APPENDIX - 2 TOOL FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA

46
APPENDIX - 2 TOOL FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA 509

Transcript of APPENDIX - 2 TOOL FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA

APPENDIX - 2

TOOL FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA

509

Department of Home Science Extension and Communication

Faculty of Home Science

The Maharaja Sayajirao University

Vadodara.

Respected Madam / Sir,

I am a Ph.D. Student in the Department of Home Science Extension and

Communication, Faculty of Home Science, M.S. University, Vadodara. I am pursuing

Ph D. research on “Perceptions of Media Professionals and Professionals other than the media, on the Contemporary Roie of Newspapers and the Television in

the Democracy". In this context, I have prepared a research tool and you are

chosen as a respondent to fill the questionnaire of my study.

Enclosed herewith please find questionnaire, with brief introduction of the topic on

‘Role of media in democracy’.

I assure you that your information will be kept strictly confidential and will be used for

research purpose only.

Looking forward for your positive co-operation.

Thanking you,

Guide: Yours faithfully,

Dr. Anjali Pahad

Reader,Dept, of Home Science

Extension and Communication,Faculty of Home Science

The M.S. University,Vadodara.

Ms. Varsha Parikh

(Ph. D. Scholar)

510

Role of Newspapers and the Television in the Democracy

Democracy requires media systems that provide people with;

•a wide range of opinion and analysis and

•debate on important issues. It reflects the diversity of citizens to

promote public accountability.

The media’s role is to pass on expert opinion to the public. It is an educational

tool to explain flaws in the existing system. It performs political social,

economical and cultural functions in modern democracies. It is the principal

source of political information and public debate. It is the key to an informed,

participating, self-governing citizens. It makes it easy for citizens to make

intelligent decisions about public affairs. Media serves democracy. It protects

democratic interests of the people. The media has an enormous social

responsibility. With time news media gained economic and political power.

Therefore, there is a need to regulate then so that they can be operated in the

public interest, as the face of media has been changing fast with the growth of

technology. In the present study attempt has been made to understand role of

only two selected media viz, Newspaper and Television, in democratic society

of India, as these are popular, easily and widely accessible by the Indian

masses. Hence, here investigator seeks answers on :

- How far Newspaper and Television, perform various roles like a role of

watch dog or to provide an accurate, detailed account of the day’s

news or to provide a medium for exchange of ideas of individuals and

social groups or to provide a vehicle of expressing and clarifying the

values of the society.

As the role of the Newspaper and Television are as a carrier of information.

These both have duty to pass on the information, so that citizens in a

democracy are able to become active participants in self governance. How

satisfactorily both the media perform its role, opine for your responses in the

given questionnaire.

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Form No.

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PROFESSIONALS OTHER THAN MEDIA

SECTION -1

Part - A Background Information

Direction : Please state following information by tick marking ( S) or writing

when even necessary in the space provided.

1. Age

a) < 21 years...............................

b) 21-30 years.............................

c) 31-40 years..............................

d) 41-50 years..............................

e) 51-60 years............................

f) >60 years..........................

2. Sex

a) Male .............................

b) Female.........................

3. Place of Residence

a) Baroda ....................

b) Ahmedabad ..................

4. Educational Qualification

a) <=12 th pass, Diplomas..................

b) Graduate...................................

c) Postgraduate and above...................

d) Any other...................

5. Occupation

a) Service .................................

b) Business.................................

c) Housewife...................................

d) Any other.......... ....................

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6. Mention your designation and Nature of work.

7. Monthly Income

a) Between Rs. 5,000 - 10,000b) Rs. 10,001 to Rs. 15,000

c) Rs. 15,001 to Rs. 20,000d) Rs.20,001 to Rs. 30,000e) Rs.30,001 to Rs. 35,000f) >=Rs. 35,001

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SECTION -1

Part-B

Media Utilization Pattern

8. Please tick mark (v',)for the following media according to its use in your life.

No. Type of media Everyday >=3 days inweek

< 3 days inweek

1 Radio

2 Newspaper

3 Magazine

4 Television

5 Internet

6 Books

7 Any other

NEWSPAPER Scores9. In which language you prefer to read newspaper generally?

a) English................................................... 1

b) Hindi..................................................... 1

c) Regional (In which language)................................ 1

10. For How many hours do you read newspaper on the following days?

Scoring pattern

Time Week days Sunday / Holidaya) 30 minutes -1 hour 1 1

b) 1 hour - 2 hours 1 1

c) 2 hours - 3 hours 1 1

d) >3 hours 1 1

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11. How much do you like reading about following kind of news / topics in

newspaperScoring pattern 3 2 1

Items in newspaper Like a lot Likemoderately

Don’tlike

1. International politics

2. National politics

3. Sports

4. Regional / Local politics

5. Private lives of famous

people

6. Comic Stripes

7. Cartoons

8. Advertisement

9. Business and Commerce

10. Accidents / Disaster

11. Advice Columns

12. Editorials

13. Letter to the editors

14. Human Columns

15. Interviews

16. TV Columns

17. Film reviews

18. Economy

19. Science and Industry

20. Astrological forecast

21. Crosswords

22. Any other

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Scores11. For the following please give your preference of rank order

from most important to less important in ascending order.

a) Interesting Articles

b) Good quality {Paper and printing)

c) Good Coverage

d) Reputation of the newspaper

e) Name of the publisher

f) Name of the Editor

g) Easy availability

h) Affordability

i) Any Other

1

1

11

11

11

1

12. The purpose for which, I read newspaper is to

a) get acquainted with surrounding information

b) pass the time.

c) inform others about happenings.

d) develop own self

e) avoid loneliness.

f) relax

g) Any other

Scores

212

21

11

14. As a newspaper reader, I do

a) Demand that paper comes clean about an error

(by writing letter to editor for Content / language) 2

b) Watch out for development related messages and also for spotted

difficulty inundate the editors with letters demanding the bases 1

of the items.

c) Choose paper / channel intelligently rather than continue to buy/ view 2

as others do.

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TELEVISION15. For How many hours do you watch T.V. on the following days?

Scoring pattern

Time Week days Sunday / Holiday

a) 30 minutes - 1 hour 1 1

b) 1 hour - 2 hours 1 1

c) 2 hours - 3 hours 1 1

d) >3 hours 1 1

16. In which language you generally prefer to watch television programs

a) English program

b) Hindi Program

c) Regional program

17. Please tick mark ( S) below, how frequently do you watch Television programs

Scorina pattern 3 2 1

T.V. Proarams Regularly Often Sometimes

1. News and Current Affairs

2. Quiz

3. Sports

4. Sponsored Serial in Hindi

5. Feature film in Hindi

6. Foreign serials

7. POP Music (Indian)

8. POP Music { Foreign)

9. Hindi Songs

10. National Program of dance and

music

11. UGC Program

12. Science Program

13. Health Program

14. Any other

Scores

1

1

1

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Scores17-IVlajor factors influencing choice of my TV program are :

a) Time of Telecast 2

b) Type of Program 2

c) Entertainment value 2

d) Educational Value 2

e) Any other 1

18. As a viewer, I do

a) Demand that channel comes clean about an error

(Content / language) 2

b) Choose channel intelligently rather than continue to

view as others do. 2

c) Any other 1

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SECTION - II

Contemporary Rote of Media in Democracy

Direction : As we all know media plays significant role in everyone's daily life. I am

interested in knowing your perceptions regarding the contemporary role fulfillment of

Newspaper and Television in democratic society of India. Given below are the

statements for both the medium i.e. for NESPAPER & TELEVISION. Kindly read

each statement carefully and tick mark ( s ) in most appropriate column for BOTH the medium SEPERATELY. Here, GE represents - To Great Extent

SE represents - To Some Extent

LE represents - To Less Extent

Statements Newspaper Television

Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LEL P informs about the threats from weather changes ( eg. cyclones,

floods, earthquake etc through news in newspaper / TV)

F N shows programs on conflicting values (eg. Newspaper articles /

TV serials show value related to both Indian culture and western

culture)

F P transmits information useful in everyday life (eg. Commercial

advertisement, news coverage by newspaper and TV)

J N gives more prominence to the articles/ programs by the favoured

author / producer / director ( eg. Coverage of Shobha Dey's

articles in newspaper / In TV Ekta kapoor's serials during prime

time)

L P provides information on meaning and significance of events (eg.

Information coverage in newspaper / TV on Pongal / Baisakhi /

Janmastmi festival regarding the festivals and its importance)

F N gives uncensored news which may prove harmful for society

(eg. local newspaper / channels exaggerating issues of

communal riots)

E N leads to the feeling of insecurity and intimidation (eg. coverage

of earthquake affected areas of Gujarat by various news

channels/ newspaper)

L N conveys less of message and gives more of entertainment, (eg

TV programs like ‘Khichdi', office-office have no message and

just entertainment)

F P promotes linguistic culture in the society (eg. various regional

newspaper like Sandesh / Aapla Gujarat or various channels like

gujarati,Z punjabi etc cater to linguistic interest of masses)

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Statements Newspaper Television

Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LE

F N promotes vulgarity and nudity in the society.

(eg. Page 3 celebrities' photographs in newspaper or IVI TV

programs leads to promote vulgarity)

L N provokes early sexual activity, drug and alcohol use by showing

uncensored scenes in advertisements and serials (eg. Coverage

of advertisement in newspaper or serials / advertisement in TV

provokes unhealthy habits among the masses)

L N manipulates information to increase circulation / T R P .

(eg. news regarding tensions are manipulated for getting

publicity by Newspaper and TV)

L N suppresses information for commercial gain.

( eg. information regarding health hazards of smoking are

suppressed due to pressures from advertisers both by

Newspaper and TV)

J P mobilizes various social groups to take quick action

(eg. Newspaper and TV motivated people to take a quick action

during the time of Earthquake / Sunami / polio vaccination

campaign)

L N sensationalizes the issues / events by providing unnecessary

coverage

(eg. In Newspaper/ TV, in the issues of rape/ suicide distantly

related details are repeated to make it sensational and

ultimately it looses the significance of news/ events)

J N coverage contains excessive urban concentration.

L P actively interprets and comments on certain information / issues

on its own ( eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on expert views on

various issues help in interpreting the content of the news/

programs)

F N report on sensitive issues and events by loosing sense of

balance and fairness.

(eg. during communal conflicts, breaking news/ news given in

haste lacks the information by large section of newspaper / TV)

L P increases audience horizons by diffusing new practices, skills

and technology.

(eg. In Newspaper advertisement of computer / mobile with its

advanced facilities makes people aware about new technology

where as in TV, demonstration of various products in the

program of Asian Sky Shop widen audience horizons for new

practice, skills and technology)

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Statements Newspaper Television

Contemporary media: 3E SE LE GE 5E LE

L P links together elements of society that are not connected through

interpersonal channel.

(eg. In Newspaper, doctors / lawyer’s responding the queries of

common people whereas TV provides linkage in talk back

sessions in agriculture programs where experts are in the labs

and farmers are in the field)

J P respects the culture, spiritual values and wisdom of others (eg.

God channel, Q channel or programs like Aastha, Om Namah

shivay on TV or weekly supplements in newspaper inculcate

spiritual values among people)

F ' P helps on implementing socio-economic development

objectives, (eg. Newspaper providing information on how to preser

resources or TV programs like krishi darshan / schemes for farm

documentaries on the developmental programs encourage peopi

participate and gain socio-economic development)

L P develops sense of responsibility among people, (eg. In

Newspaper / TV coverage of social advertisement on Safety

rules while driving, Save girl child, AIDS awareness etc.)

L P generates common experiences to the people, (eg. In

Newspaper / TV programs like Rasoi show / Kaun Banega

Crorepati, Reading / watching sports program share common

feeling to readers / viewers)

J N finds little or no place of development message unless of

commercial value.

E P bridges inequality between information rich and information poor

people, (eg. Information in Newspaper / TV regarding Health

fitness, computer literacy)

L P helps to change the orthodox attitudes of the people, (eg. In

Newspaper / TV coverage showing equality of gender or various

social issues like dowry etc)

E N projects those images and norms which discourage female

employment particularly in higher status occupation, (eg. TV

serials often shows that women with higher status jobs / women

whose carrier occupy her whole day, neglects family

responsibilities and ultimately sacrifice that eminent position for

family)

E N often perpetuates unfavourable stereotypes of women (eg.

Newspaper / TV coverage focusing on women's victimization,

beauty tips, cooking, fashion and health).

E N sensationalize portrayals of women for profit purpose, (eg.

Newspaper / TV advertisement, comparing woman’s structure

with the structure of vehicle)

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Statements Newspaper Television

Contemporary media: SE SE LE GE SE LE

J P provides information to the people on issues beyond their

immediate communities.(e.g.Newspaper / TV information

coverage on local, district, state, national and international affairs

gives information.)

E N intentionally categorizes people in various classes. {eg.

Newspaper articles on TV, Bollywood, sports, celebrities or

corporate professional / TV shows like “Life style of rich and

famous people” or “Sitaro ki duniya” emphasised how people

are divided in various class)

E N has great predominance of celebrity based program (eg.

Newspaper article like Time please or TV programs like Jeena

Isi ka naam hai, nach baliye, Current bollywood etc)

L N concludes information/ views with own preconceived notion.

(eg. Newspaper articles / TV coverage regarding Ram Janm

bhumi or issues of Sardar sarovar and its displaced people

media professional presented one sided views.

F P portrays essential values like patriotism, unity, honesty among

people through various programs.

F P motivates people to take purposeful action

(eg. programs on consumer rights, peoples movement for

environment protection etc. educate people regarding their

rights as citizens)

L N presents misleading role models (eg. programs like 'Shaktiman'

misleads children to follow wrong actions and negative portrayal

of women in serials like 'kahin kisi roz' etc. presents misleading

role models)

F N pours the programs / articles with low intelligent quotient.

F N encourages negative behaviour among the masses (teaching

materialism , anti-social behaviour, focuses often on many

negative emotions like jealousy /hatred/revenge in the

newspaper stories / family serials in TV)

F N stimulate false needs among the viewers / readers

(eg. Advertisement in Newspaper / TV serials make people

attracted to those things which are really of not in need like

using hi-tech mobile)

F P identifies and ranks important public agenda

(eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on reservation policy, civic

amenities, adultery helps to understand people’s need)

J N use only selective stories that come over as wide coverage and

objectives (eg. Newspaper / TV coverage where a death

recorded or if any politician's relative gets injured then only

priorities are given)

522

Statements Newspaper Television

Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LE

E P provides platform for common people’s issues and concerns,

{eg. In Newspaper / TV .Debate / Discussion with experts on

various issues like prohibition of liquor in Gujarat, importance of

girls’ education gives scope to the societal people to share their

views and concerns)

E P reduce urban-rural divide impact through its coverage in various

sections.

(eg. Newspaper articles / TV programs on Cyber village, use of

technology for better agricultural production helps to bridge gap

between rural and urban areas)

J P give space to a common man to make him / her a celebrity.

(eg. Newspaper organise various programs like drawing

competition, debate competition, kitchen queen or TV programs

like SAREGAMA, Indian Idol, KBC)

L P inform the public on what is going on in and around the world.

J P brings the social problems in front of the individual of the society

(eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on issues of malnutrition / street

children / sex workers)

E P helps to bring greater gender equality among the masses.

(eg. In Newspaper / TV coverage on shouldering household

responsibilities by women and men together or empowered

women taking decision for her marriage / carrier etc)

E N foster image of political leader / celebrity rather than issues and

substances.

(eg. Newspaper / TV coverage on Birthday celebration of

political leader rather than his work for the welfare of the people)

F P bridges wide gap between people's agenda and media agenda.

(eg. coverage of information by Newspaper / TV on Returning of

various Taxes, development of the city etc)

J P is impartial and unbiased in reporting events for public

importance.

J N bias in providing large headlines / coverage in front page /

prime time to the opposite ruling political party.

(eg. Newspaper / TV channels, supported by BJP parties

seldom give space to Congress or other opposite parties at

least in front page / prime time)

E N Invade in the celebrities / politician's private life too much to

increase TRP / circulation.

(Newspaper / TV coverage on film star visiting Banaras Shiva

Temple I doing puja, Affairs and marriage of celebrities)

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Statements Newspaper Television

Contemporary media: GE SE LE GE SE LE

J N projects selected perspectives for the crisis.

(eg. Coverage in Newspaper / TV largely ignore the facts of

structural causes of poverty / unemployment while talking about

crime and criminals during the year)

L P inspires people to become aggressive and violent in fulfilling

their demands

(eg. Newspaper article/ TV coverage on lawyer's / doctor's/

mazdoor union strikes encourages people to become aggressive

in fulfilling their demands)

L N promotes superficial expression of democracy i.e. single line

judgement through participation

(eg. at the end of discussion / debate making people participate

thru SMS or asked to send "Y/N" response)

L N is unable to keep alive the sentiments of the people

(eg. repetition of the painful / aggressive scenes like earth

quake, sunami / murder, rape on Newspaper / TV have

desensitized people)

L

N

misinterprets the issues by showing unnecessary details, (eg.

Newspaper /TV coverage in the description of crime and other

occurred incidence, misinterpret issue in such a way to create an

impression in the minds of the people that government /police/

doctors /other institutions are not reacting / slow to react)

L N fosters lack of interaction among the people as people are glued

to the media and minimize on social and familial interaction.

L N encourages passivity and takes people away from other, more

direct experience

(eg. One way communication through Newspaper / TV creates

passivity. People just accept whatever is thrown to them through

Newspaper / TV and do not explore)

In the above perception scale first column depict aspects. Refer J- Justice, L-

Liberty, E-Equality, F-Fraternity.

Scoring pattern for positive and negative statements

Great Extent Some Extent Less Extent

Positive statements 3 2 1

Negative statements 1 2 3

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SECTION - HI

Kindly give your suggestions in terms of the role of the below

mentioned category of people in strengthening the media

performance in democratic state.

a) Citizens of the society

1

2

3

4

5

b) Media Professionals1

2

3

4

5

c) Media Policy makers1

2

3

4

5

525

SECTION - IV

Knowledge Regarding Democracy

Dear respondent,India is a democratic country. Being a citizen of India, we all possess

fundamental knowledge regarding democracy and its functioning pattern.

Listed below are the items related to democracy. Kindly, answer each of the

following item, as per its instruction.

Q.1 State whether following statements are True / False by encircling 'T' or

ip

11) India has direct democracy T / F

12) The possession of "right to vote" only establish democracy T / F

13) Democracy infers that nation is greater than any political party. T / F

14) Secret ballot is an unimportant base of democratic election . T / F

15) Tolerance of criticism of ruling party is essential attribute of democracy. T / F

16) Democracy thrives only when citizen’s voice can be heard. T / F

17) Democracy demands a system of constant interaction with societal people.

T/F

Q.2 Select an appropriate word from the words given below into the

brackets and fill in the blanks :

1) In India every voter has................... vote. (one, two, three)

2) Democracy is based on...................................

(consent of the people, imposed by the authority, government ideas)

3) Right of vote for common citizen of India is acquired at the age of..................

(18 years, 21 years, 25 years)

4) Municipal corporations are headed by........................

(Commissioner, Member of parliament, Mayor)

5) To obey the laws of our country is our.............................. (Fundamental right,

Directive principle, Duty as a citizen)

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6) indirect democracy is also known as.......................

(monarchy, dictatorship, representative)

7) Secularism means .....................................(Freedom of religion, Freedom of governance, Freedom from poverty)

Q.3 For the following, kindly match each term of column A representing

democratic value with its right meaning in column B, in the space provided in

front of column A,

A Answer B

e) Justice d) promote status and opportunity

irrespective of class, caste,

gender, religion

f) Liberty e) No discrimination in Social,

economical and political front

g) Fraternity c) freedom of thoughts, expression,

belief, faith and worship

h) Equality f) assure the dignity of individual

and unity of the nation.

Q.4 Each of the following multiple answer, contains one wrong/ in-appropriate

answer. Encircle (O) the Most IN-APPROPRIATE statement number.

1) Democracy means

a) people freely participate in the governance of a country.

b) government is made up of elected representatives of people.

c) people are their own rulers.

d) There is superior authority to control people's ruling.

2) Main features of democracy are

a) enlightened citizens

b) enlightened and wise leadership

c) sound public opinion

d) social and economic in-equality.

3) Various agencies formulating public opinion for democratic society are

a) mass Media (like newspaper, periodicals, radio, television)

b) political parties

c) religion

d) capitalists

527

4) in Indirect democracy,

a) people elect their representatives in periodic elections.

b) elected representatives make laws on behalf of the people.

c) all the adult citizens of a country used to meet at a common place to take

decisions about governing themselves.

d) power remains with all the people.

5) Democracy assumes equality of

a) men and women

b) rich and poor

c) educated and un educated

d) none of the aboveQ.5 Please categorizes by tick marking ( S ) each of the following statements

under Fundamental rights and Directive principle as stated in the democratic

constitution.

No. Fundamental rights / Directive principles Fundamental

rights

Directive

principle

1 Ensure adequate means of livelihood to all

citizens

2 No distinction made on grounds of colour,

caste, creed, religion, wealth, sex etc (Equality)

3 Promote cottage industries in rural areas.

4 Improve public health

5 Enjoy freedom of speech and expression

6 Protect interest of weaker section of society

(right against exploitation)

7 Free to profess, practice and propagates any

religion

Scoring pattern - For correct answer mark -1 and

For in-correct answer mark -0

528

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