A Systematic Approach to Explorationof Emerging Cloud Computing
Technologies and Its On-Demand Access
Dr. Ananthi Sheshasaayee1, Swetha Margaret T.A.2
1Research Supervisor, PG and Research Department Of Computer Science & Application,Quaid-E- Millath Government College for Women(Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India.
2Research Scholar, PG and Research Department Of Computer Science & Application,Quaid-E- Millath Government College for Women(Autonomous), Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract
“Cloud” computing is the present challenge which is creating an evolution
for On-Demand access to the information technology, services and products.
To adequately describe what cloud computing offers, it’s necessary to
discuss its infrastructure, service-oriented architectures, social
networking, unique protocols, Standard Application Programming Interfaces
(APIs), and dozens of other related fields. The appearance of cloud
computing and its features to consume assets is making it imperative for
organizations to examine whether cloud computing makes sense for them. To
contrive through the fog around cloud computing, the fundamentals about the
technology should be analyzed. This paper gives a solid grounding on
essentials and emerging technologies in cloud computing.
Keywords – Cloud Computing; On-Demand; Application Programming Interfaces;
service-oriented architectures.
1.INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is the future of information technology. It is the
convergence of technologies and trends that are making IT infrastructures
and application more dynamic and modular. “Cloud computing” was coined for
what happens when applications and services are moved into the internet
“cloud”. Today’s perception of cloud computing is strongly influenced by
marketing departments of IT companies. From an architectural perspective,
there is much confusion surrounding how cloud is both similar to and
different from existing models of computing, and
how these similarities and differences impact the organizational,
operational, and technological approaches to network and information
security practices. There are many definitions today that attempt to
address cloud from the perspective of academicians, architects, engineers,
developers, managers, and consumers. This document focuses on a definition
that is specifically tailored to the unique perspectives of IT network and
security professionals.
According to U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) the
term Cloud Computing is defined as “A model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider interaction”. When “Internet as
cloud” is drawn it represents one of its essential characteristics of cloud
computing “Abstraction”. Cloud is a place where, resources are pooled and
segregated as required. Its instructions are standard based and cloud works
on the utility based paradigm (i.e.), computing is made possible with a
pay-as-you-go. This is the prevalent reason for cloud computing being
radical. In contrast, not all applications benefit from cloud. Issues like
latency, transaction control, security and regulatory dispute still
persists.
2.THE EARLY PHASE
2.1 THE NIST MODEL
The concept of cloud computing has been introduced for several years,
however, there are still various interpretations on what is cloud
computing. Since the cloud computing specification of National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) has been proposed. NIST defines cloud
computing by describing five essential characteristics, three cloud service
models, and four cloud deployment models. This model eventually did not
require a cloud to use virtualization to pool resources.
2.2 THE CLOUD CUBE MODEL
There are several “cloud formations” or forms of cloud computing. Each
offers different characteristics, varying degrees of flexibility, different
collaborative opportunities, and different risks. Thus one of the key
challenges that businesses face when considering cloud computing as an
option is to determine how to choose the cloud formation best suited to
their various types of business operations.
The Jericho Forum’s objectives related to cloud computing are distinctive –
enabling secure collaboration in the appropriate cloud formations best
suited to the business needs. They are,
Point out that not everything is best implemented in clouds; it maybe best to operate some business functions using a traditional non-cloud approach.
Explain the different cloud formations that the Jericho Forum hasidentified.
Describe key characteristics, benefits and risks of each cloudformation.
Provide a framework for exploring in more detail the nature ofdifferent cloud formations and the issues that need answering tomake them safe and secure places.
Fig 1: The Cloud Cube Model
Source: www.jerichoforum.org
2.3 CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELThe cloud isn’t a technology. It’s more of an approach to building IT
services - an approach that harnesses the power of servers, as well as
virtualization technologies that combine servers into large computing pools
and divide single servers into multiple virtual machines. And there are
several different deployment models for implementing cloud technology.
With cloud computing technology, large pools of resources can be connected
through private or public networks. This technology simplifies
infrastructure planning and provides dynamically scalable infrastructure
for cloud based applications, data, and file storage.
Businesses can choose to deploy applications on Public, Private, Hybrid
clouds or the newer Community. What are the differences between these types
of cloud computing, and how can you determine the right cloud path for your
organization? Here are some fundamentals of each to help with the decision-
making process.
The four primary types of cloud models are:
Public
Private
Hybrid
Community
Fig 2: Types of Cloud Deployment Models
Source: http://www.edureka.co/blog
Public Cloud
The most recognizable model of cloud computing to many consumers is the
public cloud model, under which cloud services are provided in a
virtualized environment, constructed using pooled shared physical
resources, and accessible over a public network such as the internet. To
some extent they can be defined in contrast to private clouds which ring-
fence the pool of underlying computing resources, creating a distinct cloud
platform to which only a single organization has access. Public clouds,
however, provide services to multiple clients using the same shared
infrastructure [8] Public clouds are used extensively in offerings for
private individuals who are less likely to need the level of infrastructure
and security offered by private clouds. However, enterprise can still
utilize public clouds to make their operations significantly more
efficient, for example, with the storage of non-sensitive content, online
document collaboration and webmail [8].
Private Cloud
A private cloud is a particular model of cloud computing that involves
a distinct and secure cloud based environment in which only the specified
client can operate. As with other cloud models, private clouds will provide
computing power as a service within a virtualized environment using an
underlying pool of physical computing resource. However, under the private
cloud model, the cloud (the pool of resource) is only accessible by a
single organization providing that organization with greater control and
privacy. The private cloud model is closer to the more traditional model of
individual local access networks (LANs) used in the past by enterprise but
with the added advantages of virtualization [8].
Hybrid Cloud
A hybrid cloud is an integrated cloud service utilizing both private
and public clouds to perform distinct functions within the same
organization. All cloud computing services should offer certain
efficiencies to differing degrees but public cloud services are likely to
be more cost efficient and scalable than private clouds. Therefore, an
organization can maximize their efficiencies by employing public cloud
services for all non-sensitive operations, only relying on a private cloud
where they require it and ensuring that all of their platforms are
seamlessly integrated [8].
Hybrid cloud models can be implemented in a number of ways:
Separate cloud providers team up to provide both private and public
services as an integrated service
Individual cloud providers offer a complete hybrid package
Organizations who manage their private clouds themselves sign up to a
public cloud service which they then integrate into their
infrastructure
Community Cloud
A community cloud is a is a multi-tenant cloud service model that is
shared among several or organizations and that is governed, managed and
secured commonly by all the participating organizations or a third party
managed service provider [7]. Community clouds are a hybrid form of private
clouds built and operated specifically for a targeted group. These
communities have similar cloud requirements and their ultimate goal is to
work together to achieve their business objectives. The goal of community
clouds is to have participating organizations realize the benefits of a
public cloud with the added level of privacy, security, and policy
compliance usually associated with a private cloud. Community clouds can be
either on-premise or off-premise [7]. Couple of situations where a
community cloud environment is best:
Government organizations within a state that need to share recourse
A private HIPAA compliant cloud for a group of hospitals or clinics
Telco community cloud for Telco DR to meet specific FCC regulations
HIPAA is the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability
FCC is the Federal Communications Commission
3.CLOUD PLATFORMS & TRENDS Cloud computing is changing the technological world in countless
ways. It wouldn't be wrong to say that it's actually transforming the way
individuals and enterprises perceive data security, storage, and management
process. Web hosts around the world are giving a serious consideration to
adopting cloud hosting platform and offering it as a service to their
customers; of course, not every mid-size and small web hosting provider can
do this today, but in the forthcoming years, it won’t be a surprise to see
almost every web hosting company, be it small, mid-size or a big enterprise
offering cloud products to its customers. Whether you already have cloud
service in your portfolio or are currently in the process of including it
in forthcoming days, it is almost a necessity to know about what potential
cloud technology really holds for the market.
Let us take a look at 4 possible future trends arena that we should
anticipate in couple of years down the lane.
“Cloud Computing” May Become Identical to “Computing” The term “cloud” has been around for quite some time in
technological world, but with channel of time, it is expected to infiltrate
deeper, and perhaps become the most widely used and adopted technology. For
the next generation computing the term “Cloud Computing" will fade instead
it might just become computing [9].
Centralized Data Will Become The Most Important Strategic Advantage
Slowly the experts around the world would become pros at creating massive
databases that aggregate valuable information that can be accessed by
anybody through any publicly accessible API. Some of the examples of such
data can be stock market trends in last 10 years or clinical outcome data
for improved patient care etc
Mobile Devices Are Bound To Become More Powerful
Now that’s certainly a no-brainer that everyone knows about. With
continuous increase in the popularity of mobile computing and its
dependence on clouds for supporting different mobile applications, mobile
devices will certainly have much more capabilities than today, but their
data will be stored in cloud. One such example today is iCloud by Apple at
the moment, and you can expect to see similar stuff on other mobile
platforms too.
Supervision of Identities Will Soon Become the Need of the Hour
As we move towards centralized trust, we’ll have to learn managing
identities within different enterprises, not to mention within clouds as
well. From there, places would be created on Internet where validating
identities would be possible. There will be a radical increase in the
number of clouds, and there will arise a need for one single sign-on, and
thus security based on identity will become a mandatory requirement.
These trends should play out in next three years or so, and 2014 will
certainly mark the introduction of the transformation. Hence, we have a
need in moving to a cloud-powered world in the New Year in case you're
still living in the Dark Age. Remember that customers will always run
behind the latest technological advancements, and you'd be able to lure
them only when you stay up-to-date with the latest trends.
4.EMERGING CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES The cloud is an ever-changing infrastructure that is continuously being
applied to different facets of life in order to provide benefits to human
kind. There is a lot we can learn from hard data and many of the
traditional limits of computing such as power, space and cost have been
eliminated due to the elastic nature of cloud computing. The cloud has
embodied a new era of emerging markets that has caused many big name
vendors to change their strategy in order to survive. These emerging cloud
technologies have the capacity to be the next big thing in terms of
consumer technology. Cloud computing is seen by many as the next
gesticulate of information technology in all means of source. The copious
supply of technology capabilities at a low cost offers many tantalizing
opportunities. In addition to reduce equipped costs, cloud technologies
have become the basis for radical business modernization and new business
models. Like any innovative technology advancement, cloud computing also
creates disruptive possibilities and impending risks. The fact that cloud
computing involves the aggregation of computing supremacy, and more
importantly, information, has become a source of increasing apprehension.
Cloud users and Regime policy-makers are speckled with massive questions
about the current use and future evolutionary path of cloud computing.
According to Gartner, Inc.2014 [18] tinted the top ten technologies
and trends that will be strategic for most organizations in 2014 and
upcoming years. Analysts presented their findings during Gartner Symposium,
being held here through October 10. Gartner defines a strategic technology
as one with the impending for significant impact on the enterprise in the
next three years. Factors that denote significant impact include a high
potential for disruption to IT or the business, the need for a major dollar
investment, or the risk of being late to adopt.
A strategic technology may be an existing technology that has matured
and/or become suitable for a wider range of uses. It may also be an
emerging technology that offers an opportunity for strategic business
advantage for early adopters or with potential for significant market
disruption in the next five years. These technologies impact the
organization's long-term plans, programs and initiatives. The apex ten
strategic technology trends for 2014 include:
Mobile Device Diversity and Management
Mobile Apps and Applications
The Internet of Everything
Hybrid Cloud and IT as Service Broker
Cloud/Client Architecture
The Era of Personal Cloud
Software Defined Anything
Web-Scale IT
Smart Machines
3-D Printing
Cloud computing will continue to be the way of the future– not only
domestically, but for international emerging markets, as well. Studies
project that more than 50 percent of all information technology will be in
the cloud within the next five to ten years; not surprising, as
international markets believe in cloud virtualization, and it’s an ideal
environment for many of their use cases. Growth of the cloud-platform
engineering will be exponential, as cloud virtualization is increasingly
appreciated worldwide and is more readily available in more regions.
Particularly in Asia, where we’ve seen a strong desire for greater capacity
in the region. Despite these positive gains, however, security in the cloud
remains a valid concern [21]. There are a few key reasons why cloud
adoption is happening even faster there than other emerging markets. First,
there’s what Microsoft’s chair of emerging markets Orlando Ayala calls the
“mobile revolution,” which is a response to the demand for access to
corporate services and applications from anywhere at any time. Another
factor is price point [21].
5.CONCLUSION
This paper discusses the emerging cloud computing trends and practices
that pursues the advance scientific features of cloud computing with layer
wise classification of the cloud services, and highlighted the subsequent
guidelines of research facing the both industry and academic community.
Cloud computing is an IT innovation that is changing on how individuals and
organizations should acquire and utilize IT resources. These innovations
focus on moving IT resources from a capital expenditure (CAPEX) to an
operational expenditure (OPEX). It implies that an organization’s IT needs
is provided by a third party on a pay-as-you-need basis or on-demand access
methods. While the shift to cloud computing has incredible benefits to
business organizations, its adoption is presenting organizations with
challenges. The main challenge is that of reliability, arising from the
fact that cloud computing platform is a complex network involving different
players [1]. The future of cloud computing is not definite but by analyzing
the trends it seems that cloud technology will play a large part in our day
to day lives. In the future business and consumers will benefit from higher
interoperability between clouds and maybe even a cloud network which will
improve sharing of resources and information. There are many uses
for this technology and it is surely going to change the way in which we
handle our data, services and access/store our digital content but for its
full potential to be unlocked a broader understanding, appreciation and
investment in cloud computing technologies is required [8].
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