
WEU
2/3
/78
xPI
'1&
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AR2
/6/7
8x
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FIGU
REA
-4.
AMER
ICAN
MOTO
RSAU
TOM
OBIL
EPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
(Con
t.)
:x: I~ -..
.J ~ I~ 0
0
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9b.0
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15~6
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/78
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/78
xp
8'
WAR
4/1
7/7
8x
p12
1AN
4/2
4/7
8x
p4
.
FIGU
REA
-4.
AMER
ICAN
MOTO
RSAU
TOM
OBIL
EPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
(Con
clud
ed)
APPENDIX B
DOMESTIC LIGHT TRUCK NOTES AND CROSS-REFERENCE LISTS
This appendix contains notes and cross-reference matrices
pertaining to the domestic light truck manufacturers. The notes
(Tables B-1 through B-5) are keyed by reference number (as shown
on the Master Product Schedules in Section 3, Figures 3-1 through
3-lmand model year(s). The cross reference matrices (Figures
B-1 through B-5) correlate the appropriate reference number with
the original research sources.
Information provided in this appendix can be used to obtain
additional details beyond those highlighted on the schedules.
Original sources may be identified for further research and loca
tion of diagrams, photographs, etc. Source abbreviations are
located in the List of Abbreviations at the front of this report.
B-1
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE B-1. GENERAL MOTORSLIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
1. 1976 Blazerdoors.modesttional
all new bumpers, steel cab design and conventional steelVans new easy to remove rear seats. Pickups only
decor changes. LUV revised rear suspension, and addi-S hp and optional auto. trans.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1976
1976
1976
1976
1976
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1978
1977
1977
1977
1977
1978
Selected specs.
El Camino gets a facelift (new trim and head lamps).
All 4 x 4 vehicles with auto. trans. will have only full-timefour-wheel drive.
Pickups new Sport Truck option in stepside, pickups and vansnew decor option called "Bonanza," both mid-year intros.
Blazer new soft top and Chinook-built camper option called theChalet for mid-year.
GM to have custom vans, the Caravan custom option package andthe Nomad travel/rec vehicle.
Pickups 4 x 4 added to Series 30, Chassis cabs and Crew cabs.Blazer, Suburban and Pickups new grille, new power windows anddoor locks.
All series new 305 CID V-8 engine.
Selected specs.
Vans optional swivel reclining bucket seats and adjustablesteering column, first in industry.
Pickups to have optional Olds 350 CID V-8 Diesel Engine.
Suburban new 4 x 4.
Pickups new rear window defroster.
LUV increased payload, new optional high-back bucket seats andsliding rear window. New variable ratio steering gear and rearshocks.
LUV new "Mighty Mike" exterior trim ~roup.
Vans new grille and headlights
B-2
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE B-1. GENERAL MOTORS
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
18.
19.
20.
1978
1980
1978
El Camino all new, GMCSprint name dropped, all new Caballero.
New FWD compact van with lOS in. WB called MPC.
Selected specs.
B-3
c;:J I +'>
SOU
RC
ES1
23
45
67
89~O
11
121
14
15~6
11
819
2C21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C31
3233
~43~
36
3738
P9~(
J
W'\W
9/7
5p
72X
AN9
/1/7
5P
6X
XX
AI
10/'
1/75
pp23
-25
XX
XX
AN1
0/2
7/7
5p
24X
X
AN1
1/3
/75
pp10
&72
XX
\o¥I.R
12/2
9/75
P41
3X
X
w\W
2/76
pp54
-55
X
AI
2/1
/76
! !P
16X
w\Y
1976
P22
4X
AI
4/1
/76
pp44
,46&
47X
\o¥I.R
4/1
2/7
6p
116
X
WAW
5/7
6~
pp51
&53
X
IAl6
/15
/76
XIp
13
FIGU
RE0-
1.GE
NERA
LMO
TORS
LIGH
TTR
UCK
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)
co I lT1
SOO
RCES
12
34
56
78
9110
1112
1.1
41
56
11
18
192C
2122
2324
25
2627
2829
3C3
13
2~3~4
3<3
637
38~9
V+O
MT
7/7
6pp
28
-34
X
Car
&D
riv
e7
/76
pp6
5-6
7,
74-7
5X
\oAR
8/1
6/7
6p
259
X
AN8
/23
/76
pp8&
13X
XX
X
CR9
/76
pp51
4-51
9X
\oAW
10
/76
pp5
7-5
9X
XX
X
MT
11
/76
pp3
7-4
1X
X
AI
11
/15
/76
pp1
7-2
0X
IxIx
Mec
hani
xIl
l.1
/77
pp33
-35
XX
XX
MT
3/7
7pp
89
-91
X
WAY
1977
P24
5~
XX
AN3
/28
/77
p6
XX
X
FIGU
REB~l.
GENE
RAL
MOTO
RSLI
GHT
TRUC
KPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(S
/78)
(Con
t.)
o:J I (J)
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
11
121
14
15~6
1/
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
293C
31
32~3~43~
363
I38
139
40
WAW
4/77
p22
XX
AI
4/1
/77
pp
62
,63
X&
65
AN5
/16
/77
P8
X
AN6/
'10/
77P
1X
AN6
/27
/77
p6
X
WAR
7/4
/77
p1
X
WAR
7/2
5/7
7p
235
X
1977
Che
vyT
ruck
Dat
aIk
.2/
1f1J
7Pc
1978
Adv
.GM
CT
ruck
5/1
3/7
7X
I-
FIGU
REB
-1.
GENE
RAL
MOTO
RS
LIGH
TTr
UCK
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
oncl
uded
)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
l. 1975
2. 1976
3. 1976
4. 1976
5· 1976
6. 1976
7. 1976
8. 1976
9. 1975
10. 1976
11. 1976
12. 1976
13. 1976
14. 1976
15· 1971
16· 1977
17. 1971
18:. 1971
19. 1976
20. 1975
TABLE B-2. FORD
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
Supercab Pickup-new innovation (1 ~ cab PU).
Van opt. convenience group-new intermittent windshieldWipers, dIn rear view mirror.
Ranchero-new PB seats or PS-B seats, opt. HD e1ec. system,antitheft alarm, new interior trim.
Bronco GVWs increased.
F Series-new electric rear window defroster.
F-100 and F-150-integra1 power steering (new) and F.D.B.
Pickups and vans w/GVW < 6,000 1bs have reduced axle ratios,better emission, catalysts.
Bronco-new PFDB and PS gear ratio; front stabilizer barnew option.
F-150 introduced.
Pickups - Explorer Special trim packa~e repeat, other trimpackages coming.
Pickups - new grille and increased GVWs.
F-150-new 6050 lb. GVW 4 x 4 133" WB.
Econoline van specifications.
F-100 specifications.
Bronco-new 14 gallon plastic fuel tank (inc. from 12.2 gal).
Ranchero-new illuminated entry system and two-tone paint.
Pickups and vans-new speed control with 2 bbl CID VB engine(and 400 crD V8 on F Series).
Pickups and vans-new duraspark ignition standard.
Vans-first factory installed highback bucket seats (swivel).
Vans-industry's first body on frame vans unchanged for1917 and 1976.
B-7
Ref.No.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25 .
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
ModelYear
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
1978
1977 &1976
1977
1977
1977
1977 &1976
1977
1977
1977 &1976
1977
TABLE B-2. FORD
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78) (Cont.)
Pickups-new electric rear window defroster on Supercabs.
Pickups-extensive use of galvanized and precoated steeland zinc-rich primers.
Pickups-new plastic front inner fenders and rear wheelhouse liners (except 140" WB F-350).
Pickups and vans-new AM/FM manual radio and A/C on 6 cyl.engines.
Bronco-no change.
Trucks-new economy axle (2.75:1).
Trucks using 300 CID 6, 302, 351, 400 and 460 CID V-8s 360 and 390 CID V-8s dropped.
Ford answer to Chevy Blazer - chopped-down version of thepickup truck using Bronco name.
Vans-new special trim option incl. porthole, paneling,striping ("Cruising Van").
Ranchero-all new sheet metal.
Vans-expanded options list.
F Series-new grilles and trim.
Courier specifications.
F-250-redesigned 4 x 4 w/lower step ht., incr. payload,smoother ride, tow and camper options, easier steering.
Courier-larger fuel tanks of 15 and 17.5 gal. w/6' and7' box resp.
Courier-soft ride option; payload on 900 Ibs. instead ofstandard 1,400 lbs.
Courier-new 2.31 engine w/4 or 5 speed manual and autotrans. (1.8£ standard only w/4 or 5 speed).
B-8
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE B-2. FORD
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5178) (Cont.)
38·
39·
40.
1977
1978~
1977~
Courier-new 107" WB 6' box 113" WB 7' box redesigned likeF-Series pickups (incl. tailgate).
Trucks to have dual displacement engine option.
Courier-"Free Wheeling" option package; special trim andoptions.
B-9
OJ
I ..... o
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
11
121
14
15~6
1/1
819
2021
2223
2425
2627
2829
3031
32~3~4
3'"
3637
38P
9flO
1975
ANP
rolo
gu
et(
Fu
ture
p8
lx
1975
WAY
P20
8x
9/7
5W
AWP
12
xx
x
9/8
/75
ANpp
8&13
xx
xx
xx
xx
10
/1/7
5A
IP
25x
xx
xx
xx
xx
11
/3/7
5AN
pp10
-72
xx
xx
2/7
6W
AWP
55x
3/1
5/7
6W
ARP
83x
1976
WAY
P22
5x
x
5/7
6M
TP
2;'-
x
5/7
6W
AW!
P51
xx
6/1
5/7
6A
lP
13
x
7/7
6M
Tp
35
xx
9/7
6CR
p51
9x
FIGU
REB
-2.
FORD
LIGH
TTR
UCK
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)
o:J
I~ ~
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
11
41
5~6
11
819
2C21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C3
132
133~4
3~
36
3738
~9~O
9/1
3/7
6AN
.PP
8&38
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
x
9/2
7/7
6AN
P3
x
10
/76
WAW
P59
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
11
/76
MT
PP37
&41
xx
11
/15
/76
AI
pp
17-2
0x
x
1/7
7M
eeha
n-ix
Ill
.P
35x
xx
x
2/7
7M
TP
20x
2/1
4/7
7W
ARP
53i
x
3/7
7M
TI
P91
x
4/7
7M
TP
18x
xx
1977
WAY
!
P24
6x
xx
x
4/7
7T
ruck
and
Van
Idea
sP
36x
,,
,I
IL
..
FIGU
REB
-2.
FORD
LIGH
TTR
UCK
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.)
CP I N
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9b
0I'
121
14
15
161
11
819
2C21
2223
242
526
2728
293C
31
32133
b435
36
3738
139I4C
4/7
7T
ruck
~nd
Van
Ideas
pp
32-3
5x
xx
xx
x
4/7
7W
AWP
22x
xx
4/4
/17
ANp
p8&
22x
xx
xx
6/2
7/7
7AN
pp
6&9
x
7/1
1/7
7AN
P3
x
I ,
FIGU
REB
-2.
FORD
LIGH
TTR
UCK
PROD
UCT
SCHC
QIIL
[rDn~S-~EFERENrE
LIST
(S/7
8)(C
oncl
uded
)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE B-3. CHRYSLER
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
1974
1975
1976
1976
1976
1976
1977
1977
1977
1978
1979
1977
1979
1979
1977
1978
Ramcharger introduced.
Chrysler Corp. withdraws from the heavy truck market to concentrate on light trucks.
Only minor changes to trucks including: Vans new rear A/Cpackage, Ramcharger improved ground clearance, and pickupshinged seat back and swing-out spare tire carrier.
Vans with auto. trans. get a new electronic transmission fluidlevel sensor which also indicates overheating.
Chrysler considering either a compact pickup or m~n~ pickup.
Selected specs of Dodge Trucks.
Van mid-year custom kit model called the "Street Van." Pickupcustom option called the "Warlock".
Pickups new factory option vendor-built wrecker called the"Retriever."
Pickups and Ramcharger have new grilles and trim with Ramchargernow offered in both 4 x 4 and 4 x 2.
New pickup option called "Powerwagon" with 4-WD and custom trimfor mid-year intra.
No plans for a mini pickup.
Pickup diesel option. Mid-year intra. of 4 cyl. 105 hp engineby Mitsubishi.
Chrysler diesel version of the 225 CID L-6 engine.
Vans unchanged except new swivel highback bucket seats and 225CID 2-bb1 L-6 as standard engine. Ramcharger new mid-yearcustom option package called "Four by Four". All Dodge linesget optional glass skylight vent/sunroof.
Chrysler new compact pickup.
Chrysler new compact van based on new FWD L-body.
Selected specs of Dodge Trucks.
Vans to get new sheet metal.
8-13
Ref. ModelNo. Year
TABLE B-3. CHRYSLER
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT RCHF.nm.F. NOTF.S (,;/78) (Cont.)
19.
20.
1977
1978
Chrysler drops medium trucks, will produce light trucks only.
Pickup diesel from Mitsubishi to be introduced in mid-year is a6-cyl. engine ~ 4-cyl.
B-14
co I .......
(J1
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
90
112
114
15
b.61
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
3132
133~lt3~
36
3738
139
ftC
w\Y
1974
P22
6X
w\Y
1975
P20
7X
X
WAR
9/2
9/7
5p
309
XX
WAW
10
/75
P21
X
AI
10
/1/7
5pp
23-2
5X
X
AN1
1/3
/75
pp10
&72
X
WAW
12
/75
p38
X
AI
4/1
/76
P45
X
MT
5/7
6P
28X
WAW
5/7
6pp
51&
53X
AI
6/1
5/7
6P
13X
MT
7/7
6pp
28-3
5X
WAW
8/7
6pp
28-2
9X
XX
X
FIGU
RE·
8-3.
CIIR
YSLE
R
LIGH
TTR
UCK
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)
OJ
I ......
0'1
SO
UR
CE
S1
23
45
67
89~O
1112
114
15~6
17
18
192C
2122
2324
25
2627
2829
3031
32f33
~4
3536
3I
3813
9~C
iAN
8/3
0/7
6p
4X
k;R
9/7
6pp
514-
519
X
WAR
9/1"
3/76
P29
2X
XX
~T
10
/76
P26
XX
IWAw
10
/76
pp57
-59
XX
X
~I
11
/15
/76
pp17
-20
X
1ech
an
ixIII
1/7
7pp
33-3
5X
X
WAW
1/7
7p
13X
X
N1
/24
/77
pp6&
25X
XX
lIAR
2/1
4/7
7P
53X
X
W\W
3/7
7p
88X
X
WAY
1977
P24
6X
XX
~I
4/1
/77
P63
X
FIGU
REB-
3.CH
RYSL
ERLI
GHT
TRUC
KPR
ODUC
TS~HEDULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
ont.
l
v-'
I l-'
___J
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9b0
1)
121.
141
5b-
61
71
819
2C21
2223
2425
2{
2728
293C
3132
1331
3435
36
3738
139~C
AN4
/11
/77
p1
X
AN4
/18
/77
pp6&
16X
W\.W
'5/.7
7pp
63-6
4X
XX
WED
6/1
0/7
7P
1X
AN6
/27
/77
p42
XX
AN6
/27
/77
p1
X
AN6
/27
/77
pp6&
9X
X
MT
7/77
p'2
0X
XX
W\W
7/77
p51
X
WED
7/8
/77
p1
X
W\R
7/2
5/7
7p
235
X
8/7
7M
Tpp
50-5
5X
Dod
geT
ruck
Dat
aB
ook
1977
X
FIGU
REB
-3.
CMRY
SLER
LIGI
ITTR
UCK
PROD
UCT
SCH~-~LE
CROS
S-R[
FERE
NCE
LIST
(5/7
8)(C
oncl
uded
)
TABLE B-4. AMERICAN MOTORS
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT SCHEDULE NOTES (5178)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
l. 1975
2. 1976
3. 1976
4. 1976
5. 1976
6. 1976
7. 1976
8. 1976
9. 1977
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
All Jeep models unchanged.
New CJ-7 introduced, CJ-s facelift, newwindshield and top.
Selected specs of Jeep models.
New Structural polycarbonate plastic hard topon CJ-7.
All Jeeps have new frame and suspensionsystems.
CJ-7 Quadra-Trac full-time 4-wheel driveand automatic trans. available first time onCJ series.
CJ-6 replaced by CJ-7 but will continue to bebuilt for export.
Pickup new custom "Honcho" package.
2 bbl 258 CID L-6 replaces 1 bbl 258 CID asstandard engine on the Cherokee and J-lOmodels.
New extra low gears ratios on 4-speed trans.for CJ series.
Bottom-of-the-line 4-door Wagoneer changedto Cherokee.
J-20 GVWs have been increased 300-400 lbs.
CJ series new optional tilt steering columnand air conditioning.
Golden Eagle option package for CJ series andJ-lO.
1977
1979
15.
16.
17.
18.
Selected specs of Jeep models.
CJ series optional diesel from Perkins,2.7£ 4-cyl. 70 hp.
1980 (approx) New Jeep II 76" wb with 2£ 4-cyl. enginedownsized version of the CJ-s.
1979 (approx) New Pickup called "Shorty," an upbeat flareside with 108.7" wb.
19. 1977 Selected specs of Jeep models.
B-18
OJ I
I-'
'!)
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
90
112
11
41
5~6
11
18
192C
2122
2324
252
627
2829
3031
32
33
3435
36
37
38
39
r+OW
AY197~
p2
11
X
AI
8/1
5/7
5pp
28
-31
XX
XX
X
WAW
9/7
5pp
71&
72X
X
AI
10
/1/7
5pp
23-2
5X
XX
AN1
1/3
/75
pp10
&72
XX
XX
X
AI
2/1
/76
P16
X
WAY
1976
P22
8X
X
AN9
/6/7
6pp
8&12
XX
XX
XX
XX
WAW
10
/76
pp5
7-5
9X
X
AI
11
/15
/76
pp17
-20
XX
XX
X
AN1
1/2
9/7
6p
65X
Mec
hani
xIll
.1
/77
pp3
3-3
5X
XX
XX
MT
3/7
7P
91X
;
FIG
UR
E8
-4.
AMER
ICAN
MO
TORS
LIG
HT
TRUC
KPR
ODU
CTS
C:U
)I!LE
Cre
-SS-
REF
EREN
CE
LIS
T(5
/78
)
OJ
I N o
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
11
41
5~6
111
819
2C21
2223
2425
H27
2829
3031
32~3~43~
3637
38~9~(
'WEU
3/1
8/7
7p
2X
WAY
1977
P24
9X
XX
AN4
/25
/77
pp
6&11
XX
AN6
/6/7
7pp
1&2
X
WAW
7/77
pp
22-2
5X
XX
XIx
WAW
7/77
p18
IxJe
ep Pro
du
ctF
old
er19
77X
rlGUR
EB
-4.
AMER
ICAN
MOTO
RSLI
GI:T
TrU
CKPP
ODUC
TS
r:HE
I)"IE
CRO
SS-R
EFJ:
"DEM
CELI
ST(5
/78
)(C
on
clu
de
d)
Ref. ModelNo. Year
1. 1976
2. 1975
3. 1976
4. 1976
5. 1976
6. 1976
7. 1976
8. 1977
9. 1977
TABLE B-5. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER
LIGHT TRUCK PRODUCT-SCHEDULE NOTES (5/78)
Travelall wagon and conventional light pickups dropped. Scoutline expanded to these areas as intermediates.
New 150 Series of light pickups, Travelall wagons, and Scoututility vehicles.
New 6 cylinder diesel engine option on all IH light truck lines.First domestic light truck manufacturer to offer a diesel.
Selected specs of new Scout vehicles.
Traveler Wagon - steel reinforced fiberglass top with hatchbackstyling and rear door.
Terra pickup - 6 ft box, 2400 lb load capacity.
Scout II Travel Top carryover from 1975 with a price leader"Echo" model.
All Scout models have new trim.
Terra optional tie-down rails, Traveler optional sliding-panerear windows, and all Scouts optional cruise control with V-8engines and auto trans.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1977
1977
1977
1977
1977
Scout II new SS-II option with extra-heavy duty suspension,brush guards, roll bar, soft top, no doors, and off-roadlights. Mid-year intro to compete with Jeep CJ series for"serious" off-road activities.
Traveler Family Cruiser interior option mid-year intro.
Terra new Suntanner option three-way convertible, Traveler newFamily Wagon option with reclining swivel high-back bucketseats and all Scouts new ORV off-road driving package. Midyear intro.
All Scouts expanded availability of cruise control and tiltsteering whee 1.
Selected specs of Scout vehicles.
B-21
OJ I N N
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
114
15~6
1118
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
3132
~3~43~
3637
38~9
4C
WAY
1975
P18
X
WAY
1975
p2
11
X
ANP
rolo
gue
toF
utu
re19
75p
84X
X
WAW
8/7
5p
45X
XX
pcX
WAW
9/75
p71
X
AI
10
/1/7
5pp
23-2
5X
XX
XX
AN1
1/3
/75
pp10
&72
XX
X
WA
W2/
76pp
54-5
5X
ANM
.D.B
.Is
sue
1976
p42
XX
WAY
1976
P22
7X
X
AN9
/27
/76
pp6&
35X
XX
WAW
10/7
6pp
57-5
9X
XX
FIGU
REB-5~
INTER~ATIONAL
HARV
ESTE
RLI
GHT
TRUC
KPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78
)
t:J:l I N W "'"t:J:l I N """
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
11
121
14
15
61
{1
819
2(21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C31
32)3
343<
; 36
3738
~9
4C
AI
11
/15
/76
pp
17
-20
X
Mec
hani
xIll
.1
/77
pp
33-3
5X
XX
WAW
1/7
7p
13X
AN2
/7/7
78&
15X
XX
WAR
2/1
4/7
7p
53X
X
WAY
1977
P24
8X
X
AN6
/27
/77
P6&
9X
WAR
7/2
5/7
7p
235
X
IHC
T-4
04-Q
Dat
aB
ook
8/1
/76
X
FIGU
RE8-
5.IN
TERN
ATIO
NAL
HARV
ESTE
RLI
GHT
TRUC
KPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LFCR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(5
/78)
(Con
clud
cd)
APPENDIX C
IMPORT MAffiTFACTURERS' CROSS-REFERENCE LISTS
This appendix contains cross-reference matrices pertaining
to selected import manufacturers. The cross-reference matrices
(Figures C-l throughC-ll are keyed by reference number (as shown
on the Master Product Schedules in Section 4, Figures 4-1 through
4-11) and correlate Lhe appropriate reference number with the
original research sources.
Information provided in this appendix can be used to obtain
additional details beyond those highlighted on the schedules.
Original sources may be identified for further research and loca
tion of diagrams, photographs, etc. Source abbreviations are loca
ted in the List of Abbreviations at the front of this report.
C-l
n I r0
12
45
69
11
2C'I<
2f:
30P3
P435
373
9"0
SOUR
CES
37
81
012
11
41
51
61
/1
819
2122
2324
2527
2829
31
3236
38
1977
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
p27
xx
xx
xx
xp
77x
xx
xx
x
1976
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
p25
xx
p57
xx
1977
WAY
P34
xx
xx
xx
xp
51x
xx
x
1976
WAY
P45
xx
x
1975
WAY
P26
xx
p43
xx
7/4
/77
WAR
P21
3x
x
6/2
7/7
7W
ARP
203
xx
xx
5/1
6/7
7W
ARP
156
xx
4/1
1/7
7W
ARP
115
x
4/4
/77
WAR
P10
7x
xx
3/2
1/7
7W
ARP
7x
*Not
used
FIG
URE
C-1
.TO
YOTA
p~~Of)L;CT
SCIIE
DU
LEC
R'JS
S-i<~
FE,tj
':Ct:
LIST
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
CJ
I W
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9b.
o1
121
141
5b.
617
18
192(
2122
2324
2526
2728
293C
3132
~3~43~
363
138
P9
f't(
8/7
6AE
P42
x
11/7
6AE
P44
x
5/2
/77
ANP
66x
7/8
/77
WEU
P3
x
1978
To
yo
ta,
Ad.
x,
R&T
2/7
8P
86x
MT
1/7
8p
p2
6,3
7,
40x
xx
xx
AN1
2/2
6/7
7P
1x
WEU
12
/9/7
7x
p1
AN1
1/2
8/7
7p
p2
2,8
0x
xx
x
WAW
10/7
7P
10x
AN1
1/2
1/7
7P
49x
AN1
1/1
4/7
7p
p1
,16
xx
FIGU
REC
-1.
TOYO
TA
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
Cl
I -10>
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
1~
141
5~6
17
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
3132
33
343~
3637
383
9~O
3/7
/77
WAR
P8
4'
x
11/7
6WA
WP
22x
x
8/76
R&T
P68
xx
1974
WAY
P48
x
10/7
6M
TP
76x
4/1
/76
AI
P38
x
4/1
/77
AI
P49
xx
7/4
/77
WAR
P21
3x
9/75
WAW
P42
x
5/77
MTp
Ial
xx
x
5/2
/77
ANP
31x
xx
x
2/77
R&T
P40
xx
5/77
WAW
P26
x
FIGU
REC
-1.
TOYO
TA
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I In
SO
UR
CE
S1
23
45
67
89~O
1]
121
141
5~6
171
819
2(21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C31
32~3~4
3536
3738
~9~(
WED
11/1
1/77
P16
.x
xx
x
R&
T12
/77
P11
2x
WAW
11/7
7P
23x
AN1
0/2
4/7
7pp
1,3
xx
WAR
10/1
7/77
P33
2x
x
WAR
10
/3/7
7P
315
x
WED
9/3
0/7
7P
7x
x
WAR
9/1
9/7
7P
298
xx
WED
9/1
6/7
7P
7x
x
MT
9/7
7P
91x
WED
7/2
2/7
7P
1x
WED
5/1
3/7
7P
1x
WAW
12/7
7P
98x
xx
FIGU
REC
-1.
TOYO
TA
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I 0'\
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1]
121
1415
b.6
1718
192(
2122
2324
252f
i27
2829
3C31
32P3
~43~
3fi
3738
P9
(f(
WAW
11
/77
pp
41,4
3x
x
MT
4/77
P86
xx
Fra
nk
San
tin
oo
fB
osto
nT
oy
ota
x
FIGU
REC
-l.
TOYO
TA
PROD
UCT
SClfE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CON
CLUD
ED)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I '-J
12
4~111~
~6
2(*
263C
31133
P435
37~9~O
...S
OU
RC
ES3
56
78
91
14
15
111
819
2122
2324
2527
2829
323
638
1977
AN
Mkt
xD
ata
Bk.
p76
1976
AN
Mkt
Dat
aB
k.p
15x
p57
xP
58x
1977
WAY
pp
34-3
5x
xx
xx
P50
x
1976
WAY
P28
y.x
1975
WAY
P26
xP
43x
xx
4/1
8/7
7W
ARP
123
x
2/7
/77
WAR
P50
xx
8/2
7/7
5A
NP
76x
2/74
CRP
155
x
11/7
6W
AWP
24x
1974
WAY
P48
xx
*Not
used
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8FI
GURE
C-2
.DA
TSUN
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
j'
("") t OJ
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9tl
o11
121
14
15
tl617
18
192(
2122
2324~5
H27
2829
303
]32
133~4
353E
3738
b9~(
J
4/1
/76
AI
P~8,
xx
4/1
/77
AI
P49
xx
xx
9/7
5WA
WP
42x
5/2
/77
ANP
47x
1978
Adv
er-
tisi
ng
x
2/7
8R&
TP
84x
2/7
8M
TP
19x
x
John
Doo
nan
of
Arl
ing
-to
nD
atsu
nx
xan
dC
har
lie
Ber
kle
yo
fB
osto
nD
atsu
n
12
/26
/77
ANP
1x
12/7
7R&
TP
54
x
R&T
10/7
7P
126
x
FIGU
REC
-2.
DATS
UN
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I '0
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1]
121
14
15
"61
/1
819
2(21
2223
242
5H
2728
293C
313
2tn
P4
3•
36
3/
38~9
I4c
WEU
11,1
1/77
P8
x
WAW
11
/77
P2
3,
43x
x
WEU
10/2
8/17
P6
x
AN
10
/14
/77
pp
1,3
,53
xx
xx
WAR
10/2
4/17
P34
1x
AN
10
/31
/77
P17
xx
x
WEU
6/2
4/7
7P
7x
x
MT
4/7
7p
p8
2,8
9I
xX
xx
xx
xx
93
,94
,96
AN
11
/18
/77
P22
x
FIGU
REC
-2.
DATS
UN
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CON
CLUD
ED)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I o
SOU
P.C
ES1
23
45
67
89
011
121
114
15
61
11
819
2(21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C31
32~3~4
3536
3738
~9~O
1977
ANM
ktD
ata
'Bk.
p36
xp
72x
1976
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
p58
x
1977
WAY
P51
x
1976
WAY
P45
xx
1975
WAY
P43
x
iMVMA
1977
,A
ccor
dpp
2,5
,27
x
1/2
4/7
7W
ARP
27x
~VMA
1977
,C
ivic
pp2
,5,2
7x
MV
MA
1977
,C
ivic
Cvcc
pp2
,5,2
7x
4/1
/76
AI
P38
xx
4/1
/77
AI
P49
xx
FIGU
REC
-3.
HOND
A
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n r~ ~
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
911
011
121
14
15
[1.6
1j
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
293C
31
32P3
~4
353
637
38P9
ftC
1/1
0/7
5C
RP
625
x
6/2
4/7
7W
EUP
5x
1975
WAY
pp2
6,3
6x
4/1
/75
AI
P41
x
1973
WAY
P50
x
1978
Hon
daA
dv.
xx
x
AN1
2/1
2/7
7P
1x
Po
pu
lar
Sci.
12
/77
p26
x
AN1
1/2
8/7
7P
lA,2
2x
WAR
11
/14
/l7
P36
2x
AN1
1/1
4/7
7P
18x
WEU
11/1
1/l7
P7
x
WAW
11/7
7P
25x FI
GURE
C-3
.HO
NDA
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I ..... N
SOl'R
CE
S1
23
45
67
89~O
1112
l'1
41
511
611
18
192(
2122
2324
252€
2728
293(
]31
3213
3P4
3~3
631
3813
9~O
AN9
/5/7
7P
3·x
x
Car
&D
riv
el8
/76
p67
x
R&T
8/76
P40
x
MT
4/7
7p
83x
Gil
Ber
kman
of
Hon
da/
Vol
voV
illa
ge,
New
ton
Cen
tre,
MA
x
FIGU
REC
-3.
HOND
A
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CON
CLUD
ED)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I w
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
90
112
114
15~6
1118
192(
2122
2324
252
f27
2829
3C31
32~3~4
3<3
63
i38
~9
~(J
1977
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp76
-77
x
1977
WAY
pp4
1,5
1x
x
4/1
/77
AI
pp48
-49
x
1976
ANM
kt.
Dat
aB
k.pp
59-6
0x
1976
WAY
pp4
1,4
5x
x
4/1
/76
AI
pp37
-38
x
1975
WAY
pp26
,43
xx
4/1
/75
AI
pp40
-41
x
MVM
A19
77S
ub
aru
pp1
,2,2
7x
AI
11
/15
/77
P13
x
AN8
/25
/75
P2
xx
AN1
1/2
4/7
5P
8x
FIGU
REC
-4.
SUBA
RU
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I -'
+:>
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
91
011
121~
1415
~6
17
18
1920
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
3132
3334
3536
3738
39(t
o
Atl
anti
cIm
port
edC
ars.
Sub
aru
Dea
ler.
Cam
brid
gex
x
WAR
4/1
1/7
7P
115
xx
MT
4/77
p~5
x
R&T
2/78
P86
x
WAW
12/7
7P
98x
AE7/
77p
35x
WAW
5/77
P26
x
/
FIGU
REC
-4.
SUBA
RU
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CON
CLUD
ED)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I U"1
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9b-
01
]12
11
41
5b-
61
71
819
2(21
2223
2425
2f
2728
2930
31
32P3
b435
363
/38
39
140
1977
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp76
-77
x
1977
WAY
pp4
5,5
1x
xx
4/1
/77
AI
pp48
-49
xx
1976
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp59
-60
x
1976
WAY
pp34
,45
xx
4/1
/76
AI
pp37
-38
x
1975
WAY
pp3
0,4
3x
4/1
/75
IApp
40-4
1x
MVM
A19
77M
azda
pp1
,2,5
,2x
MT
1/7
8P
16x
AN1
2/5
/77
P26
xx
AN1
1/2
8/7
7P
76x
FIGU
REr-
s.M
A70A
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I 0'1
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
901
112
11
41
5~6
17
18
192C
2122
2324
25
262
728
29
3031
32
33
343
53
63
73
83
9~O
AN1
1/7
/71
p28
x
WAW
11
/77
P25
x
AN1
0/3
1/7
7p
20x
x
AN1
0/1
0/7
7p
25x
AN8
/15
/77
P3
x
AN8
/1/7
7p
21x
AN5
/10
/77
P51
xx
WAW
2/7
7P
21x
WAR
1/1
7/7
7P
19x
x
MT
4/7
7p
84
,90
xx
MT
4/7
7p
116
x
AN1
1/2
8/7
7P
23x
AN1
2/1
/75
PP2
,4x
x
FIGU
REC
-5.
MAZD
A
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
."
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I '-J
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9P.
011
121
1415
61
11
819
2(21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C31
32~3~43~
3637
38
b9~C
R&T
2/7
8P
86x
1978
Maz
daA
dv.
x
Kev
inM
ahon
eyo
fB
osto
nM
azda
x
AN1
2/2
6/7
7P
1x
WAR
1/2
6/7
5P
30x
WAR
10
/27
/75
p34
1x
WEU
7/8
/77
P5
x
MT
6/7
7P
ill
x
AN5
/16
/77
P51
x
FIGU
REC
-5.
MAZD
A
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CON
CLUD
ED)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I .... :lO
30U
RC
ES
12
34
56
78'
9~O
1112
11
41
5[6
1/
18
192C
2122
2324
25H
2728
2930
3132
133~43~
36
3/
3813
9~O
1977
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp44
,76
xx
xx
XI
x
1976
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
p57
xx
xP
58x
x
1977
WAY
P51
xx
xx
pp35
,40
xx
x
1976
WAY
P45
xx
1975
WAY
P20
xp
p26
-27
xx
P32
xx
P43
xx
6/2
7/7
7W
ARP
203
xx
6/6
/77
WAR
P17
9x
5/9
/77
WAR
P14
9x
x
1/3
1/7
7W
ARP
34x
1/1
7/7
7W
ARP
19x
7/4
/77
ANP
6x
x
*Not
used
FIGU
REC
-6.
VOLK
SWAG
ENPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I \0
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
1~1
41
56
1/
18
192C
2122
2324
252
f27
2829
3031
32133
b43
c3
631
3813
9~C
6/2
7/7
"'AN
P2.
6,x
x
5/1
6/7
7AN
P6
xx
xx
x
5/9
/77
ANP
25x
xx
1976
WAY
P17
x
5/1
6/7
7W
ARp
ISS
x
1974
WAY
P48
xx
WAW
11
/77
pp2
5,4
2,
43x
WAR
10/2
4/17
P34
1x
xx
Vol
ksw
agen
of
Am
eric
aH
erb
Wil
liam
son
Rob
Blu
mx
xx
4/1
/76
AI
P37
xx
4/1
/77
AI
P48
xx
x
WEU
7/8
/77
pp2
,4x
x
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
FIGU
REC
-6.
VOLK
SWAG
ENPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(C
ON
T.)
n I I'\) a
SOUR
CSS
12
34
56
78
9ti
o11
121
1415
ti611
1819
2(21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3(
3132
;33i34
35H
313
8~9~(
)
2/77
R&T
pp~8-41
xx
6/77
AEP
59x
3/2
1/7
7AN
P12
xx
xx
xp
68x
2/1
4/7
7W
ARP
53x
R&T
2/78
pp3
0,5
2,
84,8
6x
xx
xx
iMT
2/78
P18
xx
VWA
dv
er-
tise
men
t'7
8x
Po
pu
lar
Sci.
11/7
7p
60x
x
R&T
11/7
7P
66x
p12
6x
AN1
0/1
7/7
7P
1
WAW
10/7
7pp
37,7
1x
xx
WAR
9/2
6/7
7P
310
x
FIGU
REC
-6.
VOLK
SWAG
ENPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(C
ON
T.)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I N >-'
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9hO
1112
I'
14
15
n6
1j1
81
92C
2122
2324
25
26
27
282
93C
31
32~3~4
35
36
37
38
139
r.OAN
10
/24
/77
P2
x
WAW
9/7
7P
29x
WEU
8/1
9/7
7P
5x
WEU
8/5
/77
P4
x
WAR
8/8
/77
P25
3x
x
AN8
/8/7
7P
18x
AI
8/1
/77
P12
x
MT
7/7
7p
39x
Det.
Fre
eP
ress
10
/15
/77
p5A
x
Det.
Fre
eP
ress
8/1
6/7
7p
58x
WAH
8/2
2/7
7P
269
x
AN
9/2
6/7
7P
2x
x
FIGU
REC
-6.
VOLK
SWAG
EN
PRO
JeC
TSCH!:~~UL[
CI"\O
SS-R
;:FER
ENCE
LIS
T(C
Orn
.)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I N N
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
11
41
5~6
17
18
192C
2122
2324
25
2627
2829
3(J
3132
33
3435
3637
383
9~O
MI
4/7
7pp
86
.89
.11
7x
·x
WAW
9/7
5pp
40
.41
.44
x
AN1
1/2
8/7
7p
2x
x
Po
pu
lar
Sci
10/7
7P
104
x
Bob L
ind
sted
t.B
elm
ont
VWB
elm
ont
Mas
s.x
Po
pu
lar
Sci
.9
/77
p34
x
WEU
5/2
7/7
7P
1x
AN8
/22
/77
P2
x
AN1
1/7
/77
P36
x
AN9
/19
/77
p2
x
FIGU
REC
-6.
VOLK
SWAG
ENPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(C
ON
T.)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I 1',
)
W
SOU
RC
ES1
23
45
67
89
01
112
1~
14
15~6
17
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
293C
3132
;33P
435
36
3/
38
139~O
1977
AN
Mkt
Dat
aB
k.pp
76-7
7x
I19
77W
AYpp
39,5
1x
x
4/1
/77
AI
pp48
-49
x
1976
AN
Mkt
Dat
aB
k.pp
59-6
0x
I
1976
WAY
pp29
,45
x
4/1
/76
AI
pp37
-38
x
I19
75W
AYpp
26
,43
xx
x
4/1
/75
AI
pp40
-41
x
AN1
1/2
8/7
7p
28x
xx
AN1
2/1
9/7
7P
6x
xx
WED
10/2
8/17
P1
x
AN
9/1
9/7
7P
52x
WAR
8/2
9/7
7D
278
x
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
FIG
URE
C-7
.FI
AT
PROD
UCT
SCIl[
JULE
CR
OSS
-R:-:
iCf'.
c::C
EL
IST
n I N +:>
SOU
RC
ES1
23
45
67
89~O
11
121
141
516
1/
1819
2(21
2223
2425
2627
2829
3C3
132
~3
343~
3637
3839
~O
AN8
/29
/77
P10
x
WAW
7/77
P38
xx
AE6
/77
P20
xx
AN6
/13
/77
P60
x
WEU
5/1
3/7
7P
5x
x
AN5
/9/7
7P
45x
WAR
4/2
5/7
7P
134
x
WEU
10/1
4/77
P1
x
AN1
0/1
7/7
7P
6x
x
WEU
9/3
0/7
7P
1x
R&T
8/76
P89
xx
WAW
9/75
P42
x
AN1
2/2
9/7
5P
12x
FIG
URE
C-7
.FI
AT
PROD
UCT
SClll
DL;
LEC
RO
SS-R
t:FE
REN
CELI
ST(C
OiH
.)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I N U"1
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9110
1112
11
41
5~6
1/
18
192C
2122
2324
252~
2728
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3132
133
P43"
36
3138
139~(
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0/2
4/7
7P
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MT
8/7
7P
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FIGU
REC
-7.
FIAT
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
("") I N 0'\
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
1~
141
5~6
1,
18
192l
l21
2223
24~5
26
2728
293(
J3
132
3334
353f
i31
38~9
40
1977
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp76
-77
xp
72
x
~977
WAY
P51
x
"'/1
/77
AI
pp48
-49
xx
~976
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp59
-60
x
~976
WAY
i
P45
x
'(+/1
/76
AI
pp37
-38
x
~975
WAY
pp2
6,3
2,4
3x
'(+/1
/75
AI
pp40
-41
x
~VMA
1977
Jag
uar
pp2
,5,2
7x
~E
12/7
7P
27x
~1
1/2
8/7
7P
26,3
8x
WEU
11
/25
/77
pp6
,7x
x
FIGU
REC
-8.
BRIT
ISH
LEYL
AND
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I N -....J
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
90
1'
121
14
15~6
1/
18
192(
2122
2324
25
2f
27
2829
303
13
213
3~4
35
36
313
8~9
r.C
AN9
/19
/77
P25
xx
AN3
/21
/77
P41
x
MT
2/7
7P
130
xj
1/7
7p
19x
R&T
12
/77
P4
8x
AN1
0/2
4/7
7p
44
x
WEU
10
/28
/17
p3
x
MT
12
/77
p88
x
R&T
11
/77
P12
0x
AN6
/13
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P2
x
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6/2
4/7
7P
6x
Jag
uar
19
78
Adv
.x
WAW
11
/77
P4
2x
FIGU
REC
-8.
BRIT
ISH
LEYL
AND
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I N 00
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
90
1'
121
141
5~6
17
18
192C
2122
2324
25
2627
2829
3(1
31
323
334
353
63
738
39~O
Sp
itfi
re19
78A
dv.
x
MG19
78A
d",
x
WAW
10/7
7p
72
x
WAW
9/75
p44
x
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2/2
6/7
7p
6x
AN9
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p2,
29x
MT
4/77
pp27
,92
116
xx
x
WAR
8/1
5/7
7p
250
x
FIGU
REC
-8.
BRIT
ISH
LEYL
AND
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CON
CLUD
ED)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
_.•
---....,......,..-r--r-....,......,..--r--r-r-r-r-r--r-r-.,....-r.,.......,..-r...,...,.......,...,....-r--r--r--r--r-..,...-..,...-"T""""T""""T""".,...-r--r--r-~-r-..,.....,
I lI
x
x x
x x
x x x x
x
MT
3/7
7R
epri
nt
I!III I!
I!II
II
II
:1
IfIII
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1I!I
III
~!
:I
I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~
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II
11
'1I
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
_S
OU
RC
ES
19
77
ANM
kt.
Dat
aB
k.pp
76-7
7Ix
p72
1977
WAY
P51
4/1
/77
AI
pp48
-49
Ix
1976
ANM
kt.
Dat
aB
k.pp
59-6
0p
57
1976
WAY
pp37
.45
~1
4/1
/76
AI
pp
37-3
8
1975
WAY
pp2
6.3
4.
43 4/1
/75
AI
pp
40-4
1
MVM
A1
97
7V
olvo
pp24
0.26
0p
p2-
5.6.
271
x
FIGU
REC
-9.
VOLV
OPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST
("") I W o
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
114
156
1/
18
192C
2122
2324
2526
2728
2930
31
32P
334
3536
3/ 3
8P
9ft(
J
WAR
10,'
24/1
P34
0x
AN1
1/2
1/7
7P
44x
xx
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11
/14
/1p
77
xx
x
WEU
10
/28
/1pp
1,6
xx
xx
WEU
5/1
3/7
7P
7x
1978
Ad
ve
r-ti
se
me
nt
x
AN
12/1
6/77
P6
x
AN1
0/1
3/7
5P
9x
x
AE2/
77P
45x
FIGU
REC
-9.
VOLV
OPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(C
aNT.
)
Re
vis
ed
1/3
1/7
8
n I W .......
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9b.o
1112
114
15~6
1118
192(
2122
2324
25H
2728
293C
31
32133
P435
3E31
38~9~C
1977
ANM
kt.
Dat
aB
k.pp
76-7
7x
xp
72x
1977
WAY
pp37
,51
xx
4/1
/77
AI
pp48
-49
x
1976
ANM
kt.
Dat
aB
k.pp
59-6
0x
P57
x
1976
WAY
P45
x
4/1
/76
AI
pp37
-38
x
1975
WAY
pp2
6,3
8,
43x
x
4/1
/75
pp40
-41
x
12/7
7M
TP
46x
1978
Adv
Sal
es/s
pec
xx
12/7
7R
&T
P41
x
FIGU
REC
-10.
MER
CEDE
S-BE
NZ
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROSS-REFERE~CE
LIST
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
("") I W N
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1112
114
15~6
17
1819
2(J
2122
2324~5
2627
2829
3031
32~H~43~
3637
38~9
4(J
AN
11/2
1/77
p30
x
WAW
11/7
7P
23x
R&T
12/7
7P
81x
WEU
10
/28
h7
p6
x
AI
11/1
5/77
P16
x
WAR
10
/3/7
7P
317
x
WEU
9/3
0/7
7p
8x
WAR
10
/3/7
7P
318
x
AN
9/2
6/7
7P
2x
xx
p3
xP
27x
WAR
9/1
2/7
7P
292
x
WAR
8/1
5/7
7P
261
x
AN
8/8
/77
x
MT
6/77
p16
x1
)32
x
FIGU
REC
-l0.
MER
CEDE
S-BE
NZ
PROD
UCT
SCHE
DULE
CROS
S-RE
FERE
NCE
LIST
(CO
NT.
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
n I W W
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9~
011
121
14
15
b.6
171
819
2(
2122
2324
25
2627
282
930
31
32
P3b
43
<3f
i31
38
P9~O
WAW
6/7
7P
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AN
6/6
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P10
x
MT
7/7
7p
67x
:
MT
8/7
7P
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WEl
l5
/27
/77
P5
x
MT
4/7
7P
41x
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0/3
1/7
7p
28x
MT
1/7
7P
82x
WAW
1/7
7P
12x
x
WAW
11
/77
P42
x
WAW
10
/77
P72
x
MT
4/7
7,
P9
2x
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FIG
UR
EC
-10
.M
ERC
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-BEN
Z
PIW
llUC
I:-;
r:IIE
DU
LEC
RO
SS-R
EFER
ENC
ELI
ST
(CO
NT
.)
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1/3
1/7
8
n I W .j:>.
SOUR
CES
12
34
56
78
9~O
1]
12l'
1415
116
111
819
2(21
2223
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526
2728
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3132
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3536
373
8~9~(
J
AN12
/16/
77p
1x
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75p
6x
NT12
/76
p76
x
FIGU
REC
-10.
MER
CEDE
S-BE
NZPR
ODUC
TSC
HEDU
LECR
OSS-
REFE
RENC
ELI
ST(C
ONCL
UDED
)
Rev
ised
1/3
1/7
8
("") I W U"I
SOU
RCES
12
34
56
78
9J.O
11
1211
1415
~6
17
1819
2C21
2223
2425
2627
2829
303
132
33
3435
36
3738
39~O
1977
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp76
-77
xp
72
x
1977
WAY
pp46
,51
xx
x
1/77
AI
pp48
-49
x
1976
ANM
ktD
ata
Bk.
pp59
-60
x
1976
WAY
pp43
,45
x
4/1
/76
AI
pp37
-38
x
1975
WAY
P43
x
4/1
/75
AI
pp40
-41
xx
Saa
b-S
can
iaS
pecs
for
'75
No
v.,
1974
p4
x
MVM
A19
77S
aab
99pp
2,6
x3/
77A
dv.
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chu
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APPENDIX D
REPORT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY
After a thorough review of the work performed under this
contract, no new innovations, discoveries, improvements or inventions were made or patents submitted.
The program did result in a better understanding of the
automotive industry and its capacity to meet fuel economy goals
due to the development of Master Product Timing Schedules fordomestic autos and light trucks as well as for selected import
manufacturers.
D-1/D-2
