A Vocabulary of the Tromowa Dialect of Tibetan - SOAS ...

A V ocabulary of the Tromowa Dialect of TibetanSPOKEN IN THE CHUMBI VALLEY

(So far as i t differs from S tan d ard Tibetan),

T O G E T H E R W IT H

A CORRESPONDING VOCABULARY OPSIKHIMESE AND OF CENTRAL (STANDARD) TIBETAN(Given for th e purpose o f com parison).

Compiled by E . H . C . W A L S H , i.c.s.

(The corresponding Sikhimese words supplied by Sub-Inspector S. IV. LADEN LA, Bengal Police.)

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INTRODUCTION.

The Tromowa dialect of Tibetan is the language spoken by the people of Tromo gro-mo), which is the name given to the portion of Tibet lying south of the Tibetan table-land, and which projects southwards like a wedge between Sikkim on the west and Bhutan on the east, from which it is separated on either side by high ranges of mountains. This area, which consists of deep narrow valleys and high ranges of mountains, is generally known to Europeans as the Chumbi Valley though it comprises two main valleys—that of the Ammo-Chhu (the Chumbi Valley), and that of the Khambu-Chhu, which unites with the Ammo-Chhu at Chumbi. The Tibetans consider the people of this area as distinct from themselves and do not call them Tibetans (^5 I bod-pa), nor do the Tromowas ever speak of themselves as “ Tibetans.” Except for the through-carrying trade, which has grown up in recent times and which from Phari downwards is mostly in their own hands, they have never had much intercourse with the people of Central Tibet, and until recent years very little interference has been exercised over them even by Tibetan officials. They have thus been left to themselves in their own valleys, and their language differs in many respects from that of Central Tibet.

This difference is chiefly in the use of different words or idioms, in different form of the particles used with the same word, and in differences of pronunciation. The present vocabulary does not profess to be a complete vocabulary of the Tromowa dialect, but only of such words in it as differ in the above respects from Central Tibetan. In this respect it has been made complete, as far as I have been able to do so, for words in general use. For any word not given in the vocabulary the Central Tibetan word is current, and the vocabulary must therefore be used in connection with a Tibetan vocabulary for any words which do not occur in it.

Not only does the Tromowa dialect differ from Central Tibetan but the dialect of the Upper Tromowas, or people living in the upper portion of the valley, differs in some cases from that of the Lower Tromowas.

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To account for this latter difference, which seems strange in the case of persons brought into continual contact with one another, it must be borne in mind that the Upper and Lower Tromowas claim a different origin, and have always had and still have an entirely separate local administration. The difference between them is marked in many other ways which show that their origin is distinct; and that while the Upper Tromowas are an immigration in early times from Tibet, the Lower Tromowas have chiefly immigrated from Bhutan.

To show how these two peoples living in intercourse with one another have maintained their distinction in other respects than in dialect, it is only necessary to mention one or two points of difference. Many of the Upper Tromowas are of the old Bon-pa religion, which was the religion of Tibet before the introduction of Buddhism, whereas none of the Lower Tromowas are. The Upper Tromowa men wear the pigtail, whereas the Lower Tromowas wear tne hair cut short like the Bhutanese. The Upper Tromowa women wear the hair in two plaits, which are united down the back. The Lower Tromowa women, while making the hair in two plaits, tie these separately round the head and do not let them hang down. In the matter of the men’s dress too there was a difference until recent years, as the Lower Tromowas wore the Bhutanese form and material of clothing; and though all except the older men have now given this up and wear the Tibetan form of dress worn by the Upper Tromowas, a few of the older men still wear the Bhutanese form of dress.

I have thought it necessary to mention these facts to show how it is that the dialects of the Upper and Lower Tromowas have remained distinct in the use of words or pronunciation in cases where they differ.

As to their respective origins. The tradition of the Upper Tromowas is that there were certain original inhabitants who have always lived in the valley from pre-historic times. These are known as Khyim-ser-Rawa- nang-pa,—“ Those within the fence of the golden house.” Next after these came the Chi-pon Tsang-khor who immigrated here from the Khams province of Tibet. This is said to have been a very long while ago, and there is no history of their coming. A second immigration known as Nam- khen pa, the 11 sby-knowers,” are said to have come from Sakya, subsequently to the Chi-pons, though the date of their arrival is also not known. These three classes have all intermarried and become one people.

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The Lower Tromowas say that the original inhabitants were called Sa-kya-pas, namely “ men of Sakya,” who were probably an offshoot of that second immigration into Upper Tromo. Subsequently the Ha-pas, people of the province of Ha in Bhutan, came in about 400 years ago with a chieftain named Shah-dang Leha-Rinpochhe who held possession of the valley for a time, and they subsequently remained and settled down there.

The above difference of origin sufficiently accounts for the differences in pronunciation or use of different words in the two dialects.

T he Vocabulary.

As already stated the present vocabulary is not intended to furnish a full vocabulary of Tromowa words but only such words as differ from the word in use in standard Tibetan, either in the word used or in its form or pronunciation. In the case of any word or its equivalent not found in the vocabulary, the word in use is the same as that in standard Tibetan subject to certain general rules as the modification of affixes noted hereafter. The vocabulary must therefore be used in conjunction with a vocabulary of standard Tibetan such as Mr. V. C. Henderson’s which is the best vocabulary of colloquial Tibetan up to date or Mr. C. A. Bell’s fuller one, which is now in the Press. The word should first be looked for in the present vocabulary, and if not found it shows that there is no distinctive Tromowa word in use, but that the ordinary Tibetan word is used which will then be found in a Tibetan vocabulary.

Whenever the word in use in Upper Tromowa differs from that in Lower Tromowa I have given both words indicating them by the letters U. T. and L. T., respectively.

I have given in each case in column 4 the corresponding word in Sikhimese, which has been furnished by Sub-Inspector S. W. Laden-La of the Bengal Police, who is a native of Sikhim, and who was my clerk while I was on the Tibet Mission. I believe that the vocabulary will thus also be found to be a more complete vocabulary of Sikhimese than hitherto exists and will therefore be of use to officers engaged in Sikhim as well as in the Chumbi Valley.

It will be seen that there is very close affinity between the Tromowa and Sikhimese languages, especially the Lower Tromowa dialect in which the word is generally the same as the Sikhimese.

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The method by which the vocabulary has been compiled is as follows:—The Tromowa 'words have all been obtained from the collected kong-

dus (local officials) and village headmen whom I used to have collected at my tent, and every word has therefore been given by, and has the assent of, the leading villagers of both the upper and lower valley and may be accepted as correct. The method on which I proceeded in its compilation was to take Mr. V. C. Henderson’s vocabulary given in his Tibetan Manual and work through it asking in each case what was the Tromowa for the corresponding Tibetan word and noting it down in all cases where it differed in form or pronunciation. The Tromowa and Sikhimese words are spelt phonetically. As it may be alleged that a foreigner’s ear is often defective in shades of pronunciation in another language, I checked the pronunciation recorded in each case with Sub-Inspector S. W. Laden-La, my clerk, who is a Sikhimese, who transcribed the words given; and the pronunciation as given may be accepted as correct. The Tibetan words in the fourth column are given for purposes of comparison only and are the words in general use, though in many cases there may be other words used as well.

G rammar.

As Tromowa is merely a dialect of Tibetan, its grammar is the same as Tibetan, and it is therefore only necessary to note the points in which it differs.

The main point of difference is the verb, which differs in its formation in several of the tenses. I therefore give an example of the form of the various tenses, as used in Tromowa, below:—

Present Tense. Past Tense. Past Participle.

Present Tense. Imperfect.

Future.Perfect. Pluperfect. Future Perfect. Preterite.

Infinitive Mood.To say.To have said. Having said.

Indicative Mood.I am saying, I say, I was saying.

I shall say.I have said.I had said.I shall have said. I said.

Lab-po; Lab-po-be; L ab-ti;

Nga-lab-to ; Nga-lab-pe-gang; Nga-

lab-po-gang;Nga lab-she;Nga lab-po-yin;Nga lab-tsha-wo-yin; Nga lab«po-she;Nga lab-tsha-wo; or

Nga lab-che;

Present.Imperfect.Perfect.Pluperfect.

Imperative.

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Conditional Mood.I may say.I might say. - I may have said.I might have said.

Say!Let us say.

Nga lab-tshu-she; Nga lah-tshu-kam; Nga lab-tshu-she y in ; Nga lah-tshu-she-yin-

kam;Lab-po;Nga-cha lab-ke;

The chief difference of formation will be seen to be (in. order of their practical importance)—

(1) The use of she for the future tense, and for the compoundtenses formed from the future. (The future of the verb “ to be,” however, is ong, as in Tibetan,)

(2) The use of gang, “ occasion,” in the imperfect tense.(3) The use of tshu in place of tsha in the formation of the

perfect tenses of the conditional or subjunctive mood.(4) The use of he to form the past infinitive.

In some cases there is a difference in the pronouns and adverbs used. Where they differ, they are given in the vocabulary.

The main differences between the Tromowa dialect and standard Tibetan are—

(1) The use of words peculiar to Tromowa.(2) The use of Tibetan words in a different meaning to that with

which they are generally used in Tibetan.(3) The use of a different form of the particle affix.(4) Pronunciation.

Examples of the first and second will be found in the vocabulary. An example of the second is the word lompo which is used in Tibetan for “ thick, stout, bulky” &c., but not as the general word for “ large” or “ great” which is chhen-po. In Tromowa however “hom-po” is used as chhengpo is used in Tibetan, both for the word itself and in words formed from it. Thus homchhung is “ size” and not chhe-chhung as in Tibetan.

The particle pa and wa in Tibetan become po and wo in Tromowa. Where this is the only difference I have not given the words in the vocabulary as it did not seem necessary, they are really the same words; and it need merely, be borne in mind that pa and wa in Tibetan are po and wo in Tromowa. Thus sam-pa “ a bridge ” is in Tromowa sam-po. They also frequently assimilate to the last consonant of the word, e.g., lak-ko

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for lak-po for Tibetan lag-pa “ hand,” and in this assimilation the consonant is transferred in pronunciation from the end of the preceding syllable to the affix so that lak-ko is pronounced la-ko “ hand.” In a similar way we have chi-ku for Tibetan chik-po “ alone.” In other words the affix is suppressed and combined with the word itself, e.g., kyum in Upper Tromowa, for Tibetan skyur-mo “ acid,” or bum for bu-mo, “ a daughter,” gyem “ a queen,” and many other words.

In some cases the affix used is different, as in the case of the word just mentioned, which in Lower Tromowa is kyu-pu instead of skyur-mo in Tibetan.

The main differences of pronunciation are—(1) In giving an “ 0” sound to the inherent “ a ” sound of the letters,

e.g., long li a bull ” for lang (glanq). This is more pronounced in Lower Tromowa than in Upper.

(2) The Ya-tas (compound letters with the letter y subscribed) pya,phya, bya pronounced in Tibetan cha, chha, or ja are pronounced in Tromowa, as spelt, pya, phya, or bya and often the y sound is scarcely audible. Thus the verb “ to fe” in Tromowa is bya-uio in place of the Tibetan che-pa (byed-pa).

(3) The Ra-tas (compound letters with r subscribed) are also differentlypronounced. Thus kra ; khra ; qra; pronounced in Tibetan tra; thra; and tra or dra; respectively, with the r sound more or less perceptible, are in Tromowa pronounced kya, khya, and gya, e.g., gyi “ a sword” for the Tibetan tri (sgri). In many cases the y is not sounded at all, thus khral “ a tax” is pronounced khe in Tromowa. There are, however, one or two words in which the Tibetan pronunciation is followed, though in these cases the r sound is scarcely perceptible, eg., nye- thi “ a bed ” (Tibetan nyal-khri) similarly pra; phra; and bra; pronounced in Tibetan tra; thra; and tra or dra; respectively are in Tromowa pya, phya, or bya.

Thus the Tibetan dre “ rice” (abras) is in Tromowa bya and is pronounced the same as bya a fowl which in Tibetan is pronounced ja.

To this rule, again there are one or two exceptions as $ul “ grain.” Ra-tas sounded as t or d are shown in the vocabulary with a dot under

the letter, thus t or

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(4) The interchange of gutturals for labials, e.g., phug “ a shield” forthe Tibetan p M .

(5) The final r is generally not pronounced. Thus ma-pu or map a red ’’for Tibetan dmar-po.

(6) s does not generally modify the “ a ” of the preceding letter into“ e” as in Tibetan. Thus na “ barley” not ne (nas) as in Tibtean.

I, however, does modify the vowel sound of the preceding letter as in Tibetan, e.g., gyemo or gyern “ a queen” (rgyal-mo).

(7) Superscribed s gives a strong aspirated sound in Tromowa—asLheb-po “ to come” for bep-pa (sleb-pa) in Tibetan.

(8) Throughout the vocabulary 6 and ii are to be pronounced as inGerman, or as eu and u in French.

THE PHILOLOGICAL USE OP THE VOCABULARY.

(E xplanation of the T ransliteration of T ibetan words given for comparison.)

The present vocabulary is intended in the first place for the practical use of officers requiring to learn the dialect of the Chumbi Valley or of Sikhim, and as the necessity for an elementary knowledge of the Tibetan language and grammar is presupposed in either case, I had not originally intended to transliterate the Tibetan words given for comparison.

It seemed, however, that it might add to the value of the vocabulary for the use of Philologists in Europe interested in the study of the phonetic differences between the various dialects and offshoots of Tibetan if the corresponding Tibetan words were transliterated to make them easier for general comparison, and I have therefore done so.

The transliteration is literal. I have made use of no special signs. To those accustomed to work in the Tibetan character this will present no diff icu lty , but as various special signs have been adopted to designate certain letters in different dictionaries, and also by the Congress of Orientalists and the Royal Asiatic Society, I therefore give below a comparative table of the various special signs that have been used to designate the letters mentioned in case they should be required for the purpose of reference to corresponding or other words mentioned in any of those sources.

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Tibetanletter.

J as dike’s Dictionary.

Sarat Chandra Das’s

Dictionary.

Asiatic Society, Bengal,

formerly.*Royal Asiatic

Society.

Transliteration followed in the present vocabulary.

K’ n An 9 h ng

' ny n n n ny

z' eh s s zh

6 h . . . . . . a

5 c c s sh

’a a • • • a

* The Asiatic Society of Bengal has now adopted the system of the Royal Asiatic Society (viz., that of the Oriental Congress of 1894).

In the above tables and have been left blank under the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and the Royal Asiatic Society, as no transliteration appears to be prescribed, and the transliteration followed in any particular case would therefore be that followed by the contributor.

I would note that there is no ambiguity in the transliteration given, since in Tibetan g never follows 3j n ; y never follows 3j w; and k never follows a st or s. So there can be no ambiguity as regards the combinations ng, ny, sh and sh used in the vocabulary, since they can each of them only possibly represent one Tibetan letter, and not two; as those two letters never follow each other. And these combinations have the advantage of representing the sound of the letters to transliterate—

Translation.c is transliterated by ... ... ... ng

ditto by ... ... ... nyditto by

As regards zha, it is true that in Lhasa and through Central Tibet, as noted by Jaschke, the difference in pronunciation between it and ska is one of tone rather than pronunciation. But the Lhasa man, though he will himself pronounce ska in a low tone and not ska, is accustomed to hear those from other parts pronounce it ska and understands it. And in many outlying dialects it has the sound of ska. For the western dialects Jaschke gives it as ska, and states that it has “ the sounds of s in leisure.” For

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the southern dialects Lewin gives it as sha and says it is pronounced like “ z in azure.” Desgodins for the eastern dialects also gives it this sound and, writing in French, says it is pronnunced as “ ja ” which is exactly the same.

In Tromowa the pronunciation of this letter follows that of Central Tibet and the letter is pronunced sha, but less sharply than •*, sha.

For the purpose of reading the transliterated Tibetan words phonetically a knowledge of the rules of pronunciation of Central Tibetan is supposed. These are very fully given by Jaschke in column 5 (Tsang U) of the Phonetic Table which he gives in the preface to his dictionary. The main rules for pronunciation may however be briefly summarised as follows:—

(1) The prefixes g ; 5', d; b; *1, m; and % a, are silent exceptin the case of 3, b; m; and % a, where they come before the second word of a compound word, the first word of which ends in a vowel when 3 b is pronounced as 5, and *1, m and % a, each have the sound of n.

Thus, bshi is pronounced shi and 3$', bchu “ ten” is pronounced chu, but bchu-bshi “ fourteen” is pronounced chub shi, and

bshi-bchu, “ forty” is pronounced shibchu.Similarly me-mda “ a gun ” is pronounced menda and

di-adra “ thus” is pronounced dindra.The prefixes have been transliterated by italics in the vocabulary.

(2) Similarly the letters r I and s when superscribed overanother letter, viz,, in the transliteration, when preceding other consonants, are not sounded except in the case of r when commencing the second word of a compound word as noted in the preceding rule, e.g., rdorje, which is pronounced

dorje.3. The pronunciation of the letter y subscribed in compound letters,

v iz , (in the transliteration) when following another consonant is as follows:—

kyakhyagya

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pronounced as written.

bya pronounced ja, or cha. pya ,, cha.phya ,, chha.

4.—

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5. Where ’s r is subscribed, namely where, in the transliteration, it follows another consonant the combination is pronounced as follows:—

0 kra ; 5 tha ; 5J pra are pronounced tra,0 khra; thra ; phra are pronounced thra, and5J gra; \ dra; 3 bra are pronounced tra, when not preceded by a

prefix and dra when preceded by a prefix.6. In § nra ; mra; and -0 shra. The r is hardly sounded at all.7. sra is pronounced either sa, sra, or hr a.8. Where °l is subscribed namely, where, in the transliteration, it

follows another consonant, the preceding consonant is not sounded. Thus o! kla; 3J gin ; § bla; % rla ; and 3} sla are all pronounced la (the first letter not being sounded).

9. sla is pronounced da.10. In compounds of three letters the first consonant is silent and

the pronunciation of the combination therefore follows that of the last two, e.y., skra “ hair”—is pronounced tra or ta.

11. ^3 dhga is pronounced ya.The above Rules of Pronunciation must be borne in mind in making any

phonetic comparison between the Tibetan word given in column 4 and the corresponding Tromowa or Sikhimese word in the Vocabulary.

C onclusion.

In conclusion my thanks are due to Sub-Inspector S. W. Laden La of the Bengal Police who was my clerk in Tibet for the assistance he has given me in the compilation of the Vocabulary and for the list of corresponding Sikhimese words, which he has furnished.

The Vocabulary, as the first attempt to record a new dialect, does not profess to be complete. There are doubtless many other words peculiar to the Tromowa dialect, and it no doubt contains mistakes. But I have tried to make it as accurate as possible, and where I have failed I must ask the indulgence granted to a first attempt, and trust that a successor will amplify and complete it.

A VOCABULARY OP THE TROMOWA DIALECT OP TIBETANSPOKEN IN THE CHUMBI TALLEY,

So far as i t d iffers from C en tra l (S tandard ) T ibe tan .

Note.— Throughout the Vocabulary 6 and u are to be pronounced as in German or as eu and u respectively in French.

In cases where d (with a line underneath) occurs at the end of a word it is not sounded, but causes the preceding vowel to be pronounced very short, and when the preceding vowel is o, causes it to be pronounced as a very short o.

English. | Tromowa. | Sikhimese. Tibetan.

AAbdomen Pho; Su-pa; Su-po; 5'q' | Grong-pa ; Pho-wa.Ability Num-po; Num-po; 1 | Thub-pa; Nus-pa.Able Oho-ka ; Tshu-po ; Cho-po; 1 gqj’q , Thub-pa; Lchog-

Abominable Kham-log-ke; Kham-log sing-sing;pa.

I Skyur-bro-po.About (of quan D e ; D zd; 1 Tsam,

tity)

AbcveAbout this = De-chig; Teng;

About ZA/s=Di-dzo; Teng-kha; Teng-lo; Steng-la ; Skor-la.

Abscess Shu-gag; Shu-gag; I Shu-wa.Absolutely u.t., Tso-le; Ma-tsa-le; 1 Etsa-nas.

Abundantl.t., K i-cheu; u.t., Mang-ku ; Nyog-kyi; w ’cj | Mang-po.

Abusel.t., Mong-pu; Kha-ngan; Kha-nge; Kha- 1 1 6?shi-(/sh i ;

Accompany, toKha-phog;

Nyam-pu gyu-wo;

phog;Nyam-pu gyu-wo ;

Smad-pa.1 J/nyam-du agro-

Accustom u.t., Gom-gom-po; l .t., Jong-jong-po u.t., Kyu-pu;

Gom-po ;wa.

| Goms-pa.

Acid Kyum ; g^’ | Skyur-mo.

Adopt, tol.t., K yum ;So-wo; So-wo;

v>

| Gfcos-pa.

Advice Ko; Ko; f 6?dains-ngag;

Affection Jam -po;

To give advice = Ko- kyab-po;

J am-po;

Grains.

gwni | Byams-pa.

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English. Tromowa. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

Afraid u.t., Ji-pe ; l.t., Ju -po ;

Ju-po; c^sprqj -4jigs-pa.

After u.t ., Je-le; l .t., Shu-le ;

Shu-le; gyab-le; 1 ^ 1 Rjes-eu;6rzhug-la.

Afterwards Da-le-pha; Phan-che: 1 Phyin-chhad.Again L og-ti; L og-ti; «K'g* | Yang-skyar.Ahead Hon-le ; Ngon-mo; N gom le; I 1 Gdong-la ;

Sngon-la.Aid Ro; R o ; Xqjsj I Rogs.Alike Yer-med; Chig-ko; Yer-med; Chig-ko;

Da-wo;i ^ 'q | (xchig-pa ; -4dra-

pa.Alive Som-pu; Som-pu; A-som; Som-pu; | <?son-po.Alone Chi-ku; Chig-ku; 1 6rchig-po.Alter Ji-u ; Ji-w o; | Sgyur-wa.Always A-tang; A-tang; Ten-ja; 1 Rgy un-dn.Amidst Bu; Bu-nang; I ^ ’1 Pkyil-du ; nang-la.Amusement u.t., Tsi-mu;

l .t,, Tsem ;Tsim; | Rtsed-mo.

Anger Tsi-ko; She-dang; Khong-tha;

Tsi-ko; She-dang; K hong-tha;

1 . Tshag-pa;Dgongs-pa.

Angry, to be Tshi-ko za-wo; Tshi-k za-wo; i Tshig-pa-za-wa.Annoy, to Khong-tha long-go; Khong-tha lhong-

bo;1 Khong-khro-

tfkrug-pa.Another Shen; Sho-mo; i Gzhan.Antique u.t., Nyeng-ko;

l .t., Nye-po;Nyeng-ku; t * ’q 1 Rnyeng-pa.

Anybody Ga-y in-rung; Ka-yin-rung ; Ka- yang;

$’«K’ | Su-zhig; Su- yang.

Ape P i-u ; Pi-u; § I Spre.Apparel G o; Nam-zo ; Go, Go-la; Nam-za; aj'qs I G os;

Dug-lo; Na-6za.Arise Ya-long-po; Ya-long-po; | Yar-lang-wa.Arm La-ko; La-ko; I Lag-pa.Arm-pit Chhen-kog; Chhen-kong ; I J/chhan-khung.Around Pha-tshu ; Pha-tshu, 1 Phan-tshun.Arouse {from

sleep)Nyid-se-po; Mig-sed-po; 1 <?nyid-sad-pa.

Arrest She-bo, zung-bo; She-bo, Zung-bo; q||c/q | q | C?zung-pa;^4dzin-pa.

Arrive Lheb-po; Lheb-po; Sjerq | | Sleb-pa;Jtbyor-wa.

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As Dem, dra-wo; D em ; Tsam; Nang-6zhin.

Ascend, to Dzeg-ko ; Dzeg-ko; | ^tdzeg-pa.Assist Bo-bya-wo; Bo-by a-wo ; I Bogs-byed' pa.Astray u.t., Biyang-bo;

l .t., Biyong-bo ;Biyang-bo; I Nor-wa.

A t La; Tsa; Tsa-kha; L a ; Tsa'; Tsa-kha; «(| La.Aunt A -nyi; A-nyi (both in pater

nal and maternal aunt);

bm 351 J-ne.

Authorise, to Ka-nang-go; Ka-pim-bo; Ka- nang-bo;

| 7?ka-Crnang-wa.

Avoid Zu-u Zu-bo; **115*11 Crzung-wa.Awake, to Nyid-se-po ; Mig-sed-po; I 6?nyid-sad-pa.

BBaby Po-tso; Po-tso; O I 1 Phru-gu; Pu-gu.Bachelor Pho-kyang; Pho-rang ; Pho-

kyang ;5 | Pho-rang-nga.

Bad u.t., Nyen-po; l.t ., Kyo-kyo;

Ma-le-po; Kyo- kyo;

qyq 1 Ngan-pa.

Bag u .t ., Pha-tsa; l.t., Phe-tsa;

Phed-tsa; Tsang- khug-;

*5 ! 13*1 I P had ; khug.

Bamboo Pa-shing; Pa-ram; Pa-yum ; Mhi-mo;

Pa-shing; Pa-ram ; Pa-yum ;

0 Smyug-ma.

Bark, to u.t., Ab-po; l.t., H ab-po;

Hab-po ; Hab-pa.

Barley N a; Na; W Nas.Basin K a-to; D on ; 1 Ka-to-ra (Hindi).Basket Tse-wo; Tse-wo ; 2’q | Sle-po; Tse-po.Bat (animal) Pho-Ion g-da; Phyo-long-da; * r ^ ’ I Pha-wang.Bath Shong-po; Shong-po; I Chhu-pzhong.Bathe Ohhu-she; Ohhu-she; -4khru-wa.Be Yim-be; B e ; Yim-ba ; Yim-be ;

Be;o)yq| ^ -q , ajyq | Yin-pa;

Bed-pa; Yod-pa.Beam Dung; Dung-ma ; I £dung-ma.Bean Se-ma; Tig-bi; 1 Sran-ma.Beast Bod-tsong; Jol-song; Dun-do;

Chen-zen; Bod- tsong;

I I Dud-agro; Byol-song. Crchan- gzan.

L 4 ]

English. Tromoioa. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

Beastly Kham-lo-ke; Kham-log sing-sing; 1 Skyug-bro-po.Beautiful u.t., Le-po; Gethag;

Yiga-ong-bo; l .t., Ge-thag;

Ghang chhi-chhi; Lem;

| J/dzes-po.

Because Don-da-le; Don-dag lo; 25'^ 1 Don-du; Phyir-du.Become, to u.t., Ong-go-be;

l.t., Ong-bo-be;Ong-bo; Thon-bo; Yong-pa;

u4byor-wa; Rgynr-wa.Bed N ye-th i; Nye-thi; Nye-so; 1 3*1' 1 Nyal-khri;

Nyal-sa.Bedding Me-chha; Me-chha; | Mal-zan.Bee u.t., Byam;

l.t., Se-byom;Byam ; Se-byam; ^ ’3 I S p* | Sbrang-bu;

Sbrang-ma.Beef u.t., Long-sha;

l.t ., Lang-sha;Lang-sha; No-sha; 31 *1 1 1 Glang-sha;

Ba-sha.Before or

formerlyHon-le ; N ga-m a; Ngon-mo;

Dang-pu;| | Snga-ma;

Sngon-la.Beget, to Kyi-u; K yi-w a; | Skje-wa.Beggar Byang long; Pyang lo n g ; | Sprang-po.Beginning Hon-le bon-le; G o;

Go-thog;Ngon-mo-le;

Dang-po-le;| Tbog-ma.

J/go-nas.Behead Ke-che-po; Ke-tog-

ko ;Ke-che-po; Ke-tog-

ko;1 Ske-^chod-pa.

Behind u.t., Je-le ; l .t., Shu-le;

Shu-le; 1 i ’** 1 6?zhug-la; Rje-la.

Bell D i-pu; D i-pu; D i-bu; ^«i’3 1 Dril-bu.Belly Pho; Khog-ko; Su-pa; Ehog-po; 1 r5 I Grod-pa ; Khog-pa.Bend, to Kyog-ko; Gu-gu; Kyog-ko; Kug-gu; I 1 Kyog-pa; Kug.Bent Kyog-ku; Kyog-ku; Kyog-

ky°g ;! K yog; Kyog.

Beside Bo-lo; Bo-lo; 1 ^g ram -la ;Rtsa-la.

Best Le-ta; Le-sho; Le-sho; Le-thag- chod;

<w| I 1 Yag-shos;6?yang-rtse.

Betel-nut u.t., Ga-ye; l.t., Go-he;

Go-he; ^ ’<3 1 Go-yu,

Better Le-pe; Le-pe; uraj-nj | Yag-ga.

Bhutan Lho; Lho-yii; L ho ; Lho-yii; I -4brug-yul.Bhutia Lho-po; Lho-po; | ^4brug-pa.

Big Bompu; Bompu; | Chhen-po; Sbom- po.

Bird Bya; Byi-chung; Bya; Byi-chung; 31 | Bya ; Byiu.

C 5 ]


Birth Kyi-u, Kyi-u; g'^ l Skye-pa.Bitch Mo-khyi, Mo-khyi; 0'^ 1 Khyi-mo.Bite So-tab-po, So-tab-po; | q i Rmug-pa;

8o-rgyab-pa.Bit (horse’s) Sab-kyi K haru ; H rap-chag; Srab-lchags,

kha-isdam.Black N ag-ku; N ag-ku; W 5 1 Nag-po.Blade Nho; Nho; 1 Ldo.Blame Kon; Kon; l Skyon.Blanket Me-chha; Ma-chhe; Me-chha; Mal-zan; Nyal-

zan.Blaze u.t., Mi-dang;

l .t., Mi-dong;Mi-dang; *>’*5 1 i Me-od ;

Me-dwangs.Bleed Khyag-thon-bo ; Khyag-thon-bo; 03 ’ q | Khrag-thon-pa;Blind Sha-o; Sha-o ; Mig-sha-o; qc/q | | Zhar-wa ;

Mig-zhar-wa.Block Kag-ko; Kag-ko; q | pwj’q i Z?kab-pa ; Khag-

pa.Blood K hyag; Khyag; 031 Khrag.Blossom M i-tog; M in-tog; I Me-tog.Blow, to (as

the wind)Kyab-po; Kyab-po; JA’b | Rgyab-pa.

Blow, to (with the mouth)

Phu-tab-po; Phu-tab-po; 9’g ^ l J b u d p a ; Phu-rgyab-pa.

Blow (fist) Dzog; Dzog; i Rdzog-rang.Blunder Dzo-wa; No-bo; Dzo-wo; 1 Nor-wa.Blunt No-me-po; No-me-po; | Rno-po-med-pa.Body D zu; L ii; Dzu, L ii; 313*J | i Gzugs; Lus.Bold Kho-ko bom-pu; Do-nyi bom-pu; | Blo-khog-chhen-po.Bolt, to Go-cha kyab-po; Go-cha kyab-po; q i Sgo-lchage-rgyab-

pa.Bone Bu-tog; R u-tog; | ’3f | Rus-pa; Rus-go.Boot Lham; Lham; I Lham.(Tromoua’s boot

with leather soles and warm cloth on top)

Kyu-lham; Gyu-lham; 3 ’ | Gro-lham.

Bore, to (holes) Buga-ton-bo; Bu-ba ton-bo; Stygt'qY'ci | Mig-khung-teo-wa.Bom, to be Kyi-u; K yi-u ; g q I Skye-wa.Borrow, to Nya-wo; Ki-wo; Nya-wo; Ki-wo; 1 g’«» I <?yang-wa;

Skyi-wa*

E 6 3

English, Tromowz. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

Borrow, to (money)

Bo-lon len-bo; Bo-lon nya-wo; Bo-lonlen-bo;

q | Bu-lon-yyar-wa.

Bosom u.t.. Phang-ko; l .t ., Phong-po;

Phang-po; i Bang-pa.

Both Nyi-pu; Nyi-pu; Nyi-gar; 1 C^nyis-ka.Bottle She-dam; She-bum; | Shel-bum.Bough Sha-lang; Sha-ka; Sha-gang; Sha-ka; i Tal-ga.Bow {in

salutation)Phyag-tshe-bo; Phyag-tshe-wo; guj-^q-q , Phyag-atshal-wa.

Bowl u.t., Pho-po; l.t., Phop;

Pho-po; Wv«l | Phor-pa.

Box u.t,, Gam; l .t., Dom;

D om ; 5p» 1 Sgam.

Boy Bo-tso; O-nges; Bo-tso; 0-ngeg; 1 S’* I B u-gu; Pu-tsha.Bya-bu; Bya-bu;

Bracelet Di-u; Di-u; a'’I’I ^ I Sgrog- firdung; Lag-pdub.

Brain Le-po; Le-po; SlS'f 1 Glad-pa.Branch Sha-lang; Sha-ka;

She-ga ;Sha-gang; Sha-ka; W ‘J|1 Tal-ga.

Brave Kho-ko bompu; Do-nyi bom pu; | Blo-khog-ohhen-po.Bread Khu-leb; Ba-leb; Khu; K hu-leb; , Bag-leb.Breadth Sheng-kha; Shen; Sheng-kha; ^c/| Cfeheng; Zhang.Break Chag-ko; Cha-ko; Ohag-ko; apfafci | Gtshog-pa.Breakfast Nga-ru zam-mo ; Nga-ru zamo; | Zhogs-gas-ka-lag.Breast u.t., Byang-gok;

l.t., Byong;Byang-gog; B yang; gc.’ | Bang-go ; brang.

Breath U ; Bu ; U ; B u; SS’I” 1 -Dbus.Breathe, to U-ton-bo; Bu-ton-

bo;U-ton-bo; Bu-ton-

b o ;«£q|q-q5E.-q | Dbus-&dang-pa.

Breathless U -m ed; Bu-med; U-med ; Bu m ed; ^ ”^5 1 Dbus-med.Bribe Pha-no; Kha-sub; Tsib-do; Kha-sub; 1 PS” 1 Phag-sub; Kha-

sub.Bride N ha-mo; N ha-m a; Nha-mo;

Bag-m o;| qn| ») | Jfua-m a; Bag-

ma.Bridegroom Mag-ko; M ag-ko; #wp i Mag-pa.Bridle H ra p ; Sap; Hrap ; gq I Srab.

Brigand A -o ; Kun-chen; A-khen;

Jag -ko ; Kun-ohen; w p 1 Jag-pa.

Bring, to Ba-ong-bo; Ba-ong-bo; | .Jkhyer-yong-wa.

C 7 ]

English, Tromowa. Sikkimese, Tibetan,

Brink, Ohhu-kha; Chhu-tsa; Chhu-i- I i -4gram; Ohhu-Chhu-i-bo-lo; ho-lo; ffgram.

Bristle Pha-zi; Phag-zi; ’3 I Phag-zi.Broad Y ang-trag; Gy a- Yang-yang; yang- I 5 q , Yangs-pa ;

chhenpo; trag; Rgya-chhen-po.Broom u.t , Tshe-phya; Tshe-phyag; 1 Phyag-ma.

l.t., Tshe-phya; Phyam ;

Phyam ;

Brother P u n ; Pun; 1 /Spun.„ (elder) A-chu; A-chu; w 1 A-jo.„ (younger) Pun-lo; Pun-lo; N u ; i Nu-wa.

Brown Gya-mug; Gya-mug; 5’ 1 Rgya-mo; Rgya-smug.^

Brush P ha-zi; Phag-zi; 1 Phag-zi.Bubble Chhum-bu ; Chhum-bur; Chhu-

h u ; Chhum-bu;$'9* I Chhu-bur.

Build, to Kyab-po; Zo-wo; Kyab-po; qfq 1 ftrq | 2?zo-wa; Zos-pa.Bulky Bom-pu; Bom-pu; iprq i Sbom-po.

Bundle Tum-tum-bo; Tum-tum-bo; Thum ; | Thum s; Phon.

Burden D o ; D o ; I 1 Dos ; Khal.Bury tt.t., Sa-bo ;

l .t., Sa-ba-o;Sa-ba-o; | Sa-la-sbas-pa.

w q , | ^Ibar-wa;Bum, to Ba-o ; Sun-bo; Ba-wo; Sunbo;Atshag-pa.

Tshig-ko; Seg-ko ; Tshig-ko; Seg-ko; I Sreg-pa.

But O n ; O-no; On; O-na; I O-na.

Butcher Shen-po ; Shen-po; I Shan-pa.

Butt (of gun) Jap-shug; Jap-shug; Khung- 1 I Nya-shug; Ja-shing; shug.

Butter M a; Ma; w I Mar.

Butterfly u.t., Phi-ma-lag; l.t., Pim-lab;

Byam-lap; g ’jrata | (col. W £«’*<) | Phye- ma-leb (col. Chhem chhem-ma).

0Cage Ohag-tha; Dra-m ig; Ta-mig; | I Lchags-khra ;

Elung-rtse

Calf B o ; Bo-sa; Bo- Bo; Bo-sa; I q-g«| i B eu ; Ba-phrug.

Call, tochung;

Bo-po; Bo-po; ifaq 1 i B os; Jbod-pa.q^-q^k-q | Skad-jrtong-wa.

E 8 3English, Tromotca. | Sikkimese. Tibetan,

Cambric D a-ra; D a-re ; | Dar-ras.Camel A-mo; Nga-bong; t ’M*’ | Rnga-bong.Camp Ga; G a; 1 Sgar.Can (verb) u.t., N um -po; Num-po; N u-po; I gq’q | $^q | Thub-pa;

l.t., Nu-po; Thub-po.; Lchog-pa; Nus-pa.

Candid u.t., Tang-ku; l .t., Dong-pu;

Dang-po; Dang-pu; I Drang-po.

Cane Tsem-tsha; Tsen-tsham; Si I Sba.Cannibal Sin-pu; Sin-pu; Sim-pu; ifa’5 | Srin-po.Cap Sham-bu; Sham-bu; Q’35 i Zhwa-mo.Capable, to be u.t., Num-po; N um -po; Nu-po; §q*q 1 Thub-pa; Nus-pa.

l.t., N u-po; Thub-po;Captain Gyag-pon; Gyag-pon; | Rrgya-dpon.Capture, to u.t., Zung-go; Zung-bo; She-bo; | ^ q | Gzung-wa ; Zin-

l .t., Zung-bo; pa.Care (to take care) u.t., Ri-ko-gyim-bo; Rika-gyim-bo; ^qpq’ljsrq | Rig-pa sgrim-pa.

l.t., Ri-ko-bya-wo; Ri-ko bya-wo; Rrtan-po; Byed-

Z a-u ;pa.

Carpenter Shing-zob; | Zheng-bzo-wa.Carrier Do-po; Do-bak- Dopo; Do-bak-khen; W 1 l

khen; Khu-chha -4khyer-mkhan; Dos-bu-1■£akhyer-wkhan.

Carrot Gong-la-phup; Gong-la-pup; 1 Gung-la-phug.Carry Bak-ko; Bak-ko; 1 ^4khur-wa.Carve, to Td-kyab-bo; To-

ko-o;Td-kyab-bo; Shing-

ko-o;jf*rgA’q i Sbrol-rgyab-pa.

Case (law case) Kham-chhu; Lap- Kham-chhu; 1 Kha-mchhu.shi;.

Cast, to u .t., Bi-ko; l.t., Ko-wo;

Ko-bo; Bi-ko; 1 Dbyug-pa.

Caste R i; Gyud-po; R i ; Rii-po; Gyud- 5*1 ^ * | Rus; Rigs.

Catpo;

A -iu; A -lii; | Zhi-mi.Catch She-o; Zung-wo; She-bo; Zung-bo; l -4dzin-pa.Cattle Bo-tsong; Dun-do; Dun-do; Bo-tsong; 1 Dud-flgro.

J ol-song; Jol-song;Cave u.t., Bya-bu;

l .t., Bya-kuk;B ya-kuk; g*rs«l 1 Brag-phug.

Ceiling Cham-khep; Cham-kheb; I Thog-kha.Centre B u ; Bu-m o; B u ; Bu-m o; <*|. Dkyil; B ar;

Dbus.

C 9 3

English, Tromowa. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

Certain Ten-ten; ,Tig-tig; Ten-ten; T ig-tig ; Nge-po;

1 l Eten-ldan ;Nges-pa.

Chamber Khyim-mig; Khyim-mig; | Khang-mig.Change, to J i-u ; Ji-u ; l ’*l ^gyur-w a; Ej’e-

wa.Chapel Lha-khang; Lha-khang; |Charcoal So-mog; 8d-nag; *^1 * | So-la; Sol-wa.Chase, to xj.t ., Do-o ;

l.t., Da-u;Da-u; 1 Ded-pa ;

Chatter, to Khap-dung-kyab-po;

Khap-dung-kyab-po;

Kha las-rdung-wa.

Cheap K he-tag; Gong-chhung-chhung;

K hem pu; . Khe- tag ; Gong-chhung-chhung;

l l Gong-chhung-chhung; Khe-po.

Cheek (of face) Dem-po; Dem-po; 1 -^gram-pa.Cheeky Ke-tsa-tum-pho;

Tsi-u thang-dok;Ke-tsa turn-pho ;

Ke-tsa bom-pu;i ^jing-pa-sbom-po.

Cheese u.t., Chhu-wo; l.t., Chu-u;

Chhu-u ; I Chhur-ra.

Chest (of body) u.t., Byang-gok; l.t., Byong; •

Byang-gok; Pyang-gok;

9^*11 Brang-gog.

Chicken Bi-chung; Bi-chhung; Pi-chhung;

99*1 1 Bya-phrug.

Chief Go-po; Go-pon; Go-po; 1 .Ago-pa.Chief (headman

o f village)Kong-du; Kyo-rni; ^ ’3^1 Gong-thus;

rgan-po.Child Bo-tso; O-nges;

Bya-bu;Bo-tso ; O-nges; Bya-bu;

| ’3 1 1 5’ I Phrug-gu ;P u-gu; Bu-tsha.

Chili u.t., Kha-tsha; l .t., Ye-mag;

A -kar; I Sel-pan.

Chilly u.t.. Gyang-go; l .t., Gyong-bo;

Gyang-bo;Khya-po;

5 ^ 1 Grang-mo.

Chin O-ku; O-ku; BWgj Os-ma; Os-sku.Choose, to Dam-bo; Dam-bo; Se-bo; A dam -pa.Chop, to, up Zam-bo ; Tub-po; Zam-bo; Tub-po;

Tsab-po;Etsab-pa.

Chop, to, down Ched-po; Ched-po; Gchod-pa,Churn Su-dung; Ja-dung; Su-dung; ^ ^ ’351 J/dong-mc.Churn (for tea) Su-dung; Ja-dung; *’*f*5’ | Ja-mdong.Circle Go go ; Khor-lu ; Kor-kor; ^ 1 sfcl Kor; Skor:

.Akhor-lo.

E 10 1English. Tromoica. | Sikkimese. I Tibetan.

Clean (to icash) Khyu; Khyu-wo ; ^0 '9 1 ^khru-wa.Clear Se-po; Se-bo; *|Wq | 1 Gsal-po;

D wangs.Clever Jon-trak; Chang-

tra k ;Jhon-trak; Chan g-

t ia k ;| *|wq | ©chang-pa ;

J/khas-pa.Climb, to Dze k o ; Dzek-ko; 1 ^o |q | Ejig-pa; J jeg -

pa.Cloak G o; Go-lag; G o; Go-lag ; § 3 1 Chhu-pa.Close (near) Tha-nyim-pa;

Nyi-tag ;Tha-nyim-pu; Nyi-

tag ; N yim -pu;| Thag-nye-po.

Cloth Ra ; Ee; 1 Eas.Clothe, to Gon-bo ; G on-bo; 3^’q 1 q 1 Gyon-pa ; Gon-

c pa‘Cloud P in ; Tin-po; P in ; ?Kq 1 Sprin-pa.Cock Bya-po; Pya-pu; Pya-pu; Bya-pu; 3’ f Bya-po.Cold u.t., Gyang-go;

l.t., Gyong-bo;Gyang-bo; Khya- : po;

2 P I Grang-mo.

Cold (noun) Lho-cham; Lo-cham; «$rq f Chham-pa.Comb, Kya-she; So-mo; So-ma; Eya-she, 1 Skra-^shad.Come, to u.t., Ong-go;

l.t., Ong-bo;Ong-bo ; Lheb-po; * ^ 1 Sjqsrqf Yong-

wa ; Ong-wa; Slebs-pa.Commencement Hon-hon-le;

H on-le;Nga-m a; Ngon-mo;

D ang-pu;W * I Thog-ma.

Companion Eo-o; Eo-o; Cha-ro; 3’* I Zla-wo; Grogs-po.

Complain, to v.T., Shu-o ; Shu-jo ; Gong-kos;

l.t., Shu-wo;Chhang-ke-kyab-po;

Chhang-ke kyab-po; Shu-ke bya-wo;

f Zhu-thug-byed-pa.

Complete u .t., Myong-ko; l.t., Myong-po ;

Myong-po; A q | I Tshar-wa;Edzogs-pa.

Comrade u.t ., To-tshang;Dok-ku;

l.t., Eo-o; D.ok-ku ;

To-tshang; Cha-ro; Dok-pu;

I Grogs-po.

Concerning Don-dado; Don-da-lo; E or-lo ; I Skor-la.Conclude, to Myo-po; Myo-po; I Tshar-wa.Confess No-wo ngo-len; Ngo-leu; Ngo-wo

ngo-len;X$r«i<yq | Ngos-lan-pa.*Wq | J/thol-wa.

Consider, to Nho- sam tang-bo; Nho-sam tang-bo; q ^ ’ -q^q-q f Esam -bW tang- wa.

1 Gros-byedpa.Consult, to Gyo kyab-po; Gyo kyab 'po;

C 11 3

English. Tromowa. Sikhimesr. | Tibetan,

Continually A -tang ; A -tang; 1 5*1’ I Rgy un-du ;Rtag-par.

Conversation L o ; L o ; Gyo ; SuDg do; ^ ’*1 Skad-okka;. :6r8ung-gros.

Cook Tkap-yog; Tbap-yog; Macke n ;

1 Ma-chken.

Cook, to Tso-po; Tso-o; Tso-wo; Tfc6-po; | Jtshod-pa.Coolie TT-lag; Do po ; Do-po; , Dos-po-akkyer-

mkkan.Count, to Kyang-kka kyab-

po;Kyang-kka kyab-

po;| Grangs-kha-rtse-wa.

Courage Domyi bom-pu; Do-nyi bom-pu; g | Blo-kkog-chhen-po.Cover, to Sup-po; Kkap-cke-

kyab p o ;Sup-po; Kkap cke- kyab-po; Kab-po;

j | Bkab-pa ;^gebs-pa.

Cover [noun) Kkap-cko 1; Kkap-ckod ; I 1 Kkabs; Aha-</chod.

Crack (crmctf) u.t., Se-go; l.t., Se-ga;

Se-ga ; | Ser-ga; Ser-ka.

Crazy Chhog-chho-o ; Ckkog-lang;

Ckhog-okko-wo;Nyo-nyo-wo; Ckkog-lang;

I?Yq l Smyon-pa.

Cream Pi-kha; Pi-kha; O-pi; 1 | Spri-ma ; O-spri.:Crimson Mha-po; Mka-po; M ap; | Dmar-po.Crooked Yo-yu; Kyog-ku; Yo-yu; Kyog-ku; I3«1’3 1 Kbyog-po , Kyog-

kyog.Cross, to Ge-o; Ge-wo; Ge-bo; 1 Rgal-wa.Crow u .t., Op-lag;

l.t., O -lag;O -lag; (j’5l Kkwa-ta; O-rog.

Cruel Dig-chhe me£/-po; Dig-ckhe med-po ; | Ny ing-r j e-med-pa.Curtain Yol-la; Yol-lo; isfa’q i Yol-wa.

Cut, to

D

Cbe-po; Tog-ko; Cked-po; T'og-ko; l 6rchod-wa. i

j

Dagger Gar-sog; Ckken-gyi;

Ckhen-gyi; Gar- sog;

gj i trwgj1 G ri; Am-gri.

Damp u.t., Lon-pu; l .t., Jen-po;

Jem -pu; 1 Elon-po.

Danger Nyen-kba; Nyen- chben;

Nyen-kka; Nyen ; fa 1 Nyen.

Dangerous (in sickness).

Tsbab-cbben-pu; Do-dog; To-dag;

Tskab chken-po; •aSaj-q | Nyen-ckken-po.

[ 12 ]

English. Tromowa. Sikkimese. Tibet <in.

Dark u.t., Nag-dong; l .t., Nag suk;

N ag-ku; Nag-suk;

q | | Mun-pa-nag-po; Mun-nag.

Daub, to u.t. Tang-go; l.t. Phyug-ko;

Tong-bo ;

Tang-bo; Phyug- ko;

I Skus-pa.

Daughter Bum; B um ; Bu-m o; S’*l 5|*v35i Bu-mo; Sres-rao.Day after to

morrow.Nong; N ang-tshi; Nangs; Nangs-

nyin.Day before yes

terday.Kha-nub; Kha-nup or Kha-

nub;1 Khai-nyi-ma.

Day {three days She-nub; She-nub; l Crzhes.ahead)

Day (three days She; She; She-tshi; 1 6rzhes-nyin.after)

Deaf On-to; On-to; On-tog; 1 On-pa.Death Shi-u; Shi-u; Shi-bo; ■?|q I | Shi-wa; Achhi-

wa.S’qjSyq | Ske-^chog-pa.Decapitate, to Ke-tog-ko; Ke-tog-ko; Ke-

chod-po; Ke-chod-po;

Decay, to Rii-bo; Rii-u; Rii-po; Rii-wo; I liul-pa.Deceased The-khen; The-khen; Shi-

khen;Tshe-adas-

mkban; Dam-pa.Deceit Yho; Go-ko-o; Yho; Yho-gyu;

Go-ko-bo;<7yo-sgyu;

J/go-skor.Deceive, to Yho-kyab-po;

Go-ko-bo ;Yho-kyabrpo ; Go-

kor-bo;I g p | J/go-skor-

6tang-wa; Slu-wa.Decide Thag-chhod-po;

Myong-po;Thag-ohhod-po;

Myong-po;aqi’qjtyq | Thag-^chod-pa.

Declivity Thu-ku; T h u ; Thu-ku ; 3* I Thur.Deep Ting-ring;

Ting-ring-ku;T ing-ring; Ting-ring-ku;

Ting ring-po;

1 6? ting-ring-po;

Depart, to Gyu-o ; Thon-bo; Pheb-po ;

Gyu-o; Thon-bo; Pheb-po ;

A%yq 1 i Jg ro wa;-4thon-pa; Pheb-pa.

Desert, to Pang-po; Tang-bo ; Pang-po; Tang bo; I f c | Sbong-pa.Design (inten Len-log; Len-log; 5*1’ i Log-lta.

tion)Despatch, to U.T., Tang-go;

l .t., Tong-bo ;Tang-bo; 1 Gtong-wa.

Determine, to Tha-chod-po ; M yong-po;

Thak-chod-po; Myong-po;

qqpqpfyq i Thag-^chod-pa.

t 13 ]

English. Tromoiva. Sikhimese. Tibetan.

Dew Zi-po; Zi-chhu; Si-po ; Zi-po; Si- chhu; Zi-chhu;

1 Zil-pa.

Diarrhoea u.t., Pho-ua-ti-dim- bo;

l.t., Supa she-bo;

Sup-she-bo; ^ 5 ^ 5 1 0shad-nad.

Differ, to Le-nye; Khe-bar; Le-nye; K he-bar; Man-da-o ;

1 1 Me-adra*wa; Khyad-yod-pa.

Different Ma-chi-ko;Man-da-o ;

Ma-chi-ko; . Ma-chik-po; Man-da-o ;

| i Mi-6/chig-pa;So-so.

Difficult u.t., Ka-le-tsha-o;

l .t., Gag-tak; Ka- le-tsha-tak;

G ag-tak; Khag-tak;

pqj’q | i Khag-poDka-las-khag-po.

Dimension Bom-chhung; Bom-chhung; | Chhe-chhung.Dinner (evening Phi-ru-to; Phi-ru-sa- Phi-ru-to; Phi-ru- , Dgong-moi-kha-

meal) mo; Phi-ru-sa-o; zam; Phi-ru-se- lag.

Dirt (of cloths and body)

D e-ka; Te-ka ;wu ,

De-ka ; Te-kag ; Spprq | q&pq , Grags-pa; -Btsog-pa.

Dirty Ma-tsang-bo; Teog-tag;

Ma-tsang-bo ; Tsog-tag ;

| q&qq | Mi-^tsang- wa; 2?tsog-pa.

Disbelieve Yik-ma chhe-po; Den-di ma-ri-wo;

Yik-ma chhe-po; Den-di ma-ri-bo;

| Yid-mi-chhas-pa.

Discuss, to Gyo-kyab-po ;Ka-mo nang-bo;

Gyo-kyab-po;Kyo-kyab-po; Ka- mo-nang-bo;

Gros-byed-pa; 2?ka«mol ^nang-wa.

Disdain Mhe-do; M e-to; Mhe-do; Jod-po ;

1 Smad-pa.

Disgrace Nga-tsha ;Shab-den; Shen-sho-bo;

Ngo-tsha ;Sham-den; Shen-sho-o;

1 ^q<r<^ | Ngo-tshe;Zhabs adren.

Dish (wood) De-mo; Shing-de; 1 Shing-sde.Dish Le-de; So-de; Le-de; T h a-li;

So-de;| Sder-ma.

Dislike, to u.t., Ma-ga-wo; l.t ., Mang-go-wo;

Mang-ga-wo; | Mi-</ga-wa.

Dismiss, to Gong-po pyim-bo; Gong-po pyim-bo; Ka-ma-tsi-bo;

S ^ ’q’ ’q i Dgong-pa-ster-wa.

Dispute Tsod-leng; Thab- tsod ;

Thab-tsod; T ham ; f S’q 1 i Tsod-pa ;athab-pa.

Dispute Kham-chhu; Kham-chhu; | Lab-gzhi.Distress Sem-pham;

Lho-phain;Sem-pham;

Lho-pham;| Sems-pham.

[ 14 ]


Distribute, to u.t., Go-shi kyab- po;

l.t., Gob-sha kyab- po; Go-o;

Gob-shak kyab-po; Go-wo;

| Rgw’d | 5god-pa<zbrim-pa.

Disturbance Za-ngi Z i-ngi;A-ri u - r i ; T ham ;

i

Zang-zing; or Sang-sing; A-ri u- r i ; Tham ;

3^-^^ | Zang-zing; (col.1 l)

Divers Lo-shi; So-so; So-so; I So-so.Divide, to Gob-shak; Go-wo;

Go; Ye-phi-u;Go-wo; Gob shak=

Kyab-po; Ye-phi- b o ;

1 i 5 t’*’ ’S’*^god-pa; Bsko-wa; dbye-wa, phye-wa.

Do, to Bya; Bya-u;

Dzed-po; Nang-bo;

Bya; Bya-wo;

Dzed-po; Nang-bo;

§51 * ^ 1 Byadpa;-3/dzod-pa; 6nang-wa.

Dog R i-khyi; Dom-bu; Dom-khyi;

Dom-bu; Dom-khyi; 13 1 Khyi {dog) dom {bear).

Dove u.t ., Phu-den; l .t., Phu-don;

Phu-don; Phug-don; ^ ’3 1 1 TJng-ga ;Phugron.

Down u.t., Bos; l.t., M o-u;

Mo-u; O -te; W | Mar.

Down yonder u.t., Bo-di; l.t., Mo-kho-di;

M i-di; Mo-kho-di; i Ma-gi.

Down-bill Thu-ku; Thu-ku ; 1 Thur.Down there M o-u; M o-u; Mo-gi; *’$! Ma-ru.Drain on roof u.t ., Ti-tsak;

l.t ,, Ti-za ;T i-za; **1’$ 1 Og-chhu.

Drain on the Ohhu-yu; Chhu-yu; | <J}' | yur-po; yu-ra.ground.

1 1 gos; dor-ma.Drawers {garment)

Do-mo; Do-mo; Dor-mo; Dom ;

Drip, to Dza-ko; Dzag-ko; Thik-dzag-ko;

^*1*1 ^ - q ^ q | 'q j ^dzag-pa;thigs-pa adzag-pa.

Drive, to chase Da-wo; Da-wo; Da-bo; | Ded-pa;Drop {of water) Ti-po; T hig ; q qj’q 1 3qj*rq| 2?tig-pa; tbigs-

pa.Drum {a hand Nga-chung; Nga-chung; Da-ma-ru.

drum)Dumb She-po; Shem-po; Shem-po; | Skugs-pa.Dung {yak) Ju-ga; Ju-ga; | ’*l Lchi-wa.

„ {horse) Te-bang; Te-bang; g ^ ’l l Shang-lchi.„ {sheep,

goat, deer)R um ak; Ru-mak; Ra-kyag;

Lug-kyag;I Ril-ma.

C 15 ]


Dusk u.t., Ngon-po nag- Ngon-po nag-ko; 1 Sa-hrib.ko;

l .t., Nam-so-po;Nam-so-po;

Dust The-o; The-o ; Thal-la; Rdul.Duty, tax K he; Khe; 0*11 Khral.Dwarf Gum -thung;

Ti-pu;Gum-thung; | Te-po.

EEach G e-ta; R e-re;

Chi-ku;Ge-ta; Re-re; I 1 R e; Re-re.

Kyang-ku; Chik- k u ;

Ear Nham-chog; Nam-chog; 1 1 N a; Na-chhog.N hen; or Nyen ; N yen;

Early Hang-ru ; To-le; H ang-ru; To-le; g’sj | g'<^ | Snga»po; Snga-nas.

Earthquake Sang-gu; Sa-yo; Sang-gu; Sa-yo; *<1** 1 * 1 Sa-^yo; Sa-^yom.

Earthenware Dza-mo; Dzam; Dza-mo; Dzam ; gr* i gr'pfoj i (coi. qRdzam; Rdza-khog (col. Khog-ma).

Easily Le-jam -tag; Le-jam-tag; W ’ST5 | Las-sla-po.Le-jam-pu;

Echo Pyak-cha; Bak-chha; 0T* 1 Brag-chha.Pak-chha;

Edible Za-tub-po; Za-tub-po; 1 Za-rung-wa.

Egg Gong-do; Gong-do; Gong- dok;

1 Sgo-nga.

„ (to lay eggs) Gong-do kyi-bo; Gong-do kyi-bo; Gong-do kyi-wo;

| Sgo-nga-Mang-wa.

5’S | 3)’ | Gru-mo; gre-tog.Elbow K i-ling; K i-ling;Elect, to Dam-kha; Dam-kha; i ^dam-pa.

Dam-bo ; Dam-bo;Employ, to Ku-bo ; Ku-bo; Tsug-ku; I Spyod-pa.

Encounter, to Phe-po; Phe-po; Thug-ko; | 1 Thug-pa ;^tphrad-pa.

End Zu; Z u ; Sha; sm i J/tha.

End, to Myong-po; Myong-po; 1 | Tshar-wa;Rdzogs-pa.

Enormous Bom-den; Bom-thag-chhod; | Ohhe-thag-ohhod.

E 16 3English. Tromowa. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

Enough, to be " tt.t., Ong-ko; Lang- Ong-bo; Langpo; ifc’q | | j Yong-wa;po; Dik-ko; Chhog-pa; ldang-wa.

Enter, to

l.t., Long-po; Ong- bo;

Dzu-bo; Dzu-bo; 1 1 -4 jug-pazldzug-pa.

Entice, to Khab-lhu-kyab-po; Lhn-bo ; Slu-wa.Lhu-wo ; Khab-lhu kyab-po;

Envious )Envy j Tha-dok; Thum-se; Tha-dok; Thum-se; 5!’Vl 1 Phra-dog.

Err, to )Error , Dzo-bo; Dzo-bo; No-bo; ! Nor-wa.

Escape, to Byo-po; Tha-wo; Byo-po; Pyo-po ; i i ^lbros-pa;Sho-bo, Tha-bo; Shor-wa.

Especially In-chi men-chi; In-chi men-chi; | Lhag-par-du.

Evening Phi-tsham ; Phi-tsham ; | Dgong-mo.Phi-kha;

Everybody Mi-ga-yod; Mi- M i-ga-yod; Mi- I 1 Mi-gang-tham-che; tham-che; g a ; Mi-thams ched.

Every kind u .t., Pe-ri ma-chi- k o ;

Pe-ri ma-chi-ko ; | Sna-tshog (Ma-^ohig-pa).

l .t., Nha-tsho ; Nha-tsho ma-ehi-ko ;

Everywhere Gra-na-sa; Gra-kha-lo ; qpsrqfGi | Gra-sa-ga-la.Evil Ngen-po; Ngen-po ;

Kyo-kyo-wo;i Ngan-pa.

o■o1o&

% 5 l Shin-tu;Exceedingly Nyo-ki; Nyo-ki; or Nyog-k i; J/chhog-tu.

Excellent Kyi-chen; Kyi-chen; | Yag-thag-chhod.Le-thag-chhod; Le-thag chhod;

S^qj Ma-^togs;Except Men-che; Men-che;Min-pa.

Exhausted, to be> u .t., Thang-chhe-po; Thang-chhe-po'; qc/fcyq | Thang-chhad-pa.U-du-po;

l.t., Thong-chhe-U-du-po;

po; U-du-po;Expect, to Ki-u-bya-o ; Eewa bya-wo; 1 re-wa-byed-pa.

ExpensiveRi-chhi ke-ko; Kon-bo; Pham-po;

Pi-chi-bya-wo; Kon-bo ; K on-tag; 1 1 Dkon-po ;

K on-tag; Grus-po.

L 17 3

English. Tromowa. Sikhimese, Tibetan.

pFair, beautiful Ge-thag; Chong-

tag ;Chang-tag;Dze-ta;

| J/dzes-po.

Fall, to u.t., Pu-wo; Lhum- b o ;

l .t., Pu-u; Lhum- bo;

Pu-bo; Bu-bo.; Lhum-bo;

I Lhung-wa.

False u.t., A n g ; l.t., O ng;

Ang; 1 Rdzun.

Fan Lung-heb; Lung-heb; | Rlung-t/yab;^ y a b

Farther Pha-tsa ; Pha-tsa; I I Phar-tsas; Bar-tse.

Fast M a-lag; M a-lag; M a-la; sigqjsrq 1 J/gyogs-po.Fasten, to u.t., Dak-ko;

l.t., Ching-bo;Ching-bo; 1 l&rq | RX/iprq | ^4chhing-

wa ; sdom-pa, adogs pa.Fat Tshi-lu; Bo-gok; Tshi-lu; 1 Tshil.Fear, to u.t., Ji-po ; Gen-po;

l.t., Ju-po ; Do-po; Gen-po;

Ju -po ; Do-po; Gen-po;

I ^ ’q | XflSTq | ^jigS-pa; Shed-pa; dogs-pa.

FeebleFence

Bek-thok;u.t., R o h ; l.t., R a-u ;

Be-ku; Bye-ku;

R a-u ;

$5’ | Bgud-po.

| Ra-wa.Ferocious Thu-tak; Ngen-tag; Tshub-tak ;

Ngen-tag;1 Gnyan-pa.

Fight, to Dzing-bo ; Dzing-bo; 1 ^q*q 1 I ^khrug-^pa; Athab-pa ; «dzing-wa.

Fill, to u.t., Gang-go; l.t., Gong-bo;

Gang-bo; | qjq’q | Jgengs-pa;Gang-pa.

FingerFinish

Dzu-mu; u.t., Myong-ko; l.t., Myong-po;

Dzu-mu;

Myong-po;

| J/dzug-gu.

i Tshar-wa.Fire M i; Shu-mi; M i; Shug-mi; 1 Me; Rzbugs-me.Fire, to light Mi-sum-bo;

Mi-ba-bo;Mi-sun-bo;

Mi-ba-bo;| Me-sbar-wa.

F it Bab-po; O-po; Paw-bo;

Bap-po; Q-po;Pam-bo ;

| Xsrq , Bung-wa ; Os-pa.

Flee, to Byo-po; Byo-po; | ^bros-pa.Flexible Jam -tag ; Jam -po; Jam -tag ; Jam-po ; A jam-po.Fling K ya-po; Ko-bo; Ko-o-bo; Kyab-po; Dbyug-pa; Rgyab-

pa.

C i s 3

English. Tromoiva. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

Fluid Khu-wak; Khak; I Khu-wa.Fly u.t., Bya-m o; B yam ; Bya-m o; | gc/g | Sbrang- ma ?

l .t., Byo-mo; Sbrang-bu.Fog u.t., M hungko;

Ba-mug;l .t., H ung-po;

H ung-po; | Rmugs-pa.

Follow, to D a-u ; Da-wo; 1 ^dbrang-wa.Foolish Shem-po; Ri-ko me* Shem-po; Ri-ko me- 1 1 Glen-pa ; Lkugs-

po; po; pa.Foreigner {Eng- u.t., Phi-ling-ko; Phi-ling-bo; | Phyi-gling-pa.

lishman) l.t., Phi-ling-bo;Forest Na-tseng; Nang-tse, 1 | | Nags ;

Shin-na; N ang-tseng; Shing-nags; Nags*tshal.Forget, to Je-po; Deng-ma- Je-po; Jep-po; R jed-pa;

zin-bo; Don-ma-zing-bo; Dr an mi-^so-wa.Formerly u.t ., Dang-ku;

l .t ., D ong-pu;Dang-pu; 1 1 Sngar ; Sngon-la.

Forward Hon-le; Ngon-le; Hon-le; Ngon-le; ifY** ! <?dong-la;Sngon-la.

Foundation Byam; Byam; ! ffzhi.Fowl Bya; Pya;

Domestic fow l— 1Khyim-ki-bya;Wild birds = Nang-

j>Bya; Pya ; SI S’? 1 B ya; Bya-te.

tse-bya; JFox u.t ., Am; A-mu;

l .t., Am;Am ; 1 Wa-mo.

Free, to • u.t., Tha-ye; l .t., Tha-wo;

Tha-bo; Tba-o; 1 Thar-wa.

Freeze, to u.t., Khek-ko; l.t ., Khe-ko;

Khek-ko; | .Jkhyags-pa.

Friend Do-ku; Do-ko; To-ko; | Grogs-po.Do-ku; To-ku;

Frighten, to u.t., Tog-ko; Ji- ten-bo;

Ju-ton-bo; i Skrag-pa.

l .t., Tog-ko; Ju- ten-bo;

Tog-ko; Ju-ton-bo;

Front Dun-kha; Dun-kha; l J/dun-du.Frost u.t ., Khek-ko ;

l .t., Khe-ko;Khek-ko • | Khags-pa.

Furrow R o ; K o ; | | R o l; Sul.

C 19 3

English. Tromcwa. Sikhimese. Tibetan.

GGallop, to Sham-be; Sham-be I Rgyag-pa.

GapGyuk-ko;

Se-ga;Gyug-ko;

Se-ka; Se-ga; ^'*1 1 Ser-ga.Generally Phe-chhi; A -tang; j | Pal-chher ; Dus-

GenerousA -tang;

Ba-gi sha-gi; Ba-ga-sha-ga;rgyun.

| Sbag-ge sha-ge.

GentleHa-ri ho-ri;

Ten-po; Lho-po; Ten-po; Lho-po; ’ ^ '3 1 Ching-buGimlet So-o; So-o; 1 Sor.Give Byim-bo; or Byim-bo; or q f Ster-wa ; Spyin-pa.

Go, toPyim-bo;

G yu-u ; Jon-bo;Pyim -bo;

Gyu-u; Jon-bo ; 1 1 -4gro-wo; Phyin-

Good Le-m u; Lem ; Kyi- Le-m u; Le-mo;pa.

, Yag-pO ;chen; L em ; Legs-pa; /?zang-po.

Grain D u ; D u ; *31 ^dbru.xaGrain {parched) Bya-su ; Bya-su; | ^dbras-sus.Grain {fried) Sen-yo; Bya-ngo-o; Sen-yo; * 9 ^ 5 1 J.bras-rngod.Grandson Tsha-u; Tsha- Tsho-u; Tsha- I Tsha-po.

Granddaughterphyuk;

Tsham ; Tsba-mu;phyuk;

Tsham ; Tsha-mu; I Tsha-mo,Grandfather A-jo-o; A -jo-o; 3 1 Po.Grandmother u .t., A-m o; A -nyo; i Mo.

Grant, tol.t., A -na; A-nha ; Bim-bo; Pim-bo; Bim-bo; Pim-bo; f 1 §*i 1 Ster-wa; Spyin-

Great Bom-pu; Bom-pu;pa.

, Chhen-po (ipw f sbom-

Grow, to K i-u ; Ki-bo; K i-u ;pa = thick, stout.)

1 Skye-wa.Guest Gon-pu; Gon-pu; | J/gron-po.Guide, to Khyi-ko; Lam-ton- Khyik-ko; 1 -4khrid-pa.

bo ; Lam-ton-bo;

C 20 3


HHail u.t., So; S e ; Se-wo ; Se-o; | Ser-wa.

H airl.t., Se-wo ;K ya; K ya; SJ 1 Skra.

Half P hed ; Phe-ka; Phed; Phe-ka; SSI 1 Phyed; Phyed-ka.Hand La-ko; Chhag; L a-ko; Chhag; §5|| Lag-pa; Phyag.Handkerchief To-ra; To-re; To-ra; To-re; 1 (col. wT |) Lag-aphyi.

Handsome G e-thag; Yi-ga- Ge-tag ; Chang-bo;(col. A-cho.)

Mdzes-po.

Hang, toong-ta;

u.t., Pyaug-go ;Chang-tag;

Pyang-bo; | Skyon-pa.

Happyl.t., Pyong-bo; K i-pn; K i-po; K i-pn; K i-po; | | Skyid-po ; Rde-

HareHim-po; Dim-pu; Ri-gong;

Dim -pu; Dim -po; R i-gong;

po.| Ri-bong; Yos.

Haste Bye-o; Be-o ; Pe-o; Bye-o; To make haste = By e- wo-kyab-po ;

Yd-chum;

Brel-wa. To make haste.

Hawk

Be-o; Pe-o ;To make haste= Bye-

wo-kyah-po; Yd-chum;

= I J/gyogs-po-byed-pa.

0! Khra.H eart Do-nyi; Do-nyi; I Snying.Heat Tshe-po ; Tshe-po; 1 Tsba-wa.Heavy Chi-tak; Chi-tak; I | Lehi-po; Gi-po.Height

Hen

Thom-po;Thom-pu; Tho-me;

B yam ; Bya-mu;

Thom-pu;Thom-po; Tho-me;

Byam; Bya-mu;1 J/tho-r/man.

& 1 1 B ya; Bya-mo.Hence Di-le-pha ; Di-le-pha; 1 -4di-nas.Herdsman Byo-ko; Nha-zi; Dok-ko; Abrcg-pa.Here N a; Tshu; Di-kha ; N a; Tshu ; B’S 1 1 |Hide {skin) Kom -pu; Kom-pu; ’fj’S 1 l Ko-wa; Lpags-pa

Hire, toPa-ko;

u.t., L o-o ;Pa-ko ;

L a -u ; I Gla-wa.

H it, tol .t., La-u;Kyab-ho ; Kya-bo ; Kya-bo; Kyap-po; «|8’$ | <rzhu-wa; Rgyab-

Hog Pha-ko; Pha-ko; Phag-ko;pa.

snip | Phag-pa.Hold, to She-wo; Znng-bo She-bo; Zung-bo; 1 Adzin-pa.Hole Bu-ga; Bu-ga; B u-ba; | ^ ’ | 9’*!’ 1 Khung ; bu-ga.Honey Byang ; B yang; 1 Sbrang-rtse.Horn Ro-jo ; Ro-jo ; Ra ; Rwa-cho; Rwa.Host Jf. N ha-pu; M. Nhe-pu; Jf. q j^ 'q , F.

F. Nha-mu; F. Nhe-mu;

E 21 ]

English, Tromowa, Sikkimese, Tibetan,

How G a-te; Gam-mo; G a-te; Gam-mo ; I Gang-rtdra.However Yin-rung ; Y in-rung; , Yin-na-yang.Hunt, to Sha-da-o Sha-da-o;

Sha-da-bo;0’*’gq'q| Khyi-ra; Rgyab-pa.

Hunter Sha-rab-bo; Sha-da-khen;

Sha-rab-bo; Sha-da-khen;

0 ’*’q 1 Khyi-ra-pa.

Hurricane Lung-chha; Lhung-chha;

Lung-chha; | Chhar-rlung.

Hurry, to Be-o kyab-po ; or Pe-o kyab-po;

Be-o kyab-po; or Pe-o kyab-po;

wjqprergyq i J/grogs-pobyed-pa.

Husband Pho-gya; Pho-gya; 1 Khyo-ka.

IIce K he; Khek; Khe-

da;K h e ; K hek; (gqj^q i Khyags-pa.

If Ge-si; N e; Ge-si; N e ; l N a; Gal-srid.Immense Bom-thag-chhod;

Bom-pu;Bom-thag-chhod;

Bom-pu;| & | Chhen-po ;

Chhe-th ag-chhod.In N ang; Nang-sha; N ang ; Nang-sha; | ( Nang ; Nang-la.Inch So-o; So-o; 1 SorIncorrect u.t., Mi-da-ko;

l .t., Ma-dag-ko;Man-da-ko; Ma-da- ko; Min-da-ko;

q | Ma-dag-pa.

Increase, to Pha-po; Phar-po; Pha-po; Phar-po; w q | -Jphar-pa.Indefatigable Nge-she med-po;

U-du-she-med-po;Nge-she med-po; U-du-she med-po;

| Ngal-wa-med-pa.

Inferior (mquality)

Kyo-kyo-o;Kyo-wo;

Kyo-kyo-o; Kyo- wo ;

I Sdug-pa.

Injure, to Nhod-po; Nhod-po ke-wo;

Nhod-po; Nhod-po ke-wo;

^ 1 Snod-pa;tfnor-wa-byed-pa.

Insane Chho-chha-u; Chho-lang;

Chho-chha-u; Ohho-lang;

1 Smyon-pa.

Insert, to Nang-sha chu-ko;Nang-sha-tsu-ko; Nang-sha de-ko;

Nang-sha chu-ko;Nang-sha tsu-ko; Nang-sha de-ko;

q 1 Ajug-pa.q q | Nang-la; adzug-pa.

Inside Nang-sha; Nang J o ; Nang-sha; Nang- lo •

| i Nang; Nang-la,

Insult K ha-ngan; Kha- phog;

K ha-ngan; Kha- phog;

*PPPl 1 8V* 1 <?she-yshe;Smad-ra.

Itch, to Yha-u; Y ha-u; *q | Za-wa; J bun-pa.

[ 22 ]

English, Tromowa. Sikkimese, Tibetan.

JJackal G-ya-Amu; A m u; 0 'F ' 1 Khyi-spyang.Join, to Bam-bo; Ja-bo ;

Bya-wo;Bam-bo; Ja-bo;

Bya-bo;l Sbrel-wa.

Just now D a-to; D ato ; 5'? 1 Da-lta.Just so u.t., De-ra-be;

De-ra-yin;l.t., De-ra-yin;

De-ra-be; Di-rayin-be; De-ra-yin;

l Da-ga-red.

KKeep, to (♦>., to

take care of)u.t., Da-ku bya w o;

Nya-tsa bya w o; l.t., Nyer-bya w o;

Nyer-bya w o; 9 ,£> l Nyang-wa.

Kick u.t., D ok-tbu; l.t., Dok-thum;

Dok-thum; ^ 1 Rdog-tho;Rdong-rgyab.

Kind {sort) D ang; D e;

Nha-tshang’;

D ang; D e;

Nha-tshang; Nha- tshog ;

91” 1 1 If 1 1 Gras ;R igs; Sna; Sna-obhogs.

Kiss, to u.t., Kba-ke-bo; l .t., Kha-ke-bo; U -bya-o;

Kha-ke-bo;

U-bya-o;

P'l*1'1’ 1 Kha-skyel-wa.

Kitten A-lii phi-guk; A-lii-phi-guk; ^” ’3’I l Zhim-phrug.Knife Gyi; G yi; 911 Qri.

LLaborious Kale kha-ta;

Kale tsha-ta;Kale kha-ta ; orKa-le k he ta ;Kha-le tsha-ta;

q I Dka-las-khag-po.

Labour Yhog; Yhog; Yog; | Las-ka (cf. Oyog-^Q = servant).

Labour, to Yhog bya-wo; Yhog bya-wo; W T lV l Las-ka-byed-pa.Ladder u.t., K ya-ko;

l.t., Kya-kha;Kya-kha; 51V1 (col. uMl) Skas-

dza; Skrad-pa (col. Skan- dza).

/

C 23 ]


Lamp, a u.t., Shu-ma; l .t., Shu-ma; Ong- g u ;

Shu-ma; Ba-zi; 9’W l Zhu-inar.

Large Bom-pu ; Bom-pu ; ^ ’51 Chhen-po.Last Jug ju-lo; Jug ju-lo; | #zhug-£zhug-la.Last evening Dang-phi-ru ; Dang-phi-ru; 1 J/dang -dgongLast year N a-nyi; Na-nyi ; Na-ning.Late Phi-po; Phi-po; B 1 Phyi-po.Laugh Go-o; Ge-mu; Ga-u; I Gad-mo.Laugh, to Ge-mu go-o;

Ge-mu-kyab-po;Gau ; Gog-do g au ; | Gad-mo gad-pa.

Lead, to Khyi-ko;Khyig-ko;

Khyi-ko;Khyig-ko;

^05’ 1 -4khrid-pa.

Leather Kom-pu; Kom-pu; I Ko-wa.Lend, to Nya-wo; K i-w o;

To lend money= Bo-lon-len-bo;

Nya-wo; Ki-wo; To lend money = Bo-lon-len-bo;

< 1 ^ 1 Gyar-wa; Skyi-wa. To lend money = 9

| Bu-lon-^yar-wa.Liar Ang-khen;

Ang-kyab-khen;Ang-khen ; Ang-kyab-khen;

l Rdzun-mkhan.>»

Lid (cover) K ha-lep;Pho-chos;

Kha-lep;Khap-che;

1 Kha^chod.

Lift, to Ya-thu-o; Ya-thu-o;Ya-thu-bo;

1 | Yar-0gyogs-pa; -4thogs-pa.

Like {similar) u.t ., Do-wo; Chi- ko ;

l .t., Da-o ; Chi-ko ;

Da-wo; Chi-ko; i . i -4dra-wa ;6?chig-pa.

Likely Y in-gyu; Yin-gyu; Yin-to; i Yin-«gro.Linen B a ; R e ; 1 Ras.Little Ohhung-chhung;

N yung-nyung; A-tsim ; Shu-chi;

Chhung-chhung; Nyung-nyung; A-tsim; Shu-chi;

1 W 1 Chhung-chhung ; Nyung-nyung; Tog- tso.

Long Ring-ku; Ring-ku; 1 Ring-po.Lot, much Nyo-ki; Nyo-ki; 1 Mang-po,

Love, to Jam-pu bya-wo; Nyi-ta bya-wo;

Jam-pu bya-wo; Nyi-ta bya-wo;

SwSrgyq | Byams-po-byed-pa.

Lovely u.t., Ge-thag; Le- po;

l.t., Ge-thag;

Chang-bo;

Chang chhi-chhi;

Jfdzes-po.

Lunatic Chho-chha-u; Chho-lang;

Chho-chha-u; Chho-lang;

i Smyon-pa.

C 24 ]

English. Tromouw. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

MMad Chho-chha u ;

Chho-lang;Ken-tnshog;

Chho-chha-u; | Smyon-pa.

MaizeChho-lang;

Ken tshong; Is not a central Tibetan crop.Manifest Se-tag; Se-tag; flpwn i Gsal-po.Many u.t., Y o-lang; Nyo-ki; Yo-lang; W’5 i Mang-po.

March, to

M ang-ku; l .t., Nyo-ki;Yo-lang; M ong-pu;

Gyu-o;

lVl ang-pu;

Gyu-o; Gyu-bo; 1 Jgro-wa.Meet, to Phe-po; Phe-po; Pheb-po; 1 3 ^ 1 Jphrad-pa;

Middle B u ; B u-na; B u ; B u -na ;

Thug-pa.

Mince, to Dzam-bo ; Tsap-po;

Dbus; Bar ; dkyil; gung;

q A’M | Etsab-pa.

Mingle, toTub-po;

Bam-bo; La-si-o;Tub-po;

Bam -bo; ^ '3 I JLdre-wa.

Mist u.t., Mhung-po ;La-si-wo;

Hung-po ; M ug-ko; 1 Emugs-pa.

Mistake, tol.t., Hung-po ; Dzos-o; N o-o; Dzos-bo; No-bo; | qgq’q | Nor-wa; -4khul-

Mix Bam-bo; La-si-o; Bam-bo ;wa.

1 .Jdre-wa.

Moist Lon-po;La-si-wo;

Lon-pu; SpV'J l Elon-pa.

MonkeyJen-po;

P i-u ;J en-pu;

Pi-u ; §9 1 Sbreu.Morning N gha-ru; N gha-ru; To-le; gT 1 1 Snga-dro; Zhogs.Morrow Tho-rang; Tho-rang; | , Sang; Sang-

Mother u.t., A y i; Am ; A-mo;nyin.

w* | si i J.-ma ; Ma.

Mousel.t., Am; A-mo ; B i-tsi; B i-ts i; 1 B’*l Etsi-rtsi; Byi-wa.

Moustache Gyo-rok; Gya-rok; K ha-pu; P’g i Kha-spu.

Move, to Pa-bo; Pa-bo; Gyu-bo ; gar* i Sgul-wa.

Much H ap-le; H ap-le ; Jag -k i; sic/q | Mang po.

Mustard oil Pe-gang-nhum ; Pe-gang nhum ; | Pe-snum.

C 25 3


NNaked Gye-mu; Gye-mu;

M ha-rhang;| jfa’S ’ 1 Dmar-hrang-

wa; Sgren-mo.Nasty Kham-log-ke; Khamdog sing-sing | Skyag-bro-po.Naughty Ngen-po; T i-duk; Ngen-po; Ti-duk; | Ngan-pa.Near Nyim -pu;

Tha-nyim-pu; Bol-lo;

Nyim -pu; Tha-nyim-pu; Bol-lo;

| | , Nye-po ;Thag-nye-po; Rtsar.

New Sa-pu; Sa-pu; | 0sar-pa.New year Lo-sung;

Lo-sar;Lo-sung;

Lo-sar;| Lo-^sar.

Night Phi-ru; Nu-mu; P hi-ru ; Nu-mu; | | Nam ; J/tshan.Nose N ha; N h a ; N ha-guk; $ 1 Sna.Nostrils Nhe-buk; Nhe-buk; | Sna-khung.Not M in ; Me ;

M em ;M in ; M e;

Mem; Men;* 1 1 M a; M i; Med ;

Now D a-to; Da-to; Da; S’g 1 Si Da-lta; Da.Nowhere (with Ga-kha; Ga-kha; 1 *1$ 1 Ga-wa; Ga-ru.

negative}

oOccasion Gang d o ;

Tshi;Gang-lo;

Tshi;V*l U|W| Dus; Skabs.

Old u.t., Nyen-ko; l.t., N ye-po;

Nyeng-ku; 1*^1 Rnying-pa.

Onion O-tsong; O-tsong ; i JStsong.

Only’i

Tsang-teang; Tsang-tsang; 5*Hl Sha-stag; Gchig-pa.

Opulence Phyug-ku; Phyug-ku ; 1 Phyug-po.

Orphan Do-o; Do-ruk; Do-o; D o-ruk; 1 Dwa-phrug.

Over u.t., Y o ; l .t., Y o-u;

Y o-u; l Yar-ru.

Owl U g-ko; U g-ko; 1 Ug-pa,Owner D ag-ku; Dag-ku; I Z?dag-po.

[ 26 ]

English. Tromoica. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

pParsimonious Deb-shi; Deb-shi; Tep-shi; | Lag-pa-dam-po.

La-ko dam -ta; La-ko dam -tag;Part K e-o; Ke-o; | Skal-wa.Passenger Du-po; Du-po; 1 Abrul-pa.Peacock M ap-ja; M ap-ja; ft’Sl Rma-bya.Peg (wooden) Phu-po; Phu-po; 1 Phur.

Perhaps Chig-bya-ne; Chig-bya-ne; 1 1 Crohig-byed-Yin-po-da; Yin-po-da; n a ; Yin-Pa-^ldra.

Perspire Ngo-nag; N go-nag; ^5^1 Rngul-wa;Tshe-po-thon-bo; Rngul-nag-afchon-wa.

Pestle Tshom-phyug; Tshom-phyug; 1 Ya-rgyug.Petticoat Dom ; D om ; Do-mo; 1 Dor-ma.Physician A m -ji; A m -ji; 1 Em-chhe.

Picture D eb-ri; R i-m og; Deb-ri; Ri-mog ; ^ ’35 | Ri-mo.

Piece D um -tag; Do-dog; D um -tag; Dog-dog; | i Dum-po; Rdog-rdog.

Pig Phag-ko; Phag-ko ; 1 Phag-pa.

Pigeon Phu-don; Phu-don; 1 ^ ’3 l Phugron ;Ong-gu.

Pilgrim Ne-ko-bo; Ne-ko-bo ; i Gnas-skor-wa.

Pillow Ngha-bo ; N g h a ; Ngha-bo; gsi 1 | Snags; Sngas-abol.

Pinch, to Si-mu tab-po ; Si-mu tab-po; | Sin-thog-rgyab-pa.Sham-kyu kya-po; Sham-kyu kya-po; jqq 1

Plank A n-ta; E n -ta ; A n-ta; E n -ta ; I Spang-leb.

Plate D em ; Le-de; Le-de; De-ma; Sder-ma.Plentiful Bo-pu; Bo-tag ; B o-tag; | <4bol-po.Plough Kha-m ig; K ham ig; I Gshol.Ploughman Mhon-po ; Mhon-po; I Rmon-pa.Plunder Phyog-ko ; Phyog-ko; i -4phrog-pa.

Pockmark Bug-tshag; Bart- Bug-tshag; Bar- | «Jbar-tsag.shag; tshag ;

Pocket Nam-phe; Nam -phe; Am-phe;

w«’«w| | Am-pag.

Poor Mep-chen; Mep-chan; 53^’ -Dbul-po.Pi-yang-ka ; Pi-yang-ka ; | Nyams-chhung.

C 27 ]


Possible, to be Num-num ; Tshu-tshu ;

N u m ;Tshu; Numpo; Tshupo;

$ ^ 1 Nus-pa; Thub-pa.

Potato K i-u ; K i-u; •4*^1 Shogog.Prepare, to Da-di bya-wo ; Dadi bya-wo ; gprgjqj’g^'q i Phral-grig-byed-

pa.Pretty u.t ., Le-po; Ge-

tag ; Yi-ga ong-Chang chhi-chhi;

Be-la-lem; Lem ;i J/dzes-po.

bo;

Previousl .t., G e-tag; u.t,, Dang-ku; Hon- D ang-pu; H on-le; g* 1 g 1 gV** 1 Sngar; Sngon ;

Sngon-la. (V ^ ’l dang-po, “ first.”)

l e ; Ngon-le; l .t., Dong-pu; Hon- le ;

Ngon-le;

Pride Nyam ; Gen-thang N yam ; Gen-thang; 1 1 Gdam-adod;Nyam.

Principal Bom-sho; Bom-sho ; | Chhe-shos.

Private u.t., Sang-go ; l.t . Sang-cha;

Sang-bo;

Sang-bo; q|^c/q | Gsangs-wa.

Proper Ho-po; Bab-po; H o-po; Bab-po; Pam-bo ;

| | Os-pa; Rung-wa.

Prostrate, to Phyag-tshe-bo ; Phyag tshe-wo; | Phyag-atshal-wa.

Provisions Gya-ke; Se-go; Gya-ke; Se-go; | | Lto-chhas ; Rgyags.

Public Mha-po; Chi-po; Mha-po; Chi-po; fP l Spyi-pa.

Puppy Ja-gug; K hyi-gug; Ja-gug; K hyi-gug5 B’l 4! 1 Khyi-phrug.

Pure Tsam; Tsang-tag; Tsam; Tsang-tag; | < |'q , Gtsang-ma; Dag- pa.

Purse Bo-khug; Bo-khug; Ngul-khug;

1 Dngul-khug.

Pursue, to, Da-wo; D a-u ; Dawo; D au ; 1 Ded-pa.

QQuarrel, to Tham kyab-po;

T ham ;Tham kyab-po ;

T ham ;I -4krug-pa.

Queen Gyem ; Gyem ; jq S , Rgyal-mo.

Quite so De-ra-be; De-ra-be ; \ 1 da-ga-re.

C 28 ]


RRabbit Ri-gong ; Ri-gong; | | Ri-bong; Os.Ragged D u-ku; Du-ku ; | Hrul-po.Eage Tsi-ko ; She-dang ; Tsi-ko ; She-dang; | | Tshig-pa ; She-

Bain Cbha-po ; Chha-po;sdang.

I Chhar-pa.Bare Kon-tag ; Kon-tag ; I Dkon-poEat B i-tsi; B i-tsi; I 1 E tsi-rtsi; Byi-wa.Eaven u .t ., Op-lag;

e.t., O-lag; O -lag; | | O-rog; Khwa-ta,Eaw Lon-po ; Jen-po ; J en-po; 1 R jen-po.Razor K ya-gyi; Kya-gyi ; O 1 Skra-gri.Eead, to Dogko; Dogko; 1 GHog-pa.Bed M a-pu; Map ; M ap; Ma-pu ; 1 Dmar-po.Reflect, to Nho-sam tang-bo; Nho-sam tang-bo; i Bsams-Wo-

Eelation N y i-u ; Nyen- N yi-u; Nyen-gtang-wa.

1 G’nyen.

Eelease, totshen ;

Ton-bo; Khyo-bo;tshen;

Ton-bo; Tang-bo; 1 1 ^ldon-pa;

EemainderTang-bo;

L ham ; Lha-mag; L ham ; Lha-mag;Cr tong-wa.

l Lhag-ma.Eemember D e n so ; Den-ba- Den-sun-bo; i Dren-080-wa.

Eepulsivesun-bo;

Kham-lo-ke; Kham-log sing-sing; §*19’ I Skyug-hro-po.Eetreat, to Phyi-shu log-ko; Phyi-shu log-ko; 1 Phyir-log-rgyab-pa.Eetum, to Log-ko; Log-ko; I Log-pa.Eeverse, to La-log gyu-o; La>log gyu-o; w’Hjqj’jqq , ^4-log-rgyab-pa.Eib u.t ., Tsing-mo; Tsim ; Tsi-m ag; 1 Rtsib-ma.

Eicel .t., Tsim ; Tsi-mo; u .t., Bya ; Ohhum; J bras.

Eicbl.t., Chhum; Phyug-ku; Phyug-ku; 1 Phyug-po.

Eigid Sa-tag; Zang-tag; Sa-tag; Zang-tag; 1 Khrag-po.Bock Byag; Byag; 1 Brag.Boll, to D i; Di-u; D i ; Di-u ; i Esgril-wa.Book O-lag; O-lag; w | | O-rog ; Kgwa-ta.Eotten Eu-ru-o; E u-ru-o; I Eul-wa.Rouse to (from Mig-se-po; Mig-se-po ; , ffnyid-sed-pa.

sleep)Rubbish The-nyi; The-nyi; The-nyig; | Gal-snyigs.

C. 29 3


sSafe Ten-tag; Tson-tag; T en-tag ; Tson-tag; | 7?rton-po.Same Chig-ko; Khe-me; Chig-ko; Khe-me; I 1 Gchig-pa-khyed

med.Sand Byem; Bye-mo; Byem ; Bye-mo; I Bye-ma.Scabbard Shu; S hu; Shng; | Shubs.Scatter, to To.-bo; To-bo; | Gtor-wa.Scissors Gyim-tsi; Gyim-tsi; | col. ij*’’?’ I Tshem-rtse,

Tshem-tse; col. Grim-rtse.Scold, to She-dang long-ko;

Gyur-gyang-tang-bo;

She-dang-long-po; 1 Crshe-^she- ^tong-wa.

Gyur-gyang-tang-bo;

Seize, to She-wo ; Dzung-bo; She-wo; Dzung-bo ; | | Gzung-wa ;Jtdzin-pa.

Separate, to Yhe^o phi-u ; Yhe-o ph i-u ; Yhe- phi-wo;

'A’g’S 1 Dye-wa phye-wa.

Serpent u.t., Du ; Bu ; B i-u ; 1 Sbrul.l t ., B i-u ;

Servant Yhog-ku; Yhog-pu; Y hog-ku; Yhog-pu; | Gyog-po.Shabchhi; Shabchhi; | Zhabs-cbi.

Several u.t., Yo-lang; Hab N yo-ki; M ang-pu; | Mang-po.l e ;

l.t., N yo-ki; Yo-Shob-le;

lang ; H ab-le;Sharpen, to Da-o; Da-o ; 1 2?dar-wa.Shave, to Kya-shu-o; Kya-shu-o; Shu-bo; | Skra-bzhar-wa.Shelf Lhang-kha; Lhang-kha; | Bang-ga.Shield Phug; D a-li; Phug; Da-li; 1 Phub.Shirt T o.go; To-go; To-go; 1 Og-ajug.

Shovel H em ; H em ; Khem ; I col. ^ ’35 | Khem, col.Aja-mo.

Similar Chi-ko; Yer-me; Chi-ko; Yer-me; 1 | | Gchig-pa ;Ehe-m e; Thum-bo; Khe-me; Thum-bo; Khyad-med; W2thun-pa.

Sister (elder) A -yi; A-zi; A -yi; A-zi; | wg | ^-chhe; ^4-lche,„ (younger) N um ; Bu-sim ; N um ; Bu-sim; $’35 i Nu-mo.

Size Bom-chhung; Bom-chhung; 1 ^ ’3 1 Chhe-chhung;Sbom-phra.

[ 30 ]

English, Tromoiva. Sikhimese. Tibetan.

Slave K ho; Kho ; | Tshe-^yog.Sleeve Phu-lung ; Phu-lung; 9’ ’ 1 Phu-dung.Slender Phyim-tim;

Phya-tag ;Phyim-tim ;

Phya-tag ;g 1 | Phra-po; Srab-po,

Slice Sap-sap; Sap-sap; l Bra-po.Slip, to Gye-ko; Gye-ko; 1 A dred-pa.Slow Gu-lu gu-lu ; G u-lu; Gu-lu

gu-lu ;*1 1 Ga-le.

Smash, to Gha^ko; Cha-ko; '’pfop | Crchog-pa.Smear, to Pkyug-ko; Phyug-ko; qg’q i | 2faku-wa;

Abyug-pa.Smell, to Nhum -bo; Nhum -bo; I Snom-pa.Smile, to Dzum seg-seg;

Dzum;Dzum; Dzum-seg; i Rgfc’W n i Mul-wa;

^4dzum-mul-wa.Smith Ga-o; Ga-o; *W|Vq | Jfgar-wa.Snake u .t., Du ; Bu ;

l .t ., B i-u ;B i-u ; l Sbrul.AS

Sneeze, to Bip-sha-bo;Nhe-bi kyab-po;

Bip-sha-po;Nhe-bi kyab-po;

| He-chhu-rgyab-pa.

Snow u .t., Kho-o ; l.t., K hau ;

K hau ; prq | | Kha-wa; Gangs.

Some (a little) A -tsi; D um -tag;

Shu-chig;

A-tsi-chig; Dum- tag ;

Shu-chig;

| | Tog-tso; Tog-tse.

Some one Ka-a; iGa—a \ I Su-shig.Soon M a-lag; M a-lag; snpprq | J/gyogs-po.Speech Lo ; L o ; 1 Skad-chha.Speed M a-lag; M a-lag; | Tsha-drag.

Spider u .t., Be-ba-rag; l.t., Bab-rag;

Bakh-rag ; 1 -4dom.

Spider’s web u .t., Be-ba-rag shang-thag ;

l ,t ., Bab-rag shen- th a g ;

Bakh-rag shang- thag ;

Bakh-rag-tshang;

| ^dom-thag.

Spill, to To-o; To-o; To-bo; | Crshos-pa.

Spin, to Khe-o; Khe-o; Khe-bo; Rpwrq | ^(khal-wa.

Spoon Thum ; Thu-mo; Thum; Thu-mo; gv* i Thur-ma.

Spring (season) u .t ., So-ko; l.t.., So-ka;

So-ka; l Dpyid-ka.

Squeeze, to Tsi-u; Tsi-u; Tsi-bo; , R ^’q j ^dzir-w a; .Jtshir-wa.

E 31 ]

English. Tromoica. Sikkimese. Tibetan.

Stairs

Steam

u.t., Kya-ko; l .t., K ya-kha; u.t., Lang-ko; l .t., Long-pa;

K ya-kha;

Lang-pa;

1 SpH I Ken-dza ; Skas- ka.

| Rlangs-pa.Steel Kha-ke; Kha-ke-chag; P W l Kha-lchags.Stick, a Te-tag; Khau-o;

Kha-tog;Te-tag; Kha-o;

K ha-tog;I | Rgyug-pa ;

Dbyug-paStiff Sa-tag; Sa-tag; 3 ^ I Gyong-po.Stomach P ho ; Su-pa; Su-po; 1 1 1 Grod-pa;

K hog-pa; Pho-pa.Straw u .t ., So-mo ;

l.t., So-mag;So-mag; I Sog-ma.

Stray, to Sho-o ; 8ho-o ; Sho-bo; l Shor-wa.Strong Khe-ko chhi-tag; Khe-ka chhi-tag ;

She-chhi-tag ;Jp’Syq | Shed-chhen-po.

SummerSweat, to

B ya;u .t ., Ngo-nag-thon-

b o ;l .t., Ngo-nag-thon-

bo ;Tshe-po thon-bo;

Bya;Ngog-nag-thon-bo ;

Tshe-po thon-bo;

1 Dbyar-ka.

tarn i f | Rngul-wa,rngul-nag athon-pa.

Sweep, to The-o phyag-ko; The-o phyag-ko; 1’gq’q l Ge-rgyab-pa.Swift Gyo-po; M a-lag; Gyo-po; M a-lag; f J/gyogS-pa.Swim, to u.t., Ke-kyab-po;

l .t., Je-kyab-po;Je-kyab-po; jargq’q | Rgyal-rgyab-pa,

Sword Gyi-ring ; Gyi-ring; w ? | Ral-gn.

TTail Ju-mag ; Ju-m ag; W 3 | (7zhug-gu.Tailor Om-dze; Om-dze; Stop's i 1 Tshem-bu-wa;

Dbu-mdzad.Take, to, by

forcePhyog-ko; Phyog-ko; 1 -^phrog-pa.

Tall Thom-pu;R ing-ku;

Thom-pu;Ring-ku;

siX’q | , J/tho-po; Ring-po.

Talon De-mu; Bern; De-mu; I Sder-mo.Target M hag; B a ; B a; Tsha; | .Jben.Task Yhog; Yhog; ’’’I l Las-ka.Taste Byog-ko; Bhyog-

lag ;Byo-ko; Byog-ko; Bhyog-lag;

9’ l Bro-wa.

[ 32 ]

English. Tromowa. Sikkimese.

Taste, to Bhyog-la ta o ; Bhyog-la ta o ;Tax K he; K h e ;Teapot D.T., K ho-ti; Jam-bi; Jam-bim;

l.t., K ho-ti; Jam-bi;

Tear, to R e-o; R e-o; Re-bo;Terror u.t., J i-po ; Ju-po ;

l.t., Ju -po ;

That D i; D i;That down there u.t., Bo-di; Mo-kho-di;

l.t., Ma-u-di;That over there u.t., Pho-di; Pho-kho-di;

l .t., Pha-u-di;

That up there u.t., Y a-d i; Yo-kho-di;l.t., Y o-di;

Thigh Le-dum ; Le-dum ;Thin Phyam-tim; Phyam-thim;Think, to Sam-bo; Sambo:

Nho-sam tang-bo; Nho-sam tang-bo ;Thread K u-po; Kyu-po; Ki-mi;Throw-, to K o-o; Ko-o ; Kobo ;

Thumb Thep-chen; Thep-chen;

Tobacco Tang-khu; Tang-khu;Together Nyam-pu; Nyam -pu; <

Tomorrow Nam-pa; jTho-rang; Tho-rang;

Too H ap-le; H ap-le; <Nyo-ki;

Towards Hong-le; H ong-le; =Trousers Dom ; D om ; iTrue u.t., Dang-ku; Dang-pu; 5

Nghomne; Nghon-ne; .l .t., Dong-pu;

Turnip Yung-do; Y ung-do; 3Tusk Chhi-u; i1

Chhi-u;

Tibetan.

g’*r^’q i Bro-la-lta-wa.0*1 | Khral.f&q’ q j 1 | Khog-

t ib ; Ja-flbing ; Tib-ril.

w n | g*rq | Ral-wa; Dral-wa.| Jjigs-pa.

De.*r*f| i Ma-gi.

*r*rj | Pha-gi.

i Ya-gi.

q§’-<, I 2?rla-sha.g-q | Sp I ' Phra-po ; Sra-po.a w p | Bsams-pa.

I Skud-pa.I 5*^1 Dbyug-pa;

Rgyab-pa.

bong.■po; J/fche-

I Ha-chang.

C 33 3


uUndo, to Khyo-o; Khyo-o ; 3prq 1 Grol-wa.

(unfasten)Until B a-pu; B a-pu;

Sang-te;•q ^ l Bar-du,

Untruth A ng; ’ A ng; OT 1 Kyag-rdzun.Up Y a ; Y a; Yar.Upon Teng-kha; Teng-kha; | | Steng-la ; Sgang-

la.Urgent M a-lag;

Gyop-po;M a-lag; Gyo-po; £ VI 1 Dza-drag.

VVanish, to Yhe-o; Yhe-o; Yhe-bo ; W | Yal-wa.Very H a-sir; Ha-chang;

N yo-ki;H a-sir; H a-chang;

N yo-ki;1 V**’ 1 Shin-tu ; Ha-

chang.Vigour She. K he-ka;

Shug;She; Khe-ka;

Shug;^5 1 I 1 Shad, stobs,

ehugs.Village Yu-dong;

Yu-tshen;Yu; Gyong; | Grong-seb;

Yul-tshe.Visit, to Phe-po;

Je-o ;Phe-po;Jeo;

gqprq | | Thugs-pa;J/jal-wa.

wWait, to Gu-po; Gu-po; 1 Sgug-pa.Wake, to Mig-se-po; Mig-se-po; 1 Gnyid-sad-pa.Walk, to Gyu-u; Gyu-u; ^ ’q 1 ^4gro-wa.Wall Tsi-ko; Tsi-ko; Tse-ko; S'qp | Rtsig-pa.Wash, to Khyu-u; Khyu-u; qjft’q | -4khru-wa.Wave Ba-log; Ba-log; 1 Dba-rlabs,Weigh, to Ge-o; Ge-bo;

Je-o;Ge-o; Ge-bo;

Je-bo ;c(gq| ’q | ^«rq | gyogS-pa ;

jjal-w a.What Gam-mo; Gam ; Gam-mo ;

G ar;qpv | S | *| 'K | Gang; T si;

Ga-re.

C 34 ]


Wheat Gyo;Wheat flour= Gyo- phi;

Gyo;Wheat flour = Gyo- phi;

51 Gro.Wheat flour —- i Gro-zhib.

Whence Ga-le; Ga-le ;Ga-na-le;

| i Gang-nas; Ga-nas«

Where Ga; Ga-kha; G a ; Ga-kha;Ga-na;

qj 1 up | uj’§ | Ga-na ; Ga ■ wa ; Ga-iu.

Which K a ; Ga-di ; Ka-di; Ga-di; l Ga-gi.Whistle, to Bip-kya-po; Bip-kya-po; | Si-rgyab-pa>W hite K a-pu ; Ka*pu; 1 -4kar-po.Who K a ; K a; $ 1 Su.Whole Ga-yo; Tham-che ; w o s 1 1 Thams-chad ;

Tshang-ma.W hy Gam-bya-ti; Gam-bya-ti; | | Gang-la ; Chi-la.Widow u.t., Yu-so-mo;

l .t., Mo-rem;Mo-rem; Yug-sam ; ’gup si | Yug-za-ma.

Wife Mo-bii; M o-bu; 1 1 Skyes-dman ;chhang-ma.

W ing Sho-ko; Sho-ko, ’<J 1 Shog-pa.Wish, to Lo-gyu-u;

Dog-pa gyu-u;L o gyu ;

Dos-pa g y u ;Jdod-pa.

W ith Nyam -pu; Nyam-pu; l ,3/nyam-du.W ithin Nang-sha; Nang-sha,'; ^ ’«i| Nang-na; Nang-

la.Woman Ngo-ngug; B um ; ^ 5 1 Bud-med

Skyes-dman.Work Yhog; Yhog; w * | | Las-ka.Wrap, to D i-o; D i-bo; I -4sgril-wa.W rite, to D i-u ; B i-n ; B i-u ; D i-u ; | -4bri-wa.

YYak {female) B i; B i; ^g | ^g’2$ | ^ b r i ; -4bri-mo.

„ {wild) Dong ; P ong ; ^g^’ 1 th rong .Yellow Se-pu; Sep; Se-pu ; | Ser-bu.Yonder u.t., Pho;

l.t., Pha-u;P ha-u ; 1 I Pha-ru ; Pha-gi.

B. s. PRESS—5066-—192—11-12-1905.

A Vocabulary of the Tromowa Dialect of Tibetan - SOAS ...

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