LIVELIHOOD ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE

CHANGE IN COASTAL AREA OF KHULNA

AND DROUGHT PRONE HIGH BARIND

TRACT (LACC-II, BARI-FAO program)

What is Adaptation to Climate Change?

Adapting to climate change means taking

action to reduce the adverse consequences

or to take advantage of any opportunities

that may arise.

What is Adaptive capacity?

The ability of a system to adjust its

characteristics or behavior in order to expand

its coping range under existing climatic

variability or future climatic conditions.

Dying big river: Jamuna and Padma

Denuded Hill

and

Rampant

forest cutting

Catastrophe by hurricane/cyclone/flood

Laudove,

Dakope,

Khulna for

Saline/coa

stal area

Nachole &

Shapahar,

Rajshahi

Region (for

drought

area)

Communicating with mainland

Sign of Mangrove Forest-Sunderban: Golpata

Sunderban

Only few Km Embankment cum HBB Road

0.5%

15.9%

21%21%

8%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Khulna Bagerhat Satkhira Patuakhali Noakhali

Coastal areas

Sa

lt a

ffe

cte

d a

re

a (0

00

h

a)

1973

2000

Salinity in Patch

Both drought and salinity

Table: relative tolerance of some plants to salinity

Tolerant(8-

12dS/m)

M.tolerant(6-8

dS/m)

M.Sensitive(4-6

dS/m)

Sensitive(0-4

dS/m)

Barley,grain Barley,forage Broad bean Bean

Cotton Beet,garden/red Cabbage Blackberry

Date Cowpea Cauliflower/brocolli/

Knlkhol

Carrot

Salt grass Clover,berseem Clover, strawberry Lemon/mango

Rosemary/jujube Fig/coconut/guava Maize Onion

Sugar beet Oats/pineapple Cowpea/watermelon

/muskmelon/radish

Orange

Triticale Orchard grass Cucumber/papaya Pineapple,guava?

Sorghum Lettuce/spinach Rose

Soybean Pea Strawberry

Wheat Peanut/garlic Mungbean

Dhiancha Potato

B. Napus Rice,paddy

Soybean Tomato

Saline

tolerant

crop

Homestead gardening adaptation with saline tolerant vegetable

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¯’vbxq Kjv/mvRbv/ †bwcqvi Nvm

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Saline tolerant Spinach, Knolkhol, Beet & Tomato

were selected

Tankuni a medicinal plant locally used as vegetable.

Shade and excess soil moisture tolerant

Table 1. Average production and disposal pattern of rabi and

kharif season (240 days) vegetable per homestead at

Laudove MLT site,Dakope, Khulna during Jul.2008- Feb.09

Season

Total

product

ion

in240

days

(kg)

Total

own

consump

tion (kg)

Own*

consump

tion

(g/head/d

ay)

Free

distribu

tion

(kg)

Sold

(kg)

Total

cash

incom

e (Tk)

Kharif 40 27 45.66 7 6 37

Rabi 120 55 92.00 22 43 405

All season

total

160 83(52) 68.83 29(18) 49(3

0)

443

Utilizing all Micro-Niches of Homestead

0

20

40

60

80

100

g/h

ea

d/d

ay

Kharif rabi Mean

Vegetable consumption (g/h/day), before and

after intervention at Laudove, Khulna

Before

Intervention

After

Intervention

Fig. Work done by male and female in homestead gardening,

Laudove, Khulna, 2008-09

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

L.prep

aration

Sow

ing

Irrig

a

Intercul.

Harve

st

Marke

t

% o

f w

ork

Male %

Female %

Sharing with the farmers on adaptation at Cyclone

centre cum school of Dakope, Khulna

Spill over effect of homestead vegetable

gardening by landless fisherman’s wife

Yield

traditional

BR23: 3 t/ha

Harvested:

Dec 7

Yield BINA 4: 3.8

t/ha

Harvested: Early

Nov

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Cowpea Wheat Watermelon Sweet gourd

Yield(kg/bigha

Gross

margin(Tk/Bigha)

Problem is excess soil moisture (BARI

cowpea 1) for filed crop

Prospective crop for Coastal belt

Kuni/Mini pond is

important for small

scale irrigation in

saline area

Fig 1. Relationship between salinity and rainfall during June, 2008 to

March, 2009, at Laudove, Dakope, Khulna

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

June

.08

July.08

Aug

.08

Sep

t.08

Oct.08

Nov

.08

Dec

.08

Jan.09

Feb

.09

Mar

.09

Sa

lin

ity

(dS

/m)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

To

tal ra

infa

ll(m

m)

Salinity(dS/m)

Rainfall(mm)

Mostly fallow land after T.aman

rice in deeper areas of HBT

In Search of water

Boro rice requires 3-5 t water/kg rice

Boro rice (rabi season) cultivation even in top

part of elevation of Barind, requiring large

quantity of underground water

Table 26. Twelve years (1998- May 2009) monthly rainfall (mm)

of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total

1998 12 5 51 33 129 92 436 276 280 208 33 0 1555

1999 5 8 25 9 144 348 347 310 502 155 108 0 1961

2000 4 7 27 136 200 244 117 191 642 85 0 0 1653

2001 0 4 9 13 214 324 337 211 97 185 1 0 1395

2002 11 1 21 111 195 223 316 240 281 49 11 0 1459

2003 2 19 64 44 84 280 238 131 262 293 0 8 1425

2004 10 0 0 63 85 503 305 217 361 152 0 0 1696

2005 13 1 101 34 106 92 493 147 115 268 0 0 1370

2006 0 0 7.4 37.2 191.2 189 120.4 217.8 304 35.2 10.4 0 1112.6*

2007 0

26.

6 59.4 54 125.6 309.6 325 235.7 306.9 75.4 0.6 0 1518.8

2008 25 0.6 0.4 22.4 131.6 256.9 221.5 245.5 127.5 127 0 0 1158.4*

2009 1 7 27.9 0 - - - - - - - - -

Mean

6.9

2

6.6

0

32.7

6

46.3

8

145.9

5

260.1

4

295.9

9

220.1

8

298.0

4

148.4

2

14.9

1

0.7

3

1482.1

6

SD

(±)

7.5

7

8.2

6

30.5

4

40.6

8 46.97

116.9

9

116.5

3 51.69

163.9

8 85.24

32.4

6

2.4

1 240.05

Table: Five years (2005 - May 2009)

average temperature (0C) of

Rajshahi

Month

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

January 9.4 26.4 6.5 29 6.2 18.3 11.09 23.74 12.35 24.49

February 8.9 33.2 12.8 35.4 10.6 30.5 11.96 25.59 12.56 29.45

March 15.2 36 13.7 39.6 11.9 37.5 20.12 33.03 17.96 33.39

April 18.9 38.6 20 38.8 18.5 39 23.07 36.33 23.89 37.44 May 19.4 39.8 21 39 20.9 39.2 24.25 35.43 - -

June 24 42.4 22.5 36.8 25.59 33.77 25.71 32.64 - -

July 24 34 25.2 36.4 26.05 32.45 25.98 31.95 - -

August 24.2 35.5 25.2 35.8 26.56 33.17 26.37 32.77 - -

September 23.4 36.2 24 35.5 26.06 32.85 25.84 32.24 - -

October 19 33 21.7 34.6 23.29 31.9 22.56 31.79 - -

November 14 31.4 10.4 31.5 18.45 29.75 16.55 29.59 - -

December 10.2 27.8 9.7 27.4 11.54 25.42 15.04 25.01 - -

Mean 17.55 34.53 17.73 34.98 18.80 31.98 20.71 30.84 - -

Table. Average production and disposal pattern of

homestead vegetable of 10 farmers Barind area, Rajshahi,

July 2008- February 2009

Locati

on

Total

producti

on in

240

days

(kg)

Total

own

consumpt

ion (kg)

Own

consumpt

ion

(g/head/d

ay)

Free

distribut

ion (kg)

Sold

(kg)

Total

cash

incom

e

(Taka)

Nachol

e 83 66 55.00 14.73 2.27 23/-

Shapa

har 137 87 72.71 18.74 31.00 310/-

Mean 110 76.63(70) 63.85

16.73(15

)

16.63(1

5)

166.50

/-

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80g

/head

/day

Before intervention After Intervention

Fig. Comparative vegetable consumption per

head/day (g) , before and after intervention

Nachole

Shapahar

Mean

Fresh vegetable collection from home garden

and cooking for healthy dish

Fig. Work distribution in homestead vegetable

between male and female, HBT, 2008-09

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

L. p

repa

See

ding

Inte

rcult

Har

vest

Mar

ket

% w

ork

dis

trib

uti

on

Male

Female

Timely wheat plantation has prospect,

requires small amount of water for

irrigation

Reduced chickpea growth-low pH

and low organic matter

Fig. Comparative economic benefits of different

dry land crops,Nachole, HBT, 2008-09

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Chickpea

Chickpea+Barley

Wheat

Tk/B

ig

ha

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

BC

R

Gross

margin(Tk/Big

ha)

Fig. Coparative economic return from from different

crops, Shapahar, HBT, 2008-09

0

200400

600800

1000

12001400

16001800

2000

Chickpea

Chickpea+Linseed

Wheat

Tk/B

ig

ha

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

BC

R

Gross margin(Tk/Bigha)

BCR

Rainfed but good

growth due to deep

root and prolific root

system of both

chickpea and barley.

Up to 105 cm deep

root in Barind soil

Moringa a drought

tolerant , widely

Adapted, highly

nutritious and medicinal

plant –leaves are more

valuable than pod

Bamboo Bush management: - A

Scarce resource of Barind

Provided Technical Back-up to DAE (LACC-II

project) for BARI mandated crops/technology

Adaptation to Climate

Change for children