AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

ISSN - 0970-7115 Regn. No. 31362/75 A Monthly Survey of Automotive and related Technical Literature & Events

May 2019 Vol. 45, No 5

An ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 27001, OHSAS 18001 and NABL Accredited R&D Institute

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTSAUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

ARAI KNOWLEDGE CENTRES

COLLECTION AT A GLANCE

Books, Conference Proceedings, CDs :

+9000

Standards :

+15000

e-Books :

+500

DIGITAL LIBRARY

ARAI Digital Library is developed to capture, organize, preserve and disseminate knowledge. This institutional repository includes Conference Proceedings, SIAT Keynote & Technical Papers, Seminar Papers, Staff Publications, ARAI Updates, Automotive Abstracts, News Clippings, eBooks, etc. The contents of this repository are organized in different collections. It only provides access to all

e-DATABASES

LIST OF JOURNAL / PERIODICALS

ATZ Worldwide (English)

Commercial Vehicles

DieselNet Subscription

Dhatukam - Yantra aani Tantra (Marathi)

Engineering Failure Analysis

International Journal of Crashworthiness

International Journal of Electric & Hybrid Vehicles

International Journal of Vehicle Noise & Vibration

International Journal of Vehicle Design

Journal of Automobile Engg Procd of IME Part D

Journal of Engg. Materials & Technology

Journal of Heat Transfer

Journal of Mechanical Design

Journal of Vibration and Acoustics

MTZ Worldwide (English)

Noise Control Engineering Journal

Standards India

TERI Information Digest on Energy and

Technical Journals

Business IndiaBusiness ManagerCurrent Labour ReportsDigitDown to Earth Harvard Business ReviewHuman CapitalIndia Today

Labour Law Journal Library Progress (International)National GeographicOutlookReader's DigestRight to Information Reporter (RTIR)RishimukhSwamy News

Auto Car India Autocar ProfessionalAutomotive Engineer & Trader EVO IndiaIndian Journal Transport Management Industrial Product

Finder Industrial Safety ChronicleManufacturing Technology TodayMotor India Overdrive SIAM Monthly Flash Reports

Exchange Periodicals

Non-Technical Periodicals

- KOTHRUD & CHAKAN

ARAI Knowledge Centre, established in 1975, is a fully automated special library and one of India's finest libraries with a specific collection of automotive and related subjects. The primary goal is to cater to all types of in-house researchers' information needs. The Knowledge Centre also serves automotive engineering professionals, faculty, students, and various government organizations with respect to automotive and related subjects.

The Knowledge Centre has a collection of around 24,000 books and standards. The collection includes books on various topics such as powertrain, electric & hybrid vehicle, emissions, NVH, brakes, fatigue, vehicle dynamics, safety, automotive electronics, automotive materials, management, soft-skills, etc. and technical reports, seminar/conference proceedings such as SAE, SIAT, IMechE, etc. It has a rich collection of national and international standards such as ADR, AIS, ASTM, BS, DIN, EEC / ECE, IS, ISO, JASO, JIS, SANS, SAE and so on. The reading hall has repository of national and international journals. The value added by the Knowledge Centre is the collection of student project reports on various areas of automotive research. The collection of SAE Technical Papers is an additional value. Free access is provided to all SAE members in India.

The Knowledge Centre offers memberships on an annual, monthly, weekly and daily basis to educational & research institutes, automotive companies and automotive professionals. It also provides its customers with document delivery service for technical articles towards research work purposes only. It publishes a monthly magazine, 'Automotive Abstracts (ISSN No. 0970 - 7115)', which offers India's most comprehensive service to the automotive industry. It helps to conduct literature and patent search and compiles lists of references. It has also developed an institutional repository for capturing, organizing, preserving and disseminating automotive knowledge.

01AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Vol. 45, No. 5, May 2019

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTSEditorialEditorial

With Best Regards

Dear Reader,

The world is moving in the direction of electric mobility, and India is working through FAME II on a clear cut policy. The technology for Electric Vehicles (EV) is still evolving and requires infrastructure charging. However, hybrid vehicles are advocated by Japanese companies, which will not require extensive charging infrastructure. There is a space for coexistence for all technologies in a planned ecosystem, leading to diversity. Thirty percent of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) would be sold by 2026. ARAI inaugurated this year Center of Excellence for Electric Mobility and signed a MoU with VelTech University to initiate M. Tech. in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (E&HV) programme from June 2019. To address all issues relating to electric mobility, ARAI conducted a 2 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme on "Electric & Hybrid Vehicles" from 1 to 2 April 2019 at VelTech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Tamilnadu, to give an in-depth perspective on E&HVs.

Participants at PIP on “Electric & Hybrid Vehicles” at VelTech University, Chennai

At Technology Front, the Proficiency Improvement Programmes (PIPs) scheduled at ARAI are as follows:

3 Day PIP on "Vehicle & Engine Testing" from 13-15 May 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan

3 Day PIP on "Metallurgy for Non-Metallurgists" from 29 –31 May 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan in association with

ASM, Pune

1 Day PIP on "Shared Mobility" on 3rd June 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan

1 Day PIP on "The Emergence of Lithium-ion Batteries in Automotive Sector" on 10th June 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan

3 Day PIP on "Foundry Technology" from 10–12 June 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan in association with ASM, Pune

3 Day PIP on "Automotive NVH" from 12–14 June 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan

4 Day PIP on "Automotive Engineering" from 18–21 June 2019 at ARAI-FID, Chakan

We have developed high-quality e-learning modules called e-PIPs on various topics related to automotive engineering. These interactive eModules are hosted on the ARAI eLearning Portal https:/elearning.araiindia.com/ to help users access them anytime and anywhere.

For more details of above programmes, visit ARAI website https://araiindia.com & ARAI Academy website http://academy.araiindia.com. Please feel free to contact me with your valuable suggestions at [email protected]

Sr. Deputy Director & Head, ARAI Academy & Knowledge CentreTreasurer & Member, SAEINDIA Managing Committee.Chairman, BAJA SAEINDIA 2020 National Organising Committee.

Dr. K.C. Vora

Vol. 45, No. 5, May 2019AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 02

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTSISSN 0970-7115Regn. No. 31362/75

Vol. 45, No. 5, May 2019

Editor : Dr. K.C. Vora, Sr. Deputy Director & Head, ARAI Academy

Published by : Mrs. Rashmi Urdhwareshe, Director, ARAI

: Survey No. 102, Vetal Hill, Off. Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune – 411038, India Tel.: +91-20-30231111, Fax: +91-20-30231104 Email: [email protected]

Regd. Office

: PHM/SR/95/2000 dt. 13-04-2000 Visit us at https://www.araiindia.com

Declaration No.

Printed at : Creatick Solution, 220/1 Ganesh Nagar Earandavane Pune - 4 / Office : 1/2 Near SBI Bank, Karve Road, Earandavane , Pune - 4 Tel.: 9850243264 / 9766667446 Email : [email protected]

Abstracts have been taken directly from source documents l i ke conference proceedings, national and international periodicals covering worldwide literature on automotive and related allied subjects. Abstracts are broadly classified and arranged under various subject heads.

Every effort is made to present the abstracts accurately but the Automotive Research Association of India, Pune assumes no liability for any error and

General Information:

Automot ive Abst rac ts is a month ly publication published by Knowledge Centre (Library) of the Automotive Research Association of India. January to November (11 Issues) are in Print + PDF version and December Issue an Index issue published in CD-ROM.

Publication Details:

[email protected]: 020-30231192

[email protected]: (02135) 396685

Email:

Enquiries may be addressed to ARAI,Post Box No. 832, Pune 411004

The annual subscription rate for Automotive Abstracts for the subscription period April to March is Rs. 3000/- for print + PDF version in India and US $ 100 + GST applicable for only PDF version for foreign.

Subscription Details:

Demand Draft / Cheques are to be drawn in

favour of “The Automotive Research

Association of India” payable at Pune or you

can visit the following link for subscriptio

https://academy.araiindia.com/index.

php/publications/automotive-abstracts/

new-subscription .

This publication has been published for providing updates on the latest events and happenings in the automotive industry and the patent applications being filed in this regard. However, it is clarified that details w.r.t. the patent applications are derived from the public domain. ARAI does not have any right, title or interest in the said patent, unless specified. This publication is for academic and educational purpose only. ARAI does not intent to derive any commercial benefit from it.

Disclaimer:

CONTENTS

1. Editorial .......................................................... 01

2. Proficiency Improvement Programme............. 03

3. Online Learning Courses (EPIP)..................... 06

4. Illustration........................................................ 07

5. Technical Abstracts......................................... 07

Active & Passive Safety.................................. 07

Autonomous & Connected Vehicles............... 12

Electric & Hybrid Vehicles........................... 13

Manufacturing & Materials........................... 16

Noise & Vibration......................................... 22

Powertrain & Engineering........................... 26

Vehicle Dynamics........................................ 29

6. Techno Scan.................................................... 35

7. IPR Scan (Fuel Consumption).......................... 40

8. Autonews......................................................... 42

9. Books Added in Knowledge Centre (2019-20).... 46

10. Academy Training Programmes.......................... 47

11. Forthcoming Events............................................ 49

12. Subscription Form for Automotive Abstracts....... 55

13. Feedback Form for Automotive Abstracts.......... 55

14. Application Form for Deposit Account Scheme.. 56

15. Knowledge Centre Membership Details............. 56

16. Knowledge Centre Annual Membership Form.... 57

3Day Proficiency Improvement Programme (PIP)

ARAI ACADEMY

Announces

13 & 15 May 2019

SAVE THE DATE Learn from Industry Expert!

Engineers & Designers working on Vehicle & Engine Development need to validate their designs & improvements through testing. Thus,Engine Testing on Engine Dynamometer & Vehicle Testing on Chassis Dynamometer as well as on road / track be come essential part of validation.Under Vehicle Testing: Performance, Emission, Noise, Safety &

EMI/EM Care important aspects which will be covered. Component test will also be high lighted. Under Engine Testing: Test Cell Integration, Engine Performance & Emission will be covered.Visit is planned to VRDE,Ahmednagar & FEV,Talegaon.Based on this training, an awareness will be created which can be

followed by future training programme on EngineTesting & Certification as well as Automotive Testing & Certification.ARAIA cademy invites you to understand about Vehicle &

EngineTesting along with Industry Experts.

PIP Overview:

What's in it for you? Test Cell Equipment Layout Test bed Commissioning Activities Engine and Chassis Dynamometer Engine Calibration Design

Validation Plan Performance Testing Static & Dynamic Testing of Vehicle Vehicle Component Testing Test Tracks

Pricing Category Registration fees per person (incl. 18% Goods Service Tax)

Industry Professionals Rs.15,000 + Rs. 2700 = Rs. 17,700

Teaching Faculty Rs.9,000 + Rs. 1620 = Rs. 10,620Student Rs.6,000 + Rs. 1080 = Rs. 7,080

Note: ARAI reserves the rights to change the dates, schedule, contents, speakers,venue etc. for the programme without any notice.

Contact for More Details & Registration

This training is useful for all industry professionals, who needs to have comprehensive understanding in the domain of : Vehicle/Engine manufacturers,Component manufacturers Organisation involved in Automotive research,Vehicle testing,Engine testing & Crtification, Calibration, Design & Development, etc. Personnel working in Vehicle or Engine Testing Students / Professors / PhD Scholars

Who Should Attend ?

Why wait?RegisterSoon !

at ARAI-FID,Chakan, Pune

03

Vehicle & Engine Testing

Mr. N.A. Deshmukh/Mr. Sameer BendhariPhone: 02135-396690/91/93/95

Email: [email protected] , [email protected]

th th

PROFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS Vol. 45, No. 5, May 2019


ARAI ACADEMY

Announces3 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme (PIP)


In today’s times of Globalization it is essential to widen the knowledge base of Individuals. Metallurgy is a vital basis of every major engineering field, it contributes to all engineering applications where a materials are used and is a full gamut of engineering product/process design. It focus is on translating complex principles & procedures into easy to understand terms that will enable participants to gain understanding of fundamental of metallurgy; bridging the gap between theory and practice. This training provides concise knowledge of metallurgy with a focus on industry applications for working professionals/ engineers (design, maintenance, manufacturing, service, sales, and purchase dept). As such it is essential to have an understanding of what metals are, how they behave, and why they behave differently than ceramics, glass, and plastics. This will help to obtain optimum properties for a given condition, to save money and enhance customer satisfaction. It is also important to understand how they can be made stronger or more corrosion resistant, how they can be shaped by casting,forging, forming, machining, or welding, and how these processes can alter properties. This ASM course provides an important knowledge who are not metallurgists, and it covers up metallurgy from history of metals to its fabrication into usable products.The Faculty for program comprises of Senior Materials Engineering Professionals from Industry & Senior Educationists.

PIP Overview:

What's in it for you?

History of metals Steel and Cast Iron Making of Steels and Deformation of Metals Strengthening Mechanisms Corrosion & its Prevention Testing of Mechanical Properties Solidification of Metals Non Ferrous Metals & their Applications Heat - Treatment of Steels Metallogphy & Practicals Joining of Metals Characterization of Metal Metallography Quality Control & Failure Analysis


IndustryProfessionals Rs. 10,000 + Rs. 1,800 = Rs. 11,800

Teaching Faculty Rs. 8,000 + Rs. 1,440 = Rs. 9,440

Student Rs. 5,000 + Rs. 900 = Rs. 5,900



Metallurgy for Non-Metallurgist

th st29 –31 May 2019At ARAI-FID, Chakan, Pune


Mr. N. A. Deshmukh/ Mr. Sameer BendhariPhone: 02135‐396690/91/95

Email: [email protected]; [email protected];[email protected];

Website: www.araiindia.com; academy.araiindia.com

Who is it for ?This t ra in ing is usefu l for a l l industry professionals, who needs to have comprehensive understanding of Metallurgy and working in area of: Design Dept., Product Design & Development, R&D, Service Engineers, Inspection, Testing, Quality Control, Assurance & Improvement, CAE and Metallurgy & techno commercial activity will benefit by attending this program. Manufacturing Shop Floor, Shift engineer / manager Sales, Business Development & Marketing Purchase, Vendor development & Supply chain Also working engineers / managers working as Supervisors, Engineers, Technicians, Graduate / Diploma Engineers and Executives, who need to work & analyse materials data & quality issues.


ARAI ACADEMY

Announces



Workshop Overview:



Industry Professionals Rs.5,000 + Rs.900 = Rs. 5,900

Teaching Faculty Rs.3,000 + Rs. 540 = Rs. 3,540

Student Rs.2,000 + Rs. 360 = Rs. 2,360



Who is it for

Today, due to advancement in automotive technology, transit agencies are focusing on new mobility options to ensure a better, reliable, secure and cost effective service in public transportation sector. With this indigenization of the technology, customer want to look, book and transact through the cell phones. The network that operates at the backend is the tested technology. The systems includes a strong Control unit, Internet of Things (IoT) and the Telematics. Additionally, Shared Mobility will help in scale of economics, support cleaner & greener environment and mitigate traffic congestion typically in metro cities.To get peek at the various aspects of Shared Mobility, ARAI invites you to participate in the one day event on Shared Mobility.

1 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme on

Shared Mobility

at ARAI-FID, Chakan, Pune

rd03 June 2019

Shared Mobility- Concepts and Understanding Telematics Internet of Things (IoT) Technology governing the Shared Mobility Network Charging Infrastructure for Shared EVs

This training is useful for those, who need to have comprehensiveunderstanding of Shared Mobility and are:

Working on Telematics, Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud storage, etc. Technicians / Engineers / Managers / Start-ups. Experts specialized in Connected Mobility. Teaching Professionals & Engineering Students

Mr. N. A. Deshmukh/ Mr. N. R. Shimpi/ Mr. Sameer BendhariPhone: 02135-396690/91/95

Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]


ARAI ACADEMY

Announces3 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme (PIP)


Casting is the oldest manufacturing process and has inherent advantages of Design flexibility, high production rate and ability to produce large & complex shapes. Challenges to Indian Metal Casting Industries are high Cost of technology (Modern equipment’s), Cost of energy and Environment pollutions. The focus is more on Quality (not on the Quantity), Right at first & every time, Waste reduction (improving the productivity), Defect prevention (not on defect rectification) and Reduction in lead time (design & produce). Due to globalisation, Indian foundry must understand changing global scenario, should witness new challenges to face new opportunities to grab.This course introduces the process of metal casting and provides a broad picture of casting production from designer’s perspective. It illustrates the technology, complexity involved, types of castings, casting design, process selection, methoding, casting tools & equipment’s & quality assurance and key safety and environmental regulations & competitiveness. A detailed coverage of iron melting, solidifications & related processes, metallurgy of casting process & product and identifying casting defects & remedies will be discussed. Characterisation & properties of iron & aluminium alloys and their general applications along with decision making process will be discussed.The speakers selected for each topic are experts in their field and bring along a rich experience of theory and its application, and has through understanding of Automotive industry requirements.The course is designed for participants having no prior metallurgical training & has basic understanding of simple chemistry and physics.

PIP Overview:



IndustryProfessionals Rs. 10,000 + Rs. 1,800 = Rs. 11,800

Teaching Faculty Rs. 8,000 + Rs. 1,440 = Rs. 9,440

Student Rs. 5,000 + Rs. 900 = Rs. 5,900



At ARAI-FID, Chakan, Pune


Mr. N. A. Deshmukh/ Mr. Sameer BendhariPhone: 02135‐396690/91/95

Email: [email protected]; [email protected];[email protected];


Who is it for ?

Foundry Technology

th th10 -12 June 2019

Introduction to Sand and Die Casting OE’s Expectation from Casting Manufacturing and Gearing up for Future Automotive Regulations (Euro 5 / Euro 6) through Casting Types of Castings and Future Automotive Engine requirements Identify Design related failureMethoding of Ferrous Casting NDT for Casting Defect Detection Casting Tools & Equipments, Quality Assurance and Factory Automation

Melting and Processing of Al, Zn and Mn Alloys (Die Casting)

This training is useful for all industry professionals, who needs to have comprehensive understanding of Failure Analysis and working in area of:

Design Dept., Product Design & Development, R&D, Service Engineers, Inspection, Testing, Quality Control, Assurance & Improvement, CAE and Metallurgy & techno commercial activity will benefit by attending this program. Manufacturing Shop Floor, Shift engineer / manager Sales, Business Development & Marketing Purchase, Vendor development & Supply chain Also working engineers / managers working as Supervisors, Engineers, Technicians, Graduate / Diploma Engineers and Executives, who need to work & analyse materials data & quality issues



ARAI ACADEMY

Announces



PIP Overview:



Industry Professionals Rs.18,000 + Rs.3,240 = Rs.21,240.00


Student Rs.6,000 + Rs. 1080.= Rs.7,080.00



Who should Attend ?

3 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme on

at ARAI-FID, Chakan, Pune

Working on Telematics, Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud storage, etc. Technicians / Engineers / Managers / Start-ups. Experts specialized in Connected Mobility. Teaching Professionals & Engineering Students

Automotive NVH

th th12 - 14 June 2019

Today’s need of automotive industry is to develop a vehicle with low noise and high comfort. Using engineering principles, it is possible to design such vehicle in the cost effective manner and engineer to analyze the noise for quieter product design, the conceptual knowledge of sound & vibration fields and their interaction with each other is essential. NVH is the most important area to be addressed by the designer in order to satisfy the customer as well as to meet the noise norms. Noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) plays a huge role in the decisions all engineers make in the automotive industry. Let’s join to understand Basics of Acoustics, Fundamental of Vibration & its control in Automobile, Transducers & Signal Processing, Overview of Automotive NVH, Automotive NVH Strategy, NVH Issues of Hybrid & Electric Vehicles, Exterior Noise & Pass-by, Powertrain NVH, Fundamentals of Vehicle Sound Quality, Intake & Exhaust Noise, Automotive Sound Packaging & much more.Excellent opportunity to discuss Automotive NVH challenges with expert from ARAI NVH laboratory.

Understand Basics of Acoustics Fundamental of Vibration & its control in Automobile Transducers & Signal Processing Overview of Automotive NVH Automotive NVH Strategy NVH Issues of Hybrid & Electric VehiclesExterior Noise & Pass-by Powertrain NV Fundamentals of Vehicle Sound

Quality Intake & Exhaust Noise Automotive Sound Packaging

This training is useful for al l industry professionals, who needs to have comprehensive understanding in the domain of:

Mr. N. A. Deshmukh/ Mr. Sameer Bendhari Phone: 02135 – 396690/91/95

Email: [email protected]; [email protected];[email protected]; [email protected]

Mr. S Bendhari / Mr. P.A. Diwanji/ Mr. N.A. DeshmukhPhone: 02135 – 396695/93/91/90

E‐mail ID: [email protected]

ARAI ACADEMY

Announces



PIP Overview:



Industry Professionals Rs.20,000 + Rs.3,600 = Rs.23,600


Student Rs.8,000 + Rs. 1440.= Rs.9,440

4 Day Proficiency Improvement Programme (PIP



Who should Attend ?

at ARAI-FID, Chakan, Pune18th to 21st June 2019

By 2026, the vision of the Indian Automotive Industry is to make India among the top three countries of the world in terms of Engineering, Manufacturer & Export of Vehicle & Auto components. Due to the shrinking life‐cycle of new vehicles and models, the vehicle manufacturers have to keep an eye on the future to sustain in the competitive global markets. The amazing advancements in automotive technology have been driven by market preferences of the ever demanding customer and the opportunity presented by the new technology. At the same time, the new regulations regarding vehicle performance, safety, emission, clean air and fuel consumption have changed the way vehicles are designed and manufactured today. This programme encompasses fundamentals of Automotive Engineering and some of the latest technologies & regulatory aspects in India.ARAI Academy invites you to understand about Engine Automotive Engineering along with Industry Experts.

Automotive Engineering

Fundamentals of Automotive Engineering Engine Design Development & CombustionAlternate Fuel TechnologyElectric & Hybrid VehiclesFuel Cell Vehicle TechnologyEngine Combustion, EmissionAutomotive Safety

Organizations involved in Engine R&D and Testing

Vehicle & Component Manufacturers.

Engine Manufacturers

Engine related Component Manufacturers

Engine Manufacturing, Assembly & Service Engineers

Engineering /Consulting Companies

Engineering Students/ Professors / PhD Scholars

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 06 Vol. 45, No. 5, May 2019

Get Trained on the latest Automotive Topics Anywhere, Anytime… Become a Certified Expert

ePIP Benefits:

• All online courses are flexible in

nature. i.e. 24 x 7 operational

• Easy to monitor learner’s activity to

know their course current status

• Hands-on practice in virtual

environment

• Very engaging due to interactive

slides which improves learners

knowledge absorption and retention

• Certificate which help learners for

their career advancement.

Course Content:

• Introduction to Reliability

Engineering (Including Bathtub

Curve, Failure Rate Behavior)

• Reliability Statistics and Distributions

• Life Data Analysis

(Using Minitab software)

• Warranty Data Analysis

• Reliability Block Diagrams

• Reliability Testing Methods

(ALT, HALT, HASS, ESS, etc.)

• Sample Size in Reliability Testing

RELIABILITYENGINEERING

ENGINE ELECTRONICS& MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS (EEMS)

Course Content:

• Fundamentals of Automotive

Electronics

• ECU, Microcontrollers and Memories

• Sensors and Actuators

• Automotive Control Systems

• Engine Management System

• Calibration and Diagnostics

• Standards

ePIP Highlights:

• Latest and up-to-date content

• Highly interactive, engaging and

effective

• Real-life industry examples

• Hands-on practice in virtual

environment

• Pre and Post assessments to assess

learner’s knowledge.

• Certificate on passing the Final

Assessment

EEMS ePIP is jointly prepared by ARAI and Robert Bosch

FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGYCourse Content:

• Basic Introduction of Fuel Cells

• Structure and Working of Fuel Cells

• Classification, Advantages and

Applications of Fuel Cells

• Benefits, Performance and Losses in

Fuel Cells

• Thermodynamic Analysis

• PEMFC Design Challenges of Fuel

Cells

• Hydrogen Production, Storage &

Handling

Category(Prices excluding tax)

ReliabilityEngineering EEMS

Fuel CellTechnology

For more details, proposals & partnership please contact: Dr. K. C. Vora, Sr. Dy. Director & Head, ARAI Academy at [email protected]: The Automotive Research Association of India, S.No.102, Vetal Hill, Off Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune - 411 038. Ph: 020 3023 1190/93

ARAI FID: ARAI Forging Industry Division, Plot No. B-16/1, MIDC, Chakan, Taluka Khed, Pune - 410 501. Ph: 02135 396660 / 61Websites: www.araiindia.com & http://academy.araiindia.com

Contact Information:Mr. Rajesh Patil

Dy. GM, ARAI Academy

The Automotive ResearchAssociation of India

(ARAI)

B-16/1, MIDC Chakan, Taluka Khed,Dist. Pune - 410 501 (INDIA)

Contact :02135-396690 / 92 / 95

Email : [email protected]@araiindia.com,

[email protected]

Student

Faculty

Corporate Individual

Corporate Perpetual (15 Licenses - 1 year)

2500

4000

7000

50000

1000

1600

3000

20000

7500

12500

20000

150000

ONLINE LEARNING COURSES (ePIP)


TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

07

ILLUSTRATIONFOLLOWING IS AN EXAMPLE OFHOW TO READ THE ABSTRACT

Subject Title ACTIVE & PASSIVE SAFETY

Abstract No.

Title

Author

Source

Abstract

Keywords by

2019 E 01

A NEW ALGORITHM FOR NON-LINEARBENDING ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN TRACTOR ROPS CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

To limit the risk of fatal injury to the driver in the case of an agricultural tractor roll-over, the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Code-4 standard mandates the use of a Roll over Protective Structure (ROPS). The primary function of a ROPS is to absorb the energy of tractor roll-over without deforming into the safety zone. Designing a ROPS structure to meet the above mentioned requirement is highly challenging due to its non-linear behavior during deformation. Basically there are two types of nonlinearity involved in ROPS design- (i) Material non-linearity: as major portion of the energy absorption should happen in the plastic range. ( i i ) Geometr ic non- l inear i ty : as large displacements lead to change in the location of applied load. Literature is abundant with closed formed solution of nonlinear deflection in beams, taking account of either geometric nonlinearity or material nonlinearity, but not both. Currently, commercially available nonlinear finite element (FE) solvers are used for detailed design and analysis of ROPS. However, these solvers are very costly, and require detailed inputs which is difficult to provide in initial stage of design, being a limitation for quicker & multiple design iterations. In this paper, authors are proposing a new algorithm for performing nonlinear structural analysis on a cantilever beam having rectangular cross-section. Using extension of Euler- Bernoulli beam theory, this algorithm incorporates material nonlinearities (bi-linear stress strain curve) and geometric nonlinearities simultaneously. This approach can be used for simple as well as complex load-cases & beam-geometry. This algorithm is further extended to perform the nonlinear structural analysis on a two post ROPS. The results are verified with ABAQUS [1], achieving good correlation. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) based application in MATLAB [2] has been created and deployed for the utility of designers. In the GUI, the designer has to provide the parametric geometry of ROPS with material properties and clearance space geometry, which are used to determine the energy absorption capacity of the ROPS. Here, designer can perform multiple design iterations within few minutes for preliminary fixing of ROPS geometry during conceptual phase. Currently, this algorithm is applicable for analysing deformation of ROPS in longitudinal load case only, and it has been planned to extend it for analysing lateral & crushing load cases in the next phase (AUTH)

Keywords : Nonlinear Bending, ROPS, MATLAB, GUI

Claims for “Non-Receipt” of issues should be sent within three month of the issue date to [email protected] & [email protected]

ACTIVE & PASSIVE SAFETY

Singh, Prashant Kumar et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress,2 – 5 O c t o b e r 2 0 1 8 , C h e n n a i , Paper No.: F2018-APS-063

2019 E 02

ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL OF V2X PEDESTRIAN COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS IN INDIA AND GERMANY

Sakpal, Amogh et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-APS-046

https://www.fisita- congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-APS-046

State-of-the-art collision avoidance and collision mitigation systems predict the behavior of pedestrians based on trivial models that assume a constant acceleration or velocity and heading. Additional information received from external sources, for e.g. consumer electronic devices, can enhance pedestrian behavior models, which can in turn improve the accuracy of the predicted pedestrian trajectory. The crossing behavior of pedestrians is dependent on personal and external factors, which likely differ between cultures and countries of residence. For the design of enhanced pedestrian safety systems it is important to know the willingness of pedestrians to share personal data with other traffic participants and if it differs between cultures and countries. Based on an identification of prediction-relevant data, an online survey was conducted in India and Germany to evaluate the acceptance and cultural differences for data sharing based on different levels of aggregation shared for V2P based collision avoidance systems. In view of future development of V2P based collision avoidance systems, conditions for data sharing and their influence on data sharing willingness were also investigated in this survey. The results show that German participants in general show a lower acceptance towards higher detailed data sharing, i.e. when low anonymity is provided, as compared to Indian participants. Willingness to share data is further influenced by general conditions for data sharing such as data storage duration, location and activation of data sharing (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Pedestrian safety, V2X, smartphones, survey, questionnaire

2019 E 03

AUTOMOBILE FIRE ACCIDENTS AND OCCUPANT SAFETY

Sivanandan, K and Eeshan, Geel


https://www.fisita- congress.com/programme/ sessions/F2018-APS-064

Automobile fire, an uncontrolled burning of the vehicle has long been a topic of interest and concern. Car fires can be caused due to Fuel system leaks, Engine overheating, Electrical system failures and accidents. It is a surprising fact that in many car fire cases, except for some major accidents, the occupants are conscious enough to get out of the car but still they fail to extricate themselves. When we analysed the fatality instances, investigations / eyewitness reports revealed that vehicle occupants were entrapped in car due to jammed Doors. In some cases, even onlookers were unable to open the door from outside to help the occupants escape. Also, the Society of Indian Manufacturers (SIAM) Research Study reveals that majority of car fire accident fatalities are due to doors getting jammed. In

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countries like India, where installing Glass breaking Hammer in a vehicle is not mandatory, the threat posed by car fire to Occupant safety is very serious. Analysing the customer's / eyewitness voice, we are bound to believe that even the mechanical door unlock system fails in case of fire. There are certain drawbacks in the current door opening mechanism. While opening the door, the pull of inside handle actuates the Latch pawl mechanism through other sub components. In general, the components involved in this mechanism are made up of Plastic. Any Deformation or melting of Plastic parts can make the entire system inoperative and result in failure of door opening. The same phenomenon holds true for door outside handle operation. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand the failure of operation of current system in fire accidents and develop a mechanism to operate the door latch even if it catches fire or electrical system fails to operate it. The idea is to manually actuate the pawl directly with the help of a key or selectively improving the material to withstand the fire temperature. Part level simulation of fire accident was conducted on the existing Mechanism in the lab and it resulted in the failure of door opening. However, the actual vehicles which were damaged in the fire accident were not examined. And also, there are less than 10% of vehicle fires which are caused by collisions. There may be cases where the door unlock mechanism gets physically deformed due to severe impact of collision. In such unavoidable cases, the proposed mechanism may physically deform and fail to serve the purpose. This paper elaborates the approach to the main cause and provides an innovative solution to overcome. Related ideas to unlock the door during emergency fire exit involve either complicated sensors & feedback system or Pyrotechnic telescopic actuators which are quite bulky, complex and not feasible for mass production. The proposed mechanism eliminates the use of complex feedback system and integrates the operations inside a single component. Also, it is necessary to adopt the safety system in Lower segment cars – where the manufacturer is less likely to use a complex feedback system due to its cost factor. So, this mechanism paves way to manufacturers to consider the necessary safety system at affordable cost (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Occupant safety, Emergency Fire Exit, Automobile Fire Accidents, Direct Latch Actuation

2019 E 04

CALIBRATION OF PEDESTRIAN DETECTION SENSING SYSTEMS USING CAE GENERATED DEPLOYABLE & IMMUNITY LOAD CASES.

Krishnappa, Rajendra Prasad et al


https://www.fisita-congress.com/ programme/sessions/F2018- APS-081

Meeting global pedestrian protection requirements for regulatory compliance and consumer metrics with passive hood designs can be challenging for some vehicle designs due to factors such as vehicle hood strength, regulatory requirements and engine packaging constraints. Use of a deployable hood to provide the necessary deformation space enables meeting pedestrian protection requirements. The objective of this study is to show how math modelling methods can be used to lead the design of parts that surround the active hood sensor for effective pedestrian detection sensor calibrations. The use of a pressure tube sensor in the front bumper energy absorber to sense a pedestrian impact is an effective method found on production

automobiles. Calibrating the pressure tube sensors for discriminating between pedestrian impactors and immunity impactors can be a big challenge. In this study, different approaches were captured using Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) to influence the pressure sensors' signal. Design variables considered in the study involve bumper foam geometry, density, proximity to surrounding parts, and other parameters which influence foam's compression and subsequent pressure signal to the sensors. In this paper, the pressure signal across the width of the vehicle for different Pedestrian impactors and immunity impactors is shown. This study demonstrates how pedestrian detection pressure tube predictions will help the designer early in a program's timing to balance the foam profile for the pedestrian detection sensing signal, passive pedestrian protection, and aesthetics. CAE model is correlated to physical test data. Limitations including plastic material models and fascia/grille clip model assumptions are outlined. Comparison of the pressure signal between the Pedestrian detection Impactor (PDI2) and the Human Body Model is limited. The paper outlines a technique of using CAE predictions to calibrate pedestrian protection pressure tube sensors before physical hardware is available. Since the CAE based evaluations are completed early in a program's timing, CAE driven designs can result in successful pedestrian detection impacts and immunity impact calibrations with less physical tests (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Energy Absorber (Pedestrian Foam), Pressure Tube, Calibration, Pressure Signal

2019 E 05

COMBINED FORWARD-BACKWARD APPROACH FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF POWERED TWO WHEELER ACCIDENTS WITH INJURY CRITERIA ASSESSMENT

Bońkowski, Tomasz and Hynčík, Luděk



The powered two-wheeler (PTW) accidents have usually critical consequences. The goal of the presented work is to make the use of PTWs safer by contribution to minimizing consequences of the rider injuries, when an accident occurs. The work focuses on the exploitation of two main accident reconstruction approaches (forward and backward) by combining them together (forward-backward approach). The work also exploits the simulation of the combined multibody system (MBS) with the finite element method (FEM) to obtain a detailed analysis in a reasonable computational time. The applied combined forward-backward approach enables to find the cause and affects the relationship between the outcome injuries of the rider and the states of the system, which occurred between the pre- and post-crash phases by assessing the injury criteria implementing scalable hybrid human body model. The work shall further serve as a study for a personal protective equipment optimization (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Virtual human body model, accident reconstruction, impact, injury criteria assessment

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2019 E 06

COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIAN ROAD ACCIDENT DATA TO ENRICH ROAD SAFETY

Chinmoy, Pal et al


https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018- APS-084

MoRTH 2016 annual report clearly indicated that the number (150,785) of road accident fatalities are increasing every year in India. Also, number of accident severity cases were increased by 7.9% compared to CY2015.Hence, it is an important task to find out the accident characteristics on Indian roads in order to implement appropriate cost effective safety measures to reduce the fatalities. The objective of this study is to properly identify the main road safety issues in India using MoRTH and ADAC, NATRiP accident databases based on a triple-layer approach (i) “Society”: factors related to infra-structure (ii) “Individual”: factors related to Human factors and (iii) “Vehicle”: factors related to Vehicle. At first, macro accident analysis was performed on MoRTH 2016 data and then followed by micro accident analysis carried out with ADAC, NATRiP accident data (National Highway-08). In order to identify the characteristics for those NH-08 accidents, a data mining approach Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method was applied. Micro-accident analysis results indicate that more signal availability (30%) in urban areas compared to that in rural areas leads to less intersection accidents. Improper driving-manner (30%), improper lane-change (16%), failing to use restraint system (29%) are some of the important elements related to individual. Rear crashes (54%), angled/side crashes at junctions (14%), accidents caused by trucks (48%), and hitting stranded parked-vehicles (24%) are the influential factors related to vehicles. Five basic traffic injury patterns are revealed by SOM analysis within ADAC-NATRiP data and a few countermeasures were proposed for each group separately (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Road Safety, Accidents, Self-Organizing Maps, NATRiP, MoRTH

2019 E 07

DEVELOPMENT OF OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR FUTURESEATING POSITIONS IN FULLY OR SEMI AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

SengottuVelavan, Surya and Huf, Andreas



The advent of fully autonomous vehicles has inspired automotive interior designers to rethink the vehicle interior space. A pre-defined driving position might no longer be a necessity. Flexible seating positions which enable more space and comfort for the occupants during travel have been shown in various studies and concept vehicles. The question is however, how realistic are these positions when considering occupant safety? The objective of this study is to show the challenges that exist for a selection of these positions and discuss possible solutions. The main focus of the study are seats rotated 90° and 180° to the direction of travel and seats which enable possible sleeping positions (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Occupant restraint systems; autonomous vehicle (AV), future seating positions, alternate seating configuration, crash/sled testing, simulation, ATD

2019 E 08

MODEL-BASED CALIBRATION OF THE LATERAL CONTROLLERS “STEER-BY-ANGLE” AND “STEER-BY TORQUE” OF A LANE KEEPING ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

Pfeffer, Peter E. et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-VDY-105

https://www.fisita congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-VDY-105

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) such as Lane Keeping Assistance (LKA) systems are in the focus of current vehicle developments. Of special interest is the calibration task, which plays an increasingly decisive role in early development stages. At this point it is essential to analyse the precalibrated controller concepts by appropriate simulation methods. A software tool chain is introduced, using Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) for the evaluation and calibration of the LKA system. Within, a Design-of-Experiment (DoE) tool is integrated together with the simulation environment. This enables the examination of the two different lateral controller concepts “Steer-by-Angle” (SbA) and “Steer-by-Torque” (SbT). Their lateral guidance performance is characterized by “Objective Parameters” (OP), which are derived from simulation quantities of straight line- and cornering manoeuvres. Further, statistical behavior models are generated based on those OP and controller design variables. The subsequent optimization process leads to high performances of both controllers. In particular, the SbA controller shows higher efficiency under the impact of disturbances as well as the reference reaction with lower settling times. Overall, the established software tool chain for LKA system evaluation and calibration allows detailed assessments of both control algorithms and provides a platform for the calibration tasks in the development of LKA systems (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Lateral vehicle dynamics, model-based calibration, advanced driver assistance systems, steering systems, autonomous driving

2019 E 09

MODULAR TEST FIXTURE FOR OCCUPANT RESTRAINT SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TESTS

B.V. Sudarshan et al



Sled testing is widely used methodology in the development, verification and validation of Occupant Restraint System (ORS) design specifications, packaging and feasibility assessment study for robust occupant safety performance requirements during the early vehicle design phase. The sled tests involve fabrication of a program specific buck (ruggedized BIW) for mounting the components such as seats, dashboard, steering system, seatbelts etc. Multiple tests can be conducted to study the sensitivity of restraints systems on occupant injury with no damage to vehicle body structure [1]. The objective of this study was to develop a single test fixture which can replicate the interior environment of multiple vehicle programs. This test fixture should be modular to incorporate different mounting locations of test components with minimal structural modifications and position adjustments. The modular test fixture was conceptualized considering multiple vehicle programs and finalized based on CAE analysis of the

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fixture structure. This modular test fixture can be used for testing different vehicle configurations ranging from a small car to a large utility vehicle with only relative position adjustments between the different restraint components, providing considerable savings in time and cost (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Occupant Restraints System (ORS), Sled test, Body-In-White (BIW), Crash pulse, Cross car beam (CCB)

2019 E 10

NUDGING DRIVERS TO ENGAGE SAFE BEHAVIOUR IN TRAFFIC

Op den Camp, Olaf et al


https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-APS-032

To increase traffic safety, systems are being implemented in vehicles that support drivers to avoid or mitigate collisions. Generally, these systems only provide a response to the driver in case of an imminent critical situation. Responses in the form of warning signals and brake or steering actuations are harsh, as they act in the last one to two seconds before a possible impact. Solutions need to be developed that lead to both higher effectiveness and higher comfort, that engage safe behavior by being more proactive, and that are accepted by road users. The Horizon 2020 MeBeSafe project focuses on so-called real time “nudging feedback” measures that aim to guide drivers towards desired behavior before situations get critical. Such feedback -keeping the driver in the loop- is given earlier and more often. The research described in this paper focuses on online (in the vehicle) compilation and enrichment of required information for early nudging feedback. As a use case, the interaction between cyclists and passenger cars is taken. In urban areas, critical situations occur when cyclists approaching an intersection are not detected due to the presence of view blocking obstructions, or when cyclists exhibit unexpected trajectories or sudden trajectory changes. When the critical situation develops, either the driver needs to act quickly and forcefully, or an emergency braking system is engaged to prevent a collision. If the driver is informed well in advance of bad visibility regarding approaching traffic and/or of a specific possible collision trajectory, then he or she can swiftly adapt the speed seconds earlier, and a smooth interaction with low risk evolves. To make the driver aware, information is collected regarding the presence of view blocking obstructions, the possibility of traffic entering the intersection, locally applicable traffic rules, critical situations that occurred at the location in the past, the intention (likely trajectories) of traffic participants approaching the intersection, etc. The MeBeSafe project elements focused on here use hazard perception and prediction and cyclist trajectory predictions. The project foresees an elaborate field test of the final nudging solution that will be implemented in a prototype vehicle, with results of extensive field tests arriving in 2019 or 2020. In this paper, results of earlier observation studies dedicated to the validation of hazard prediction and cyclist intent prediction are presented. It is shown how predictive models enrich the information towards the driver to allow early and smooth anticipation to a possibly hazardous situation. Finally, we note that predictive early warning systems of this type can be useful for (semi- or fully) autonomous driving systems as well, to allow them to anticipate better and take better, proactive risk-avoiding actions (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Nudging driver behavior, ADAS, hazard prediction, cyclist intent prediction

2019 E 11

OBJECT DETECTION FOR ADAS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT – AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

B.V. Sudarshan et al



Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS) have begun to attract focus in the automotive market to assist and complement the drivers to develop safe driving practices. Features such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) are being developed to avoid or mitigate accidents. These technologies require a very good object detection capability of all the road users and lane edges/markings both during the day and night driving conditions. The presence of undisciplined multiple road users and absence of proper road infrastructure poses some additional challenges that are unique to the Indian scenario. A single sensor system, which can fulfil all the detection requirements, and overcome the challenges posed by the Indian traffic conditions, will be highly beneficial due to system commonality and cost. The objective of present study was to investigate the applicability of the single vision sensor system and the effectiveness of Near-Infrared (NIR) illumination in object detection for Forward Collision Warning (FCW) System and lane edge and lane markings detection for Lane Departure Warning (LDW) systems (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Forward Collision Warning (FCW), Object Detection; Road Edge Detection, Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Near Infrared (NIR)

2019 E 12

PELVIS ACCELERATION AMPLIFICATION: A POTENTIAL BIOMECHANICAL FACTOR FOR DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A BOOSTER SEAT IN FAR-SIDE SIDE COLLISION

Thorbole, ChandrashekharFISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-APS-051


This study stems from a real-world far-side side impact collision that produced severe cervical spinal cord injury to a 46-month-old girl appropriately positioned in a High Back Booster (HBB). The objective of this study was to introduce and examine Pelvis Acceleration Amplification (PAA) as a potential biomechanical factor to assist the design and evaluation of booster seats in a far-side side impact scenario. MADYMO model is employed to demonstrate the relationship between the Pelvis Acceleration Amplification and the neck distractive load and head excursion values. The validated HBB MADYMO model assembled with a Q3 Side impact ATD and the vehicle rear compartment is utilized for the study. The assembled model is used to run the parametric study, to analyse the influence of seatbelt pretension and rigid ISOFIX on the neck response in far-side side impact scenario. MADYMO model shows a good kinematics correlation with the side impact sled test. The velocity-time diagram facilitated a better understanding of relative motion between the vehicle seat, booster seat and the Q3 Child ATD. Pelvis velocity exceeded the lateral vehicle velocity with seatbelt slack and no rigid ISOFIX increasing the pelvis acceleration amplification. The study shows the proportional

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relationship between the pelvis acceleration amplification, neck distractive load, and, head excursion values. Pelvis acceleration amplification is a useful biomechanical indicator to assess booster seat performance in a far-side side-impact collision. This indicator offers a potential method to improve the booster design, especially for far-side side impact scenario. The vehicle seatbelt pretension and the booster seat rigid ISOFIX work together to increase the level of child protection in far-side impact configurations. However, there is no benefit of rigid ISOFIX alone in the absence of seatbelt pretension; the pelvis velocity overshoots the lateral vehicle velocity increasing the pelvis acceleration amplification factor. The neck tensile loads and lateral head excursions show a proportional relationship with the pelvis acceleration amplification factor (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Side Impacts, Far-Side, Booster, Pretensioner, ISOFIX

2019 E 13

SENSITIVITY STUDY OF PLASTIC MATERIAL FAILURE AND COUNTER MEASURE TO IMPROVE THE ECE R17 SEAT BACK ENERGY ABSORPTION

Hunagund Gajanan and Li-Ban Chiu



ECE R17 seat back energy absorption test is critical for limiting head injury of the passenger in the rear seat during frontal impact. The challenge is to meet opposing requirements for the head restraint; it needs to be provide soft impact to head while meeting the other strength requirements. In the physical test, the plastic handle used for dumping the seat cracked and the 3ms clip was met by a margin of 3%. Sharp edges observed on the plastic handle was not acceptable even though the acceleration requirement was met. The objective of this study is to correlate the plastic handle failure in the test with CAE and to develop counter measures to mitigate the risk due to direct contact of the head form on the plastic handle thus avoiding failure of the plastic handle. LS Dyna is used to simulate the seat back (Head Restraint System) energy absorption test. The impact load from the free moving head form was transferred to the head restraint foam and then to the top mounted plastic handle on seat back, which resulted in failure of the plastic handle. The baseline CAE model did not show failure for the plastic handle. The material model used for the plastic handle is updated with a MAT_024 material model with plastic failure strain defined as 1%. This is found to give better correlation of the plastic failure happening in the test. Then countermeasure was developed using the correlated model to absorb energy thus transferring less load to the plastic handle. The performance has been validated using physical test. The analysis results helped to understand influence of material failure definition of plastic components. In addition, how effectively MAT_024 card with failure can be used to improve correlation. Variation in the material properties of the plastic handle due to manufacturing process is not considered in this study (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Head Impact; ECE R17; Seat (Head Restraint System) Energy absorption

2019 E 14

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF CRASH PAD PAB DOOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINE

Yonggon Moon et al


https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-APS-112

Passenger Airbag is a device to protect the passenger in the event of a collision. To ensure deployment stability of Airbag, the cushion should not be disturbed during deployment and support the high force produced during deployment. The door is a structure that binds the cushion at the time of deployment and opens it at the right time to guide the cushion deployment. The task was performed with the goal of establishing a design guide for the door hinge structure to ensure deployment stability (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: PAB (Passenger Air Bag), PAB-Door, deployment factor, optimization, design guide

2019 E 15

VEHICLE “SUB-STRUCTURING” STRATEGIES FOR FASTER CRASH SIMULATIONS

Dwivedi, Rajesh et al



Crash load cases usually take longer simulation times due to the highly nonlinear nature of the analysis and complexity of the simulation models. In this paper, a sub structuring approach is proposed for faster simulation turnaround time, by partitioning complex vehicle system into simple sub structure model. The boundary conditions of the substructure models are identified based on the deformation of the critical load path members, vehicle kinematics, resistance force and energy absorption etc. Low speed, pedestrian & Door intrusion load cases are demonstrated in this paper using substructure approach. In case of Low speed impact, the vehicle front end deformation energy is considered as a critical parameter to define the boundary conditions of the sub structure model. Similar approach is followed to define other load cases and the developed sub structure models show good correlation with corresponding full vehicle CAE models. This approach enables the engineers to make quick decisions and faster design convergence during virtual validation phase. From the results, it has been concluded that more than 60% of simulation time is reduced which in turn leads to huge simulation cost & time saving during product design cycle (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: LsDyna, Substructure, Low Speed, Side Door Intrusion, Crash Safety

2019 E 16

VIRTUAL ASSESSMENT OF MOTORCYCLE HELMET CONTRIBUTION TO DECREASING INJURY RISK IN IMPACT

Hynčík, Luděk et al


https://www.fisita congress.com/programme/sessions/ F2018-APS-077

Road traffic accidents cause one of the highest numbers of severe injuries. Virtual biomechanical human body models play an

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AUTONOMOUS & CONNECTED VEHICLES

2019 E 17

AFFORDABLE AND EFFICIENT AUTONOMOUS DRIVING IN ALLWEATHER CONDITIONS

Shadrin, Sergey

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October

2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-ACV- 059

https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-ACV-059

One of the challenges in autonomous road vehicles is designing a system that is applicable in all-weather conditions. An original hybrid navigation system with RTK DGPS is used for this purpose. The challenges of affordability and driving efficiency are solved with a novel approach of precisely compiling track data for autonomous driving (geodata, inclines, speed limits, coefficients of fuel consumption and ecological efficiency, weather limitations, etc.). The notion of a “base track” is introduced, which is a high-accuracy spatial driving route that contains additional datasets for the vehicle's optimal control with respect to the requested transport task, road, and traffic conditions. The base track concept conditionally transforms an autonomous car into rail transport with a virtual railway and simplifies all the challenges of the tactical level of vehicle control. The advantages of the base track data structure include the predetermined variability of control actions on the route, depending on the tasks of time saving, energy efficiency, or safety; increased reliability; reduced requirements for on-board computing power; and improved performance. The proposed approach provides autonomous highway driving and supports lane-keeping assistance systems in cases of failure to visually recognize road markings. Fuel consumption was optimized for autonomous driving mode on a hilly test road over a distance of 200 km and showed up to 4% of fuel savings for a passenger car in comparison with constant-speed driving and the same trip time (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Autonomous Driving, Undetermined Weather Conditions, Eco-Driving, Efficient Driving, Intelligent Speed Control

2019 E 18

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE AS AN INDEPENDENT TRANSPORT SOLUTION FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

Mohammed, Aamir VT et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 208, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-ACV- 062

https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-ACV-062

Travelling is one of the common activities in a person's daily routine. However, this can be a challenging proposition for persons with disabilities and can be a limiting factor for their aspirations in life, as there is certain level of dependence on others. Emerging technologies in autonomous vehicle domain can be a viable solution. This is due to the fact that the level of skills and physical abilities required to use an autonomous vehicle are considerably less than that of a conventional vehicle, which needs a human at the steering wheel. However, are the systems that are being designed by OEMs in Autonomous vehicles

universal in design, allowing persons with disabilities to use the vehicle easily? Or are there any systems additionally required, that the OEMs should consider incorporating in autonomous vehicles that will help persons with disabilities? This paper will discuss the activities that are involved in the usage of an autonomous vehicle and considerations for OEMs while designing the vehicle to meet the needs of persons with disabilities (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: autonomous, vehicle, car, disabled, differently abled, adapted

2019 E 19

DATA MINING APPLICATIONS FOR VEHICLE TESTING AND DEVELOPMENT

Vertin, Keith and Schuchmann, Brent

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-PTE- 081

https://www.fisita- congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-PTE-081

Vehicle telematics systems are transmitting massive volumes of data that are underutilized during the test, development and production lifecycle. Analysing all of this data is challenging, not only due to size but also because of the variability that is encountered during on-road driving. Vehicle performance is affected by drive route, road grade, traffic, weather, and vocation and driver tendencies. This study explores the efficacy of using data mining techniques to predict vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emissions from On Board Diagnostics (OBD) data that may be harvested from telematics data stores. These data mining concepts have potential applications for eco-drive vehicle control system development, real-world emissions factor development for source apportionment models, and the analysis of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) technology impacts on vehicle energy efficiency and emissions (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Emissions, PEMS, data mining, machine learning, predictive modelling

2019 E 20

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FULLY REDUNDANT EPS SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED DRIVE

Kim, Cheon Kyu et al


https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-VDY-111

There is no obligation to observe the driver from the third or more autonomous driving stages, and the steering force must be maintained even if the EPS fails during the autonomous driving mode. For this purpose, all electronic components of EPS must be designed to be robust and redundant, and therefore HW and SW technologies are required for operating systems. HW technologies adopt the duplication technology of EPS electric elements and SW technologies adopt control method and fail operation technology for operating the redundant elements. In this paper, the performance of the system was verified by comparing the newly developed EPS with the conventional EPS (eg, system output evaluation and actual vehicle steering evaluation) (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Fully redundant system, electric power steering, autonomous vehicle, torque sensor, angle sensor

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ELECTRIC & HYBRID VEHICLES

2019 E 21

AN AFFORDABLE APPROACH TOWARDS LOCAL ZERO EMISSION

Weissbaeck, Michael et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-PTE-145

https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-PTE-145

The global automobile industry is rapidly changing towards zero impact mobility with regards to CO2 and Emission. The Indian regulatory provides a clear direction with regards to emission requirements and the key technologies that need to be considered. One key topic for development of conventional powertrains is linked to the Real Drive Emission regulatory that limits NOX and particulates even in cold conditions, hence the efforts for the exhaust after treatment will rise significantly. This paper will provide a possible synergetic pathway of today's conventional technology and electrified powertrains for the Indian market. Starting with an overview on state of the Art solutions for CO2 reduction and NOX improvement for diesel engines. The results of a 48V PHEV with a gasoline engine and an electric axle with 20kW will be illustrated, the limitations highlighted and the system synthesis for a novel scalable 48V solution, enabling higher transient power will be discussed. The new 48V high power topology enables affordable zero emission in inner cities for small to medium size vehicles. The outlook on modularity and boundaries of such a system from 48V MHEV, PHEV up to BEV will be given (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: 48V, Hybrid, RDE, Emissions, High Power, Plug-In

2019 E 22

DC BUS SYSTEM ANALYSIS FOR ELECTRIC AND HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Tiwari, Nidhi et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-EHV-067

https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-EHV-067

In electric and hybrid electric vehicles, High Voltage DC (HV DC) bus is shared by multiple power inverters, converters, charger and energy storage systems. Most of these components comprise switching power devices and hence inject certain amount of ripple current on the HV DC bus during their normal operation. Therefore, each of these components must comply with a standard HV DC bus ripple requirement without disturbing the operation and stability of other components and impacting life expectancy of HV filter components and HV battery. The traction inverter being the highest power rated component in the system, is the major source of electrical ripple. The magnitude and frequency of the ripple on the HV DC bus due to traction inverter, not only depends on motor speed and torque, but also on the inverter control strategy and parameters. Hence, it is very essential to develop a comprehensive model of the electric drive system with all the HV components, motor with control system and a detailed HV DC bus architecture. The model is used to optimize the filter component size on the inverter side to meet HVDC bus ripple and stability requirements. An electric drive system model is developed in MATLAB for the Chevrolet Bolt Electric Vehicle (EV)

platform. The electric drive system model is a detailed one with HV DC bus mechanization, cable impedances, traction inverter and motor with controller software represented as an S-function block. This electric drive model is then connected with other HV components following the HV mechanization and architecture. This enables to carry out the following items: 1. Estimate HV bus resonance by sweeping frequency and ripple by inputting operating points 2. Optimize bulk capacitor size based on worst case operating points 3. Optimize size of inverter components at high switching frequency operation 4. Analyse the impact of fault conditions on the HV bus and other components 5. Analyse HV bus stability and negative impedance phenomenon, if any. The HV DC bus ripple data obtained using the simulation was compared against the vehicle data which showed good correlation. An optimization study was carried out on sizing the bulk capacitor and other filter components. The validation and optimization results are presented in this paper. In the process of making the simulation model more accurate, additional computational capability and memory are required. Hence, it was essential to make a trade-off between added complexities versus accuracy improvement while building the model. Moreover, it was not necessary to model all the HV DC bus components as the ripple contribution from them is very minimal compared to traction inverter(s) (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Electric Vehicle; Chevy Bolt; Chevy Volt; Electrical Resonance; HV DC Bus Architecture and Filter Design; Software-In-Loop

2019 E 23

DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE CYCLES FOR BATTERY OPERATED E-RICKSHAWS ON CHASSIS DYNAMOMETER – A CASE STUDY IN INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED, R&D CENTRE

Saroj, Shyamsher et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-EHV-097https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-EHV-097

The paper describes the steps which are taken in consideration for formulating the chassis dynamometer based testing protocol adopted for e-rickshaw (12V 100AH / 1.5 KW). The steps involved the determination of road load coefficients (RLCs) for the e-rickshaw to operate on 37 KW chassis dynamometer. The study also focuses on the formulation of testing protocol by preparation of duty cycle suitable for the operation of e-rickshaws and thereon the performance evaluation. The test protocol is referred from the automotive industry standards (AIS) which are available for the electric vehicles performance evaluation. The tests were then conducted on the duty cycle prepared for the e-rickshaw to evaluate their performance in terms of battery utilization (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: E-Rickshaw Performance, Battery Operated Vehicles, Chassis Dynamometer Tests with E-Rickshaw

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2019 E 24

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY PACK DESIGNS BY SIMULATING INDIAN DRIVING CONDITIONS

Padmanabh, Mahesh and Desai, Manoj



Battery testing at the subsystem level or the component level is critical for the performance evaluation of an Electric Vehicle. Certain standards/ test protocols have been formed to test the battery packs. However, the fidelity of the results obtained from those procedures is questionable. This research paper focuses on testing battery packs based on the real-time experimental data obtained from different vehicles to emulate exact Indian driving conditions. With multiple iterations, a standard battery pack testing protocol will be derived to validate the performance of different battery packs for Indian EVs. The validation process will also include an array of safety and functional checks which will be performed prior to the load cycle. In this research paper, the primarily focus on performance and life cycle of battery packs with cylindrical and prismatic cells. The design considerations and test results are also discussed (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Lithium-Ion, Traction Battery, Electric Vehicle, Battery Cycling, Battery Pack testing

2019 E 25

FAST CHARGING BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM FOR LEADACID BATTERIES

Jaiswal, Shubham et al



Currently India is world's second largest two-wheeler market, Asia's third largest passenger vehicle market, world's fifth largest bus and truck market. Due to this, India is currently 4th on the scale of CO2 emissions. ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India) have come up with a roadmap to reduce CO2 emissions by half by the year 2025. E-Mobility proposes promising future for environment friendly and highly efficient vehicles. Solution is to promote hybrid and electric mobility. The life of an electric vehicle will be majorly determined by its battery life and performance. Batteries also plays a significant role in the mileage of the vehicle. Therefore, some amount of intelligence has to be employed for careful charging and discharging of these batteries. This paper is focused on fast charging of lead acid batteries with battery monitoring system (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Battery Management Systems; Fast Charging; Electric Vehicles; Lead Acid Battery; Battery Health & Life.

2019 E 26

MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION OF HYBRID TRACKED VEHICLE PROPULSION SYSTEM

Karunakaran, A et al



Hybridization offers various benefits for tactical and combat military vehicles. The development of optimal hybrid propulsion architecture plays a very important role in harnessing the benefits of the Hybridization. To achieve that, it is imperative to have a dynamic model of the vehicle with hybrid drive train that can predict the vehicle response to a satisfactory level, with flexibility to configure different architecture. In this paper, a mathematical model of a 14 ton tracked, skid steered military vehicle with series hybrid drive train is developed using Matlab-simulink toolbox to estimate vehicle performance in terms of mobility and steer ability over different driving conditions. At first, the sizing of propulsion motor, steering motor and the selection of transmission configuration is carried out based on vehicle performance requirements. Subsequently, a mathematical model with three degrees of freedom, considering terrain parameters, is developed. The model is simulated over soft and hard terrain to predict mobility and steer ability. The obtained results are studied and important observations are discussed (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Military Tracked Vehicle, Series Hybrid Powertrain, Steering Dynamics

2019 E 27

MILD HYBRID FOR TWO WHEELERS

Kamalakannan, D. et al



The objective of this paper is to put forth a method of developing a mild hybrid system in a two wheeler. The Mild hybrid system also known as Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) is a single controlled machine that seeks to replace the starter and magneto in modern day two wheelers. The ISG, mounted directly on the crankshaft is capable of offering four modes of operation, namely, starting, generation, torque assist and regeneration. A three phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous machine is fit directly on the engine shaft in place of the existing flywheel magneto. A three phase MOSFET inverter circuit provides a trapezoidal excitation to operate the machine as a motor. As soon as the engine cranks and reaches its idling speed the machine is made to function as a generator with the inverter circuit also performing the function of a rectifier. A series switch is used to regulate the voltage to the desired set point. Torque assist is achieved by providing a boosted voltage input to the machine when the engine is running. Regeneration is achieved in a similar fashion as generation. The controlled BLDC machine also facilitates the employment of Idling stop start functionality that helps bring down idling losses (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Mild Hybrid; Two Wheeler ISG; Torque Assist; Regeneration; Stop-Start for Two Wheeler

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


2019 E 28

MODIFIED CLASS E INVERTER BASED IPT SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS EV CHARGING

Sooraj, V. and Febin Daya, J. L.



Wireless charging of electric vehicle (EV) is achieved by an inductive power transfer (IPT) technique in a midrange power transfer application. In this paper, a modified class E converter topology is proposed for an efficient power transfer application at lower switching frequency compared to the class E wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The converter uses minimum semiconductor switches to perform the inverter action, thereby reducing the cost and making the IPT system more compact. The converter shows high efficiency at lower coupling coefficient for heavy load application. The simulation and experimental results substantiate the notion about the theoretical aspect (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Inductive Power Transfer, Resonance, Class E Inverter, Wireless Power Transfer, Mutual Inductance

2019 E 29

PREDICTIVE OPERATING STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF BATTERY POWER AND ENHANCED LIFETIME

Braun, Andreas et al



Traction batteries are operated with up to the maximum C-rate for charging or discharging. Such BMS (Battery Management System) operation limits are determined during the development of a battery system. Cell manufacturers define hard safety limits to prevent Liplating, deep discharge, or thermal events which are usually implemented as slope functions to allow for a gradual transition from normal operation to zero. These so-called de-rating functions are parameterized in the BMS in the same way for every battery, additionally with a safety buffer to ensure safe operation for every potential user and driving situation including worst-case scenarios. The authors argue that an adaptive approach can optimize the operation strategy of battery systems using ADAS features. In addition to parameters that are being observed inside the battery, information about the vehicle, upcoming route and driver behavior can be used to adapt the operation strategy to the situation at hand. Consequently, the driver can be offered “more” performance with the same battery pack (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Battery Management, Operating Strategy, Predictive Modeling, Optimization, ADAS

2019 E 30

RANDOM VIBRATIONAL FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY FOR THE ROAD LOADS

Sureshkumar, Sanjai



The major challenge for the electric cars to become a

feasible alternative for fossil fuelled vehicle is to overcome the range anxiety. To meet out the churning demand of high power and range, the energy capacity of battery is increasing whilst maintaining the architecture. Due to high energy density and delicate modules, batteries are prone to functional and structural failure. The major source for the battery failure modes are the excitations from the random road load vibrations. Since, the battery has a direct relationship to the safety and performance of the entire vehicle, it is vital to study the structural integrity of the battery. The intent of the paper is to develop a CAE methodology to predict the life of the battery for the actual road load condition. The transient load signal from the test measurements is converted to power spectral density data (PSD). Frequency response analysis is performed accounting modal damping to find the stresses. These stress values are mapped with PSD data to determine the RMS stresses acting on the component. Subsequently, fatigue analysis is performed using these RMS stresses along with appropriate material S-N curve, to accurately predict the life of the battery. The conventional approach to calculate the life of the component, is to perform normal modal analysis to find the modal stress. Then, a modal transient analysis is done using the time series load, obtained from the test measurements to compute the actual displacement. A modal superposition method is used to superimpose these stresses and modal displacement along with the material S-N curve to perform fatigue analysis. This paper put forth an alternative approach, by using the PSD data to calculate the life, which simplify the process and yield an accurate result (since damping is considered). A comparison of the result with Transient and PSD method to the actual test results are discussed. The results are categorized into two sections, one dealing with the transient fatigue analysis and other with the fatigue analysis using PSD data. The critical failure region of the battery is identified from the results. A ninety percent correlation is observed between the simulation result and the actual test values, validating the methodology (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Random Vibration, Time series loads, PSD, Transient Analysis, Fatigue life

2019 E 31

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION PERFORMANCE FOR PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

WANG, Peng et al



Based on the three energy consumption regulation systems in Europe, the United States and Japan, we studied the influencing factors of the energy consumption performance of the PHEVs (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, PHEVs) considering the energy consumption characteristics by designing various ambient temperature and driving cycle test matrix. This paper illustrates collaboration of AER and Blended strategies from the perspective of revealing, dividing and weighting at CD/CS stage. The consumption ration of fuel and electric is influenced by energy management strategy and fuel saving technology, leading to changes in energy consumption. Testing method, energy management strategy, fuel saving technology and others reveal

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


closed connection between energy consumption performance, driving performance, control strategies, and driving conditions adaption. Results of testing and analysis provide guide for energy consumption performance, control strategy designing and regulation refinement for PHEVs (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Energy Consumption Performance, Influencing Factors, Testing and Evaluation Methods, Energy Management St ra tegies , Energy Saving Technologies

2019 E 32

SUPERVISORY CONTROLLER DEVELOPMENT FOR A FULL PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE FOR IMPROVING FUEL ECONOMY AND AN INTERMEDIATE EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION

Ramdasi, Sushil et al



With improved engine technologies, vehicle styling and spending capacity, each year many number of vehicles hit Indian roads. This increase has implications like Greenhouse gas emissions, resulting into ozone layer depletion, global warming and depletion of fossil fuel at very fast rate. Thus, it has become essential to control CO2 emissions. The most effective way is to improve vehicle fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions, with the help of some promising technologies like Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Full Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV). In a price sensitive market as in India; vehicle selection is driven by, fuel economy (FE) and cost of the vehicle, HEV will prove to be better solution, compared to Electric Vehicles (EVs) considering unavailability of charging infrastructure. The paper focuses on the design, development and performance evaluation of supervisory controller for full parallel HEV configuration (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: HEV, LCV, Supervisory Controller, FE Improvement, Intermediate Experimental Validation

2019 E 33

TESTING AND EVALUATION OF PURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE PEDAL CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS BASED ON SINGLE PEDAL CONTROLSTRATEGY

WANG, Peng et al



Single pedal control strategy integrates energy regeneration in accelerator pedal operation. This paper monitors the "mechanical-electrical-hydraulic" state of the electric driving system, designs a test matrix based on the varying conditions such as vehicle speed, pedal operation, and driving mode, and studies the pedal control characteristics of a pure electric vehicle. The analysis shows that the single pedal control characteristics integrates the driving and braking operation of the vehicle well, while changing the traditional driving habits simultaneously. By operating the accelerator pedal skilfully, it is possible for the driver

2019 E 34

A HIGH FIDELITY PREDICTIVE MODEL OF HYDRAULIC BRAKES FOR FRONTLOADING, DESIGN SELECTION, AND PREDICTION OF BRAKE PEDAL FEEL

Srivastava, Praharsh et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-STN-081

https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-STN-081

Brakes system design is a complex process involving multiple performance attribute targets to be achieved simultaneously. The task of designer in such cases is to target design which optimizes a few set of attributes which in turn are decided by subjective user rating to objective measurement correlation metrics. In such cases, model based simulation serves the purpose of designer in making correct design decision at initial stages of design. This paper presents a detailed 1d model for automotive brakes system which will help the designer in brakes system design, brakes performance optimization and study the effect of interface systems on brakes performance. Validation of the model for an existing vehicle is also presented. A detailed physics based model of brakes is developed in LMS AMESim software. The built-in libraries of AMESim are leveraged to develop a full vehicle model which consist of the brakes, chassis, suspension, transmission, engine and tires. The brakes model is detailed one which consist of all the components of brakes system viz. brakes pedal, vacuum booster, master cylinder, front calliper, rear calliper, parking brakes and captures all the major design parameters. The remaining systems are modelled in low to medium detail. In order to validate the model for vehicle level FIA (Functional Image Attribute) test cases are considered. The FIA test cases consist of subjective user rating to objective measurement correlation activity. The test cases consist of 11 tests spreading across test conditions of low vehicle speed to high speed, low ramp rates to high ramp rates. Data captured in these tests consist of speed, pedal force, pedal travel, deceleration, master cylinder pressure and few other parameters. The captured data is converted into objective ratings which in turn is a measure of brake performance attributes viz. free travel, preload, deceleration dead band, bite etc. The time history for pedal force is fed into the model as input and required values as per FIA test cases are extracted from the model as output. This work finds its usability in simulation based prediction of brakes FI attributes, study effect of changes in interface systems on brakes performance, DOE study on brakes for selection of best design among available configurations (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Brake feel, high fidelity model, AMESim, Pedal effort, homologation

MANUFACTURING & MATERIALS

to meet the power requirements under driving condition, and obtain -0.05g to -0.2g deceleration by releasing accelerator pedal. Therefore, a linear pedal feeling is obtained, while fully fulfilling the typical urban cycle and the driving and braking intention of the main driving cycle. The driving operation is simplified by reducing the using frequency of the brake pedal realized by the single pedal control characteristics which cover coasting and low intensity braking operation of conventional regenerative braking systems (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Single Pedal Control Strategy, Pedal MAP Characteristics, Energy Regeneration, Deceleration, Pedal Feeling

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


2019 E 35

A METHODOLOGYOF DESIGN THINKING PROCESS APPLICATION TO VALUE INNOVATE THE REAR UNDER-RUN PROTECTION DEVICE FOR A HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE

Hubballimath, Nandesh

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-MFM-059

https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-MFM-059

Automotive Field has become very volatile and main reasons for this are emerging safety regulation, green energy strategies, and digitization, advancement in science and technologies. design field has always been challenged for coping strategies for these new realities, it is very hard to sustain in market if any firm not responding to these new realities, hence; each firm benefits based on how early and efficiently it adopts to new realities. This Paper illustrates a practical and complete Value Innovation chain done for Rear Under-run Protection Devices (RUPD). According to new regulation EC-R58-3 [1], re-innovation of RUPD was necessary to optimize the weight and cost of current design. In any successful Mechanical project, selection of Design and Manufacturing Process is a very important part and connecting these processes and technique plays a vital role in project success. In this Paper a complete value chain is explained, it is mainly on the basis of value innovation and adapting powerful techniques, like Blue Ocean Strategy to entering another new territory by excluding current competition and calls for a whole new design process by analysing or benchmarking existing opportunities and threats. Design Thinking Process is used to generate the Ideas through Brain Storming Process, and Ashby Chart Analysis to find the most suitable alternate material available in the current market. To arrive at an optimized concept, Design Thinking Process comprising of Concept Generation (Brain storming), Concept Validation through Computer Aided Analysis and for manufacturing feasibility study was done through supplier interaction. Finally, the optimized concept was selected through Pugh Chart Analysis. This paper provides a systematic way to understand the Design Thinking Process in detail with practical application and also shows how to innovate existing components to reduce the total cost and lead time. The design process explained in this paper can be extrapolated to other similar sheet metal parts. This paper evidences connecting more Design Tools in systematic way will yield better results and also supports with alternate concepts as backup for fail safe concept in project success. Validation of these results strongly recommends use advanced material like Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) and Composites for structural members, which will reduce the Chassis Component weight without compromising its strength, hence; increases fuel efficiency and payload (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Value Innovation, Design Thinking Process, RUPD, FUPD, Brain Storming, Digital Validation of RUPD, Pugh Matrix, Ashby Chart Analysis, EC-R58-3[1]Regulation

2019 E 36

ADAS, A NEW CHALLENGE FOR HOMOLOGATION AND PERIODICAL TESTING INSPECTION

Pauly, Cyrille and Teller, Stefan



Advanced driver assistant systems are safety relevant; so they will affect testing and certification process more and more. New requirements for homologation are under development in different regions. Because of the safety relevance, it is necessary to find a way of inspection during the lifetime of a vehicle. The current process for PTI doesn't cover testing of ADAS, so innovative approach is necessary. With increasing introduction of ADAS-systems and automation of driving functions, the focus of requirements for homologation and/or certification is on proper function of sensors, activators and the hardware and software of the systems. The conformity might be demonstrated by testing and simulation, functional safety and cyber security of the electronic systems have to be checked as well. On board systems for checking of the functions will be obligatory in future and there are different ideas how to use such OBD systems during lifetime. Until now the check of electronic on board systems is only used in PTI (periodical inspection) for emissions, an innovative approach for ADAS is necessary either as a part of the 3rd-party PTI and/or the frequent or continuous check of safety systems. The different options will be presented. Several proposals of the different stakeholders are in the loop now. Because of the safety relevance, a 3rd-party system seems to be appropriate. But the current PTI-process needs improvement regarding instrumentation and qualification of the inspectors. Access to vehicle related information about the electronic systems is mandatory and a harmonization of interfaces is necessary as well. It is necessary to implement such “life-time-approach” as soon as possible as an integrated process, which starts with harmonized homologation requirements and a proper follow up until the end-of-life of a vehicle (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Per iodical technical inspect ion, homologation, advanced driver assistant systems, automated driving

2019 E 37

ANEW CARBURIZING STEEL FOR COLD FORGING WHICH CAN OMIT ANNEALING AND NORMALIZING

Imanami, Yuta et al



In order to develop a new carburizing steel material that realizes an intermediate heat treatment free process in parts manufacturing, the cold forge ability of the as-rolled steel and suppression of abnormal grain growth of austenite were studied. It was shown that adjustment of addition amount of Si, Mn and Cr, suppression of dynamic strain aging during cold forging, and an increase of ferrite fraction by controlled rolling contribute to the reduction of load of cold forging. However, Nb precipitation control by fully utilizing mill manufacturing processes was also


TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

necessary for suppression of abnormal grain growth of austenite. The as-rolled developed steel showed lower load of cold forging than spheroidized SCM420. The reduction of load of cold forging in the developed steel is due to the synergistic effects of the optimized balance of Si, Mn and Cr, suppression of dynamic strain aging by fixing N, and the increase in the ferrite fraction by low-temperature controlled rolling. Rotating bending fatigue strength is an indicator of resistance to breakage of gears. The rotating bending fatigue strength of the developed steel was excellent in comparison with that of SCM420. From this, the developed steel can prevent breakage of gears. According to the Si mapping by EPMA in the same figure, at the surface of samples after carburizing, grain boundary oxidation was suppressed in the developed steel in comparison with SCM420. A new steel for carburizing was developed by integrating these technologies, making it possible to eliminate annealing before cold forging and normalizing before carburizing simultaneously (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Steel Materials, Cold Forging, Carburizing, Annealing, Normalizing

2019 E 38

ASSESSMENT OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES AT HIGH STRAIN RATE OF ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEEL'S WELDED JOINTS

Mulla, Suhail et al



In this era of light-weighting of vehicles, Advanced High Strength Materials (AHSS) proved themselves very promising, as they are well known for their crashworthiness properties along with higher strength. The high strain rate properties of the AHSS materials have been already found out by researchers. The mostly employed AHSS materials at crash sensitive areas are found to be under Dual Phase (DP) group, DP 800 and DP 1000 steels. However, in application many materials are joined together with similar or dissimilar material, mostly by spot welding and there is not much literature available on behavior of welded AHSS material at crash situation. This study focus on understanding of s t ra in rate sensi t iv i ty of DP800- DP1000material's resistance spot welded joints at high strain rates. For this, the materials are welded by spot welding at optimized parameters. After high strain testing of the welded samples, it was found that the welded joints show less strength than homogeneous materials but they do show strain rate sensitivity (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Material properties, high strain rate, high strength steel's welded joints, Manufacturing & Materials

2019 E 39

DESIGN OPTIMIZATION IN FORGING PROCESS TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Kumbhar A.R. et al



Forging is one of the manufacturing processes, which is preferred to produce complex component due to its advantages. New process development of forging component requires through

process knowledge and experience. Many a times trial-and-error methods are used to arrive at optimum forging process and initial billet dimensions. But with help of reliable computer simulation tools, now it is possible to optimize the complete forging process and billet dimensions without a single trial. This will have direct and indirect saving of time and money with much more insight about the process and possible forging defects in the same. This paper deals with die design optimization of spring saddle used in automotive industry. Existing forging process was simulated and simulation results show under filling of component cavity with larger amount of material wasted in flash. This results in increase in the rejection of components. Existing forging process also requires higher tonnage capacity which hampers life of existing dies and forging equipment. Elimination of defects without affecting the productivity was the main challenge. The changes made in the forging process and its die design was simulated, which results in elimination of defects. Iterative simulation also helped to arrive at optimized billet size, resulting in saving of 5% of input material which increased forging yield. Complete optimized forging process requires almost 6 times lesser tonnage capacity which has direct benefit on life of dies and forging equipment. These changes in forging process and die design were implemented in physical forging trials. They were found effective in eliminating the defects, saving of input material and reduction in forging load which results into direct or indirect cost benefit to the industry in the form of reduced energy consumption. Thus simulation approach helps to optimize the forging process, improve productivity and reduce energy consumption (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Forging process, reduce energy consumption, Manufacturing & Materials

2019 E 40

DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Shankar, Shantha and Venugopal, ShankarFISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-STN-058


Our objective is to identify the attributes of an idea energy storage technology that will enable battery powered electrical vehicle (EV) to become the sustainable mobility solution of the future. The demanding performance parameters of the EV energy storage device are analysed. The technology evolution of the current batteries is studied by analysing the patents at three levels –the subsystem – energy storage device, the system EV and the super system that includes energy source, the charging infrastructure, etc. The attributes of an ideal energy storage device are defined using TRIZ systematic innovation methodology. When the TRIZ tool - the Ideal Final Result (IFR) is applied, we are able to simplify the analysis to three key dimensions – useful functional features (Primary and Secondary), harmful features (either from functional or sustainability perspective) and cost. The simplicity of the IFR approach helps to steer away from the complexities of various competing battery technologies and remain focused on truly sustainable energy storage technologies. The focus of the work is on those energy storage technologies that will be desirable, feasible, scalable, and viable and most importantly sustainable (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Electric vehicle (EV), lithium ion battery, energy storage, TRIZ, design thinking, sustainability

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


2019 E 41

EFFECT OF DEFORMATION TEMPERATURE ON HARDNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF AL 6061 ALLOYS

P.K. AjeetBabu et alFISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-MFM-052


Aluminium forged products are used in industry for both structural and non-load bearing applications. In case of structural parts, hardness is an important parameter and in non-load bearing application the surface roughness is important with respect to aesthetics. In this paper, the effect of deformation temperature on hardness and surface roughness is studied for AA 6061-T6 alloy. The samples are homogenized at 550°C for 8 hours and cylindrical billets are prepared which is forged at four different temperatures i.e. 0°C, 25°C, 100°C, and 150°C. The samples are cut in the centre and the hardness is measured along the horizontal and vertical direction away from the geometrical centre and also on the surface. Hardness variation at the top surface of the sample is observed to be less. The hardness measured on the inner surface plane is found to decrease, as we move from the geometrical centre to the surface of the billet along both horizontal and vertical direction. The surface roughness (Ra) values are found to decrease with the increase in the forging temperatures (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: aluminium, cold forging, warm forging, hardness, surface roughness

2019 E 42

FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING A PORTFOLIO OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY

Venugopal, Shankar and Shankar, ShanthaFISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-STN-057


We provide a framework that would help the CTO to (a) assess the disruptive power of new technologies at an early stage (b) systematically track its evolution and (c) build a sustainable plan for the company to respond to the disruption. We have applied our framework to illustrate how the CTO of an automotive OEM can build a portfolio of disruptive technologies in electric, autonomous and connected vehicles to create sustainable mobility for the future. We describe qualitative and quantitative tools and metrics that would help the CTO to make investment decisions on new disruptive technologies and communicate to the stakeholders (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Disruptive technologies, electric vehicle (EV), sustainable mobility, CTO

2019 E 43

HOT DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF 42CrMo4 STEEL AND GRAIN SIZE CORRELATION WITH FORGING PROCESS PARAMETER

P.K. Ajeet Babu et al



Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is a way to design products and its materials along with their manufacturing process by linking material models at multiple lengths and time scales. The phenomenological model gives constitutive equations such that it defines the relationship between process variables and the resulting output i.e. microstructure and its properties. Forged components require high strength and good ductility. So as to achieve best combination of these properties, an appropriate grain size must be produced which actually depends on thermo-mechanical process used. In this paper a thermo mechanical simulation experiments were conducted for 42CrMo4 material at 1223K, 1323K and 1423K with corresponding strain rates of 0.2, 2, 20 (s-1). Based on the flow stress data, activation energy Q = 421.6 kJ/mole was calculated and further a mathematical relation was developed between grain size evolved and process parameters such as strain, strain rate and temperature during hot forging. The thermo mechanical physical simulation process was optimized by applying ICME principle by studying the entire deformation behaviour of material and the various metallurgical variables affecting the features of microstructure during deformation process (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Forging Process, Thermo Mechanical Simulation, Steel, Flow Stress, Zener Holloman Parameter

2019 E 44

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) TO IMPROVE THE PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS

Rahul Lalwani et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-STN-042https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-STN-042

From historic data analysis it was found that light duty vehicles alone contributes up to 10% of the global CO2 emission. Current Type approval emissions tests (BS III, BS IV) covers only the tailpipe emissions, however the Emissions produced in other upstream and downstream processes (Eg Raw material Sourcing, Manufacturing, Usage, Recycle Phases) are not considered in the evaluation. Eventually the overall emissions produced in different phases of product lifecycle of vehicle remains unexplored. To measure overall impact, a cradle to grave approach was used to assess entire life cycle impact throughout various stages. Life-cycle assessment (LCA), is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair & maintenance, disposal or recycling. LCAs can help avoid environmental concerns by having overall perspective on emissions in different phases. In

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


our exercise a detailed study using life cycle assessment tool was conducted to measure the environmental impacts during various stages. This technique evaluates impact of all the stages in manufacturing a vehicle till vehicle reached its end of life. This analysis helps conduct environmental cost benefit analysis and comparison between various choices for given product and processes. A study was conducted on Bolero Maxi Truck for life cycle assessment. In total analysis it was found that the material composition share are; Metal (84.92%) is the major constituent material for BMT, followed by Plastics (8.18 %), Glass (1.06%), and the rest (5.83%).This study gave a comparative analysis of various material choices & processes available to make same components and assemblies. maximum impacts occur during the use phase followed by raw material and part manufacturing phase and Manufacturing phase. This study gave exact values of various environmental impact like global warming potential, water consumption or acidification potential etc. with only soft data without making actual parts or vehicles. During the use phase, tail pipe emissions majorly contribute to acidification potential (50.9%), Eutrophication potential (80.68%), Global warming potential (85.17%), and photochemical ozone creation potential (57.79%). However during ELV disposal phase due to material recovery it shows credits of acidification potential (-0.98%), Eutrophication potential (- 0.71%), Global warming potential (-0.71%), and photochemical ozone creation potential (- 0.75%) (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Life cycle assessment; Greenhouse gases; advanced high strength steel; Environmental impact, Co2, Emissions, ELV disposal

2019 E 45

MANAGING DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS – BEST-PRACTICES FOR A SUSTAINABLE AUTOMOTIVE COMPANY OF THE FUTURE

Sayantan Mukherjee and Shankar Venugopal


The automotive industry is poised to experience the biggest disruption in recent times as megatrends of autonomous vehicles, electric vehicles, connected vehicles and shared economy are shaping sustainable mobility for the future. To manage the disruption well, the automotive OEMs will have to respond to the disruption by radically changing their current approach to product planning, styling, product designing, product development, sourcing, manufacturing, distribution, customer service etc. Automotive OEMs should strategize their response by figuring out what are those things that are still relevant in the new scenario and needs to be continued, what new things to learn and (most importantly) what they should selectively forget or unlearn to adapt to the change (Vijay Govindarajan's three box framework).The paper recommends certain best practices ideal for an automotive company to effectively manage disruptive innovations and become sustainable in the future (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Disruptive technologies, sustainability, automotive, innovation management, electric vehicle, autonomous vehicle, connected vehicle, asset sharing

2019 E 46

MITIGATE THE RISK OF FAILURES ON AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONIC DEVICES DUE TO HUMIDITYJauhri, Abhinav



Humidity represents the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere. Presence of Humidity allows moisture to settle down which slowly can penetrate the Electronic component's housing and can enter into PCBA. This causes an internal condensation that may lead to electrical sneak paths as well as functional and material degradation. As a result, the functional behavior of electronic components is degraded further reducing the life of component. The objective of the paper is to optimize the ramp rate in Composite Temperature/ Humidity Cyclic test procedure. Issues associated with Humidity can be prevented during validation by adjusting the ramp rate of test profile so as to mitigate the risk of water condensation on the Electronic PCBs. This can be varied based on the Component's mass/ size. This paper is intended to address the root cause of common Humidity related issues on Electronic Component's PCBAs, factors leading to that and recommendation for preventing Humidity related failures in Electronic PCBAs. The current study is limited to only Composite Temperature/ Humidity Cyclic test procedure. Major focus is to verify the different ramp rates for various types of components in Lab and provide an optimal ramp rate to avoid formation of water droplets on PCB. Experiment results shows and proves that the optimized Ramp Rate = 2.5 Hrs. is the best for mitigating the risk of Humidity related issues during validation in Electronic components (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Humidity; Ramp Rate; Moisture; Condensation; Dendritic Growth.

2019 E 47

NEW APPROACH IN PROTO BIW ASSEMBLY USING 3D PRINTED HAND FIXTURESGounder, Kannan et al



Fixtures are production tools that are used to accurately locate and clamp automotive BIW (Body in White) components together, with respect to the vehicle origin for assembly. In automotive product development, prototype bodies are built on a compressed fixture line with the intent of validating the product design. Reconfigurable modular fixtures are used for limited quantity BIW production. The prototype weld fixtures are typically manufactured with mild steel or cast iron. The use of metal fixtures results in a heavy apparatus with a long development lead time, and an inherent shape limitation arising from conventional manufacturing processes. This paper explains the construction and use of 3D printed portable hand fixtures developed using FDM technology, to assist in Proto BIW development. The shorter lead time, lower weight and ease in development of complex shapes are leveraged to overcome the limitations of conventional manufacturing processes. The use of functional features, rather than the datum features of the smaller sheet metal BIW components, reduces the effect of manufacturing variations on the final geometry of the BIW assembly. The light weight of the weld fixtures reduces fatigue of

21

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


operation, and the portability results in an effective use of facility floor space (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: 3D Printing, FDM, Rapid Prototyping, Hand Fixtures, Proto Body Assembly.

2019 E 48

PREDICTION OF HEADLAMP IMPACT BEHAVIOR WITH MAT_SAMP MATERIAL MODEL

Radhakrishnan, Jayaraj et al



Commercial headlamp outer lens is made of polycarbonate material which is inexpensive, provide necessary optical and mechanical properties and is chemically stable. During head form impacts, the headlamp lens is observed to fracture in a near-brittle manner unlike the parent polycarbonate (PC) which is known to exhibit significant ductility. The headlamp housing on the other hand is injection molded using talc-filled polypropylene-polyethylene copolymer (PP) which has different failure properties. Capturing deformation and fracture behavior accurately in CAE is a prime requirement to give accurate engineering solutions to the designer. Although the traditional MAT024 model is a robust and computationally efficient, it assumes Von Mises yield criteria which is an incomplete way of representing pressure sensitive materials like polycarbonate and polypropylene. In the present work, LS DYNA advanced material MAT_SAMP is defined by characterizing the chosen materials in tension, compression and shear using standard methods at different strain rates. A realistic yield surface for the polymers is generated and incorporated in the material model to represent the headlamp components facing complex stress states. Validation of the CAE model is done comparing the CAE results with those from test and good correlation is reported. A test rig is designed which has the flexibility to simulate different boundary conditions for headlamps belonging to different vehicle programs (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Headlamp lens; Headlamp housing; Polycarbonate; Polypropylene copolymer; MAT_SAMP

2019 E 49

RESEARCH WORK ON STUDY OF PLUNGING DOWN TIME ON FRICTION STIR WELDING OF AA6061

D. Muruganandam et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-MFM-054https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-MFM-054

The up going trend of research on joining of dissimilar alloys have grown the interest on the study and analysis of Friction Stir welding. Joining of different steel groups and Aluminium has been on the research interest on the previous decade. Recent innovative research and development areas is on with Magnesium alloy groups. The Aluminium alloys and Magnesium alloys are investigated for the weld strength with respect to the change of welding parameters including tool geometry, the tool transverse speed, and the tool angular velocity. In this paper, plunging down time is considered as novelty parameter along with usual rotational speed and axial load parameters for the analysis of weld strength based on heat generation. The plunging down

time is accurately measured using the coded PLC program enabled LED sensors. The effect on tensile strength and variation of micro hardness due to the variation in Plunging down Time (PDT) were studied. The Plunge downtime found to be one of the important weld parameter need to consider as per the results of tensile strength and micro hardness (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: PLC program, LED, Plunge down Time, FSW

2019 E 50

STUDY OF PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION METHODOLOGY FOR NEW RUBBER MATERIAL MODEL

Konishi, Yusuke et al



Performance prediction using computer aided engineering (CAE) is essential for reducing weight and testing costs. For this purpose, the simulation of transient phenomena such as suspension and engine vibration, which requires the accurate representation of the dynamic characteristics of rubber parts, is important. Phan et al. [1] developed an improved rubber material model based on the model proposed by Simo, which is capable of simulating dynamic behavior. This paper examines a parameter identification methodology that provides high accuracy for transient simulation (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: rubber, material model, nonlinear viscoelasticity, finite element analysis, parameter identification

2019 E 51

SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY SOLUTIONS THROUGH MULTIDICIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION (MDO) USING DATA ANALYTICS

Gunti Srinivas et al



The chal lenge for large-scale implementat ion of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) algorithms in solving real-world automotive structural design problems is the time associated in running huge Finite Element Models that involve solving highly non-linear phenomenon (such as crash) involving large number of design variables and multiple performance constraints pertaining to various domains (NVH, Durability and Crash). With the availability of powerful Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tools, it has become possible to generate the data of performance responses for a huge number of design points considering all the design variables that exist in a real-world design problem. Traditional Response Surface Method based approaches fail to handle such huge data and therefore, it is important to explore the Machine Learning based approaches that can easily handle huge and complex real-world data. The present work focusses on developing a methodology for light weighting of an automotive structure using machine learning based, MDO. In this study, the objective is to minimize the mass of the front end

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


structural components, of a passenger car that are likely to effect the vehicle crashworthiness and NVH performances. Size optimization is performed by considering the gages of various components as the design variables and front-end intrusions during an IIHS offset impact test simulation and the modal frequency of a critical structural member as the constraint variables. Two different methods, namely, neural network based and the random forest based machine learning algorithms were used to develop predictive models for use in design optimization. It is shown that the data mining based optimization methods are substantially more efficient and applicable in solving the real-world vehicle design problems that contain many design variables. A considerable weight saving of nearly 25 % with respect to baseline design is obtained in the present study (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Sustainable mobility, multidiciplinary design optimization (MDO), data analytics, Manufacturing & Materials

2019 E 52

WEATHERDATA MAPPING TO ENRICH NATURALISTIC DRIVING DATA AND ENHANCE ENERGETIC SIMULATION

Jens-Olav Jerratsch et al


For advanced simulation of electric vehicle total energy consumption, various parameters need consideration. For simulation of real driving patterns, secondary data mapping by time and location can help to reduce measurement efforts and enrich existing data or enable advanced prediction of energetic consumption. The methodology presented for ambient temperature mapping yields a mean difference of only 1.5°C when compared to sensor acquired on board data. Using TUB-FVB's total vehicle energy simulation for a small commercial electric vehicle then leads to a mean deviation in consumption of only 0.2kWh/h or 2.5%, respectively (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Naturalistic driving observation, data logging economy, secondary weather data, energetic EV-simulation

NOISE & VIBRATION

2019 E 53

A STRUCTURAL DESIGN PROCESS FOR REDUCING STRUCTUREBORNE SOUND USING VARIATION OF VIBRATION INPUT POWER

Kuroda and Katsuhiko

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-NVB-072https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-NVB-072

The authors developed the structural design process on the basis of experimental SEA for reducing structure-borne sound. However, it was difficult to predict the sound pressure accurately in order not to predict the variation of vibration input power by

structural modification. There are four steps in the process, at the third steps, the process identifies the internal loss factors (ILFs) or the coupling loss factors (CLFs) which should be changed to reduce the noise radiated from the machinery using sensitivity analysis to the squared sound pressure at the evaluation point. The sensitivity analysis is based on the perturbation method, the squared sound pressure or the vibration energy are evaluated regarding the variation of respective loss factors and input power. For three SEA models are used with and without predicted the vibration input power by structural modification, parameter study are implemented by analytical SEA.As a result, it can be seen that sound energy results for a flat plate SEA model with using the predicted vibration input power for structural modification by a damping material is shown to work quantitatively well by numerical analysis. The same phenomenon for L shaped plate by the experimental test and partial car model by numerical analysis with structural modification by thickness change was also confirmed (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Statistical Energy Analysis, Method of Vibration Analysis, Modeling, Identification, Finite Element Method

2019 E 54

A STUDY OF SQUEAL NOISE IN TWO WHEELERS

Vadakkel George et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-NVB-110

https://www.fisita-congress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-NVB-110

Squeal noise from brakes is very annoying and it is perceived by customers as sign of poor product quality. The research work presented in this paper attempts to understand the squeal generation mechanism in l ight of the mode coupling phenomenon. Initially conditions required to recreate squeal noise in drum and disk brakes were identified. The squeal noise was then recorded on road and in lab using data acquisition equipment and chassis dynamometer. Further, tests were done to identify the natural frequencies and mode shape of individual components. Tests have been designed to understand the effect, structural stiffness of brake components have, in generation of squeal noise. The study reveals some interesting insights, test carried out on drum brakes have helped us to understand the source of noise radiation and the required corrective action. The squeal noise from the drum brake were lower frequency squeal below 3k Hz. Whereas squeal noise from disk brakes were at much higher frequency i.e. above 10k Hz usually categorized as high frequency squeal. Changing the pad stiffness has shown certain squeal noise frequencies to shift and some others frequency to more or less vanish. One other important aspect in the squeal generation phenomenon namely the frictional interaction between the sliding surfaces was not studied as a part of these tests. Tests were done in lab conditions on new brakes and effects of amount of wear or the wear pattern were ignored for the study. The study was done on full vehicle and hence is much closer to the actual conditions that lead to the generation of squeal noise from brakes. The outcome from the tests agrees to some extend with the mode coupling theory and provide a first level proof for the same at a vehicle level (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Brake squeal, Mode coupling, Drum Brakes, Disk Brakes, Experimental techniques

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


2019 E 55

A STUDY ON THE PREDICTION OF DOOR GLASS RATTLING

Nam, Yong Hyun et alFISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October 2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-NVB-091


The sound induced by a closing door is determined by the various components like door latch, door module, door glass installed within the door area. In particular, when the door is closed with the door glass down, the vibration and noise of the door glass are louder than those of any other component; this is called door glass rattle - attributed to the loss of the door glass support point. This study not only evaluates the rattle influence level of a door glass support but also introduces an approach to predict rattle by using simple model test of glass run (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Glass rattling, door glass, vibration absorption, prediction rattling, rattling test

2019 E 56

ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOUND PACKAGE IN A VEHICLE BY PBNR MEASUREMENTS USING DODECAHEDRAL SOUND SOURCE

Anerao, Nitesh et al



In recent years, customer has become very sensitive to noise levels in vehicle. Hence maintaining good acoustic ambience in vehicle cabin has become essential. Power Based Noise Reduction (PBNR) is one such effective tool that evaluates the acoustic performance of sound package in a vehicle and helps in improving the passenger comfort level. PBNR measurements using Dodecahedral Sound Source (DDS) requires very less time and efforts as compared to the traditional measurements done using Volume Velocity Source (VVS). The source strength evaluation with DDS using a particle velocity sensor seems to be more precise because energy levels measured using VVS altered with respective direction (±X, ±Y, ±Z) thus arising a question on computed source strength. The main objective of this study is to assess acoustic performance of a vehicle in mid-high frequency range (200 – 6300 Hz) for ensuring passenger comfort in cabin using dodecahedral sound source. This document shows a methodology to predict PBNR with respect to frequency using the dodecahedral sound source. PBNR measurements at identified cabin seating ear locations with respect to different source paths (engine, tire etc.) are carried out. A good correlation with 3-5% variation on an average is observed on comparison with the traditional VVS based PBNR calculation. It is concluded that PBNR measurements done using this methodology tend to closely match with the results of VVS. PBNR method which a static evaluation tool produced consistent results with less than 3% deviation as compared to traditional vehicle level dynamic testing approach which has higher fluctuations. This methodology optimizes the traditional experimental procedure by reducing time and efforts thus improving overall efficiency (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: PBNR testing, transfer function, acoustic reciprocity, acoustic materials, particle velocity, and source strength.

2019 E 57

ACTIVE CONTROL OF AUTOMOTIVE STRUCTURAL VIBRATION THROUGH SMART MATERIALS

Setia, Shivam et al



This paper deals with technologies to control vibration. Vibration control through feedback control and Vibration control through shunt damping technology using Piezo-electric devices is discussed in this paper. The goal is to suppress the unwanted vibrations of structures. In case of first technology, a smart structure would be able to sense the vibration and generate a controlled actuation to it. A feedback controller sends the correction information to the smart actuator so as to minimize the vibration. The second technology utilizes an external circuit (shunt damping technology) across the terminals of smart structure based transducers to implement control mechanism. To develop an understanding, prove the concept and design a generic methodology, the control work is carried out on automotive analogous structures such as a cantilever beam and tuning fork. These structures are bonded with Lead ZirconateTitanate (PZT) patches as piezoelectric sensor and actuator for minimizing vibrations (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Smart Structures, Modal Analysis, Active measures, System Modelling, Control Strategy.

2019 E 58

AN INVESTIGATION OF A SUPPRESSION METHOD OF THE BODY VIBRATION IN AN ENGINE START-STOP SITUATION-A PREDICTION TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH OF THE BODY VIBRATION RELEVANT TO A POWERTRAIN VIBRATION

Ogata, Kenichiro et al



In recent years, fuel economy regulations for automobiles have been strengthened. Engine stop technology (idling stop / electric power run) is an effective method for improving vehicle fuel economy. Engine stop technology reduces the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine, but restarting the internal combustion engine causes body vibration. This body behaviour contributes to a feeling of discomfort for passengers. Therefore, the formulation of a prediction technology that includes both the powertrain and the body is required in order to clarify a method of suppressing body vibration. In this study, authors focused on body vibration at engine restart generated by the transfer of engine vibration to the body. The authors used an engine control simulator, a combustion simulator, an engine vibration generation simulator and a body vibration simulator. These simulation tools were chosen through an investigation of prediction methods for in-cylinder pressure fluctuation in chamber, transmission and motor vibrations. The engine controller was made by MATLAB/Simulink. GT-SUITE was used as the chamber simulator. Thus, combustion simulator was original

24

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


model included several mount model. In addition, Carmaker was used as the body vibration simulator. Finally, the authors created a prediction technology that worked cooperatively in the above-mentioned simulators. The prediction technology produced the correct results for an experiment inspection result (in-cylinder pressure, engine block acceleration, engine mount acceleration and seat vibration). Therefore, this prediction technology realized the prediction of body vibration during engine stop/restart, and enabled the optimal design for engine control, combustion and mounts. In this study, we focused on a vibration of relatively low frequency. The prediction of high frequency body vibrations may require more detailed modelling. In addition, vehicle specifications are not decided just by vibration requirements. Therefore, this prediction technology should be extended to a prediction method for trade-off performance (i.e. fuel consumption, emissions, vehicle dynamics and thermal management). The formulation of a prediction technology including both the powertrain and the body is a new approach as a prediction method for body vibration. In addition, this prediction technology has the possibility to extend to application as a predictor of vehicle performance. The formulation of a prediction technology that included both the powertrain and the body was performed. This technology combined an engine control model, a combustion model and a mount model to suppress body vibration (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: vibration, noise, r ide comfort; powertrain oscillation; Model-Based Design

2019 E 59

EFFECTIVE CORRELATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF NOISE CONTROL TREATMENT ON AN OUTER DASH PANEL USING EXPERIMENTAL AND VIRTUAL MODELING

Varghese, Alex and Palled, Satish



In today's world, the automobile companies are mainly focusing on the three governing factors, a) performance b) weight and c) cost. A lot of work has been done on predicting the noise path through effective noise testing and evaluations and further optimization of material coverage to meet the desired expectation of overall performance requirement. This paper outlines a unique method to correlate and optimize the coverage of the NCT around the outer dash panel area using experimental modal testing inside reverberation chamber and virtual modelling module (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Optimization, Sound intensity mapping, Correlation, STL measurement inside reverberation chamber, SEA virtual simulation

2019 E 60

ENGINE SOUND POWER CALCULATIONS AND CONTRIBUTION OF EACH SURFACE TO DRIVER EAR: SOUND PARTICLE VELOCITY APPROACH

Kumar, Tulesh et al



Vehicle in-cabin ambience quality depends on many parameters such as aesthetics and ergonomics. Ergonomics related to cabin acoustics is discussed here. Quieter the car's engine more pleasant the cabin ambience will be. Vibration is the cause and sound is the effect as per cause/effect analogy. Engine's surface vibration causes the sound to radiate in the cabin. At an early stage of a program, knowing engine's sound radiation behavior proves beneficial in optimizing the source (engine) and saving sound package materials. In this document, a method for calculating engine's airborne sound power has been elaborated. A new concept for computing engine sound power using radiation impedance and surface velocity is devised. The computed sound power along with Power Based Noise Reduction (PBNR) transfer function is used to predict the cabin Sound Pressure Level (SPL). Accordingly, future target levels can be set for source (LW), transfer path (PBNR) and receiver (LP) respectively. Engine's response in different driving conditions is also studied in detail and it is concluded that for airborne noise reduction at frequencies>200 Hz, working at low idle is enough and it will be reflected in other driving conditions automatically (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Sound power; Sound particle velocity; Radiation impedance; PBNR testing; Transfer Function

2019 E 61

LOW IDLE TACTILE VIBRATION SIMULATION FOR TRACTORS

Vijay Raghava et al



The purpose of this paper is to establish a method for predicting the idle vibration of tractor steering, fender and floor systems in the engine-idling condition by using forced response analysis. At first phase, an analytical FE model of tractor is constructed. An MBD model of complete engine with piston, crankshaft, connecting rod and main journal bearing has been created using the commercially available multi body dynamics tool with the following inputs like inertia, no. of cylinders and geometric data, etc. By using the combustion parameters – pressure vs crank angle curve corresponding to the Idle Excitation measured on the test bed as an input for the MBD model and the output forces are obtained at the main journal bearing locations, cylinder-head, piston TDC and BDC. These derived forces from MBD used as an input for the full vehicle finite element model, forced response analysis has been executed using the commercially available NVH computational code to predict the vibratory amplitudes on the steering, fender and floor corresponding to the idle excitation. Furthermore, this model is employed as a tool for identifying top contributing paths to the vibration levels at human contact points through transfer path

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


analysis. Identified paths are optimized for attenuation of the vibration levels. Good agreements are found between the analytical and experimental data (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Tractor, Fender, Idle, Virtual validation, Vibration

2019 E 62

METHODOLOGY FOR FRONTLOADING SIMULATION OF \CLUTCH PARAMETERS FOR NVH CHAACTERISTIC OF COMMERCIAL VEHICLE DRIVELINE

Soundatte, Nitin et al

FISITA 2018 World Automotive Congress, 2–5 October2018, Chennai, Paper No.: F2018-NVB-093


The world is moving towards refined vehicle systems, and it has become an important aspect of a customer's choice. A refined driveline plays a major role in reducing noise and vibration and improving the overall vehicle refinement. For commercial vehicles, tackling driveline induced noise and vibration is complex and requires a proper strategy as cost and durability play an important role. In a heavy-duty vehicle engine, high torque at lower RPM is required to give correct traction at the wheel end. To meet engine power and torque characteristics in commercial vehicle, most of the manufacturers opt for a diesel engine which by its very nature, carries a drawback of high fluctuation. Diesel engine coupled with a manual transmission and multiple-joint propeller shaft results in a resonance and lead to high in-cab noise and tactile vibration in the low-frequency region. Flywheel inertia, clutch stiffness and hysteresis, side-shaft stiffness and inertia, propeller shaft inertia and U-joint angle are the basic parameters that are needed to be tuned to reduce in-cab noise and tactile vibration. Clutch stiffness and hysteresis are commercially controlled factors. They can be iterated without affecting the overall cost of the vehicle. Simulation plays a key role in reducing the overall cost associated with tuning of these parameters. With proper simulation techniques like 1D or MBD, we can find an optimized solution for the product and can bring the in-cab noise and tactile vibration within target limits. In this paper, methodology for frontloading the simulation of clutch parameters viz. inertia, stiffness and hysteresis using multibody dynamic simulation has been discussed and optimization for the given driveline is suggested. Effect of simulation is also validated by test-based measurement (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Clutch, Driveline, Multi body simulation, Torsional fluctuation, Commercial Vehicle Driveline

2019 E 63

NVH OPTIMIZATION STUDY IN BELT TYPE R-EPS SYSTEM

Jang, SeokHwan et al



Belt type R-EPS system uses an electric motor to assist the driver of a vehicle and it typically uses belt and pulley assembly for assist-torque amplification. Operating noise and vibration of this system, transferred through surrounding structures and air, can be noticed by driver. The objective of this study is to improve structure NVH level of Belt R-EPS system for making driver to feel more comfort and quiet while driving. Operation noise and vibration of Belt type R-EPS system is classified into internal and external factors. Internal noise and vibration is generated by mechanical components of R-EPS system. External noise and vibration is mainly enhanced by resonance between R-EPS system and sub-frame of vehicle. In order to reduce resonance causing noise and vibration, total NVH mechanism was created about Internal and external noise. NVH analysis procedure (especially related R-EPS system and sub-frame of vehicle) also was established based on NVH-mechanism. The study suggests total optimal design-parameters for reducing NVH of R-EPS system. NVH optimization of the system is proceeded to achieve natural frequency separation of sub-frame, motor and housing to avoid resonance. The procedure of Optimization analysis test is

following: proto-design → stress and FRF analysis of structural

components→ restudy and complementation → verification. As a result, total system NVH level is improved by more than 3dB (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Belt R-EPS, NVH-mechanism, Structure-noise, Resonance, Transfer path

2019 E 64

OBJECTIVE EARLY FAILURE DETECTION SYSTEM FOR ENGINE TEST BENCH

Roche, Marina et al



New technologies and calibration to lower engine emissions affect the vibration profile and may lead to premature damage. Therefore, this effect is a key factor to be evaluated during calibration and durability testing to ensure system reliability. Vibration profile monitoring during durability testing allows anomalous behavior to be detected before critical breakage is caused to the test sample, permitting thus an analysis of the root causes of the failures in order to implement countermeasures. The challenge is to develop a method that is able to objectively determine the acceptance criteria with no need for subjective human determination. In this study, a six cylinder diesel engine was used as a test device for the definition of metrics and objective damage acceptance thresholds during calibration and durability. First the engine was tested under normal conditions and then

26

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


abnormal conditions were induced. Test results allowed the development of different learning algorithms, damage metrics and damage acceptance thresholds based on artificial intelligence, statistical analysis and signal energy analysis. The suitability of each proposed method is analysed in terms of detection capability, avoidance of false detections and objectiveness of the criteria (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Engine; neural network; durability; failure; vibration

2019 E 65

SHEET RADIATION NOISE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION BASED ON MODAL SHAPE SUPERPOSITION

Fang, Liao et al



Traditional vibration and noise assessment criterion of vehicle body concerns mainly about modal, dynamic stiffness and transfer functions. The modal only indicates vehicle body's inherent frequency characteristics. The dynamic stiffness indicates the vibration isolation ability of the attached points. The vibration and noise transfer functions only refers to the vibration and noise transfer path when the vehicle body is excited. Therefore, all these indices do not reflect the radiation noise performance of vehicle body. But the radiation noise in vehicle is a long-standing problem, and it interferes with vehicle quality seriously. In order to solve this problem, a method of sheet radiation stiffness based on modal shape superposition was proposed. In this method, firstly, the normal directions of elements were obtained by a program based on GWAK language. The normal directions of the nodes were obtained by averaging of all the elements normal directions connecting to the node. Secondly, modal shapes of the nodes were superposed by DMAP language codes. Then, the superposed modal shape was projected to the node normal direction. Finally, the reciprocal of the superposed modal displacement in the node normal direction was obtained, which indicates the radiation stiffness of millions of nodes in vehicle body. Test of the sheet radiation stiffness was established simultaneously to measure the sheet radiation stiffness. The sheet radiation stiffness results of the test were in accordance with that of the sheet radiation stiffness based on modal shape superposition, which verified the accuracy of the method of the sheet radiation stiffness analysis based on modal shape superposition. This method was used to solve a booming noise problem of a car, and the test results indicates that the booming noise decreased by 5 dBA at most after the optimization by this method. It will be advantageous to design the structure of vehicle body by the sheet radiation stiffness analysis based on modal shape superposition. The radiation stiffness performance of all the points on vehicle body can be obtained quickly and conveniently without high configuration hardware and time cost. The sheet radiation noise performance can be quantified through this new method. The sheet radiation stiffness can solve the problem that the stiffness performance of all nodes in the vehicle body cannot be obtained in the test and virtual analysis methods before and improves the vehicle's comfort and promotes the performance of noise and vibration significantly (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: radiation noise, panel radiation stiffness, modal shape superposition, radiation noise optimization

Powertrain & Engineering

2019 E 66

ADVANCED LIGHT FRACTION FUEL FORMULATION AS A DROPIN REPLACEMENT FOR DIESEL IN PRE-DPF EURO II TYPE ENGINES

Manente, Vittorio et al



The use of light fraction or gasoline-range fuels in compression ignition engines has shown the potential to simultaneously decrease criteria pollutants and global carbon emissions. The current study examines the possibility of blending such fuels into commercial diesel as a drop-in replacement in compression ignition engines as a means of improving particulate emissions on pre-DPF equipped vehicles. Three fuel formulations were created with the first aimed at minimizing the content of polyaromatic hydrocarbons while maximizing the H/C ratio and Lower Heating Value (LHV) in an effort to lower particulate and CO2emissions. The second variant targeted a minimum viscosity of 1 CST as a means to address possible fuel viscosity related durability concerns for the fuel injection system. Finally, the third variant was a 50-50 vol% blend of the first and second fuels. A similar cetane number as that found in market available European diesel fuel was targeted for all three fuels. Once the fuels had been prepared, they were tested in a Euro V Volvo MD11 engine recalibrated to reproduce the same NOx-PM trade-off of its Euro II variant. The engine was recalibrated in order to understand the impact of the new fuel formulations on particulate emissions from legacy engines. Euro II homologated engines are present primarily in emerging economies and a drop-in fuel capable of lowering particulate emissions has the potential to improve air quality in these countries without changing the engine calibration. For this reason, the reference diesel fuel was chosen to be representative of the Indian market. The study showed that running these fuels without changing the engine calibration resulted in a decrease in NOx and an increase in PM with no significant variation in engine efficiency. This was due to a change in fuel injection timing that appeared to be caused by the different physical properties of the fuels and their related impact on the hydraulic behavior of the unit injector fuel injection system. When the calibration was adjusted to advance injection timing to compensate for the hydraulic behavior, the three fuels showed much lower PM emissions and CO2with similar NOx emissions (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Light-end fuels, gasoline-like fuels, drop-in fuel formulation, compression ignition engines, criteria pollutant reduction, CO2 reduction

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TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


2019 E 67

ADVANCED THREE WAY CATALYST BASED ON IMPROVED PRECIOUS METALS LOADING METHOD AND THERMALLY DURABLE ZEOLITE-TYPE HYDROCARBON TRAP

Kodiyath, Rajesh et al



Low temperature activity is prerequisite for catalytic converters as most of the emissions occur just after starting the engine (cold emissions).One of the efficient ways to improve cold emission, especially hydrocarbons (HC) is to apply close coupled layout. The thermal stability of the catalyst is a concern for close coupled layout, in particular, thermal stability of PGM and functional materials such as Ce-Zr oxide, Al2O3 and HC adsorbent zeolite materials. This is one of the reasons why zeolites are not considered for closed coupled application. In order to realize application of close coupled layout for catalyst with high performance towards cold HC, the thermal stability of PGM and functional materials especially zeolite materials need to be improved significantly. We have developed a new loading method for Pd that is found to be effective in suppressing sintering of Pd during high temperature aging. With new loading method, the Pd dispersion after aging is higher than that obtained with conventional method. The three way catalyst (TWC) made by applying new loading method shows higher performance than conventional TWC. We have also utilized chemically modified β-zeolite (BEA) with Zrand P (Zr/P-BEA) as HC adsorbent which shows higher hydrothermal stability against hydrothermal aging at 1000 ºC. The Zr/P-BEA retains 80% of its initial SSA after aging while the unmodified BEA loses its SSA drastically during the aging. Vehicle evaluation with close coupled layout confirmed that, TWC prepared by new Pd loading method and including Zr/P-BEA (TWC + Zr/P-BEA), shows 15% lower value for cold HC emission than that of TWC. The strategies presented in this study can be utilized effectively for developing highly stable catalysts for close coupled layout for upcoming emission regulations such as BS6 (AUTH)

K E Y W O R D S : A u t o m o t i v e a f t e r t r e a t m e n t , Hydrocarbon emission, loading method of precious metals, Hydrocarbon trap, Zeolite

2019 E 68

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WATERINJECTION IN EFFECT IN TURBO GDI ENGINE

Kim, Youngjae et al



Currently, downsizing concept in combination with turbo-GDI engines is used to reduce CO2 and improve fuel efficiency. They have made significant contribution in maximizing the potential of gasoline engine. However, there is still limitation of engine efficiency when operating in the full-load range due to

component protection and knock. In this study, water injection system is proposed to improve fuel efficiency. Water injection is already a well-known technology that has been used in motor sports and aviation industry. Water is more effective compared to gasoline when it comes to absorbing heat energy with a latent heat of vaporization. By absorbing more heat energy, the in cylinder temperature is reduced and ignition timing can be advanced to get increased power. This study experimentally investigated how a water injection system can be a solution to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emission (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Water injection rate, BSFC (Brake specific Fuel consumption), Spray angle

2019 E 69

BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF NEW 10-SPEED AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

Masafumi Yasuda



A calculation model which enables us to evaluate both performance as a system and behavior of each component (contact and stress condition, misalignment etc.) is required, especially, in case of mechanical system with a large number of components like Honda's new 10-speed automatic transmission (AT). So, we developed a full-assembly behavior analysis model of 10-speed AT based on dynamic explicit finite element method with applying simulation technology of component which was built before. In order to verify accuracy of the simulation model, static and dynamic torsion tests were carried out, and we compared the simulation results to the test results. In comparison, the simulation results were correlated highly with the static and dynamic test results. As the result, we confirmed that this analysis model has sufficient calculation accuracy. We also obtained a prospect of applying this technology to design considerations and problem solving in development (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Behavior analysis; Dynamic explicit finite element method; Multiple-speed AT; Full-assembly behavior analysis model; Transfer efficiency

2019 E 70

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF CYLINDER HEAD INLET PORTS FOR A FAMILY OF ENGINES WITH COMMON WATER JACKET CORE

Jain, Ashish et al



Diesel engines provide a good trade-off between customer requirements of high power, torque, quick response, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions; since they are optimized for this, hence further improvements becomes a hard task. Indian automotive market is govern by cost and when we are talking about off road application diesel engine, then this cost also govern by fuel economy and oil consumption. To makeup this cost all OEM's want solutions in quick time and with minimum

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expenditure. Design and manufacturing of diesel engines cylinder head is very complex work and if it is for off road application then we need to consider the development cost and time from first day. In-cylinder fluid motion is one of the key factors for controlling the diesel combustion process. Main objective of this work is to design and optimize 5 different inlet port options for a family of engines keeping cylinder head water jackets core common for all variants. Three dimensional CFD simulation approach involving Swirl and flow parameter is used for optimization of cylinder head swirl and flow values. Design and optimization work is carried out on 4 Cylinder 4V engines with swirl options ranging from 0.75 to 1.8 for combustion optimization strategy and are validated on actual cylinder head (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Inlet port, port design, CFD simulation, Swirl, helical and directed port

2019 E 71

DESIGN MODIFICATION ON EXHAUST SYSTEM CATALYTIC CONVERTER BRACKET

Pradeep Sharma and Sreekanth Thota



Exhaust system components in engine are subjected to thermal cycling. For one of engine which was in development stage, welded bracket on inlet cone of catalytic converter was showing a high thermal stress and when dynamic loads were combined, safety factor was less than design target. The objective of current study is to reduce thermal stress on welded bracket by understanding thermal behavior and to come up with proposed design which lowers thermal stress. It has been shown that proposed design has Maximum Principal Stress reduction on bracket by 40% when compared to baseline design case. This was helpful in improving Goodman safety Factor for combined loading of thermal and dynamic cases in proposed design. This helped in fixing stress hotspot (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Exhaust System; Catalytic Converter Brackets; Transient Heat transfer analysis; Finite element analysis; Thermal stress

2019 E 72

ESTIMATION OF TURBULENCE LEVEL IN SPARK IGNITION ENGINE USING EXPERIMENTAL DATA OF IN-CYLINDER PRESSURE

Sjerić, Momir et al



The objective of this study was to analyse the applicability of the proposed procedure for the estimation of in-cylinder turbulence level in SI engine from measured pressure data and to use it for the calibration of cycle simulation model constants. In the Laboratory of IC Engines and Vehicles at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture in Zagreb, Croatia, the experimental setup of single cylinder IC engine was

built and experimental results were used for the analysis in this study. An offline in-house code for the calculation of heat release rate from the measured in-cylinder pressure profiles was applied over different engine speeds at full load conditions. By means of the additionally developed code the estimation of turbulence intensity was made. The estimated values of turbulence intensity have been used for the calibration of 0-D turbulence model. The estimated levels of in-cylinder turbulence over analysed operating conditions were compared with levels of in cylinder turbulence intensity at top dead centre calculated by means of the mean piston speed. The constants of cycle simulation with the quasi-dimensional combustion sub-model were calibrated and the simulation results of turbulence and combustion are compared with the reference and measured data. The average difference between the estimated and simulated turbulence intensity was below 15%. The prediction of in-cylinder turbulence was performed on the cycle-resolved basis for one operating point, resulting with the information about cycle-to-cycle variations of in-cylinder turbulence during the combustion. The prediction of in-cylinder turbulence based on the measured data represents efficient inverse method whose results can be used for the faster calibration of 0-D turbulence models without performing time-consuming 3-DCFD simulations (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Engine, Spark Ignition, Turbulence Estimation, Flame Propagation

2019 E 73

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LASER WELDING IN THE AUTOMOTIVE DIFFERENTIAL AND RING GEAR ASSEMBLY

Yesudass Maria Ambroseraj et al



Laser welding is a modern welding process used to join similar and dissimilar metals. The laser beam has the highest energy concentration that melts the parts to be welded. Residual stress and cracks are produced due to the high temperature during the process which affects the fatigue life of the differential and ring gear assembly. The objective of this study is to predict the temperature, heat affected zone, residual stress and thermal distortion in the laser welding process using finite element Analysis. This analysis is a sequentially coupled thermo mechanical analysis in which temperature result of thermal analysis is given as an input to structural analysis. A three dimensional finite element model is developed using commercially available code ABAQUS. Additionally numerical subroutine is created using FORTRAN language to implement the movable non-uniform heat source as the laser beam moves in circular path. Various aspects like radiation loss, convection loss, latent heat in the phase transformation and annealing effect are considered to capture the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the assembly and validated with test data. This analysis is done for the different influence of process parameters like laser power, laser beam diameter and welding speed. The current study is limited to thermal and structural effect during the laser welding process. Fusing and Solidification of metals are not considered and will be added in the future scope. The user subroutine is new and complex technique to achieve heat flux movement in circular path. The very high temperature, complicated geometry profile,

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element deletion and element activation make the FE analysis highly nonlinear (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Laser welding, Thermo-Mechanical analysis, Moving heat flux, Thermal Distortion, Nonlinear FE Analysis

2019 E 74

GASOLINE ENGINE PART LOAD PERFORMANCE: CYLINDER PRESSURECURVES PREDICTION USING NEURAL NETWORKS TO REDUCE THE DEPENDENCY ON TESTING

Sreekanth Rayavalasa et al



Part load cylinder pressure curves – pressure 'P' as a function of crankshaft angle 'θ' over 720 degrees – are essential to evaluate thermal boundary conditions of engines at part load, especially for Engine Thermal Management (ETM) studies to evaluate transient Thermo- Hydraulic behaviour of coolant, oil and liner temperatures. However, part load cylinder pressure curves are barely available at early stages of engine development, as first prototypes are usually dedicated to full load performance evaluations. Thus, the aim of this study is to predict part load cylinder pressure curves using only full load Test measurements, which will reduce the need for prototyping and physical testing. The study is carried out on a 3-Cylinder Naturally Aspirated gasoline engine with port injection using GT-SUITE 1D simulation software [2]. To begin with, engine full load performance model is calibrated within ±5%. Then part load engine performance prediction is carried out using Neural Networks and Controllersyielding±15% of correlation with test. Validation of coolant and oil temperature on ETM Models are within ±10ºC compared to test data and ±4ºC in the most relevant comparison zones (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Part Load Prediction, Cylinder Pressure Curves, Part Load Controllers, Neural Network, Engine Thermal Management.

2019 E 75

WATER-COOLED CAC MODULE DEVELOPMENT – THERMAL STRAIN ANALYSIS

Jonathan, Radzicki


https://www.fisitacongress.com/programme/sessions/F2018-PTE-114

In recent years, development of turbocharged engines has continuously been aimed at improving the efficiency of the internal combustion engine (ICE).Today, more and more vehicles are moving from an air-cooled charge air cooler (ACAC) to a water-cooled charge air cooler(WCAC) that also has the merit of simplifying the air intake path. Either an ACAC or WCAC is required for a turbocharged engine to perform properly. For this report, we introduce a thermal strain improvement method, its results, and a newly-developed, compact WCAC module which is directly installed onto a V6

engine. In order to cope with the increased durability demands of turbocharging, we used the transient thermal strain simulation of our previous SAE report (2016-01-0651), the experimental transient thermal strain of another SAE report (2018-01-0449), and the steady-state thermal strain analysis of this report to compare the thermal strain levels and found our new plate structure technology is superior to our old tube structure technology. Utilizing a new visualization technique to see and measure the actual thermal deformation mechanics, we developed a high-reliability plate structure design. Another advantage of the plate structure is that we can easily set the flow path ratio so that the optimum performance can be achieved by creating the concept of flowing two separate, different-temperature fluids (one high water-temperature section and one low water-temperature section) in one heat exchanger. For this development, we evaluated the transient and steady-state regions for accurate thermal strain analysis which is crucial for strong durability (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: CAC module development, thermal strain analysis, Powertrain

VEHICLE DYNAMICS

2019 E 76

A NEW METHOD FOR DAMPER CHARACTERIZATION AND REALTIME CAPABLE MODELING FOR RIDE COMFORT

Benz, David and Pfeffer, Peter E.



Ride comfort requirements are going to increase in the future due to autonomous driving. Therefore improved damper (shock absorber) modelling is needed to get high quality simulation results even at small and random excitation. A further challenge in hardware in the loop applications is the real-time capability. Mostly simple damper models are acceptable for ride comfort simulations; however they are not able to adequately describe vertical effects, such as stiction. Complex models are usable for ride comfort simulation but they reach the limits of real-time capability. For an adequate trade-off between real-time application, complexity and validity a new method for characterizing and modelling of a real-time capable damper model for hardware in the loop applications was developed. As a first step toward real-time model improvement, a straight forward modelling method was used. The basic concept of real-time damper model modelling is to break down the damper in three essential force models. These models are a nonlinear gas force model, a nonlinear damper characteristic model and a nonlinear Dahl friction model. The mentioned force models result in the modelled overall damper force. In addition to the so called VDA characterization methods, the damper is characterized with respect to small excitations and velocities. With a rear axle damper in hardware in the loop application, researches on ride comfort with a quarter-vehicle model were made. The outcomes show a significant improvement of predictive power at small and random excitations compared to a common damper model, predict ride comfort and the improvement was 12.4 %.With this straight forward modelling

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method and a slightly increased characterization and parameterization effort it is possible to predict ride comfort even at small and random excitations (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Damper Modeling, Shock Absorber Modeling, Real-Time Capability, Ride Comfort, HiL

2019 E 77

AERODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF HEAVY COMMERCIAL VEHICLE

Somvanshi, Jayant et al



In commercial vehicles, the greatest challenge is to improve the fuel economy and reduce emissions. The Aerodynamic drag control is one of the best ways to do the same. In Tractor-trailer assembly, the gap between the cabin and trailer and also rear end of the trailer are the critical areas which will affect the coefficient of drag drastically. The main objective of this work is to incorporate the drag reduction devices like roof fairing, boat tails and side skirts to the truck model and analyse their effect in reducing the drag. The generic model of commercial vehicle with various drag reduction devices and their different shape configurations are designed using hyper mesh and Solid thinking inspire software. A steady state analysis is carried out by using AcuSolve on truck model with various drag reduction devices. The simulation results are validated with wind tunnel test on the scaled down model of commercial vehicle with and without drag reduction devices. The result shows up to 12.7% reduction of drag coefficient with the usage of all drag reduction devices (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Commercial vehicle, coefficient of drag, SST, roof fairing, boat tail, side skirts, wind tunnel

2019 E 78

APPLICATION OF THE MOST ADVANCED METHOD FOR AERODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION IN THE EARLY DESIGN PHASE

Zheng, Xin et al



Early design of automotive products, stylists who designed the new car styling were not based on the Aerodynamic theory. Therefore, the new styling often has larger drag coefficient, without considering the Aerodynamic performance. To deal with this issue, an advanced Aerodynamic optimization method was used to solve the problem. The CFD engineer scan run this optimization quickly to find out the right optimization direction which will deliver a first design proposal to the styling designer in early design phases (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Aerodynamic, Automated optimization, Optimization direction, new workflow

2019 E 79

COLLABORATIVE SUSPENSION DESIGN PROCESS BY ASSOCIATIVE CAD AND SYSTEMS SIMULATION EXPERIENCE

Kanade, Pratik et al



The automotive suspension design process deals with different types of suspension data at different stages of the development process. This demands a deep collaboration between the systems engineers, CAD designers, and CAE analysts. The objective of this study is to build a seamless and collaborative vehicle suspension design process in CAD and CAE based on the systems engineering concept. The suspension design process involving CAD, CAE, and systems engineering, starts with defining the requirements of the system. This study will focus on a double wishbone type of suspension. Initially, the design parameters for the vehicle suspension are defined based on the hard point location coordinates. A sophisticated systems model is developed based on these design parameters for the vehicle suspension skeleton model and sequentially, a vehicle suspension K&C (Kinematics and Compliance) analysis test rig is modelled as well. The design variables from the systems model are then mapped one-to-one to the CAD model. Then, parametric optimization of the design parameters is run to achieve the best vehicle handling performance through K&C analysis, and the optimized model is confirmed by performing a full vehicle dynamic analysis. Also, the initial design space of the upper control arm is built on the skeleton suspension CAD model and topology optimization is performed to obtain the shape of the upper control arm (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: 3DEXPERIENCE, Suspension Design, Optimization, Systems Engineering, CAD, CAE, FEA

2019 E 80

CONTROLLING LATERAL VEHICLE PULL DURING BRAKING IN A LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE WITH LEAF SPRING SUSPENSION THROUGH OPTIMIZATION OF STEERING LINKAGE HARDPOINTS

Khanna Nitin et al



The primary objective of this paper is to highlight the iterative approach carried out in half car and full vehicle dynamics simulation to identify key hard points adversely affecting lateral vehicle pull under normal and panic braking situation and subsequently demonstrate the same on actual test vehicle. Leaf spring is subjected to linear movement, angular oscillations and spring wind-up during braking. The spring wind-up plays a pre-dominant role in brake steer behavior of vehicle resulting in lateral vehicle pull on applying brakes. A full vehicle ADAM Scar model is used for this optimization study. The steering system of the LCV consists of steering wheel, steering column, variable ratio steering gearbox with recirculating ball mechanism, pitman arm, draglink, steering arm and master tie rod. The aim

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of this optimization study is to identify key steering linkage hard points adversely affecting lateral vehicle pull and to quantify their contribution to iteratively arrive at an optimum steering linkage hard points combination which will minimize the brake pull sensitivity of the vehicle. The last step is to verify these improvements through vehicle testing in a braking manoeuvre. Vehicle level test results display a strong correlation with ADAMS Car analysis. This study helps us in understanding the subtle details of steering linkage design requirements and provides us a design guideline to deliver a better product. There are no specific limitations for implementing this methodology. However, before finalizing hard points care should be taken to maintain other critical parameters such as bump steer, roll steer and steering effort within acceptable limit. Through this paper we have attempted to bring forth new design considerations for a steering linkage geometry which we feel will be useful for future reference of similar steering system architecture. Key contributing steering linkage hard points which affect brake steer and leaf spring wind up have been verified thoroughly with the help of objective testing after evaluating analytically. Design recommendations have also been included in this paper for future use (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Steering linkage hard points, spring windup, brake steer

2019 E 81

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF EPAS USING AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

Kale, Jyoti G. et al



Technologies in steering systems have been advancing since the adoption of hydraulic power steering in automobiles in the 1950s. Steering systems are turning to electronic control in order to meet market needs such as improved fuel efficiency, safety and comfort. An Electric Power Steering (EPS) system is equipped with an electric motor to provide assist steering torque and utilizes a torsion bar associated with a sensor to measure the driver torque and apply it as a command to the steering torque control loop. Traditional hydraulic power steering systems have provided remarkable performance for many years in terms of handling, cost, and comfort. However, these systems have the drawback of adding load on the engine. The hydraulic pump runs regardless of whether steering assistance is required or not, in fact the power needed to run the pump is highest at high speed, when the required steering assistance required is least. Automotive manufacturers are moving to EPSto provide the convenience of steering assist with a smaller engine and reduced fuel consumption. This paper defines the methodology to implement an India specific EPAS system in small car. This paper includes concept study, design of mechanical column, control strategy, torque sensor integration, motor integration, and prototype development along with performance trials on vehicle. The performance of developed system was evaluated (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Electric Power Steering, EPAS, Torque Sensor, Steering Effort, Steering Assist Motor.

2019 E 82

EFFECT OF AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON MOTORCYCLE STABILITY AND HANDLING

Singhania, Sharad and Venkata Mangaraju



The demand for premium motorcycles with engine capacity above 250 cc and top speeds above 120 km/h has increased in India. At such high speeds stability of a motorcycle is crucial for safety and aerodynamics plays a major role. The objective of this research is to study the influence of location of aerodynamic centre of pressure (COP) and sensitivity of aerodynamic forces on stability and handling of a motorcycle. A comprehensive rigid body model of a motorcycle is built using a multi-body dynamics software (MBDS), VI Motorcycle. Simulations are performed using the verified multi-body dynamics (MBD) model simulated on a straight path at different speeds. Two methods of analysis are used to evaluate the effect of aerodynamic parameters on weave and wobble stability. In the first method, a linear Eigen value analysis is performed and real part of root locus is studied. In the second method, a non-linear analysis is performed by applying an impact about the steering pivot. Damping ratio corresponding to weave and wobble frequency from steer oscillation are studied. Further, front wheel reaction plots are compared to evaluate the handling behavior of the motorcycle. An optimal location for COP is identified for stability and handling performance, and also the sensitivity of aerodynamic forces is evaluated (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: MBD analysis, aerodynamic forces, centre of pressure, stability, and handling.

2019 E 83

FUEL ECONOMY ENHANCEMENT OF AN SUV BY AERODYNAMIC DRAG REDUCTION USING ADD-ON DEVICE SPOILER WITH VALIDATION ON 1:5 REDUCED SCALE MODEL

Pandey Aditya et al



Flow structure in the wake region is most critical parameter for vehicle aerodynamics. For an SUV it's dominated by downwash and secondary three-dimensional vortices associated with it, which creates lower pressure at the rear that increases the aerodynamic drag. This paper presents a study on drag reduction by controlling the flow in the wake region using add-on device 'Spoiler'. In this work firstly baseline full scale model of an SUV is investigated numerically in virtual wind tunnel and then a 'Spoiler' has been investigated for drag reduction. As a proof of concept 1:5,3D printed reduced scale model with and without spoiler has been tested in wind tunnel. In this work drag reduction has been observed in full scale simulation and reduced scale wind tunnel testing also. An approach has been presented in this study for validating various concept for aerodynamic improvement using reduced

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scale model wind tunnel testing. In this paper scaled model wind tunnel testing and simulation has been compared to have better understanding of flow structure and validation of CFD methodology, around 97% correlation has been observed in force measurements. Further this paper discusses about relation between Fuel economy and aerodynamic forces acting on vehicle. In present work using engine power consumption equation fuel economy improvement of 2.04 % has been obtained theoretically with add-on device 'spoiler' (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Fuel economy, aerodynamic drag reduction, device spoiler, reduced scale model, Vehicle Dynamics

2019 E 84

INFLUENCE OF VEHICLE SPEED AND SUSPENSION DAMPING ON HUMAN BODY IN PASSENGER CAR

Anandan, Arivazhagan et al



The objective of the study was to achieve better ride comfort for the passengers in the conventional vehicle, by limiting the speed while crossing the sinusoidal bump. For this study, quarter car model with 2-DoF and multi-body dynamics with 4-DoF is considered. Multibody dynamics was generated using the lumped mass parameter. The governing equation of the system was developed by using Newton's second law of motion. A sinusoidal single bump road profile based on the parameters was also developed. MATLAB/SIMULINK software was used to incorporate the system. Simulation test was carried out by varying the vehicle speed and suspension damping coefficient. In this paper, head acceleration of the passenger and tire deflection is considered to quantify the ride comfort and road holding property of the vehicle. The results were carried out for men and women by varying the vehicle speed and suspension damping coefficient. Finally, suitable speed and damping coefficient to achieve better ride comfort for male and female and good road holding characteristic while crossing a sinusoidal bump were arrived at (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Quarter car; Biodynamic; Ride comfort; Damping factor; Vehicle speed

2019 E 85

INSTANTANEOUS HIGH FREQUENCY CONTROL FOR IMPROVING RESPONSIVENESS IN REVERSE STEERING

Kim, Tae Hong



In the conventional electric power steering apparatus, a method of improving the steering feeling by controlling the

hysteresis width generated according to the change of the gain in the reverse steering by the method of compensating the column torque is proposed. However, there is a problem that the steering feeling such as inertia feeling and hanging feeling of the steering wheel cannot be effectively improved. The purpose of this study is to compensate the necessary high frequency signal momentarily during the reverse steering to improve responsiveness and to improve steering feeling effectively. Generally, when a driver performs a reverse steering, a steering sense such as a sense of hitching or stickiness occurs due to inertia, a clearance, and a frictional force of a mechanism or a motor. In order to solve the problem, unlike a relatively general steering condition, In order to control this effectively, it is very important when and how to compensate for some form of auxiliary output. In this study, it would be demonstrated that it is possible to improve the responsiveness and steering disturbances while maintaining the existing steering feeling by rapidly detecting the reverse steering situation by amplifying the high frequency signal of the instantly optimized column torque without delay of signals through actual vehicle test and computer simulation (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Reverse steering, Responsiveness, Steering disturbance, Instantaneous control, Inertia

2019 E 86

PARAMETRIC MODELS FOR VEHICLE CENTRE OF GRAVITY FOR SENSITIVITY ANALYSES TO ACHIEVE OPTIMIZED CONCEPT VEHICLE ARCHITECTURE

M. Lakshmanprasad et al



In the conceptualization phase of vehicle development, for achieving reasonable dynamic performance, it is necessary that the architecture optimization includes reduction of vehicle centre-of-gravity (CG) height and achievement of intended weight distribution as one of the optimization criteria. However, there is no ready reckoner available to define the enablers that would aid the process. This paper aims to address this deficiency with the help of a new approach for optimizing the vehicle architecture. The new approach for optimizing the vehicle architecture is “Top-Down”, starting from vehicle dynamics performance targets, cascading to vehicle CG height and weight distribution requirements and defining architecture hard points to meet the requirements. Vehicle CG targets are confirmed based on trend analysis of global benchmarks. Parametric models have been developed based on regression analyses of benchmark CG-positions with their architecture parameters. With the help of these models, it is possible to identify enablers for vehicle CG height reduction and achieving intended weight distribution in concept vehicle architecture. This approach helps in effective frontloading of vehicle dynamics performance requirements in the vehicle architecture in the concept phase of vehicle development (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Center-of-Gravity, Parametric modelling, Sensitivity analysis, Architecture Optimization

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2019 E 87

STUDY OF THE INDIAN BRAKE DURABILITY PATTERNS IN COMPARISON WITH THE MAIN WORLDWIDE PROGRAMMEMES

Ferrer, Bernat and Mateu, Roger



Understanding special market features is one of the most important activities when developing a product in the automotive industry. In the brake system field, brake durability programmes on public roads are one of the main requirements for development and final validation on almost all the OEM's vehicles. The local driving pattern is one of the key points included in the analysis of brake durability tests, and can be highly beneficial when identifying a market. Hence, the comparison between different locations might also be essential for further exercises. The objective of this study is to characterize two of the main brake durability patterns in India and compare them with other main programmes worldwide. The paper is focused on the Indian region characterization, including a comparison with the other main worldwide locations and using the brake durability programme as the method for defining and comparing each site. With the aim of assessing these markets, two main routes were performed in India, covering both city traffic (Delhi) and country side (Pune, Maharashtra) profiles. Regarding the rest of the worldwide programmes, Shanghai (China), Los Angeles (USA), Barcelona and Mojácar (Spain) were selected for their comparison, involving the Chinese, American and European markets for a complete loop. For each location, a standard route profile was defined (some of them already representing global standards of the brake industry) and local drivers were selected for the mileage accumulation (experienced in brake durability performance). In this way, the local driving pattern was fully characterized in each site and taken into account for the comparison. The main parameters used for this objective evaluation are as follows: number of brake applications, vehicle speed distribution, and deceleration ranges and brake temperature. The criterion of route severity, coming from a combination of the braking energy and power outputs of the brake applications performed are also introduced. This exercise increases previous studies made in the brake durability field, as the Indian market was never considered before. Therefore, the increase of the number of locations, as well as the high variation of markets, helps to enrich the comparison of the results. All in all, the results of this project show a controlled and robust comparison in all the mentioned aspects of the brake durability programmes. The peculiarities of each pattern are clearly demonstrated, showing both divergences and similarities and helping to understand each market. The outputs finally reflect very surprising results coming from the global comparison, giving a total new approach of the studies presented till now in this field, as it puts the focus on a market (India) which is in constant growth and is expected to make great progress in this sector (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Brake durability, Indian market, driving pattern

2019 E 88

STUDY ON HOMING LOGIC OF REAR WHEEL STEERING USING DFSS METHODOLOGY

Yoo, Sung Bem et al



The rear wheel steering system basically operates by external signal, receiving the steering angle and the vehicle speed input. If there is a problem with the external signal of the rear wheel steering, that will be able to change its state. One is immediate stop and the other is stop after move to neutral. In the case of stopping immediately, since it is fixed at a specific rear wheel angle, the front wheel angle must be rotated by the rear wheel angle in order to make a straight advance. However, if the vehicle moves to the neutral position, the driver will feel discomfort because yaw velocity is changed. It is necessary to decide how to set the time to reduce driver discomfort during traveling home. We used the Taguchi methodology of DFSS to derive the appropriate time without the driver's discomfort (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Rear Wheel Steering, RWS, 4 Wheel Steering, DFSS, Taguchi method

2019 E 89

THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRICTION LEARNING COMPENSATION EPS LOGIC CONTROL

Lee, Kyung-bok et al



The steering torque and steering feel can be related with the friction level of steering system. Also, differences in the friction level of steering system can cause different steering torque and steering feel. There are two main reasons why each steering system has the level of different friction in each vehicle: Manufacturing Distribution of steering system and durability deterioration by wear-out. Because of those reasons, the steering torque or steering feel can be lighter or heavier than the tuned one by test drivers. This paper focuses on overcoming different steering feel by distributed manufacturing and durability deterioration. This paper studied the feedback control logic in EPS. i.e., after monitoring and comparing the present steering friction level with the toned one, the EPS controls the amount of motor current... The technique used is the real-t ime feedback fr ict ion compensation by comparing between the level of the current steering effort and the target level of the tuned steering effort. The objective of this study was to keep the same steering feel even though the car is old and differences in manufacturing are generated by using EPS' friction compensation logic. The drivers' steering patterns and changes of steering torque (it can be the steering feel) in durability deterioration tests were analysed by carrying out a large number of tests in different test conditions. The EPS new logic module has been added in

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the EPS basic logic. Those tests were carried out by using the simulator and the actual vehicle tests. The results of simulations and actual vehicle tests showed that this logic works well to reduce distribution of steering torque (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Steering system, EPS, Friction Compensation, Learning, Feedback Control

2019 E 90

THE SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS OF ACTUATORS OF AN MECHATRONIC WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM

Belousov, Boris et al



The steering and wheel suspension system design should be customized for automated control action. In this case, the ability to create a carrying and propelling module as part of the wheel, wheel suspension and wheel turning system for nonlinear motion is of paramount importance. Among all the existing technical solutions, electro-hydraulic drives can best meet this requirement. The selection of the electro-hydraulic drive executive elements (actuators) is a challenging task for the designer. This topic has not been covered in scientific and technical papers as applied to the vehicle wheel module. The paper presents analysis results for several actuator options. It contains recommendations and basic calculations for an efficient scheme of hydraulic actuators of the vehicle steering system with vertical wheel loads from 50.9 kN to 70.0 kN. The system of hydraulic actuators should turn the wheel according to the control signal set by the driver or automatic driving system. The steering rate at 1.35 to 4.5 kNm torque in the wheel contact area shall be within 0.35 to 0.40 rad/s. This requirement is inherent in the road safety requirements. The paper considers four options of the vehicle wheel steering architecture (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Mechatronics, steering system, actuator, schematic diagram

2019 E 91

TO REDUCE RIDE AND HANDLING VARIATIONS BETWEEN VEHICLE TO VEHICLE BY OPTIMIZING THE VARIATIONS IN PART LEVEL DIMENSIONAL DEVIATIONS, STIFFNESS COMPLIANCE USING ROBUST ANALYSIS APPROACH

Balaga, Srinivasrao et al



Ride and Handling parameters will vary from vehicle to vehicle due to allowed deviation in the manufactured parts and it is a known fact. Tightening the tolerance will result in minimizing the variation in the build quality, but stringent control of tolerance also leads to increase in the part cost and

ultimately the vehicle cost. The objective of this study is to optimize the variation of ride and handling parameters from vehicle to vehicle by controlling selective parameters in ride and handling and those parameters sensitiveness over parts tolerance, to optimize both cost and development time. The variation of parts dimensions is taken from a different lot with sample size of 100 and processed for tolerance stack analysis using 3DCS tolerance variation simulation software. The required hard points are measured for maximum and minimum six-sigma deviation. These variations are considered as input to ADAMS using MODE FRONTIER algorithm for K&C analysis. Using the results from ADAMS for a set tolerance band, sensitivity analysis is done for selected ride and handling parameters against the parts and then the tolerance band is increased to confirm the sensitivity direction. For optimized tolerance band, iterations are increased which satisfies the six-sigma target. The parameters which were effecting the Ride and Handling were identified and detailed study is done for cost and process optimization. This study will identify the hard point's directions which are to be controlled. Sensitiveness of hard point direction and values towards selected parameters lead to optimization of hard points in initial product development stage, this approach will save the cost and development time. Parts which require stringent control of tolerance is found and those will be changed to reduce the ride and handling variation between the vehicles (AUTH)

KEYWORDS: Ride and Handling, Robust analysis, 3DCS, MODE FRONTIER

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTS


TECHNOSCAN

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 35

1. SIMULATION IS THE KINGPIN

Author: Dr Arun Jaura

(AutoTech Review, April 2019, Volume 8, Issue 4)

URL: https://autotechreview.com/opinion/decoding‐technology/simulation‐is‐the‐kingpin

Simulation through virtual tools and methods is imbibed in every developmental step of product life cycle. These tools and methods have become mandatory to efficiently manage time and resources, and meet consumer expectations of using newer products in quicker cycles. The rapidity of launching new features, product attributes and the changing ecosystem of networks, protocols and digitalisation has challenged and changed the paradigm of integrating and simulating real-world usage conditions. Simulating the real-world for a product before it actually goes to consumers is a big leap. Simulation is a – 'must-have' rather than 'nice to have'.

Penetration of simulation and virtual tools is incredible. It is done for the simplest process, product or ecosystem to large footprints that encompass complexities that were formerly unknown to mankind. Managing demanding energy requirements against the available limited energy is not an easy proposition in the ever-changing world of adding features to vehicles and the evolving mobility infrastructure. Simulating the environment with the operating variables and the vehicle, as it would integrate in the environs along with the consumer, requires an in-depth understanding of the ecosystem.

Anticipating these requires an integrated working environment to define each design specification and its effect on end-to-end usage – time to launch, target markets, norms and regulations for a long term product lifecycle, after sales, design capability, manufacturing complexity, distribution and dealership infrastructure, and the carbon credits that can be attained. It is about the circular economy of the mobility ecosystem. Simulation could be a possible synonym of energy efficiency.

The e-mobility growth has created a newer operating environment, where the conversion of challenges into opportunities is still being defined. In this scenario and in

autonomous driving, the energy equation inside and outside the vehicle has vigorously changed from the conventional mobility era. The only way to reach this elusive balance will be to simulate the needs and demands, instead of being surprised with non-functionality or high costs that make e-mobility non-viable.

DELIVERING RESULTS: Simulation, of course, requires and ensures creation of design specifications, and highlights FMEA and Pugh analysis. It lays out interactions between intra and inter-sub-systems to leverage relevant methods for delivering results in multiple scenarios. In terms of the skill-sets required to define these frameworks and then run simulations, it is an imperative to have systems integrators that have polyvalent occupational experiences with transverse knowledge to collate and define implementation plans based on data analytics.

For a simulation process that adds value to the product or process, analysis of data to be able to get to the right touch points and interpreting corresponding actions is mandatory. Data analysts' capability to review big data, construct algorithms and use the tools rightfully is a no compromise. The value of simulation could be undermined by globally predicting percentages of time and cost saved. In real world, the savings and speed to market are application dependent, with the complexity, reliability and the refined accuracy necessary for the system being analysed.

Blockchain, the next digital revolution, has the potential in not only saving significant cost and time but also transforming simulation practices. Its potential applicability cuts across various segments to make it a very important integrator. The flexibility is provided through its ability to converge modularity, scalability and traceability.

CONCLUSION: The importance of simulation and virtual tools cannot be emphasised enough. However, the success of simulation depends on lesser 'do-learn-do' loops, where it is important to update knowledge databases through information & IP security. The success and value add are dependent on rigour, skills, prioritisation, upstream integration, downstream verification and reliable data management. For a sustainable deployment and continual energy efficiency, simulation is the kingpin.

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2 .CABIN CONDITIONING FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Author: Peter Drage

(AutoTech Review, April 2019, Volume 8, Issue 4)

https://autotechreview.com/technology/cabin‐conditioning‐for‐electric‐vehicles

In electric mobility, there is often a conflict of objectives between thermal comfort and range. With an innovative thermal management concept, AVL qpunkt aims to counteract this. This can be achieved by a combination of using surface heating elements, alternative refrigerants for heat pump systems and utilisation of advanced control systems to achieve a reasonable driving range extension, while assuring a comfortable cabin climate.

SUCCESS OF ELECTRIC MOBILITY: According to statistics and market surveys, a significant increase in market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) has been identified. In Austria, 353,320 new vehicles were registered in 2017, out of which 7,154 were electric, marking a 74 % increase of new registered EVs in comparison to 2016 [1]. Similar trends within the automotive market can be observed not only in Europe, but also worldwide.

The success of electric mobility is determined, among other things, by one decisive factor: the driving range. The range of EVs can be enhanced by increasing the battery capacity and the energy efficiency of the entire vehicle. Air-conditioning and heating of the interior are considerable power consumers and significantly influence the EVs range, especially at extremely low or high ambient temperatures. In (1), a range reduction caused by the air-conditioning system at extreme ambient condition is shown. In this test, the power consumption of a full electric car was measured while driving the adapted Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) driving cycle.

Driving in the city at low average speeds, the electric power needed for cabin heating/ cooling is often in the same range as power needed for vehicle propulsion. As opposed to internal combustion engine driven vehicle, where the engine waste heat is used for cabin heating, in EVs the cabin is heated by an electrical heater or a heat pump powered by the battery. Furthermore, the heating and cooling strategy of the high-voltage battery for electric vehicles in combination with the interior air-conditioning must be presented in all operating points and driving conditions.

Strategies to reduce this range penalty through smart Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) concepts are discussed here. Development trends such as the introduction of heat pumps, change from purely convective heating to close-fitting conditioning based on combined radiation and convection of the interior will be addressed.

By installing a reversible refrigeration system used as a heat pump for heating in the winter and for cooling in summer, a significant reduction in energy consumption and thus an increase in driving range can be achieved. A heat pump is an efficient way to increase heat from the environment or heat from a lower temperature level to a usable cabin-heating temperature level.

In a concept shown in (2), a Micro AC cycle is shown. The operating modes of the Micro AC cycle are externally changed by switching the cooling circuits between heating, cooling and dehumidifying. The reason for the Micro AC cycle in contrast to an internally switchable refrigeration cycle is the reduction of number of refrigerant components and the amount of refrigerant. The various heat sources and heat sinks are integrated into the concept via coolant-driven secondary circuits. As heat sources, the ambient air as well as component waste heat can be used. The battery of the tested vehicle is air-cooled. Therefore, both the vehicle cabin and the powertrain can efficiently be conditioned.

(1) Range reduction as a result of heating/cooling at +40 and -10 °C (© AVL)

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In addition to most energy-efficient operation, an emphasis is placed on thermal passenger comfort. Here, both in the simulation and in the vehicle test, the user-specific comfort requirements as a function of driver/ passenger age and health are addressed in the air-conditioning operation. Infrared heating surfaces, (3), provide improvement in transient heating behaviour while reducing the air temperature at the same perceived temperature, (4).

(2) Schematic representation of the heat pump concept (blue curcuit) (© AVL)

(3) Principle of an infrared cabin heating system (© AVL)

(4) Radiation heating maintains comfort at lower air temperatures according to Bedford and

Liese's comfort diagram [2] (© AVL)

COMFORT EVALUATION: Especially with radiation heating surfaces, the comfort rating is of even greater importance. Either cabin simulations or special measurements are carried out and these are evaluated by means of special scales. Comfort ratings are very often found using global comfort rating indices, such as the Ashrae 55 scale [3] or the derived Predictive Mean Vote (PMV) scale [4]. The evaluation criteria were derived from the correlation of comfort, temperature, humidity, gender and duration of exposure in a subject study.

The global comfort indices have a systematic disadvantage when local complaints occur. For example, if the passenger has a warm head and cold feet, the global thermal comfort value could be neutral because both effects cancel each other out. For this reason, a local comfort rating is required, especially in the extremely inhomogeneous environment of a vehicle compartment.

The ISO standard DIN EN ISO 14505-2 [5] defines equivalent temperatures and comfort indices of 16 body parts for summer and winter. Suppose passengers sit in an air-conditioned environment and wear light summer clothing, which equates to a clothing factor of 0.6 for the summer fall. Based on the comfort tables for the summer and winter cases shown in (5), evaluations are carried out using suitable models in the 3D CFD simulation.

(5) Comfort zones for 16 sections of the body, derived for the summer and winter cases (© AVL)

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT: In order to develop thermal management efficiently, a detailed analysis of the existing vehicle is required. For this purpose, extensive overall vehicle and component surveys are carried out, for example of the cabin, heat exchangers, the blower in the air-conditioning unit, the air-conditioning compressor and the existing cooling circuits.

The aim of the concept development is to design a refrigerant circuit based on propane (R290) as refrigerant for the efficient conditioning of the passenger compartment and drive train. Furthermore, by developing a suitable safety concept to meet the special

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requirements of using a refrigerant classified as flammable, it is ensured that no increased risk of personal injury can occur. In cabin conditioning at the same time, the sense of comfort of the occupants compared to the base vehicle must be maintained. In this context, an efficient regulatory strategy is being developed to achieve the two competing goals of reducing energy consumption and maintaining comfort.

In the development of the heat pump concept, a new refrigerant circuit using the environmentally friendly refrigerant R290 is designed. The refrigerant circuit is very compact in order to achieve a refrigerant charge <150 g. R290 is a non-toxic Hydrocarbon (HC) and has an ozone depletion potential of zero. Its direct contribution to the greenhouse effect is very low with a GWP100a value of 3. For comparison, R134a has a value of 1430. In (6), selected characteristics of the refrigerants R134a, R1234yf and R290 are listed.

(6) General properties of selected refrigerants (© AVL)

Furthermore, systems operated with R290 are characterised by the improved low-pressure level, especially at low ambient temperatures of -10 to -20 °C. The thus enlarged operating range of the heat pump has a favourable effect on the achievable range. However, HC refrigerants are flammable and therefore subject to international safety regulations and laws (for example, explosion protection guidelines, safety regulations). EN 378 [6], for example, limits the allowable refrigerant charge for comfort air-conditioners or heat pumps, depending on the security group, installation area and type of installation (direct or indirect system). For refrigerant charges of less than 150 g, systems with flammable refrigerants can be installed in a single occupancy area without any particular restrictions. Special standards dealing with the use of HC refrigerants in car air-conditioning systems are currently not known.

The distribution of the heat energy is performed via coolant-carrying secondary circuits. As a result, the refrigerant-carrying components run decoupled from the cabin, so that the risk can be excluded by the influx of the flammable refrigerant into the vehicle cabin in this way, or a complete encapsulation of the refrigeration system, (2) (blue coloured), is possible. In the first development step, the base vehicle was benchmarked to determine the

necessary heating and cooling capacity and the various heat flows in the powertrain and the entire vehicle under different environmental conditions and driving cycles.

Another part of the benchmarking involves the analysis of the space with the aim of developing an ideal packaging solution that will enable the construction of a demonstrator vehicle at the end of the project. The heat pump concept covers the entire development of the refrigeration circuit and the cooling circuits and thus includes the entire thermal management. In order to achieve efficient operation with a high Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) in cooling mode or a high Coefficient of Performance (CoP) in heating mode, individual components have to be redesigned.

Based on extensive measurements of the vehicle and certain components, a virtual development concept was created and COPs and EERs were determined. By means of modelling, appropriate operating strategies and control strategies of the system can be derived and the concept can be virtually optimised before it is integrated into the vehicle. Through virtual development, development times and hence development costs are reduced.

ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL: Due to the low heat loss of the powertrain of an electric vehicle at a low temperature level, the heat cannot be recycled directly, but it is indirectly used as an additional heat source for the heat pump. As a refrigerant for such a heat pump, various fluids with different fluid properties are available. Propane delivers a high heating power even at low temperatures down to -20 °C, good environmental compatibility compared to conventional refrigerants and operates at comparable operating pressures. By additionally improving thermal insulation of the heat carrying lines, the high pressure level in the refrigerant circuit can be reduced at the same target temperature. Therefore, the refrigerant cycle must be placed as close to the air-conditioner as possible.

Long pipe lengths from the front of the vehicle to the refrigerant cycle are not a disadvantage, since they indirectly increase the heat exchanger area of the front heat exchanger (Front HX), (2). From the measurements of the base vehicle with high voltage auxiliary heater, the required electrical energy for cabin heating was determined, as well as the respective reduction of the range per driving cycle. When integrating a heat pump with propane refrigeration cycle, due to the COPs detected, the electrical power required for the heater (for example at -20 °C) is drastically reduced. This effect naturally has a positive effect on the range of the car, (7).

[1] AustriaTech:

Elektromobilität in Österreich 2

017/18 – Highlights.

Online: https://www.klimafonds.gv.at/wp-

content/uploads/sites/6/E_

Mobilitaet_Folder_2017-

18_final_BF.pdf, access: October 10, 2018

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(7) Increase of range depending on the outside temperature (© AVL)

SUMMARY: The development process of a thermal management concept using a heat pump for a specific vehicle application was presented. The concept combines different technologies such as infrared heating, a heat pump with a natural refrigerant (R290) and the application of thermal storage systems with the aim of maintaining the range with the same comfort despite extreme weather conditions.

The Quiet project was funded under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. The content of this publication was developed mainly through development cooperation with the consortium partners and does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission or its institutions.

[2] Bäuml, T.; Dvorak, D.; Frohner,

A.; Simic, D.:

Simulation and Measurement of

an Energy Efficient Infrared Radiation Heating

of a Full Electric Vehicle. Heidelberg: Springer-

Verlag, 2015

[3] Nilsson, H. O.:

Comfort Climate Evaluation

with Thermal Manikin Methods and Computer

Simulation Models. Universität von Gävle,

Schweden, 2004

[4] Brandemuehl, M. J.:

Environmental Systems

for Buildings I. Online:

http://ceae.colorado.edu/~brandem/aren3050/do

cs/ThermalComfort.pdf, access: April 18, 2018

[5] DIN ENEN ISO 14505-2:

Ergonomics of the

thermal environment – Evaluation of the thermal

environments in vehicles. Part 2: Determination

of equivalent temperature. Berlin: Beuth-Verlag, 2006

[6] ENEN 378-1:2008-02:

Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen – Sich

erheitstechnische und

umweltrelevanteAnforderungen. Teil 1:

GrundlegendeAnforderungen, Begriffe,

Klassifikationen und Auswahlkriterien. Berlin:

Beuth-Verlag, 2008.

REFERENCES

AUTHORS

DIPL.-ING. (FH) PETER DRAGE is Engineering Center Manager atAVL qpunkt GmbH in Graz (Austria).

DIPL.-ING. MARKUS HINTEREGGER is Project Leader Advanced Development at AVL qpunkt GmbH in Graz (Austria).

DIPL.-ING. GERALD ZOTTER heads the Department Thermal Management/Simulation at AVL qpunkt GmbH in Graz (Austria).

ING. MARIJAN ŠIMEK, M. A. is Key Account Managerat AVL qpunkt Deutschland GmbH in Munich (Germany).

AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS 40 Vol. 45, No. 5, May 2019AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

TECHNICAL ABSTRACTSIPR SCAN ( FUEL CONSUMPTION )

United States Patent� : 9,440,534

Date� � � : September 13, 2016

Family ID� � : 1000002100301

Appl. No.� � : 14/411,469

Filed� � � : July 5, 2013

PCT Filed� � : July 05, 2013

PCT No.� � : PCT/IB2013/055524

371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date� : December 26, 2014

PCT Pub. No.� � : WO2014/006602

PCT Pub. Date� � : January 09, 2014

Document Identifier� : US 20150322868 A1

Publication Date� : Nov 12, 2015

Inventors� : Marenco; Silvano (Orbassano,

IT),Miglietta; Maurizio

(Orbassano, IT), Gaido;

Massimo (Orbassano, IT),

Murdocco; Vincenzo

(Orbassano, IT)

Applicant� : C.R.F. SOCIETA'

CONSORTILE PER AZIONI,

Orbassano, IT�

Assignee� : C.R.F. Societa'

ConsortilePerAzioni

(Orbassano, IT)

AUTOMOTIVE GAS PEDAL MANAGEMENT TO INCREASE DRIVING SAFETY AND REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION AND EXHAUST GAS EMISSION IN MOTOR VEHICLES

ABSTRACT: An automotive accelerator device includes an accelerator member movable in response to driver operation, a position sensor associated with the accelerator member to output a position signal indicating an operation degree of the accelerator member, and signal processing means configured to receive the position signal generated by the position sensor and to generate a command for a motor vehicle engine based on the position signal and a characteristic curve of the accelerator device that defines the command for the motor vehicle engine as a function of the position signal; the signal processing means are further configured to: receive signals indicating a current motor vehicle speed and a target motor vehicle speed, and to dynamically adapt the accelerator device characteristic curve based on the current motor vehicle speed with respect to the target motor vehicle speed.

Source: http://patents.com/us-9440534.html

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR POWER CONTROL IN AN AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE

United States Patent� : 8,486,574

Date � � � : July 16, 2013

Appl. No.� � : 12/502,250

Filed� � � : July 14, 2009

Current U.S. Class� : 429/430 ; 429/428

Current International

Class : H01M 8/04 (20060101)

Field of Search� � : 429/400-535

Inventors� : Jennings; Mark John

(Saline, MI)

Applicant� : Jennings; Mark John;

Saline MI, US

Assignee� : Ford Global Technologies, LLC

(Dearborn, MI)

ABSTRACT: A method for controlling a vehicle including a fuel cell system and an energy storage unit includes, if the fuel cell system is charging the energy storage unit, determining an average ratio of (i) a change in energy stored in the energy storage unit and (ii) a mass of hydrogen consumed by the fuel cell system to generate the change in energy stored in the energy storage unit. The method also includes, if the fuel cell system is not charging the energy storage unit, selecting a target operating power for the fuel cell system based on vehicle power demand and the determined ratio that sufficiently minimizes drive cycle hydrogen consumption by the fuel cell system.

http://patents.com/us-8486574.html

MULTI-BATTERY FUEL SAVING AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES

United States Patent� : RE40,820

Date � � � : July 7, 2009

Appl. No.� � : 11/810,155

Filed� � � : June 4, 2007

Inventors� : Rogers; Wesley A.

(Saint Clair Shores, MI)

Assignee� : Bradley; Charles W.

(Fort Lee, NJ)

ABSTRACT: A multi-battery charging system for reduced fuel consumption and emissions for an automotive vehicle. The system starts the vehicle with a start battery in a fuel

41 Vol. 45, No. 5, May 2019AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

IPR SCAN ( FUEL CONSUMPTION )

savings manner, removing electrical torque from the alternator shaft, and allows a second (run) battery to provide all or some of the current required by the vehicle loads as a fuel savings measure. The system also utilizes an electrically heated catalytic converter (EHC) and a third (EHC or storage) battery to provide a 3 to 15 second preheat and/or a 20 second current, during vehicle start, to the EHC heater coil, e.g., of a small EHC located in series with a standard catalytic converter for emissions reduction to reduce emissions during start. The start battery is recharged after start and switched out of the system fully charged for future vehicle starts. The run battery is recharged when its charge level drops below a predetermined level with an on board battery charging device powered from a 115 volt or 220 volt ac power line source external to the vehicle.

http://patents.com/us-re40820.html

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING CAMSHAFT T IMING, A IR/FUEL RATIO, AND THROTTLE POSITION IN AN AUTOMOTIVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

United States Patent� : 6,006,725Date � � � : December 28, 1999Appl. No.� � : 09/005,571Filed� � � : January 12, 1998

Inventors� : Stefanopoulou; Anna (Ann Arbor, MI), Jankovic; Mrdjan J (Birmingham, MI)

Assignee� : Ford Global Technologies, Inc. (Dearborn, MI)

ABSTRACT: A system for controlling camshaft timing, air/fuel ratio and electronic throttle position in an automotive internal combustion engine uses a controller for operating a camshaft phaser, electronic throttle positioner and fuel injectors. The controller determines camshaft timing, steady-state electronic throttle position, steady-state fuel supply, and compensatory transient electronic throttle position, and transient fuel supply such that an engine operating with the present system has the torque output characteristics matching a conventional engine having fixed camshaft timing, but with lower fuel consumption and lower exhaust emissions than a conventional engine.

Source: http://patents.com/us-6006725.html

United States Patent� : 10,273,923Date � � � : April 30, 2019Family ID 1000003979783Appl. No.� � : 15/381,608Filed� � � : December 16, 2016Document Identifier : US 20180171928 A1Publication Date : Jun 21, 2018

Inventors� : Hu; Yiran (Shelby Township, MI), Parrish; Scott E. (Farmington Hills, MI)

Assignee� : GM Global Technology Operations LLC (Detroit, MI)

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING FLUID INJECTIONS

ABSTRACT: A vehicle includes an engine having a combustion cylinder, and at least one fuel injector configured to supply a number of fuel pulse to the cylinder. A controller is programmed to issue a first fuel pulse command to actuate the fuel injector allowing fuel to pass through the fuel injector as a first fuel mass. The controller is also programmed to monitor a voltage across the fuel injector, and determine a preliminary fuel injector opening magnitude based on a rate of change of voltage. The controller is further programmed to assign the preliminary fuel injector opening magnitude as a maximum fuel injector opening magnitude in response to the first fuel mass being greater than a quantity threshold. The controller is further programmed to apply a scaling factor to adjust a second fuel pulse command to normalize the maximum fuel injector opening magnitude value to a predetermined full open value.


AUTO NEWS

1.INDIA SEEKS LITHIUM FROM SOUTH AMERICAN NATIONS TO MEET SOLAR ENERGY AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES TARGET

By: Huma Siddiqui | Updated: April 1, 2019 5:43 PM(Source: The Financial Express.com)

As India moves closer to implementing policies for achieving its massive targets for electric vehicles and solar energy having a sustainable supply of Lithium-ion is more important than ever. In this report we explain the steps being taken by India to localise Lithium-ion cell/ battery production in order to support future growth

With big plans to converting all its vehicles to an electric platform by 2030, India is reaching out to the `Lithium Triangle' in South America- Argentina, Bolivia and Chile seeking the rare metal Lithium to realise its goal. Lithium is needed making batteries not only for the vehicles but is also required for laptops, and mobile phones. There have been hectic diplomatic engagements with inward and outgoing visits to these countries. The common thread has been India seeking to either have joint ventures, acquisition and exploration of Lithium mines in these countries.

Last week, in the first-ever high-level visit by any Indian leader to Bolivia, President Ram NathKovind and his Bolivian counterpart Evo Morales had wide-ranging talks on strengthening relations in various sectors including space exploration, mining, mining, information technology, pharmaceutical and traditional medicines.

This was also the first time ever that President Evo Morales personally signed the Framework agreement establishing the commitment of Bolivia joining the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

Diplomatic sources confirmed to Financial Express Online that, “President Morales has never inked an agreement with any other leader of any country before. The fact that he personally inked the agreement is indicative of the importance of Indian President Kovind's visit to Bolivia.”

The International Solar Alliance (ISA), is an initiative by India and France, whose major aim is to fight climate change and global warming. In his bilateral discussions, Kovind offered cutting edge technologies that could help Bolivia in developing Lithium products. According to Morales the South American country Bolivia presently has confirmed investment of $4.5 billion for industrialising lithium.

Reports have indicated that companies from China and Germany have committed investments in the Lithium processing projects: Chinese company Xinjiang TBEA Group has decided to invest $2.3 billion and the state-owned Yacimientos de Litio Bolivianos has a joint venture with and Germany's ACI Systems in Uyuni for extraction of Lithium and has promised an investment of $900 million.

According to the joint statement issued at the end of Kovind's visit to Bolivia, the two countries have agreed to

not only have a joint venture for setting up Lithium Battery/Cell production in India but also to have a beneficial partnership to facilitate Bolivian supplies of lithium Carbonate to India.

Financial Express Online was the first to report that state-owned (KABIL) consortium of three PSU companies including: National Aluminum Company (NALCO), Hindustan Copper (HCL) and Mineral Exploration Corp Ltd., (MECL) and Bolivian state-owned Yacimientos del LitioBolivianos (Bolivian Lithium Deposits) (YLB) Corporation will have a joint venture of setting up a Lithium Battery plant in India.

The country holds more than 40% of known reserves of Lithium, most of it in Salar de Uyuni. Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest salt flat rich in Lithium -- a large ground covered with salt and minerals. During the visit, it was also announced that a delegation from National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage of India will be undertaking a follow-up visit to Bolivia later this year seeking battery storage solutions.

Argentina has the largest lithium resources in the world, due to the high exploration activity that has been explored in recent years. Bolivia is still not considered part of the lithium reserve, but has only the resource and Chile has 48% of the total lithium reserves in the world, located mainly in the Salar de Atacama.

Discussions between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Argentinean President Mauricio Macri earlier this year focussed on Lithium mining. Soon there will be a huge demand for solar panels which use Lithium-ION based batteries to meet India's target of 100 GW of solar power generation by 2022 too.

Where is Lithium in Chile? An interactive Map of Chile Shows the SALAR's in Chile from where the lithium minerals come. Salar de Atacama and Salar de Maricunga are the major projects and Lots of Companies are active in this Salars like SQM, SCM, Rockwood, SLM, Mineria Li, Cominor, Corfo, Codelco, Simbalik, Albemarle, and others, there are other Salars in Chile where the presence of Lithium mineral is found and exploration of Lithium is still going on.

Figure shows the World's Lithium update reserves and resources.


AUTO NEWS

The production of Lithium in Chile in 2011 was 12900 Metric Tons, 2012 was 13200 Metric tons, till 2015 production fell down which was recorded 10500 Metric Tons and then started increasing after 2015. It has been estimated that some 16.0 thousand metric tons of Lithium were produced in Chile in 2018.

During talks between President Kovind and his Chilean counterpart President SebastiánPiñera, among other issues, mining and exploration of Lithium is the focus.

According to a Survey Report on Lithium Market in Chile, posted on the Indian Embassy's website in Santiago, Chile -- a Chennai Based company Munoth Industries Limited (MIL) promoter of Munoth Group is setting-up India's first Lithium Batteries cell for Mobile phone.

Automobile sector Maruti Suzuki's parent company

Suzuki Motor Corporation (SMC) has tied up with Toshiba and Denso to set up the country's first lithium-ion battery

manufacturing facility in Gujarat and Mahindra & Mahindra has firmed up plans to set up an R&D centre and a new battery manufacturing unit in Chakan, Maharashtra. Mahindra has forged an alliance with South Korea's LG Chem to make lithium-ion batteries in India.

PTI Apr 05, 2019, 09.16 PM IST(Source: The Economic Times)

2.INDIA COULD ACHIEVE HIGH PENETRATION OFEV BY 2030: NITI REPORT

The report quantifies direct oil and carbon savings that vehicles incentivised under the FAME II would deliver.

India could achieve high penetration of electric vehicles (EV) by 2030 on the back of success of FAME II and other measures, according to a NitiAayog report. The penetration of EV vehicles could reach around 80 per cent in case of two-wheelers and 30 per cent for private cars, the report -- India's Electric Mobility Transformation: Progress to Date and Future Opportunities -- by the NitiAayog and the Rocky Mountain Institute.

The report quantifies direct oil and carbon savings that vehicles incentivised under the FAME II would deliver. "According to the analysis, if FAME II and other measures - in public and private space - are successful, India could realise EV sales penetration of 30 per cent of private cars, 70 per cent of commercial cars, 40 per cent of buses and 80 per cent of two and three-wheelers by 2030," the report said.

Extrapolating from the same, it added that the lifetime cumulative oil and carbon savings of all electric vehicles deployed through 2030 could be many-fold larger than the direct savings from FAME II. "For example, achieving these levels of market share by 2030 could generate cumulative savings of 846 million tonnes of CO2 over the total deployed vehicle's lifetime," the report pointed out.

According to the report, electric buses covered under FAME II will account for 3.8 billion vehicle kilometers travelled (e-vkt) over their lifetime "Vehicles eligible under FAME II scheme can cumulatively save 5.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent over their lifetime worth Rs 17.2 thousand crores," it said. The report suggested that the government should focus on a phased manufacturing plan to promote EVs, provide fiscal and non fiscal incentives for phased manufacturing of EVs and batteries.

The report also suggested different government departments consider a bouquet of potential policies, such a s c o n g e s t i o n p r i c i n g , Z E V c r e d i t s , l o w emission/exclusion zones, parking policies, etc. to drive adoption of EVs. The FAME II scheme, which was notified by the union cabinet in February 2019, aims to further accelerate India's commitment to a clean mobility future, sees the electrification of transportation as a primary focus


AUTO NEWS

3.ELECTRIC TWO-WHEELER SEGMENT TO BE AFFECTED THE MOST BY FAME-II: CRISIL

By: PTI | Published: April 8, 2019 11:57 AM(Source: The Financial Express)

Electric two-wheeler segment is expected to face a rough road in the initial phase of the FAME II Scheme with the exclusion of lead battery-powered such vehicles, as per a Crisil impact note. The central government late last month laid out the eligibility criteria for electric buses, passenger vehicles, three-wheelers and two-wheelers to avail the incentives under the 'Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles in India' (FAME-II) scheme. The criteria is based on minimum top speed, range per charge and acceleration as well as energy consumption efficiency of EVs.

"Our assessment of the product portfolio of various EV manufacturers indicates that the electric two-wheeler segment would be impacted the most by FAME-II rules. We believe more than 95 per cent of the electric two-wheeler models being produced now will not be eligible for incentive under FAME-II," Crisil said in the note issued Sunday.With the aim to promote eco-friendly vehicles, the government had launched the FAME India in 2015.

The second phase of the scheme, which is effective from April 1, will be for a period of three years with an outlay of Rs 10,000 crore and will be applicable to vehicles with 'advanced batteries' (excluding lead acid ones). According to the note, about 90 per cent of the vehicles that availed incentives under the FAME I scheme, which was operational between April 1, 2015, and March 31 this year, were electric scooters."FAME-II continues to exclude lead acid battery-powered two-wheelers. Additionally, as per the latest eligibility criteria, e-scooters ought to have a minimum range of 80 km per charge and minimum top speed of 40 kmph, alongwith riders on energy consumption efficiency, minimum acceleration and higher number of charging cycles. This precludes more than 90 per cent of the remaining lithium ion battery-driven models from the subsidy," it said.

Earlier, the incentive for lithium ion battery-based two-wheelers stood at Rs 17,000 or Rs 22,000, based on the fuel savings potential and irrespective of the size of the battery. FAME-II has linked the demand incentive to the sizeof the battery, with the government providing Rs 10,000 per kWh of battery used for a two-wheeler, it said."As the average size of a lithium ion battery in electric scooters sold during FAME-I was ~1.5kWh (average subsidy of about Rs 15,000 per vehicle), it reduced the average subsidy per vehicle by Rs 2,000 to Rs 7,000," it added.

As per the Crisil note, about 85 per cent of the outlay would be as a demand incentive applicable to buses, passenger vehicles and three-wheelers registered for commercial usage and public transport, along with privately

owned two-wheelers."EV makers have been caught off-guard by the stringent eligibility criteria leaving them no time to conform. They are expected to increase the battery size of their offerings for higher range and speed, improve battery technology for more charging cycles,among others, in their 2-wheelers in order to be eligible for the incentives," it said. Moreover, the requirement of 50 per cent localisation in manufacturing is also expected to be a hurdle for many original equipment makers. And going ahead, upgradation of products and localisation would increase the costs for e-scooters, which could hurt demand, according to Crisil.

EV makers are expected to take time to come up with new models eligible for FAME-II demand incentive along with the necessary level of localisation.It would happen only after they make changes in production and exhaust inventory of vehicles that are not eligible for subsidy, it added.

4.PRODUCTION CURBS HELP AUTO FIRMS REDUCE INVENTORY

area, an official statement said. FAME II intends to catalyze the market for faster adoption of EVs to ensure durable economic growth and global competitiveness for India's automotive industry, it added. RMI is an Indian and global nonprofit organisation focused on driving the efficient and restorative use of resources.

NEW DELHI | MUMBAI: Production rationalisation by manufacturers has helped retail sales of automobiles to grow much faster than wholesale, helping dealers reduce their mounting inventory.

Retail sales of passenger vehicles (PV) rose by 3.68% to 3,204,769 units last fiscal, while those of commercial vehicles and two-wheelers grew even faster by 22.34% to 978,811units and 9.56% to 16,509,893 units respectively, in FY19 as per data available with VAHAN dashboard. Though these numbers reflect the growth in retail sales, the actual sales numbers could be even higher given that vehicles registration data for four states is not available.

Wholesale volumes of PVs rose 2.7% to 3,377,436 units, of commercial vehicles by 17.55% to 1,007,319 units and two-wheelers by 4.86% to 21,181,390 units pan-India in the period under review. Indian automakers report wholesale dispatches to dealers, and the VAHAN dashboard records vehicle registrations in the local market but does not currently capture sales statistics of four states – Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Kerala.

LOW WHOLESALE GROWTH “Wholesale growth has been low on account of inventory correction undertaken by manufacturers over the past two months, but retail sales have been better than wholesale numbers,” said Sugato Sen, deputy director general at industry body Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM).

VG Ramakrishnan, managing partner at Avanteum Advisors LLP, said, “In any year, wholesale absolute numbers are always higher than retail numbers ... considering that there will be a 30-45 days stock in the system. This year retail outpacing the growth of wholesale is purely on account of lower factory output to balance dealer inventory.”

By Sharmistha Mukherjee, NehalChaliawalaET Bureau| Updated: Apr 11, 2019, 07.30 AM IST(Source: The Economic Times)


AUTO NEWS

During March, major OEMs (original equipment manufacturers) observed production cuts to help reduce the inventory with auto dealers, especially in the scooters segment, where the production was cut by half. Among others, market leaders Maruti Suzuki and Hero MotoCorp slashed production volumes by 20.6% (to 135,236 units) and by 19.45% to 578,229 units, respectively, last month. Toyota Kirloskar Motor cut production by 8% to 11,805 units, Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India by 67% to 177,186 units, Royal Enfield by 20% to 62,293 units in the month under review.

Source: Vahan dashboard and SIAM Analysis INVENTORY STATUS

According to data available with Federation of Automobile Dealers Association (FADA), passenger and commercial vehicle inventory now stands at 40-45 days and those of two-wheelers at 45-50 days, with 30 days being the norm.

In March, retail demand for automobiles also improved on a month-on-month basis showing an uptick in consumer sentiment. “All segments recorded positive growth in March compared with February sales, with two-wheelers leading the charge which indicates slight improvement in consumer sentiment and liquidity availability,” said FADA president Ashish Harsharaj Kale, adding, “The worst is behind us. We expect plateauing of declining demand and sales to stabilise in current normal range till the conclusion of the general elections.”

Government think tank NitiAayog has asked the oil ministry to help set up electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure at 1,000 fuel stations across the country, but industry executives said any such move will require redesigning of stations and a viable business model.

Easy access to charging facility is key to making EVs popular in India where cities are choking with vehicle emissions, prompting the government to think of new ways to create an ecosystem favourable to green vehicles. Since the talk of EVs got louder globally a few years ago, Indian oil marketing companies have been exploring possibilities of being relevant in a future probably dominated by EVs. Now the government order can accelerate their transition.

For EV charging to take off at traditional pumps, companies will need to come up with a viable business model as well a design tweak of filling stations, company executives and petrol pump dealers said.

Current design allows vehicles to enter from one end of the pump, receive fuel from dispensers and exit within minutes from the other end. Replacing one dispenser or a set of dispensers with electric chargers would stop the free flow of traffic at pumps since charging takes much longer than filling liquid fuel, said Nitin Goyal, treasurer at All India Petroleum Dealers Association. This would inconvenience customers and slow down business.

5.NITI AAYOG SEEKS MINISTRY HELP FOR EV CHARGING INFRA AT FUEL PUMPS

By Sanjeev Choudhar, ET Bureau| Updated: Apr 23, 2019, 11.31 PM IST(Source: Economic Times)

The turnaround time for a petrol or diesel car refuelling is 2-5 minutes, but for electric cars even fast charging would require at least 20 minutes. Slow charging could take much longer. This means fewer customers could be serviced in a day. “Today we don't know the kind of margin EV charging can offer. But before setting up a charging point, a dealer will evaluate if the business is as profitable as the liquid fuel business,” Goyal said.

Setting up charging stations at fuel pumps could be effective preliminary steps toward popularising EVs, though after a while charging points will proliferate to almost all places that can park a car or bike, Balwinder Singh Canth, a former marketing chief at IndianOil, said

AUTOMOTIVE SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURES: AN

INTRODUCTION

By : CHENG, HONG.

Publisher : Springer 7 Jul 2017

Edition : 1st ed. 2017 edition.

Description : 237 pages, 15.6 x 1.6 x 23.4 cm.

ISBN : 9783319586090.


BOOKS ADDED IN KNOWLEDGE CENTRE ( 2019-20)

Subject(s): Software architecture,automotive computers Software architecture

Summary: This book i n t r o d u c e s t h e concept of software architecture as one of the cornerstones of software in modern cars . Fo l low ing a historical overview of t h e e v o l u t i o n o f software in modern cars and a discussion of the main challenges driving that evolution, Chapter 2 describes the main architectural styles of automotive software and their use in cars' software. In Chapter 3, readers will find a description of

the software development processes used to develop software on the car manufacturers' side. Chapter 4 then introduces AUTOSAR – an important standard in automotive software. Chapter 5 goes beyond simple architecture and describes the detailed design process for automotive software using Simulink, helping readers to understand how detailed design links to high-level design. Next, Chapter 6 presents a method for assessing the quality of the architecture – ATAM (Architecture Trade-off Analysis Method) – and provides a sample assessment, while Chapter 7 presents an alternative way of assessing the architecture, namely by using quantitative measures and indicators. Subsequently Chapter 8 dives deeper into one of the specific properties discussed in Chapter 6 – safety – and details an important standard in that area, the ISO/IEC 26262 norm. Lastly, Chapter 9 presents a set of future trends that are currently emerging and have the potential to shape automotive software engineering in the coming years. This book explores the concept of software architecture for modern cars and is intended for both beginning and advanced software designers. It mainly aims at two different groups of audience – professionals working with automotive software who need to understand concepts related to automotive architectures, and students of software engineering or related fields who need to

PLUG IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN SMART GRIDS-INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES

By : FARHADSHAHNIA,

SUMEDHARAJAKARUNA.Contributor(s) : GHOSH, ARINDAM

Publisher : Heidelberg Springer

10 September 2016

Edition : 1st ed. 2015 edition.

Description : 349 pages, 15.5 x 2.2 x 23.5 cm.

ISBN : 9789811013768.

Subject(s): Electric vehicles Electric vehicle industry Engineering (General)

Summary: This book focuses on the state of the art in worldwide research on applying o p t i m i z a t i o n a p p r o a c h e s t o intelligently control c h a r g i n g a n d d i s c h a r g i n g o f batteries of Plug-in E l e c t r i c Ve h i c l e s (PEVs) in smart grids. Network constraints, cost considerations, t h e n u m b e r a n d penetration level of PEVs, utilization of PEVs by their owners, anci l lary services, load forecasting, risk

analysis, etc. are all different criteria considered by the researchers in developing mathematical based equations which represent the presence of PEVs in electric networks. Different objective functions can be defined and different optimization methods can be utilized to coordinate the performance of PEVs in smart grids. This book will be an excellent resource for anyone interested in grasping the current state of applying different optimization techniques and approaches that can manage the presence of PEVs in smart grids.

http://library.araiindia.com/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=18851

understand the specifics of automotive software to be able to construct cars or their components. Accordingly, the book also contains a wealth of real-world examples illustrating the concepts discussed and requires no prior background in the automotive domain.

http://library.araiindia.com/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=18857

49

Title : Automotive Tech.AD ChinaDate : 06-05-2019 to 07-05-2019Venue : Shanghai, ChinaEmail : [email protected]. : https://www.autonomous-driving- china.com/

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2019 MAY


FORTHCOMING EVENTS

Title : London Motor & Tech ShowDate : 16-05-2019 to 19-05-2019Venue : London ExCel, United KingdomEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.thelondonmotorshow. co.uk

Title : 10th International Conference on Multiphase Flow - ICMF2019Date : 19-05-2019 to 24-05-2019Venue : Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Email : [email protected]. : http://www.icmf2019.com. br/index.html

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Venue : Messe Stuttgart, GermanyEmail : chris.richardson @ukimediaevents.comWeb. : https://www, autonomousvehicletechnologyexpo. com/en/

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Title : Aviation Technology ForumDate : 04-06-2019 to 05-06-2019


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Title : 2nd Asia-Pacific Diesel Engine And Emission Summit 2019Date : 23-05-2019 to 24-05-2019Venue : Pullman Bangkok Grande Sukhumvit, ThailandEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.borscon.com/ 2019apde/en/

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2019 JUNE

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51

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Title : International Conference and Exhibition on Automobile & Mechanical Engineering (Automobile Conferences) 6th editionDate : 08-07-2019 to 09-07-2019Venue : Zürich, SwitzerlandWeb. : https://10times.com/automobile- conferences

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Title : International VDI Conference IT Security for Vehicles 5th editionDate : 09-07-2019 to 10-07-2019Venue : Düsseldorf, GermanyWeb. : https://10times.com/it-security-for- vehicles

Title : International Congress Drivetrain for VehiclesDate : 10-07-2019 to 11-07-2019Venue : Bonn, GermanyWeb. : https://10times.com/drivetrain-for- vehicles

Title : Lightweight Asia 2019Date : 10-07-2019 to 12-07-2019Venue : Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC), ChinaEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.lightweightasia.com/en/

Title : Fisita PlusDate : 11-07-2019 to 11-07-2019Venue : London, UKWeb. : https://10times.com/fisita-plus

Title : Automobile Engineering 2019Date : 12-07-2019 to 13-07-2019Venue : Yokohama, JapanEmail : [email protected]. : https://automobileengineering. enggconferences.com/

Title : Automotive Safety Summit Shanghai (ASSS)Date : 15-07-2019 to 16-07-2019Venue : Shanghai, ChinaWeb. : https://10times.com/asss-china

Title : Autonomous Vehicles SymposiumDate : 15-07-2019 to 18-07-2019Venue : Orlando, USAWeb. : https://10times.com/autonomous- vehicles-symposium

Title : Formula Student 2019Date : 17-07-2019 to 21-07-2019Venue : Silverstone, United KingdomWeb. : http://www.imeche.org/events/ formula-student

Title : Latin Auto Parts ExpoDate : 17-07-2019 to 19-07-2019Venue : ATLAPA Convention Center, PanamaEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.latinpartsexpo.com

Title : SAE CyberAuto Challenge™Date : 21-07-2019 to 26-07-2019Venue : Warren, Michigan, USAWeb. : https://www.sae.org/attend/cyberauto

Title : PHILAUTO 2019Date : 24-07-2019 to 26-07-2019Venue : SMX Convention Center, PhilippinesEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.philauto.org/

Title : ADS International Convention & TradeshowDate : 30-07-2019 to 02-08-2019Venue : Orlando, USAWeb. : https://10times.com/ads-international- convention-tradeshow

Title : MTA Annual Conference 86th edition

Date : 30-07-2019 to 01-08-2019Venue : Alexandria, USAWeb. : https://10times.com/mta-annual- conference

Title : Suspension Systems USA ConferenceDate : 30-07-2019 to 01-08-2019Venue : Ann Arbor, MI, United StatesWeb. : https://www.asdevents.com/ event.asp?id=20368

2019 AUGUST

Title : IAVSD Internatinamiconal Symposium On Dynamics Of Vehicles On Roads & TruckDate : 12-08-2019 to 16-08-2019Venue : Gothenburg, SwedenWeb. : https://10times.com/iavsd- internatinamiconal-symposium-on- dynamics

Title : 5th International Workshop on Heat/Mass Transfer Advances for Energy Conversion and Pollution ControDate : 13-08-2019 to 16-08-2019Venue : Novosibirsk, Russian Fed. Email : [email protected]. : http://iwht2019.org

Title : Vietnam Manufacturing Expo 2019Date : 14-08-2019 to 16-08-2019Venue : Cung Van Hoa Viet Xo (I.C.E.), VietnamEmail : vietnammanufacturingexpo @reedtradex.co.thWeb. : http://www.vietnammanu facturingexpo.com/

Title : GBF ASIA 2019Date : 16-08-2019 to 18-08-2019Venue : China Import & Export Fair Complex, ChinaEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.battery-expo.com/ index.php?lang=en

Title : KSAE Baja/Formula/EVDate : 16-08-2019 to 18-08-2019Venue : Saemangeum, KoreaEmail : [email protected]


FORTHCOMING EVENTS

Web. : http://jajak.ksae.org/eng/intro.php

Title : China International Tire Expo 2019Date : 19-08-2019 to 21-08-2019Venue : Shanghai World Expo Exhibition & Convention Center, ChinaEmail : [email protected] : http://www.citexpo.com.cn/ en/about_citexpo.php

Title : JSAE/SAE International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants MeetingDate : 25-08-2019 to 29-08-2019Venue : Kyoto, JapanWeb. : http://pfl2019.jp/

Title : MIMS Automechanika MoscowDate : 26-08-2019 to 29-08-2019Venue : Expocentre, RussiaEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.mims.ru/en-GB/

Title : Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants International MeetingDate : 26-08-2019 to 29-08-2019Venue : Kyoto, JapanEmail : [email protected]. : https://www.pfl2019.jp/

2019 SEPTEMBER

Title : COMTTRANS - International Commercial Vehicle Auto ShowDate : 02-09-2019 to 07-09-2019Venue : IEC Crocus Expo, Pavilion 3, Halls 13, 14, 15., RussiaEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.comtransexpo.ru/en- GB/about.aspx

Title : International Commercial Vehicle Auto Show 2019Date : 02-09-2019 to 07-09-2019Venue : Moscow, Crocus ExpoEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.comtransexpo.ru/en-GB/

Title : COMVEC Technology ConnectionDate : 09-09-2019 to 11-09-2019Venue : Indianapolis, IN, United StatesEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.sae.org/comvec

Title : COMVEC™Date : 09-09-2019 to 11-09-2019Venue : Indianapolis, Indiana, USAWeb. : https://www.sae.org/attend/comvec

Title : Air Vehicle Technology Symposium (AVTech)Date : 10-09-2019 to 12-09-2019Venue : Dayton, USAWeb. : https://10times.com/avtech-dayton

Title : COMVEC19Date : 10-09-2019 to 12-09-2019Venue : Rosemont, Illinois, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : European Automotive Sensor ConferenceDate : 16-09-2019 to 19-09-2019

53

Venue : Brussels, BelgiumWebsite : https://10times.com/european- automotive-sensor-conference

Title : AutoSens in BrusselsDate : 17-09-2019 to 19-09-2019Venue : Brussels, BelgiumEmail : [email protected]. : https://auto-sens.com/welcomeb/ ?promo=FISITAB15

Title : Connect2Car: Executive Leadership ForumDate : 17-09-2019 to 18-09-2019Venue : Chicago, Illinois, USA

Title : Engine Leasing SeminarDate : 17-09-2019 to 17-09-2019Venue : London, UKWeb. : https://10times.com/engine-leasing- seminar

Title : On-Board Diagnostics Symposium–North AmericaDate : 17-09-2019 to 19-09-2019Venue : Garden Grove, CA, United StatesEmail : [email protected]. : https://www.sae.org/attend/obd-na

Title : Automotive World Conference (AWC)Date : 18-09-2019 to 20-09-2019Venue : Nagoya, JapanWeb. : https://10times.com/awcq

Title : International Conference on GearsDate : 18-09-2019 to 20-09-2019Venue : Garching, GermanyWeb. : https://10times.com/gears-munich

Title : North American International Powertrain ConferenceDate : 18-09-2019 to 20-09-2019Venue : Chicago, Illinois, USAWeb : https://www.sae.org/attend/naipc

Title : Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 37th AnnualDate : 22-09-2019 to 25-09-2019Venue : Orlando, Florida, USAWeb. : https://www.sae.org/attend/brake

Title : SAE 2019 Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 37th AnnualDate : 22-09-2019 to 25-09-2019Venue : Orlando, Florida, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : TEKNO 2019Date : 23-09-2019 to 25-09-2019Venue : Expo Centre Sharjah, UAEEmail : [email protected]. : https://www.tekno-me.com

Title : AeroTech EuropeDate : 24-09-2019 to 26-09-2019Venue : Bordeaux, FranceWeb. : https://www.sae.org/attend/ aerotecheurope/

Title : Disruptive Technology for Defence TransformationDate : 24-09-2019 to 25-09-2019Venue : London, UK

Web. : https://10times.com/disruptive- technology-for-defence

Title : Auto.AI EuropeDate : 26-09-2019 to 27-09-2019Venue : MaritimProArte Hotel Berlin, GermanyEmail : [email protected]. : http://Https://www.auto-ai.eu/

Title : Operational Safe Systems For Level 5 AutomationDate : 26-09-2019 to 27-09-2019Venue : MaritimProArte Hotel Berlin, GermanyEmail : [email protected]. : http://Https://www.oss-5.com/

Title : 8th International CTI Conference ISO 26262 USADate : 30-09-2019 to 02-10-2019Venue : Diamond Center, GermanyEmail : registration@car-training- institute.comWeb. : http://go.evvnt.com/360219- 2?pid=6322

Title : Coach & Bus UKDate : 02-10-2019 to 03-10-2019Venue : Birmingham, UKWeb. : https://10times.com/coach-bus-uk

2019 OCTOBER

Title : Coach & Bus UK 2019Date : 02-10-2019 to 03-10-2019Venue : The NEC Birmingham, United KingdomEmail : [email protected]. : http://go.evvnt.com/397638- 0?pid=6322

Title : Electric Vehicles International Conference & Show (EV)Date : 03-10-2019 to 04-10-2019Venue : Bucharest, RomaniaWeb. : https://10times.com/electric-vehicles- international-conference-show

Title : EAEC 2019 - 16th European Automotive CongressDate : 07-10-2019 to 11-10-2019Venue : Minsk, BelarusEmail : [email protected]. : https://eaec-2019.eu/

Title : Equip Auto 2019Date : 15-10-2019 to 19-10-2019Venue : Paris Expo Porte De Versailles, FranceEmail : [email protected] : https://en.equipauto.com/

Title : Global Car Body Benchmarking Conference (EuroCarBody)Date : 15-10-2019 to 17-10-2019Venue : Bad Nauheim, GermanyWeb. : https://10times.com/car-body- benchmarking


FORTHCOMING EVENTS

Title : SAE 2019 Thermal Management Systems SymposiumDate : 15-10-2019 to 17-10-2019Venue : Plymouth, Michigan, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : Thermal Management Systems SymposiumDate : 15-10-2019 to 17-10-2019Venue : Plymouth, MI, United StatesEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.sae.org/tmss

Title : Korea Automotive Industry Exhibition

Date : 16-10-2019 to 18-10-2019Venue : SongdoConvensia, KoreaEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.koaashow.com/ eng/index.asp

Title : Automotive Interiors Expo Usa 2019Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019Venue : Suburban Collection Showplace, USAEmail : [email protected]. : http://Https://www.automotive- interiors-expo.com/detroit/en/

Title : Autonomous Vehicle Interior Design & Technology Symposium (Autonomous Vehicle Interior Design & Technology Sy)Date : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019Venue : Novi, USAWeb. : https://10times.com/autonomous- vehicle-interior-design-technology-sy

Title : SAECCE 2019 - China-SAE Congress & ExhibitionDate : 22-10-2019 to 24-10-2019Venue : Shanghi, ChinaWeb. : http://www.saecce.org.cn/

Title : Global Conference on Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering (Auto Mech)Date : 23-10-2019 to 24-10-2019Venue : Tokyo, JapanWeb. : https://10times.com/auto-mech

Title : 28th Annual Congress EVUDate : 24-10-2019 to 26-10-2019Venue : Barcelona, SpainWeb. : http://evu2019.org/

Title : Asia Workshop on Modeling and Mechatronics (AWMM)Date : 24-10-2019 to 26-10-2019Venue : Shanghai, ChinaWeb. : https://10times.com/awmm-shanghai

Title : Innovations in MobilityDate : 29-10-2019 to 31-10-2019Venue : Novi, MI, United StatesEmail : [email protected]. : https://www.sae.org/attend/ innovationsinmobility

Title : Advanced Engineering 2019Date : 30-10-2019 to 31-10-2019Venue : Birmingham, United KingdomWeb. : https://www.easyfairs.com/ advanced-engineering- 2019/advanced-engineering-2019/


FORTHCOMING EVENTS

2019 NOVEMBER

Title : 2019 ASEAN Automotive Parts Manufacturing SummitDate : 05-11-2019 to 06-11-2019Venue : JS Luwansa Hotel And Convention Center, IndonesiaEmail : [email protected]. : https://ringierevents.eventbank.com/ event/2019-asean-automotive-parts- manufacturing-summit-11981/

Title : AVFOP — 2019 Avionics and Vehicle Fiber- Optics and Photonics onferenceDate : 05-11-2019 to 07-11-2019Venue : Dallas, TX, United StatesEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.photonicssociety.org/ conferences/avionics-and-vehicle- fiber-optics-and-photonics- conference

Title : Small Engine Technology Conference 2019Date : 19-11-2019 to 21-11-2019Venue : Hiroshima, JapanEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.setc-jsae.com/

Title : Tech.AD UsaDate : 21-11-2019 to 22-11-2019Venue : The Henry, USAEmail : [email protected] : http://Https://www.autonomous- driving-detroit.com/

Title : Automechanika Shanghai 2019Date : 03-12-2019 to 06-12-2019Venue : National Exhibition And Convention Center (Shanghai), ChinaEmail : [email protected]. : http://automechanika- shanghai.hk.messefrankfurt.com/ shanghai/en/visitors/welcome.html

Title : Defense Maintenance and Logistics ExhibitionDate : 09-12-2019 to 12-12-2019Venue : Spokane, Washington, USA

Title : DOD Maintenance SymposiumDate : 09-12-2019 to 12-12-2019Venue : Spokane, Washington, USAWeb. : https://www.sae.org/attend/dod/

Title : Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems for Future TransportDate : 11-12-2019 to 12-12-2019Venue : United KingdomEmail : [email protected]. : http://www.imeche.org/icengines

Title : Autotech 2019Date : 13-12-2019 to 15-12-2019Venue : Egypt International Exhibition Center, EgyptEmail : [email protected]. : https://www.autotechegypt.com/ en/home.html

2019 DECEMBER

Title : WCX™ 20 : SAE World Congress ExperienceDate : 21-04-2020 to 23-04-2020Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : COMVEC20Date : 15-09-2020 to 17-09-2020Venue : Rosemont, Illinois, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : COMVEC™Date : 15-09-2020 to 17-09-2020Venue : Rosemont, Illinois, USA

Title : North American International Powertrain ConferenceDate : 16-09-2020 to 18-09-2020Venue : Chicago, Illinois, USA

Title : SAE On-Board Diagnostics SymposiumDate : 22-09-2020 to 24-09-2020Venue : Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

Title : SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants MeetingDate : 22-09-2020 to 24-09-2020Venue : Krakow, Poland

Title : SAE 2020 Thermal Management Systems SymposiumDate : 06-10-2020 to 08-10-2020Venue : Mesa, Arizona, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : Thermal Management Systems SymposiumDate : 06-10-2020 to 08-10-2020Venue : Mesa, Arizona, USA

Title : Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 38th AnnualDate : 11-10-2020 to 14-10-2020Venue : San Antonio, Texas, USA

Title : SAE 2020 Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 38th AnnualDate : 11-10-2020 to 14-10-2020Venue : San Antonio, Texas, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions Control SymposiumDate : 13-10-2020 to 14-10-2020Venue : Gothenburg, Sweden

Title : WCX SAE World Congress ExperienceDate : 13-04-2021 to 15-04-2021Venue : Detroit, Michigan, USA

2020 APRIL

2020 SEPTEMBER

2020 OCTOBER

2021 APRIL

2021 JUNE

2021 SEPTEMBER

Title : SAE 2021 Noise and Vibration Conference & ExhibitionDate : 14-06-2021 to 17-06-2021Venue : Grand Rapids, Michigan, USAEmail : [email protected]

Title : COMVEC™Date : 14-09-2021 to 16-09-2021Venue : Rosemont, Illinois, USAWebsite : https://www.sae.org/attend/comvec


Title : SAE On-Board Diagnostics SymposiumDate : 21-09-2021 to 23-09-2021Venue : Garden Grove, California, USA

2022 SEPTEMBER

2021 OCTOBER

2022 APRIL

Title : Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 39th AnnualDate : 17-10-2021 to 20-10-2021Venue : Orlando, Florida, USA



2023 APRIL

2024 APRIL

2025 APRIL




KC Version 8 Date : 11-07-2016KC Version 9 Date : 22-06-2018 KC /10

Automotive Research Association of India

Knowledge Centre

Feedback Form for Automotive Abstracts

Appendix - GKC/12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

SUBSCRIPTION FORM FOR AUTOMOTIVE ABSTRACTS

Date:

Subscriber No.

Dear Sir,

Please enroll/renew my/our subscription to Automotive

Abstracts for the period April ……… to March ………fo.r

print + e-version. I/We enclose payment oRf s. 3000/- for

print + e-version (within India) (Rs. Three thousand Rupees

only) and US $ 100 + 18% GST for e-version (for Foreign)

(US Dollar Hundred only) drawn in favour of The Automotive

Research Association of India, Demand Draft/Cheque No.

……………… dated …………… / Cash (if hand delivered).

Subscription period of Automotive Abstract is fixed April

to March.

NAME & DESIGNATION :

ORGANIZATION NAME :

ADDRESS & PIN CODE :

PHONE / FAX :

E-MAIL :

Signature

Receipt No. & Date :

Name :

(Company Seal)

Designation :

Company Address :

E-mail ID :

Contact Details :

Automotive Abstracts :(Please give your feedback/ remarks for following parameters on a scale of 1 to 10)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Poor Excellent

1. Coverage of topics:

2. Presentation:

3. Quality of Abstracts Selected:

4. Quality of Auto Clippings:

5. Quality of IPR Scans:

6. Coverage of Forthcoming Events:

7. Delivery on Time:

8. Any additional Suggestion / Value addition:

Place: Date:

Signature

ToDr. K.C. VoraSr. Deputy Director, Head, Academy & Knowledge Centre

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


SUBSCRIPTION FORM / FEEDBACK FORM

KC Version 9 Date : 22-06-2018

KC/13

KC/APPLICATION FORM FOR DEPOSIT ACCOUNT SCHEME(Deposit for Document Delivery Service)

Deposit Account No.

Date :

Dear Sir,

Please enroll us as a deposit holder. I/We enclose payment of

Rs.1500/- + 18% GST (as applicable) drawn in favour of Automotive

Research Association of India, Pune as our initial deposit. Demand

Draft / Cheque No. ……..…………… dated ……….……… / Cash (if

hand delivered).

The copy of all document copies supplied to me / us may be debited

to this account. Please remind me for renewal of the Account as and

when necessary. I assure to pay through Deposit Scheme for supply

of document copies.

I undertake that, copy supplied to me in compliance with the request. I

will use it only for purpose of research or private study.

Name & Designation

Organisation Name

Address Pin Code

Phone / Fax

E-mail

Signature

Receipt No. & Date : (Company Seal)

BENEFITS:

1. 10% Discount on the document delivery service to the Deposit

Account Holders subject to minimum invoice of Rs.50/-.

2. Immediate supply of document copies.

NOTE:

1. If minimum amount in Deposit Account goes below Rs.1000/- the

privilege of receiving 10% discount on document delivery will be

withdrawn till deposit account is brought back to Rs.1500/-

For more details contact Knowledge Centre at

[email protected]

Knowledge Centre - Membership Details

THE AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF INDIARegd. O翿 ce : Survey No.102, Vet al Hill, Off Paud Road,

Kothrud, Pune-411 038

Postal Address : P.O. Box No. 832, Pune-411 004 (India)

Phone : 91-20-30231192,30231193 Fax : 91-20-30231104

E-mail : [email protected]

Web site : http://www.araiindia.com

Type of Membership Fees

Company Membership Rs.5,000/- [+18%GST]p.a.(3 membership cards)

Educational/Research Institute Rs.3,000/-[+18% GST] p.a.

Membership (3 membership cards)

Individual Membership Rs.2,000/- [+18% GST]p.a.(1 membership card)

Monthly Membership Rs. 500/- [+18% GST] per month

Weekly Membership Rs.300/- [+18% GST] per week

Daily Membership Rs.100/- [+18% GST] per day

Rates for Valid

ARAI Member Companies

Rates for Other Companies

Rates for Educational / Research Institutes

Annual Membership Fee is Rs.15,000/- + 18% GST (as applicable) per annum + Refundable Deposit Rs.25,000/-



(Option 1 For

Reference Only) Free for SAEINDIA

(Option 2 - Book Borrowing Facility)

We look forward to your valuable Library membership for Book

Members

Borrowing Facility

For any query regarding Membership form, Rules etc., please feel free to contact us on our Tel. No. 020- 30231192 / 1193 and at email

IDs [email protected] / [email protected]

Dr. K. C. VoraHead, ARAI Academy & Knowledge Centre

P.S. : For SAEINDIA Membership, please contact

Mr. Sagar Murugkar at

[email protected]

(020-30231136, Mob. 09922277224)

at ARAI. For outstation members,

please contact [email protected].

(Option 1 - For Reference Only)


DEPOSIT ACCOUNT SCHEME FORM / MEMBERSHIP DETAILS

Option I : Membership for Reference Only

Category Annual Membership Fee + Please tick

GST (as applicable) mark

Company Membership Rs.5,000/- + 18% GST

(3 membership cards)

Educational / Research Rs.3,000/- + 18% GST

Institute Membership (3 membership cards)

Individual Membership Rs.2,000/- + 18% GST

(1 membership card)

THE AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF INDIARegd. O翿 ce : Survey No.102, Vet al Hill, Off Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune-411 038

Postal Address : P.O. Box No. 832, Pune-411 004 (India)

Phone : 91-20-30231192,30231193 Fax : 91-20-30231104 E-mail : [email protected] Web site : http://www.araiindia.com

KNOWLEDGE CENTRE ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FORM(Option 1: For Reference only / Option 2 : Book Borrowing Facility)

Membership No.Dear Sir,

Please enroll / renew my / our Knowledge Centre Annual Membership for (please tick mark )

Option II : Membership with Book Borrowing

Category Annual Membership Fee + Refundable Please tick

GST (as applicable) Deposit

Rs.15,000/- + 18% GST Rs.25,000/-

Companies

Other Companies Rs.30,000/- + 18% GST Rs.50,000/-

Educational / Rs.20,000/- + 18% GST Rs.50,000/-

KC Version 9 Date : 22-06-2018

Research Institutes

KC/13

I / we enclose Total payment of Rs. ________________ towards Annual Membership Fee drawn in favour of The Automotive

Research Association of India, Pune by Demand Draft / Cheque No.___________ dated ______ / Cash (if hand delivered).

Kindly arrange to issue necessary Membership Card.

Note: Kindly pay amount of Refundable Deposit by separate DD / Cheque / Bank Transfer.

Receipt No. & Date:

Name & Designation :

Organization Name :

Address :

Pin Code : Phone / Fax : E-mail :

We have read the rules and hereby assure you that we will abide by all Rules & Regulations of ARAI Knowledge Centre

while availing the facility.

Date : Authorised Signature

Company Seal

Provide the designated person’s details as follow (applicable for Option-II only) :

Particulars Representative 1 Representative 2

1 Name

2 Designation

3 Department

4 Office Tel.No

5 Mobile No.

6 Email ID.

7 Specimen Signature

8 2 Photographs (Stamp Size) (attach with the form) (attach with the form)

Option I : Membership for Reference Only Option II : Membership with Book Borrowing

ARAI Member

mark


KNOWLEDGE CENTRE ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP FORM


NOTES

ARAI, over five decades, has provided its design and development expertise to the Indian automotive industry, focusing on the testing and evaluation of components and systems to meet national and international standards. ARAI strives to achieve international recognition in these areas. In keeping with the globalization of economy and business, ARAI continues to enlarge its scope of services to meet the requirements of automotive industries around the world.

In addition to utilizing state-of-the-art technology, laboratories and highly-trained personnel, ARAI recognizes the need to develop a new generation of engineers to meet the demands of the automotive industry, not just in India but across the globe. ARAI Academy which has completed 15 years on 10 May 2019, is a Skill Development initiative of ARAI. It is classified into three divisions, viz Learning Centre, Training Centre and Knowledge Centre.

Learning Centre has embarked upon a programme of building up human resources by commencing educational programme (Graduate, Post Graduate & Ph.D.) with specialization in Automotive Engineering. It has tied up with VIT University (Vellore), VelTech University (Chennai), College of Engineering (Pune), and Christ University (Bengaluru).

Training Centre has devised various Proficiency Improvement Programmes (PIPs). It gives engineers, faculty and students knowledge and technical expertise in a wide range of automotive disciplines. It helps in understanding systems view point for automotive design and manufacture, with specific skills in formulating automotive engineering solution in terms of their function and performance, through optional modules. Domain Training Programmes (DTPs), where training is imparted at Custiomer's site are also becoming more popular. Academy is developing high quality e-learning modules called “ePIPs” on various Automobile Engineering subjects. These highly interactive eModules hosted on ARAI’s own Learning Management System (LMS) http://elearning.araiindia.com help users access these courses anytime & anywhere. With this, ARAI Academy has become global with 360 blended training approach.

PIP on "Advanced Automoitve Engineering" at CHRIST (Deemed to be University), 2015

PIP on "Engine Testing and Certification" at Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala

R & D Institute of Science and Technology, 2019)

MoU with VELTECH University for M. Tech(IC Engines & Automotive Electronics)

MoU with CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru for B. Tech ( Automotive Engineering)

MoU with VIT University, Vellore for M. Tech ( Automotive Engineering)

MoU with College of Engineering Pune (CoEP) for M. Tech ( AutomotiveTechnology )

Best Learing Centre Award toARAI Academy & Knowledge Centre by ISTD

Placement

The ARAI Academy SUPRA Team " Sultanz of Speed"won 1st Prize in ENGINEERING DESIGN AWARD

Team Sultanz of Speed in SAEINDIA SUPRA 2011 &2nd Prize in CAE AWARD at SAEINDIA SUPRA 2011

2nd Prize in "WEAVING SYNERGIES SPOT THE INNOVATION "Engineering

Student Contestat Auto-Expo 2018 in New Delhi

GURU AWARD by SAEINDIA FOUNDATION atSAEINDIA Foundation Annual Award Function on

30 th July 2014 at New Delhi.

DRONACHARYA AWARD as a Best Faculty Advisorat SUPRA SAEINDIA EVENT 2014 on 20 th July 2014

at Madras Motor Race Track, Chennai.

Please visit https://araiindia.com &

https://academy.araiindia.com for more information

Library Quiz Winners

Industry Academia Skill Development Excellence Award by

Odser Charitable Trust in 2018

"Quality Excellence Award for Teaching & Learning Practices" by 94.3 fm Network &

Stars of Industry Group at Mumbai

ARAI ACADEMY

th

O

MoU with VelTech University for M.Tech in Automobile Engineering with specialization in

Powertrain Engineering / Electric & Hybrid Vehicles.

Automotive Electronics, Calibration, Computer Aided Engineering, Emission Certification, Environment Research, Homologation & Management, Inspection & Maintenance Project Cell, Noise Vibration & Harshness, Passive Safety, Powertrain Engineering, Safety & Homologation, Structural

Business Development & Corporate PlanningInformation & Technology ManagementInfrastructure DevelopmentCentral Maintenance CellPrototype ManufacturingQuality Management Knowledge Centre

Service Division:

ARAI-HTC, Chakan, Pune

ARAI-FID, Chakan, Pune

Centre of Excellence - PowerTrain, Passive SafetyCentre of Excellence - Fatigue & MaterialCentre of Excellence - E-MobilityTransmission & Gear Test Centre

The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) established in 1966, is a co-operative industrial research association of the automotive industry with the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, Government of India. ARAI has been playing a crucial role assuring safe, less polluting and more efficient vehicles. ARAI provides technical expertise in R&D, testing, certification, homologation and framing of vehicular regulations. It works in harmony and complete confidence with its members, customers and the Government, to offer its finest services.

ARAI is well-equipped with state-of-the art infrastructural

ISO 14001 : 2015ISO 9001 : 2015 OHSAS 18001 : 2007ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013

CERTIFICATE

ISO 9001 : 2015

CERTIFICATE

ISO 14001 : 2015

CERTIFICATE

ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013

CERTIFICATE

OHSAS 18001 : 2007

ISO 9001 : 2015 ISO 14001 : 2015 ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013 OHSAS 18001 : 2007

CERTIFICATE

ISO 14001 : 2015

CERTIFICATE

ISO 9001 : 2015

CERTIFICATE

OHSAS 18001 : 2007

CERTIFICATE

ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013

Email : [email protected] | Website : www.araiindia.com

ARAI Homologation & Technology Centre (HTC) ARAI Forging Industry Division (FID)ARAI Registered Office

Postal Address: P.B. No. 832, Pune ‐ 411004. India

( Research Institution of the Automotive Industry with the Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public Enterprises, Govt. of India)

ARAI, Kothrud, Pune

Survey No. 102, Vetal Hill,Off Paud Road,Kothrud,Pune - 411 038, IndiaTel. : +91- 20-3023 1111Fax: +91- 20-3023 1104

Plot No. E1/1,MIDC Chakan Phase - III,Pune - 410 501, IndiaTel. No. - +91-2135-396 900 Fax: +91- 20-3023 1104

B-16/1, MIDC,Chakan,Pune - 410 501, IndiaTel. No. - +91-2135-259 042Fax: +91- 20-3023 1104

Academy Learning Centre (LC) Training Centre (TC) Knowledge Centre (KC)Forging and Heat Treatment ResearchAutomotive Engineering LabElectronics / EMC LabCalibration LabI.C. Engine LabSimulation LabNVH LabCAE Lab

ARAI - Kothrud, Pune

CERTIFICATE

OHSAS 18001 : 2007

CERTIFICATE

ISO 14001 : 2015

OHSAS 18001 : 2007ISO 14001 : 2015

CERTIFICATE

ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013

CERTIFICATE

ISO 9001 : 2015

ISO/IEC 27001 : 2013ISO 9001 : 2015

ISO/ IEC 17025 : 2005 ISO/ IEC 17025 : 2005

ARAI - HTC, Chakan

ARAI - FID, Chakan

CALIBRATION TESTING

ISO/ IEC 17025 : 2005 ISO/ IEC 17025 : 2005

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