APPENDIX - 2 TOOL FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA
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Transcript of APPENDIX - 2 TOOL FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA
Department of Home Science Extension and Communication
Faculty of Home Science
The Maharaja Sayajirao University
Vadodara.
Respected Madam / Sir,
I am a Ph.D. Student in the Department of Home Science Extension and
Communication, Faculty of Home Science, M.S. University, Vadodara. I am pursuing
Ph D. research on “Perceptions of Media Professionals and Professionals other than the media, on the Contemporary Roie of Newspapers and the Television in
the Democracy". In this context, I have prepared a research tool and you are
chosen as a respondent to fill the questionnaire of my study.
Enclosed herewith please find questionnaire, with brief introduction of the topic on
‘Role of media in democracy’.
I assure you that your information will be kept strictly confidential and will be used for
research purpose only.
Looking forward for your positive co-operation.
Thanking you,
Guide: Yours faithfully,
Dr. Anjali Pahad
Reader,Dept, of Home Science
Extension and Communication,Faculty of Home Science
The M.S. University,Vadodara.
Ms. Varsha Parikh
(Ph. D. Scholar)
510
Role of Newspapers and the Television in the Democracy
Democracy requires media systems that provide people with;
•a wide range of opinion and analysis and
•debate on important issues. It reflects the diversity of citizens to
promote public accountability.
The media’s role is to pass on expert opinion to the public. It is an educational
tool to explain flaws in the existing system. It performs political social,
economical and cultural functions in modern democracies. It is the principal
source of political information and public debate. It is the key to an informed,
participating, self-governing citizens. It makes it easy for citizens to make
intelligent decisions about public affairs. Media serves democracy. It protects
democratic interests of the people. The media has an enormous social
responsibility. With time news media gained economic and political power.
Therefore, there is a need to regulate then so that they can be operated in the
public interest, as the face of media has been changing fast with the growth of
technology. In the present study attempt has been made to understand role of
only two selected media viz, Newspaper and Television, in democratic society
of India, as these are popular, easily and widely accessible by the Indian
masses. Hence, here investigator seeks answers on :
- How far Newspaper and Television, perform various roles like a role of
watch dog or to provide an accurate, detailed account of the day’s
news or to provide a medium for exchange of ideas of individuals and
social groups or to provide a vehicle of expressing and clarifying the
values of the society.
As the role of the Newspaper and Television are as a carrier of information.
These both have duty to pass on the information, so that citizens in a
democracy are able to become active participants in self governance. How
satisfactorily both the media perform its role, opine for your responses in the
given questionnaire.
511
Form No.
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA
SECTION -1
Part - A Background Information
Direction : Please state following information by tick marking ( S) or writing
when even necessary in the space provided.
1. Age
a) < 21 years...............................
b) 21-30 years.............................
c) 31-40 years..............................
d) 41-50 years..............................
e) 51-60 years............................
f) >60 years..........................
2. Sex
a) Male .............................
b) Female.........................
3. Place of Residence
a) Baroda ....................
b) Ahmedabad ..................
4. Educational Qualification
a) <=12 th pass, Diplomas..................
b) Graduate...................................
c) Postgraduate and above...................
d) Any other...................
5. Occupation
a) Service .................................
b) Business.................................
c) Housewife...................................
d) Any other.......... ....................
512
6. Mention your designation and Nature of work.
7. Monthly Income
a) Between Rs. 5,000 - 10,000b) Rs. 10,001 to Rs. 15,000
c) Rs. 15,001 to Rs. 20,000d) Rs.20,001 to Rs. 30,000e) Rs.30,001 to Rs. 35,000f) >=Rs. 35,001
513
SECTION -1
Part-B
Media Utilization Pattern
8. Please tick mark (v',)for the following media according to its use in your life.
No. Type of media Everyday >=3 days inweek
< 3 days inweek
1 Radio
2 Newspaper
3 Magazine
4 Television
5 Internet
6 Books
7 Any other
NEWSPAPER Scores9. In which language you prefer to read newspaper generally?
a) English................................................... 1
b) Hindi..................................................... 1
c) Regional (In which language)................................ 1
10. For How many hours do you read newspaper on the following days?
Scoring pattern
Time Week days Sunday / Holidaya) 30 minutes -1 hour 1 1
b) 1 hour - 2 hours 1 1
c) 2 hours - 3 hours 1 1
d) >3 hours 1 1
514
11. How much do you like reading about following kind of news / topics in
newspaperScoring pattern 3 2 1
Items in newspaper Like a lot Likemoderately
Don’tlike
1. International politics
2. National politics
3. Sports
4. Regional / Local politics
5. Private lives of famous
people
6. Comic Stripes
7. Cartoons
8. Advertisement
9. Business and Commerce
10. Accidents / Disaster
11. Advice Columns
12. Editorials
13. Letter to the editors
14. Human Columns
15. Interviews
16. TV Columns
17. Film reviews
18. Economy
19. Science and Industry
20. Astrological forecast
21. Crosswords
22. Any other
515
Scores11. For the following please give your preference of rank order
from most important to less important in ascending order.
a) Interesting Articles
b) Good quality {Paper and printing)
c) Good Coverage
d) Reputation of the newspaper
e) Name of the publisher
f) Name of the Editor
g) Easy availability
h) Affordability
i) Any Other
1
1
11
11
11
1
12. The purpose for which, I read newspaper is to
a) get acquainted with surrounding information
b) pass the time.
c) inform others about happenings.
d) develop own self
e) avoid loneliness.
f) relax
g) Any other
Scores
212
21
11
14. As a newspaper reader, I do
a) Demand that paper comes clean about an error
(by writing letter to editor for Content / language) 2
b) Watch out for development related messages and also for spotted
difficulty inundate the editors with letters demanding the bases 1
of the items.
c) Choose paper / channel intelligently rather than continue to buy/ view 2
as others do.
516
TELEVISION15. For How many hours do you watch T.V. on the following days?
Scoring pattern
Time Week days Sunday / Holiday
a) 30 minutes - 1 hour 1 1
b) 1 hour - 2 hours 1 1
c) 2 hours - 3 hours 1 1
d) >3 hours 1 1
16. In which language you generally prefer to watch television programs
a) English program
b) Hindi Program
c) Regional program
17. Please tick mark ( S) below, how frequently do you watch Television programs
Scorina pattern 3 2 1
T.V. Proarams Regularly Often Sometimes
1. News and Current Affairs
2. Quiz
3. Sports
4. Sponsored Serial in Hindi
5. Feature film in Hindi
6. Foreign serials
7. POP Music (Indian)
8. POP Music { Foreign)
9. Hindi Songs
10. National Program of dance and
music
11. UGC Program
12. Science Program
13. Health Program
14. Any other
Scores
1
1
1
517
Scores17-IVlajor factors influencing choice of my TV program are :
a) Time of Telecast 2
b) Type of Program 2
c) Entertainment value 2
d) Educational Value 2
e) Any other 1
18. As a viewer, I do
a) Demand that channel comes clean about an error
(Content / language) 2
b) Choose channel intelligently rather than continue to
view as others do. 2
c) Any other 1
518
SECTION - II
Contemporary Rote of Media in Democracy
Direction : As we all know media plays significant role in everyone's daily life. I am
interested in knowing your perceptions regarding the contemporary role fulfillment of
Newspaper and Television in democratic society of India. Given below are the
statements for both the medium i.e. for NESPAPER & TELEVISION. Kindly read
each statement carefully and tick mark ( s ) in most appropriate column for BOTH the medium SEPERATELY. Here, GE represents - To Great Extent
SE represents - To Some Extent
LE represents - To Less Extent
Statements Newspaper Television
Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LEL P informs about the threats from weather changes ( eg. cyclones,
floods, earthquake etc through news in newspaper / TV)
F N shows programs on conflicting values (eg. Newspaper articles /
TV serials show value related to both Indian culture and western
culture)
F P transmits information useful in everyday life (eg. Commercial
advertisement, news coverage by newspaper and TV)
J N gives more prominence to the articles/ programs by the favoured
author / producer / director ( eg. Coverage of Shobha Dey's
articles in newspaper / In TV Ekta kapoor's serials during prime
time)
L P provides information on meaning and significance of events (eg.
Information coverage in newspaper / TV on Pongal / Baisakhi /
Janmastmi festival regarding the festivals and its importance)
F N gives uncensored news which may prove harmful for society
(eg. local newspaper / channels exaggerating issues of
communal riots)
E N leads to the feeling of insecurity and intimidation (eg. coverage
of earthquake affected areas of Gujarat by various news
channels/ newspaper)
L N conveys less of message and gives more of entertainment, (eg
TV programs like ‘Khichdi', office-office have no message and
just entertainment)
F P promotes linguistic culture in the society (eg. various regional
newspaper like Sandesh / Aapla Gujarat or various channels like
gujarati,Z punjabi etc cater to linguistic interest of masses)
519
Statements Newspaper Television
Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LE
F N promotes vulgarity and nudity in the society.
(eg. Page 3 celebrities' photographs in newspaper or IVI TV
programs leads to promote vulgarity)
L N provokes early sexual activity, drug and alcohol use by showing
uncensored scenes in advertisements and serials (eg. Coverage
of advertisement in newspaper or serials / advertisement in TV
provokes unhealthy habits among the masses)
L N manipulates information to increase circulation / T R P .
(eg. news regarding tensions are manipulated for getting
publicity by Newspaper and TV)
L N suppresses information for commercial gain.
( eg. information regarding health hazards of smoking are
suppressed due to pressures from advertisers both by
Newspaper and TV)
J P mobilizes various social groups to take quick action
(eg. Newspaper and TV motivated people to take a quick action
during the time of Earthquake / Sunami / polio vaccination
campaign)
L N sensationalizes the issues / events by providing unnecessary
coverage
(eg. In Newspaper/ TV, in the issues of rape/ suicide distantly
related details are repeated to make it sensational and
ultimately it looses the significance of news/ events)
J N coverage contains excessive urban concentration.
L P actively interprets and comments on certain information / issues
on its own ( eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on expert views on
various issues help in interpreting the content of the news/
programs)
F N report on sensitive issues and events by loosing sense of
balance and fairness.
(eg. during communal conflicts, breaking news/ news given in
haste lacks the information by large section of newspaper / TV)
L P increases audience horizons by diffusing new practices, skills
and technology.
(eg. In Newspaper advertisement of computer / mobile with its
advanced facilities makes people aware about new technology
where as in TV, demonstration of various products in the
program of Asian Sky Shop widen audience horizons for new
practice, skills and technology)
520
Statements Newspaper Television
Contemporary media: 3E SE LE GE 5E LE
L P links together elements of society that are not connected through
interpersonal channel.
(eg. In Newspaper, doctors / lawyer’s responding the queries of
common people whereas TV provides linkage in talk back
sessions in agriculture programs where experts are in the labs
and farmers are in the field)
J P respects the culture, spiritual values and wisdom of others (eg.
God channel, Q channel or programs like Aastha, Om Namah
shivay on TV or weekly supplements in newspaper inculcate
spiritual values among people)
F ' P helps on implementing socio-economic development
objectives, (eg. Newspaper providing information on how to preser
resources or TV programs like krishi darshan / schemes for farm
documentaries on the developmental programs encourage peopi
participate and gain socio-economic development)
L P develops sense of responsibility among people, (eg. In
Newspaper / TV coverage of social advertisement on Safety
rules while driving, Save girl child, AIDS awareness etc.)
L P generates common experiences to the people, (eg. In
Newspaper / TV programs like Rasoi show / Kaun Banega
Crorepati, Reading / watching sports program share common
feeling to readers / viewers)
J N finds little or no place of development message unless of
commercial value.
E P bridges inequality between information rich and information poor
people, (eg. Information in Newspaper / TV regarding Health
fitness, computer literacy)
L P helps to change the orthodox attitudes of the people, (eg. In
Newspaper / TV coverage showing equality of gender or various
social issues like dowry etc)
E N projects those images and norms which discourage female
employment particularly in higher status occupation, (eg. TV
serials often shows that women with higher status jobs / women
whose carrier occupy her whole day, neglects family
responsibilities and ultimately sacrifice that eminent position for
family)
E N often perpetuates unfavourable stereotypes of women (eg.
Newspaper / TV coverage focusing on women's victimization,
beauty tips, cooking, fashion and health).
E N sensationalize portrayals of women for profit purpose, (eg.
Newspaper / TV advertisement, comparing woman’s structure
with the structure of vehicle)
521
Statements Newspaper Television
Contemporary media: SE SE LE GE SE LE
J P provides information to the people on issues beyond their
immediate communities.(e.g.Newspaper / TV information
coverage on local, district, state, national and international affairs
gives information.)
E N intentionally categorizes people in various classes. {eg.
Newspaper articles on TV, Bollywood, sports, celebrities or
corporate professional / TV shows like “Life style of rich and
famous people” or “Sitaro ki duniya” emphasised how people
are divided in various class)
E N has great predominance of celebrity based program (eg.
Newspaper article like Time please or TV programs like Jeena
Isi ka naam hai, nach baliye, Current bollywood etc)
L N concludes information/ views with own preconceived notion.
(eg. Newspaper articles / TV coverage regarding Ram Janm
bhumi or issues of Sardar sarovar and its displaced people
media professional presented one sided views.
F P portrays essential values like patriotism, unity, honesty among
people through various programs.
F P motivates people to take purposeful action
(eg. programs on consumer rights, peoples movement for
environment protection etc. educate people regarding their
rights as citizens)
L N presents misleading role models (eg. programs like 'Shaktiman'
misleads children to follow wrong actions and negative portrayal
of women in serials like 'kahin kisi roz' etc. presents misleading
role models)
F N pours the programs / articles with low intelligent quotient.
F N encourages negative behaviour among the masses (teaching
materialism , anti-social behaviour, focuses often on many
negative emotions like jealousy /hatred/revenge in the
newspaper stories / family serials in TV)
F N stimulate false needs among the viewers / readers
(eg. Advertisement in Newspaper / TV serials make people
attracted to those things which are really of not in need like
using hi-tech mobile)
F P identifies and ranks important public agenda
(eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on reservation policy, civic
amenities, adultery helps to understand people’s need)
J N use only selective stories that come over as wide coverage and
objectives (eg. Newspaper / TV coverage where a death
recorded or if any politician's relative gets injured then only
priorities are given)
522
Statements Newspaper Television
Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LE
E P provides platform for common people’s issues and concerns,
{eg. In Newspaper / TV .Debate / Discussion with experts on
various issues like prohibition of liquor in Gujarat, importance of
girls’ education gives scope to the societal people to share their
views and concerns)
E P reduce urban-rural divide impact through its coverage in various
sections.
(eg. Newspaper articles / TV programs on Cyber village, use of
technology for better agricultural production helps to bridge gap
between rural and urban areas)
J P give space to a common man to make him / her a celebrity.
(eg. Newspaper organise various programs like drawing
competition, debate competition, kitchen queen or TV programs
like SAREGAMA, Indian Idol, KBC)
L P inform the public on what is going on in and around the world.
J P brings the social problems in front of the individual of the society
(eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on issues of malnutrition / street
children / sex workers)
E P helps to bring greater gender equality among the masses.
(eg. In Newspaper / TV coverage on shouldering household
responsibilities by women and men together or empowered
women taking decision for her marriage / carrier etc)
E N foster image of political leader / celebrity rather than issues and
substances.
(eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on Birthday celebration of
political leader rather than his work for the welfare of the people)
F P bridges wide gap between people's agenda and media agenda.
(eg. coverage of information by Newspaper / TV on Returning of
various Taxes, development of the city etc)
J P is impartial and unbiased in reporting events for public
importance.
J N bias in providing large headlines / coverage in front page /
prime time to the opposite ruling political party.
(eg. Newspaper / TV channels, supported by BJP parties
seldom give space to Congress or other opposite parties at
least in front page / prime time)
E N Invade in the celebrities / politician's private life too much to
increase TRP / circulation.
(Newspaper / TV coverage on film star visiting Banaras Shiva
Temple I doing puja, Affairs and marriage of celebrities)
523
Statements Newspaper Television
Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LE
J N projects selected perspectives for the crisis.
(eg. Coverage in Newspaper / TV largely ignore the facts of
structural causes of poverty / unemployment while talking about
crime and criminals during the year)
L P inspires people to become aggressive and violent in fulfilling
their demands
(eg. Newspaper article/ TV coverage on lawyer's / doctor's/
mazdoor union strikes encourages people to become aggressive
in fulfilling their demands)
L N promotes superficial expression of democracy i.e. single line
judgement through participation
(eg. at the end of discussion / debate making people participate
thru SMS or asked to send "Y/N" response)
L N is unable to keep alive the sentiments of the people
(eg. repetition of the painful / aggressive scenes like earth
quake, sunami / murder, rape on Newspaper / TV have
desensitized people)
L
N
misinterprets the issues by showing unnecessary details, (eg.
Newspaper /TV coverage in the description of crime and other
occurred incidence, misinterpret issue in such a way to create an
impression in the minds of the people that government /police/
doctors /other institutions are not reacting / slow to react)
L N fosters lack of interaction among the people as people are glued
to the media and minimize on social and familial interaction.
L N encourages passivity and takes people away from other, more
direct experience
(eg. One way communication through Newspaper / TV creates
passivity. People just accept whatever is thrown to them through
Newspaper / TV and do not explore)
In the above perception scale first column depict aspects. Refer J- Justice, L-
Liberty, E-Equality, F-Fraternity.
Scoring pattern for positive and negative statements
Great Extent Some Extent Less Extent
Positive statements 3 2 1
Negative statements 1 2 3
524
SECTION - HI
Kindly give your suggestions in terms of the role of the below
mentioned category of people in strengthening the media
performance in democratic state.
a) Citizens of the society
1
2
3
4
5
b) Media Professionals1
2
3
4
5
c) Media Policy makers1
2
3
4
5
525
SECTION - IV
Knowledge Regarding Democracy
Dear respondent,India is a democratic country. Being a citizen of India, we all possess
fundamental knowledge regarding democracy and its functioning pattern.
Listed below are the items related to democracy. Kindly, answer each of the
following item, as per its instruction.
Q.1 State whether following statements are True / False by encircling 'T' or
ip
11) India has direct democracy T / F
12) The possession of "right to vote" only establish democracy T / F
13) Democracy infers that nation is greater than any political party. T / F
14) Secret ballot is an unimportant base of democratic election . T / F
15) Tolerance of criticism of ruling party is essential attribute of democracy. T / F
16) Democracy thrives only when citizen’s voice can be heard. T / F
17) Democracy demands a system of constant interaction with societal people.
T/F
Q.2 Select an appropriate word from the words given below into the
brackets and fill in the blanks :
1) In India every voter has................... vote. (one, two, three)
2) Democracy is based on...................................
(consent of the people, imposed by the authority, government ideas)
3) Right of vote for common citizen of India is acquired at the age of..................
(18 years, 21 years, 25 years)
4) Municipal corporations are headed by........................
(Commissioner, Member of parliament, Mayor)
5) To obey the laws of our country is our.............................. (Fundamental right,
Directive principle, Duty as a citizen)
526
6) indirect democracy is also known as.......................
(monarchy, dictatorship, representative)
7) Secularism means .....................................(Freedom of religion, Freedom of governance, Freedom from poverty)
Q.3 For the following, kindly match each term of column A representing
democratic value with its right meaning in column B, in the space provided in
front of column A,
A Answer B
e) Justice d) promote status and opportunity
irrespective of class, caste,
gender, religion
f) Liberty e) No discrimination in Social,
economical and political front
g) Fraternity c) freedom of thoughts, expression,
belief, faith and worship
h) Equality f) assure the dignity of individual
and unity of the nation.
Q.4 Each of the following multiple answer, contains one wrong/ in-appropriate
answer. Encircle (O) the Most IN-APPROPRIATE statement number.
1) Democracy means
a) people freely participate in the governance of a country.
b) government is made up of elected representatives of people.
c) people are their own rulers.
d) There is superior authority to control people's ruling.
2) Main features of democracy are
a) enlightened citizens
b) enlightened and wise leadership
c) sound public opinion
d) social and economic in-equality.
3) Various agencies formulating public opinion for democratic society are
a) mass Media (like newspaper, periodicals, radio, television)
b) political parties
c) religion
d) capitalists
527
4) in Indirect democracy,
a) people elect their representatives in periodic elections.
b) elected representatives make laws on behalf of the people.
c) all the adult citizens of a country used to meet at a common place to take
decisions about governing themselves.
d) power remains with all the people.
5) Democracy assumes equality of
a) men and women
b) rich and poor
c) educated and un educated
d) none of the aboveQ.5 Please categorizes by tick marking ( S ) each of the following statements
under Fundamental rights and Directive principle as stated in the democratic
constitution.
No. Fundamental rights / Directive principles Fundamental
rights
Directive
principle
1 Ensure adequate means of livelihood to all
citizens
2 No distinction made on grounds of colour,
caste, creed, religion, wealth, sex etc (Equality)
3 Promote cottage industries in rural areas.
4 Improve public health
5 Enjoy freedom of speech and expression
6 Protect interest of weaker section of society
(right against exploitation)
7 Free to profess, practice and propagates any
religion
Scoring pattern - For correct answer mark -1 and
For in-correct answer mark -0
528
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