A Systematic Approach to Explorationof Emerging Cloud Computing

Technologies and Its On-Demand Access

Dr. Ananthi Sheshasaayee1, Swetha Margaret T.A.2

1Research Supervisor, PG and Research Department Of Computer Science & Application,Quaid-E- Millath Government College for Women(Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India.

2Research Scholar, PG and Research Department Of Computer Science & Application,Quaid-E- Millath Government College for Women(Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India.

Abstract

“Cloud” computing is the present challenge which is creating an evolution

for On-Demand access to the information technology, services and products.

To adequately describe what cloud computing offers, it’s necessary to

discuss its infrastructure, service-oriented architectures, social

networking, unique protocols, Standard Application Programming Interfaces

(APIs), and dozens of other related fields. The appearance of cloud

computing and its features to consume assets is making it imperative for

organizations to examine whether cloud computing makes sense for them. To

contrive through the fog around cloud computing, the fundamentals about the

technology should be analyzed. This paper gives a solid grounding on

essentials and emerging technologies in cloud computing.

Keywords – Cloud Computing; On-Demand; Application Programming Interfaces;

service-oriented architectures.

1.INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is the future of information technology. It is the

convergence of technologies and trends that are making IT infrastructures

and application more dynamic and modular. “Cloud computing” was coined for

what happens when applications and services are moved into the internet

“cloud”. Today’s perception of cloud computing is strongly influenced by

marketing departments of IT companies. From an architectural perspective,

there is much confusion surrounding how cloud is both similar to and

different from existing models of computing, and

how these similarities and differences impact the organizational,

operational, and technological approaches to network and information

security practices. There are many definitions today that attempt to

address cloud from the perspective of academicians, architects, engineers,

developers, managers, and consumers. This document focuses on a definition

that is specifically tailored to the unique perspectives of IT network and

security professionals.

According to U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the

term Cloud Computing is defined as “A model for enabling ubiquitous,

convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable

computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and

services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal

management effort or service provider interaction”. When “Internet as

cloud” is drawn it represents one of its essential characteristics of cloud

computing “Abstraction”. Cloud is a place where, resources are pooled and

segregated as required. Its instructions are standard based and cloud works

on the utility based paradigm (i.e.), computing is made possible with a

pay-as-you-go. This is the prevalent reason for cloud computing being

radical. In contrast, not all applications benefit from cloud. Issues like

latency, transaction control, security and regulatory dispute still

persists.

2.THE EARLY PHASE

2.1 THE NIST MODEL

The concept of cloud computing has been introduced for several years,

however, there are still various interpretations on what is cloud

computing. Since the cloud computing specification of National Institute of

Standards and Technology (NIST) has been proposed. NIST defines cloud

computing by describing five essential characteristics, three cloud service

models, and four cloud deployment models. This model eventually did not

require a cloud to use virtualization to pool resources.

2.2 THE CLOUD CUBE MODEL

There are several “cloud formations” or forms of cloud computing. Each

offers different characteristics, varying degrees of flexibility, different

collaborative opportunities, and different risks. Thus one of the key

challenges that businesses face when considering cloud computing as an

option is to determine how to choose the cloud formation best suited to

their various types of business operations.

The Jericho Forum’s objectives related to cloud computing are distinctive –

enabling secure collaboration in the appropriate cloud formations best

suited to the business needs. They are,

Point out that not everything is best implemented in clouds; it maybe best to operate some business functions using a traditional non-cloud approach.

Explain the different cloud formations that the Jericho Forum hasidentified.

Describe key characteristics, benefits and risks of each cloudformation.

Provide a framework for exploring in more detail the nature ofdifferent cloud formations and the issues that need answering tomake them safe and secure places.

Fig 1: The Cloud Cube Model

Source: www.jerichoforum.org

2.3 CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELThe cloud isn’t a technology. It’s more of an approach to building IT

services - an approach that harnesses the power of servers, as well as

virtualization technologies that combine servers into large computing pools

and divide single servers into multiple virtual machines. And there are

several different deployment models for implementing cloud technology.

With cloud computing technology, large pools of resources can be connected

through private or public networks. This technology simplifies

infrastructure planning and provides dynamically scalable infrastructure

for cloud based applications, data, and file storage.

Businesses can choose to deploy applications on Public, Private, Hybrid

clouds or the newer Community. What are the differences between these types

of cloud computing, and how can you determine the right cloud path for your

organization? Here are some fundamentals of each to help with the decision-

making process.

The four primary types of cloud models are:

Public

Private

Hybrid

Community

Fig 2: Types of Cloud Deployment Models

Source: http://www.edureka.co/blog

Public Cloud

The most recognizable model of cloud computing to many consumers is the

public cloud model, under which cloud services are provided in a

virtualized environment, constructed using pooled shared physical

resources, and accessible over a public network such as the internet. To

some extent they can be defined in contrast to private clouds which ring-

fence the pool of underlying computing resources, creating a distinct cloud

platform to which only a single organization has access. Public clouds,

however, provide services to multiple clients using the same shared

infrastructure [8] Public clouds are used extensively in offerings for

private individuals who are less likely to need the level of infrastructure

and security offered by private clouds. However, enterprise can still

utilize public clouds to make their operations significantly more

efficient, for example, with the storage of non-sensitive content, online

document collaboration and webmail [8].

Private Cloud

A private cloud is a particular model of cloud computing that involves

a distinct and secure cloud based environment in which only the specified

client can operate. As with other cloud models, private clouds will provide

computing power as a service within a virtualized environment using an

underlying pool of physical computing resource. However, under the private

cloud model, the cloud (the pool of resource) is only accessible by a

single organization providing that organization with greater control and

privacy. The private cloud model is closer to the more traditional model of

individual local access networks (LANs) used in the past by enterprise but

with the added advantages of virtualization [8].

Hybrid Cloud

A hybrid cloud is an integrated cloud service utilizing both private

and public clouds to perform distinct functions within the same

organization. All cloud computing services should offer certain

efficiencies to differing degrees but public cloud services are likely to

be more cost efficient and scalable than private clouds. Therefore, an

organization can maximize their efficiencies by employing public cloud

services for all non-sensitive operations, only relying on a private cloud

where they require it and ensuring that all of their platforms are

seamlessly integrated [8].

Hybrid cloud models can be implemented in a number of ways:

Separate cloud providers team up to provide both private and public

services as an integrated service

Individual cloud providers offer a complete hybrid package

Organizations who manage their private clouds themselves sign up to a

public cloud service which they then integrate into their

infrastructure

Community Cloud

A community cloud is a is a multi-tenant cloud service model that is

shared among several or organizations and that is governed, managed and

secured commonly by all the participating organizations or a third party

managed service provider [7]. Community clouds are a hybrid form of private

clouds built and operated specifically for a targeted group. These

communities have similar cloud requirements and their ultimate goal is to

work together to achieve their business objectives. The goal of community

clouds is to have participating organizations realize the benefits of a

public cloud with the added level of privacy, security, and policy

compliance usually associated with a private cloud. Community clouds can be

either on-premise or off-premise [7]. Couple of situations where a

community cloud environment is best:

Government organizations within a state that need to share recourse

A private HIPAA compliant cloud for a group of hospitals or clinics

Telco community cloud for Telco DR to meet specific FCC regulations

HIPAA is the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability

FCC is the Federal Communications Commission

3.CLOUD PLATFORMS & TRENDS Cloud computing is changing the technological world in countless

ways. It wouldn't be wrong to say that it's actually transforming the way

individuals and enterprises perceive data security, storage, and management

process. Web hosts around the world are giving a serious consideration to

adopting cloud hosting platform and offering it as a service to their

customers; of course, not every mid-size and small web hosting provider can

do this today, but in the forthcoming years, it won’t be a surprise to see

almost every web hosting company, be it small, mid-size or a big enterprise

offering cloud products to its customers. Whether you already have cloud

service in your portfolio or are currently in the process of including it

in forthcoming days, it is almost a necessity to know about what potential

cloud technology really holds for the market.

Let us take a look at 4 possible future trends arena that we should

anticipate in couple of years down the lane.

“Cloud Computing” May Become Identical to “Computing” The term “cloud” has been around for quite some time in

technological world, but with channel of time, it is expected to infiltrate

deeper, and perhaps become the most widely used and adopted technology. For

the next generation computing the term “Cloud Computing" will fade instead

it might just become computing [9].

Centralized Data Will Become The Most Important Strategic Advantage

Slowly the experts around the world would become pros at creating massive

databases that aggregate valuable information that can be accessed by

anybody through any publicly accessible API. Some of the examples of such

data can be stock market trends in last 10 years or clinical outcome data

for improved patient care etc

Mobile Devices Are Bound To Become More Powerful

Now that’s certainly a no-brainer that everyone knows about. With

continuous increase in the popularity of mobile computing and its

dependence on clouds for supporting different mobile applications, mobile

devices will certainly have much more capabilities than today, but their

data will be stored in cloud. One such example today is iCloud by Apple at

the moment, and you can expect to see similar stuff on other mobile

platforms too.

Supervision of Identities Will Soon Become the Need of the Hour

As we move towards centralized trust, we’ll have to learn managing

identities within different enterprises, not to mention within clouds as

well. From there, places would be created on Internet where validating

identities would be possible. There will be a radical increase in the

number of clouds, and there will arise a need for one single sign-on, and

thus security based on identity will become a mandatory requirement.

These trends should play out in next three years or so, and 2014 will

certainly mark the introduction of the transformation. Hence, we have a

need in moving to a cloud-powered world in the New Year in case you're

still living in the Dark Age. Remember that customers will always run

behind the latest technological advancements, and you'd be able to lure

them only when you stay up-to-date with the latest trends.

4.EMERGING CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES The cloud is an ever-changing infrastructure that is continuously being

applied to different facets of life in order to provide benefits to human

kind. There is a lot we can learn from hard data and many of the

traditional limits of computing such as power, space and cost have been

eliminated due to the elastic nature of cloud computing. The cloud has

embodied a new era of emerging markets that has caused many big name

vendors to change their strategy in order to survive. These emerging cloud

technologies have the capacity to be the next big thing in terms of

consumer technology. Cloud computing is seen by many as the next

gesticulate of information technology in all means of source. The copious

supply of technology capabilities at a low cost offers many tantalizing

opportunities. In addition to reduce equipped costs, cloud technologies

have become the basis for radical business modernization and new business

models. Like any innovative technology advancement, cloud computing also

creates disruptive possibilities and impending risks. The fact that cloud

computing involves the aggregation of computing supremacy, and more

importantly, information, has become a source of increasing apprehension.

Cloud users and Regime policy-makers are speckled with massive questions

about the current use and future evolutionary path of cloud computing.

According to Gartner, Inc.2014 [18] tinted the top ten technologies

and trends that will be strategic for most organizations in 2014 and

upcoming years. Analysts presented their findings during Gartner Symposium,

being held here through October 10. Gartner defines a strategic technology

as one with the impending for significant impact on the enterprise in the

next three years. Factors that denote significant impact include a high

potential for disruption to IT or the business, the need for a major dollar

investment, or the risk of being late to adopt.

A strategic technology may be an existing technology that has matured

and/or become suitable for a wider range of uses. It may also be an

emerging technology that offers an opportunity for strategic business

advantage for early adopters or with potential for significant market

disruption in the next five years. These technologies impact the

organization's long-term plans, programs and initiatives. The apex ten

strategic technology trends for 2014 include:

Mobile Device Diversity and Management

Mobile Apps and Applications

The Internet of Everything

Hybrid Cloud and IT as Service Broker

Cloud/Client Architecture

The Era of Personal Cloud

Software Defined Anything

Web-Scale IT

Smart Machines

3-D Printing

Cloud computing will continue to be the way of the future– not only

domestically, but for international emerging markets, as well. Studies

project that more than 50 percent of all information technology will be in

the cloud within the next five to ten years; not surprising, as

international markets believe in cloud virtualization, and it’s an ideal

environment for many of their use cases. Growth of the cloud-platform

engineering will be exponential, as cloud virtualization is increasingly

appreciated worldwide and is more readily available in more regions.

Particularly in Asia, where we’ve seen a strong desire for greater capacity

in the region. Despite these positive gains, however, security in the cloud

remains a valid concern [21]. There are a few key reasons why cloud

adoption is happening even faster there than other emerging markets. First,

there’s what Microsoft’s chair of emerging markets Orlando Ayala calls the

“mobile revolution,” which is a response to the demand for access to

corporate services and applications from anywhere at any time. Another

factor is price point [21].

5.CONCLUSION

This paper discusses the emerging cloud computing trends and practices

that pursues the advance scientific features of cloud computing with layer

wise classification of the cloud services, and highlighted the subsequent

guidelines of research facing the both industry and academic community.

Cloud computing is an IT innovation that is changing on how individuals and

organizations should acquire and utilize IT resources. These innovations

focus on moving IT resources from a capital expenditure (CAPEX) to an

operational expenditure (OPEX). It implies that an organization’s IT needs

is provided by a third party on a pay-as-you-need basis or on-demand access

methods. While the shift to cloud computing has incredible benefits to

business organizations, its adoption is presenting organizations with

challenges. The main challenge is that of reliability, arising from the

fact that cloud computing platform is a complex network involving different

players [1]. The future of cloud computing is not definite but by analyzing

the trends it seems that cloud technology will play a large part in our day

to day lives. In the future business and consumers will benefit from higher

interoperability between clouds and maybe even a cloud network which will

improve sharing of resources and information. There are many uses

for this technology and it is surely going to change the way in which we

handle our data, services and access/store our digital content but for its

full potential to be unlocked a broader understanding, appreciation and

investment in cloud computing technologies is required [8].

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ir=India